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model</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: metric model"> <meta name="keywords" content="metric model"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="metric model"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 17016</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: metric model</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17016</span> A Basic Metric Model: Foundation for an Evidence-Based HRM System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Anusha">K. M. Anusha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Krishnaveni"> R. Krishnaveni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crossing a decade of the 21st century, the paradigm of human resources can be seen evolving with the strategic gene induced into it. There seems to be a radical shift descending as the corporate sector calls on its HR team to become strategic rather than administrative. This transferal eventually requires the metrics employed by these HR teams not to be just operationally reactive but to be aligned to an evidence-based strategic thinking. Realizing the growing need for a prescriptive metric model for effective HR analytics, this study has designed a conceptual framework for a basic metric model that can assist IT-HRM professionals to transition to a practice of evidence-based decision-making to enhance organizational performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metric%20model" title="metric model">metric model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evidence%20based%20HR" title=" evidence based HR"> evidence based HR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HR%20analytics" title=" HR analytics"> HR analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20HR%20practices" title=" strategic HR practices"> strategic HR practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT%20sector" title=" IT sector"> IT sector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10122/a-basic-metric-model-foundation-for-an-evidence-based-hrm-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17015</span> Nadler's Fixed Point Theorem on Partial Metric Spaces and its Application to a Homotopy Result</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hemant%20Kumar%20Pathak">Hemant Kumar Pathak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1994, Matthews (S.G. Matthews, Partial metric topology, in: Proc. 8th Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications, in: Ann. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 728, 1994, pp. 183-197) introduced the concept of a partial metric as a part of the study of denotational semantics of data flow networks. He gave a modified version of the Banach contraction principle, more suitable in this context. In fact, (complete) partial metric spaces constitute a suitable framework to model several distinguished examples of the theory of computation and also to model metric spaces via domain theory. In this paper, we introduce the concept of almost partial Hausdorff metric. We prove a fixed point theorem for multi-valued mappings on partial metric space using the concept of almost partial Hausdorff metric and prove an analogous to the well-known Nadler’s fixed point theorem. In the sequel, we derive a homotopy result as an application of our main result. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20point" title="fixed point">fixed point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20metric%20space" title=" partial metric space"> partial metric space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homotopy" title=" homotopy"> homotopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20sciences" title=" physical sciences"> physical sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5182/nadlers-fixed-point-theorem-on-partial-metric-spaces-and-its-application-to-a-homotopy-result" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17014</span> Adapted Intersection over Union: A Generalized Metric for Evaluating Unsupervised Classification Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prajwal%20Prakash%20Vasisht">Prajwal Prakash Vasisht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharath%20Rajamurthy"> Sharath Rajamurthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nishanth%20Dara"> Nishanth Dara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a supervised machine learning approach, metrics such as precision, accuracy, and coverage can be calculated using ground truth labels to help in model tuning, evaluation, and selection. In an unsupervised setting, however, where the data has no ground truth, there are few interpretable metrics that can guide us to do the same. Our approach creates a framework to adapt the Intersection over Union metric, referred to as Adapted IoU, usually used to evaluate supervised learning models, into the unsupervised domain, which solves the problem by factoring in subject matter expertise and intuition about the ideal output from the model. This metric essentially provides a scale that allows us to compare the performance across numerous unsupervised models or tune hyper-parameters and compare different versions of the same model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20metric" title="general metric">general metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsupervised%20learning" title=" unsupervised learning"> unsupervised learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection%20over%20union" title=" intersection over union"> intersection over union</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185432/adapted-intersection-over-union-a-generalized-metric-for-evaluating-unsupervised-classification-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17013</span> A Combinatorial Representation for the Invariant Measure of Diffusion Processes on Metric Graphs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michele%20Aleandri">Michele Aleandri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matteo%20Colangeli"> Matteo Colangeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davide%20%20Gabrielli"> Davide Gabrielli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study a generalization to a continuous setting of the classical Markov chain tree theorem. In particular, we consider an irreducible diffusion process on a metric graph. The unique invariant measure has an atomic component on the vertices and an absolutely continuous part on the edges. We show that the corresponding density at x can be represented by a normalized superposition of the weights associated to metric arborescences oriented toward the point x. A metric arborescence is a metric tree oriented towards its root. The weight of each oriented metric arborescence is obtained by the product of the exponential of integrals of the form ∫a/b², where b is the drift and σ² is the diffusion coefficient, along the oriented edges, for a weight for each node determined by the local orientation of the arborescence around the node and for the inverse of the diffusion coefficient at x. The metric arborescences are obtained by cutting the original metric graph along some edges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion%20processes" title="diffusion processes">diffusion processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metric%20graphs" title=" metric graphs"> metric graphs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invariant%20measure" title=" invariant measure"> invariant measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversibility" title=" reversibility"> reversibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137576/a-combinatorial-representation-for-the-invariant-measure-of-diffusion-processes-on-metric-graphs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17012</span> A New Verification Based Congestion Control Scheme in Mobile Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20K.