CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">     <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="ca" xml:lang="ca" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <head> <title>Measurement and simulations of high-energy neutrons through a various thickness of concrete and steel shields using activation detectors at CHARM and CSBF - CERN Document Server</title> <link href='https://framework.web.cern.ch/framework/2.0/fonts/PTSansWeb/PTSansWeb.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/css/cern_theme.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet"href="/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar.css" type="text/css" />    <link rel="canonical" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=el" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=fr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="bg" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=bg" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-TW" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=zh_TW" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=pt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="no" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=no" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=hr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ca" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=ca" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=it" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=zh_CN" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=sv" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sk" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=sk" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=pl" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=ru" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ka" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=ka" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=ja" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/?ln=es" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CERN Document Server RSS" href="/rss?ln=ca" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cds.cern.ch/opensearchdescription" title="CERN Document Server" /> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="https://cds.cern.ch/unapi" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="ca" /> <meta name="description" content="A shielding experiment using activation detectors was performed at the CERN High-energy AcceleRator Mixed-field (CHARM) facility and the CERN Shielding Benchmark Facility (CSBF). The protons (24 GeV/c) were bombarded into a 50-cm-thick copper target, and the released neutrons were transmitted through various shields located vertically upward from the target. Ordinary concrete slabs of 40- to 160-cm thicknesses and steel slabs of 20- to 80-cm thicknesses were installed by changing the material and the thickness of the shield. Activation detectors of bismuth, indium, aluminum, and graphite were variously placed in these shields and activated by high energy neutrons. From the radionuclide production rate in the activation detectors, the attenuation profiles through the various shielding materials were obtained for the reactions of 209Bi(n,xn)210-xBi(x = 4–9), 115In(n,n’)115mIn, 27Al(n,α)24Na, and 12C(n,2n)11C. Estimated attenuation lengths of high energy neutrons through concrete and steel were compared with cited data and discussed. Monte Carlo simulations using FLUKA, PHITS, and GEANT4 were also performed as benchmark calculations, and they agreed with the experimental data, generally within a factor of 2. Nakao, Noriaki; Sanami, Toshiya; Kajimoto, Tsuyoshi; Yashima, Hiroshi; Froeschl, Robert; Bozzato, Davide; Iliopoulou, Elpida; Infantino, Angelo; Lee, Eunji; Oyama, Takahiro; Hagiwara, Masayuki; Nagaguro, Seiji; Matsumoto, Tetsuro; Masuda, Akihiko; Uwamino, Yoshitomo; Devienne, Arnaud; Pozzi, Fabio; Tisi, Marco; Lorenzon, Tommaso; Menaa, Nabil; Vincke, Heinz; Roesler, Stefan; Brugger, Markus" /> <meta name="keywords" content="CERN Document Server, WebSearch, CERN Document Server" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$']], processEscapes: true}, showProcessingMessages: false, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML" type="text/javascript"> </script>  <meta content="submitter : Measurement and simulations of high-energy neutrons through a various thickness of concrete and steel shields using activation detectors at CHARM and CSBF" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="Nakao, Noriaki" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Brugger, Markus" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Oyama, Takahiro" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Hagiwara, Masayuki" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Nagaguro, Seiji" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Froeschl, Robert" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Lee, Eunji" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Bozzato, Davide" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Matsumoto, Tetsuro" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Uwamino, Yoshitomo" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Iliopoulou, Elpida" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Tisi, Marco" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Yashima, Hiroshi" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Infantino, Angelo" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Sanami, Toshiya" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Devienne, Arnaud" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Kajimoto, Tsuyoshi" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Masuda, Akihiko" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Pozzi, Fabio" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Roesler, Stefan" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Vincke, Heinz" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Lorenzon, Tommaso" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Menaa, Nabil" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="10.1080/00223131.2023.2239243" name="citation_doi" /> <meta