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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenyon's_selection_as_candidate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kenyon's selection as candidate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenyon's_selection_as_candidate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberal_compromise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberal_compromise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Liberal compromise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberal_compromise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_National_Insurance_Act_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_National_Insurance_Act_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The National Insurance Act controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_National_Insurance_Act_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socialist_candidate_in_the_field" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socialist_candidate_in_the_field"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Socialist candidate in the field</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socialist_candidate_in_the_field-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kenyon's_political_manoeuvrings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenyon's_political_manoeuvrings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kenyon's political manoeuvrings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenyon's_political_manoeuvrings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labour_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labour_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Labour concerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labour_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Result" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Result"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Result</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Result-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Lib-Lab_problem_after_the_by-election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Lib-Lab_problem_after_the_by-election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>The Lib-Lab problem after the by-election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Lib-Lab_problem_after_the_by-election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Other sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> The <b>1913 Chesterfield by-election</b> was a <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-election</a> held for the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">British House of Commons</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_constituencies" title="United Kingdom constituencies">constituency</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Chesterfield (UK Parliament constituency)">Chesterfield</a> in <a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a> on 20 August 1913. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vacancy_and_electoral_history">Vacancy and electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Chesterfield_by-election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Vacancy and electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The seat became vacant following the death of the constituency's Member of Parliament, James Haslam on 31 July 1913. Haslam had been the MP here since 1906. He was the Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Derbyshire_Miners%27_Association" title="Derbyshire Miners' Association">Derbyshire Miners' Association</a> who acted as his sponsor. He had been first elected to the seat as a Liberal or <a href="/wiki/Lib-Lab" class="mw-redirect" title="Lib-Lab">Lib-Lab</a> candidate and once in parliament, took the Liberal whip. Following a decision of the Miners Federation of Great Britain to affiliate to the Labour Party, all miners sponsored MPs were requested to take the Labour whip and contest the following election as a Labour Party candidate. Haslam complied with this request and at both the January and December 1910 general elections was re-elected as a Labour Party candidate without facing a Liberal opponent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kenyon's_selection_as_candidate"><span id="Kenyon.27s_selection_as_candidate"></span>Kenyon's selection as candidate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Chesterfield_by-election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Kenyon's selection as candidate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kenyon was a long-standing official of the Derbyshire Miners' Federation. When James Haslam announced in 1912 that he would not be standing again the Miners decided to nominate Kenyon to succeed him. Haslam died on 30 July 1913 creating a vacancy and a by-election. Although the Liberals had not opposed Haslam in 1906 or in either of the two general elections of 1910 they decided they would contest the next election and had earlier adopted <a href="/wiki/Alderman" title="Alderman">Alderman</a> George Eastwood, the President of Chesterfield Division Liberal Association. The Unionists adopted Edward Christie of <a href="/wiki/Hendon" title="Hendon">Hendon</a> and the Derbyshire Miners selected Barnet Kenyon, then treasurer of their Association and one of its most popular officials to be the Labour candidate. Kenyon's politics however can best be described as Lib-Lab and when Alderman Eastwood declined the Liberal nomination having been taken ill<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kenyon soon agreed to be adopted officially by the Liberals too. This decision soon proved problematic for the Miners Federation and for the Labour and Liberal parties. The position was to be referred to the <a href="/wiki/Miners%27_Federation_of_Great_Britain" title="Miners' Federation of Great Britain">Miners' Federation of Great Britain</a> and the Derbyshire Miners' Association.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This apparent return to outright Lib-Labbery was resented by the socialists who appealed to <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_headquarters_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Party headquarters (UK)">Labour headquarters</a> to intervene.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outcome was expected to be that if the position could not be resolved, Labour would seek to adopt a new candidate to oppose Kenyon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liberal_compromise">Liberal compromise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Chesterfield_by-election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Liberal compromise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 8 August, the Liberals were attempting a compromise, saying they would not formally adopt Kenyon but would rely on his nomination as the Miners' candidate in the expectation he would take the Liberal whip once elected to Parliament. In return he would be known as the Labour-Progressive member and would have full freedom to speak and vote as he wished on issues affecting mining and labour. This was seen as a climb down by many Liberals to avoid the possibility of the national Labour party putting up a rival candidate. Despite an attack on Kenyon's conduct in regard to the nomination for the by-election in the publication <i>Labour Leader</i>, Labour Party headquarters in London was reported to be satisfied with the Liberal Party compromise position, and at this point Ramsay MacDonald announced he would support Kenyon's candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few days later, Kenyon was being described as the 'Liberal and Labour' candidate in the press but many Liberals in Chesterfield were unhappy at the way he seemed to be ignoring the Liberal side of his programme in favour of labour and mining issues and was apparently refusing to use the word Liberal in his campaign or at his election meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Times,_11.8.13_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times,_11.8.13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_National_Insurance_Act_controversy">The National Insurance Act controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Chesterfield_by-election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The National Insurance Act controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An issue which had a direct impact on the election was the working of the <a href="/wiki/National_Insurance_Act_1911" title="National Insurance Act 1911">National Insurance Act 1911</a>, which came into effect in 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This legislation was a key component of the social reforms introduced by the Liberal government after 1908 which also included the first <a href="/wiki/Old_Age_Pensions_Act_1908" title="Old Age Pensions Act 1908">Old Age Pensions</a>. The Act covered sickness, invalidity and unemployment benefits and brought real improvement in getting access to a doctor for poorer patients.