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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Martha Sherwood</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%A7_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ماري مارثا شيروود – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماري مارثا شيروود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%A7_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ماری مارثا شیروود – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماری مارثا شیروود" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Martha_Sherwood" title="Mary Martha Sherwood – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mary Martha Sherwood" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="مری مارتا شروود – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مری مارتا شروود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Martha_Sherwood" title="Mary Martha Sherwood – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mary Martha Sherwood" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Martha_Sherwood" title="Mary Martha Sherwood – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mary Martha Sherwood" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Martha_Sherwood" title="Mary Martha Sherwood – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mary Martha Sherwood" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4,_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Шервуд, Мэри Марта – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шервуд, Мэри Марта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Мери Марта Шервуд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мери Марта Шервуд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Martha_Sherwood" title="Mary Martha Sherwood – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mary Martha Sherwood" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Martha_Sherwood" title="Mary Martha Sherwood – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mary Martha Sherwood" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Martha_Sherwood" title="Mary Martha Sherwood – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mary Martha Sherwood" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Мері-Марта Шервуд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мері-Марта Шервуд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English children's author and editor (1775–1851)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Mary Martha Sherwood</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mrs_mary_sherwood1775_1851_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mrs_mary_sherwood1775_1851_cropped.jpg/220px-Mrs_mary_sherwood1775_1851_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Mrs_mary_sherwood1775_1851_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="330" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Mary Martha Butt<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1775-05-06</span>)</span>6 May 1775<br /><a href="/wiki/Stanford-on-Teme" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford-on-Teme">Stanford-on-Teme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">22 October 1851<span style="display:none">(1851-10-22)</span> (aged 76)<br /><a href="/wiki/Twickenham" title="Twickenham">Twickenham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">London</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Writer (novelist)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1814–1848</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">Children's literature</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mary Martha Sherwood</b> (née Butt; 6 May 1775 – 22 September 1851) was a nineteenth-century English children's writer. Of her more than four hundred works, the best known include <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Little_Henry_and_his_Bearer" title="The History of Little Henry and his Bearer">The History of Little Henry and his Bearer</a></i> (1814) and the two series <i>The History of Henry Milner</i> (1822–1837) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_the_Fairchild_Family" title="The History of the Fairchild Family">The History of the Fairchild Family</a></i> (1818–1847). Her <a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">evangelicalism</a> permeated her early writings, but later works cover common <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> themes such as domesticity. </p><p>Mary Martha Butt married Captain Henry Sherwood and moved to India for eleven years. She converted to evangelical Christianity, opened schools for the children of army officers and local Indian children, adopted neglected or orphaned children, and founded an orphanage. She was inspired to write fiction for the children in the military encampments. Her work was well received in Britain, where the Sherwoods returned in 1816 for medical reasons. She opened a boarding school, edited a children's magazine, and published hundreds of tracts, novels, and other works for children and the poor, which increased her popularity in both the United States and Britain. She died in 1851 in <a href="/wiki/Twickenham" title="Twickenham">Twickenham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>. </p><p>Sherwood's career included three periods: her <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romantic</a> period (1795–1805), her <a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">evangelical</a> period (1810 – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1830</span>), in which she produced her most popular and influential works, and her post-evangelical period (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1830–1851</span>). Themes in her writing included "her conviction of inherent human corruption", her belief that literature "had a catechetical utility" for every rank of society, her belief that "the dynamics of family life" should reflect central Christian principles, and her "virulent" <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">anti-Catholicism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-demers2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sherwood was called "one of the most significant authors of children's literature of the nineteenth century".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019281_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019281-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her depictions of domesticity and ties with India may have influenced many young readers,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197497–98_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197497–98-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but her work fell from favour as children's literature broadened in the late nineteenth century. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mary Martha Butt was born on 6 May 1775 in <a href="/wiki/Stanford-on-Teme" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford-on-Teme">Stanford-on-Teme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a>, the eldest daughter and second child of Martha Butt and Reverend <a href="/wiki/George_Butt_(priest)" title="George Butt (priest)">George Butt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chaplain_in_ordinary" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaplain in ordinary">chaplain in ordinary</a> to <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-demers2004_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a young child, before the age of six, Sherwood composed stories in her head before she could write and begged her mother to copy them down.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood191033_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood191033-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her brother was her constant companion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood191029_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood191029-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was forced to stand in the <a href="/wiki/Stocks" title="Stocks">stocks</a> while doing her lessons: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It was the fashion then for children to wear iron collars round the neck, with back-boards strapped over the shoulders. To one of these I was subjected from my sixth to my thirteenth year. I generally did all my lessons standing in stocks, with this same collar round my neck; it was put on in the morning, and seldom taken off till late in the evening.<span class="nowrap"> </span>... And yet I was a very happy child, and when relieved from my collars I not unseldom manifested my delight by starting from our hall-door and taking a run for half a mile through the woods.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Mary Martha Sherwood, "The Life and Times of Mrs. Sherwood".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood191034_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood191034-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Sherwood's and her sister <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Lyttelton_Cameron" title="Lucy Lyttelton Cameron">Lucy Lyttelton</a>'s education was wide-ranging for girls in the late eighteenth century: Sherwood learnt Latin and Greek and was allowed to read freely in her father's library.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019271_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019271-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sherwood states in her autobiography that by the age of thirteen, she had reached her full height, but her mother continued to dress her like a child, so she hid in the woods with a book and a doll.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood191050_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood191050-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite her lonely childhood, she seems to have enjoyed attending Madame St. Quentin's <a href="/wiki/Reading_Abbey#Abbey_Gateway" title="Reading Abbey">School for Girls at Reading Abbey</a>, which was run by French <a href="/wiki/%C3%89migr%C3%A9" title="Émigré">émigrés</a> and also attended by <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt19741–2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt19741–2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-demers2004_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sherwood spent some of her teenage years in <a href="/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield">Lichfield</a>, where she enjoyed the company of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">naturalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Darwin" title="Erasmus Darwin">Erasmus Darwin</a>, the educational reformer <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lovell_Edgeworth" title="Richard Lovell Edgeworth">Richard Lovell Edgeworth</a>, his daughter <a href="/wiki/Maria_Edgeworth" title="Maria Edgeworth">Maria Edgeworth</a>, and the poet <a href="/wiki/Anna_Seward" title="Anna Seward">Anna Seward</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith19462–3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith19462–3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although she was intellectually stimulated by them, she was distressed by their lack of faith and later described Richard Edgeworth as an "infidel".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood191011_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood191011-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also criticized Seward's persona of the female author, writing in her autobiography that she would never model herself on a woman who wore a wig and accumulated male flatterers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood191082_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood191082-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was determined to become a writer and her father encouraged her. When she was 17, her father helped her publish her first story, <i>Traditions</i> (1795).<sup id="cite_ref-demers2004_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019272–273_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019272–273-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Sherwood's father died in 1795, her family retired from active social life, since her mother preferred seclusion, and moved to <a href="/wiki/Bridgnorth" title="Bridgnorth">Bridgnorth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt19742_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt19742-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019272_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019272-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into "a somewhat uncomfortable house" in the town's High Street.<sup id="cite_ref-dickins_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dickins-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Bridgnorth Sherwood began writing <a href="/wiki/Sentimental_novel" title="Sentimental novel">sentimental novels</a>; in 1802 she sold <i>Margarita</i> for <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>40 to Mr. Hazard of <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>, and <i>The History of Susan Grey</i>, a <i><a href="/wiki/Pamela,_or_Virtue_Rewarded" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded">Pamela</a></i>-like novel, for £10.