content="J. Nucl. Sci. Tech." name="citation_journal_title" /> <meta content="61" name="citation_volume" /> <meta content="429-447" name="citation_firstpage" /> <meta content="2023" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/03/14"> <meta content="10.1080/00223131.2023.2239243" name="citation_doi" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/files/Measurement and simulations of high-energy neutrons through a various thickness of concrete and steel shields using activation detectors at CHARM and .pdf" />  <meta content="submitter" property="og:title" /> <meta content="Measurement and simulations of high-energy neutrons through a various thickness of concrete and steel shields using activation detectors at CHARM and CSBF" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673" property="og:url" /> <meta content="CERN Document Server" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="submitter" property="og:description" /> <meta content="A shielding experiment using activation detectors was performed at the CERN High-energy AcceleRator Mixed-field (CHARM) facility and the CERN Shielding Benchmark Facility (CSBF). The protons (24 GeV/c) were bombarded into a 50-cm-thick copper target, and the released neutrons were transmitted through various shields located vertically upward from the target. Ordinary concrete slabs of 40- to 160-cm thicknesses and steel slabs of 20- to 80-cm thicknesses were installed by changing the material and the thickness of the shield. Activation detectors of bismuth, indium, aluminum, and graphite were variously placed in these shields and activated by high energy neutrons. From the radionuclide production rate in the activation detectors, the attenuation profiles through the various shielding materials were obtained for the reactions of 209Bi(n,xn)210-xBi(x = 4–9), 115In(n,n’)115mIn, 27Al(n,α)24Na, and 12C(n,2n)11C. Estimated attenuation lengths of high energy neutrons through concrete and steel were compared with cited data and discussed. Monte Carlo simulations using FLUKA, PHITS, and GEANT4 were also performed as benchmark calculations, and they agreed with the experimental data, generally within a factor of 2." property="og:description" />  <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <style></style> </head> <body class="CERN32Document32Server search" lang="ca">  <div id="cern-toolbar"> <h1><a href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN">CERN <span>Accelerating science</span></a></h1> <ul> <li class="cern-accountlinks"><a class="cern-account" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/login?ln=ca&referer=https%3A//cds.cern.ch/record/2891673/%3Fln%3Dca" title="Sign in to your CERN account">Sign in</a></li> <li><a class="cern-directory" href="http://cern.ch/directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div role="banner" class="clearfix" id="header"> <div class="header-inner inner"> <hgroup class="clearfix"> <h2 id="site-name"> <a rel="home" title="Home" href="/"><span>CERN Document Server</span></a> </h2> <h3 id="site-slogan">Access articles, reports and multimedia content in HEP</h3> </hgroup> <div role="navigation" id="main-navigation" class="cdsmenu"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul class="links inline clearfix"> <li class="menu-386 first active-trail"><a class="active-trail" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=ca">Cerca</a></li> <li class="menu-444 "><a class="" title="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=ca">Lliura</a></li> <li class="menu-426 "><a class="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=ca">Ajuda</a></li> <li class="leaf hassubcdsmenu"> <a hreflang="en" class="header" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=ca">Personalitza</a> <ul class="subsubcdsmenu"><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/list?ln=ca">Les vostres alertes</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourbaskets/display?ln=ca">Els vostres cistells</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourcomments?ln=ca">Your comments</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/display?ln=ca">Les vostres cerques</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> <a href="/?ln=ca" class="navtrail">Pàgina inicial</a> > Measurement and simulations of high-energy neutrons through a various thickness of concrete and steel shields using activation detectors at CHARM and CSBF </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pagebody"><div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <div class="detailedrecordbox"> <div class="detailedrecordtabs"> <div> <ul class="detailedrecordtabs"><li class="on first"><a href="/record/2891673/?ln=ca">Informació: </a></li><li class=""><a href="/record/2891673/files?ln=ca">Fitxers </a></li></ul> <div