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Immigration from the United States to Canada During the Vietnam War | Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21

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Involvement in the Vietnam War divided the country, and some individuals chose to come to Canada. Men who were drafted and did not want to participate in a war they did not believe in came to Canada, with or without the support of family and friends. Others came for different reasons, but were influenced by the overall climate of the war, as well as the Civil Rights Movement." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pier21.ca/research/oral-history/immigration-from-the-united-states-of-america-during-the-vietnam-war" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" /> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://pier21.ca/research/oral-history/immigration-from-the-united-states-of-america-during-the-vietnam-war" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://quai21.ca/recherche/histoire-orale/immigration-americaine-a-canada-pendant-la-periode-de-la-guerre-du-vietnam" /> <title>Immigration from the United States to Canada During the Vietnam War | Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_MwBrNLWXChS4fpjdp1Ohk-PcRkn4EVx4TDD96b-uwX0.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=bootstrap_cmi&amp;include=eJx9jtEKwyAMAH9opZ9UEqsSaowkkdW_3x5Hlb3ewXE2zCPvCBZfKOLmCu1AUCXZcxGEspmPQjX_-MD0X_po8SJ_UIZcKVE4mrTeHjJ0daA6X3zzl824yrlYRo1wBu2Ms0uivKLV4R1NeJGDlOj-ALTHdL4" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_ismOj84B29QIG81p3Kq9pI8IGODfxmDvc3HPAxcUKAA.css?delta=1&amp;language=en&amp;theme=bootstrap_cmi&amp;include=eJx9jtEKwyAMAH9opZ9UEqsSaowkkdW_3x5Hlb3ewXE2zCPvCBZfKOLmCu1AUCXZcxGEspmPQjX_-MD0X_po8SJ_UIZcKVE4mrTeHjJ0daA6X3zzl824yrlYRo1wBu2Ms0uivKLV4R1NeJGDlOj-ALTHdL4" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.13.0/css/all.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_erGg9zRtwoRC8FfbfsveylOQF2YtjlEh-Ihc-_-2vS4.css?delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=bootstrap_cmi&amp;include=eJx9jtEKwyAMAH9opZ9UEqsSaowkkdW_3x5Hlb3ewXE2zCPvCBZfKOLmCu1AUCXZcxGEspmPQjX_-MD0X_po8SJ_UIZcKVE4mrTeHjJ0daA6X3zzl824yrlYRo1wBu2Ms0uivKLV4R1NeJGDlOj-ALTHdL4" /> <script src="/themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/js/modernizr-object_fit.js?v=3.11.7"></script> <script src="//use.typekit.net/bgw7klw.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_r58eyMcfHNibF45LVXxQ94UdWefTt0odDDS1lT690O8.js?scope=header&amp;delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=bootstrap_cmi&amp;include=eJx9jtEKwyAMAH9opZ9UEqsSaowkkdW_3x5Hlb3ewXE2zCPvCBZfKOLmCu1AUCXZcxGEspmPQjX_-MD0X_po8SJ_UIZcKVE4mrTeHjJ0daA6X3zzl824yrlYRo1wBu2Ms0uivKLV4R1NeJGDlOj-ALTHdL4"></script> <!-- Facebook Pixel Code --> <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? 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href="https://pier21.ca/learn/discoveries-everyone" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-learn-discoveries-everyone" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/33">Discoveries for Everyone</a> </li> </ul> <button type="button" class="main-nav-dropdown-close btn close" aria-label="Close"><i class="fa fa-window-close"></i></button> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown trigger dropdownd"> <a href="" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link dropdown-toggle nav-link-" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true">Research</a> <div class='parent_menu_wrapper '> <a href="" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link dropdown-toggle nav-link-">Research</a> <span class='parent_open_close' style="display:none;">+</span> </div> <div class='sub dropdown-menu checking-menu ' aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown"> <h2 class="navbarDropdown visually-hidden"></h2> <div class="full-width display-flex"> <div class="small-width first-part"> <h1><u class=" menu-left">Research</u></h1> </div> <div class="large-width second-part"> <ul class = 'dropdown-menus ttt nav flex-column two-column'> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/research/immigration-records-and-family-history-research-help" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-research-immigration-records-and-family-history-research-help" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12">Immigration Records</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/research/immigration-history" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-research-immigration-history" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/146536">Immigration History</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/research/historic-pier-21" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-research-historic-pier-21" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/15">Historic Pier 21</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/research/oral-history" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-research-oral-history" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14">Oral History</a> </li> </ul> <button type="button" class="main-nav-dropdown-close btn close" aria-label="Close"><i class="fa fa-window-close"></i></button> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown trigger dropdownd"> <a href="" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link dropdown-toggle nav-link-" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true">Collections</a> <div class='parent_menu_wrapper '> <a href="" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link dropdown-toggle nav-link-">Collections</a> <span class='parent_open_close' style="display:none;">+</span> </div> <div class='sub dropdown-menu checking-menu ' aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown"> <h2 