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of Algerian reinsurance</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: demand trend of Algerian reinsurance"> <meta name="keywords" content="demand trend of Algerian reinsurance"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research 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method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="demand trend of Algerian reinsurance"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5313</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: demand trend of Algerian reinsurance</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5313</span> Analytical Approach to Reinsurance in Algeria as an Emerging Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesrine%20Bouzaher">Nesrine Bouzaher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okba%20Necira"> Okba Necira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The financial aspect of the Algerian economy is part of all sectors that have undergone great changes these two last decades; the goal is to enable economic mechanisms for real growth. Insurance is an indispensable tool for stabilizing these mechanisms. Therefore the national economy needs to develop the insurance market in order to support the investments, externally and internally; it turns out that reinsurance is one of the area which could prove their performance in several markets mainly emerging ones. The expansion of reinsurance in the domestic market is the preoccupation of this work, focusing on factors that could enhance the demand of reinsurance in the Algerian market. This work will be based on an analytical research of the economic contribution of the reinsurance and it’s collusion with insurance; market, then it will be necessary to provide an overview of the product in the national emerging market, finally we will try to investigate on the factors that could enhance the demand in the national reinsurance market so as to determine the potential of Algeria in this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algerian%20reinsurance%20data" title="Algerian reinsurance data">Algerian reinsurance data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20trend%20of%20Algerian%20reinsurance" title=" demand trend of Algerian reinsurance"> demand trend of Algerian reinsurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinsurance" title=" reinsurance"> reinsurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinsurance%20market" title=" reinsurance market"> reinsurance market</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20689/analytical-approach-to-reinsurance-in-algeria-as-an-emerging-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5312</span> Analytical Approach to Reinsurance in Algeria as an Emerging Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Necira%20Okba">Necira Okba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesrine%20Bouzaher"> Nesrine Bouzaher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The financial aspect of the Algerian economy is part of all sectors that have undergone great changes these two last decades; the goal is to enable economic mechanisms for real growth. Insurance is an indispensable tool for stabilizing these mechanisms. Therefore, the national economy needs to develop the insurance market in order to support the investments, externally and intern ally; it turns out that reinsurance is one of the area which could prove their performance in several markets mainly emerging ones. The expansion of reinsurance in the domestic market is the preoccupation of this work, focusing on factors that could enhance the demand of reinsurance in the Algerian market. This work will be based on an analytical research of the economic contribution of the reinsurance and it’s collusion with insurance market, then it will be necessary to provide an overview of the product in the national emerging market, finally we will try to investigate on the factors that could enhance the demand in the national reinsurance market so as to determine the potential of Algeria in this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algerian%20reinsurance%20data" title="Algerian reinsurance data">Algerian reinsurance data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20trend%20of%20Algerian%20reinsurance" title=" demand trend of Algerian reinsurance"> demand trend of Algerian reinsurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinsurance" title=" reinsurance"> reinsurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinsurance%20market" title=" reinsurance market"> reinsurance market</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22637/analytical-approach-to-reinsurance-in-algeria-as-an-emerging-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5311</span> A Hazard Rate Function for the Time of Ruin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sule%20Sahin">Sule Sahin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basak%20Bulut%20Karageyik"> Basak Bulut Karageyik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces a hazard rate function for the time of ruin to calculate the conditional probability of ruin for very small intervals. We call this function the force of ruin (FoR). We obtain the expected time of ruin and conditional expected time of ruin from the exact finite time ruin probability with exponential claim amounts. Then we introduce the FoR which gives the conditional probability of ruin and the condition is that ruin has not occurred at time t. We analyse the behavior of the FoR function for different initial surpluses over a specific time interval. We also obtain FoR under the excess of loss reinsurance arrangement and examine the effect of reinsurance on the FoR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conditional%20time%20of%20ruin" title="conditional time of ruin">conditional time of ruin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20time%20ruin%20probability" title=" finite time ruin probability"> finite time ruin probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20of%20ruin" title=" force of ruin"> force of ruin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinsurance" title=" reinsurance"> reinsurance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55648/a-hazard-rate-function-for-the-time-of-ruin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5310</span> Oil Demand Forecasting in China: A Structural Time Series Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tehreem%20Fatima">Tehreem Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enjun%20Xia"> Enjun Xia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research investigates the relationship between total oil consumption and transport oil consumption, GDP, oil price, and oil reserve in order to forecast future oil demand in China. Annual time series data is used over the period of 1980 to 2015, and for this purpose, an oil demand function is estimated by applying structural time series model (STSM). The technique also uncovers the Underline energy demand trend (UEDT) for China oil demand and GDP, oil reserve, oil price and UEDT are considering important drivers of China oil demand. The long-run elasticity of total oil consumption with respect to GDP and price are (0.5, -0.04) respectively while GDP, oil reserve, and price remain (0.17; 0.23; -0.05) respectively. Moreover, the Estimated results of long-run elasticity of transport oil consumption with respect to GDP and price are (0.5, -0.00) respectively long-run estimates remain (0.28; 37.76;-37.8) for GDP, oil reserve, and price respectively. For both model estimated underline energy demand trend (UEDT) remains nonlinear and stochastic and with an increasing trend of (UEDT) and based on estimated equations, it is predicted that China total oil demand somewhere will be 9.9 thousand barrel per day by 2025 as compare to 9.4 thousand barrel per day in 2015, while transport oil demand predicting value is 9.0 thousand barrel per day by 2020 as compare to 8.8 thousand barrel per day in 2015. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=china" title="china">china</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting" title=" forecasting"> forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil" title=" oil"> oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20time%20series%20model%20%28STSM%29" title=" structural time series model (STSM)"> structural time series model (STSM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underline%20energy%20demand%20trend%20%28UEDT%29" title=" underline energy demand trend (UEDT)"> underline energy demand trend (UEDT)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71417/oil-demand-forecasting-in-china-a-structural-time-series-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5309</span> Challenges for Tourism Development in Algeria: Perspectives of Algerian Tourism Suppliers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nour-Elhouda%20Lecheheb">Nour-Elhouda Lecheheb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite substantial tourism potentials, the Algerian tourism industry has faced a number of challenges, including the government heavy dependence on the energy sector, negative perception in the West, and a lack of effective resource management and marketing. This paper attempts to discuss the challenges hindering the development of the Algerian tourism industry from the perspective of the official tourism suppliers in Algeria both in the public and private sectors. A total of 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted during a field-trip to Algiers, Algeria, in September 2019. From the analysis of the interviews, it is evident that the Algerian tourism suppliers face a number of challenges mainly the country’s negative image in the West and a significant lack of political and financial support to contest this negative image effectively and sufficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algerian%20tourism" title="Algerian tourism">Algerian tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=destination%20development" title=" destination development"> destination development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=destination%20image" title=" destination image"> destination image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20suppliers" title=" tourism suppliers"> tourism suppliers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148363/challenges-for-tourism-development-in-algeria-perspectives-of-algerian-tourism-suppliers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5308</span> Forecasting Models for Steel Demand Uncertainty Using Bayesian Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Watcharin%20Sangma">Watcharin Sangma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onsiri%20Chanmuang"> Onsiri Chanmuang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pitsanu%20Tongkhow"> Pitsanu Tongkhow</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A forecasting model for steel demand uncertainty in Thailand is proposed. It consists of trend, autocorrelation, and outliers in a hierarchical Bayesian frame work. The proposed model uses a cumulative Weibull distribution function, latent first-order autocorrelation, and binary selection, to account for trend, time-varying autocorrelation, and outliers, respectively. The Gibbs sampling Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is used for parameter estimation. The proposed model is applied to steel demand index data in Thailand. The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean absolute error (MAE) criteria are used for model comparison. The study reveals that the proposed model is more appropriate than the exponential smoothing method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting%20model" title="forecasting model">forecasting model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20demand%20uncertainty" title=" steel demand uncertainty"> steel demand uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20Bayesian%20framework" title=" hierarchical Bayesian framework"> hierarchical Bayesian framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponential%20smoothing%20method" title=" exponential smoothing method"> exponential smoothing method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10196/forecasting-models-for-steel-demand-uncertainty-using-bayesian-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5307</span> Ethnopharmacology of Urinary Deseases in Algerian Sahara</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Sekkoum">Khaled Sekkoum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The traditional pharmacopoeia of Algerian Sahara is very rich on vegetable drugs. The great resources and biodiversity of Algerian Sahara flora seem responsible. A survey of medicinal plants used by the local population of the south west of Algeria for the urinary disorders is reported. Sixty-three plant species belonging to thirty-three families were identified. Their botanical and local names, plant part used, mode of use and ailment treated are given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title="medicinal plants">medicinal plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20diseases" title=" urinary diseases"> urinary diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahara" title=" Sahara"> Sahara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11687/ethnopharmacology-of-urinary-deseases-in-algerian-sahara" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5306</span> The Contribution of Algerian Sports Channels on YouTube to the Marketing of Professional Players Abroad: The View of Algerian Sports Content Makers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mana">Ali Mana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okba%20Lahmar"> Okba Lahmar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is natural that sports media seeks to reach the audience of viewers wherever they are and at any time. Perhaps YouTube is one of the most important platforms in which the Algerian audience resides, as Alexa, which is one of the most important tools for providing usage statistics, indicated that the number of Algerian audience views of this site has exceeded 11 million views per month, and many Algerian content makers have initiated the creation of Sports channels in order to achieve profit goals. They also seek through it to market professional footballers abroad, in addition to influencing the opinions of fans towards them. This scene directs us to study the extent to which these channels contribute to discovering professional players, marketing to them, and protecting them from negative criticism. We also aim to know the extent of the influence of the content makers of these channels on the Algerian audience and to raise their awareness of the positive support of the players, regardless of their level of performance. To collect the necessary data, a descriptive study was conducted in which interview and observation were adopted as two basic tools. The sample included 04 sports content makers out of the total community that organizes more than 50 channels. It was chosen intentionally and included channels with more than 300,000 subscribers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20content%20creators" title="sports content creators">sports content creators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YouTube" title=" YouTube"> YouTube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20player" title=" professional player"> professional player</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algerian%20public" title=" Algerian public"> Algerian public</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20marketing" title=" sports marketing"> sports marketing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183399/the-contribution-of-algerian-sports-channels-on-youtube-to-the-marketing-of-professional-players-abroad-the-view-of-algerian-sports-content-makers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5305</span> Integrating ICT in Teaching and Learning English in the Algerian Classroom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tahar%20Djebbar">A. Tahar Djebbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern technologies have penetrated all spheres of human life, education being one of them. This paper focuses the attention on the integration of technology-based education in the Algerian classroom in teaching foreign languages. It sheds light on a specific area of ICT application: ICT in English learning and teaching. Some Algerian teachers or tutors of English face many challenges among which the lack of teaching materials which are indispensable for transmitting knowledge to learners. Thus, they find themselves