<sup id="cite_ref-demers2004_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt19742_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt19742-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also taught at a local <a href="/wiki/Sunday_school" title="Sunday school">Sunday school</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt19742_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt19742-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_India">Marriage and India</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Marriage and India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SherwoodLittleHenry.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Page reads "The History of Little Henry and His Bearer". Seventh Edition. Wellington: Printed by and for F. Houlston and Son. And sold by G. and S. Robinson, Paternoster-Row, London, and all other booksellers. 1816" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/SherwoodLittleHenry.png/170px-SherwoodLittleHenry.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/SherwoodLittleHenry.png/255px-SherwoodLittleHenry.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/SherwoodLittleHenry.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Title page from the seventh edition of <i>Little Henry and His Bearer</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1799, Sherwood married her cousin, Captain Henry Sherwood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood1910ix–i_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood1910ix–i-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For several years, she accompanied her husband and his regiment, the <a href="/wiki/53rd_(Shropshire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="53rd (Shropshire) Regiment of Foot">53rd Foot</a>, on postings throughout Britain. In 1804, he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Paymaster" title="Paymaster">paymaster</a>, which slightly improved their finances. In 1805 the regiment was ordered to India and the Sherwoods were forced to leave behind their first child, Mary Henrietta, with Sherwood's mother and sister in England.<sup id="cite_ref-demers2004_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019272–273_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019272–273-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sherwood's four-month voyage to India was hard; she was pregnant again and the regiment's ship was <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">attacked by French warships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-demers2004_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sherwoods stayed in India for eleven years, moving with the army and a growing family from Calcutta (<a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>) to Dinapore (<a href="/wiki/Danapur" title="Danapur">Danapur</a>), Berhampore (<a href="/wiki/Baharampur" class="mw-redirect" title="Baharampur">Baharampur</a>), Cawnpore (<a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a>. They had six children there: Henry (1805–1807), Lucy Martha (1807–1808), Lucy Elizabeth (1809–1835), Emily (1811–1833), Henry Martyn, who became a minister (1813 – 21 January 1912), and Sophia (born 1815).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt19744_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt19744-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt19743-5_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt19743-5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of her second child, Henry, of <a href="/wiki/Whooping_cough" title="Whooping cough">whooping cough</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood1910280–290_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood1910280–290-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sherwood began to consider converting to <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical Christianity</a>. The missionary <a href="/wiki/Henry_Martyn" title="Henry Martyn">Henry Martyn</a> (after whom she had named her sixth child) finally convinced her, but it was the chaplain to the company who first made her aware of her "human depravity" and need for redemption.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood1910310_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood1910310-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After her conversion, she was anxious to pursue evangelical missionary work in India, but she first had to persuade the <a href="/wiki/Honourable_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Honourable East India Company">East India Company</a> that its policy of religious neutrality was ill-conceived. The social and political support for missionary programmes in Britain eventually persuaded the company to approve her endeavours.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197413_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197413-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019273_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019273-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sherwood set up schools for the children of army officers and for the local Indian children attached to the camp. They were often taught in her home because no buildings were available. The first school began with 13 children and grew to over 40, with pupils ranging from the very young to adolescents; uneducated soldiers attended at times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019273_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019273-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sherwood discovered that traditional British teaching materials did not appeal to children raised in India and so wrote her own Indian and army-themed stories, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Little_Henry_and_his_Bearer" title="The History of Little Henry and his Bearer">The History of Little Henry and his Bearer</a></i> (1814) and <i>The Memoirs of Sergeant Dale, his Daughter and the Orphan Mary</i> (1815).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197414–16_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197414–16-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019273–275_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019273–275-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sherwood adopted neglected or orphaned children from the camp. In 1807 she adopted a three-year-old who had been given too much medicinal gin and in 1808 a malnourished two-year-old.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197418_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197418-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She found homes for those she could not adopt and founded an orphanage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197418_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197418-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1816, on medical advice, she and her family returned to Britain. Sherwood relates in her autobiography that she was continually ill in India; it was believed at the time that neither she nor her children could survive in a tropical climate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood1910326–327_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood1910326–327-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_Britain_and_death">Return to Britain and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Return to Britain and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the Sherwoods returned to Britain, they were financially strapped. Captain Sherwood, having been put on half-pay, opened a school in Henwick, <a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a>. Relying on her fame as an author and her teaching experience in India, Sherwood decided to establish a boarding school for girls in Wick; it remained in operation for eight years.<sup id="cite_ref-demers2004_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019277–278_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019277–278-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She taught English, French, <a href="/wiki/History_of_astronomy#Copernican_revolution" title="History of astronomy">astronomy</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS"><span title="Anchor "History of astronomy#Copernican revolution" links to a specific web page: "Copernican Revolution". The anchor (Copernican revolution) has been deleted. (2024-09-22)">broken anchor</span></a></i>]</sup>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_geography#Early_modern_period" title="History of geography">geography</a>, grammar, writing and arithmetic. At the same time, she wrote hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Tract_(literature)" title="Tract (literature)">tracts</a>, novels, and other works for children and the poor, increasing her popularity in both the United States and Britain. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_History_of_Henry_Milner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The History of Henry Milner (page does not exist)">The History of Henry Milner</a></i> (1822) was one of Sherwood's most successful books; children sent her fan mail, begging her to write a sequel; one child sent her "ornamental pens" with which to do so. Babies were named after the hero.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith194662_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith194662-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sherwood published much of what she wrote in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Youth%27s_Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Youth's Magazine (page does not exist)">The Youth's Magazine</a></i>, a children's periodical that she edited for over 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-demers2004_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019278_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019278-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1830s, the Sherwoods had become more prosperous and the family decided to travel to the European continent. The texts that Sherwood wrote following this trip reflect her exposure to French culture. She also embarked on a large and complex <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> project at this time, for which she learned Hebrew. To assist her, her husband assembled, over the course of ten years, a large Hebrew-English <a href="/wiki/Concordance_(publishing)" title="Concordance (publishing)">concordance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-demers2004_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019280_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019280-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sherwood's autobiography provides few details of the last approximately forty years of her life, although even in her seventies, Sherwood wrote for four or five hours a day;<sup id="cite_ref-demers2004_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many of the books were co-authored with Sherwood's daughter, Sophia. According to M. Nancy Cutt, a Sherwood scholar, this joint authorship led to a "watery sentimentality" not evident in Sherwood's earlier works as well as a greater emphasis on issues of class.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197492–93_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197492–93-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1849, the Sherwoods moved to <a href="/wiki/Twickenham" title="Twickenham">Twickenham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, and in December of that year Captain Sherwood died. Sherwood herself died almost two years later on 20 September 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-demers2004_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt19745_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt19745-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_analysis">Literary analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Literary analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sherwood scholar M. Nancy Cutt has argued that Sherwood's career divides into three periods: (1) her <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romantic</a> period (1795–1805), in which she wrote a few <a href="/wiki/Sentimental_novel" title="Sentimental novel">sentimental novels</a>, (2) her <a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">evangelical</a> period (1810 – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1830</span>), in which she produced her most popular and influential works, and (3) her post-evangelical period (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1830–1851</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt1974x_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt1974x-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several underlying themes pervade most of Sherwood's works through these periods: "her conviction of inherent human corruption", her belief that literature "had a catechetical utility" for every rank of society, her belief that "the dynamics of family life" should reflect central Christian principles, and her "virulent" <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">anti-Catholicism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-demers2004_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_writings:_Sentimental_novels">Early writings: Sentimental novels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early writings: Sentimental novels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sherwood's earliest works are the sentimental novels <i>Traditions</i> (1795) and <i>Margarita</i> (1795). Both are more worldly than her later works, but neither received much recognition. By contrast, <i>The History of Susan Gray</i>, written for the girls of her Sunday school class in Bridgnorth, made Sherwood a famous author. Like <a href="/wiki/Hannah_More" title="Hannah More">Hannah More's</a> tracts, it is designed to teach middle-class morality to the poor. This novel, which children's literature scholar <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Demers" title="Patricia Demers">Patricia Demers</a>, describes as a "purified <i><a href="/wiki/Pamela,_or_Virtue_Rewarded" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded">Pamela</a></i>",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991143_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemers1991143-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tells the story of Susan, an orphaned servant girl who "resists the advances of a philandering soldier; though trembling with emotion at the man's declaration of love and promise of marriage".