class="navbarDropdown visually-hidden"></h2> <div class="full-width display-flex"> <div class="small-width first-part"> <h1><u class=" menu-left">Collections</u></h1> </div> <div class="large-width second-part"> <ul class = 'dropdown-menus ttt nav flex-column two-column'> <li class="dropdown-item"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://5104.sydneyplus.com/final/portal.aspx" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--5104sydneypluscom-final-portalaspx">Search the Collection</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/collections" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-collections" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/32">About the Collection</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/collections/share-your-story" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-collections-share-your-story" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1106">Share Your Story</a> </li> </ul> <button type="button" class="main-nav-dropdown-close btn close" aria-label="Close"><i class="fa fa-window-close"></i></button> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown trigger dropdownd"> <a href="" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link dropdown-toggle nav-link-" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true">Support</a> <div class='parent_menu_wrapper '> <a href="" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link dropdown-toggle nav-link-">Support</a> <span class='parent_open_close' style="display:none;">+</span> </div> <div class='sub dropdown-menu checking-menu ' aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown"> <h2 class="navbarDropdown visually-hidden"></h2> <div class="full-width display-flex"> <div class="small-width first-part"> <h1><u class=" menu-left">Support</u></h1> </div> <div class="large-width second-part"> <ul class = 'dropdown-menus ttt nav flex-column two-column'> <li class="dropdown-item"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/your-donation" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-your-donation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/28">Your Donation</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/support/ways-to-give" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-support-ways-to-give" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22">Ways to Give</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/support/donor-impact" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-support-donor-impact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/27">Donor Impact</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/support/search-virtual-walls" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-support-search-virtual-walls" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/147181">Search the Virtual Walls</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/support/sobey-wall-honour" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-support-sobey-wall-honour" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/30">Sobey Wall of Honour</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/support/wall-service" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-support-wall-service" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/29">Wall of Service</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/support/wadih-m-fares-wall-tribute" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-support-wadih-m-fares-wall-tribute" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/31">Wadih M. Fares Wall of Tribute</a> </li> </ul> <button type="button" class="main-nav-dropdown-close btn close" aria-label="Close"><i class="fa fa-window-close"></i></button> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown trigger dropdownd"> <a href="" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link dropdown-toggle nav-link-" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true">About</a> <div class='parent_menu_wrapper '> <a href="" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link dropdown-toggle nav-link-">About</a> <span class='parent_open_close' style="display:none;">+</span> </div> <div class='sub dropdown-menu checking-menu ' aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown"> <h2 class="navbarDropdown visually-hidden"></h2> <div class="full-width display-flex"> <div class="small-width first-part"> <h1><u class=" menu-left">About</u></h1> </div> <div class="large-width second-part"> <ul class = 'dropdown-menus ttt nav flex-column two-column'> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/about/about-museum" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-about-about-museum" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/477166">About the Museum</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/about/accessibility-plan-and-feedback-process" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-about-accessibility-plan-and-feedback-process" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/480791">Accessibility Plan &amp; Feedback Process</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item menu-item--collapsed"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/about/corporate-reports" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-about-corporate-reports" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17">Governance &amp; Corporate Reports</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/about/media-centre" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-about-media-centre" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Media Centre</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/about/do-business-with-us" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-about-do-business-with-us" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/21">Do Business With