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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-분야" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#분야"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>분야</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-분야-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-발견" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#발견"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>발견</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-발견-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>발견 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-발견-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-물리_우주론" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#물리_우주론"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>물리 우주론</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-물리_우주론-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-종교적_또는_신화적_우주론" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#종교적_또는_신화적_우주론"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>종교적 또는 신화적 우주론</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-종교적_또는_신화적_우주론-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-철학" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#철학"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>철학</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-철학-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-역사적_우주론" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사적_우주론"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>역사적 우주론</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역사적_우주론-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-출처" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#출처"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>출처</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-출처-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="목차" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">우주론</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 101개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologie" title="Kosmologie – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kosmologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ब्रह्माण्डविद्या – 앙가어" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ब्रह्माण्डविद्या" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="앙가어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86" title="علم الكون – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الكون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86" title="علم الكون – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="علم الكون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmolox%C3%ADa" title="Cosmoloxía – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cosmoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologiya" title="Kosmologiya – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kosmologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologie" title="Kosmologie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kosmologie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Касмалогія – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Касмалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Космология – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Космология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="বিশ্বতত্ত্ব – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিশ্বতত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologiezh" title="Kosmologiezh – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kosmologiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologija" title="Kosmologija – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kosmologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Kosmologi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cosmologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="کۆسمۆلۆجی – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆسمۆلۆجی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologie" title="Kosmologie – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kosmologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Космологи – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Космологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmoleg" title="Cosmoleg – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cosmoleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi_(astronomi)" title="Kosmologi (astronomi) – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kosmologi (astronomi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologie" title="Kosmologie – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kosmologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmolociye" title="Kosmolociye – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kosmolociye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κοσμολογία – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοσμολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology" title="Cosmology – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cosmology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologio" title="Kosmologio – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kosmologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmolog%C3%ADa" title="Cosmología – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cosmología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmoloogia" title="Kosmoloogia – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kosmoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologia" title="Kosmologia – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kosmologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کیهان‌شناسی – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کیهان‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologia" title="Kosmologia – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kosmologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologie" title="Cosmologie – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cosmologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmology" title="Kosmology – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kosmology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmeola%C3%ADocht" title="Cosmeolaíocht – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cosmeolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmolox%C3%ADa" title="Cosmoloxía – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cosmoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="קוסמולוגיה – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוסמולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ब्रह्माण्डविद्या – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रह्माण्डविद्या" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmologija" title="Kozmologija – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kozmologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmol%C3%B3gia" title="Kozmológia – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kozmológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տիեզերագիտություն – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տիեզերագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cosmologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kosmologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologio" title="Kosmologio – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kosmologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimsfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Heimsfræði – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Heimsfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologia_(astronomia)" title="Cosmologia (astronomia) – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cosmologia (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AB%96" title="宇宙論 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宇宙論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mu%27eske" title="mu'eske – 로반어" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mu'eske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="로반어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kosmologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კოსმოლოგია – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოსმოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Космология – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Космология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd%C3%BBnnas%C3%AE" title="Gerdûnnasî – 쿠르드어" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gerdûnnasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Космология – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Космология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cosmologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologie" title="Kosmologie – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kosmologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia – 리구리아어" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cosmologia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="리구리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologija" title="Kosmologija – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kosmologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmolo%C4%A3ija" title="Kosmoloģija – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kosmoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4sm%C3%B4l%C3%B4jia" title="Kôsmôlôjia – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kôsmôlôjia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രപഞ്ചവിജ്ഞാനീയം – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രപഞ്ചവിജ്ഞാനീയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Космологи – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Космологи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kosmologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%9D%E1%80%A0%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="စကြဝဠာဗေဒ – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စကြဝဠာဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="कस्मोलोजी – 네팔어" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कस्मोलोजी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="네팔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologie" title="Kosmologie – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kosmologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kosmologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kosmologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologia" title="Kosmologia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kosmologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cosmologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmolougii" title="Kosmolougii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kosmolougii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koosmooloojii" title="Koosmooloojii – 오로모어" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Koosmooloojii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="오로모어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologia" title="Kosmologia – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kosmologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%98%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%87" title="تشيال پېژندنه – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تشيال پېژندنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cosmologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologie" title="Cosmologie – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cosmologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Космология – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Космология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmolugg%C3%ACa" title="Cosmoluggìa – 시칠리아어" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cosmoluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="시칠리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="ڪائنات جو علم – 신디어" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪائنات جو علم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="신디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologija" title="Kosmologija – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kosmologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnam%E1%B8%8Delt" title="Tasnamḍelt – 타셸히트어" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnamḍelt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="타셸히트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="විශ්වවේදය – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විශ්වවේදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology" title="Cosmology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cosmology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmol%C3%B3gia" title="Kozmológia – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kozmológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmologija" title="Kozmologija – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kozmologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmologjia" title="Kozmologjia – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kozmologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Космологија – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Космологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kosmologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="அண்டவியல் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அண்டவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A3_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="విశ్వనిర్మాణ శాస్త్రం – 텔루구어" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విశ్వనిర్మాణ శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="텔루구어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Кайҳоншиносӣ – 타지크어" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кайҳоншиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="타지크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="จักรวาลวิทยา – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวาลวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmolohiya" title="Kosmolohiya – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kosmolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmoloji" title="Kozmoloji – 튀르키예어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kozmoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="튀르키예어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Космологія – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Космологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کونیات – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کونیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologiya" title="Kosmologiya – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kosmologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Vũ trụ học – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vũ trụ học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmolohiya" title="Kosmolohiya – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kosmolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="宇宙学 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="宇宙学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კოსმოლოგია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოსმოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="קאסמאלאגיע – 이디시어" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאסמאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="이디시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="宇宙学 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宇宙学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%B8" title="宇宙學 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="宇宙學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q338#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="언어 간 링크 편집" class="wbc-editpage">링크 편집</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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decoding="async" width="280" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/The_Hubble_eXtreme_Deep_Field.jpg/420px-The_Hubble_eXtreme_Deep_Field.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/The_Hubble_eXtreme_Deep_Field.jpg/560px-The_Hubble_eXtreme_Deep_Field.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2382" data-file-height="2078" /></a><figcaption>2012년 9월에 완성된 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_eXtreme_Deep_Field" class="extiw" title="w:Hubble eXtreme Deep Field">허블 익스트림 딥 필드</a>(XDF)는 당시까지 촬영된 가장 먼 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="은하">은하</a>들을 보여준다. 전경에 있는 몇 개의 별들(밝고 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction_spike" class="extiw" title="w:Diffraction spike">회절 스파이크</a>들이 있어 쉽게 알아볼 수 있음)을 제외하고 사진 속 모든 빛은 한 개별 은하이며, 그 중 일부는 132억 년이나 된 것도 있으며 관측 가능한 우주에는 2조 개 이상의 은하들이 있는 것으로 추정된다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>우주론</b>(<b>cosmology</b> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="고대 그리스어">고대 그리스어</a> κόσμος(cosmos) '우주, 세계' 그리고 λογία(logia) '연구'에서 유래)은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="우주">우주(universe)</a>의 본질인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC_(%EA%B3%84%ED%86%B5)" title="우주 (계통)">우주(cosmos)</a>를 다루는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="물리학">물리학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%ED%95%99" title="형이상학">형이상학</a>의 한 분야다. 우주론이라는 용어는 1656년 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Blount" class="extiw" title="w:Thomas Blount">토마스 블라운트Thomas Blount</a>의 《용어집<sub>Glossographia</sub>》에서 영어로 처음 사용했고,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1731년 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_philosophy" class="extiw" title="w:German philosophy">독일 철학자</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Wolff" class="extiw" title="w:Christian Wolff">크리스티안 볼프<sub>Christian Wolff</sub></a>가 《우주론 일반론<sub>Cosmologia Generalis</sub>》에서 라틴어로 사용했다.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90%EC%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="종교적">종교적</a> 또는 신화적 우주론은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%ED%99%94" title="신화">신화</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90" title="종교">종교</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%96%91_%EB%B0%80%EA%B5%90" title="서양 밀교">밀교적</a> 문헌과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%BD%EC%A1%B0_%EC%8B%A0%ED%99%94" title="창조 신화">창조 신화</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EB%A7%90%EB%A1%A0" title="종말론">종말론</a> 전통에 기초한 신념 집합체다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="천문학">천문학</a> 과학에서 우주론은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="우주의 역사">우주의 역사</a>를 연구하는 학문이다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="물리 우주론">물리 우주론</a>은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5%ED%95%9C_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="관측 가능한 우주">관측 가능한 우주</a>의 기원, 우주의 대규모 구조와 역학, 그리고 이러한 영역을 지배하는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" class="mw-redirect" title="과학 법칙">과학 법칙</a>을 포함한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EB%A7%90" title="우주의 종말">우주의 궁극적인 운명</a>에 대한 연구이다.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="천문학자">천문학자</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="물리학자">물리학자</a>를 포함한 과학자뿐만 아니라 <a href="/wiki/%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="형이상학자">형이상학자</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99" title="물리학의 철학">물리학의 철학</a>자 및 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B0%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99" title="시간과 공간의 철학">시간과 공간의 철학</a>자와 같은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="철학자">철학자</a>들도 우주론을 연구하고 탐구한다. 이러한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99" title="철학">철학</a>과 공유되는 범위 때문에 물리 우주론의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="이론">이론</a>은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="과학적">과학적</a> 명제와 비과학적 명제를 모두 포함할 수 있으며, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%84%A4" title="가설">테스트</a>할 수 없는 가정에 의존할 수도 있다. 물리 우주론은 우주 전체와 관련된 천문학의 하위 분야이다. 