compelled to use online e-books or download them in PDF form to support their lessons. Teachers even download such teaching materials like pictures, videos, audios, podcasts, and flash cards from the internet and store them in their Flash USBs to shape up the teaching-learning conditions. They use computers, data shows, and the internet so as to facilitate the teaching–learning process in the classroom. Hence, technology has become a must in the Algerian classroom especially in teaching English which has become a very important language in a national and an international level. This study aims at showing that Algerian tutors/teachers who take up the challenge of getting involved in the technology-enhanced language learning and teaching in the Algerian schools and universities face many obstacles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer" title="computer">computer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English" title=" English"> English</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet" title=" internet"> internet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learners" title=" learners"> learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20acquisition" title=" language acquisition"> language acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching" title=" teaching"> teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology "> technology </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15340/integrating-ict-in-teaching-and-learning-english-in-the-algerian-classroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">644</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5304</span> An Inventory Management Model to Manage the Stock Level for Irregular Demand Items</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riccardo%20Patriarca">Riccardo Patriarca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giulio%20Di%20Gravio"> Giulio Di Gravio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Costantino"> Francesco Costantino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Massimo%20Tronci"> Massimo Tronci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An accurate inventory management policy acquires a crucial role in the several high-availability sectors. In these sectors, due to the high-cost of spares and backorders, an (S-1, S) replenishment policy is necessary for high-availability items. The policy enables the shipment of a substitute efficient item anytime the inventory size decreases by one. This policy can be modelled following the Multi-Echelon Technique for Recoverable Item Control (METRIC). The METRIC is a system-based technique that allows defining the optimum stock level in a multi-echelon network, adopting measures in line with the decision-maker’s perspective. The METRIC defines an availability-cost function with inventory costs and required service levels, using as inputs data about the demand trend, the supplying and maintenance characteristics of the network and the budget/availability constraints. The traditional METRIC relies on the hypothesis that a Poisson distribution well represents the demand distribution in case of items with a low failure rate. However, in this research, we will explore the effects of using a Poisson distribution to model the demand of low failure rate items characterized by an irregular demand trend. This characteristic of a demand is not included in the traditional METRIC formulation leading to the need of revising its traditional formulation. Using the CV (Coefficient of Variation) and ADI (Average inter-Demand Interval) classification, we will define the inherent flaws of Poisson-based METRIC for irregular demand items, defining an innovative ad hoc distribution which can better fit the irregular demands. This distribution will allow defining proper stock levels to reduce stocking and backorder costs due to the high irregularities in the demand trend. A case study in the aviation domain will clarify the benefits of this innovative METRIC approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=METRIC" title="METRIC">METRIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20management" title=" inventory management"> inventory management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20demand" title=" irregular demand"> irregular demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spare%20parts" title=" spare parts"> spare parts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73000/an-inventory-management-model-to-manage-the-stock-level-for-irregular-demand-items" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5303</span> Application of Fair Value Accounting in an Emerging Market Algerian Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haouam%20Djemaa">Haouam Djemaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to identify the possibility for applying fair value accounting by Algerian enterprises coted in capital maket (Algiers stock exchange). To achieve the objectives of this study, we made an interview with preparers of accounting information. The results document that enterprises are aware of fair value accounting in financial reporting because of its ability to provide useful accounting, but it depends on the availability of favorable circumstances for its application and this is what is missing in the Algerian environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fair%20value" title="fair value">fair value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20reporting" title=" financial reporting"> financial reporting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting%20information" title=" accounting information"> accounting information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valuation%20method" title=" valuation method"> valuation method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21915/application-of-fair-value-accounting-in-an-emerging-market-algerian-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5302</span> Wastewater Treatment by Floating Macrophytes (Salvinia natans) under Algerian Semi-Arid Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laabassi%20Ayache">Laabassi Ayache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boudehane%20Asma"> Boudehane Asma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Macrophyte pond has developed strongly in the field of wastewater treatment for irrigation in rural areas and small communities. Their association allows, in some cases, to increase the hydraulic capacity while maintaining the highest level of quality. The present work is devoted to the treatment of domestic wastewater under climatic conditions of Algeria (semi-arid) through a system using two tanks planted with Salvinia natans. The performance study and treatment efficiency of the system overall shows that the latter provides a significant removal of nitrogen pollution: total Kjeldahl nitrogen NTK (85.2%), Ammonium NH₄⁺-N (79%), Nitrite NO₂⁻-N (40%) also, a major meaningful reduction of biochemical oxygen demand BOD₅ was observed at the output of the system (96.9 %). As BOD₅, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was higher than 95% at the exit of the two tanks. A moderately low yield of phosphate-phosphorus (PO₄³-P) was achieved with values not exceeding 37%. In general, the quality of treated effluent meets the Algerian standard of discharge and which allows us to select a suitable species in constructed wetland treatment systems under semi-arid climate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20removal" title="nutrient removal">nutrient removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salvinia%20natans" title=" Salvinia natans"> Salvinia natans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-arid%20climate" title=" semi-arid climate"> semi-arid climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment" title=" wastewater treatment"> wastewater treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99954/wastewater-treatment-by-floating-macrophytes-salvinia-natans-under-algerian-semi-arid-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5301</span> Investigating (Im)Politeness Strategies in Email Communication: The Case Algerian PhD Supervisees and Irish Supervisors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zehor%20Ktitni">Zehor Ktitni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In pragmatics, politeness is regarded as a feature of