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href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/PackageKit" title="PackageKit – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="PackageKit" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/PackageKit" title="PackageKit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="PackageKit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/PackageKit" title="PackageKit – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="PackageKit" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PackageKit" title="PackageKit – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="PackageKit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%A8%ED%82%A4%EC%A7%80%ED%82%B7" title="패키지킷 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="패키지킷" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/PackageKit" title="PackageKit – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="PackageKit" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PackageKit" title="PackageKit – Dutch" lang="nl" 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data-title="PackageKit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PackageKit" title="PackageKit – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="PackageKit" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PackageKit" title="PackageKit – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="PackageKit" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PackageKit" title="PackageKit – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Free software</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with PackageKit.framework, a macOS component.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">PackageKit</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Packagekit.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Packagekit.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Linux_desktop_system_daemons_and_their_graphical_front-ends.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Linux_desktop_system_daemons_and_their_graphical_front-ends.svg/220px-Linux_desktop_system_daemons_and_their_graphical_front-ends.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Linux_desktop_system_daemons_and_their_graphical_front-ends.svg/330px-Linux_desktop_system_daemons_and_their_graphical_front-ends.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Linux_desktop_system_daemons_and_their_graphical_front-ends.svg/440px-Linux_desktop_system_daemons_and_their_graphical_front-ends.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">PackageKit is a system daemon, various graphical front-ends are available</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Richard Hughes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">2007<span class="noprint">; 18 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2007</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">1.3.0<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-b6270d881cefd5d3a2be86fb2fdd295ced1d0328-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-b6270d881cefd5d3a2be86fb2fdd295ced1d0328-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> / 16 June 2024<span class="noprint">; 9 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">16 June 2024</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/PackageKit<wbr />/PackageKit</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204382#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Package_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Package management system">Package management system</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedesktop.org/software/PackageKit/">www<wbr />.freedesktop<wbr />.org<wbr />/software<wbr />/PackageKit<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>PackageKit</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open-source">free and open-source</a> suite of <a href="/wiki/Software_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Software application">software applications</a> designed to provide a consistent and high-level <a href="/wiki/Abstraction_layer" title="Abstraction layer">abstraction layer</a> for a number of different <a href="/wiki/Package_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Package management system">package management systems</a>. PackageKit was created by Richard Hughes in 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and first introduced into an <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> as a default application in May 2008 with the release of <a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora</a> 9.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The suite is <a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">cross-platform</a>, though it is primarily targeted at <a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a> which follow the interoperability standards set out by the <a href="/wiki/Freedesktop.org" title="Freedesktop.org">freedesktop.org</a> group. It uses the <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">software libraries</a> provided by the <a href="/wiki/D-Bus" title="D-Bus">D-Bus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polkit" title="Polkit">Polkit</a> projects to handle inter-process communication and privilege negotiation respectively. </p><p>PackageKit seeks to introduce automatic updates without having to authenticate as root, fast-user-switching, warnings translated into the correct locale, common upstream GNOME and KDE tools and one software over multiple Linux distributions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although PackageKit is still maintained, no major features have been developed since around 2014, and the package's maintainer suggested that it could be replaced by plugins for other tools, such as <a href="/wiki/Flatpak" title="Flatpak">Flatpak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snap_(package_manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snap (package manager)">Snap</a> as they become more popular. However, a D-Bus interface would still be needed to support managing packages on mutable file systems.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software_architecture">Software architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PackageKit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Software architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PackageKit runs as a system-activated <a href="/wiki/Daemon_(computer_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daemon (computer software)">daemon</a>, named <code>packagekitd</code>, which abstracts out differences between the different systems. A library called <code>libpackagekit</code> allows other programs to interact with PackageKit.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Features include: </p> <ul><li>installing local files, ServicePack media and packages from remote sources</li> <li>authorization using <a href="/wiki/Polkit" title="Polkit">Polkit</a></li> <li>the use of existing packaging tools</li> <li>multi-user system awareness – it will not allow shutdown in critical parts of the transaction</li> <li>a system-activated daemon which exits when not in use</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Front-ends">Front-ends</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PackageKit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Front-ends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-packagekit_(gpk-application)_%2B_GNOME_PackageKit_Update_Viewer_(gpk-update-viewer)_%2B_GNOME_PackageKit_Software_Log_Viewer_(gpk-log)_all_in_version_3.32_released_2019-03.