%20Guha%20Thakurta">P. K. Guha Thakurta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shouvik%20Roy"> Shouvik Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhawana%20Raj"> Bhawana Raj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A congestion control scheme in mobile networks is proposed in this paper through a verification based model. The model proposed in this work is represented through performance metric like buffer Occupancy, latency and packet loss rate. Based on pre-defined values, each of the metric is introduced in terms of three different states. A Markov chain based model for the proposed work is introduced to monitor the occurrence of the corresponding state transitions. Thus, the estimation of the network status is obtained in terms of performance metric. In addition, the improved performance of our proposed model over existing works is shown with experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title="congestion">congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20networks" title=" mobile networks"> mobile networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer" title=" buffer"> buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delay" title=" delay"> delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=call%20drop" title=" call drop"> call drop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=markov%20chain" title=" markov chain"> markov chain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19020/a-new-verification-based-congestion-control-scheme-in-mobile-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17011</span> Metric Suite for Schema Evolution of a Relational Database</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ravichandra">S. Ravichandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20V.%20L.%20N.%20Somayajulu"> D. V. L. N. Somayajulu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Requirement of stakeholders for adding more details to the database is the main cause of the schema evolution in the relational database. Further, this schema evolution causes the instability to the database. Hence, it is aimed to define a metric suite for schema evolution of a relational database. The metric suite will calculate the metrics based on the features of the database, analyse the queries on the database and measures the coupling, cohesion and component dependencies of the schema for existing and evolved versions of the database. This metric suite will also provide an indicator for the problems related to the stability and usability of the evolved database. The degree of change in the schema of a database is presented in the forms of graphs that acts as an indicator and also provides the relations between various parameters (metrics) related to the database architecture. The acquired information is used to defend and improve the stability of database architecture. The challenges arise in incorporating these metrics with varying parameters for formulating a suitable metric suite are discussed. To validate the proposed metric suite, an experimentation has been performed on publicly available datasets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion" title="cohesion">cohesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupling" title=" coupling"> coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metric%20suite" title=" metric suite"> metric suite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schema%20evolution" title=" schema evolution"> schema evolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54754/metric-suite-for-schema-evolution-of-a-relational-database" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17010</span> Cognitive Weighted Polymorphism Factor: A New Cognitive Complexity Metric</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Francis%20Thamburaj">T. Francis Thamburaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aloysius"> A. Aloysius</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymorphism is one of the main pillars of the object-oriented paradigm. It induces hidden forms of class dependencies which may impact software quality, resulting in higher cost factor for comprehending, debugging, testing, and maintaining the software. In this paper, a new cognitive complexity metric called Cognitive Weighted Polymorphism Factor (CWPF) is proposed. Apart from the software structural complexity, it includes the cognitive complexity on the basis of type. The cognitive weights are calibrated based on 27 empirical studies with 120 persons. A case study and experimentation of the new software metric shows positive results. Further, a comparative study is made and the correlation test has proved that CWPF complexity metric is a better, more comprehensive, and more realistic indicator of the software complexity than Abreu’s Polymorphism Factor (PF) complexity metric. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20complexity%20metric" title="cognitive complexity metric">cognitive complexity metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object-oriented%20metrics" title=" object-oriented metrics"> object-oriented metrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymorphism%20factor" title=" polymorphism factor"> polymorphism factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20metrics" title=" software metrics"> software metrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36961/cognitive-weighted-polymorphism-factor-a-new-cognitive-complexity-metric" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17009</span> Some Classes of Lorentzian Alpha-Sasakian Manifolds with Respect to Quarter-Symmetric Metric Connection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santu%20Dey">Santu Dey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arindam%20Bhattacharyya"> Arindam Bhattacharyya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The object of the present paper is to study a quarter-symmetric metric connection in a Lorentzian α-Sasakian manifold. We study some curvature properties of Lorentzian α-Sasakian manifold with respect to quarter-symmetric metric connection. We investigate quasi-projectively at, Φ-symmetric, Φ-projectively at Lorentzian α-Sasakian manifolds with respect to quarter-symmetric metric connection. We also discuss Lorentzian α-Sasakian manifold admitting quartersymmetric metric connection satisfying P.S = 0, where P denote the projective curvature tensor with respect to quarter-symmetric metric connection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quarter-symmetric%20metric%20connection" title="quarter-symmetric metric connection">quarter-symmetric metric connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorentzian%20alpha-Sasakian%20manifold" title=" Lorentzian alpha-Sasakian manifold"> Lorentzian alpha-Sasakian manifold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-projectively%20flat%20Lorentzian%20alpha-Sasakian%20manifold" title=" quasi-projectively flat Lorentzian alpha-Sasakian manifold"> quasi-projectively flat Lorentzian alpha-Sasakian manifold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phi-symmetric%20manifold" title=" phi-symmetric manifold"> phi-symmetric manifold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66809/some-classes-of-lorentzian-alpha-sasakian-manifolds-with-respect-to-quarter-symmetric-metric-connection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17008</span> Metric Dimension on Line Graph of Honeycomb Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hussain">M. Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqsa%20Farooq"> Aqsa Farooq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let G = (V,E) be a connected graph and distance between any two vertices a and b in G is a−b geodesic and is denoted by d(a, b). A set of vertices W resolves a graph G if each vertex is uniquely determined by its vector of distances to the vertices in W. A metric dimension of G is the minimum cardinality of a resolving set of G. In this paper line graph of honeycomb network has been derived and then we calculated the metric dimension on line graph of honeycomb network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Resolving%20set" title="Resolving set">Resolving set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metric%20dimension" title=" Metric dimension"> Metric dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Honeycomb%20network" title=" Honeycomb network"> Honeycomb network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Line%20graph" title=" Line graph"> Line graph</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101558/metric-dimension-on-line-graph-of-honeycomb-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17007</span> Maintenance Alternatives Related to Costs of Wind Turbines Using Finite State Markov Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boukelkoul%20Lahcen">Boukelkoul Lahcen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cumulative costs for O&M may represent as much as 65%-90% of the turbine's investment cost. Nowadays the cost effectiveness concept becomes a decision-making and technology evaluation metric. The cost of energy metric accounts for the effect replacement cost and unscheduled maintenance cost parameters. One key of the proposed approach is the idea of maintaining the WTs which can be captured via use of a finite state Markov chain. Such a model can be embedded within a probabilistic operation and maintenance simulation reflecting the action to be done. In this paper, an approach of estimating the cost of O&M is presented. The finite state Markov model is used for decision problems with number of determined periods (life cycle) to predict the cost according to various options of maintenance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost" title="cost">cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20state" title=" finite state"> finite state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markov%20model" title=" Markov model"> Markov model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20and%20maintenance" title=" operation and maintenance"> operation and maintenance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35860/maintenance-alternatives-related-to-costs-of-wind-turbines-using-finite-state-markov-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17006</span> Adaptive Few-Shot Deep Metric Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wentian%20Shi">Wentian Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daming%20Shi"> Daming Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maysam%20Orouskhani"> Maysam Orouskhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Tian"> Feng Tian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Whereas currently the most prevalent deep learning methods require a large amount of data for training, few-shot learning tries to learn a model from limited data without extensive retraining. In this paper, we present a loss function based on triplet loss for solving few-shot problem using metric based learning. Instead of setting the margin distance in triplet loss as a constant number empirically, we propose an adaptive margin distance strategy to obtain the appropriate margin distance automatically. We implement the strategy in the deep siamese network for deep metric embedding, by utilizing an optimization approach by penalizing the worst case and rewarding the best. Our experiments on image recognition and co-segmentation model demonstrate that using our proposed triplet loss with adaptive margin distance can significantly improve the performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=few-shot%20learning" title="few-shot learning">few-shot learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triplet%20network" title=" triplet network"> triplet network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20margin" title=" adaptive margin"> adaptive margin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132975/adaptive-few-shot-deep-metric-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17005</span> Towards a Goal-Question-Metric Based Approach to Assess Social Sustainability of Software Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahma%20Amri">Rahma Amri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narj%C3%A8s%20Bellamine%20Ben%20Saoud"> Narjès Bellamine Ben Saoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainable development or sustainability is one of the most urgent issues in actual debate in almost domains. Particularly the significant way the software pervades our live should make it in the center of sustainability concerns. The social aspects of sustainability haven’t been well studied in the context of software systems and still immature research field that needs more interest among researchers’ community. This paper presents a Goal-Question-Metric based approach to assess social sustainability of software systems. The approach is based on a generic social sustainability model taken from Social sciences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20assessment%20approach" title="software assessment approach">software assessment approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability" title=" social sustainability"> social sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goal-question-metric%20paradigm" title=" goal-question-metric paradigm"> goal-question-metric paradigm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20project%20metrics" title=" software project metrics"> software project metrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47242/towards-a-goal-question-metric-based-approach-to-assess-social-sustainability-of-software-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17004</span> An