paramount importance to successful interpersonal relationships. On the other hand, emails have recently become one of the indispensable means of communication in educational settings. This research puts email communication at the core of the study and analyses it from a politeness perspective. More specifically, it endeavours to look closely at how the concept of (im)politeness is reflected through students’ emails. To this end, a corpus of Algerian supervisees’ email threads, exchanged with their Irish supervisors, was compiled. Leech’s model of politeness (2014) was selected as the main theoretical framework of this study, in addition to making reference to Brown and Levinson’s model (1987) as it is one of the most influential models in the area of pragmatic politeness. Further, some follow-up interviews are to be conducted with Algerian students to reinforce the results derived from the corpus. Initial findings suggest that Algerian Ph.D. students’ emails tend to include more politeness markers than impoliteness ones, they heavily make use of academic titles when addressing their supervisors (Dr. or Prof.), and they rely on hedging devices in order to sound polite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politeness" title="politeness">politeness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=email%20communication" title=" email communication"> email communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus%20pragmatics" title=" corpus pragmatics"> corpus pragmatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algerian%20PhD%20supervisees" title=" Algerian PhD supervisees"> Algerian PhD supervisees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irish%20supervisors" title=" Irish supervisors"> Irish supervisors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176737/investigating-impoliteness-strategies-in-email-communication-the-case-algerian-phd-supervisees-and-irish-supervisors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5300</span> Tutoring between “The Can Do” and “The Have to”: The Case of Batna 2 University (Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radia%20Guerza">Radia Guerza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tutoring at the Algerian University has been an issue of great controversy and debate. Henceforth, the current paper is an attempt to shed light on the issue of tutoring at Algerian University. It aims to set a plan for tutoring that might meet the student's needs and challenges. It endeavors to explore the following query: “what is the role of tutoring in the Algerian university between “The CAN DO” and “The HAVE TO”? To equate with the addressed research question, an exploratory small-scale study has been carried out at Batna 2 University using questionnaires and interviews with fifty (50) teachers. Results indicate that Algerian University is still lagging behind because of the huge lack of infrastructure means, human resources, and even pedagogical resources. In addition, the majority of our teachers are reluctant to adhere to the tutorial policy due to the lack of incentives; next to that, the increasing yearly number of students and students high ratio would hardly permit any tutoring sessions. Finally, this paper is the first attempt, to our best knowledge, towards raising the awareness of our institution, staff members, teachers, and students towards the importance of tutoring and how to adopt it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes" title="attitudes">attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceptions" title=" perceptions"> perceptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tutoring" title=" tutoring"> tutoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153901/tutoring-between-the-can-do-and-the-have-to-the-case-of-batna-2-university-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5299</span> Muslim Women Converts through the ideological Eyes of Algerian Newspapers Discourse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zerrifi%20Meryem">Zerrifi Meryem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Discourse on Muslim women has been criticized in scientific research as being racist, sexist, and ideological. Convert women who come from various backgrounds are cases that form a rich area of investigation that have been covered from a narrative perspective in which experiences of convert women are represented through stories telling journey to conversion to Islam. They have not been problematized in relation to the Algerian media discourse; yet, their omnipresence cannot be denied as a Muslim community. This research aims at demonstrating ideologies that are perpetuated along newspapers’ discourse. The present study investigates the discursive portrayal of female Muslim converts in this type of discourse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20discourse" title="media discourse">media discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muslim%20women%20converts" title=" muslim women converts"> muslim women converts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algerian%20newspapers" title=" algerian newspapers"> algerian newspapers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideologies" title=" ideologies"> ideologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162896/muslim-women-converts-through-the-ideological-eyes-of-algerian-newspapers-discourse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5298</span> Trends and Perspectives of Agrotourism Development in Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Lazariashvili">Tamar Lazariashvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of agrotourism in Georgia has significant potential. The trend of population growth and demand for agrotourism products makes the interest and importance of the development of this field even more relevant. The article studies the trends in the development of agrotourism in Georgia; SWOT analysis reveals the potential for the development of agrotourism and assesses the perspectives, examines the factors hindering the development of agrotourism, assesses the role of the state in the development of agrotourism. Objectives: The purpose of the study is to determine the development trends of agrotourism in Georgia and to develop recommendations for prospective directions based on the assessment of the field's potential. Methodologies: Research methods are used: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, statistical (selection, grouping, observation, trend) and other methods, as well as SWOT analysis. Contributions: A positive trend in the development of agrotourism has been revealed. It is also shown that the demand for agrotourism products is growing. The agro touristic potential of Georgia was assessed and prospective directions for the development of the field have been determined. Conclusions: are drawn on the problems identified in the work and recommendations are proposed on ways to effectively use the potential opportunities of agrotourism and ways of long-term development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agrotourism" title="agrotourism">agrotourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agrotourism%20products" title=" agrotourism products"> agrotourism products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agrotourism%20potential" title=" agrotourism potential"> agrotourism potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20prospects." title=" development prospects."> development prospects.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161774/trends-and-perspectives-of-agrotourism-development-in-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5297</span> Perceived and Projected Images of Algeria: A Comparison Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nour-Elhouda%20Lecheheb">Nour-Elhouda Lecheheb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Destination image is one of the main factors that influence potential visitors' decision choice. This study aims to explore the pre-visit perception of prior British tourists and compare them to the actual projected images of the Algerian tourism suppliers. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with both prior British tourists to Algeria and the Algerian tourism suppliers in 2019. The findings of this study suggest how the Algerian tourism suppliers might benefit from understanding the perceived image of prior tourists to match tourists' expectations and better plan their projected images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=destination%20choice" title=" destination choice"> destination choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=destination%20image" title=" destination image"> destination image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20image" title=" perceived image"> perceived image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=projected%20image" title=" projected image"> projected image</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148424/perceived-and-projected-images-of-algeria-a-comparison-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5296</span> Dynamic Economic Load Dispatch Using Quadratic Programming: Application to Algerian Electrical Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Graa">A. Graa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Ziane"> I. Ziane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Benhamida"> F. Benhamida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Souag"> S. Souag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparative analysis study of an efficient and reliable quadratic programming (QP) to solve economic load dispatch (ELD) problem with considering transmission losses in a power system. The proposed QP method takes care of different unit and system constraints to find optimal solution. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed QP solution, simulations have been performed using Algerian test system. Results obtained with the QP method have been compared with other existing relevant approaches available in literatures. Experimental results show a proficiency of the QP method over other existing techniques in terms of robustness and its optimal search. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20dispatch" title="economic dispatch">economic dispatch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadratic%20programming" title=" quadratic programming"> quadratic programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algerian%20network" title=" Algerian network"> Algerian network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20load" title=" dynamic load"> dynamic load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23032/dynamic-economic-load-dispatch-using-quadratic-programming-application-to-algerian-electrical-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">565</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5295</span> Mapping Identity: Algerian Diasporic Voices in Literature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Kaouthar%20Letaief">Salma Kaouthar Letaief</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article investigates the experience of diaspora in the writings of Algerian diasporic writers, namely: Leila Sebbar’s Silence on the Shores (2000), Keltoum Staali’ December’s Mimosa (2012). The study discusses the collective trauma of violence in Algeria and overseas. The experience of displacement of the characters to an alien territory compel their journey with issues related to nostalgia, identity crisis, alienation, racism, and in-betweeness. The focus in this research is, thus, on Algerian immigrants’ experience in the host country and their psychological conflicts. The theories Multiculturalism and Psychoanalysis are used to analyse the novels in this paper. While Multiculturalism examines how characters negotiate and navigate their identities in multicultural settings, Psychoanalysis enables the analysis of how characters in diasporic novels grapple with issues of identity, belonging, and self-discovery. Hence, interweaving multiculturalism and psychoanalysis provides an interdisciplinary framework that addresses both the socio-cultural and psychological aspects of the diasporic experience. Accordingly, this paper is an attempt to examine the diasporic experience and cultural dialectics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diaspora" title="diaspora">diaspora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algerian%20diasporic%20writers" title=" algerian diasporic writers"> algerian diasporic writers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algeria" title=" algeria"> algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement" title=" displacement"> displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20crisis" title=" identity crisis"> identity crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20dialects" title=" cultural dialects"> cultural dialects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178032/mapping-identity-algerian-diasporic-voices-in-literature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5294</span> Biodiversity of Platyhelminthes Parasites on Batoids (Elasmobranchii) Fishes from the Algerian Coasts: First Annotated Inventory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadila%20Tazerouti">Fadila Tazerouti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Affaf%20Boukadoum"> Affaf Boukadoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamilia%20Gharbi"> Kamilia Gharbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karima%20Benmeslem"> Karima Benmeslem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parasites are recognized as an important component of biodiversity because of their crucial role in providing valuable information on host populations and in the functioning and balance of natural ecosystems. Although the knowledge about these pathogen organisms' diversity has increased these last years, many species still need to be identified and more investigations should be performed. Batoid fishes represent a significant biological resource, especially among populations of the Mediterranean basin. However, the data on their parasitic fauna, particularly in Algeria, remains unknown and still incomplete. Therefore, the aim of this study is to survey and provide data on the biodiversity of Platyhelminthes parasites of Elasmobranches fishes from Algerian coasts. 3217 specimens of Batoids belonging to 4 families, Topedinidae, Rajdae, Dasyatidae and Myliobatidae, caught in several sites on the Algerian coasts, were examined for their parasites. 47 taxa, including 7 new for science and belonging to 2 classes Monogenea and Cestoda, have been identified. Monogeneans presented the highest richness with 24 taxa and 5 new species for science: 4 Amphibdelloides species and one Calicotyle species. Cestodes are represented by 23 taxa and 3 new species: 2 Acanthobothrium and 1 species Echinobothrium. This study allowed us to establish for the first time in Algeria an inventory of Platyhelminthes parasites of this group of Chondrichthyes fish, as well as an invaluable contribution to the knowledge about the parasitic fauna of Algerian and Mediterranean Elasmobranch fishes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parasitic%20platyhelminthes" title="parasitic platyhelminthes">parasitic platyhelminthes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title=" biodiversity"> biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasmobranches" title=" elasmobranches"> elasmobranches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algerian%20coasts" title=" algerian coasts"> algerian coasts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory" title=" inventory"> inventory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172720/biodiversity-of-platyhelminthes-parasites-on-batoids-elasmobranchii-fishes-from-the-algerian-coasts-first-annotated-inventory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5293</span> Analyzing the Sociolinguistic Profile of the Algerian Community in the UK in terms of French Language Use: The Case of Émigré Ph.D. Students </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadjer%20Chellia">Hadjer Chellia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> the present study reports on second language use among Algerian international students in the UK. In Algeria, French has an important status among the Algerian verbal repertoires due to colonial reasons. This has triggered many language conflicts and many debates among policy makers in Algeria. In higher education, Algerian English students’ sociolinguistic profile is characterised by the use of French as a sign of prestige. What may leave room for debate is the effect of crossing borders towards the UK as a result of international