현대의 물리 우주론은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1_%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="관측 천문학">관측 천문학</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90_%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="입자 물리학">입자 물리학</a>을 통합하려는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" title="대폭발">대폭발(빅뱅)</a> 이론:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20190225_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20190225-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 보다 구체적으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91_%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88" class="mw-redirect" title="암흑 물질">암흑 물질</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="암흑 에너지">암흑 에너지</a>를 포함하는 대폭발의 표준 매개변수화인 <a href="/wiki/%CE%9BCDM_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95" title="ΛCDM 모형">람다-CDM</a> 모형으로 알려진 대폭발 이론에 의해 지배되고 있다. </p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_astrophysics" class="extiw" title="w:Theoretical astrophysics">이론 천체물리학자(theoretical astrophysicist)</a>인 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Spergel" class="extiw" title="w:David Spergel">데이비드 스퍼겔<sub>David Spergel</sub></a>은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%86%8D" class="mw-disambig" title="광속">광속</a>의 유한한 특성으로 인해 "우주를 바라볼 때 우리는 시간을 되돌아보기" 때문에 우주론을 "역사적인 과학"이라고 설명했다.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="분야"><span id=".EB.B6.84.EC.95.BC"></span>분야</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 분야"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="Container" class="toccolours" style="text-align: left; padding:0.5em 0 0 0; border-style:solid; float:right;clear:right; padding:0 0.5em; margin:0.3em 0 0.8em 1.4em; overflow: hidden;"><div id="Title" style="background-color:#77bb77; font-weight:bold; padding:0.2em; text-align:center; margin:0.6em 0 1.2em 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="우주의 형성의 연표 (없는 문서)">자연 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style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1.8133023863059em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:0em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">0 —</span></div></div><div id="ScaleBar" style="width:1px; float:left; height:50em; padding:0; background-color:#242020"></div><div id="Timeline" class="toccolours" style="font-size:100%; width:100%; height:50em; padding:0px; float:left; width:13em; border:none; background-color:#e5cc7f;"><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#000000; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:49.503155146152em; height:0.49684485384783em; margin-left:0em; width:13em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-1.16em; left:0.6em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.24842242692391em;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC#암흑_시대" title="우주의 역사"><span style="color:white;">암흑 시대</span></a></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:46.420541089432em; height:3.0826140567201em; margin-left:0em; width:13em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-1.36em; left:0.5em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-1.54130702836em;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC#재전리_시대" title="우주의 역사"><span style="color:white;">재전리</span></a></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#666666; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:16.464785667658em; height:29.955755421774em; margin-left:0em; width:13em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-2.56em; left:0.5em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-14.977877710887em;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC#물질-지배_시대" title="우주의 역사"><span style="color:#99ffff;">물질-지배<br />시대</span></a></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#7aa3cc; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:0em; height:15.957060999492em; margin-left:0.13em; width:12.87em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:9.14em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-7.9785304997461em;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B0%80%EC%86%8D_%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD" title="우주의 가속 팽창"><span style="color:#99ffff;">가속 팽창</span></a></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#7aa3cc; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:0em; height:15.957060999492em; margin-left:0.52em; width:12.48em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:6.39em; left:1.1em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-7.9785304997461em;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC" title="물"><span style="color:white;">지상의 물</span></a></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#b3d9ff; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:0em; height:14.506419090448em; margin-left:0.52em; width:12.48em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:5.54em; left:0.75em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-7.2532095452238em;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="단세포 생물">단세포 생물</a></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#99ffff; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:0em; height:12.693116704142em; margin-left:1.56em; width:11.44em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:2.39em; left:0.2em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-6.3465583520708em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_photosynthesis" class="extiw" title="w:Evolution of photosynthesis">광합성</a></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#b3ffdb; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:0em; height:6.709218829332em; margin-left:2.21em; width:10.79em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:0.14em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-3.354609414666em;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="다세포 생물">다세포<br />생물</a></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#cc9900; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:0em; height:1.8858344817582em; margin-left:2.86em; width:10.14em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.94291724087909em;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%99%EC%B6%94%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="척추동물"><span style="color:white;">척추동물</span></a></span></div></div></div><div id="Annotations" style="float:left; position:relative; width:10.05em"><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:50em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.25em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4" title="우주의 나이">극초기 우주</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:49.321824907522em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.7em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EC%A1%B1" title="항성의 종족">최초의 별</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:48.803220425038em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.85em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD1_(galaxy)" class="extiw" title="w:HD1 (galaxy)">최초의 은하</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:47.508522521216em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.05em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><span class="nowrap">최초의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%80%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%AC" title="퀘이사">퀘이사</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EB%8C%80%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89_%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%99%ED%99%80" title="초대질량 블랙홀">블랙홀</a></span></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:41.778486980489em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%BC%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%EC%98%A4%EB%A9%94%EA%B0%80" title="센타우루스자리 오메가">오메가 센타우리</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:36.266047726119em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%A4_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="안드로메다 은하">안드로메다 은하</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:31.914121998985em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="우리 은하">우리은하 나선팔</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:24.660912453761em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/NGC_188" title="NGC 188">NGC 188 성단</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:23.572931021977em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%BC%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%EC%95%8C%ED%8C%8C" title="센타우루스자리 알파">알파 센타우리</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:21.759628635671em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:16.566330601291em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Earth" class="extiw" title="w:Early Earth">지구</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EA%B3%84%EC%9D%98_%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B3%BC_%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="태양계의 형성과 진화">태양계</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:14.506419090448em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" class="extiw" title="w:Earliest known life forms">최초의 알려진 생명</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:12.693116704142em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_history_of_oxygen" class="extiw" title="w:Geological history of oxygen">최초의 산소</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:8.8851816928991em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_history_of_oxygen" class="extiw" title="w:Geological history of oxygen">대기 산소</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:7.2532095452238em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%84%B1_%EC%83%9D%EC%8B%9D" title="유성 생식">유성 생식</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:5.4399071589178em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_fungi" class="extiw" title="w:Evolution of fungi">최초의 균류</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:2.9012838180895em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caveasphaera" class="extiw" title="w:Caveasphaera">최초의 동물</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="식물의 진화">식물</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:1.961993181983em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EA%B8%B0_%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" title="캄브리아기 폭발">캄브리아기 폭발</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:0.90665119315297em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%9C%A0%EB%A5%98" title="포유류">최초의 포유류</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:0.090665119315297em;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-0em; float:left;"><span style="color:black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%9D%B8%EC%9B%90" title="유인원">유인원</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C" title="사람">사람</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:3.6266047726119em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:1.25em; left:-16.4em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><span style="display:block; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94%EC%82%AC_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C" title="생명진화사 연표">생<br /><br />명<br /><br />체</a></span></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:8.8em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:25em;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div></div></div><div id="Legend" class="toccolours" style="margin-left:3.1em; border-style:none; float:left; clear:both;"></div><div id="Caption" class="toccolours" style="margin:0 0.5em; float:left; padding:0 auto; border-style:none; clear:both; text-align:center; width:26.3em"><div style="float: left;">(십억년 전)</div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="물리학">물리학</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="천체물리학">천체물리학</a>은 과학적 관찰과 실험을 통해 우주에 대한 우리의 이해를 형성하는 데 중심적인 역할을 해왔다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="물리 우주론">물리 우주론</a>은 수학과 관측을 통해 전체 우주를 분석하면서 형성되었다. 우주는 일반적으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" title="대폭발">대폭발(빅뱅)</a>으로 시작된 후, 거의 즉각적으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4" title="우주의 나이">137억 9,900만±0.21억</a> 년 전에 우주가 생겨난 것으로 생각되는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%89%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="급팽창 이론">우주 급팽창</a>인 어떤 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD" title="우주팽창">우주팽창</a>이 뒤따른 것으로 이해된다.<sup id="cite_ref-Planck_2015_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planck_2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">우주론</a>은 우주의 기원을 연구하고 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmography" class="extiw" title="w:Cosmography">우주도(cosmography)</a>는 우주의 특징을 지도화한다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="디드로">디드로</a>의 《<a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%84%EC%84%9C" title="백과전서">백과전서</a>》에서는 우주론을 천문학(하늘에 관한 과학), 항공학(공기에 관한 과학), 지질학(대륙에 관한 과학) 및 수문학(물에 관한 과학)으로 분류하고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>형이상학적 우주론은 다른 모든 존재와의 관계에서 우주에 인간을 배치하는 것으로도 설명되었다. 이는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%95%84%EC%9A%B0%EB%A0%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="마르쿠스 아우렐리우스">마르쿠스 아우렐리우스</a>가 그 관계에서 인간의 위치를 관찰한 것으로 잘 설명된다: "세계가 무엇인지 모르는 사람은 자신이 어디에 있는지 모르고, 세계가 어떤 목적으로 존재하는지 모르는 사람은 자신이 누구인지도, 세계가 무엇인지도 모른다."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="발견"><span id=".EB.B0.9C.EA.B2.AC"></span>발견</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 발견"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="물리_우주론"><span id=".EB.AC.BC.EB.A6.AC_.EC.9A.B0.EC.A3.BC.EB.A1.A0"></span>물리 우주론</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 물리 우주론"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="물리 우주론">물리 우주론</a>입니다.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="관측 우주론">관측 우주론</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <p>물리 우주론은 우주의 물리적 기원과 진화에 대한 연구를 다루는 물리학 및 천체 물리학의 한 분야이다. 또한 대규모로 우주의 본질에 대한 연구도 포함된다. 초기의 형태는 현재 '<a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="천체역학">천체역학</a>'으로 알려진 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%8A%98" title="하늘">하늘</a>에 대한 연구였다. 그리스의 철학자 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%98_%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4" title="사모스의 아리스타르코스">사모스의 아리스타르코스</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="아리스토텔레스">아리스토텔레스</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%ED%86%A8%EB%A0%88%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-disambig" title="프톨레마이오스">프톨레마이오스</a>는 서로 다른 우주론 이론을 제안했다. 16세기 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%BD%94%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%A4" title="니콜라우스 코페르니쿠스">니콜라우스 코페르니쿠스</a>와 이후 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%98%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%BC%80%ED%94%8C%EB%9F%AC" title="요하네스 케플러">요하네스 케플러</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%88%EB%A6%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4_%EA%B0%88%EB%A6%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4" title="갈릴레오 갈릴레이">갈릴레오 갈릴레이</a>가 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%84%A4" title="태양중심설">태양중심</a> 체계를 제안하기 전까지는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%84%A4" title="지구중심설">지구중심</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%84%A4" title="지구중심설">프톨레마이오스 체계</a>가 지배적인 이론이었다. 이는 물리 우주론에서 가장 유명한 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemological_rupture" class="extiw" title="w:Epistemological rupture">인식론적 파열(Epistemological rupture)</a>의 사례들 중 하나이다. </p><p>1687년에 출간된 아이작 뉴턴의 《자연철학의 수학적 원리》는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%EC%9C%A0%EC%9D%B8%EB%A0%A5%EC%9D%98_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="만유인력의 법칙">만유인력의 법칙</a>에 대한 최초의 설명이었다. 이 책은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%ED%94%8C%EB%9F%AC%EC%9D%98_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" class="mw-redirect" title="케플러의 법칙">케플러의 법칙</a>에 대한 물리적 메커니즘을 제공했으며, 행성 간의 중력 상호작용으로 인한 이전 시스템의 이상 현상을 해결할 수 있게 해 주었다. 뉴턴의 우주론과 그 이전의 우주론의 근본적인 차이점은 지구상의 천체가 모든 천체와 동일한 물리 법칙을 따른다는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9B%90%EB%A6%AC" title="코페르니쿠스 원리">코페르니쿠스 원리</a>였다. 이는 물리 우주론에서 중요한 철학적 진전이었다. </p><p>현대 과학 우주론은 1917년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8" title="알베르트 아인슈타인">알베르트 아인슈타인</a>이 "일반 상대성이론의 우주론적 고찰"<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 논문에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B0%98_%EC%83%81%EB%8C%80%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="일반 상대성이론">일반 상대성이론</a>을 최종 수정하여 발표하면서 시작된 것으로 널리 알려져 있다(이 논문은 <a href="/wiki/1%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="1차 세계대전">1차 세계대전</a>이 끝날 때까지 독일 외에는 널리 알려지지 않았다). 일반 상대성이론은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%EB%A0%98_%EB%93%9C_%EC%8B%9C%ED%84%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="빌렘 드 시터">빌렘 드 시터</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC_%EC%8A%88%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EC%B8%A0%EC%8B%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="카를 슈바르츠실트">카를 슈바르츠실트</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%84%9C_%EC%97%90%EB%94%A9%ED%84%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="아서 에딩턴">아서 에딩턴</a>과 같은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EB%A1%A0" title="우주기원론">우주기원론자</a>들이 천문학적인 파급 효과를 탐구하도록 자극하여 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="천문학자">천문학자</a>들이 매우 먼 천체를 연구할 수 있는 능력을 향상시켰다. 물리학자들은 우주가 정적이고 변하지 않는다는 가정을 바꾸기 시작했다. 1922년에, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%8D%94_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A7%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="알렉산더 프리드만">알렉산더 프리드만</a>은 움직이는 물질을 포함하는 팽창하는 우주라는 개념을 도입했다. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">시리즈의 일부</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="물리 우주론">물리 우주론</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border:0;font-weight:normal; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em;"> <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" title="대폭발">대폭발(빅뱅)</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="우주">우주</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4" title="우주의 나이">우주의 나이</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="우주의 역사">우주의 역사</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">초기 우주</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%89%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="급팽창이론">급팽창</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1" title="핵합성">핵합성</a><br /><i>배경</i><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%ED%8C%8C_%EB%B0%B0%EA%B2%BD" title="중력파 배경">중력파 (GWB)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC_%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%ED%8C%8C_%EB%B0%B0%EA%B2%BD" title="우주 마이크로파 배경">마이크로파 (CMB)</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC_%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%B0%EA%B2%BD" title="우주 중성미자 배경">중성미자 (CNB)</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">우주의 팽창 <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> 미래</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B8%94-%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%B4_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="허블-르메트르 법칙">허블-르메트르 법칙</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%83%89%ED%8E%B8%EC%9D%B4" title="적색편이">적색편이</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD" title="우주팽창">공간의 메트릭 팽창</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A7%8C-%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%B4-%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8%EC%8A%A8-%EC%9B%8C%EC%BB%A4_%EA%B3%84%EB%9F%89" title="프리드만-르메트르-로버트슨-워커 계량">FLRW 계량</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A7%8C_%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EC%8B%9D" title="프리드만 방정식">프리드만 방정식</a><br /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhomogeneous_cosmology" class="extiw" title="w:Inhomogeneous cosmology">비균질적 우주론</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EB%A7%90" title="우주의 종말">팽창하는 우주의 마래</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EB%A7%90" title="우주의 종말">우주의 종말</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">성분 <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> 구조</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i>성분</i><br /><a href="/wiki/%CE%9BCDM_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95" title="ΛCDM 모형">ΛCDM 모형</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="암흑 에너지">암흑 에너지</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91_%EC%9C%A0%EC%B2%B4" title="암흑 유체">암흑 유체</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91_%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88" class="mw-redirect" title="암흑 물질">암흑 물질</a><br /><i>구조</i><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%91" title="우주의 모양">우주의 모양</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98_%ED%95%84%EB%9D%BC%EB%A9%98%ED%8A%B8" title="은하 필라멘트">은하 필라멘트</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98_%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1_%EB%B0%8F_%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="은하의 형성 및 진화">은하 형성</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EA%B1%B0%EB%8C%80%ED%80%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%AC%EA%B5%B0" title="거대퀘이사군">거대퀘이사군</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC_%EA%B1%B0%EB%8C%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0" title="우주 거대구조">우주 거대구조</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%A0%84%EB%A6%AC" title="재전리">재전리</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_formation" class="extiw" title="w:Structure formation">구조 형성</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">실험</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%99%ED%99%80_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%85%94%ED%8B%B0%EB%B8%8C" title="블랙홀 이니셔티브">BHI</a><br /><a href="/wiki/BOOMERanG" title="BOOMERanG">BOOMERanG</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%B0%B0%EA%B2%BD_%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC%EC%84%A0" title="우주배경 탐사선">우주배경 탐사선 (COBE)</a><br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Energy_Survey" class="extiw" title="w:Dark Energy Survey">암흑 에너지 탐사</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%9D%ED%8A%B8" title="일러스트리스 프로젝트">일러스트리스 프로젝트</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%91%ED%81%AC_(%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="플랑크 (인공위성)">플랑크 (인공위성)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%AC%EB%A1%A0_%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%9C%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC" title="슬론 디지털 전천탐사">슬론 디지털 전천탐사 (SDSS)</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/2dF_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98_%EC%A0%81%EC%83%89%ED%8E%B8%EC%9D%B4_%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC" title="2dF 은하 적색편이 탐사">2dF 은하 적색편이 탐사 ("2dF")</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%ED%82%A8%EC%8A%A8_%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%ED%8C%8C_%EB%B9%84%EB%93%B1%EB%B0%A9%EC%84%B1_%ED%83%90%EC%83%89%EA%B8%B0" title="윌킨슨 마이크로파 비등방성 탐색기">윌킨슨 마이크로파 비등방성 탐색기 (WMAP)</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">과학자</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EA%B0%80%EB%AA%A8%ED%94%84" title="조지 가모프">가모프</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%88%EB%A6%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4" class="mw-disambig" title="갈릴레오">갈릴레오</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A8%EB%9F%B0_%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="앨런 구스">구스</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%91_%EB%89%B4%ED%84%B4" title="아이작 뉴턴">뉴턴</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%EB%9F%BC_%EB%8D%94%EC%8B%9C%ED%84%B0%EB%A5%B4" title="빌럼 더시터르">더시터르</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%ED%97%A8%EB%A6%AC_%EB%94%95" title="로버트 헨리 딕">딕</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%B4%EC%A3%BC_%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%B4" title="조르주 르메트르">르메트르</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_C._%EB%A7%A4%EB%8D%94" title="존 C. 매더">매더</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%86%9C%EB%82%98%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B0%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%93%9C%EC%99%80%EC%A6%88" title="솜나트 바라드와즈">바라드와즈</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%9D%BC_%EB%A3%A8%EB%B9%88" title="베라 루빈">루빈</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%8B%9C%EB%93%9C_%EC%88%98%EB%83%90%EC%97%90%ED%94%84" title="라시드 수냐에프">수냐에프</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4_B._%EC%88%9C%EC%B2%B4%ED%94%84" title="니콜라스 B. 순체프">순체프</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B8_%EC%8A%88%EB%B0%8B" title="브라이언 슈밋">슈밋</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%8A%A4%EB%AC%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="조지 스무트">스무트</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%ED%81%AC_%EC%95%84%EB%A1%A0%EC%8A%A8" title="마크 아론슨">아론슨</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8" title="알베르트 아인슈타인">아인슈타인</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%95%8C%EB%B2%A4" title="한네스 알벤">알벤</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%9E%A0%ED%94%84_%EC%95%A0%EC%85%94_%EC%95%A8%ED%8D%BC" title="랠프 애셔 앨퍼">앨퍼</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EB%A5%B4%EA%B2%90_%EC%97%98%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="위르겐 엘러스">엘러스</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%97%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="조지 엘리스">엘리스</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C_%EC%9C%8C%EC%8A%A8" title="로버트 우드로 윌슨">윌슨</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EC%BD%94%ED%94%84_%EB%B3%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%86%8C%EB%B9%84%EC%B9%98_%EC%A0%A4%EB%8F%84%EB%B9%84%EC%B9%98" class="mw-redirect" title="야코프 보리소비치 젤도비치">젤도비치</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%ED%94%8C%EB%9F%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="케플러">케플러</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="코페르니쿠스">코페르니쿠스</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_C._%ED%86%A8%EB%A8%BC" title="리처드 C. 톨먼">톨먼</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%9C%EB%A1%9C%EC%A6%88" class="mw-disambig" title="펜로즈">펜로즈</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%85%B8_%EC%95%A8%EB%9F%B0_%ED%8E%9C%EC%A7%80%EC%96%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="아노 앨런 펜지어스">펜지어스</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%A5%B4_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A7%8C" title="알렉산드르 프리드만">프리드만</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%93%9C%EC%9C%88_%ED%97%88%EB%B8%94" title="에드윈 허블">허블</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EB%B8%90_%ED%98%B8%ED%82%B9" title="스티븐 호킹">호킹</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0%EC%9E%90_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="우주론자 목록">우주론자 목록</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">주제 역사</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_cosmic_microwave_background_radiation" class="extiw" title="w:Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation">우주 마이크로파 배경 복사의 발견(Discovery of CMBR)</a><br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Big_Bang_theory" class="extiw" title="w:History of the Big Bang theory">대폭발 이론의 역사(History of the Big Bang)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90%EC%A0%81_%ED%95%B4%EC%84%9D" title="대폭발이론의 종교적 해석">대폭발이론의 종교적 해석</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C" title="우주론 연표">우주론 연표</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="display:block;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.6em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="분류"><img alt="분류" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="분류:물리우주론">분류</a> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Crystal_Project_konquest.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Crystal_Project_konquest.png/16px-Crystal_Project_konquest.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Crystal_Project_konquest.png/24px-Crystal_Project_konquest.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Crystal_Project_konquest.png/32px-Crystal_Project_konquest.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="포털:천문학">천문학 포털</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38585741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="틀:물리우주론"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:물리우주론 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="특수:문서편집/틀:물리우주론"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Observable_universe_logarithmic_illustration.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Observable_universe_logarithmic_illustration.png/220px-Observable_universe_logarithmic_illustration.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Observable_universe_logarithmic_illustration.png/330px-Observable_universe_logarithmic_illustration.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Observable_universe_logarithmic_illustration.png/440px-Observable_universe_logarithmic_illustration.png 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="4200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5%ED%95%9C_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="관측 가능한 우주">관측 가능한 우주</a>를 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8_%EB%88%88%EA%B8%88" title="로그 눈금">로그 눈금</a>으로 표현한 것이다. 태양으로부터의 거리가 중심에서 가장자리로 갈수록 증가한다. 행성들과 다른 천체들은 그 모양을 감상하기 위해 확대되었다.</figcaption></figure> <p>우주론에 대한 이러한 역동적인 접근 방식과 병행하여 우주의 구조에 대한 오랜 논쟁인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%85%BC%EC%9F%81" class="mw-disambig" title="대논쟁">대논쟁</a>(1917~1922년)이 절정에 달하고 있었는데, <a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EB%B2%84_%EB%8B%A4%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%BB%A4%ED%8B%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="히버 다우스트 커티스">히버 다우스트 커티스</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%99%B8%ED%94%BD" title="에른스트 외픽">에른스트 외픽</a> 같은 초기 우주론자들은 망원경으로 관측한 일부 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%9A%B4" title="성운">성운</a>들이 우리 은하와는 멀리 떨어진 별개의 은하라고 판단했다.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 히버 커티스는 나선 성운이 그 자체로 섬 우주인 항성계이라는 생각을 주장한 반면, 마운트 윌슨의 천문학자 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%A0%EB%A1%9C_%EC%84%80%ED%94%8C%EB%A6%AC" title="할로 섀플리">할로 섀플리</a>는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="우리 은하">우리 은하</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EA%B3%84" title="항성계">항성계</a>로만 구성된 우주 모형을 옹호했다. 이러한 생각의 차이는 1920년 4월 26일 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%8C%EC%8B%B1%ED%84%B4_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="워싱턴 DC">워싱턴 DC</a>에서 열린 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9B%90" title="미국국립과학원">미국국립과학원</a> 회의에서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%85%BC%EC%9F%81" class="mw-disambig" title="대논쟁">대토론회</a>가 열리면서 절정에 달했다., 그 논쟁은 1923년과 1924년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%93%9C%EC%9C%88_%ED%97%88%EB%B8%94" title="에드윈 허블">에드윈 허블</a>이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%A4_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="안드로메다 은하">안드로메다 은하</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C_%EB%B3%80%EA%B4%91%EC%84%B1" title="세페이드 변광성">세페이드 변광성</a>를 발견하면서 해결되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그 거리가 은하수 가장자리를 훨씬 넘어 나선 성운을 형성했기 때문이다. </p><p>이후 우주 모델링은 아인슈타인이 1917년 논문에서 소개한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%83%81%EC%88%98" title="우주상수">우주상수</a>가 그 값에 따라 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD" title="우주팽창">우주팽창</a>을 초래할 수 있다는 가능성을 탐구했다. 따라서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" title="대폭발">대폭발(빅뱅)</a> 모형은 1927년 벨기에의 신부 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%B4%EC%A3%BC_%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%B4" title="조르주 르메트르">조르주 르메트르</a>에 의해 제안되었고<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이후 1929년 에드윈 허블의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%83%89%ED%8E%B8%EC%9D%B4" title="적색편이">적색편이</a> 발견<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그리고 1964년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%85%B8_%ED%8E%9C%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="아노 펜지아스">아노 펜지아스</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C_%EC%9C%8C%EC%8A%A8" title="로버트 우드로 윌슨">로버트 우드로 윌슨</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC_%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%ED%8C%8C_%EB%B0%B0%EA%B2%BD_%EB%B3%B5%EC%82%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="우주 마이크로파 배경 복사">우주 마이크로파 배경 복사</a> 발견으로 확증되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이러한 발견은 많은 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-standard_cosmology" class="extiw" title="w:Non-standard cosmology">대안 우주론(alternative cosmology)</a>들 중 일부를 배제하는 첫걸음이었다. </p><p>1990년경부터 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="관측 우주론">관측 우주론</a>의 몇 가지 극적인 발전으로 우주론은 대부분 사변적인 과학에서 이론과 관측이 정확하게 일치하는 예측 과학으로 변모했다. 이러한 발전에는 <a href="/wiki/COBE" class="mw-redirect" title="COBE">COBE</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/WMAP" class="mw-redirect" title="WMAP">WMAP</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 및 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%91%ED%81%AC_%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="플랑크 위성">플랑크 위성</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>의 마이크로파 배경 관측, <a href="/wiki/2dF_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98_%EC%A0%81%EC%83%89%ED%8E%B8%EC%9D%B4_%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC" title="2dF 은하 적색편이 탐사">2dF 은하 적색편이 탐사</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 및 <a href="/wiki/SDSS" class="mw-disambig" title="SDSS">SDSS</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>를 포함한 새로운 대형 은하 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift_survey" class="extiw" title="w:Redshift survey">적색편이 탐사(redshift survey)</a> 그리고 원거리 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1" title="초신성">초신성</a>들 및 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5_%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88" class="mw-redirect" title="중력 렌즈">중력 렌즈</a> 관측이 포함된다. 이러한 관측 결과는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%89%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="급팽창 이론">우주 급팽창 이론</a>, 수정된 빅뱅 이론, <a href="/wiki/%CE%9BCDM_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95" title="ΛCDM 모형">람다-CDM 모형</a>으로 알려진 특정 버전의 예측과 일치했다. 이로 인해 많은 사람들이 현대를 "우주론의 황금기"라고 부르게 되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2014년에 BICEP2 공동 연구팀은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC_%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%ED%8C%8C_%EB%B0%B0%EA%B2%BD" title="우주 마이크로파 배경">우주 마이크로파 배경</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%ED%8C%8C" title="중력파">중력파</a>들의 흔적을 감지했다고 주장했다. 그러나이 결과는 나중에 가짜로 밝혀졌다. 중력파의 증거로 추정되는 것은 실제로 성간 먼지로 인한 것이었다.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nature-20150130_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature-20150130-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2014년 12월 1일, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="이탈리아">이탈리아</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%9D%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="페라라">페라라</a>에서 열린 플랑크 2014 회의에서 천문학자들은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4" title="우주의 나이">우주의 나이가 138억 년</a>이며 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88" title="물질">원자 물질</a> 4.9%, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91_%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88" class="mw-redirect" title="암흑 물질">암흑 물질</a> 26.6%, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="암흑 에너지">암흑 에너지</a> 68.5%로 구성되어 있다고 보고했다.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20141201-DO_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20141201-DO-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="종교적_또는_신화적_우주론"><span id=".EC.A2.85.EA.B5.90.EC.A0.81_.EB.98.90.EB.8A.94_.EC.8B.A0.ED.99.94.EC.A0.81_.EC.9A.B0.EC.A3.BC.EB.A1.A0"></span>종교적 또는 신화적 우주론</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 종교적 또는 신화적 우주론"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_cosmology" class="extiw" title="en:Religious cosmology">en:Religious cosmology</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90%EC%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="종교적">종교적</a> 또는 신화적 우주론은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%ED%99%94" title="신화">신화적</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90%EC%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="종교적">종교적</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%80%EA%B5%90%EC%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="밀교적">밀교적</a> 문헌과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%BD%EC%A1%B0" class="mw-disambig" title="창조">창조</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EB%A7%90%EB%A1%A0" title="종말론">종말론</a>의 전통에 기반한 신념의 체계이다. 창조 신화는 대부분의 종교에서 발견되며, 일반적으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EB%A5%B4%EC%B2%B4%EC%95%84_%EC%97%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EB%8D%B0" title="미르체아 엘리아데">미르체아 엘리아데</a>와 그의 동료 찰스 롱<sub>Charles Long</sub>이 만든 분류 체계에 따라 다섯 가지로 나뉜다. </p> <ul><li>유사한 모티브들을 기반으로 한 창조 신화의 유형들: <ul><li>신성한 존재의 생각, 말, 꿈 또는 신체 분비물을 통해 창조가 이루어지는 <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatio_ex_nihilo" class="extiw" title="w:Creatio ex nihilo">무의식적 창조(Creatio ex nihilo)</a></i>.</li> <li>창조주가 보낸 새나 양서류와 같은 잠수부가 어떤 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_ocean" class="extiw" title="w:Cosmic ocean">원시 바다(primordial ocean)</a>를 통해 해저로 뛰어들어 모래나 진흙을 끌어올려 육지 세계로 발전시킨다는 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation_myth#Earth-diver" class="extiw" title="w:Creation myth">지구 잠수부(earth-diver)</a> 창조.</li> <li>조상이 일련의 세계를 통과하고 탈바꿈을 거쳐 현재 세계에 도달하는 출현 신화들.</li> <li>한 원시적 존재의 분할에 의한 창조.</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_egg" class="extiw" title="w:World egg">우주의 알(cosmic egg)</a>이 깨지거나 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_(cosmogony)" class="extiw" title="w:Chaos (cosmogony)">혼돈(chaos)</a>으로부터 질서를 가져오는 것과 같이 원시적 통합의 분열 또는 질서에 의한 창조.<sup id="cite_ref-lm3233_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lm3233-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="철학"><span id=".EC.B2.A0.ED.95.99"></span>철학</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 철학"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>우주론은 공간, 시간 및 모든 현상의 총체로서 세계를 다룬다. 역사적으로 우주론은 상당히 광범위한 범위를 가지고 있으며 많은 경우 종교에서 발견되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 우주에 대한 일부 질문은 과학적 탐구 범위를 벗어나지만 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%80%EC%A6%9D%EB%B2%95" title="변증법">변증법</a>과 같은 다른 철학적 접근 방식에 호소함으로써 여전히 심문을받을 수 있다. 과학 외적인 노력에 포함되는 몇 가지 질문은 다음과 같다:<sup id="cite_ref-BICEP2-2014_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BICEP2-2014-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>우주의 기원은 무엇인가? 그 첫 번째 원인은 무엇인가(있다면)? 그 존재가 필요한가? (<a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EC%9B%90%EB%A1%A0" title="일원론">일원론</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%94%EC%8B%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="범신론">범신론</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%B6%9C%EB%A1%A0" title="발출론">발출론</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%BD%EC%A1%B0%EB%A1%A0" title="창조론">창조론</a> 참조)</li> <li>우주의 궁극적인 물질적 구성 요소는 무엇인가? (<a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%BB%A4%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%98" class="mw-disambig" title="메커니즘">메커니즘</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="동역학">동역학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1" title="이형성">이형성</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EB%A1%A0" title="원자론">원자론</a> 참조)</li> <li>우주가 존재하는 궁극적인 이유는 (있다면) 무엇인가? 