Us</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/about/employment-opportunities" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-about-employment-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/478591">Employment Opportunities</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/about/welcome-home-to-canada" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-about-welcome-home-to-canada" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19">Welcome Home to Canada</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/about/volunteer" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-about-volunteer" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/26">Volunteer</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/about/staff-directory" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link-https--pier21ca-about-staff-directory" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/25">Staff Directory</a> </li> </ul> <button type="button" class="main-nav-dropdown-close btn close" aria-label="Close"><i class="fa fa-window-close"></i></button> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="d-none global-links nav-item"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://pier21.ca/facility-rentals" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link nav-link-https--pier21ca-facility-rentals" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/37">Facility Rentals</a> </li> <li class="d-none global-links nav-item"> <span class="menu-arrow d-lg-none d-xl-none"></span> <a href="https://shop.pier21.ca" class="sidebar_additional_class nav-link nav-link-https--shoppier21ca">Boutique</a> </li> </ul> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/templates/navigation/menu--main.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/templates/block/block--system-menu-block.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/layout/region--nowrap.html.twig' --> <div class="form-inline navbar-form justify-content-center"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'region' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * region--header-form.html.twig x region.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/layout/region.html.twig' --> <section class="row-form region region-header-form"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x block--exposedformacquia-searchpage-2.html.twig * block--views-exposed-filter-block--acquia-search-page.html.twig * block--views-exposed-filter-block.html.twig * block--views.html.twig * block.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/templates/block/block--exposedformacquia-searchpage-2.html.twig' --> <div class="views-exposed-form block block-views block-views-exposed-filter-blockacquia-search-page search-block-container" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-acquia-search-page" id="block-exposedformacquia-searchpage-2"> <div class="search-container"> <button class="btn btn-primary dropdown-toggle" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><i class="fas fa-search"></i><span class="sr-only">Search</span></button> <div class="search-dropdown-menu dropdown-menu"> <div class="content"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'form' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/form/form.html.twig' --> <form action="https://pier21.ca/search" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-acquia-search-page" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'views_exposed_form' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/views/views-exposed-form.html.twig' --> <div class="d-flex flex-wrap"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'form_element' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/form/form-element.html.twig' --> <div class="js-form-item js-form-type-textfield form-type-textfield js-form-item-search form-item-search mb-3"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'form_element_label' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/form/form-element-label.html.twig' --> <label for="edit-search" class="visually-hidden">Search</label> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/form/form-element-label.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'input__textfield' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * input--textfield.html.twig x input.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/form/input.html.twig' --> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-search" type="text" id="edit-search" name="search" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-control" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/form/input.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/form/form-element.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/form/container.html.twig' --> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper mb-3" id="edit-actions"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'input__submit' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * input--submit.html.twig x input--submit-button.html.twig * input.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/form/input--submit-button.html.twig' --> <button data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-acquia-search" type="submit" id="edit-submit-acquia-search" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn btn-primary">Search</button> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/form/input--submit-button.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/form/container.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/views/views-exposed-form.html.twig' --> </form> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/form/form.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/templates/block/block--exposedformacquia-searchpage-2.html.twig' --> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/layout/region.