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, regulations which the Insurance Commissioners (the body of civil servants responsible for administering the legislation) had introduced were believed to be adversely affecting many patients. The government had decided not to treat medical associations which were <a href="/wiki/Friendly_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Friendly societies">friendly societies</a> in the same way as panel doctors, i.e. doctors agreeing to treat patients under the provisions of the Act. Most doctors who took panel patients also continued to treat private patients who paid their own costs. The panel system did not however operate in Chesterfield where the medical association performed a similar role.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Times,_16.8.13_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times,_16.8.13-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision not to put the association on an equal footing with panel doctors must have seemed to those who had insured themselves against sickness through their medical associations, a deliberate attempt to penalise the friendly societies. It could also have been viewed as an attack on the traditional Liberal concept of <a href="/wiki/Self-help" title="Self-help">self-help</a>. The Chesterfield Medical Association, a local friendly society, which was variously reported to have had 4,000 or 7,000 members many of whom were Liberal voters, were incensed at the new regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Times,_11.8.13_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times,_11.8.13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was even a realistic prospect of an independent candidate being put up to fight on the health insurance issue,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although negotiation with government to gain concessions was preferred and a meeting was hastily arranged at the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> between a deputation from the Chesterfield Medical Association and <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a> the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Financial Secretary to the Treasury">Financial Secretary to the Treasury</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Masterman" title="Charles Masterman">Charles Masterman</a>. While the threat of an independent medical association candidate receded, resentment remained high and the association members were urged not to vote for Kenyon.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Times,_14.8.13_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times,_14.8.13-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Socialist_candidate_in_the_field">Socialist candidate in the field</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Chesterfield_by-election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Socialist candidate in the field"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite their earlier willingness to accept Kenyon as the Labour representative, the executive committee of the national Labour party at a meeting at their Victoria Street headquarters in London passed a resolution on 12 August 1913 repudiating Kenyon as an official Labour candidate on the grounds that he was not conducting his campaign in accordance with the Labour Party constitution. This decision caused some disquiet to Labour supporters of Kenyon in the constituency as it now seemed distinctly possible that an official Labour candidate would be put up.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were right to be concerned because on 14 August, just two days before close of nominations, a meeting of trade unionists and socialists in Chesterfield voted to put up <a href="/wiki/John_Scurr" title="John Scurr">John Scurr</a>, Chairman of the London District Committee, <a href="/wiki/Dock,_Wharf,_Riverside_and_General_Labourers%27_Union" title="Dock, Wharf, Riverside and General Labourers' Union">Dock, Wharf, Riverside and General Labourers' Union</a> to be Labour and Socialist candidate at the by-election.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Times,_14.8.13_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times,_14.8.13-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scurr had fought a Parliamentary election as a socialist before, at <a href="/wiki/South_West_Bethnal_Green_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="South West Bethnal Green (UK Parliament constituency)">South West Bethnal Green</a> in 1911 where he came bottom of the poll by a long margin.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was to contest the same seat again in 1914 and he also fought at <a href="/wiki/Ipswich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Ipswich (UK Parliament constituency)">Ipswich</a> in 1914. Scurr later became an Alderman on <a href="/wiki/Poplar_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Poplar Borough Council">Poplar Borough Council</a> and was imprisoned in the controversial rates case there in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later won a seat on the <a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a> and became Labour MP for <a href="/wiki/Mile_End_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Mile End (UK Parliament constituency)">Mile End</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ramsay MacDonald in particular had turned against Kenyon. It was reported on 15 August that he had "...virtually declared war on Mr Kenyon and the many trade unionists like him who refused to cut themselves adrift from the Liberal Party." MacDonald had written to Kenyon criticising him for trying to be both Liberal and Labour at once and the Miners' Federation were warned that nominations of candidates like Kenyon was damaging the Labour Party nationally and compromising its existence as an independent party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kenyon's_political_manoeuvrings"><span id="Kenyon.27s_political_manoeuvrings"></span>Kenyon's political manoeuvrings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Chesterfield_by-election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Kenyon's political manoeuvrings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite his earlier reluctance to be associated too closely with the Liberal description, it was clear that Kenyon was really an out-and-out Liberal in beliefs and bound tightly to the Liberal organisation in Chesterfield, where the Liberal chairman was the chairman of Kenyon's campaign and the Liberal agent was Kenyon's election agent. He was also claimed by the Liberal Party nationally. On 16 August he got a letter of support from the Liberal prime minister <a href="/wiki/H_H_Asquith" class="mw-redirect" title="H H Asquith">H H Asquith</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_Times,_16.8.13_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times,_16.8.13-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as from <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a> and the former Liberal candidate Alderman Eastwood spoke for him at his eve of poll meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So it seems likely that Kenyon's trying to distance himself from the Liberal Party earlier in the campaign was not because he was ashamed of his Liberal connections or thought they would be damaging to his prospects of election but was rather an attempt to persuade the Labour Party from looking too closely at his real affiliations.