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991143_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemers1991143-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Susan's story is told from her deathbed, so the reader is regularly reminded of the "wages of sin". A separate narrator, seemingly Sherwood, often interrupts the tale to warn readers against particular actions, such as deceiving themselves that God will spare "bad women"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991143_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemers1991143-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because there are so many of them. Despite a <a href="/wiki/Didactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Didactic">didactic</a> tone that is often distasteful to modern readers, <i>Susan Gray</i> was so popular at the time of its publication that it was pirated by several publishers. In 1816, Sherwood published a revised version, which <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Trimmer" title="Sarah Trimmer">Sarah Trimmer</a> reviewed positively in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian_of_Education" title="The Guardian of Education">The Guardian of Education</a></i>. Sherwood wrote a companion story to <i>Susan Gray</i>, <i>The History of Lucy Clare</i>, which was published in 1810.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019272_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019272-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_literary_influences">French literary influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: French literary influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Sherwood disagreed with the principles espoused by <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolutionaries</a>, her own works are modelled on French children's literature, much of it infused with <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseauvian</a> ideals. For example, in <i>The History of Henry Milner, Part<span class="nowrap"> </span>I</i> (1822) and <i>The History of the Fairchild Family, Part<span class="nowrap"> </span>I</i> (1818), Sherwood adopts <a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Berquin" title="Arnaud Berquin">Arnaud Berquin's</a> "habitual pattern of small domestic situations acted out by children under the eye of parents or fellows".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197443_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197443-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, <i>The Lady of the Manor</i> (1823–1829) shares similar themes and structures with <a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Genlis" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame de Genlis">Madame de Genlis'</a> <i>Tales of the Castle</i> (1785).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197443_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197443-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> David Hanson, a scholar of nineteenth-century literature, has questioned this interpretation, arguing that the tales told by the maternal figure in <i>The Lady of the Manor</i> demonstrate a "distrust of parents", and of mothers in particular, because they illustrate the folly of overly permissive parenting. In these inset stories, only outsiders discipline children correctly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanson198950_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanson198950-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of Sherwood's aims in her evangelically-themed <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_History_of_Henry_Milner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The History of Henry Milner (page does not exist)">The History of Henry Milner</a></i> (1822–1837) was to challenge what she saw as the irreligion inherent in French pedagogy. <i>Henry Milner</i> was written in response to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Day_(writer)" title="Thomas Day (writer)">Thomas Day's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Sandford_and_Merton" title="The History of Sandford and Merton">The History of Sandford and Merton</a></i> (1783–1789), a novel founded on the philosophy of Rousseau (whose writings Sherwood had lambasted as "the well-spring of infidelity").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019278_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019278-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The children's literature scholar Janis Dawson indicates that the structure and emphasis of <i>Henry</i> much resemble Rousseau's <i><a href="/wiki/Emile:_Or,_On_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Emile: Or, On Education">Emile</a></i> (1762): their pedagogies are similar, even if their underlying assumptions about childhood conflict. Both books isolate the child in order to encourage learning from the natural world, but Sherwood's Henry is naturally depraved, while Rousseau's Emile is naturally good.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019278_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019278-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the series progressed, Sherwood's views of religion changed (she became a <a href="/wiki/Universal_reconciliation" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal reconciliation">universalist</a>), causing her to place greater emphasis on childhood innocence in later volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanson198955_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanson198955-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Evangelicalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The strongest themes in Sherwood's early evangelical writings are the need to recognize one's innate "depravity" and the need to prepare for eternity.<sup id="cite_ref-demers2004_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Sherwood, her main themes emphasize "faith, resignation, and implicit obedience to the will of God".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her adaptation of <a href="/wiki/John_Bunyan" title="John Bunyan">John Bunyan</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_Progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim's Progress">Pilgrim's Progress</a></i> (1678), <i>The Infant's Progress</i> (1821), she represents <a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">original sin</a> as a child named "In-bred Sin" who tempts the young pilgrims on their way to the Celestial City (Heaven). It is these battles with In-bred Sin that constitute the major conflict of the text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegory</a> is complex and, as Demers admits, "tedious" for even the "willing reader".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991137_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemers1991137-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Demers, "some young readers may have found [In-bred Sin's] activities more interesting than the spiritual struggles of the little heroes, reading the book as an adventure story rather than as a guide to salvation".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such religious allegory, though not always so overt, continued to be a favourite literary device of Sherwood's.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sherwood infused her works with political and social messages dear to evangelicals in the 1810s and 1820s, such as the crucial role of missions, the value of charity, the evils of <a href="/wiki/Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave">slavery</a>, and the need for <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sabbath observance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39_39-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She wrote biblically-based introductions to astronomy and ancient history so that children would have Christian textbooks. As Cutt argues, "the intent of these (as indeed of all Evangelical texts) was to offset the deistic tendency to consider knowledge an end in itself".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39_39-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She revised classic children's books on religious grounds, such as <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Fielding" title="Sarah Fielding">Sarah Fielding</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Governess,_or_The_Little_Female_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Governess, or The Little Female Academy">The Governess</a></i> (1749).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39_39-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These efforts to make religion more palatable through children's fiction were not always seen favourably by the evangelical community; <i><a href="/wiki/The_Evangelical_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="The Evangelical Magazine">The Evangelical Magazine</a></i> reviewed harshly her <i>Stories Explanatory of the Church Catechism</i> (1817), complaining it was overly reliant on exciting fictional tales to convey its religious message.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197486_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197486-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosman1984190–191_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosman1984190–191-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_History_of_the_Fairchild_Family_(1818–1847)"><span id="The_History_of_the_Fairchild_Family_.281818.E2.80.931847.29"></span><i>The History of the Fairchild Family</i> (1818–1847)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The History of the Fairchild Family (1818–1847)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_History_of_the_Fairchild_Family" title="The History of the Fairchild Family">The History of the Fairchild Family</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FairchildFamily.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Page reads "The History of the Fairchild Family; or, The Child's Manual; Being a Collection of Stories Calculated to Shew the Importance and Effects of a Religious Education." By Mrs. Sherwood, and her daughter, Mrs. Streeten, author of "Henry Milner", "Orphan of Normandy", "Hedge of Thorns", &c. Part III. London: J. Hatchard and Son, p. 187, Piccadilly, 1847." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/FairchildFamily.png/220px-FairchildFamily.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/FairchildFamily.png 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Title page from Part<span class="nowrap"> </span>III of <i>The Fairchild Family</i></figcaption></figure> <p>As Cutt argues, "the great overriding metaphor of all [Sherwood's] work is the representation of divine order by the harmonious family relationship (inevitably set in its own pastoral Eden).<span class="nowrap"> </span>... No writer made it clearer to her readers that the child who is dutiful within his family is blessed in the sight of God; or stressed more firmly that family bonds are but the earthly and visible end of a spiritual bond running up to the very throne of God".