우주에는 목적이 있는가? (<a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A9%EC%A0%81%EB%A1%A0" title="목적론">목적론</a> 참조)</li> <li>의식의 존재가 현실의 존재에 어떤 역할을 하는가? 우주의 전체에 대해 우리가 알고 있는 것을 어떻게 알 수 있는가? 우주론적 추론은 형이상학적 진리를 드러내는가? (<a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%8B%9D%EB%A1%A0" title="인식론">인식론</a> 참조)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사적_우주론"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC.EC.A0.81_.EC.9A.B0.EC.A3.BC.EB.A1.A0"></span>역사적 우주론</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 역사적 우주론"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C" title="우주론 연표">우주론 연표</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%BD%94%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%A4#태양중심설" title="니콜라우스 코페르니쿠스">니콜라우스 코페르니쿠스 § 태양중심설</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>이름 </th> <th>저자 및 시기 </th> <th>분류 </th> <th>비고 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_cosmology" class="extiw" title="w:Hindu cosmology">힌두 우주론(Hindu cosmology)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EA%B7%B8%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%A4" title="리그베다">리그베다</a>(기원전 1700~1100년경) </td> <td>주기적 또는 진동, 시간 무한대 </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prak%E1%B9%9Bti" class="extiw" title="w:Prakṛti">원시 물질(Prakṛti)</a>은 311조 4,000억 년 동안 나타나고, 같은 기간 동안 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahapralaya" class="extiw" title="w:Mahapralaya">비현현한다(Mahapralaya)</a>. 우주는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%ED%8C%8C" title="칼파">43억 2,000억 년(칼파)</a>동안 현현하고 같은 기간 동안 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pralaya" class="extiw" title="w:Pralaya">비현현한다(Pralaya)</a>. 무수히 많은 우주가 동시에 존재한다. 이러한 주기는 욕망에 의해 영원히 지속될 것이다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jain_cosmology" class="extiw" title="w:Jain cosmology">자이나교 우주론(Jain cosmology)</a> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jain_Agamas_(%C5%9Av%C4%93t%C4%81mbara)" class="extiw" title="w:Jain Agamas (Śvētāmbara)">자이나교 아가마스(Jain Agamas)</a><br />(기원전 599-527년 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%ED%95%98%EB%B9%84%EB%9D%BC" title="마하비라">마하비라</a>의 가르침에 따라 기원전 500년경에 기록됨) </td> <td>주기적 또는 진동, 영원 및 유한 </td> <td>자이나교 우주론은 <i><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%B9%B4" title="로카">로카</a></i>, 즉 우주를 무한대부터 존재하는 무창조적 실체로 간주하며, 우주의 모양은 사람이 다리를 벌리고 허리에 팔을 얹고 서 있는 모습과 비슷하다고 생각한다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%98%EA%B5%90" title="자이나교">자이나교</a>에 따르면 이 우주는 위쪽은 넓고 가운데는 좁으며 아래쪽은 다시 넓어진다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_astronomy#Cosmology" class="extiw" title="w:Babylonian astronomy">바빌로니아 우주론(Babylonian cosmology)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%B9%B4%EB%93%9C_%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="아카드 문학">아카드 문학</a> (기원전 2300-500년경) </td> <td>무한한 "혼돈의 물"에 떠 있는 평평한 지구 </td> <td>지구와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="천국">천국</a>은 무한한 "혼돈의 물" 안에서 하나의 단위를 이룬다; 지구는 평평하고 원형이고 또한 한 단단한 돔("궁창")이 바깥의 "혼돈의 바다"를 막고 있다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%A0%88%EC%95%84_%ED%95%99%ED%8C%8C" title="엘레아 학파">엘레아 학파 우주론</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%88%EB%8D%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="파르메니데스">파르메니데스</a> (기원전 515년경) </td> <td>유한하고 구형의 범위 </td> <td>우주는 변하지 않고, 균일하며, 완벽하고, 필요하고, 영원하며, 생성되지도 소멸되지도 않는다. 공허는 불가능하다. 복수와 변화는 감각 경험에서 비롯된 인식론적 무지의 산물이다. 시간적 및 공간적 한계는 임의적이며 파르메니데스의 전체에 상대적이다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84_%ED%95%99%ED%8C%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="상키아 학파">상키아 우주 진화</a> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapila" class="extiw" title="w:Kapila">카필라<sub>Kapila</sub></a> (기원전 6세기), 제자 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84_%ED%95%99%ED%8C%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="상키아 학파">이수리</a> </td> <td>프라크리티 (물질)와 푸루샤 (의식) 관계 </td> <td>프라크리티(물질)는 존재의 세계의 근원이다. 그것은 스물네 가지 탓바 또는 원리로 연속적으로 진화하는 순수한 잠재력이다. '프라크리티'는 <i><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%82%98" title="구나">구나</a></i>(<i><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%8A%B8%EB%B0%94" title="사트바">사트바</a></i>(가벼움 또는 순수함), <i><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9E%90" title="라자">라자</a></i>(열정 또는 활동성), <i>타마스</i>(관성 또는 무거움)로 알려진 구성 가닥 사이에서 항상 긴장 상태에 있기 때문에 진화 자체가 가능하다. 상키야의 인과론은 <i>사트카리아-바다</i>(실존 원인론)라고 불리며, <i>실제로 아무것도 생성되거나 무로 파괴될 수 없다</i>고 주장하며 모든 진화는 단순히 원초적인 자연이 한 형태에서 다른 형태로 변화하는 것이라고 말한다.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36482206">.mw-parser-output .fix{background-color:#fff9f9;color:DarkSlateGray;border:1px solid #ffdcdc}</style><sup class="정리_필요 noprint">[<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98_%ED%95%84%EC%9A%94" title="위키백과:출처 필요">출처 필요</a>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_cosmology" class="extiw" title="w:Biblical cosmology">성서적 우주론(Biblical cosmology)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%A7%80%EC%B0%BD%EC%A1%B0" title="천지창조">창세기 창조 이야기</a> </td> <td>무한한 "혼돈의 물" 속에 떠 있는 지구 </td> <td>지구와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="천국">천국</a>은 무한한 "혼돈의 물" 안에서 하나의 단위를 형성하며, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B6%81%EC%B0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="궁창">궁창</a>은 외부의 "혼돈의 바다"를 막고 있다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaximander#Cosmology" class="extiw" title="w:Anaximander">아낙시만드로스의 모형(Anaximander's model)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%99%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="아낙시만드로스">아낙시만드로스</a> (기원전 560년경) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%99%EC%84%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="지동설">지동설</a>, 원통형 지구, 무한한 범위, 유한한 시간; 최초의 순수 기계적 모형 </td> <td>지구는 무한의 중심에 아무것도 지지하지 않고 아주 가만히 떠 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 태초에 더위와 추위가 분리된 후, 나무의 껍질처럼 지구를 둘러싸고 있는 불꽃의 공이 나타났다. 이 공은 분리되어 나머지 우주를 형성했다. 그것은 불로 가득 찬 속이 빈 동심원 바퀴의 시스템과 비슷했고 테두리에는 플루트처럼 구멍이 뚫려 있었으며 천체는 없고 구멍을 통해 빛만 들어왔다. 세 개의 바퀴는 지구에서 바깥쪽으로 순서대로 별(<a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%98_%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1" title="고대의 행성">행성</a>들 포함), 달, 그리고 커다란 태양이다.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EB%A1%A0" title="원자론">원자론적 우주론</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%99%EC%82%AC%EA%B3%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4" title="아낙사고라스">아낙사고라스</a>(기원전 500-428년) 및 그 이후의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%94%BC%EC%BF%A0%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="에피쿠로스">에피쿠로스</a> </td> <td>무한한 범위 </td> <td>우주에는 오직 두 가지, 즉 무한히 많은 작은 씨앗(<a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90" title="원자">원자</a>들)과 무한한 범위의 허공이 존재한다. 모든 원자는 같은 물질로 만들어졌지만 크기와 모양이 다릅니다. 물체는 원자의 집합체에서 형성되고 다시 원자로 분해됩니다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%9A%B0%ED%82%A4%ED%8F%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="레우키포스">레우키포스</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%BC%EC%84%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="인과성">인과성</a> 원리를 통합한다: "무작위로 일어나는 것은 아무것도 없으며 모든 것은 이성과 필연에 의해 일어난다". 우주는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0" title="신">신</a>들에 의해 지배되지 않았다.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36482206"><sup class="정리_필요 noprint">[<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98_%ED%95%84%EC%9A%94" title="위키백과:출처 필요">출처 필요</a>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_astronomical_system" class="extiw" title="w:Pythagorean astronomical system">피타고라스 우주(Pythagorean universe)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%84%EB%A1%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="필로라우스">필로라우스</a> (기원전 390년경) </td> <td>우주의 중심에 "중앙 불"의 존재. </td> <td>우주의 중심에는 지구, 태양, 달, <a href="/wiki/%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1" title="행성">행성</a>들이 균일하게 공전하는 중심 불이 있다. 태양은 1년에 한 번 중심 불 주위를 공전하고, 별들은 움직이지 않는다. 움직이는 지구는 중심 불을 향해 같은 얼굴을 숨기고 있기 때문에 절대 보이지 않는다. 최초로 알려진 비지동성 우주의 모형이다.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Universe" class="extiw" title="w:On the Universe">데 문도(De Mundo)</a></i> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Aristotle" class="extiw" title="w:Pseudo-Aristotle">유사 아리스토텔레스(Pseudo-Aristotle)</a> (기원전 250년 또는 기원전 350년에서 200년 사이) </td> <td>우주는 하늘과 땅과 그 안에 포함된 원소들로 구성된 시스템이다. </td> <td>"다섯 가지 원소가 다섯 영역의 구체에 위치하며, 각각의 경우 더 작은 것이 더 큰 것에 둘러싸여 있으며, 즉 물로 둘러싸인 지구, 공기로 둘러싸인 물, 불로 둘러싸인 공기 및 에테르에 의해 둘러싸인 불이 전체 우주를 구성한다."<sup id="cite_ref-1908DeMundo_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1908DeMundo-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EC%95%84_%ED%95%99%ED%8C%8C" title="스토아 학파">스토아 학파 우주</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EC%95%84%ED%95%99%ED%8C%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="스토아학파">스토아학파</a> (기원전 300년~200년) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="은하">섬 우주</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="우주">우주</a>는 유한하며 무한한 공허로 둘러싸여 있다. 그것은 유동적인 상태에 있으며, 크기가 변동하고 주기적으로 격변과 충돌을 겪는다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-disambig" title="티마이오스">플라톤 우주</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%9D%BC%ED%86%A4" title="플라톤">플라톤</a> (기원 360년경) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%84%A4" title="지구중심설">지구중심적</a>, 복잡한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EB%A1%A0" title="우주기원론">우주기원론</a>, 유한 범위, 내포 된 유한 시간, 주기적 </td> <td>중앙에 정적 지구, 완벽한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%AC" title="천구">천구</a>로 움직이는 천체들로 둘러싸여 있으며, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EB%AF%B8%EC%9A%B0%EB%A5%B4%EA%B3%A0%EC%8A%A4" title="데미우르고스">데미우르고스</a>의 의지에 의해 다음 순서대로 배열되었다<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: 달, 태양, 행성 및 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_stars" class="extiw" title="w:Fixed stars">고정 별(fixed stars)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 복잡한 움직임들은 '<a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%85%84" title="대년">완벽한 해</a>'마다 반복된다..<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentric_spheres" class="extiw" title="w:Concentric spheres">에우독소스의 모형</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%9A%B0%EB%8F%85%EC%86%8C%EC%8A%A4" title="에우독소스">에우독소스</a> (기원전 340년경) 및 이후 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callippus" class="extiw" title="w:Callippus">칼리푸스<sub>Callippus</sub></a>. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%99%EC%84%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="지동설">지구중심적</a>, 최초의 기하학적 수학적 모형 </td> <td>천체는 마치 지구를 중심으로 한 여러 개의 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentric_spheres" class="extiw" title="w:Concentric spheres">보이지 않는 동심구</a>에 붙어있는 것처럼 움직이며, 각 천체는 자신과 다른 축을 중심으로 다른 속도로 회전한다.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 27개의 동심 구들이 있으며, 각 구는 각 천체에 대해 관측 가능한 운동 유형을 설명한다. 에우독소스는 각 천체의 구체가 실제로 존재하지 않고 천체의 가능한 위치를 보여줄 뿐이라는 점에서 이 모형은 순전히 수학적 구성이라는 점을 강조했다.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Heavens" class="extiw" title="w:On the Heavens">아리스토텔레스의 우주(Aristotelian universe)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="아리스토텔레스">아리스토텔레스</a> (기원전 384-322년) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%99%EC%84%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="지동설">지구중심적</a> (에우독소스의 모형에 기초), 정적, 정상 상태, 유한한 범위, 무한한 시간 </td> <td>정적이고 구형인 지구는 43~55개의 물질과 결정체인 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentric_spheres" class="extiw" title="w:Concentric spheres">동심구(concentric spheres)</a>인 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_spheres" class="extiw" title="w:Celestial spheres">천체구(Celestial spheres)</a>로 둘러싸여 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 우주는 영원토록 변하지 않고 존재한다. 네 가지 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="고대 원소">고대 원소</a>들에 추가된 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4" title="아이테르">아이테르</a>라는 다섯 번째 원소를 포함한다.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Sizes_and_Distances_(Aristarchus)" class="extiw" title="w:On the Sizes and Distances (Aristarchus)">아리스타르코스 우주(Aristarchean universe)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%98_%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4" title="사모스의 아리스타르코스">아리스타르코스</a> (기원전 280년경) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%84%A4" title="태양중심설">태양중심적</a> </td> <td>지구는 자전축을 중심으로 매일 자전하고 태양을 중심으로 매년 공전하며 원궤도를 돌고 있다. 태양을 중심으로 고정된 별들의 구가 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%84%A4" title="지구중심설">프톨레마이오스 모형</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%ED%86%A8%EB%A0%88%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-disambig" title="프톨레마이오스">프톨레마이오스</a> (기원전 2세기) </td> <td>지구중심적 (아리스토텔레스 우주 기반) </td> <td>우주는 정지한 지구 주위를 공전한다. 행성들은 지구 근처의 중심점을 중심으로 더 큰 원형 궤도(편심 또는 대원이라고 함)에서 움직이는 중심을 가진 원형 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferent_and_epicycle" class="extiw" title="w:Deferent and epicycle">주전원</a>들에서 움직인다. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equant" class="extiw" title="w:Equant">에콴트(Equant)</a>의 사용은 또 다른 수준의 복잡성을 추가하여 천문학자들이 행성의 위치를 예측할 수 있게 했다. 수명을 기준으로 한 역사상 가장 성공적인 우주 모형. <i><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A7%88%EA%B2%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="알마게스트">알마게스트</a></i>(위대한 시스템). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martianus_Capella#De_nuptiis" class="extiw" title="w:Martianus Capella">카펠라의 모형(Capella's model)</a> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martianus_Capella" class="extiw" title="w:Martianus Capella">마르티아누스 카펠라<sub>Martianus Capella</sub></a> (420년경) </td> <td>지구중심적 및 태양중심적 </td> <td>지구는 우주의 중심에 있고 달, 태양, 세 행성들, 별들이 그 주위를 돌고 있으며 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%84%B1" title="수성">수성</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EC%84%B1" title="금성">금성</a>은 태양 주위를 돌고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>아리아바타 모형 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EB%B0%94%ED%83%80" title="아리아바타">아리아바타</a> (499년) </td> <td>지구중심적 또는 태양중심적 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%90%EC%A0%84" title="지구의 자전">지구의 자전</a> 및 행성들은 지구 또는 태양 주위의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9B%90_%EA%B6%A4%EB%8F%84" title="타원 궤도">타원 궤도</a>들에서 움직인다; 지구와 태양 모두에 대해 주어진 행성 궤도로 인해 모형이 지구중심적인지 태양중심적인지 불확실하다. </td></tr> <tr> <td>중세 우주 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B8%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99" title="중세철학">중세 철학자들</a> (500-1200년) </td> <td>유한한 시간 </td> <td>시간이 유한하고 시작이 있는 우주는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90_%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99" title="기독교 철학">기독교 철학자</a> [존 필로포누스]]에 의해 제안되었으며 그는 무한한 과거에 대한 고대 그리스 개념에 반론한다. 유한한 우주를 뒷받침하는 논리적 논증은 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Islamic_philosophy" class="extiw" title="w:Early Islamic philosophy">초기 이슬람 철학자</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C_%ED%82%A8%EB%94%94" class="mw-redirect" title="알 킨디">알 킨디</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" class="extiw" title="w:Jewish philosophy">유대인 철학자</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadia_Gaon" class="extiw" title="w:Saadia Gaon">사디아 가온<sub>Saadia Gaon</sub></a> 그리고 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalam" class="extiw" title="w:Kalam">무슬림 신학자</a> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%9E%98%EB%A6%AC" title="가잘리">가잘리</a>에 의해 개발되었다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_cosmology" class="extiw" title="w:Hindu cosmology">비평행 다중 우주(Non-Parallel Multiverse)</a>. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EA%B0%80%EB%B0%94%ED%83%80_%ED%91%B8%EB%9D%BC%EB%82%98" title="바가바타 푸라나">바가바타 푸라나</a>(800-1000년) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%A4%91_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="다중 우주">다중 우주</a>, 비평행 우주 </td> <td>무수한 우주는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%A4%91_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="다중 우주론">다중 우주</a> 이론과 비슷하지만, 각 우주가 서로 다르고 개별적인 <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiva" class="extiw" title="w:Jiva">지바-아트마스(Jivātman)</a></i>(육화된 영혼)가 한 번에 정확히 하나의 우주에 존재하는 비평행 우주를 제외하면, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%A4%91_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="다중 우주론">다중 우주</a> 이론과 비슷하다. 모든 우주는 동일한 물질에서 나타나므로 모두 평행한 시간 주기를 따르며 동시에 나타나고 나타나지 않는다.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology_in_medieval_Islam#Multiversal_cosmology" class="extiw" title="w:Cosmology in medieval Islam">다중 우주론(multiversal cosmology)</a> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" class="extiw" title="w:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">파크르 알-딘 알-라지<sub>Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</sub></a> (1149-1209년) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%A4%91_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="다중 우주">다중 우주</a>, 여러 세계들과 우주들 </td> <td>알려진 세계 너머에는 무한한 우주 공간이 존재하며, 신은 무한한 수의 우주로 진공을 채울 수있는 힘을 가지고 있다. </td></tr> <tr> <td>마라가 모형들(Maragha models) </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maragheh_observatory" class="extiw" title="w:Maragheh observatory">마라가 학파(Maragha school)</a>(1259-1528) </td> <td>지구중심적 </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maragheh_observatory" class="extiw" title="w:Maragheh observatory">마라게 천문대(Maragheh observatory)</a>에서 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equant" class="extiw" title="w:Equant">에콴트(equant)</a> 및 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferent_and_epicycle" class="extiw" title="w:Deferent and epicycle">편심(eccentrics)</a>의 거부 그리고 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%8B%9C%EB%A5%B4_%EC%95%8C%EB%94%98_%EC%95%8C%ED%88%AC%EC%8B%9C" title="나시르 알딘 알투시">알 투시</a>에 의한 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusi_couple" class="extiw" title="w:Tusi couple">투시 쌍(Tusi couple)</a>의 도입을 포함하여 프톨레마이오스 모형과 아리스토텔레스 우주에 대한 다양한 수정들. 이후 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Shatir" class="extiw" title="w:Ibn al-Shatir">이븐 알 샤티르<sub>Ibn al-Shatir</sub></a>에 의한 최초의 정확한 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%AC" title="달">달</a>의 모형, [[w: <p>Ali Qushji|알리 쿠슈<sub>Ali Qushji</sub>]]의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%90%EC%A0%84" title="지구의 자전">지구의 자전</a>을 위해 정지한 지구를 거부하는 모형 및 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Birjandi" class="extiw" title="w:Al-Birjandi">알 비잔디<sub>Al-Birjandi</sub></a>에 의한 "원형 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EC%84%B1" title="관성">관성</a>"을 통합한 행성 모형을 포함한 대안 모형들이 제안되었다. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>닐라칸타 모형 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%90%EB%9D%BC%EC%B9%B8%ED%83%80_%EC%86%8C%EB%A7%88%EC%95%BC%EC%A7%80" title="닐라칸타 소마야지">닐라칸타 소마야지</a> (1444-1544년) </td> <td>지구중심적 및 태양중심적 </td> <td>행성들이 지구 주위를 도는 태양을 공전하는 우주; 후대의 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tychonic_system" class="extiw" title="w:Tychonic system">튀코적 체계(Tychonic system)</a>와 유사하다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernican_heliocentrism" class="extiw" title="w:Copernican heliocentrism">코페르니쿠스 우주(Copernican universe)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%BD%94%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%A4" title="니콜라우스 코페르니쿠스">니콜라우스 코페르니쿠스</a> (1473-1543년) </td> <td>원형의 행성 궤도를 가진 태양중심적, 유한한 범위 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EB%8F%99%EC%84%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="천동설">천동설</a></i>에서 처음 설명됨. 태양은 우주의 중심에 있고, 지구를 포함한 행성들은 태양 주위를 공전하지만 달은 지구 주위를 공전한다. 