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On top of this the main motive of the Derbyshire Miners was to elect a man from within their ranks to represent their interests at Westminster. They did not welcome the intrusions into their independence from Liberal or Labour organisations locally or nationally<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Kenyon was probably trying to accommodate these sensibilities while obtaining the right levels of support from those best placed to help get him elected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labour_concerns">Labour concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Chesterfield_by-election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Labour concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Against the background of the Liberal and Labour electoral truce in the Chesterfield constituency since 1903 and the history of Lib-Lab cooperation since the late 19th century, Liberal and Labour sympathies remained high and it was a fact that the Miners' Federation was filled with men like Kenyon who were working-class Liberals, with links to the party through <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">nonconformity</a> and other radical causes. Labour needed the <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unions">trade unions</a> as their industrial arm and had to fight hard against their traditional close association with the Liberal Party if Labour were to remain a viable, independent political force. There was a real fear that miners' organisations, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a> could disaffiliate from Labour and revert to their earlier loyalty to the Liberal Party.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time it was by no means inevitable that Labour would replace the Liberals as the main progressive force in the British political system, hence the disquiet when candidates like Kenyon wanted to play both Liberal and Labour cards together and as the Liberals maintained their connection with the Labour movement across Derbyshire in the 1910s and 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Result">Result</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Chesterfield_by-election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Result"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The result of the election was a triumph for Kenyon. He topped the poll with a majority of 2,186 over the Unionist candidate Edward Christie while John Scurr received only 583 votes. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barnet_Kenyon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/88/Barnet_Kenyon.jpg/130px-Barnet_Kenyon.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/88/Barnet_Kenyon.jpg/195px-Barnet_Kenyon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/88/Barnet_Kenyon.jpg/260px-Barnet_Kenyon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>Barnet Kenyon</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Chesterfield by-election, 1913 Electorate 16,995 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#FFD700; width:5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/Barnet_Kenyon" title="Barnet Kenyon">Barnet Kenyon</a> </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>7,725 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b>55.8 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; margin-right:0.5em"><b> </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unionist Party (UK)">Unionist</a> </td> <td class="fn">Edward Christie </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">5,539 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">40.0 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #FFBBBB; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Labour">Independent Labour</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Scurr" title="John Scurr">John Scurr</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">583 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">4.2 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><i>New</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">Majority </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">2,186 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">15.8 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><i>N/A</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Turnout</a> </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">13,847 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">81.5 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background-color: #FFD700"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> <b>gain</b> from <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The result was much better than Kenyon or other commentators had expected and despite all the furore his candidacy had created Kenyon seemed to have been able to appeal to all element of progressive opinion in the constituency, gaining working class mining votes as well the support of middle-class Liberals.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Times,_22.8.13_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times,_22.8.13-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kenyon remained MP for Chesterfield until standing down at the <a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929 general election</a> on the grounds of declining health at the age of 76. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Lib-Lab_problem_after_the_by-election">The Lib-Lab problem after the by-election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Chesterfield_by-election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Lib-Lab problem after the by-election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dispute between the Derbyshire Miners and Labour rumbled on after the poll. A meeting of the Derbyshire Miners' Council unanimously passed a resolution critical of the Labour Party stance towards Kenyon's adoption after it had first been authorised by the party and the Miners' Federation and ordered the resolution be sent to Labour headquarters for an enquiry.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By December 1913, <i>The Times</i> was reporting that there seemed little prospect of patching up the quarrel between the Miners and the Labour Party and disaffiliation of the Miners' Federation from the party in the New Year was likely.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was some inconclusive discussion at the Miners' Federation executive meeting at <a href="/wiki/Southport" title="Southport">Southport</a> in January 1914<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the issue flared up again the following month when Kenyon refused to join the independent Labour group in Parliament and formally confirmed that he wished to be known as 'Liberal and Labour'.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This action, which might have been anticipated given all that gone on around his candidacy in the by-election, seems to have taken the Derbyshire Miners by surprise (or perhaps presented left-wing elements within the organisation with an opportunity) because they convened a special meeting in response to Kenyon's announcement and were considering calling on him to resign his seat or sever his connections with the union, including giving up the house he occupied as an official of the Federation. According to the press report, the attack on Kenyon was being orchestrated by younger, perhaps more Labour Party oriented members and Kenyon was expected to gain his support from the older officials of the union, presumably those of more traditional and Liberal leanings.