Inventory Management Model to Manage the Stock Level for Irregular Demand Items</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riccardo%20Patriarca">Riccardo Patriarca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giulio%20Di%20Gravio"> Giulio Di Gravio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Costantino"> Francesco Costantino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Massimo%20Tronci"> Massimo Tronci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An accurate inventory management policy acquires a crucial role in the several high-availability sectors. In these sectors, due to the high-cost of spares and backorders, an (S-1, S) replenishment policy is necessary for high-availability items. The policy enables the shipment of a substitute efficient item anytime the inventory size decreases by one. This policy can be modelled following the Multi-Echelon Technique for Recoverable Item Control (METRIC). The METRIC is a system-based technique that allows defining the optimum stock level in a multi-echelon network, adopting measures in line with the decision-maker’s perspective. The METRIC defines an availability-cost function with inventory costs and required service levels, using as inputs data about the demand trend, the supplying and maintenance characteristics of the network and the budget/availability constraints. The traditional METRIC relies on the hypothesis that a Poisson distribution well represents the demand distribution in case of items with a low failure rate. However, in this research, we will explore the effects of using a Poisson distribution to model the demand of low failure rate items characterized by an irregular demand trend. This characteristic of a demand is not included in the traditional METRIC formulation leading to the need of revising its traditional formulation. Using the CV (Coefficient of Variation) and ADI (Average inter-Demand Interval) classification, we will define the inherent flaws of Poisson-based METRIC for irregular demand items, defining an innovative ad hoc distribution which can better fit the irregular demands. This distribution will allow defining proper stock levels to reduce stocking and backorder costs due to the high irregularities in the demand trend. A case study in the aviation domain will clarify the benefits of this innovative METRIC approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=METRIC" title="METRIC">METRIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20management" title=" inventory management"> inventory management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20demand" title=" irregular demand"> irregular demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spare%20parts" title=" spare parts"> spare parts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73000/an-inventory-management-model-to-manage-the-stock-level-for-irregular-demand-items" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17003</span> On the Influence of the Metric Space in the Critical Behavior of Magnetic Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20C.%20Ria%C3%B1o-Rojas">J. C. Riaño-Rojas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20D.%20Alzate-Cardona"> J. D. Alzate-Cardona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Restrepo-Parra"> E. Restrepo-Parra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, a study of generic magnetic nanoparticles varying the metric space is presented. As the metric space is changed, the nanoparticle form and the inner product are also varied, since the energetic scale is not conserved. This study is carried out using Monte Carlo simulations combined with the Wolff embedding and Metropolis algorithms. The Metropolis algorithm is used at high temperature regions to reach the equilibrium quickly. The Wolff embedding algorithm is used at low and critical temperature regions in order to reduce the critical slowing down phenomenon. The ions number is kept constant for the different forms and the critical temperatures using finite size scaling are found. We observed that critical temperatures don't exhibit significant changes when the metric space was varied. Additionally, the effective dimension according the metric space was determined. A study of static behavior for reaching the static critical exponents was developed. The objective of this work is to observe the behavior of the thermodynamic quantities as energy, magnetization, specific heat, susceptibility and Binder's cumulants at the critical region, in order to demonstrate if the magnetic nanoparticles describe their magnetic interactions in the Euclidean space or if there is any correspondence in other metric spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title="nanoparticles">nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metric" title=" metric"> metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo" title=" Monte Carlo"> Monte Carlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20behaviour" title=" critical behaviour"> critical behaviour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29244/on-the-influence-of-the-metric-space-in-the-critical-behavior-of-magnetic-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17002</span> The Role of Tempo in the Perception of Musical Grouping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20B.%20Cottrell">Marina B. Cottrell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tempo plays a significant role in the perception of metrical groupings, with faster tempi tending to increase the number of beats in a given metrical unit. Previous research has shown a correlation between the perception of metric grouping and native language, but little is currently known about other possible musical factors that contribute to metric grouping tendencies. This study aims to find the tempo boundaries at which the perceptual groupings of a melodic pattern changes and to correlate these regions with self-reported musical experience. Participants were presented with looping melodies (divided between major and minor keys). Using a slider bar that controlled the tempo, subjects were asked to locate the point at which they heard the metric grouping doubled or halved. This region was shown to primarily be affected by the mode and time signature of the stimulus. The results also suggest a correlation between the level of musical training and the region of perceived grouping change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meter" title="meter">meter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metric%20grouping" title=" metric grouping"> metric grouping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode" title=" mode"> mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tempo" title=" tempo"> tempo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103293/the-role-of-tempo-in-the-perception-of-musical-grouping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17001</span> A New Fixed Point Theorem for Almost θ-Contraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hichem%20Ramoul">Hichem Ramoul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we introduce a new type of contractive maps and we