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gnome-packagekit_%28gpk-application%29_%2B_GNOME_PackageKit_Update_Viewer_%28gpk-update-viewer%29_%2B_GNOME_PackageKit_Software_Log_Viewer_%28gpk-log%29_all_in_version_3.32_released_2019-03.png/220px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gnome-packagekit_%28gpk-application%29_%2B_GNOME_PackageKit_Update_Viewer_%28gpk-update-viewer%29_%2B_GNOME_PackageKit_Software_Log_Viewer_%28gpk-log%29_all_in_version_3.32_released_2019-03.png/330px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gnome-packagekit_%28gpk-application%29_%2B_GNOME_PackageKit_Update_Viewer_%28gpk-update-viewer%29_%2B_GNOME_PackageKit_Software_Log_Viewer_%28gpk-log%29_all_in_version_3.32_released_2019-03.png/440px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>gnome-packagekit 3.32 (released in 2019-03)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><code>pkcon</code></b> is the official <a href="/wiki/Front_end_and_back_end" class="mw-redirect" title="Front end and back end">front-end</a> of PackageKit, it operates from the <a href="/wiki/Command_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Command line">command line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a>-based: </p> <ul><li><b>gnome-packagekit</b> is an official GNOME front-end for PackageKit. Unlike <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Software" title="GNOME Software">GNOME Software</a>, gnome-packagekit can handle all packages, not just applications, and has advanced features that are missing in GNOME Software as of June 2020.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Software" title="GNOME Software">GNOME Software</a> is a utility for installing the applications and updates on Linux. It is part of the <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Core_Applications" title="GNOME Core Applications">GNOME Core Applications</a> and was introduced in GNOME 3.10.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Qt_(software)" title="Qt (software)">Qt</a>-based: </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kpackagekit.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Apper"><img alt="Apper" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kpackagekit.png/120px-Kpackagekit.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kpackagekit.png/180px-Kpackagekit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kpackagekit.png/240px-Kpackagekit.png 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apper</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plasma-discover.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Discover"><img alt="Discover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Plasma-discover.png/120px-Plasma-discover.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Plasma-discover.png/250px-Plasma-discover.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="753" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discover_(software)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discover (software) (page does not exist)">Discover</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Back-ends">Back-ends</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PackageKit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Back-ends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of different <a href="/wiki/Package_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Package management system">package management systems</a> (known as back-ends) support different abstract methods and signals used by the front-end tools.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supported back-ends include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Packaging_Tool" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Packaging Tool">Advanced Packaging Tool</a> (APT)</li> <li>Conary</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libdnf_(software)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libdnf (software) (page does not exist)">libdnf</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Librepo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Librepo (page does not exist)">librepo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the libraries upon which <a href="/wiki/DNF_(software)" title="DNF (software)">DNF</a>, (the successor to <a href="/wiki/Yellowdog_Updater,_Modified" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellowdog Updater, Modified">yum</a>) builds</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entropy_(package_manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Entropy (package manager)">Entropy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opkg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opkg (page does not exist)">Opkg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacman_(package_manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacman (package manager)">pacman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PiSi" class="mw-redirect" title="PiSi">PiSi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portage_(software)" title="Portage (software)">Portage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Package_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart Package Manager">Smart Package Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urpmi" title="Urpmi">urpmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowdog_Updater,_Modified" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellowdog Updater, Modified">YUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZYpp" title="ZYpp">ZYpp</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PackageKit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PackageKit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-b6270d881cefd5d3a2be86fb2fdd295ced1d0328-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-b6270d881cefd5d3a2be86fb2fdd295ced1d0328-v18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/releases/tag/v1.3.0">"Release 1.3.0"</a>. 16 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Release+1.3.0&rft.date=2024-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FPackageKit%2FPackageKit%2Freleases%2Ftag%2Fv1.3.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APackageKit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.gnome.org/hughsie/2007/07/27/installing-and-updating-software-blows-goats/">"Installing and Updating Software Blows Goats"</a>. Richard Hughes. 27 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Installing+and+Updating+Software+Blows+Goats&rft.pub=Richard+Hughes&rft.date=2007-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.gnome.org%2Fhughsie%2F2007%2F07%2F27%2Finstalling-and-updating-software-blows-goats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APackageKit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.gnome.org/hughsie/?s=PackageKit">"Richard Hughes' blog posts about PackageKit"</a>. Richard Hughes<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+Hughes%27+blog+posts+about+PackageKit&rft.pub=Richard+Hughes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.gnome.org%2Fhughsie%2F%3Fs%3DPackageKit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APackageKit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/9/FeatureList">"Releases/9/FeatureList"</a>. <i>Fedora Project Wiki</i>. Fedora Project. 