우주는 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_stars" class="extiw" title="w:Fixed stars">고정 별들(fixed stars)</a>의 영역에 의해 제한된다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tychonic_system" class="extiw" title="w:Tychonic system">튀코적 체계(Tychonic system)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EC%BD%94_%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%ED%97%A4" title="튀코 브라헤">튀코 브라헤</a> (1546-1601년) </td> <td>지구중심적 및 태양중심적 </td> <td>행성들이 태양을 공전하고 또한 태양이 지구를 공전하는 우주로, 이전의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%90%EB%9D%BC%EC%B9%B8%ED%83%80_%EC%86%8C%EB%A7%88%EC%95%BC%EC%A7%80" title="닐라칸타 소마야지">닐라칸타 모형</a>과 유사하다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%A4%EB%85%B8_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A3%A8%EB%85%B8#우주론" title="조르다노 브루노">브루노의 우주론</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%A4%EB%85%B8_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A3%A8%EB%85%B8" title="조르다노 브루노">조르다노 브루노</a> (1548-1600년) </td> <td>무한한 범위, 무한한 시간, 균질, 등방성, 비계층적 </td> <td>계층적 우주 개념을 거부함. 지구와 태양은 다른 천체와 비교할 때 특별한 속성이 없다. 별들 사이의 공백은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4" title="아이테르">아이테르</a>로 채워져 있고, 물질은 동일한 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="고대 원소">고대 원소</a>(물, 흙, 불, 공기)로 구성되며 원자론적이고 정령적이며 또한 지적인 존재이다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Magnete" class="extiw" title="w:De Magnete">드 마그넷(De Magnete)</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EA%B8%B8%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8" title="윌리엄 길버트">윌리엄 길버트</a> (1544-1603년) </td> <td>태양중심적, 무기한 확장됨 </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernican_heliocentrism" class="extiw" title="w:Copernican heliocentrism">코페르니쿠스적 태양중심주의</a>, 그러나 그는 증거가 제시되지 않은 유한한 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_stars" class="extiw" title="w:Fixed stars">고정 별들의 구(sphere of the fixed stars)</a>에 대한 아이디어를 거부한다.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>케플러 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%98%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%BC%80%ED%94%8C%EB%9F%AC" title="요하네스 케플러">요하네스 케플러</a> (1571-1630년) </td> <td>타원형 행성 궤도를 가진 태양중심적 </td> <td>수학과 물리학을 결합한 케플러의 발견은 현재 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EA%B3%84" title="태양계">태양계</a> 개념의 기초를 제공했지만, 먼 별들은 여전히 얇고 고정된 천구 안의 물체로 여겨졌다. </td></tr> <tr> <td>정적 뉴턴적 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%91_%EB%89%B4%ED%84%B4" title="아이작 뉴턴">아이작 뉴턴</a> (1642-1727년) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%81_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="정적 우주">정적</a> (진화), 정상 상태, 무한대 </td> <td>우주의 모든 입자는 다른 모든 입자를 끌어당긴다. 대규모의 물질은 균일하게 분포되어 있다. 중력적으로 균형을 이루지만 불안정하다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_explanations_of_gravitation" class="extiw" title="w:Mechanical explanations of gravitation">데카르트 소용돌이</a> 우주 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%A4_%EB%8D%B0%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="르네 데카르트">르네 데카르트</a>, 17세기 </td> <td>정적 (진화하는), 정상 상태, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%ED%95%9C%EB%8C%80" class="mw-redirect" title="무한대">무한대</a> </td> <td>아에테르 또는 미세 물질의 소용돌이치는 거대한 소용돌이 시스템은 중력 효과를 생성한다. 그러나 그의 진공은 비어 있지 않았고 모든 공간은 물질로 가득 차 있었다. </td></tr> <tr> <td>계층적 우주 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%84%EB%A7%88%EB%88%84%EC%97%98_%EC%B9%B8%ED%8A%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="임마누엘 칸트">임마누엘 칸트</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%9C_%EB%9E%8C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="요한 람베르트">요한 람베르트</a>, 18세기 </td> <td>정적 (진화하는), 정상 상태, 무한대 </td> <td>물질은 훨씬 더 큰 규모의 계층 구조로 군집되어 있다. 물질은 끝없이 재순환한다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%81_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="정적 우주">우주상수가 있는 아인슈타인 우주</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8" title="알베르트 아인슈타인">알베르트 아인슈타인</a>, 1917년 </td> <td>정적 (명목상). 경계인 (유한한) </td> <td>"움직임이 없는 물질". 균일하게 분포된 물질을 포함한다. 균일하게 구부러진 구형 공간; <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%A7%8C_%EA%B5%AC" title="리만 구">리만의 초구</a>를 기반으로 한다. 곡률은 Λ로 설정된다. 사실상 Λ는 중력을 상쇄하는 반발력에 해당한다. 불안정한. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Sitter_universe" class="extiw" title="w:De Sitter universe">더시터르 우주(De Sitter universe)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%EB%9F%BC_%EB%8D%94%EC%8B%9C%ED%84%B0%EB%A5%B4" title="빌럼 더시터르">빌럼 더시터르</a>, 1917년 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD" title="우주팽창">팽창</a>하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%91" title="우주의 모양">평평한 공간</a>. <p>정상 상태. Λ > 0 </p> </td> <td>"물질 없는 운동." 겉으로만 정적인 상태. 아인슈타인의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B0%98_%EC%83%81%EB%8C%80%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="일반 상대성이론">일반 상대성이론</a>에 근거. 우주는 일정한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B0%80%EC%86%8D_%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD" title="우주의 가속 팽창">가속도</a>로 팽창한다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%99%EB%8F%84%EC%9D%B8%EC%9E%90" title="척도인자">척도인자</a>는 지수적으로 증가한다 (일정한 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%89%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="급팽창 이론">급팽창</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>맥밀란 우주(MacMillan universe) </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Duncan_MacMillan" class="extiw" title="w:William Duncan MacMillan">윌리엄 던컨 맥밀란<sub>William Duncan MacMillan</sub></a> 1920년대 </td> <td>정적 및 정상 상태 </td> <td>새로운 물질은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B5%EC%82%AC" title="복사">복사</a>로부터 생성되며, 별빛은 끊임없이 새로운 물질 입자들로 재순환된다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A7%8C_%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EC%8B%9D" title="프리드만 방정식">프리드만 우주</a>, 구형 공간 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%8D%94_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A7%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="알렉산더 프리드만">알렉산더 프리드만</a> 1922년 </td> <td>구형 팽창 공간. <p><i>k</i> = +1; Λ 없음 </p> </td> <td>양의 곡률. 곡률 상수 <i>k</i> = +1 <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD" title="우주팽창">팽창</a> 후 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%A8%EB%AA%B0" title="대함몰">대함몰</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%91" title="우주의 모양">공간적으로 닫힘</a> (유한한). </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A7%8C_%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EC%8B%9D" title="프리드만 방정식">프리드만 우주</a>, 쌍곡공간 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%8D%94_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A7%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="알렉산더 프리드만">알렉산더 프리드만</a>, 1924년 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%8C%8D%EA%B3%A1%EA%B3%B5%EA%B0%84" title="쌍곡공간">쌍곡선</a> 팽창하는 공간. <p><i>k</i> = -1; Λ 없음 </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%91" title="우주의 모양">음의 곡률</a>. 무한하다고 말하지만 (모호함). 비경계인. 영원히 팽창한다 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_large_numbers_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="w:Dirac large numbers hypothesis">디랙 큰 수 가설(Dirac large numbers hypothesis)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4_%EB%94%94%EB%9E%99" title="폴 디랙">폴 디랙</a> 1930년대 </td> <td>팽창하는 <p>................................... </p> </td> <td>시간이 지남에 따라 감소하는 <i>G</i>의 큰 변화를 요구한다. 우주가 진화함에 따라 중력이 약해진다. </td></tr> <tr> <td>프리드만 영 곡률 </td> <td>아인슈타인과 드시터르, 1932년 </td> <td>팽창하는 평평한 공간 <p><i>k</i> = 0 ; Λ = 0 임계 밀도 </p> </td> <td>곡률 상수 <i>k</i> = 0. 무한하다고 알려져 있지만 모호함. "제한된 범위의 무한한 우주". 영원히 팽창한다. 알려진 모든 우주 중 "가장 단순한" 우주. 프리드만의 이름을 따서 명명되었으나 프리드만은 고려하지 않음. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deceleration_parameter" class="extiw" title="w:Deceleration parameter">감속 항(deceleration term)</a> '<i>q</i> = 1/2을 갖으며, 이것은 팽창 속도가 느려짐을 의미한다. </td></tr> <tr> <td>원래의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" title="대폭발">대폭발(빅뱅)</a> (프리드만-르메트르) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%B4%EC%A3%BC_%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%B4" title="조르주 르메트르">조르주 르메트르</a> 1927-29년 </td> <td>팽창 <p>Λ > 0 ; Λ > |중력| </p> </td> <td>Λ는 양수이며 중력보다 큰 크기를 가짐. 우주는 초기 고밀도 상태("원시 원자")를 가진다. 그 후 2단계 팽창이 이어진다. Λ는 우주를 불안정하게 만드는 데 사용된다. (르메트르는 빅뱅 모형의 아버지로 간주된다.) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_model" class="extiw" title="w:Cyclic model">진동하는 우주(Oscillating universe)</a> (프리드만-아인슈타인) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%8D%94_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A7%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="알렉산더 프리드만">프리드만</a>이 선호, 1920년대 </td> <td>주기적으로 팽창하고 수축함 </td> <td>시간은 끝이 없고 시작이 없으므로 시간의 시작 역설을 피할 수 있다. 대폭발(빅뱅)에 이어 대함몰(빅 크런치)가 뒤따르는 영원한 주기. (1917년 아인슈타인이 자신의 모형을 거부한 후 처음 선택한 이론.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>에딩턴 우주 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%84%9C_%EC%97%90%EB%94%A9%ED%84%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="아서 에딩턴">아서 에딩턴</a> 1930년 </td> <td>처음에는 정적인 후 팽창함 </td> <td>정적인 아인슈타인 1917년 우주가 불안정한 상태에서 팽창 모드로 교란되고, 끊임없는 물질 희석으로 드사터르 우주가 된다. Λ가 중력을 지배한다. </td></tr> <tr> <td>운동학적 상대론의 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milne_model" class="extiw" title="w:Milne model">밀른 우주(Milne universe)</a> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Arthur_Milne" class="extiw" title="w:Edward Arthur Milne">에드워드 밀른<sub>Edward Milne</sub></a>, 1933년, 1935년; <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McCrea_(astronomer)" class="extiw" title="w:William McCrea (astronomer)">윌리엄 H. 맥크레아<sub>William McCrea</sub></a>, 1930년대 </p> </td> <td>공간 팽창 없는 운동학적 팽창 </td> <td>일반 상대성이론과 팽창하는 공간 패러다임을 거부한다. 중력은 초기 가정으로 포함되지 않았다. 우주론적 원리와 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98_%EC%83%81%EB%8C%80%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="특수 상대성이론">특수 상대성이론</a>을 따른다; 무한하고 텅 빈 평평한 공간 내에서 팽창하는 입자들(또는 은하들)의 유한한 구형 구름으로 구성된다. 그것은 한 중심과 광속으로 팽창하는 한 우주적 가장자리(입자 구름의 표면)릉 가진다. 중력에 대한 설명은 정교했지만 설득력이 없다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A7%8C-%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%B4-%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8%EC%8A%A8-%EC%9B%8C%EC%BB%A4_%EA%B3%84%EB%9F%89" title="프리드만-르메트르-로버트슨-워커 계량">프리드만-르메트르-로버트슨-워커</a> 모형들 중 고급 </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_P._Robertson" class="extiw" title="w:Howard P. Robertson">하워드 로버트슨<sub>Howard Robertson</sub></a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%84%9C_%EC%A7%80%EC%98%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9B%8C%EC%BB%A4" title="아서 지오프리 워커">아서 워커</a>, 1935년 </td> <td>균일하게 팽창 </td> <td>균질하고 등방성인 우주의 종류. 시공간은 균일하게 구부러진 공간과 함께 움직이는 모든 관측자에게 공통적인 우주 시간으로 분리된다. 이 공식화 체계는 현재 우주 시간과 곡선 공간에 대한 FLRW 또는 로버트슨-워커 측정법으로 알려져 있다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%83%81%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="정상우주론">정상 상태</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%8C_%EB%B3%B8%EB%94%94" title="헤르만 본디">헤르만 본디</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gold" class="extiw" title="w:Thomas Gold">토마스 골드<sub>Thomas Gold</sub></a>, 1948년 </td> <td>팽창하는, 정상 상태, 무한의 </td> <td>물질 생성 속도가 일정한 밀도를 유지함. 무에서 유를 창조하는 연속적인 창조. 지수함수적 팽창. 감속 항 <i>q</i> = -1. </td></tr> <tr> <td>정상 상태 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%93%9C_%ED%98%B8%EC%9D%BC" title="프레드 호일">프레드 호일</a> 1948년 </td> <td>팽창, 정상 상태; 그러나 불안정함 </td> <td>물질 생성 속도가 일정한 밀도를 유지함. 그러나 물질 생성 속도가 공간 팽창 속도와 정확하게 균형을 이루어야 하므로 시스템이 불안정하다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cosmology" class="extiw" title="w:Plasma cosmology">앰비플라즈마{ambiplasma}</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%95%8C%EB%B2%A4" title="한네스 알벤">한네스 알벤</a><br /> 1965년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4_%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="오스카 클라인">오스카 클라인</a> </td> <td>세포 우주,<br /> 물질-반물질 쌍소멸을 통해 팽창하는 </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cosmology" class="extiw" title="w:Plasma cosmology">플라즈마 우주론(plasma cosmology)</a>의 개념을 기반으로 gks다. 우주는 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_layer" class="extiw" title="w:Double layer">이중층(double layer)</a>으로 나뉘어진 "메타 은하들{meta-galaxies}"로 간주되며 따라서 거품과 같은 성질을 가지고 있다. 다른 우주들은 다른 거품으로 형성된다. 진행 중인 우주 물질-<a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88" title="반물질">반물질</a>.<a href="/wiki/%EC%8C%8D%EC%86%8C%EB%A9%B8" title="쌍소멸">쌍소멸</a>은 거품들이 서로 상호작용하지 못하도록 분리되어 움직이도록 한다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%9E%9C%EC%8A%A4-%EB%94%95_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="브랜스-딕 이론">브랜스-딕 이론</a> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_H._Brans" class="extiw" title="w:Carl H. Brans">칼 H. 브랜스<sub>Carl H. Brans</sub></a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%ED%97%A8%EB%A6%AC_%EB%94%95" title="로버트 헨리 딕">로버트 헨리 딕</a> </td> <td>팽창하는 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98_%EC%9B%90%EB%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="마하의 원리">마하의 원리</a>에 근거. <i>G</i>는 우주가 팽창함에 따라 시간에 따라 변한다. "그러나 아무도 마하의 원리가 실제로 무엇을 의미하는지 확신하지 못한다."<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36482206"><sup class="정리_필요 noprint">[<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98_%ED%95%84%EC%9A%94" title="위키백과:출처 필요">출처 필요</a>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%89%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="급팽창 이론">우주 급팽창</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A8%EB%9F%B0_%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="앨런 구스">앨런 구스</a> 1980년 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%ED%8F%89%EC%84%A0_%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C" title="지평선 문제">지평선 문제</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%B8%ED%8F%89%EB%8F%84_%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C" title="편평도 문제">편평도 문제</a>를 해결하기 위해 수정된 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" title="대폭발">대폭발(빅뱅)</a> </td> <td>뜨거운 급팽창의 개념을 기반으로 한다. 우주는 다중 양자 플럭스로 간주되며, 따라서 거품과 같은 성질을 가진다. 다른 우주들은 다른 거품들로부터 형성된다; 진행 중인 우주 팽창은 거품들이 분리되어 서로 멀어지도록 한다... </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%9B%90%ED%95%9C_%EA%B8%89%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="영원한 급팽창 이론">영원한 급팽창</a> (다중 우주 모형) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4_%EB%A6%B0%EB%8D%B0" title="안드레이 린데">안드레이 린데</a>, 1983년 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%89%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="급팽창 이론">우주 급팽창</a>이있는 대폭발(빅뱅) </td> <td>독립적인 초기 조건을 가진 급팽창 사건이 각각 무작위로 발생하는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%A4%91_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="다중 우주">다중 우주</a>의 개념에 기반한 차가운 급팽창; 일부는 전체 우주처럼 추정되는 거품 우주들로 확장된다. 거품은 한 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_foam" class="extiw" title="w:Quantum foam">시공간 거품(spacetime foam)</a>에서 핵을 형성한다. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_model" class="extiw" title="w:Cyclic model">순환 모형(Cyclic model)</a> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Steinhardt" class="extiw" title="w:Paul Steinhardt">폴 슈타인하르트<sub>Paul Steinhardt</sub></a>;<br /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Turok" class="extiw" title="w:Neil Turok">닐 투록<sub>Neil Turok</sub></a> 2002년 </td> <td>주기적으로 팽창하고 또한 축소되는; <a href="/wiki/M_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="M 이론">M 이론</a>. </td> <td>두 개의 평행한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%B9%84%ED%8F%B4%EB%93%9C" title="오비폴드">오비폴드</a> 평면 또는 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane" class="extiw" title="w:Brane">M 브레인(brane)</a>이 고차원 공간에서 주기적으로 충돌하는 것을 말한다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%80%B8%ED%85%8C%EC%84%A0%EC%8A%A4_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="퀸테선스 (물리학)">퀸테선스</a> 또는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="암흑 에너지">암흑 에너지</a>와 함께. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_model" class="extiw" title="w:Cyclic model">순환 모형(Cyclic model)</a> </td> <td>로리스 바움<sub>Lauris Baum</sub>; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Frampton" class="extiw" title="w:Paul Frampton">폴 프램튼<sub>Paul Frampton</sub></a> 2007년 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_C._%ED%86%A8%EB%A8%BC" title="리처드 C. 톨먼">톨먼</a>의 엔트로피 문제 해결 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%A0%B9_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="유령 에너지">유령 암흑 에너지</a>는 우주를 많은 수의 단절된 패치로 조각화한다. 관측 가능한 패치는 영 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%ED%94%BC" title="엔트로피">엔트로피</a>인 암흑 에너지만 포함하며 수축한다. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>표 노트: "정적"이라는 용어는 단순히 팽창하지 않고 수축하지 않는다는 의미이다. 기호 <i>G</i>는 뉴턴의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5_%EC%83%81%EC%88%98" title="중력 상수">중력 상수</a>를 나타내고, Λ(람다)는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%83%81%EC%88%98" title="우주상수">우주상수</a>이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34752755">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%88%EB%8C%80%EA%B3%B5%EA%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="절대공간">절대 시공간</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%85_%ED%9E%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="빅 히스토리">빅 히스토리</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="지구과학">지구과학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98_%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1_%EB%B0%8F_%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="은하의 형성 및 진화">은하의 형성 및 진화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%9D%ED%8A%B8" title="일러스트리스 프로젝트">일러스트리스 프로젝트</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism_and_non-creationism" class="extiw" title="w:Jainism and non-creationism">자이나교와 비창조론(Jainism and non-creationism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9BCDM_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95" title="ΛCDM 모형">ΛCDM 모형</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="천문학자 목록">천문학자 목록</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-standard_cosmology" class="extiw" title="w:Non-standard cosmology">비표준 우주론(Non-standard cosmology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EA%B7%B9" title="태극">태극</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C" title="우주론 연표">우주론 연표</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98_%ED%9A%8C%EC%A0%84_%EA%B3%A1%EC%84%A0" title="은하 회전 곡선">범용 회전 곡선</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warm_inflation" class="extiw" title="w:Warm inflation">따뜻한 급팽창(Warm inflation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" title="대폭발">대폭발(빅뱅)</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="출처"><span id=".EC.B6.9C.EC.B2.98"></span>출처</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 출처"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38501082">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480595">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9" title="위키미디어 공용">위키미디어 공용</a></b>에 관련된<br />미디어 분류가 있습니다.<div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cosmology?uselang=ko">우주론</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web">Bragg, Melvyn (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0054880">“The Universe's Shape”</a>. 《bbc.co.uk》. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2023년 5월 23일에 확인함</span>. <q>Melvyn Bragg discusses shape, size and topology of the universe and examines theories about its expansion. If it is already infinite, how can it be getting any bigger? And is there really only one?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Universe%27s+Shape&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Bragg&rft.aufirst=Melvyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fp0054880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/exhibits/cosmology/index.htm">“Cosmic Journey: A History of Scientific Cosmology”</a>. 《history.aip.org》. American Institute of Physics. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2023년 5월 23일에 확인함</span>. <q>The history of cosmology is a grand story of discovery, from ancient Greek astronomy to -space telescopes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.aip.org&rft.atitle=Cosmic+Journey%3A+A+History+of+Scientific+Cosmology&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fexhibits%2Fcosmology%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Dodelson, Scott; Schmidt, Fabian (2020). 《Modern Cosmology 2nd Edition》. Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0128159484" title="특수:책찾기/978-0128159484"><bdi>978-0128159484</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Cosmology+2nd+Edition&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0128159484&rft.aulast=Dodelson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Fabian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Download full text: <cite class="citation web">Dodelson, Scott; Schmidt, Fabian (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/487717848/Scott-Dodelson-Fabian-Schmidt-Modern-cosmology-2021-libgen-lc-pdf">“Scott Dodelson - Fabian Schmidt - Modern Cosmology (2021) PDF”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 《scribd.com》. Academic Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2023년 5월 23일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scribd.com&rft.atitle=Scott+Dodelson+-+Fabian+Schmidt+-+Modern+Cosmology+%282021%29+PDF&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Dodelson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Fabian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F487717848%2FScott-Dodelson-Fabian-Schmidt-Modern-cosmology-2021-libgen-lc-pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/genesismission/">“Genesis, Search for Origins. End of mission wrap up.”</a>. 《genesismission.jpl.nasa.gov》. NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2023년 5월 23일에 확인함</span>. <q>About 4.6 billion years ago, the solar nebula transformed into the present solar system. In order to chemically model the processes which drove that transformation, we would, ideally, like to have a sample of that original nebula to use as a baseline from which we can track changes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=genesismission.jpl.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Genesis%2C+Search+for+Origins.+End+of+mission+wrap+up.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fgenesismission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Leonard, Scott A; McClure, Michael (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mythknowingintro0000leon">《Myth and Knowing》</a>. McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-7674-1957-4" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-7674-1957-4"><bdi>978-0-7674-1957-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myth+and+Knowing&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7674-1957-4&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Scott+A&rft.au=McClure%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmythknowingintro0000leon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation arxiv">Lyth, David (1993년 12월 12일). “Introduction to Cosmology”. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9312022">astro-ph/9312022</a>. <q>These notes form an introduction to cosmology with special emphasis on large scale structure, the cmb anisotropy and inflation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Cosmology&rft.date=1993-12-12&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F9312022&rft.aulast=Lyth&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Lectures given at the Summer School in High Energy Physics and Cosmology, ICTP (Trieste) 1993.) 60 pages, plus 5 Figures.</li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu">“NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)”</a>. 《ned.ipac.caltech.edu》. NASA. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2023년 5월 23일에 확인함</span>. <q>April 2023 Release Highlights Database Updates</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ned.ipac.caltech.edu&rft.atitle=NASA%2FIPAC+Extragalactic+Database+%28NED%29&rft.date=2023&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fned.ipac.caltech.edu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/Library/Distances/">“NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)”</a>. 《ned.ipac.caltech.edu》. NASA. 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2023년 5월 23일에 확인함</span>. <q>NED-D: A Master List of Redshift-Independent Extragalactic Distances</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ned.ipac.caltech.edu&rft.atitle=NASA%2FIPAC+Extragalactic+Database+%28NED%29&rft.date=2020&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fned.ipac.caltech.edu%2FLibrary%2FDistances%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sophia_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Sophia Centre (없는 문서)">Sophia Centre</a>. The Sophia Centre for the Study of Cosmology in Culture, University of Wales Trinity Saint David.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Karl Hille, 편집. (2016년 10월 13일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/hubble-reveals-observable-universe-contains-10-times-more-galaxies-than-previously-thought">“Hubble Reveals Observable Universe Contains 10 Times More Galaxies Than Previously Thought”</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2016년 10월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hubble+Reveals+Observable+Universe+Contains+10+Times+More+Galaxies+Than+Previously+Thought&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2016-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fgoddard%2F2016%2Fhubble-reveals-observable-universe-contains-10-times-more-galaxies-than-previously-thought&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hetherington, Norriss S. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EP9QAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA116">《Encyclopedia of Cosmology (Routledge Revivals): Historical, Philosophical, and Scientific Foundations of Modern Cosmology》</a>. Routledge. 116쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-317-67766-6" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-317-67766-6"><bdi>978-1-317-67766-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Cosmology+%28Routledge+Revivals%29%3A+Historical%2C+Philosophical%2C+and+Scientific+Foundations+of+Modern+Cosmology&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-67766-6&rft.aulast=Hetherington&rft.aufirst=Norriss+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEP9QAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Luminet, Jean-Pierre (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PeDqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA170">《The Wraparound Universe》</a>. CRC Press. 170쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-4398-6496-8" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-4398-6496-8"><bdi>978-1-4398-6496-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wraparound+Universe&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4398-6496-8&rft.aulast=Luminet&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPeDqBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PeDqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA170">Extract of page 170</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9988-instant-expert-cosmology.html">"Introduction: Cosmology – space"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150703163336/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9988-instant-expert-cosmology.html">보관됨</a> 3 7월 2015 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>. <i>New Scientist</i>. 4 September 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811063912/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/cosmology">"Cosmology"</a> Oxford Dictionaries</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20190225-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20190225_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Overbye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis Overbye (없는 문서)">Overbye, Dennis</a> (2019년 2월 25일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/25/science/cosmos-hubble-dark-energy.html">“Have Dark Forces Been Messing With the Cosmos? – Axions? Phantom energy? Astrophysicists scramble to patch a hole in the universe, rewriting cosmic history in the process.”</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>》<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2019년 2월 26일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Have+Dark+Forces+Been+Messing+With+the+Cosmos%3F+%E2%80%93+Axions%3F+Phantom+energy%3F+Astrophysicists+scramble+to+patch+a+hole+in+the+universe%2C+rewriting+cosmic+history+in+the+process.&rft.date=2019-02-25&rft.aulast=Overbye&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F02%2F25%2Fscience%2Fcosmos-hubble-dark-energy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Spergel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Spergel (없는 문서)">David N. Spergel</a> (Fall 2014). “Cosmology Today”. 《Daedalus》 <b>143</b> (4): 125–133. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1162%2FDAED_a_00312">10.1162/DAED_a_00312</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57568214">57568214</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daedalus&rft.atitle=Cosmology+Today&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=125-133&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2FDAED_a_00312&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A57568214&rft.au=David+N.+Spergel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Planck_2015-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Planck_2015_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Planck Collaboration (2016년 10월 1일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/planck-2015-results(491d214e-7255-415e-97b5-96d8ae621eaa).html">“Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters”</a>. 《Astronomy & Astrophysics》 <b>594</b> (13). Table 4 on page 31 of PDF. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1502.01589">1502.01589</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016A&A...594A..13P">2016A&A...594A..13P</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201525830">10.1051/0004-6361/201525830</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119262962">119262962</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+%26+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Planck+2015+results.+XIII.+Cosmological+parameters&rft.volume=594&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=Table+4+on+page+31+of+PDF&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1502.01589&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119262962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201525830&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016A%26A...594A..13P&rft.au=Planck+Collaboration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.research.manchester.ac.uk%2Fportal%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fplanck-2015-results%28491d214e-7255-415e-97b5-96d8ae621eaa%29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Diderot (Biography), Denis (2015년 4월 1일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/did2222.0001.084/--detailed-explanation-of-the-system-of-human-knowledge?rgn=main;view=fulltext;q1=Geology">“Detailed Explanation of the System of Human Knowledge”</a>. 《Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert – Collaborative Translation Project》<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2015년 4월 1일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Diderot+%26+d%27Alembert+%E2%80%93+Collaborative+Translation+Project&rft.atitle=Detailed+Explanation+of+the+System+of+Human+Knowledge&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.aulast=Diderot+%28Biography%29&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fd%2Fdid%2Fdid2222.0001.084%2F--detailed-explanation-of-the-system-of-human-knowledge%3Frgn%3Dmain%3Bview%3Dfulltext%3Bq1%3DGeology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15877/15877-h/15877-h.htm#viii._52">《The thoughts of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus viii. 52》</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+thoughts+of+Marcus+Aurelius+Antoninus+viii.+52&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F15877%2F15877-h%2F15877-h.htm%23viii._52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein, A.</a> (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1952prel.book..175E">“Cosmological considerations on the general theory of relativity”</a>. 《The Principle of Relativity. Dover Books on Physics. June 1, 1952. 240 Pages. 0486600815, P. 175-188》: 175–188. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1952prel.book..175E">1952prel.book..175E</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Principle+of+Relativity.+Dover+Books+on+Physics.+June+1%2C+1952.+240+Pages.+0486600815%2C+P.+175-188&rft.atitle=Cosmological+considerations+on+the+general+theory+of+relativity&rft.pages=175-188&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1952prel.book..175E&rft.aulast=Einstein&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F1952prel.book..175E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dodelson, Scott (2003년 3월 30일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zk5e6XsY6nsC&q=Cosmology&pg=PP2">《Modern Cosmology》</a> (영어). Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-08-051197-9" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-08-051197-9"><bdi>978-0-08-051197-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Cosmology&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2003-03-30&rft.isbn=978-0-08-051197-9&rft.aulast=Dodelson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzk5e6XsY6nsC%26q%3DCosmology%26pg%3DPP2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Falk, Dan (2009년 3월 18일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0262407909608095">“Review: The Day We Found the Universe by Marcia Bartusiak”</a>. 《New Scientist》 (영어) <b>201</b> (2700): 45. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0262-4079%2809%2960809-5">10.1016/S0262-4079(09)60809-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0262-4079">0262-4079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Review%3A+The+Day+We+Found+the+Universe+by+Marcia+Bartusiak&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=2700&rft.pages=45&rft.date=2009-03-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0262-4079%2809%2960809-5&rft.issn=0262-4079&rft.aulast=Falk&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0262407909608095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Hubble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Hubble (없는 문서)">Hubble, E. P.</a> (1926년 12월 1일). “Extragalactic nebulae.”. 《The Astrophysical Journal》 <b>64</b>: 321. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1926ApJ....64..321H">1926ApJ....64..321H</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F143018">10.1086/143018</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X">0004-637X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Extragalactic+nebulae.&rft.volume=64&rft.pages=321&rft.date=1926-12-01&rft.issn=0004-637X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F143018&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1926ApJ....64..321H&rft.aulast=Hubble&rft.aufirst=E.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Martin, G. (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphystap:018830020017501">“G. DELSAULX. — Sur une propriété de la diffraction des ondes planes; Annales de la Société scientifique de Bruxelles; 1882”</a>. 《Journal de Physique Théorique et Appliquée》 (프랑스어) <b>2</b> (1): 175. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1051%2Fjphystap%3A018830020017501">10.1051/jphystap:018830020017501</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0368-3893">0368-3893</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+Physique+Th%C3%A9orique+et+Appliqu%C3%A9e&rft.atitle=G.+DELSAULX.+%E2%80%94+Sur+une+propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9+de+la+diffraction+des+ondes+planes%3B+Annales+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+scientifique+de+Bruxelles%3B+1882&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=175&rft.date=1883&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2Fjphystap%3A018830020017501&rft.issn=0368-3893&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1051%2Fjphystap%3A018830020017501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Hubble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Hubble (없는 문서)">Hubble, Edwin</a> (1929년 3월 15일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC522427">“A Relation Between Distance and Radial Velocity Among Extra-Galactic Nebulae”</a>. 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》 <b>15</b> (3): 168–173. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1929PNAS...15..168H">1929PNAS...15..168H</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.15.3.168">10.1073/pnas.15.3.168</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC522427">522427</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577160">16577160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=A+Relation+Between+Distance+and+Radial+Velocity+Among+Extra-Galactic+Nebulae&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=168-173&rft.date=1929-03-15&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC522427&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1929PNAS...15..168H&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.15.3.168&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16577160&rft.aulast=Hubble&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC522427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arno_Allan_Penzias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arno Allan Penzias (없는 문서)">Penzias, A. A.</a>; Wilson, R. W. (1965년 7월 1일). “A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s.”. 《The Astrophysical Journal》 <b>142</b>: 419–421. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1965ApJ...142..419P">1965ApJ...142..419P</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F148307">10.1086/148307</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X">0004-637X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Measurement+of+Excess+Antenna+Temperature+at+4080+Mc%2Fs.&rft.volume=142&rft.pages=419-421&rft.date=1965-07-01&rft.issn=0004-637X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F148307&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1965ApJ...142..419P&rft.aulast=Penzias&rft.aufirst=A.+A.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+R.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Boggess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy Boggess (없는 문서)">Boggess, N. W.</a>; Mather, J. C.; Weiss, R.; Bennett, C. L.; Cheng, E. S.; Dwek, E.; Gulkis, S.; Hauser, M. G.; Janssen, M. A.; Kelsall, T.; Meyer, S. S. (1992년 10월 1일). “The COBE mission – Its design and performance two years after launch”. 《The Astrophysical Journal》 <b>397</b>: 420–429. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ApJ...397..420B">1992ApJ...397..420B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F171797">10.1086/171797</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X">0004-637X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+COBE+mission+%E2%80%93+Its+design+and+performance+two+years+after+launch&rft.volume=397&rft.pages=420-429&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft.issn=0004-637X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F171797&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992ApJ...397..420B&rft.aulast=Boggess&rft.aufirst=N.+W.&rft.au=Mather%2C+J.+C.&rft.au=Weiss%2C+R.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+C.+L.&rft.au=Cheng%2C+E.+S.&rft.au=Dwek%2C+E.&rft.au=Gulkis%2C+S.&rft.au=Hauser%2C+M.+G.&rft.au=Janssen%2C+M.+A.&rft.au=Kelsall%2C+T.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+S.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Parker, Barry R. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27069165">《The vindication of the big bang : breakthroughs and barriers》</a>. New York: Plenum Press. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-306-44469-0" title="특수:책찾기/0-306-44469-0"><bdi>0-306-44469-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8_%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80_%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0" title="온라인 컴퓨터 도서관 센터">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/27069165">27069165</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+vindication+of+the+big+bang+%3A+breakthroughs+and+barriers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Plenum+Press&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F27069165&rft.isbn=0-306-44469-0&rft.au=Parker%2C+Barry+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F27069165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3225151.3232529">〈Computer Graphics Achievement Award〉</a>. 《ACM SIGGRAPH 2018 Awards》. SIGGRAPH '18. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: Association for Computing Machinery. 2018년 8월 12일. 1쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1145%2F3225151.3232529">10.1145/3225151.3232529</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-4503-5830-9" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-4503-5830-9"><bdi>978-1-4503-5830-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:51979217">51979217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Computer+Graphics+Achievement+Award&rft.btitle=ACM+SIGGRAPH+2018+Awards&rft.place=Vancouver%2C+British+Columbia%2C+Canada&rft.series=SIGGRAPH+%2718&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.date=2018-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A51979217&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F3225151.3232529&rft.isbn=978-1-4503-5830-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F3225151.3232529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Science, American Association for the Advancement of (2007년 6월 15일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.316.5831.1547d">“NETWATCH: Botany's Wayback Machine”</a>. 《Science》 (영어) <b>316</b> (5831): 1547. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.316.5831.1547d">10.1126/science.316.5831.1547d</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220096361">220096361</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=NETWATCH%3A+Botany%27s+Wayback+Machine&rft.volume=316&rft.issue=5831&rft.pages=1547&rft.date=2007-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220096361&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.316.5831.1547d&rft.aulast=Science&rft.aufirst=American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.316.5831.1547d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Paraficz, D.; Hjorth, J.; Elíasdóttir, Á (2009년 5월 1일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2009/20/aa11387-08/aa11387-08.html">“Results of optical monitoring of 5 SDSS double QSOs with the Nordic Optical Telescope”</a>. 《Astronomy & Astrophysics》 (영어) <b>499</b> (2): 395–408. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/0903.1027">0903.1027</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009A&A...499..395P">2009A&A...499..395P</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F200811387">10.1051/0004-6361/200811387</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361">0004-6361</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+%26+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Results+of+optical+monitoring+of+5+SDSS+double+QSOs+with+the+Nordic+Optical+Telescope&rft.volume=499&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=395-408&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0903.1027&rft.issn=0004-6361&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F200811387&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009A%26A...499..395P&rft.aulast=Paraficz&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Hjorth%2C+J.&rft.au=El%C3%ADasd%C3%B3ttir%2C+%C3%81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aanda.org%2Farticles%2Faa%2Fabs%2F2009%2F20%2Faa11387-08%2Faa11387-08.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Guth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Guth (없는 문서)">Alan Guth</a> is reported to have made this very claim in an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edge_Foundation,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edge Foundation, Inc. (없는 문서)">Edge Foundation</a> interview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edge.org/documents/day/day_guth.html">EDGE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411071615/https://www.edge.org/documents/day/day_guth.html">보관됨</a> 11 4월 2016 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sample, Ian (2014년 6월 4일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/jun/04/gravitational-wave-discovery-dust-big-bang-inflation">“Gravitational waves turn to dust after claims of flawed analysis”</a>. 《the Guardian》.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gravitational+waves+turn+to+dust+after+claims+of+flawed+analysis&rft.date=2014-06-04&rft.aulast=Sample&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2014%2Fjun%2F04%2Fgravitational-wave-discovery-dust-big-bang-inflation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nature-20150130-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nature-20150130_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">Cowen, Ron (2015년 1월 30일). “Gravitational waves discovery now officially dead”. 《<a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>》. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature.2015.16830">10.1038/nature.2015.16830</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:124938210">124938210</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Gravitational+waves+discovery+now+officially+dead&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature.2015.16830&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A124938210&rft.aulast=Cowen&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20141201-DO-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20141201-DO_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Overbye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis Overbye (없는 문서)">Dennis Overbye</a> (2014년 12월 1일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/02/world/new-images-refine-view-of-infant-universe.html">“New Images Refine View of Infant Universe”</a>. 《The New York Times》<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2014년 12월 2일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Images+Refine+View+of+Infant+Universe&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft.au=Dennis+Overbye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F12%2F02%2Fworld%2Fnew-images-refine-view-of-infant-universe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lm3233-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-lm3233_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeonardMcClure2004">Leonard & McClure 2004</a>, 32–33쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Crouch, C. L. (2010년 2월 8일). “Genesis 1:26-7 As a statement of humanity's divine parentage”. 《The Journal of Theological Studies》 (영어) <b>61</b> (1): 1–15. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fjts%2Fflp185">10.1093/jts/flp185</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Theological+Studies&rft.atitle=Genesis+1%3A26-7+As+a+statement+of+humanity%27s+divine+parentage&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-15&rft.date=2010-02-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjts%2Fflp185&rft.aulast=Crouch&rft.aufirst=C.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BICEP2-2014-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BICEP2-2014_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bicepkeck.org">“BICEP2 2014 Results Release”</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>》. 2014년 3월 17일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2014년 3월 18일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Science+Foundation&rft.atitle=BICEP2+2014+Results+Release&rft.date=2014-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbicepkeck.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/planck/publications#Planck2015">“Publications – Cosmos”</a>. 《www.cosmos.esa.int》 (영국 영어)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2018년 8월 19일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cosmos.esa.int&rft.atitle=Publications+%E2%80%93+Cosmos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cosmos.esa.int%2Fweb%2Fplanck%2Fpublications%23Planck2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aristotle, <i>On the Heavens</i>, ii, 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Most of Anaximander's model of the Universe comes from pseudo-Plutarch (II, 20–28): <dl><dd>"[The Sun] is a circle twenty-eight times as big as the Earth, with the outline similar to that of a fire-filled chariot wheel, on which appears a mouth in certain places and through which it exposes its fire, as through the hole on a flute. [...] the Sun is equal to the Earth, but the circle on which it breathes and on which it's borne is twenty-seven times as big as the whole earth. [...] [The eclipse] is when the mouth from which comes the fire heat is closed. [...] [The Moon] is a circle nineteen times as big as the whole earth, all filled with fire, like that of the Sun".</dd></dl> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Benjamin_Boyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Benjamin Boyer (없는 문서)">Carl B. Boyer</a> (1968), <a href="//archive.org/details/AHistoryOfMathematics" class="extiw" title="iarchive:AHistoryOfMathematics"><i>A History of Mathematics.</i></a> Wiley. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38117996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0471543977" title="특수:책찾기/0471543977">0471543977</a>. p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1908DeMundo-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1908DeMundo_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Aristotle (1914). Forster, E. S.; Dobson, J. F., 편집. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/demundoarisrich#page/4/mode/2up">《De Mundo》</a>. Oxford University Press. 393<sup>a</sup>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Mundo&rft.pages=393%3Csup%3Ea%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1914&rft.au=Aristotle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fdemundoarisrich%23page%2F4%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"그가 영혼을 만든 구성 요소와 그가 만든 방식은 다음과 같다: 분할할 수 없고 항상 변하지 않는 '존재'와 분할할 수 있고 육체적 영역에서 생겨나는 '존재' 사이에 그는 다른 두 가지에서 파생된 제3의 중간 형태의 존재를 섞었다. 마찬가지로, 그는 '같은 것'과 '다른 것'을 섞은 다음, 나눌 수 없는 것과 나눌 수 있는 육체적 존재 사이에 '다른 것'을 섞었다. 그리고 그는 세 가지 혼합물을 가져다가 섞어 균일한 혼합물을 만들고, 섞기 어려운 '다른 것'을 '같은 것'에 맞추도록 강요했다. 이제 그는 이 두 가지를 존재와 섞어서 하나의 혼합물을 만들었을 때, 그리고 세 가지를 섞어서 하나의 혼합물을 만들었을 때, 그는 전체 혼합물을 자신의 작업에 필요한 만큼의 부분으로 다시 나누어 각 부분은 동일, 다름, 존재의 혼합물로 남게 되었다." (35a-b), 번역 도널드 J. 자일</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plat.+Tim.+36c">Plato, Timaeus, 36c</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plat.+Tim.+36d">Plato, Timaeus, 36d</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plat.+Tim.+39d">Plato, Timaeus, 39d</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Yavetz, Ido (February 1998). “On the Homocentric Spheres of Eudoxus”. 《Archive for History of Exact Sciences》 <b>52</b> (3): 222–225. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998AHES...52..222Y">1998AHES...52..222Y</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs004070050017">10.1007/s004070050017</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/41134047">41134047</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:121186044">121186044</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archive+for+History+of+Exact+Sciences&rft.atitle=On+the+Homocentric+Spheres+of+Eudoxus&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=222-225&rft.date=1998-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs004070050017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A121186044&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41134047&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998AHES...52..222Y&rft.aulast=Yavetz&rft.aufirst=Ido&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Crowe, Michael (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theoriesofworldf0000crow_w6a0">《Theories of the World from Antiquity to the Copernican Revolution》</a>. Mineola, NY: Dover. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theoriesofworldf0000crow_w6a0/page/n44">23</a>쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-486-41444-2" title="특수:책찾기/0-486-41444-2"><bdi>0-486-41444-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theories+of+the+World+from+Antiquity+to+the+Copernican+Revolution&rft.place=Mineola%2C+NY&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Dover&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-486-41444-2&rft.aulast=Crowe&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheoriesofworldf0000crow_w6a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Easterling, H (1961). “Homocentric Spheres in De Caelo”. 《Phronesis》 <b>6</b> (2): 138–141. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163%2F156852861x00161">10.1163/156852861x00161</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/4181694">4181694</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phronesis&rft.atitle=Homocentric+Spheres+in+De+Caelo&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=138-141&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156852861x00161&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4181694&rft.aulast=Easterling&rft.aufirst=H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lloyd, G. E. R. (1968). 《The critic of Plato. Aristotle: The Growth and Structure of His Thought》. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-521-09456-6" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-521-09456-6"><bdi>978-0-521-09456-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+critic+of+Plato.+Aristotle%3A+The+Growth+and+Structure+of+His+Thought&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-521-09456-6&rft.au=Lloyd%2C+G.+E.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hirshfeld, Alan W. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20871578">“The Triangles of Aristarchus”</a>. 《The Mathematics Teacher》 <b>97</b> (4): 228–231. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5951%2FMT.97.4.0228">10.5951/MT.97.4.0228</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0025-5769">0025-5769</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/20871578">20871578</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mathematics+Teacher&rft.atitle=The+Triangles+of+Aristarchus&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=228-231&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=0025-5769&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20871578&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5951%2FMT.97.4.0228&rft.aulast=Hirshfeld&rft.aufirst=Alan+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20871578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce S. Eastwood, <i>Ordering the Heavens: Roman Astronomy and Cosmology in the Carolingian Renaissance</i> (Leiden: Brill, 2007), pp. 238–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mirabello, Mark (2016년 9월 15일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EGEoDwAAQBAJ&q=A+Traveler's+Guide+to+the+Afterlife:+Traditions+and+Beliefs+on+Death,+Dying,+and+What+Lies+Beyond">《A Traveler's Guide to the Afterlife: Traditions and Beliefs on Death, Dying, and What Lies Beyond》</a> (영어). Simon and Schuster. 23쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-62055-598-9" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-62055-598-9"><bdi>978-1-62055-598-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Traveler%27s+Guide+to+the+Afterlife%3A+Traditions+and+Beliefs+on+Death%2C+Dying%2C+and+What+Lies+Beyond&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2016-09-15&rft.isbn=978-1-62055-598-9&rft.aulast=Mirabello&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEGEoDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DA%2BTraveler%27s%2BGuide%2Bto%2Bthe%2BAfterlife%3A%2BTraditions%2Band%2BBeliefs%2Bon%2BDeath%2C%2BDying%2C%2Band%2BWhat%2BLies%2BBeyond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gilbert, William (1893). 〈Book 6, Chapter III〉. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/williamgilbertof00gilb">《De Magnete》</a>. 번역 Mottelay, P. Fleury. (Facsimile). New York: Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-486-26761-X" title="특수:책찾기/0-486-26761-X"><bdi>0-486-26761-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+6%2C+Chapter+III&rft.btitle=De+Magnete&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1893&rft.isbn=0-486-26761-X&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwilliamgilbertof00gilb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38501015">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="우주론" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38585741"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0_%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:우주론 주제"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0_%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:우주론 주제 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0_%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%9C" title="특수:문서편집/틀:우주론 주제"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="우주론" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">우주론</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">배경</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4" title="우주의 나이">우주의 나이</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" title="대폭발">대폭발(빅뱅)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="우주의 역사">우주의 역사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="우주">우주</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5%ED%95%9C_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="관측 가능한 우주">관측 가능한 우주</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">우주론의 역사</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_cosmic_microwave_background_radiation" class="extiw" title="w:Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation">우주 마이크로파 배경 복사의 발견(Discovery of CMB radiation)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Big_Bang_theory" class="extiw" title="w:History of the Big Bang theory">대폭발 이론의 역사(History of the Big Bang theory)</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90%EC%A0%81_%ED%95%B4%EC%84%9D" title="대폭발이론의 종교적 해석">대폭발 이론의 종교적 해석</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C" title="우주론 연표">우주론 연표</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">과거 우주</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC_%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%ED%8C%8C_%EB%B0%B0%EA%B2%BD" title="우주 마이크로파 배경">우주 마이크로파 배경</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC_%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%B0%EA%B2%BD" title="우주 중성미자 배경">우주 중성미자 배경</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5%ED%8C%8C_%EB%B0%B0%EA%B2%BD" title="중력파 배경">중력파 배경</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%89%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="급팽창이론">급팽창</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C_%ED%95%B5%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1" title="대폭발 핵합성">대폭발 핵합성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC#거주가능_시대" title="우주의 역사">거주 가능 시대</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">현재 우주</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A7%8C-%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%B4-%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8%EC%8A%A8-%EC%9B%8C%EC%BB%A4_%EA%B3%84%EB%9F%89" title="프리드만-르메트르-로버트슨-워커 계량">FLRW 계량</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A7%8C_%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EC%8B%9D" title="프리드만 방정식">프리드만 방정식</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B8%94-%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%B4_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="허블-르메트르 법칙">허블-르메트르 법칙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD" title="우주팽창">공간의 메트릭 