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Miners' Federation made their choice between Labour and Liberal soon afterwards when they decided that all future Parliamentary candidates endorsed by the union must fight on strictly Labour lines and while it is not clear if they called on Kenyon to stand down from the House of Commons at that point, it was implicit that they would put up another Miners' candidate against him at the next election.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Chesterfield_by-election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Labour Party accepted the situation in Chesterfield and despite its initial threats never fielded a candidate against Kenyon. The success of Kenyon standing as a local miners backed Liberal candidate, had a knock-on effect elsewhere in the country. In 1914 three miners MPs who had first sat in the House as Liberals, before switching to Labour, re-took the Liberal whip. In 1914 at a further two by-elections in mining constituencies, Labour candidates finished bottom of the poll due to miners preferring to vote for Liberal candidates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Chesterfield_by-election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1914_North_East_Derbyshire_by-election" title="1914 North East Derbyshire by-election">1914 North East Derbyshire by-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_North_West_Durham_by-election" title="1914 North West Durham by-election">1914 North West Durham by-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1900%E2%80%931918)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1900–1918)">List of United Kingdom by-elections (1900–1918)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Chesterfield_by-election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 7 August 1913</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 23 July 1913</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 2 August 1913</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 8 August 1913</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Times,_11.8.13-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Times,_11.8.13_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Times,_11.8.13_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 11 August 1913</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Carrier & Ian Kendall <i>Health and the National Health Service: Conflict and Change in Britain a New Audit</i>, Continuum International Publishing Group, 1998, p88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ann Digby <i>The Evolution of British Private Practice, 1850–1948</i>, OUP, 1999 p.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Times,_16.8.13-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Times,_16.8.13_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Times,_16.8.13_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 16 August 1913</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times, 12.8.13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Times,_14.8.13-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Times,_14.8.13_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Times,_14.8.13_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 14 August 1913</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 13 August 1913</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times, 31.7.11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 29 August 1921</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 11 July 1932</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Douglas_(academic)" title="Roy Douglas (academic)">Roy Douglas</a> <i>The History of the Liberal Party: 1895–1970</i>, Sidwick & Jackson, 1971, pp. 87–88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 15.8.13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 19 August 1913</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chris Cook <i>The Age of Alignment: Electoral Politics in Britain, 1922–29</i>, Macmillan, 1975, p47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M Kinnear <i>The British Voter: An Atlas and Survey since 1885</i>, Cornell University Press, 1968, p.118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Times,_22.8.13-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Times,_22.8.13_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 22 August 1913</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 25.8.13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 23 December 1913</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 14 January 1914</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 20 February 1914</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 23 February 1914</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 12 May 1914</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Chesterfield_by-election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Derbyshire Miners: A Study in Industrial and Social History</i> by James Eccles Williams, published by Allen and Unwin, 1962</li> <li><i>The Electoral Position of the Liberal and Labour Parties, 1910–1914</i>, P. F. Clarke in The English Historical Review, Vol. 90, No. 357 (Oct., 1975), pp. 828–836, Oxford University Press</li> <li><i>Why Was There No Marxism in Great Britain?</i>, Ross McKibbin in The English Historical Review, Vol. 99, No. 391 (Apr., 1984), pp. 297–331, Oxford University Press</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clownevillage.co.uk/coop/coop-history.htm">For Kenyon's involvement in the Cooperative Movement at Clown</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp63542">to see two photographic images of Kenyon in the National Portrait Gallery</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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3.5em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1900%E2%80%931918)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1900–1918)">By-elections</a> to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the December 1910 United Kingdom general election">30th Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">» <i><a href="/wiki/Template:By-elections_to_the_31st_UK_Parliament" title="Template:By-elections to the 31st UK Parliament">31st Parliament</a></i> »</span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1911</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>February: <a href="/wiki/1911_Arfon_by-election" title="1911 Arfon by-election">Arfon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Cambridge_University_by-election" title="1911 Cambridge University by-election">Cambridge University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Horncastle_by-election" title="1911 Horncastle by-election">Horncastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Westbury_by-election" title="1911 Westbury by-election">Westbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Forest_of_Dean_by-election" title="1911 Forest of Dean by-election">Forest of Dean</a></li> <li>March: <a href="/wiki/1911_North_East_Lanarkshire_by-election" title="1911 North East Lanarkshire by-election">North East Lanarkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Brentford_by-election" title="1911 Brentford by-election">Brentford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Bootle_by-election" title="1911 Bootle by-election">Bootle</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1911_Haddingtonshire_by-election" title="1911 Haddingtonshire by-election">Haddingtonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Cheltenham_by-election" title="1911 Cheltenham by-election">Cheltenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_East_Dorset_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="1911 East Dorset by-election">East Dorset</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1911_Birmingham_South_by-election" title="1911 Birmingham South by-election">Birmingham South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Barnstaple_by-election" title="1911 Barnstaple