id="tabsSpacer" style="clear:both;height:0px"> </div></div> </div> <div class="detailedrecordboxcontent"> <div class="top-left-folded"></div> <div class="top-right-folded"></div> <div class="inside">  <abbr class="unapi-id" title="2891673"></abbr> <style type="text/css">  </style> <table class="formatRecordTableFullWidth" > <tr> <td class="formatRecordHeader" style="background-image: url('https://cds.cern.ch/img/journals.jpg');" colspan="2">  Article </td> </tr> <script type="text/javascript"> $( document ).ready(function() { $('.showAuthor').on('click', function() { var author = '<p>' + $(this).data('name') + '</p>'; var affiliation = $(this).data('affiliation') + '</br>'; var contribution = $(this).data('contribution') + '</br>'; $.magnificPopup.open({ items: { src: '<div id="ovelary-mathjax" class="overlay-white oc-content overlay-white-500">' + author + affiliation + contribution + '</div>', type: 'inline' }, callbacks: { open: function() { var div = document.getElementById("overlay-mathjax") MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub, div]); }, } }) }) }); </script> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Title </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><b>Measurement and simulations of high-energy neutrons through a various thickness of concrete and steel shields using activation detectors at CHARM and CSBF</b></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> Author(s) </span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"> <script type="text/javascript"> function toggle_authors_visibility(){ var more = document.getElementById('more'); var link = document.getElementById('link'); var extension = document.getElementById('extension'); if (more.style.display=='none'){ more.style.display = ''; extension.style.display = 'none'; link.innerHTML = "Amaga" } else { more.style.display = 'none'; extension.style.display = ''; link.innerHTML = "Mostra tots els 23 autors" } link.style.color = "rgb(204,0,0);" } function set_up(){ var extension = document.getElementById('extension'); extension.innerHTML = ""; toggle_authors_visibility(); } </script> <a name="show_hide" /><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Nakao%2C%20Noriaki&ln=ca">Nakao, Noriaki</a> (Tokyo Inst. Tech.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Sanami%2C%20Toshiya&ln=ca">Sanami, Toshiya</a> (KEK, Tsukuba) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Kajimoto%2C%20Tsuyoshi&ln=ca">Kajimoto, Tsuyoshi</a> (Hiroshima U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Yashima%2C%20Hiroshi&ln=ca">Yashima, Hiroshi</a> (Kyoto Sangyo U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Froeschl%2C%20Robert&ln=ca">Froeschl, Robert</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Bozzato%2C%20Davide&ln=ca">Bozzato, Davide</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Iliopoulou%2C%20Elpida&ln=ca">Iliopoulou, Elpida</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Infantino%2C%20Angelo&ln=ca">Infantino, Angelo</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Lee%2C%20Eunji&ln=ca">Lee, Eunji</a> (Kyushu U.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Oyama%2C%20Takahiro&ln=ca">Oyama, Takahiro</a> (KEK, Tsukuba)<span id="more" style=""> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Hagiwara%2C%20Masayuki&ln=ca">Hagiwara, Masayuki</a> (KEK, Tsukuba) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Nagaguro%2C%20Seiji&ln=ca">Nagaguro, Seiji</a> (KEK, Tsukuba) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Matsumoto%2C%20Tetsuro&ln=ca">Matsumoto, Tetsuro</a> (AIST, Tsukuba) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Masuda%2C%20Akihiko&ln=ca">Masuda, Akihiko</a> (AIST, Tsukuba) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Uwamino%2C%20Yoshitomo&ln=ca">Uwamino, Yoshitomo</a> (Tokyo Inst. Tech.) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Devienne%2C%20Arnaud&ln=ca">Devienne, Arnaud</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Pozzi%2C%20Fabio&ln=ca">Pozzi, Fabio</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Tisi%2C%20Marco&ln=ca">Tisi, Marco</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Lorenzon%2C%20Tommaso&ln=ca">Lorenzon, Tommaso</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Menaa%2C%20Nabil&ln=ca">Menaa, Nabil</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Vincke%2C%20Heinz&ln=ca">Vincke, Heinz</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Roesler%2C%20Stefan&ln=ca">Roesler, Stefan</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Brugger%2C%20Markus&ln=ca">Brugger, Markus</a> (CERN)</span> <span id="extension"></span> <small><i><a id="link" href="#" onclick="toggle_authors_visibility()" style="color:rgb(204,0,0);"></a></i></small><script type="text/javascript">set_up()</script></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Publication </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">2023</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Number of pages </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">19</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> In: </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2023.2239243"><i>J. Nucl. Sci. Tech.