mobility programmes, a transition which could add more complexity since French, is not so significant as a language in the UK context. In this respect, the micro-objective is to explore the fate of French use among Ph.D. students in the UK as a newly established group vis-à-vis English. To fulfill the purpose of the present inquiry, the research employs multiple approaches in which semi-structured interview is a primary source of data to know participants’ attitudes about French use, targeting both their pre-migratory experience and current one. Web-based questionnaires are set up to access larger population. Focus group sessions are further procedures of scrutiny in this piece of work to explore the actual linguistic behaviours. Preliminary findings from both interviews and questionnaires reveal that students’ current experience, particularly living in the UK, affects their pre-migratory attitudes towards French language and its use. The overall findings are expected to bring manifold contributions to the field of research among which is setting factors that influence language use among newly established émigrés communities. The research is also relevant to international students’ experience of study abroad in terms of language use in the guise of internationalization of higher education, mobility and exchange programmes. It could contribute to the sociolinguistics of the Algerian diaspora: the dispersed residence of non-native communities - not to mention its significance on the Algerian research field abroad. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algerian%20diaspora" title="Algerian diaspora">Algerian diaspora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=French%20language" title=" French language"> French language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20maintenance" title=" language maintenance"> language maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20shift" title=" language shift"> language shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title=" mobility"> mobility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70146/analyzing-the-sociolinguistic-profile-of-the-algerian-community-in-the-uk-in-terms-of-french-language-use-the-case-of-emigre-phd-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5292</span> Isolation and Identification of the Dominant Flora of the Intestinal Microbiota of Rattus norvegicus an Algerian Firm West</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karima%20Ould%20Yerou">Karima Ould Yerou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Meddah"> B. Meddah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tir%20Touil"> A. Tir Touil </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The intestinal flora also called the intestinal microbiota, consists of different bacteria and other microorganisms which occur naturally in the gastrointestinal tract organs components. These intestinal bacteria are present in their millions and help the functioning of the body in particular allowing aid to degradation of certain molecules into absorbable substrates. They also protect against invasion of the gut by other pathogenic bacteria, that is to say which may be responsible for disease. Factors like stress, antibiotics and diet can affect the balance of intestinal flora and in case of imbalance, digestive disorders type bloating, diarrhea or vomiting may occur. Rattus norvegicus of bad weight of 100 kg, an Algerian firm West are scarified and isolation of their ileum and colon respectively two Bactrian strains Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus are then purified and identified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intestinal%20flora" title="intestinal flora">intestinal flora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rattus%20norvegicus" title=" Rattus norvegicus"> Rattus norvegicus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Escherichia%20coli" title=" Escherichia coli"> Escherichia coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactobacillus" title=" lactobacillus"> lactobacillus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=West%20Algerian%20farm" title=" West Algerian farm"> West Algerian farm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42813/isolation-and-identification-of-the-dominant-flora-of-the-intestinal-microbiota-of-rattus-norvegicus-an-algerian-firm-west" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5291</span> Evaluation of Brca1/2 Mutational Status among Algerian Familial Breast Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arab%20M.">Arab M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ait%20Abdallah%20M."> Ait Abdallah M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeraoulia%20N."> Zeraoulia N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boumaza%20H."> Boumaza H.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aoutia%20M."> Aoutia M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Griene%20L."> Griene L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ait%20Abdelkader%20B."> Ait Abdelkader B.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="></a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> breast and ovarian cancer are respectively the first and fourth leading causes of cancer among women in Algeria. A family story of cancer in the most important risk factor, and in most cases of families with breast and /or ovarian cancer, the pattern of cancer family can be attributed to mutation in BRCA1/2genes. objectibes: the aim of our study in to investigate the spectrum of BRCA1/2 germiline mutation in familial breast and /or ovarian cancer and to determine the prevalence and the nature of BRCA1/2mutation in Algeria methods: we deremined the prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutation within a cohort of 161 probands selected according the eisinger score double stranded sanger sequencing of all coding exons of BRCA1/2including flanking intronic region were performed results: we identified a total of 23 distinct deleterious mutations (class5) 12 differents mutations in BRCA1(52%) and 11 in BRCA2(48%). 78% (18/23) were protein truncating and 22%(5/23) missens mutations.3 novel deleterious mutations have been identified, which have not been described in public mutation database. one new mutation were found in two unrelated patients. the overall mutation detection rate in our study is 28,5%(46/161).more over, an UVS c7783 located in BRCA2 is found in two unrelated probands and segregate in the 02 families/ conclusion: our results sugget of large spectrum of BRCA1/2 mutation in Algerian breast/ovarian cancer family. The nature and prevalence of BRCA1/2mutation in algerian families are ongoing in a larger study, 80 probands are to day under investigation. This study which may therefore identify the genetic particularity of Algerian breast /ovarian cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BRCA1%2F2%20mutations" title="BRCA1/2 mutations">BRCA1/2 mutations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hereditary%20breast%20cancer" title=" hereditary breast cancer"> hereditary breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algerian%20women" title=" algerian women"> algerian women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prvalence" title=" prvalence"> prvalence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147348/evaluation-of-brca12-mutational-status-among-algerian-familial-breast-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5290</span> On Demand Transport: Feasibility Study - Local Needs and Capabilities within the Oran Wilaya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadjet%20Brahmia">Nadjet Brahmia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evolution of urban forms, the new aspects of mobility, the ways of life and economic models make public transport conventional collective low-performing on the majority of largest Algerian cities, particularly in the west of Algeria. On the other side, the information and communication technologies (ICT) open new eventualities to develop a new mode of transport which brings together both the tenders offered by the public service collective and those of the particular vehicle, suitable for urban requirements, social and environmental. Like the concrete examples made in the international countries in terms of on-demand transport systems (ODT) more particularly in the