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srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/topic_image_tier_two/public/images/hero/2024-02/dandelion-827000_Full%20internal%20use%20_%20for%20all%20internal%20channels.jpg?itok=LIni9nYX 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1265" height="842"/> <img class="image" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/topic_image_tier_two/public/images/hero/2024-02/dandelion-827000_Full%20internal%20use%20_%20for%20all%20internal%20channels.jpg?itok=LIni9nYX" width="1265" height="842" alt="Dandelion" /> </picture> </div> <h1 class="content-topic-title">Science Using Neutrons</h1> <p class="intro content-topic-hero-text">Neutron scattering at ESS will offer unparalleled insights into matter's structure and function across various scientific disciplines. ESS's advanced capabilities promise groundbreaking research opportunities in physics, chemistry, biology, and more.</p> </header> <div class="topic-tier-two__content"> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <p class="lead">Neutron scattering can be applied to a range of scientific questions, spanning the realms of physics, chemistry, geology, biology and medicine. The European Spallation Source聽will be a prominent part of the future landscape of global research infrastructures, providing聽experimental possibilities聽to researchers from academia as well as聽Industry.</p><p>Neutrons serve as聽a unique probe for revealing the structure and function of matter聽from the microscopic down to the atomic scale. Using neutrons for research enables us to investigate聽the world around us as well as to develop new materials and processes to meet the needs of society.聽Neutrons are frequently used to address the grand challenges, to improve and develop new solutions for health, the environment, clean energy, IT and more.</p><h3>Read more about Science Focus Areas:</h3><ul><li><a href="/science-using-neutrons/chemistry-materials-magnetic-electronic-phenomena" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3069808f-f38c-489d-94ce-7ac2788e5975" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Chemistry of Materials, Magnetic & Electronic Phenomena</a></li><li><a href="/science-using-neutrons/engineering-materials-geosciences-archeology-heritage-conservation" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="6e712fd9-708c-40c2-9bda-a2cf5a7dda49" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Engineering Materials, Geosciences, Archeology & Heritage Conservation and Fast Neutron Applications</a></li><li><a href="/science-using-neutrons/life-science-soft-condensed-matter" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e4fa659a-de5e-4f30-9e5e-202959a7d9ce" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Life Science & Soft Condensed Matter</a></li><li><a href="/science-using-neutrons/particle-physics" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b79e320c-3b37-42fd-b85d-457c30f3a58c" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Particle Physics</a></li></ul> <div data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="dc580653-b7f2-4f43-b37a-a001c0c2f229" data-embed-button="block_create" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-block-content embedded-block-content-puff embedded-block-content-puff--full"><div class="puff-grid"><div class="puff-grid-small"> <div class="card card--push"> <div class="card__block"> <h3 class="card__title"><a href="/futurescience"> <span>Future Science: What will we see at ESS?</span> </a></h3> <p class="card__text">A set of stories that highlight some of the research that will be conducted on instruments under construction at ESS.</p> <a class="button-link button-link--primary" href="/futurescience"> Read More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <div data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="5d247214-f18c-4da7-8911-89e3347eaaf7" data-embed-button="block_browse" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-block-content embedded-block-content-tabs embedded-block-content-tabs--full"> <div id="tabs-60" class="tabs "><ul class="tabs__nav"><li class="tabs__nav-item"><a class="tabs__nav-link" href="#what-do-neutrons-tell-us"> What Do Neutrons Tell Us? </a></li> <li class="tabs__nav-item"><a class="tabs__nav-link" href="#unique-capabilities-ess"> Unique Capabilities of ESS </a></li> </ul><div class="tabs__pane" id="what-do-neutrons-tell-us"> <p>Science using neutron scattering encompasses a wide range of experimental methods. Researchers can study materials and systems with sizes ranging from life-sized to atomic resolution as well as studying the dynamic behaviours of those materials and systems on time scales ranging from seconds to a few tens of femtoseconds.</p> <div data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="3b02e1da-51e7-440d-9a06-9d31aea87acb" data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.custom" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--custom"> <div class="media media-image media-image--custom"> <div class="media__content"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/custom/public/images/media/2024-02/SUN%20Length%20scales.png?itok=N8OZb6-8" width="2673" height="801" alt="Neutrons length scales" loading="lazy" /></div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="credit"><p>Illustration courtesy of the LENS Initiative.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> <div data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="cb659b6d-4eb8-476c-9459-c6af5061ccac" data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.custom" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--custom"> <div class="media media-image media-image--custom"> <div class="media__content"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/custom/public/images/media/2024-02/SUN%20Timescales.png?itok=zfwiCBHd" width="2357" height="695" alt="Neutron timescales" loading="lazy" /></div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="credit"><p>Illustration courtesy of the LENS Initiative.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> <p>Neutrons have unique properties that researchers can take advantage of when carrying out neutron scattering research.