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <div class="d-md-block d-lg-none" > <nav class="navbar navbar-dark bg-white" id="navbar-top" data-toggle=""> <section class="row no-gutters region region-top-header"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home" class="navbar-brand"> <img src="/themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/logo.svg" alt="Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21" width="200" height="100" class="img-fluid d-inlinev-block align-top d-none d-lg-block d-xl-block"> <span class="ml-2 d-none d-md-inline visually-hidden focusable">Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21</span> </a> <div class="ml-2 d-none d-inline-block align-top site-name-slogan visually-hidden"> Countless Journeys. One Canada. </div> </section> <div class="form-inline navbar-form ml-auto d-md-block d-lg-none"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'region' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * region--top-header-form.html.twig x region.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/layout/region.html.twig' --> <section class="row region region-top-header-form"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * block--globalpagetoplinks.html.twig * block--system-menu-block--global-page-top-links.html.twig x block--system-menu-block.html.twig * block--system.html.twig * block.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/templates/block/block--system-menu-block.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'menu__global_page_top_links' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * menu--global-page-top-links.html.twig * menu--global-page-top-links.html.twig x menu.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/menu.html.twig' --> <ul class="clearfix global-page-top-links nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://pier21.ca/facility-rentals" class="nav-link nav-link-https--pier21ca-facility-rentals" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/37">Facility Rentals</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://shop.pier21.ca" class="nav-link nav-link-https--shoppier21ca">Boutique</a> </li> </ul> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/menu.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/templates/block/block--system-menu-block.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * block--languageswitcher.html.twig * block--language-block--language-interface.html.twig x block--language-block.html.twig * block--language.html.twig * block.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/templates/block/block--language-block.html.twig' --> <div class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-interface" role="navigation"> <div class="content"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__language_block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--language-block.html.twig x links--language-block.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--language-block.html.twig' --> <nav class="links nav links-inline"><span hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/916" class="_ nav-link"><a href="https://quai21.ca/recherche/histoire-orale/immigration-americaine-a-canada-pendant-la-periode-de-la-guerre-du-vietnam" class="language-link btn btn-outline-primary" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/916">FR</a></span></nav> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--language-block.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/templates/block/block--language-block.html.twig' --> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/layout/region.html.twig' --> </div> </nav> </div> </nav> </header> <div class="highlighted"> <aside class="container-fluid section clearfix" role="complementary"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'region' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * region--highlighted.html.twig x region.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/layout/region.html.twig' --> <section class="region region-highlighted"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * block--bootstrap-cmi-messages.html.twig x block--system-messages-block.html.twig * block--system.html.twig * block.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/block--system-messages-block.html.twig' --> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/block--system-messages-block.html.twig' --> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/layout/region.html.twig' --> </aside> </div> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'region' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * region--breadcrumb.html.twig x region.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/layout/region.html.twig' --> <section class="pl-5 pr-5 region region-breadcrumb"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * block--bootstrap-cmi-breadcrumbs.html.twig * block--system-breadcrumb-block.html.twig * block--system.html.twig x block.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> <div id="block-bootstrap-cmi-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <div class="content"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'breadcrumb' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/breadcrumb.html.twig' --> <nav role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumb" style=""> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="https://pier21.ca/">Home</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="https://pier21.ca/research">Research</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="https://pier21.ca/research/oral-history">Oral History</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="https://pier21.ca/research/oral-history/immigration-from-the-united-states-of-america-during-the-vietnam-war">Immigration from the United States to Canada During the Vietnam War</a> </li> </ol> </nav> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/breadcrumb.