developed countries, this article has for objective the opportunity analysis to establish a service of ODT at the level of a few towns of Oran Wilaya, such a service will be subsequently spread on the totality of the Wilaya if not on the whole of Algeria. In this context, we show the different existing means of transport in the current network whose aim to illustrate the points of insufficiency accented in the present transport system, then we discuss the solutions that may exhibit a service of ODT to the problem studied all around the transport sector, to carry at the end to highlight the capabilities of ODT replying to the transformation of mobilities, this in the light of well-defined cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title="mobility">mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=on-demand%20transport" title=" on-demand transport"> on-demand transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transport%20collective" title=" public transport collective"> public transport collective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20system" title=" transport system"> transport system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39318/on-demand-transport-feasibility-study-local-needs-and-capabilities-within-the-oran-wilaya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5289</span> Algerian EFL Students' Perceptions towards the Development of Writing through Weblog Storytelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawel%20Mansouri">Nawel Mansouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Weblog as a form of internet-based resources has become popular as an authentic and constructive learning tool, especially in the language classroom. This research explores the use of weblog storytelling as a pedagogical tool to develop Algerian EFL students’ creative writing. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of weblog- writing and the attitudes of both Algerian EFL students and teachers towards weblog storytelling. It also seeks to explore the potential benefits and problems that may affect the use of weblog and investigate the possible solutions to overcome the problems encountered. The research work relies on a mixed-method approach which combines both qualitative and quantitative methods. A questionnaire will be applied to both EFL teachers and students as a means to obtain preliminary data. Interviews will be integrated in accordance with the primary data that will be gathered from the questionnaire with the aim of validating its accuracy or as a strategy to follow up any unexpected results. An intervention will take place on the integration of weblog- writing among 15 Algerian EFL students for a period of two months where students are required to write five narrative essays about their personal experiences, give feedback through the use of a rubric to two or three of their peers, and edit their work based on the feedback. After completion, questionnaires and interviews will also take place as a medium to obtain both the students’ perspectives towards the use of weblog as an innovative teaching approach. This study is interesting because weblog storytelling has recently been emerged as a new form of digital communication and it is a new concept within Algerian context. Furthermore, the students will not just develop their writing skill through weblog storytelling but it can also serve as a tool to develop students’ critical thinking, creativity, and autonomy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weblog%20writing" title="Weblog writing">Weblog writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL%20writing" title=" EFL writing"> EFL writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL%20learners%27%20attitudes" title=" EFL learners' attitudes"> EFL learners' attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL%20teachers%27%20views" title=" EFL teachers' views"> EFL teachers' views</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77061/algerian-efl-students-perceptions-towards-the-development-of-writing-through-weblog-storytelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5288</span> An Analysis of Language Borrowing among Algerian University Students Using Online Facebook Conversations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Messaouda%20Annab">Messaouda Annab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid development of technology has led to an important context in which different languages and structures are used in the same conversations. This paper investigates the practice of language borrowing within social media platform, namely, Facebook among Algerian Vernacular Arabic (AVA) students. In other words, this study will explore how Algerian students have incorporated lexical English borrowing in their online conversations. This paper will examine the relationships between language, culture and identity among a multilingual group. The main objective is to determine the cultural and linguistic functions that borrowing fulfills in social media and to explain the possible factors underlying English borrowing. The nature of the study entails the use of an online research method that includes ten online Facebook conversations in the form of private messages collected from Bachelor and Masters Algerian students recruited from the English department at the University of Oum El-Bouaghi. The analysis of data revealed that social media platform provided the users with opportunities to shift from one language to another. This practice was noticed in students’ online conversations. English borrowing was the most relevant language performance in accordance with Arabic which is the mother tongue of the chosen sample. The analysis has assumed that participants are skilled in more than one language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borrowing" title="borrowing">borrowing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20performance" title=" language performance"> language performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20background" title=" linguistic background"> linguistic background</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105501/an-analysis-of-language-borrowing-among-algerian-university-students-using-online-facebook-conversations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5287</span> Digital Repositories in Algerian Universities: Content and Search Possibilities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakim%20Benoumelghar">Hakim Benoumelghar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The launch in 1999 of the open access Initiative (OAI) and the protocol for sharing metadata, OAI-PMH, in parallel with the provision of deposit platforms, open-source software, such as DSpace in 2002, which allow libraries to develop digital repositories and play a leading role in the open access movement, and by building institutional open archives alongside the theme. This study focuses on Algerian universities and their projects and platforms for digital repositories of theses and scientific papers and the possibilities of access to the university community to develop research and access to archives of scientific digital content offered by the scientific community. This contribution attempts to compare Algerian and foreign institutional deposits in developed countries in order to have development and perspectives to facilitate scientific research and give more possibilities to the scientific community in documentary matters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20repository" title="digital repository">digital repository</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repository%20software" title=" repository software"> repository software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university" title=" university"> university</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algeria" title=" algeria"> algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171003/digital-repositories-in-algerian-universities-content-and-search-possibilities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5286</span> The Millennium Development Goals and Algerian Economic Policy: Some Evidences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Guendouz">Abdelkader Guendouz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Zohra%20Adel"> Fatima Zohra Adel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Even