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197441_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197441-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demers has referred to this "consciously double vision" as the quintessentially <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> element of Sherwood's writing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991131_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemers1991131-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of all Sherwood's evangelically themed books, <i>The History of the Fairchild Family</i> was the most popular. It was published by <a href="/wiki/John_Hatchard" title="John Hatchard">John Hatchard</a> of <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly" title="Piccadilly">Piccadilly</a>, which gave it and the other ten other books published with him a "social distinction" not attached to her other publications.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197460_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197460-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Fairchild Family</i> tells the story of a family striving towards godliness and consists of a series of lessons taught by the Fairchild parents to their three children (Emily, Lucy and Henry) regarding not only the proper orientation of their souls towards Heaven but also the right earthly morality (envy, greed, lying, disobedience, and fighting are immoral). The overarching narrative of the tale includes a series of tract-like stories that illustrate these moral lessons. For example, stories of the deaths of two neighbourhood children, Charles Trueman and Miss Augusta Noble, help the Fairchild children to understand how and why they need to look to the state of their own hearts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallone199184_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallone199184-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The faithful and "true" Charles has a transcendent deathbed experience, suggesting he is saved; by contrast, the heedless, disobedient Augusta burns up while playing with candles and is presumably damned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallone199184_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallone199184-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike previous <a href="/wiki/Allegorical" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegorical">allegorical</a> literature with these themes, such as Bunyan's <i>Pilgrim's Progress</i>, Sherwood domesticated her story with actions in the children's day-to-day lives, such as stealing fruit. These are important because they relate directly to their salvation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197466_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197466-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each chapter includes thematically linked prayers and hymns, by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Doddridge" title="Philip Doddridge">Philip Doddridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Watts" title="Isaac Watts">Isaac Watts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wesley" title="Charles Wesley">Charles Wesley</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Cowper" title="William Cowper">William Cowper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ann_Taylor_(poet)" title="Ann Taylor (poet)">Ann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jane_Taylor_(poet)" title="Jane Taylor (poet)">Jane Taylor</a>, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197477_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197477-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Fairchild Family</i> remained in print until 1913, despite the increasingly popular <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">Wordsworthian</a> image of childhood innocence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197466_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197466-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dickensian scholar Lois E. Chaney has suggested that it "influenced Dickens's depictions of Pip's fears of the convict, the gibbet, and 'the horrible young man' at the close of Chapter 1" in <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Expectations" title="Great Expectations">Great Expectations</a></i> (1860–1861).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The children's literature scholar <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Avery" title="Gillian Avery">Gillian Avery</a> has argued that <i>The Fairchild Family</i> was "as much a part of English childhood as <i>Alice</i> was later to become".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the book was popular, some scraps of evidence have survived suggesting that readers did not always interpret it as Sherwood would have wanted. Lord Frederic Hamilton writes, for instance, that "there was plenty about eating and drinking; one could always skip the prayers, and there were three or four very brightly written accounts of funerals in it".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197467_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197467-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although <i>The Fairchild Family</i> has gained a reputation in the twentieth century as <a href="/wiki/Didactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Didactic">didactic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019270_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019270-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarper20042–3_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarper20042–3-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the early nineteenth century it was viewed as delightfully realistic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197467_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197467-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Mary_Yonge" title="Charlotte Mary Yonge">Charlotte Mary Yonge</a> (1823–1901), a critic who also wrote children's literature, praised "the gusto with which [Sherwood] dwells on new dolls" and "the absolutely sensational naughtiness" of the children.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019277_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019277-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most twentieth-century critics, including <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>, who called it "an evil book", have condemned the book's harshness, pointing to the Fairchilds' moral-filled visit to a <a href="/wiki/Gibbet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibbet">gibbet</a> with a rotting corpse swinging from it; but Cutt and others argue that the positive depiction of the nuclear family in the text, particularly Sherwood's emphasis on parents' responsibility to educate their own children, was important to the book's appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197468_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197468-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She argues that Sherwood's "influence", through books such as the <i>Fairchild Family</i>, "upon the domestic pattern of Victorian life can hardly be overestimated".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197441_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197441-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Fairchild Family</i> was so successful that Sherwood wrote two sequels, in 1842 and 1847. These reflected her changing values as well as those of the Victorian period. Significantly, the servants in Part<span class="nowrap"> </span>I, "who are almost part of the family, are pushed aside in Part<span class="nowrap"> </span>III by their gossiping, flattering counterparts in the fine manor-house."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197460_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197460-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most extensive thematic change in the series was the disappearance of evangelicalism. Whereas all the lessons in Part<span class="nowrap"> </span>I highlight the children's "human depravity" and encourage the reader to think in terms of the afterlife, in Parts II<span class="nowrap"> </span>and III, other <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> values such as "respectability" and filial obedience come to the fore.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197476_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197476-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dawson describes the difference in terms of parental indulgence; in Parts II and III, the Fairchild parents employ softer disciplinary tactics than in Part<span class="nowrap"> </span>I.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019277_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019277-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Evangelical_tract_literature_in_the_1820s_and_1830s">Evangelical tract literature in the 1820s and 1830s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Evangelical tract literature in the 1820s and 1830s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1820s and 1830s, Sherwood wrote a great many <a href="/wiki/Tract_(literature)" title="Tract (literature)">tracts</a> for the poor. Like her novels for the middle class, they "taught the lessons of personal endurance, reliance on Providence, and acceptance of one's earthly status".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009416–417_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009416–417-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emphasizing individual experience and one's personal relationship with God, they discouraged readers from attributing their successes or failures to "larger economic and political forces".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009416–417_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009416–417-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this, they resembled the <i><a href="/wiki/Cheap_Repository_Tracts" title="Cheap Repository Tracts">Cheap Repository Tracts</a></i>, many written by <a href="/wiki/Hannah_More" title="Hannah More">Hannah More</a>. As Linda Peterson, a scholar of nineteenth-century women's literature, argues, Sherwood's tracts use a Biblical "interpretative frame" to highlight the fleetingness of earthly things.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009421_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009421-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in <i>A Drive in the Coach through the Streets of London</i> (1819), Julia is granted the privilege of shopping with her mother only if she will "behave wisely in the streets" and "not give [her] mind to self-pleasing".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She cannot keep this promise and she eagerly peeks in at every store window and begs her mother to buy her everything she sees. Her mother, therefore, allows her to select one item from every shop. Julia, ecstatic, chooses blue satin boots, a penknife, and a new hat with flowers, and other items until the pair reach the undertaker's shop. There her mood droops considerably and she realizes the moral of the lesson, recited by her mother, as she picks out a coffin: "but she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth" (<a href="/wiki/1_Timothy" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Timothy">1 Timothy</a> 5:6).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009420–421_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009420–421-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anti-Catholicism_in_the_1830s">Anti-Catholicism in the 1830s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Anti-Catholicism in the 1830s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sherwood's <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">anti-Catholicism</a> appears most obviously in her works from the 1820s and 1830s. During the 1820s in Britain, Catholics were agitating for greater civil rights and it was at this time that Sherwood wrote her most sustained attacks against them. When the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Relief_Act_1829" title="Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829">Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829</a> was passed, Sherwood and many like her were frightened of the influence Catholics might gain in the government and wrote <i>Victoria</i> (1833), <i>The Nun</i> (1833),<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>The Monk of Cimies</i> (1834) to illustrate some of the supposed dangers of Catholicism. <i>The Monk</i> narrates, in the first person, Edmund Etherington's decision to renounce the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> and join the Catholic church. While a monk, he ridicules his fellow brothers, plans a murder and debauches a young woman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991145_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemers1991145-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some evangelicals disagreed with her views on Catholic Emancipation and were uncomfortable with these books; one evangelical reviewer called <i>The Monk of Cimies</i> "unfair and unconvincing".