by-election">Barnstaple</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1911_Ross_and_Cromarty_by-election" title="1911 Ross and Cromarty by-election">Ross & Cromarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Brighton_by-election" title="1911 Brighton by-election">Brighton</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1911_Kingston_upon_Hull_Central_by-election" title="1911 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election">Kingston upon Hull Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Glasgow_Tradeston_by-election" title="1911 Glasgow Tradeston by-election">Glasgow Tradeston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_St_Augustine%27s_by-election" title="1911 St Augustine's by-election">St Augustine's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_West_Ham_North_by-election" title="1911 West Ham North by-election">West Ham North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_East_Wicklow_by-election" title="1911 East Wicklow by-election">East Wicklow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_North_East_Cork_by-election" title="1911 North East Cork by-election">North East Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_East_Cork_by-election" title="1911 East Cork by-election">East Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Luton_by-election" title="1911 Luton by-election">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Wellington_by-election" title="1911 Wellington by-election">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Bethnal_Green_South_West_by-election" title="1911 Bethnal Green South West by-election">Bethnal Green South West</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/1911_Middleton_by-election" title="1911 Middleton by-election">Middleton</a></li> <li>September: <a href="/wiki/1911_Kilmarnock_Burghs_by-election" title="1911 Kilmarnock Burghs by-election">Kilmarnock Burghs</a></li> <li>October: <a href="/wiki/1911_North_Tyrone_by-election" title="1911 North Tyrone by-election">North Tyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Keighley_by-election" title="1911 Keighley by-election">Keighley</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1911_Bristol_East_by-election" title="1911 Bristol East by-election">Bristol East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Oldham_by-election" title="1911 Oldham by-election">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_South_Somerset_by-election" title="1911 South Somerset by-election">South Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Hitchin_by-election" title="1911 Hitchin by-election">Hitchin</a></li> <li>December: <a href="/wiki/1911_North_Ayrshire_by-election" title="1911 North Ayrshire by-election">North Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Govan_by-election" title="1911 Govan by-election">Govan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1912</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>January: <a href="/wiki/1912_Carmarthen_District_by-election" title="1912 Carmarthen District by-election">Carmarthen District</a></li> <li>February: <a href="/wiki/1912_Edinburgh_East_by-election" title="1912 Edinburgh East by-election">Edinburgh East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Glasgow_St_Rollox_by-election" title="1912 Glasgow St Rollox by-election">Glasgow St Rollox</a></li> <li>March: <a href="/wiki/1912_Manchester_South_by-election" title="1912 Manchester South by-election">Manchester South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Hereford_by-election" title="1912 Hereford by-election">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_South_East_Essex_by-election" title="1912 South East Essex by-election">South East Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Leominster_by-election" title="1912 Leominster by-election">Leominster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Epsom_by-election" title="1912 Epsom by-election">Epsom</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1912_Nottingham_East_by-election" title="1912 Nottingham East by-election">Nottingham East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Forest_of_Dean_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 Forest of Dean by-election">Forest of Dean</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1912_Hackney_South_by-election" title="1912 Hackney South by-election">Hackney South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_North_West_Norfolk_by-election" title="1912 North West Norfolk by-election">North West Norfolk</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1912_Hythe_by-election" title="1912 Hythe by-election">Hythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Holmfirth_by-election" title="1912 Holmfirth by-election">Holmfirth</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1912_Ilkeston_by-election" title="1912 Ilkeston by-election">Ilkeston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Hanley_by-election" title="1912 Hanley by-election">Hanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Crewe_by-election" title="1912 Crewe by-election">Crewe</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/1912_Manchester_North_West_by-election" title="1912 Manchester North West by-election">Manchester North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_East_Carmarthenshire_by-election" title="1912 East Carmarthenshire by-election">East Carmarthenshire</a></li> <li>September: <a href="/wiki/1912_Midlothian_by-election" title="1912 Midlothian by-election">Midlothian</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1912_Taunton_by-election" title="1912 Taunton by-election">Taunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Bolton_by-election" title="1912 Bolton by-election">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Bow_and_Bromley_by-election" title="1912 Bow and Bromley by-election">Bow & Bromley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1913</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>January: <a href="/wiki/1913_Flint_Boroughs_by-election" title="1913 Flint Boroughs by-election">Flint Boroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Londonderry_City_by-election" title="1913 Londonderry City by-election">Londonderry City</a></li> <li>February: <a href="/wiki/1913_East_Waterford_by-election" title="1913 East Waterford by-election">East Waterford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_East_Antrim_by-election" title="1913 East Antrim by-election">East Antrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Chorley_by-election" title="1913 Chorley by-election">Chorley</a></li> <li>March: <a href="/wiki/1913_Houghton-le-Spring_by-election" title="1913 Houghton-le-Spring by-election">Houghton-le-Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Kendal_by-election" title="1913 Kendal by-election">Kendal</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1913_Shrewsbury_by-election" title="1913 Shrewsbury by-election">Shrewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Whitechapel_by-election" title="1913 Whitechapel by-election">Whitechapel</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1913_Newmarket_by-election" title="1913 Newmarket by-election">Newmarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Altrincham_by-election" title="1913 Altrincham by-election">Altrincham</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1913_Leix_by-election" title="1913 Leix by-election">Leix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Wandsworth_by-election" title="1913 Wandsworth by-election">Wandsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Dover_by-election" title="1913 Dover by-election">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Leicester_by-election" title="1913 Leicester by-election">Leicester</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1913_St_George%27s,_Hanover_Square_by-election" title="1913 St George's, Hanover Square by-election">St George's, Hanover Square</a></li> <li>August: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chesterfield</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1913_North_Cork_by-election" title="1913 