28 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fedora+Project+Wiki&rft.atitle=Releases%2F9%2FFeatureList&rft.date=2008-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffedoraproject.org%2Fwiki%2FReleases%2F9%2FFeatureList&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APackageKit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hughsie.com/public/introduction-to-packagekit.pdf">"Introduction to PackageKit, a Package Abstraction Framework"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Richard Hughes. 2008-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+PackageKit%2C+a+Package+Abstraction+Framework&rft.pub=Richard+Hughes&rft.date=2008-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hughsie.com%2Fpublic%2Fintroduction-to-packagekit.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APackageKit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.gnome.org/hughsie/2019/02/14/packagekit-is-dead-long-live-well-something-else/">"PackageKit is dead, long live, well, something else"</a>. Richard Hughes. 2019-02-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PackageKit+is+dead%2C+long+live%2C+well%2C+something+else&rft.pub=Richard+Hughes&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.gnome.org%2Fhughsie%2F2019%2F02%2F14%2Fpackagekit-is-dead-long-live-well-something-else%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APackageKit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090716015116/http://www.packagekit.org/gtk-doc/PkClient.html">"PackageKit Reference Manual"</a>. packagekit.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.packagekit.org/gtk-doc/PkClient.html">the original</a> on 16 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PackageKit+Reference+Manual&rft.pub=packagekit.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.packagekit.org%2Fgtk-doc%2FPkClient.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APackageKit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedesktop.org/software/PackageKit/pk-using.html">"HowTo use pkon"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HowTo+use+pkon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freedesktop.org%2Fsoftware%2FPackageKit%2Fpk-using.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APackageKit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080319143605/http://www.packagekit.org/pk-faq.html#how-complete">"Frequently asked questions"</a>. packagekit.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.packagekit.org/pk-faq.html#how-complete">the original</a> on 19 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+asked+questions&rft.pub=packagekit.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.packagekit.org%2Fpk-faq.html%23how-complete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APackageKit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/rpm-software-management/libdnf">"libdnf on github"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=libdnf+on+github&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Frpm-software-management%2Flibdnf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APackageKit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/rpm-software-management/librepo">"librepo on github"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=librepo+on+github&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Frpm-software-management%2Flibrepo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APackageKit" 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dpkg" title="Dpkg">dpkg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APT_(software)" title="APT (software)">APT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KPackage" title="KPackage">KPackage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synaptic_(software)" title="Synaptic (software)">Synaptic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Software_Center" title="Ubuntu Software Center">Ubuntu Software Center</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptitude_(software)" title="Aptitude (software)">aptitude</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dselect" class="mw-redirect" title="Dselect">dselect</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RPM_Package_Manager" title="RPM Package Manager">RPM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Front-ends</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Autopackage" title="Autopackage">Autopackage</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listaller" title="Listaller">Listaller</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PackageKit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Software" title="GNOME Software">GNOME Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apper" class="mw-redirect" title="Apper">Apper</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppStream" title="AppStream">AppStream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_format" title="Package format">Package format</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NewTux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/12px-NewTux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/19px-NewTux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/25px-NewTux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Linux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/15px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/23px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/30px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_software_package_management_systems" title="List of software package management systems">List</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Package_management_systems" title="Category:Package management systems">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_file_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9c/Symbol_file_class.svg/20px-Symbol_file_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9c/Symbol_file_class.svg/40px-Symbol_file_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Package_management_systems" class="extiw" title="commons:Package management systems">Commons</a></b><br /></li> <li><i>Italics</i> indicates a discontinued or inactive package management system.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_and_open-source_software_projects_hosted_by_freedesktop.org180" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Freedesktop.org" title="Template:Freedesktop.org"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Freedesktop.org" title="Template talk:Freedesktop.org"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Freedesktop.org" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Freedesktop.org"><abbr title="Edit this 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</div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>17 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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