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019278_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019278-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonialism">Colonialism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Colonialism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Little_Henry_and_his_Bearer" title="The History of Little Henry and his Bearer">The History of Little Henry and his Bearer</a></div> <p>While in India, Sherwood wrote a series of texts based on colonial life. Her most popular, <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Little_Henry_and_his_Bearer" title="The History of Little Henry and his Bearer">The History of Little Henry and his Bearer</a></i> (1814), tells of a young British boy who, on his deathbed, converts Boosy, the Indian man who has taken care of him throughout his childhood. The book was enormously successful; it reached 37 editions by 1850 and was translated into French, German, Spanish, <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinhalese language">Sinhalese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991139_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemers1991139-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sherwood's tale blends the <a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">realistic</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Sentimentality" title="Sentimentality">sentimental</a> and introduces her readers to Hindustani words and descriptions of what she felt was authentic Indian life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197417–18_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197417–18-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Cutt explains, "With this work, the obituary tract (which invariably stressed conversion and a Christian death) had assumed the colouring of romance."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197417–18_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197417–18-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sherwood also wrote a companion story titled <i>Little Lucy and her Dhaye</i> (1825) that told a similar tale.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SherwoodHenryIllustration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Indian man is holding a white boy in his arms and pointing to something. They are standing in front of palm trees and a hut." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/SherwoodHenryIllustration.jpg/170px-SherwoodHenryIllustration.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/SherwoodHenryIllustration.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Frontispiece to a later edition of <i>The History of Little Henry and his Bearer</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1830</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p><i>The Indian Pilgrim</i> (1818) demonstrates Sherwood's religious biases: "Muslims and Jews receive better treatment than Hindus because of their belief in one God, but Roman Catholics fare little better than the Hindu idolaters."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274–275_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274–275-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Indian Pilgrim</i>, though never published in India, was popular in Britain and America.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274–275_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274–275-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sherwood also wrote texts for Indian servants of British families in the style of British writings for the poor. One such was <i>The Ayah and Lady</i> (1813) in which the <i>ayah</i> or maid is "portrayed as sly, selfish, lazy, and untrustworthy. Her employers are well aware of her faults, yet they tolerate her".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274–275_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274–275-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more <a href="/wiki/Cultural_sensitivity" title="Cultural sensitivity">culturally sensitive</a> and realistic portrayal of Indians appears in <i>The Last Days of Boosy</i> (1842), a sequel to <i>The History of Little Henry and his Bearer</i>, where the converted Boosy is cast out of his family and community after his conversion to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274–275_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274–275-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sherwood's writings on India reveal her sense of superiority over the inhabitants of India; <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">the subcontinent</a> therefore appears in her works as a morally corrupt land in need of reformation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019273_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019273-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197420_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197420-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991134_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemers1991134-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She wrote <i>The History of George Desmond</i> (1821) to warn young men of the dangers of emigrating to India. Sherwood's books shaped the minds of several generations of young Britons. According to Cutt, Sherwood's depictions of India were among the few available to young British readers; such children "acquired a strong conviction of the rightness of missions, which, while it inculcated sincere concern for, and a genuine kindness towards an alien people for whom Britain was responsible, quite destroyed any latent respect for Indian tradition."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197421_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197421-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Using a <a href="/wiki/Postcolonialism" title="Postcolonialism">postcolonial</a> analysis, Nandini Bhattacharya emphasizes the complex relationship between Sherwood's evangelicalism and her colonialism. She argues that Sherwood's evangelical stories demonstrate the deep colonial "mistrust of feminized agency", represented by a dying child in <i>Little Henry and his Bearer</i>. Henry "subvert[s] the colonialist's fantasy of universal identity by generating a subaltern identity that mimics and explodes that fantasy". But ultimately, Bhattacharya argues, Sherwood creates neither a wholly colonialist text nor a post-colonial text; the deaths of children such as Henry eliminate any possibility for an alternative consciousnesses to mature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhattacharya2001383_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhattacharya2001383-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_writings:_Victorianism">Later writings: Victorianism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Later writings: Victorianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1830, Sherwood's works had drifted from evangelicalism and reflected more conventional Victorian plots and themes. For example, <i>Gipsy Babes</i> (1826), perhaps inspired by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Guy_Mannering" title="Guy Mannering">Guy Mannering</a></i> (1815), emphasizes "human affections".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197487_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197487-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1835, she wrote a <a href="/wiki/Gothic_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic novel">Gothic novel</a> for adolescents entitled <i>Shanty the Blacksmith,</i> which Cutt calls "a gripping [and] exciting tale"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197489_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197489-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and employs the tropes of the genre: "lost heir, ruined castle, humble helpers and faithful retainer, sinister and mysterious gypsies, prisoner and plot".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197489_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197489-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1835, Sherwood published the novel <i>Caroline Mordaunt</i>, about a young woman forced to become a <a href="/wiki/Governess" title="Governess">governess</a>. Her parents die when she is young, but luckily relatives pay to educate her, so she can earn her own living. It follows her progress from a flighty, discontented girl to a reliable, content woman; she learns to accommodate herself to the whims of a proud nobility, silly literati, and dogmatic evangelicals. She realizes that in her dependent position she must be content with less than complete happiness. Once she recognizes this, though, she finds God, and in the last chapter an ideal husband, so granting her near-complete happiness after all. Cutt suggests that in these works, Sherwood drew on Jane Austen and Jane Taylor for a new "lively, humorous, and satirical strain".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197490_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197490-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In both later works such as <i>Caroline Mordaunt</i> and her earlier evangelical texts, Sherwood followed the Victorian project of prescribing gender roles; while her later works outlined ever more stringent and narrow roles for each sex, her early works such as <i>The Fairchild Family</i> suggested demarcations as well: Lucy and Emily learn to sew and keep house while Henry tends the garden and learns <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019277_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019277-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FairchildFamily1818Frontispiece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black-and-white illustration showing two girls and a boy in a domestic setting. One girl is reading and another is playing with a doll while the boy is bothering them. Their mother looks on." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/FairchildFamily1818Frontispiece.jpg/220px-FairchildFamily1818Frontispiece.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="399" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/FairchildFamily1818Frontispiece.jpg/330px-FairchildFamily1818Frontispiece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/FairchildFamily1818Frontispiece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption>Frontispiece to the first edition of <i>The Fairchild Family, Part<span class="nowrap"> </span>I</i></figcaption></figure> <p>As Britain's education system became more secular in the later nineteenth century, Sherwood's evangelical books were used mainly to teach the poor and in <a href="/wiki/Sunday_school" title="Sunday school">Sunday schools</a>. Her missionary stories were the most influential of all her works, for according to Cutt, they "kept alive the missionary spirit and perpetuated that paternal attitude towards India that lasted into the [twentieth century], were widely imitated" and "an unfortunate assumption of racial superiority was fostered by the over-simplification of some of Mrs. Sherwood's successors".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197497_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197497-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They influenced <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Maria_Tucker" title="Charlotte Maria Tucker">Charlotte Maria Tucker</a> ("A.L.O.E.") and even perhaps <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019280_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019280-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, Sherwood's early works were popular and republished well into the 1840s; thereafter a tradition of specifically American children's literature began to develop with authors such as <a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019271_&_275_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019271_&_275-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sherwood was also instrumental in developing the ideology of the Victorian family. Cutt acknowledges that "the omniscient Victorian parent was not the creation of Mrs. Sherwood, but of the Victorians themselves; nevertheless, by presenting the parent as God's vicar in the family, she had planted and fostered the idea".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197498_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197498-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prevalence of death in Sherwood's early stories and vivid portrayal of its worldly and otherworldly consequences have often caused twentieth-century critics to deride her works.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019270_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019270-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Sherwood's stories influenced the styles for other writers such as <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Charles Kingsley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Mary_Yonge" title="Charlotte Mary Yonge">Charlotte Mary Yonge</a>. It has been surmised that <a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a> used <i>Henry Milner</i> as the basis for his imaginative autobiography <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praeterita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praeterita (page does not exist)">Praeterita</a></i> (1885–1889).