North Cork by-election">North Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Linlithgowshire_by-election" title="1913 Linlithgowshire by-election">Linlithgowshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Reading_by-election" title="1913 Reading by-election">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Keighley_by-election" title="1913 Keighley by-election">Keighley</a></li> <li>December: <a href="/wiki/1913_Wick_Burghs_by-election" title="1913 Wick Burghs by-election">Wick Burghs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_South_Lanarkshire_by-election" title="1913 South Lanarkshire by-election">South Lanarkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>January: <a href="/wiki/1914_North_West_Durham_by-election" title="1914 North West Durham by-election">North West Durham</a></li> <li>February: <a href="/wiki/1914_Wycombe_by-election" title="1914 Wycombe by-election">Wycombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Cork_City_by-election" title="1914 Cork City by-election">Cork City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Bethnal_Green_South_West_by-election" title="1914 Bethnal Green South West by-election">Bethnal Green South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Poplar_by-election" title="1914 Poplar by-election">Poplar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Leith_Burghs_by-election" title="1914 Leith Burghs by-election">Leith Burghs</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1914_Belfast_East_by-election" title="1914 Belfast East by-election">Belfast East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_East_Fife_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="1914 East Fife by-election">East Fife</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1914_Great_Grimsby_by-election" title="1914 Great Grimsby by-election">Great Grimsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_North_East_Derbyshire_by-election" title="1914 North East Derbyshire by-election">North East Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Ipswich_by-election" title="1914 Ipswich by-election">Ipswich</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1914_Brighton_by-election" title="1914 Brighton by-election">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Oxford_University_by-election" title="1914 Oxford University by-election">Oxford University</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1914_Birmingham_West_by-election" title="1914 Birmingham West by-election">Birmingham West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_East_Worcestershire_by-election" title="1914 East Worcestershire by-election">East Worcestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_North_Galway_by-election" title="1914 North Galway by-election">North Galway</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/1914_Swansea_District_by-election" title="1914 Swansea District by-election">Swansea District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_West_Wicklow_by-election" title="1914 West Wicklow by-election">West Wicklow</a></li> <li>September: <a href="/wiki/1914_Bolton_by-election" title="1914 Bolton by-election">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_The_Hartlepools_by-election" title="1914 The Hartlepools by-election">The Hartlepools</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1914_Londonderry_City_by-election" title="1914 Londonderry City by-election">Londonderry City</a></li> <li>December: <a href="/wiki/1914_East_Galway_by-election" title="1914 East Galway by-election">East Galway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Tullamore_by-election" title="1914 Tullamore by-election">Tullamore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Sheffield_Attercliffe_by-election" title="1914 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election">Sheffield Attercliffe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1915</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>February: <a href="/wiki/1915_Norwich_by-election" title="1915 Norwich by-election">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Swansea_District_by-election" title="1915 Swansea District by-election">Swansea District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Scarborough_by-election" title="1915 Scarborough by-election">Scarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Shipley_by-election" title="1915 Shipley by-election">Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Howdenshire_by-election" title="1915 Howdenshire by-election">Howdenshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Thirsk_and_Malton_by-election" title="1915 Thirsk and Malton by-election">Thirsk & Malton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Wigtownshire_by-election" title="1915 Wigtownshire by-election">Wigtownshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Chesterton_by-election" title="1915 Chesterton by-election">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Saffron_Walden_by-election" title="1915 Saffron Walden by-election">Saffron Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Liverpool_Kirkdale_by-election" title="1915 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election">Liverpool Kirkdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Mid_Antrim_by-election" title="1915 Mid Antrim by-election">Mid Antrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Maidstone_by-election" title="1915 Maidstone by-election">Maidstone</a></li> <li>March: <a href="/wiki/1915_Carmarthen_Boroughs_by-election" title="1915 Carmarthen Boroughs by-election">Carmarthen Boroughs</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1915_Mid_Durham_by-election" title="1915 Mid Durham by-election">Mid Durham</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1915_Kilmarnock_Burghs_by-election" title="1915 Kilmarnock Burghs by-election">Kilmarnock Burghs</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1915_Preston_by-election" title="1915 Preston by-election">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Dublin_College_Green_by-election" title="1915 Dublin College Green by-election">Dublin College Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_North_Tipperary_by-election" title="1915 North Tipperary by-election">North Tipperary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Keighley_by-election" title="1915 Keighley by-election">Keighley</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1915_Arfon_by-election" title="1915 Arfon by-election">Arfon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Glasgow_Central_by-election" title="1915 Glasgow Central by-election">Glasgow Central</a></li> <li>October: <a href="/wiki/1915_Dublin_Harbour_by-election" title="1915 Dublin Harbour by-election">Dublin Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Appleby_by-election" title="1915 Appleby by-election">Appleby</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1915_Heywood_by-election" title="1915 Heywood by-election">Heywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Uxbridge_by-election" title="1915 Uxbridge by-election">Uxbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Cardiff_by-election" title="1915 Cardiff by-election">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Kingston_by-election" title="1915 Kingston by-election">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_St_Helens_by-election" title="1915 St Helens by-election">St Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_St_Austell_by-election" title="1915 St Austell by-election">St Austell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Merthyr_Tydfil_by-election" title="1915 Merthyr Tydfil by-election">Merthyr Tydfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Tiverton_by-election" title="1915 Tiverton by-election">Tiverton</a></li> <li>December: <a href="/wiki/1915_Cleveland_by-election" title="1915 Cleveland by-election">Cleveland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1916</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>January: <a href="/wiki/1916_Newington_West_by-election" title="1916 