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/layout/region.html.twig' --> <div id="main-wrapper" class="layout-main-wrapper clearfix"> <div id="main" > <div class="row row-offcanvas row-offcanvas-left no-gutters content-width clearfix"> <main class="main-content col" id="content" role="main"> <section class="section"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'region' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * region--content.html.twig x region.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/layout/region.html.twig' --> <section class="region region-content"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * block--bootstrap-cmi-page-title.html.twig * block--page-title-block.html.twig * block--core.html.twig x block.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> <div id="block-bootstrap-cmi-page-title" class="block block-core block-page-title-block"> <div class="content"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'page_title' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/content/page-title.html.twig' --> <h1 class="title"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--oral-histroy.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--oral-histroy.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Immigration from the United States to Canada During the Vietnam War</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </h1> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/content/page-title.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * block--bootstrap-cmi-content.html.twig * block--system-main-block.html.twig * block--system.html.twig x block.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> <div id="block-bootstrap-cmi-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="content"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--916--full.html.twig * node--916.html.twig * node--oral-histroy--full.html.twig x node--oral-histroy.html.twig * node--full.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/templates/content/node--oral-histroy.html.twig' --> <article about="https://pier21.ca/research/oral-history/immigration-from-the-united-states-of-america-during-the-vietnam-war" class="node node--type-oral-histroy node--view-mode-full clearfix"> <div class="node__content clearfix"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--oral-histroy.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--oral-histroy.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Introduction</h2> <p><span>In the 1960s and 1970s,</span> the United States witnessed profound social and political change. Involvement in the Vietnam War divided the country, and some individuals chose to come to Canada. Men who were drafted and did not want to participate in a war they did not believe in came to Canada, with or without the support of family and friends. Others came for different reasons, but were influenced by the overall climate of the war, as well as the Civil Rights Movement.</p> <p>In this online gallery, you will meet ten people who came to Canada from the United States. They will talk about life in the United States during this time, and the decision to leave their country – and start new lives in Canada. In addition to listening or watching an excerpt from an oral history interview, for some of the people you can look at accompanying photographs and documents.</p> <p>Learning about how individuals and families experience citizenship, war, and human rights, helps us personalize and understand these larger movements of history.</p> <p><em>These audio clips are available in English. Transcripts for each clip are available in French and have been translated from English.</em></p> <h2><a>Life in the United States: Civil Rights, The Vietnam War, The Draft</a></h2> <div class="card-deck mb-4"> <div class="card"><img alt class="card-img-top" src="/sites/default/files/oh/web_peter.jpg"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Peter Seixas</h5> <p class="card-text"><a href="/research/oral-history/life-in-the-united-states-civil-rights-the-vietnam-war-and-the-draft/peter-seixas">Changing Awareness</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="card"><img alt class="card-img-top" src="/sites/default/files/oh/web_frank.jpg"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Frank Scarfino</h5> <p class="card-text"><a href="/research/oral-history/life-in-the-united-states-civil-rights-the-vietnam-war-and-the-draft/frank-scarfino">Political Involvement and Divisiveness</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="card"><img alt class="card-img-top" src="/sites/default/files/oh/web_diane.jpg"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Diane Kristensen</h5> <p class="card-text"><a href="/research/oral-history/life-in-the-united-states-civil-rights-the-vietnam-war-and-the-draft/diane-kristensen">Civil Rights Demonstrations</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="card"><img alt class="card-img-top" src="/sites/default/files/oh/web_tom.jpg"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Tom Corcoran</h5> <p class="card-text"><a href="/research/oral-history/life-in-the-united-states-civil-rights-the-vietnam-war-and-the-draft/tom-corcoran">Vietnam Draft</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="card"><img alt class="card-img-top" src="/sites/default/files/oh/web_len.jpg"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Len Sirois</h5> <p class="card-text"><a href="/research/oral-history/life-in-the-united-states-civil-rights-the-vietnam-war-and-the-draft/len-sirois">Vietnam War</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <h2><a>Leaving the United States</a></h2> <div class="card-deck mb-4"> <div