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanson198945–47_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanson198945–47-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sherwood's narrative experiments with various genres allowed other writers to pursue innovative forms of <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's fiction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197499_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197499-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her imaginative use of tracts domesticated reformist literature and encouraged radicals such as <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Martineau" title="Harriet Martineau">Harriet Martineau</a> to employ the same genre, although for opposite purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009416_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009416-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallone199183–89_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallone199183–89-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the popularity of Sherwood's works and their impact on later writers, Janis Dawson writes: "Though her books are no longer widely read, she is regarded as one of the most significant authors of children's literature of the nineteenth century".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019280–281_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019280–281-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Mary_Martha_Sherwood" class="mw-redirect" title="List of works by Mary Martha Sherwood">List of works by Mary Martha Sherwood</a></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Little_Henry_and_his_Bearer" title="The History of Little Henry and his Bearer">The History of Little Henry and his Bearer</a></i>, 1814</li> <li><i>The History of Susan Gray</i>, 1815, revised</li> <li><i>Stories Explanatory of the Church Catechism</i>, 1817</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_the_Fairchild_Family" title="The History of the Fairchild Family">The History of the Fairchild Family</a></i>, 1818</li> <li><i>The Indian Pilgrim</i>, 1818</li> <li><i>An Introduction to Geography</i>, 1818</li> <li><i>The Governess, or The Little Female Academy</i>, 1820</li> <li><i>The History of George Desmond</i>, 1821</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aqPJRf7rSDgC&dq=mary+martha+sherwood&pg=PP15"><i>The Infant's Progress</i>, 1821, 2nd edition</a></li> <li><i>The History of Henry Milner</i>, 1822</li> <li><i>The History of Little Lucy and her Dhaye</i>, 1823</li> <li><i>The Lady of the Manor</i>, 1823–1829</li> <li><i>Soffrona and her Cat Muff</i>, 1828</li> <li><i>Scripture Prints, with Explanations in the Form of Familiar Dialogues</i>, 1831</li> <li><i>The Monk of Cimies</i>, 1834</li> <li><i>Caroline Mordaunt, or The Governess</i>, 1835</li> <li><i>Shanty the Blacksmith</i>, 1835</li> <li><i>The Last Days of Boosy, the Bearer of Little Henry</i> 1842</li> <li><i>The Youth's Magazine</i> (1822–1848) – "This periodical<span class="nowrap"> </span>... brought out tales, tracts, and articles by Mrs. Sherwood for over twenty-five years (signed at first M.M., and after 1827, M.M.S.) The earlier tales were rapidly reprinted by Houlston, Darton, Melrose, Knight and Lacey and the R.T.S. [Religious Tract Society], as well as by various American publishers".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt1974144_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt1974144-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Works of Mrs. Sherwood</i> by Harper & Bros. (1834–1857) –  collected works</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also <a href="#CITEREFVallone1991">Vallone 1991</a>, p. 85 and <a href="#CITEREFHarper2004">Harper 2004</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in <a href="#CITEREFHarper2004">Harper 2004</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also <a href="#CITEREFRosman1984">Rosman 1984</a>, pp. 114–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also <a href="#CITEREFHarper2004">Harper 2004</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in <a href="#CITEREFPeterson2009">Peterson 2009</a>, p. 417.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-demers2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-demers2004_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demers2004_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demers2004_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demers2004_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demers2004_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demers2004_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demers2004_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demers2004_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demers2004_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demers2004_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demers2004_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demers2004_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demers2004_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demers2004_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDemers2004" class="citation book cs1">Demers, Patricia (2004). "Mary Martha Sherwood". <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/search?q=Sherwood+%5Bn%C3%A9e+Butt%5D%2C+Mary+Martha+%281775%E2%80%931851%29%2C+children%27s+writer+and+educationist"><i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></a></span>. London: Oxford University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mary+Martha+Sherwood&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Demers&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DSherwood%2B%255Bn%25C3%25A9e%2BButt%255D%252C%2BMary%2BMartha%2B%25281775%25E2%2580%25931851%2529%252C%2Bchildren%2527s%2Bwriter%2Band%2Beducationist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Martha+Sherwood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019281-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019281_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawson2019">Dawson 2019</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197497–98-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197497–98_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, pp. 97–98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood191033-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood191033_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwood1910">Sherwood 1910</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood191029-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood191029_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwood1910">Sherwood 1910</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood191034-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood191034_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwood1910">Sherwood 1910</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019271-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019271_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawson2019">Dawson 2019</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood191050-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood191050_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwood1910">Sherwood 1910</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt19741–2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt19741–2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, pp. 1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith19462–3-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith19462–3_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1946">Smith 1946</a>, pp. 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood191011-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood191011_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwood1910">Sherwood 1910</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood191082-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood191082_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwood1910">Sherwood 1910</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019272–273-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019272–273_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019272–273_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawson2019">Dawson 2019</a>, pp. 272–273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt19742-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt19742_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt19742_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt19742_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019272-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019272_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019272_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawson2019">Dawson 2019</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dickins-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dickins_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickins1987" class="citation book cs1">Dickins, Gordon (1987). <i>An Illustrated Literary Guide to Shropshire</i>. 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt19744_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt19743-5-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt19743-5_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 3-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood1910280–290-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood1910280–290_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwood1910">Sherwood 1910</a>, p. 280–290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood1910310-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood1910310_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwood1910">Sherwood 1910</a>, p. 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197413-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197413_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019273-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019273_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019273_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019273_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawson2019">Dawson 2019</a>, p. 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197414–16-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197414–16_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, pp. 14–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019273–275-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019273–275_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawson2019">Dawson 2019</a>, pp. 273–275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197418-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197418_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197418_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood1910326–327-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood1910326–327_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwood1910">Sherwood 1910</a>, pp. 326–327.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019277–278-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019277–278_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawson2019">Dawson 2019</a>, pp. 277–278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith194662-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith194662_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1946">Smith 1946</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019278-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019278_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019278_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019278_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019278_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawson2019">Dawson 2019</a>, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019280-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019280_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019280_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawson2019">Dawson 2019</a>, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197492–93-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197492–93_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, pp. 92–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt19745-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt19745_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt1974x-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt1974x_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. x.