Newington West by-election">Newington West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_St_George%27s,_Hanover_Square_by-election" title="1916 St George's, Hanover Square by-election">St George's, Hanover Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Portsmouth_by-election" title="1916 Portsmouth by-election">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_North_West_Staffordshire_by-election" title="1916 North West Staffordshire by-election">North West Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Chesterton_by-election" title="1916 Chesterton by-election">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Bradford_Central_by-election" title="1916 Bradford Central by-election">Bradford Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Mile_End_by-election" title="1916 Mile End by-election">Mile End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Rotherham_by-election" title="1916 Rotherham by-election">Rotherham</a></li> <li>February: <a href="/wiki/1916_Liverpool_East_Toxteth_by-election" title="1916 Liverpool East Toxteth by-election">Liverpool East Toxteth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_North_Louth_by-election" title="1916 North Louth by-election">North Louth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_South_Tyrone_by-election" title="1916 South Tyrone by-election">South Tyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Bolton_by-election" title="1916 Bolton by-election">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Chester_by-election" title="1916 Chester by-election">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Droitwich_by-election" title="1916 Droitwich by-election">Droitwich</a></li> <li>March: <a href="/wiki/1916_Cockermouth_by-election" title="1916 Cockermouth by-election">Cockermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Hertford_by-election" title="1916 Hertford by-election">Hertford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_South_Shields_by-election" title="1916 South Shields by-election">South Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Harborough_by-election" title="1916 Harborough by-election">Harborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Hyde_by-election" title="1916 Hyde by-election">Hyde</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1916_Wimbledon_by-election" title="1916 Wimbledon by-election">Wimbledon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Dublin_University_by-election" title="1916 Dublin University by-election">Dublin University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Ossory_by-election" title="1916 Ossory by-election">Ossory</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1916_Tewkesbury_by-election" title="1916 Tewkesbury by-election">Tewkesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_South_Londonderry_by-election" title="1916 South Londonderry by-election">South Londonderry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Widnes_by-election" title="1916 Widnes by-election">Widnes</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1916_Berwickshire_by-election" title="1916 Berwickshire by-election">Berwickshire</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/1916_Bodmin_by-election" title="1916 Bodmin by-election">Bodmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Berwick-upon-Tweed_by-election" title="1916 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election">Berwick-upon-Tweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Colne_Valley_by-election" title="1916 Colne Valley by-election">Colne Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Abingdon_by-election" title="1916 Abingdon by-election">Abingdon</a></li> <li>September: <a href="/wiki/1916_Mansfield_by-election" title="1916 Mansfield by-election">Mansfield</a></li> <li>October: <a href="/wiki/1916_North_Ayrshire_by-election" title="1916 North Ayrshire by-election">North Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_St_Pancras_West_by-election" title="1916 St Pancras West by-election">St Pancras West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Winchester_by-election" title="1916 Winchester by-election">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_North_Fermanagh_by-election" title="1916 North Fermanagh by-election">North Fermanagh</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1916_West_Cork_by-election" title="1916 West Cork by-election">West Cork</a></li> <li>December: <a href="/wiki/1916_Hornsey_by-election" title="1916 Hornsey by-election">Hornsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Ashton-under-Lyne_by-election" title="1916 Ashton-under-Lyne by-election">Ashton-under-Lyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Sheffield_Hallam_by-election" title="1916 Sheffield Hallam by-election">Sheffield Hallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Whitechapel_by-election" title="1916 Whitechapel by-election">Whitechapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Derby_by-election" title="1916 Derby by-election">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Edinburgh_and_St_Andrews_Universities_by-election" title="1916 Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities by-election">Edinburgh & St Andrews Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1917</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>January: <a href="/wiki/1917_Inverness-shire_by-election" title="1917 Inverness-shire by-election">Inverness-shire</a></li> <li>February: <a href="/wiki/1917_North_Roscommon_by-election" title="1917 North Roscommon by-election">North Roscommon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1917_Dublin_University_by-election" title="February 1917 Dublin University by-election">Dublin University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Rotherham_by-election" title="1917 Rotherham by-election">Rotherham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Rossendale_by-election" title="1917 Rossendale by-election">Rossendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_West_Perthshire_by-election" title="1917 West Perthshire by-election">West Perthshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Tamworth_by-election" title="1917 Tamworth by-election">Tamworth</a></li> <li>March: <a href="/wiki/1917_Stockton-on-Tees_by-election" title="1917 Stockton-on-Tees by-election">Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Oxford_by-election" title="1917 Oxford by-election">Oxford</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1917_Aberdeen_South_by-election" title="1917 Aberdeen South by-election">Aberdeen South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1917_Belfast_South_by-election" title="April 1917 Belfast South by-election">Belfast South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Ealing_by-election" title="1917 Ealing by-election">Ealing</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1917_South_Longford_by-election" title="1917 South Longford by-election">South Longford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Edinburgh_South_by-election" title="1917 Edinburgh South by-election">Edinburgh South</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1917_Epping_by-election" title="1917 Epping by-election">Epping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Henley_by-election" title="1917 Henley by-election">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Liverpool_Abercromby_by-election" title="1917 Liverpool Abercromby by-election">Liverpool Abercromby</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/July_1917_Belfast_South_by-election" title="July 1917 Belfast South by-election">Belfast South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Fulham_by-election" title="1917 Fulham by-election">Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_South_Dublin_by-election" title="1917 South Dublin by-election">South Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_East_Clare_by-election" title="1917 East Clare by-election">East Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_South_Monmouthshire_by-election" title="1917 South Monmouthshire by-election">South Monmouthshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Cambridge_by-election" title="1917 Cambridge by-election">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Chesterton_by-election" title="1917 Chesterton by-election">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Dundee_by-election" title="1917 Dundee by-election">Dundee</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/1917_Edinburgh_and_St_Andrews_Universities_by-election" title="1917 Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities by-election">Edinburgh & St Andrews Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Kilkenny_City_by-election" title="1917 Kilkenny City by-election">Kilkenny City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Norwich_by-election" title="1917 Norwich by-election">Norwich</a></li> <li>October: <a href="/wiki/October_1917_Dublin_University_by-election" title="October 1917 Dublin University by-election">Dublin University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Islington_East_by-election" title="1917 Islington East by-election">Islington East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Spalding_by-election" title="1917 Spalding by-election">Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Basingstoke_by-election" title="1917 Basingstoke by-election">Basingstoke</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1917_Salford_North_by-election" title="1917 Salford North by-election">Salford North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_North_Armagh_by-election" title="1917 North Armagh by-election">North Armagh</a></li> <li>December: <a href="/wiki/1917_Wisbech_by-election" title="1917 Wisbech by-election">Wisbech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Southampton_by-election" title="1917 Southampton by-election">Southampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1918</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>January: <a href="/wiki/1918_Mid_Armagh_by-election" title="1918 Mid Armagh by-election">Mid Armagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1918_Prestwich_by-election" title="January 1918 Prestwich by-election">Prestwich</a></li> <li>February: <a href="/wiki/1918_South_Armagh_by-election" title="1918 South Armagh by-election">South Armagh</a></li> <li>March: <a href="/wiki/1918_Waterford_City_by-election" title="1918 Waterford City by-election">Waterford City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Manchester_South_by-election" title="1918 Manchester South by-election">Manchester South</a></li> <li>April: <a href="/wiki/1918_East_Tyrone_by-election" title="1918 East Tyrone by-election">East Tyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Tullamore_by-election" title="1918 Tullamore by-election">Tullamore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Birmingham_West_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="1918 Birmingham West by-election">Birmingham West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Keighley_by-election" title="1918 Keighley by-election">Keighley</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1918_Ross_by-election" title="1918 Ross by-election">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Exeter_by-election" title="1918 Exeter by-election">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Newcastle-upon-Tyne_by-election" title="1918 Newcastle-upon-Tyne by-election">Newcastle-upon-Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Wansbeck_by-election" title="1918 Wansbeck by-election">Wansbeck</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1918_Gravesend_by-election" title="1918 Gravesend by-election">Gravesend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Bridgwater_by-election" title="1918 Bridgwater by-election">Bridgwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_East_Cavan_by-election" title="1918 East Cavan by-election">East Cavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Clapham_by-election" title="1918 Clapham by-election">Clapham</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1918_Finsbury_East_by-election" title="1918 Finsbury East by-election">Finsbury East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Manchester_North_East_by-election" title="1918 Manchester North East by-election">Manchester North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Fareham_by-election" title="1918 Fareham by-election">Fareham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_East_Grinstead_by-election" title="1918 East Grinstead by-election">East Grinstead</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/1918_Canterbury_by-election" title="1918 Canterbury by-election">Canterbury</a></li> <li>September: <a href="/wiki/1918_Banbury_by-election" title="1918 Banbury by-election">Banbury</a></li> <li>October: <a href="/wiki/1918_St_George%27s,_Hanover_Square_by-election" title="1918 St George's, Hanover Square by-election">St George's, Hanover Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Bath_by-election" title="1918 Bath by-election">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Mid_Norfolk_by-election" title="1918 Mid Norfolk by-election">Mid Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Elgin_Burghs_by-election" title="1918 Elgin Burghs by-election">Elgin Burghs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_South_Shields_by-election" title="1918 South Shields by-election">South Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1918_Prestwich_by-election" title="October 1918 Prestwich by-election">Prestwich</a></li> <li>November: <a href="/wiki/1918_Wilton_by-election" title="1918 Wilton by-election">Wilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Lists of UK by-elections</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1801%E2%80%931806)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1801–1806)">1801–1806</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1806%E2%80%931818)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1806–1818)">1806–1818</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1818%E2%80%931832)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1818–1832)">1818–1832</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1832%E2%80%931847)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1832–1847)">1832–1847</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1847%E2%80%931857)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1847–1857)">1847–1857</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1857%E2%80%931868)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1857–1868)">1857–1868</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1868%E2%80%931885)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1868–1885)">1868–1885</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1885%E2%80%931900)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1885–1900)">1885–1900</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1900%E2%80%931918)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1900–1918)">1900–1918</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1918%E2%80%931931)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1918–1931)">1918–1931</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1931%E2%80%931950)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1931–1950)">1931–1950</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1950%E2%80%931979)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1950–1979)">1950–1979</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1979%E2%80%932010)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1979–2010)">1979–2010</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(2010%E2%80%93present)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (2010–present)">2010–present</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Northern_Ireland#Westminster_by-elections" title="Elections in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_House_of_Lords" title="By-elections to the House of Lords">Hereditary peers</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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