if both the economic and the human development are an axial pillar in its global policy, Algerian government seems to be more and more engaged in the international context aiming to reach of the so called millennium development goals, and this since its beginning. By looking closely at the Algerian economic policy, it is easy to mention the existence of several programs in which both economic and social realisations including among others, poverty reduction, enhancement of education level and conditions, woman statute and gender equity amelioration targets. The efforts of Algerian government in the field of these targets had been acheminated through three main plans, which are: -PSRE (Plan de Soutien à la Relance Economique), for the period of 2001 to 2004, initiated with about 7 billion US dollar, had been focused on three objectives, namely, poverty reduction, job creation and regional equilibrium with rural areas revitalization. -PCSC (le Programme complémentaire de soutien à la croissance économique), for the period of 2005 to 2009, with a starting funding of 114 billion US dollar. This program aims to develop public services and supporting public investments, especially in which concerns social infrastructures. Now, and at the end of the maturity of the MDGs agenda, an important question is to be asked: what are the main realizations regarding these MDGs? In order to answer this question, the present paper tries to examine the Algerian economic policy (but also the social one) by considering the MDGs challenges, for the period from 2000 to 2010, but also until 2015. This examination is focused on three main targets, namely poverty, education, and health. Firstly, statistical assessment for the Algerian economic and social situation shows that almost all MDGs had been reached during the period of 2000 to 2009 and it continues to maintain and improve them. This observation can be endorsed by invoking some achievements. Starting by the reduction of poverty, the proportion of population living with less than 1 US dollar per a day passed from 8.0 % in 2000 to 0.5 % in 2009, and 0.3 % in 2015. For education sphere, the enrolment ratio of six-year child, which is the most significant index for school attendance, is about 98 % for 2009 against 93 % in 1999, and only 43 % in 1966. Concluding with health care and relevant services; the Algerian government has accomplished big steps in providing easy access to this sector for the population. Moreover, the percentage of assisted accouchement had been raised from 91.2 % in 2000 to 97.2 % in 2009. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algerian%20economic%20policy" title="Algerian economic policy">Algerian economic policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MDGs" title=" MDGs"> MDGs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48274/the-millennium-development-goals-and-algerian-economic-policy-some-evidences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48274.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5285</span> The Study of Ecological Seabirds in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Baaloudj">A. Baaloudj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Samraoui"> F. Samraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Samraoui"> B. Samraoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have been studied the reproductive ecology and dispersal of Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis for three years 2009-2011. The study of the breeding ecology of the species was undertaken at the Srigina Island (Skikda). The mean clutch size was 2.64±0.62, 2.49±0.72 and 2.37±0.77eggsin the three study years 2009-2011 respectively. Hatching success was similar for the first two years of study (53% in 2009and 54% in 2010) but significantly lower in the third year (27% in 2011). The same trend was found for the fledging success, it was 33% and 32% in 2009and 2010respectivelyandonly 14% in 2011. Cannibalism and predation by cats were the two likely causes of low reproductive success in the third year. Regarding the species dispersal, we started a banding program of the yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis michahellis in 2009, the first scheme of its kind in North Africa. Banding of chicks was initiated at Skikda and extended, a year later, to four other colonies located along the Algerian coast. Preliminary analysis of ringed yellow-legged gulls from Algerian colonies indicates that juveniles dispersed in a north-westerly direction to the Balearic Sea, the Bay of Biscay, the Alboran Sea and the western Atlantic coast from the Bay of Cadiz to the Galician shores. Preliminary data suggested two distinct routes: gulls from the eastern North African colonies moved N/NW to eastern Spain and overland to the Bay of Biscay, a pattern of dispersal previously reported for birds from Spanish and French western Mediterranean colonies. Juveniles from western colonies seemed also to move N/NW to the Alboran Sea and the Bay of Cadiz. In Spain, where most of the dispersal took place, data suggested that Algerian gulls occupied coastal areas which are used as aestivating refuges before returning to North Africa in late autumn and winter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20ecology" title="breeding ecology">breeding ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20dynamic" title=" population dynamic"> population dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersal" title=" dispersal"> dispersal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yellow-legged%20gull%20larus%20michahellis" title=" yellow-legged gull larus michahellis"> yellow-legged gull larus michahellis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20bird" title=" sea bird"> sea bird</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banding%20scheme" title=" banding scheme"> banding scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srigina" title=" Srigina"> Srigina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38050/the-study-of-ecological-seabirds-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5284</span> Researching International PhD Algerian Students’ Communication Challenges in Speaking When Discussing and Interacting with Their British Peers: A Researcher’s Interpretive Perspective through the Use of Semi-Structured Interview</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Maita">H. Maita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper addresses the issue of the speaking challenges that the Algerian PhD students experience during their studies abroad, particularly in UK territory; more specifically, this study describes how these students may deal with such challenges and whether the cultural differences is one core reason in such dilemma or not. To this end, an understanding and interpretation of what actually encompasses both linguistic interference and cultural differences are required. Throughout the paper there is an attempt to explain the theoretical basis of the interpretive research and to theoretically discuss the pivotal use of the interview, as a data collection tool, in interpretive research. Thus, the central issue of this study is to frame the theoretical perspective of the interpretive research through the discussion of PhD Algerian’s communication and interaction challenges in the EFL context. This study is a corner stone for other research studies to further investigate the issue related to communication challenges because no specific findings will be pointed out in this research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL" title=" EFL"> EFL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20interference" title=" linguistic interference"> linguistic interference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100477/researching-international-phd-algerian-students-communication-challenges-in-speaking-when-discussing-and-interacting-with-their-british-peers-a-researchers-interpretive-perspective-through-the-use-of-semi-structured-interview" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20trend%20of%20Algerian%20reinsurance&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20trend%20of%20Algerian%20reinsurance&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20trend%20of%20Algerian%20reinsurance&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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