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemers1991143-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991143_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991143_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991143_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39_39-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39_39-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197438–39_39-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, pp. 38–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemers1991137-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991137_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemers1991">Demers 1991</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemers1991131-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991131_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemers1991">Demers 1991</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197460-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197460_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197460_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallone199184-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallone199184_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallone199184_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVallone1991">Vallone 1991</a>, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197466-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a 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(1983). 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Liverpool, England: Liverpool University Press. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846310706" title="Special:BookSources/9781846310706"><bdi>9781846310706</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+Sensationalism+and+Victorian+Literature&rft.place=Liverpool%2C+England&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781846310706&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Martha+Sherwood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemers1991145-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991145_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemers1991">Demers 1991</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemers1991139-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991139_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemers1991">Demers 1991</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197417–18-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197417–18_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197417–18_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, pp. 17–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegaignon2001" class="citation journal cs1">Regaignon, Dara Rossman (2001). "Intimacy's Empire: Children, Servants, and Missionaries in Mary Martha Sherwood's 'Little Henry and his Bearer'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Children's Literature Association Quarterly</i>. <b>26</b> (2): 92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fchq.0.1672">10.1353/chq.0.1672</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144409150">144409150</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Children%27s+Literature+Association+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Intimacy%27s+Empire%3A+Children%2C+Servants%2C+and+Missionaries+in+Mary+Martha+Sherwood%27s+%27Little+Henry+and+his+Bearer%27&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=92&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fchq.0.1672&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144409150%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Regaignon&rft.aufirst=Dara+Rossman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Martha+Sherwood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274–275-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274–275_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274–275_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274–275_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019274–275_70-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawson2019">Dawson 2019</a>, pp. 274–275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197420-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197420_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemers1991134-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemers1991134_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemers1991">Demers 1991</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197421-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197421_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhattacharya2001383-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhattacharya2001383_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBhattacharya2001">Bhattacharya 2001</a>, p. 383.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197487-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197487_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197489-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197489_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197489_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197490-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197490_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197497-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197497_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019271_&_275-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019271_&_275_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawson2019">Dawson 2019</a>, pp. 271 & 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197498-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197498_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanson198945–47-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanson198945–47_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHanson1989">Hanson 1989</a>, pp. 45–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt197499-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt197499_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009416-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009416_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeterson2009">Peterson 2009</a>, p. 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallone199183–89-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallone199183–89_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVallone1991">Vallone 1991</a>, pp. 83–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2019280–281-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2019280–281_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawson2019">Dawson 2019</a>, pp. 280–281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECutt1974144-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECutt1974144_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCutt1974">Cutt 1974</a>, p. 144.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharya2001" class="citation journal cs1">Bhattacharya, Nandini (2001). "Maternal Plots, Colonialist Fictions: Colonial Pedagogy in Mary Martha Sherwood's Children's Stories". <i>Nineteenth-Century Contexts</i>. <b>23</b> (3): 381–415. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08905490108583549">10.1080/08905490108583549</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18700311">18700311</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26494582">26494582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nineteenth-Century+Contexts&rft.atitle=Maternal+Plots%2C+Colonialist+Fictions%3A+Colonial+Pedagogy+in+Mary+Martha+Sherwood%27s+Children%27s+Stories&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=381-415&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26494582%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18700311&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08905490108583549&rft.aulast=Bhattacharya&rft.aufirst=Nandini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Martha+Sherwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCutt1974" class="citation book cs1">Cutt, M. Nancy (1974). <i>Mrs. Sherwood and Her Books for Children</i>. London: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-278010-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-278010-7"><bdi>0-19-278010-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mrs.+Sherwood+and+Her+Books+for+Children&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-19-278010-7&rft.aulast=Cutt&rft.aufirst=M.+Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Martha+Sherwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawson2019" class="citation book cs1">Dawson, Janis (2019). "Mary Martha Sherwood". <i>Dictionary of Literary Biography</i>. Vol. 163. Detroit, Michigan: Gale. pp. 267–281. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0787696603" title="Special:BookSources/978-0787696603"><bdi>978-0787696603</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mary+Martha+Sherwood&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Literary+Biography&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=267-281&rft.pub=Gale&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0787696603&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Janis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Martha+Sherwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemers1991" class="citation book cs1">Demers, Patricia (1991). "Mrs. Sherwood and Hesba Stretton: The Letter and Spirit of Evangelical Writing for Children". In McGavran, Jr., James Holt (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780820312897/mode/2up"><i>Romanticism and Children's Literature in Nineteenth-century England</i></a>. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. pp. 129–149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8203-1289-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8203-1289-4"><bdi>0-8203-1289-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mrs.+Sherwood+and+Hesba+Stretton%3A+The+Letter+and+Spirit+of+Evangelical+Writing+for+Children&rft.btitle=Romanticism+and+Children%27s+Literature+in+Nineteenth-century+England&rft.place=Athens%2C+Georgia&rft.pages=129-149&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-8203-1289-4&rft.aulast=Demers&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780820312897%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Martha+Sherwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanson1989" class="citation journal cs1">Hanson, David C. (1989). "Ruskin's <i>Praeterita</i> and Landscape in Evangelical Children's Education". <i>Nineteenth-Century Literature</i>. <b>44</b> (1): 45–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3045106">10.2307/3045106</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3045106">3045106</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nineteenth-Century+Literature&rft.atitle=Ruskin%27s+Praeterita+and+Landscape+in+Evangelical+Children%27s+Education&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-66&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3045106&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3045106%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Martha+Sherwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper2004" class="citation journal cs1">Harper, Emily (2004). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Tormented Shadow of the Fairchild Children': What Can The History of the Fairchild Family Tell Us About Child-Rearing in the Early Nineteenth Century?". <i>History of Education Researcher</i>. <b>73</b>: 1–10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Education+Researcher&rft.atitle=%27The+Tormented+Shadow+of+the+Fairchild+Children%27%3A+What+Can+The+History+of+the+Fairchild+Family+Tell+Us+About+Child-Rearing+in+the+Early+Nineteenth+Century%3F&rft.volume=73&rft.pages=1-10&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Emily&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Martha+Sherwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2009" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, Linda H. (2009). <i>Becoming a Woman of Letters: Myths of Authorship and Facts of the Victorian Market</i>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400833252" title="Special:BookSources/9781400833252"><bdi>9781400833252</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+a+Woman+of+Letters%3A+Myths+of+Authorship+and+Facts+of+the+Victorian+Market&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781400833252&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Linda+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Martha+Sherwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosman1984" class="citation book cs1">Rosman, Doreen (1984). <i>Evangelicals and Culture</i>. London: Croom Helm. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7099-2253-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7099-2253-1"><bdi>0-7099-2253-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelicals+and+Culture&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Croom+Helm&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-7099-2253-1&rft.aulast=Rosman&rft.aufirst=Doreen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Martha+Sherwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1946" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Naomi Royde (1946). <i>The State of Mind of Mrs. Sherwood</i>. London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+State+of+Mind+of+Mrs.+Sherwood&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan+and+Co.+Ltd&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Naomi+Royde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Martha+Sherwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherwood1910" class="citation book cs1">Sherwood, Mary Martha (1910). Darton, F. J. Harvey (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=yul.11729336_000_00&view=1up&seq=1"><i>The Life and Times of Mrs. Sherwood from the Diaries of Captain and Mrs. Sherwood</i></a>. London: Wells Gardner, Darton & Co., Ltd<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+Mrs.