聽</p> <div data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="d375a754-2624-4830-98c7-281b4b1b7c60" data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.panoramic_standard" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--panoramic-standard"> <div class="media media-image media-image--panoramic-standard"> <div class="media__content"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_standard/public/images/media/2024-02/SUN%20Neutron%20properties_2.png?itok=LjQ6QKml 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="1840" height="984"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_standard/public/images/media/2024-02/SUN%20Neutron%20properties_2.png?itok=LjQ6QKml" width="1840" height="984" alt="Neutron properties" /></picture></div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="credit"><p>Illustration courtesy of the LENS Initiative.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> </div> <div class="tabs__pane" id="unique-capabilities-ess"> <p class="lead">ESS will push the frontiers of neutron science.聽</p><p>ESS has been designed to enable research that cannot be conducted at other facilities. This will be achieved by delivering high flux neutrons delivered in a long pulse structure. The instruments being installed have been selected to cover a broad spectrum of science areas and enable experiments to be conducted under ambient conditions as well as at the extremes of temperature, pressure and magnetic field strength. With a dedicated Data Management and Software Centre, ESS is committed to ensuring all the valuable information derived from experimental data is transformed into meaningful observations.</p> <div data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="80d6108b-2946-4010-bcea-7be5f16238df" data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.custom" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--custom"> <div class="media media-image media-image--custom"> <div class="media__content"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/custom/public/images/media/2024-02/ESS%20neutron%20pulse.png?itok=DOsmo5to" width="1447" height="887" alt="neutron pulse" loading="lazy" /></div> <footer class="media__footer"></footer></div> </div> <div data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="99b64f24-aa56-4ddf-af2d-91dd11b07ccd" data-embed-button="block_browse" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-block_content embedded-block_content-accordion embedded-block_content-accordion--full"><div class="accordion" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"> <div class="accordion__item"> <div class="accordion__title">High Intensity</div> <div class="accordion__content"><p>ESS will offer neutron beams of unparalleled聽peak brilliance, enabling new experimental possibilities though faster measurements, the use of smaller samples and the detection of weaker signals.</p></div> </div> <div class="accordion__item"> <div class="accordion__title">Long-Pulse Flexibility</div> <div class="accordion__content"><p>The bright neutron beams will be delivered in a unique time structure, with long neutron pulses (2.86 ms) at low frequency (14 Hz). This structure enables the utilization of long-wavelength neutrons, facilitating flexible neutron instruments with a broader dynamic range, bispectral beams and adjustable resolution, thereby significantly enhancing scientific capabilities.</p></div> </div> <div class="accordion__item"> <div class="accordion__title">Real-World Samples and Extreme Conditions</div> <div class="accordion__content"><p>ESS strives towards improved understanding of increasingly complex phenomena, representing reality. Complexity can mean a multitude of interrelated physical properties within the materials or studying real-world heterogeneous samples within their (extreme and natural) environment. Combing state-of-the-art sample environment equipment and laboratories with the higher brilliance will allow the study of smaller real-world samples.</p></div> </div> <div class="accordion__item"> <div class="accordion__title">Advanced Computation and Software </div> <div class="accordion__content"><p>The computational and software solutions being developed at the Data Management and Software Centre (DMSC) in Denmark aim to provide the user with a coherent experience, providing user-centred software for instrument control, efficient data reduction, real-time data visualisation, intuitive data analysis and computational support for modelling and simulations.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="topic-tier-two__sidebar" data-sidebar><div class="sidebar-menu"> <ul class="sidebar-menu__items"> <li class="sidebar-menu__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons" class="sidebar-menu__item-link sidebar-menu__item-link--current is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/38">Science Using Neutrons</a> <ul class="sidebar-menu__items sidebar-menu__children"> <li class="sidebar-menu__child"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/chemistry-materials-magnetic-electronic-phenomena" class="sidebar-menu__child-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/25">Chemistry of Materials, Magnetic & Electronic Phenomena</a> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu__child"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/engineering-materials-geosciences-archeology-heritage-conservation" class="sidebar-menu__child-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41">Engineering Materials, Geosciences, Archeology & Heritage Conservation and Fast Neutron Applications</a> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu__child"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/life-science-soft-condensed-matter" class="sidebar-menu__child-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40">Life Science & Soft Condensed Matter</a> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu__child"> <a 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<img class="image" class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/block_teaser_portrait/public/images/media/2018-02/ESS%20Campus.png?itok=r1VJv56G" width="440" height="564" alt="alt" loading="lazy" /> <div class="card__image-overlay card__image-overlay--fade-dark-linear"> <div class="card__block card__block--bottom"> <h2 class="card__title">About ESS</h2> <p class="card__text" data-overflow-ellipsis>The New Global Neutron Science Hub</p> </div> <div class="card__footer"> <a class="button-link button-link--secondary" href="/about"> <div class="button-link__content">Read more</div> <i class="icon icon--arrow-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <div class="block-region-right-top"><div class="card card--cover card--overlay card--inverse"> <a class="anchor-cover" href="/building-ess"></a> <img class="image" class="image" 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