</i> 61 (2023) 429-447</a> </a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> DOI </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2023.2239243" title="DOI" target="_blank">10.1080/00223131.2023.2239243</a> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Subject category </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Accelerators and Storage Rings</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Accelerator/Facility, Experiment </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?p=CERN%20CHARM&f=693__a">CERN CHARM</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Abstract </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">A shielding experiment using activation detectors was performed at the CERN High-energy AcceleRator Mixed-field (CHARM) facility and the CERN Shielding Benchmark Facility (CSBF). The protons (24 GeV/c) were bombarded into a 50-cm-thick copper target, and the released neutrons were transmitted through various shields located vertically upward from the target. Ordinary concrete slabs of 40- to 160-cm thicknesses and steel slabs of 20- to 80-cm thicknesses were installed by changing the material and the thickness of the shield. Activation detectors of bismuth, indium, aluminum, and graphite were variously placed in these shields and activated by high energy neutrons. From the radionuclide production rate in the activation detectors, the attenuation profiles through the various shielding materials were obtained for the reactions of 209Bi(n,xn)210-xBi(x = 4–9), 115In(n,n’)115mIn, 27Al(n,α)24Na, and 12C(n,2n)11C. Estimated attenuation lengths of high energy neutrons through concrete and steel were compared with cited data and discussed. Monte Carlo simulations using FLUKA, PHITS, and GEANT4 were also performed as benchmark calculations, and they agreed with the experimental data, generally within a factor of 2.</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Copyright/License </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Publication: © 2023-2024 The Author(s) (License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0</a>)</td></tr> </table> <br/>Corresponding record in: <a href="http://inspirehep.net/record/2766568">Inspire</a> <small> </small> <br/> <br/><br/><div align="right"><div style="padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:30px;"><span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"> <a href="" class="moreinfo">Torna a la cerca</a> </span></div></div> <div class="bottom-left-folded"><div class="recordlastmodifiedbox" style="position:relative;margin-left:1px"> Registre creat el 2024-03-14, darrera modificació el 2024-09-25</div></div> <div class="bottom-right-folded" style="text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px;"> <span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"><a href="/search?ln=ca&p=recid%3A2891673&rm=wrd" class="moreinfo">Registres semblants</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <br/> <br /> <div class="detailedrecordminipanel"> <div class="top-left"></div><div class="top-right"></div> <div class="inside"> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelfile" style="width:33%;float:left;text-align:center;margin-top:0"> <div><small class="detailedRecordActions">Text complet:</small> <br /><a href="/record/2891673/files/Measurement and simulations of high-energy neutrons through a various thickness of concrete and steel shields using activation detectors at CHARM and .pdf"><img style="border:none" src="/img/file-icon-text-34x48.gif" alt="Descarregar el text complet" /><br />PDF</a><br /></div> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelreview" style="width:30%;float:left;text-align:center"> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelactions" style="width:36%;float:right;text-align:right;"> <ul class="detailedrecordactions"> <li><a href="/yourbaskets/add?ln=ca&recid=2891673">Afegeix-lo al cistell personal</a></li> <li>Anomena i desa <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2891673/export/hx?ln=ca">BibTeX</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2891673/export/hm?ln=ca">MARC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2891673/export/xm?ln=ca">MARCXML</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2891673/export/xd?ln=ca">DC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2891673/export/xe?ln=ca">EndNote</a>,  <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2891673/export/xn?ln=ca">NLM</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2891673/export/xw?ln=ca">RefWorks</a> </li> </ul> <div style='padding-left: 13px;'>  <div id="bookmark"></div> <div id="bookmark_sciencewise"></div> <style type="text/css"> #bookmark_sciencewise, #bookmark {float: left;} #bookmark_sciencewise li {padding: 2px; width: 25px;} #bookmark_sciencewise ul, #bookmark ul {list-style-image: none;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.bookmark.min.js"></script> <style type="text/css">@import "/css/jquery.bookmark.css";</style> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ $.bookmark.addSite('sciencewise', 'ScienceWise.info', 'https://cds.cern.ch/img/sciencewise.png', 'en', 'bookmark', 'http://sciencewise.info/bookmarks/cds:2891673/add'); $('#bookmark_sciencewise').bookmark({sites: ['sciencewise']}); $('#bookmark').bookmark({ sites: ['facebook', 'twitter', 'linkedin', 'google_plusone'], icons: '/img/bookmarks.png', url: 'https://cds.cern.ch/record/2891673', addEmail: true, title: "Measurement and simulations of high-energy neutrons through a various thickness of concrete and steel shields using activation detectors at CHARM and CSBF", description: "A shielding experiment using activation detectors was performed at the CERN High-energy AcceleRator Mixed-field (CHARM) facility and the CERN Shielding Benchmark