+Sherwood+from+the+Diaries+of+Captain+and+Mrs.+Sherwood&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Wells+Gardner%2C+Darton+%26+Co.%2C+Ltd&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Sherwood&rft.aufirst=Mary+Martha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dyul.11729336_000_00%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Martha+Sherwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVallone1991" class="citation journal cs1">Vallone, Lynne (1991). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'A Humble Spirit under Correction': Tracts, Hymns, and the Ideology of Evangelical Fiction for Children, 1780–1820". <i>The Lion and the Unicorn</i>. <b>15</b> (2): 72–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Funi.0.0155">10.1353/uni.0.0155</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143540425">143540425</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lion+and+the+Unicorn&rft.atitle=%27A+Humble+Spirit+under+Correction%27%3A+Tracts%2C+Hymns%2C+and+the+Ideology+of+Evangelical+Fiction+for+Children%2C+1780%E2%80%931820&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=72-95&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Funi.0.0155&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143540425%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Vallone&rft.aufirst=Lynne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+Martha+Sherwood" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Mary_Martha_Sherwood" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Mary Martha Sherwood">Mary Martha Sherwood</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070622104731/http://www3.shropshire-cc.gov.uk/sherwood.htm">Biographical sketch of Sherwood and links to etexts at Literary Heritage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070622104731/http://www3.shropshire-cc.gov.uk/sherwood.htm">Finding aid at UCLA for their collection of Sherwood's manuscripts and diaries</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online_full-text_resources">Online full-text resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Martha_Sherwood&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Online full-text resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/4312">Works by Mary Martha Sherwood</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Sherwood%2C%20Mary%20Martha%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Sherwood%2C%20Mary%20M%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Sherwood%2C%20M%2E%20M%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Mary%20Martha%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Mary%20M%2E%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22M%2E%20M%2E%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Sherwood%2C%20Mary%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Mary%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Mary%20Martha%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Mary%20M%2E%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22M%2E%20M%2E%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22M%2E%20Martha%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Sherwood%2C%20Mary%20Martha%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Sherwood%2C%20Mary%20M%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Sherwood%2C%20M%2E%20M%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Sherwood%2C%20M%2E%20Martha%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Mary%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Sherwood%2C%20Mary%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Mary%20Martha%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Mary%20M%2E%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20title%3A%22M%2E%20M%2E%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Mary%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Mary%20Martha%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Mary%20M%2E%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20description%3A%22M%2E%20M%2E%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Sherwood%2C%20Mary%20Martha%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Sherwood%2C%20Mary%20M%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Mary%20Sherwood%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Sherwood%2C%20Mary%22%29%20OR%20%28%221775-1851%22%20AND%20Sherwood%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Mary Martha Sherwood</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/11131">Works by Mary Martha Sherwood</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/search.jsp?Erp=20&N=38537+38533+37910+4288027949&view=grid">Works by Mary Martha Sherwood</a> at <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Public_Library" title="Toronto Public Library">Toronto Public Library</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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id="Victorian-era_children&#039;s_literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Victorian-era children's literature</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cadwallader_Adams" title="Henry Cadwallader Adams">Henry Cadwallader Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._M._Ballantyne" title="R. M. Ballantyne">R. M. Ballantyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Lyttelton_Cameron" title="Lucy Lyttelton Cameron">Lucy Lyttelton Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christabel_Rose_Coleridge" title="Christabel Rose Coleridge">Christabel Rose Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Collingwood" title="Harry Collingwood">Harry Collingwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._E._Cowper" title="E. E. Cowper">E. E. Cowper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Cowper" title="Frank Cowper">Frank Cowper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Edgeworth" title="Maria Edgeworth">Maria Edgeworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Everett-Green" title="Evelyn Everett-Green">Evelyn Everett-Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliana_Horatia_Ewing" title="Juliana Horatia Ewing">Juliana Horatia Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_William_Farrar" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic William Farrar">Frederic W. Farrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._E._Farrow" title="G. E. Farrow">G. E. Farrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Giberne" title="Agnes Giberne">Agnes Giberne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Hall" title="Anna Maria Hall">Anna Maria Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._T._Meade" title="L. T. Meade">L. T. Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._A._Henty" title="G. A. Henty">G. A. Henty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Hodgson_Burnett" title="Frances Hodgson Burnett">Frances Hodgson Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hughes" title="Thomas Hughes">Thomas Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Jefferies" title="Richard Jefferies">Richard Jefferies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Charles Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Giles_Kingston" title="William Henry Giles Kingston">W. H. G. Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lang" title="Andrew Lang">Andrew Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Marryat" title="Frederick Marryat">Frederick Marryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_MacDonald" title="George MacDonald">George MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Louisa_Molesworth" title="Mary Louisa Molesworth">Mary Louisa Molesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Munroe" title="Kirk Munroe">Kirk Munroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Nesbit" title="E. Nesbit">E. Nesbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Mary_Peard" title="Frances Mary Peard">Frances Mary Peard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_Potter" title="Beatrix Potter">Beatrix Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Brighty_Rands" title="William Brighty Rands">William Brighty Rands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_Baines_Reed" title="Talbot Baines Reed">Talbot Baines Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Missing_Sewell" title="Elizabeth Missing Sewell">Elizabeth Missing Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Sewell" title="Anna Sewell">Anna Sewell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mary Martha Sherwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Annie_Steel" title="Flora Annie Steel">Flora Annie Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesba_Stretton" title="Hesba Stretton">Hesba Stretton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Elizabeth_Tonna" title="Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna">Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Maria_Tucker" title="Charlotte Maria Tucker">Charlotte Maria Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Mary_Yonge" title="Charlotte Mary Yonge">Charlotte Mary Yonge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_Bethell" title="Augusta Bethell">Augusta Bethell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illustrators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Vere_Boyle" title="Eleanor Vere Boyle">Eleanor Vere Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Browne" title="Gordon Browne">Gordon Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Caldecott" title="Randolph Caldecott">Randolph Caldecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crane_(1843%E2%80%931903)" title="Thomas Crane (1843–1903)">Thomas Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Crane" title="Walter Crane">Walter Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cruikshank" title="George Cruikshank">George Cruikshank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dalziel" title="Thomas Dalziel">Thomas Dalziel</a> (engraver)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Doyle_(illustrator)" title="Richard Doyle (illustrator)">Richard Doyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hetherington_Emmerson" title="Henry Hetherington Emmerson">H. H. Emmerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Evans" title="Edmund Evans">Edmund Evans</a> (engraver)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Greenaway" title="Kate Greenaway">Kate Greenaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Prior_Hall" title="Sydney Prior Hall">Sydney Prior Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lear" title="Edward Lear">Edward Lear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Robert_Millar" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Robert Millar">Harold Robert Millar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rackham" title="Arthur Rackham">Arthur Rackham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_George_Sowerby" title="John George Sowerby">J. G. Sowerby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millicent_Sowerby" title="Millicent Sowerby">Millicent Sowerby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tenniel" title="John Tenniel">John Tenniel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_British_children%27s_literature_titles" title="List of 19th-century British children's literature titles">List of 19th-century British children's literature titles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toy_book" title="Toy book">Toy book</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackie_%26_Son" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackie & Son">Blackie & Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Ward_%26_Co." title="Marcus Ward & Co.">Marcus Ward & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Warne_%26_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Warne & Co">Frederick Warne & Co</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6780258#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6780258#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6780258#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/49357083">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1799804/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrgDR6fKbjtpwFQttgR8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/13577795X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50024178">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12994192k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12994192k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00763449">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sherwood, Mary Martha"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TO0V512889">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35910291">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069211574">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/7008995">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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