class="card"><img alt class="card-img-top" src="/sites/default/files/oh/speaker_icon.jpg"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Richard Allon</h5> <p class="card-text"><a href="/research/oral-history/leaving-the-united-states-of-america/richard-allon">Decision to Come to Canada</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="card"><img alt class="card-img-top" src="/sites/default/files/oh/web_frank.jpg"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Frank Scarfino</h5> <p class="card-text"><a href="/research/oral-history/leaving-the-united-states-of-america/frank-scarfino">Difficulties Leaving Home</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="card"><img alt class="card-img-top" src="/sites/default/files/oh/web_bruce.jpg"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Bruce Bolin</h5> <p class="card-text"><a href="/research/oral-history/leaving-the-united-states-of-america/bruce-bolin">Family Reaction to Leaving</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="card"><img alt class="card-img-top" src="/sites/default/files/oh/web_robert.jpg"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Robert Porter</h5> <p class="card-text"><a href="/research/oral-history/leaving-the-united-states-of-america/robert-porter">Guilt About Leaving</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="card"><img alt class="card-img-top" src="/sites/default/files/oh/web_cathy.jpg"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Cathy Wirick</h5> <p class="card-text"><a href="/research/oral-history/leaving-the-united-states-of-america/cathy-wirick">Life for Family Left Behind</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <h2><a>Life in Canada</a></h2> <div class="card-deck mb-2"> <div class="card"><img alt class="card-img-top" src="/sites/default/files/oh/web_bruce.jpg"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Bruce Bolin</h5> <p class="card-text"><a href="/research/oral-history/life-in-canada/bruce-bolin">Americans as Non-Immigrants</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="card"><img alt class="card-img-top" src="/sites/default/files/oh/web_tom.jpg"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Tom Corcoran</h5> <p class="card-text"><a href="/research/oral-history/life-in-canada/tom-corcoran">Immigrant vs Belonging</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="card"><img alt class="card-img-top" src="/sites/default/files/oh/web_peter.jpg"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Peter Seixas</h5> <p class="card-text"><a href="/research/oral-history/life-in-canada/peter-seixas">Back to the Land</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="card"><img alt class="card-img-top" src="/sites/default/files/oh/speaker_icon.jpg"> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title">Christopher Rigg</h5> <p class="card-text"><a href="/research/oral-history/life-in-canada/christopher-rigg">Reactions to a War Resister</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <hr> <h2><a name="meetpeople">Meet the People</a></h2> <div class="card-deck mb-2"> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2301">Bruce Bolin</a></p> <p class="card-text"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2306">Cathy Wirick</a></p> <p class="card-text"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2316">Christopher Rigg</a></p> <p class="card-text"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2321">Diane Kristensen</a></p> </div> <div class="card-deck"> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2326">Frank Scarfino Jr.</a></p> <p class="card-text"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2331">Len Sirois</a></p> <p class="card-text"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2336">Peter Seixas</a></p> <p class="card-text"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2341">Richard Allon</a></p> </div> <div class="card-deck"> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2346">Robert Porter</a></p> <p class="card-text"><a href="/taxonomy/term/2351">Tom Corcoran</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p><img alt="Western University logo" src="/sites/default/files/history/western-u2.jpg" style="max-height: 150px;"></p> <p>Five of the oral histories featured here were conducted by the Western University's MA Public History Program students. Included in this partnership are <a href="/research/immigration-history/to-canada-and-back-again-immigration-from-the-united-states-on-the-underground-railroad-1840">Underground Railroad</a>, the <a href="/research/immigration-history/the-gold-rush-in-british-columbia-and-the-yukon">Gold Rush</a>, and the <a href="/research/immigration-history/the-forgotten-immigrants-the-journey-of-the-new-england-planters-to-nova-scotia-1759-1768">New England Planters</a>.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> </article> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/templates/content/node--oral-histroy.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/layout/region.html.twig' --> </section> </main> </div> </div> </div> <div class="featured-bottom"> <aside 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field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><img alt="Symbol of the Canadian Government" class="footer-logo" src="/themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/images/goc-wordmark-wh.svg"> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> </section> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/layout/region.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="site-footer__bottom"> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/bootstrap_cmi/templates/layout/page.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/off-canvas-page-wrapper.html.twig' --> <script 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