팽창</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B0%80%EC%86%8D_%ED%8C%BD%EC%B0%BD" title="우주의 가속 팽창">우주의 가속 팽창</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%83%89%ED%8E%B8%EC%9D%B4" title="적색편이">적색편이</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">미래 우주</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EB%A7%90" title="우주의 종말">팽창하는 우주의 마래</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EB%A7%90" title="우주의 종말">우주의 종말</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">구성 요소</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="암흑 에너지">암흑 에너지</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91_%EC%9C%A0%EC%B2%B4" title="암흑 유체">암흑 유체</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91_%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88" class="mw-redirect" title="암흑 물질">암흑 물질</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%80%B8%ED%85%8C%EC%84%A0%EC%8A%A4_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="퀸테선스 (물리학)">퀸테선스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9BCDM_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95" title="ΛCDM 모형">ΛCDM 모형</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">구조 형성</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98_%ED%95%84%EB%9D%BC%EB%A9%98%ED%8A%B8" title="은하 필라멘트">은하 필라멘트</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98_%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1_%EB%B0%8F_%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="은하의 형성 및 진화">은하 형성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B1%B0%EB%8C%80%ED%80%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%AC%EA%B5%B0" title="거대퀘이사군">거대퀘이사군</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC_%EA%B1%B0%EB%8C%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0" title="우주 거대구조">우주 거대구조</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%A0%84%EB%A6%AC" title="재전리">재전리</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%91" title="우주의 모양">우주의 모양</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_formation" class="extiw" title="w:Structure formation">구조 형성(Structure formation)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">실험</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2dF_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98_%EC%A0%81%EC%83%89%ED%8E%B8%EC%9D%B4_%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC" title="2dF 은하 적색편이 탐사">2dF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6dF_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98_%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC" title="6dF 은하 탐사">6dF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOOMERanG" title="BOOMERanG">BOOMERanG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%B0%B0%EA%B2%BD_%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC%EC%84%A0" title="우주배경 탐사선">COBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%9D%ED%8A%B8" title="일러스트리스 프로젝트">일러스트리스 프로젝트</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="관측 우주론">관측 우주론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%91%ED%81%AC_(%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="플랑크 (인공위성)">플랑크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%AC%EB%A1%A0_%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%9C%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC" title="슬론 디지털 전천탐사">SDSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%ED%82%A8%EC%8A%A8_%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%ED%8C%8C_%EB%B9%84%EB%93%B1%EB%B0%A9%EC%84%B1_%ED%83%90%EC%83%89%EA%B8%B0" title="윌킨슨 마이크로파 비등방성 탐색기">WMAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Crystal_Project_konquest.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Crystal_Project_konquest.png/16px-Crystal_Project_konquest.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Crystal_Project_konquest.png/24px-Crystal_Project_konquest.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Crystal_Project_konquest.png/32px-Crystal_Project_konquest.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="포털:천문학">천문학 포털</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38501015"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="형이상학" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38585741"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%ED%95%99" title="틀:형이상학"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:형이상학 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%ED%95%99" title="특수:문서편집/틀:형이상학"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="형이상학" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%ED%95%99" title="형이상학">형이상학</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="분류:형이상학자">형이상학자</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%88%EB%8D%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="파르메니데스">파르메니데스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%9D%BC%ED%86%A4" title="플라톤">플라톤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="아리스토텔레스">아리스토텔레스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%A1%9C%ED%8B%B0%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="플로티노스">플로티노스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%91%94%EC%8A%A4_%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94%ED%88%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="둔스 스코투스">둔스 스코투스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%95%84%ED%80%B4%EB%82%98%EC%8A%A4" title="토마스 아퀴나스">토마스 아퀴나스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%80%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94_%EC%88%98%EC%95%84%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="프란시스코 수아레스">프란시스코 수아레스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC_%EB%A7%90%EB%B8%8C%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%88" title="니콜라 말브랑슈">니콜라 말브랑슈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%A4_%EB%8D%B0%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="르네 데카르트">르네 데카르트</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A1%9C%ED%81%AC" title="존 로크">존 로크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%ED%9D%84" title="데이비드 흄">데이비드 흄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C" title="토머스 리드">토머스 리드</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%A7%88%EB%88%84%EC%97%98_%EC%B9%B8%ED%8A%B8" title="이마누엘 칸트">이마누엘 칸트</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%91_%EB%89%B4%ED%84%B4" title="아이작 뉴턴">아이작 뉴턴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4_%EC%87%BC%ED%8E%9C%ED%95%98%EC%9A%B0%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="아르투르 쇼펜하우어">아르투르 쇼펜하우어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%A4%BC%ED%9D%90_%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC%EB%85%B8%EC%9E%90" title="바뤼흐 스피노자">바뤼흐 스피노자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC_%EB%B9%8C%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88_%ED%97%A4%EA%B2%94" title="게오르크 빌헬름 프리드리히 헤겔">게오르크 W. F. 헤겔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EB%B2%84%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%AC" title="조지 버클리">조지 버클리</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%ED%8A%B8%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B9%8C%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%ED%94%84%EB%8B%88%EC%B8%A0" title="고트프리트 빌헬름 라이프니츠">고트프리트 빌헬름 라이프니츠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%99%EB%A6%AC_%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EA%B7%B8%EC%86%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="앙리 베르그송">앙리 베르그송</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88_%EB%8B%88%EC%B2%B4" title="프리드리히 니체">프리드리히 니체</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%83%8C%EB%8D%94%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8D%BC%EC%8A%A4" title="찰스 샌더스 퍼스">찰스 샌더스 퍼스</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80%ED%94%84_%EB%A7%88%EB%A0%88%EC%83%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="조지프 마레샬 (없는 문서)">조지프 마레샬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%8A%B8%EB%B9%84%ED%9E%88_%EB%B9%84%ED%8A%B8%EA%B2%90%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8" title="루트비히 비트겐슈타인">루트비히 비트겐슈타인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B4_%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EB%8D%B0%EA%B1%B0" title="마르틴 하이데거">마르틴 하이데거</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%93%9C_%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4_%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8%ED%97%A4%EB%93%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="알프레드 노스 화이트헤드">알프레드 N. 화이트헤드</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B0%EB%93%9C_%EB%9F%AC%EC%85%80" title="버트런드 러셀">버트런드 러셀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8F%84%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C_%EC%97%90%EB%A9%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="도러시 에멧 (없는 문서)">도러시 에멧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._E._%EB%AC%B4%EC%96%B4" title="G. E. 무어">G. E. 무어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%ED%8F%B4_%EC%82%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="장폴 사르트르">장폴 사르트르</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B8%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%BC" title="길버트 라일">길버트 라일</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%90%EB%9F%AC%EB%A6%AC_%ED%8D%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%84%98" title="힐러리 퍼트넘">힐러리 퍼트넘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._F._%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A8" title="P. F. 스트로슨">P. F. 스트로슨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._G._%EC%BD%9C%EB%A7%81%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C" title="R. G. 콜링우드">R. G. 콜링우드</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%EB%8F%8C%ED%94%84_%EC%8A%88%ED%87%B4%EC%96%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아돌프 슈퇴어 (없는 문서)">아돌프 슈퇴어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%8F%8C%ED%94%84_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%82%98%ED%94%84" title="루돌프 카르나프">루돌프 카르나프</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%94_%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%82%A4" title="솔 크립키">솔 크립키</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%9F%AC%EB%93%9C_%EB%B0%B4_%EC%98%A4%EB%A8%BC_%EC%BD%B0%EC%9D%B8" title="윌러드 밴 오먼 콰인">윌러드 V. O. 콰인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._E._M._%EC%95%A4%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%A4" title="G. E. M. 앤스콤">G. E. M. 앤스콤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%84%90%EB%93%9C_%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%97%EC%8A%A8_(%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="도널드 데이빗슨 (철학자)">도널드 데이빗슨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4_%EB%8D%A4%EB%B0%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="마이클 덤밋">마이클 덤밋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EB%A7%90%EB%A0%88_%EC%95%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="데이비드 말레 암스트롱">데이비드 말레 암스트롱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4_(%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90)" title="데이비드 루이스 (철학자)">데이비드 루이스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A8%EB%B9%88_%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%9C%ED%8C%85%EA%B0%80" title="앨빈 플랜팅가">앨빈 플랜팅가</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%84%B0_%EB%B0%98_%EC%9D%B8%EC%99%80%EA%B2%90" title="피터 반 인와겐">피터 반 인와겐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EB%A0%89_%ED%8C%8C%ED%95%8F" title="데렉 파핏">데렉 파핏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="형이상학자 목록">기타 ...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%ED%95%99_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="분류:형이상학 이론">이론</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%96%89%EB%8F%99%EB%A1%A0_(%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="행동론 (철학) (없는 문서)">행동론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%8B%A4%EC%9E%AC%EB%A1%A0" title="반실재론">반실재론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%EC%A0%95%EB%A1%A0" title="결정론">결정론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%9B%90%EB%A1%A0" title="이원론">이원론</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%9C%EC%A0%95%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="제정주의 (없는 문서)">제정주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B8%EC%A7%88%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="본질주의">본질주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EC%A1%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="실존주의">실존주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%9D%98%EC%A7%80" title="자유의지">자유의지</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EB%85%90%EB%A1%A0" title="관념론">관념론</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%9D%98%EC%A7%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_(%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%ED%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="자유의지주의 (형이상학) (없는 문서)">자유의지주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="자유">자유</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%AC%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="유물론">유물론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B6%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%98%EB%AF%B8" title="삶의 의미">삶의 의미</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EC%9B%90%EB%A1%A0" title="일원론">일원론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_(%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99)" title="자연주의 (철학)">자연주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%AC%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="허무주의">허무주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%84%EC%83%81%EB%A1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="현상론">현상론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EC%9E%AC%EB%A1%A0" title="실재론">실재론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="물리주의">물리주의</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%94%BC%EC%96%B4%EC%8B%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%88%EC%9D%98_%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="피어시그의 질의 형이상학 (없는 문서)">피어시그의 질의 형이상학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%94%8C%EB%9D%BC%ED%86%A4_%EA%B4%80%EB%85%90%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="플라톤 관념주의 (없는 문서)">플라톤 관념주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%EB%8C%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="상대주의">상대주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81_%EC%8B%A4%EC%9E%AC%EB%A1%A0" title="과학적 실재론">과학적 실재론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%95%84%EB%A1%A0" title="유아론">유아론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B4%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="주관주의">주관주의</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="물질론 (없는 문서)">물질론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%98%95_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="유형 이론">유형 이론</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EA%B0%9C%EB%85%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="분류:형이상학의 개념 (없는 문서)">개념</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B6%94%EC%83%81_%EB%8C%80%EC%83%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="추상 대상 (없는 문서)">추상 대상</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EC%98%81%ED%98%BC" title="세계 영혼">세계 영혼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4%EC%9C%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="존유">존유</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%94%EC%A3%BC_(%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99)" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99_%ED%95%98%EC%9C%84%EB%B6%84%EC%95%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:천문학 하위분야 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99_%ED%95%98%EC%9C%84%EB%B6%84%EC%95%BC" title="특수:문서편집/틀:천문학 하위분야"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="천문학의_주요_하위분야" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="천문학">천문학</a>의 주요 하위분야</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EB%B2%95" title="역법">역법</a></li> <li><a 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title="우주생물학">우주생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="천체화학">천체화학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="우주화학">우주화학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="물리우주론">물리우주론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="관측천문학">관측천문학</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="noprint metadata navbox" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0 0"><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Crystal_Project_konquest.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Crystal_Project_konquest.png/21px-Crystal_Project_konquest.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" 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href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000055251&P_CON_LNG=ENG">라트비아</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00574083">일본</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="kosmologie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114989&CON_LNG=ENG">체코</a></abbr></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">원본 주소 "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=우주론&oldid=38344582">https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=우주론&oldid=38344582</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>새 주제</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5fd4b9f45-wzsph","wgBackendResponseTime":138,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.872","walltime":"1.200","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12083,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":312892,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14389,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":105726,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 918.406 1 -total"," 27.65% 253.945 1 틀:각주"," 14.52% 133.350 1 틀:위키데이터_속성_추적"," 11.51% 105.733 1 틀:자연_연표"," 10.95% 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1,\n [\"CITEREFKarl_Hille2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonardMcClure2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLloyd,_G._E._R.1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuminet2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin1883\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMirabello2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOverbye2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParaficzHjorthElíasdóttir2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker,_Barry_R.1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPenziasWilson1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlanck_Collaboration2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSample2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScience2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYavetz1998\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"ArXiv 인용\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"각주\"] = 1,\n [\"뉴스 인용\"] = 3,\n [\"물리우주론\"] = 1,\n [\"본문\"] = 1,\n [\"서적 인용\"] = 13,\n [\"우주론 주제\"] = 1,\n [\"웹 인용\"] = 9,\n [\"위키공용분류\"] = 1,\n [\"위키데이터 속성 추적\"] = 1,\n [\"자연 연표\"] = 1,\n [\"저널 인용\"] = 17,\n [\"전거 통제\"] = 1,\n [\"참고\"] = 3,\n [\"천문학 하위분야\"] = 1,\n [\"출처\"] = 3,\n [\"형이상학\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-cv6l9","timestamp":"20250223171319","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\uc6b0\uc8fc\ub860","url":"https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q338","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q338","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\uc704\ud0a4\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \uae30\uc5ec\uc790"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-01-31T03:38:27Z","dateModified":"2024-12-21T02:56:35Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/cc\/The_Hubble_eXtreme_Deep_Field.jpg","headline":"\uc6b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0, 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