Facility (CSBF). The protons (24\u2009GeV/c) were bombarded into a 50-cm-thick copper target, and the released neutrons were transmitted through various shields located vertically upward from the target. Ordinary concrete slabs of 40- to 160-cm thicknesses and steel slabs of 20- to 80-cm thicknesses were installed by changing the material and the thickness of the shield. Activation detectors of bismuth, indium, aluminum, and graphite were variously placed in these shields and activated by high energy neutrons. From the radionuclide production rate in the activation detectors, the attenuation profiles through the various shielding materials were obtained for the reactions of 209Bi(n,xn)210-xBi(x\u2009=\u20094\u20139), 115In(n,n\u2019)115mIn, 27Al(n,\u03b1)24Na, and 12C(n,2n)11C. Estimated attenuation lengths of high energy neutrons through concrete and steel were compared with cited data and discussed. Monte Carlo simulations using FLUKA, PHITS, and GEANT4 were also performed as benchmark calculations, and they agreed with the experimental data, generally within a factor of 2." }); // ]]> </script>  </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;margin-bottom: 0;"></div> </div> <div class="bottom-left"></div><div class="bottom-right"></div> </div> </div></div> <footer id="footer" class="pagefooter clearfix">  <div class="pagefooterstripeleft"> CERN Document Server :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=ca">Cerca</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=ca">Lliura</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=ca">Personalitza</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=ca">Ajuda</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=privacy_policy&se=CDS-Service" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a> <br /> Powered by <a class="footer" href="http://invenio-software.org/">Invenio</a> <br /> Mantingut per <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Service</a> - Need help? Contact <a href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Support</a>. <br /> </div> <div class="pagefooterstriperight"> <div class="cern-logo"> <a id="logo" href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN" rel="CERN" ><img src="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/img/cern-logo-large.png" alt="CERN" /></a> </div> <div class="cern-languagebox"> Aquest lloc està també disponible en els següents idiomes:<br /><a href="/record/2891673/?ln=bg" class="langinfo">Български</a>  <span class="langinfo">Català</span>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=de" class="langinfo">Deutsch</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=el" class="langinfo">Ελληνικά</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=en" class="langinfo">English</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=es" class="langinfo">Español</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=fr" class="langinfo">Français</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=hr" class="langinfo">Hrvatski</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=it" class="langinfo">Italiano</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=ja" class="langinfo">日本語</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=ka" class="langinfo">ქართული</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=no" class="langinfo">Norsk/Bokmål</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=pl" class="langinfo">Polski</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=pt" class="langinfo">Português</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=ru" class="langinfo">Русский</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=sk" class="langinfo">Slovensky</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=sv" class="langinfo">Svenska</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=zh_CN" class="langinfo">中文(简)</a>  <a href="/record/2891673/?ln=zh_TW" class="langinfo">中文(繁)</a> </div> </div>  </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> var SyndeticsBookCovers = (function() { var SMALL_SIZE = "sc.gif", MEDIUM_SIZE = "mc.gif", RAW_URL = "https://secure.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=THEISBN/THESIZE&client=cernlibrary"; replaceCover = function(imgElement, isbns, hdFormat) { var img = new Image(), size = hdFormat ? MEDIUM_SIZE : SMALL_SIZE; var _isbns = isbns.sort(function(a, b) { // sort from shortest to longest ISBN (more modern) return a.length > b.length ? 1 : -1; }); function next() { var isbn = _isbns.pop(); if (isbn) { var url = RAW_URL.replace("THEISBN", isbn).replace("THESIZE", size); img.src = url; } } function done() { imgElement.src = img.src; } img.onload = function() { if (this.width > 1) { done(); } else { next(); } }; next(); }; return { replaceCover: replaceCover }; })(); $(document).ready(function() { // get book covers $("img.book-cover").each(function() { var $this = $(this), strIsbns = $this.data("isbns") || "", isbnsArray = String(strIsbns).split(","), hdFormat = $this.hasClass("hd"); SyndeticsBookCovers.replaceCover(this, isbnsArray, hdFormat); }); // WebNews tooltips $.ajax({ url: "/news/tooltips", success: function(data) { create_tooltips(data); }, dataType: "json", cache: false }); }); </script>  <script src="//cds.cern.ch/js/feedback.js"></script>   <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://webanalytics.web.cern.ch/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '756']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  </body> </html>