establish a new fixed point theorem for the class of almost θ-contractions (more general than the class of almost contractions) in a complete generalized metric space. The major novelty of our work is to prove a new fixed point result by weakening some hypotheses imposed on the function θ which will change completely the classical technique used in the literature review to prove fixed point theorems for almost θ-contractions in a complete generalized metric space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=almost%20contraction" title="almost contraction">almost contraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=almost%20%CE%B8-contraction" title=" almost θ-contraction"> almost θ-contraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20point" title=" fixed point"> fixed point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20metric%20space" title=" generalized metric space"> generalized metric space</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42427/a-new-fixed-point-theorem-for-almost-th-contraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17000</span> Integer Programming Model for the Network Design Problem with Facility Dependent Shortest Path Routing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taehan%20Lee">Taehan Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We consider a network design problem which has shortest routing restriction based on the values determined by the installed facilities on each arc. In conventional multicommodity network design problem, a commodity can be routed through any possible path when the capacity is available. But, we consider a problem in which the commodity between two nodes must be routed on a path which has shortest metric value and the link metric value is determined by the installed facilities on the link. By this routing restriction, the problem has a distinct characteristic. We present an integer programming formulation containing the primal-dual optimality conditions to the shortest path routing. We give some computational results for the model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integer%20programming" title="integer programming">integer programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicommodity%20network%20design" title=" multicommodity network design"> multicommodity network design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routing" title=" routing"> routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shortest%20path" title=" shortest path"> shortest path</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51447/integer-programming-model-for-the-network-design-problem-with-facility-dependent-shortest-path-routing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16999</span> A Multimodal Approach to Improve the Performance of Biometric System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chander%20Kant">Chander Kant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Kumar"> Arun Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biometric systems automatically recognize an individual based on his/her physiological and behavioral characteristics. There are also some traits like weight, age, height etc. that may not provide reliable user recognition because of there common and temporary nature. These traits are called soft bio metric traits. Although soft bio metric traits are lack of permanence to uniquely and reliably identify an individual, yet they provide some beneficial evidence about the user identity and may improve the system performance. Here in this paper, we have proposed an approach for integrating the soft bio metrics with fingerprint and face to improve the performance of personal authentication system. In our approach we have proposed a combined architecture of three different sensors to elevate the system performance. The approach includes, soft bio metrics, fingerprint and face traits. We have also proven the efficiency of proposed system regarding FAR (False Acceptance Ratio) and total response time, with the help of MUBI (Multimodal Bio metrics Integration) software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FAR" title="FAR">FAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minutiae%20point" title=" minutiae point"> minutiae point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20bio%20metrics" title=" multimodal bio metrics"> multimodal bio metrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20bio%20metric" title=" primary bio metric"> primary bio metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20bio%20metric" title=" soft bio metric"> soft bio metric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12625/a-multimodal-approach-to-improve-the-performance-of-biometric-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16998</span> Recognizing Customer Preferences Using Review Documents: A Hybrid Text and Data Mining Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oshin%20Anand">Oshin Anand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atanu%20Rakshit"> Atanu Rakshit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The vast increment in the e-commerce ventures makes this area a prominent research stream. Besides several quantified parameters, the textual content of reviews is a storehouse of many information that can educate companies and help them earn profit. This study is an attempt in this direction. The article attempts to categorize data based on a computed metric that quantifies the influencing capacity of reviews rendering two categories of high and low influential reviews. Further, each of these document is studied to conclude several product feature categories. Each of these categories along with the computed metric is converted to linguistic identifiers and are used in an association mining model. The article makes a novel attempt to combine feature attraction with quantified metric to categorize review text and finally provide frequent patterns that depict customer preferences. Frequent mentions in a highly influential score depict customer likes or preferred features in the product whereas prominent pattern in low influencing reviews highlights what is not important for customers. This is achieved using a hybrid approach of text mining for feature and term extraction, sentiment analysis, multicriteria decision-making technique and association mining model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=association%20mining" title="association mining">association mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20preference" title=" customer preference"> customer preference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequent%20pattern" title=" frequent pattern"> frequent pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20reviews" title=" online reviews"> online reviews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20mining" title=" text mining"> text mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68059/recognizing-customer-preferences-using-review-documents-a-hybrid-text-and-data-mining-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16997</span> Factorial Design Analysis for Quality of Video on MANET</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoup-Sang%20Yoon">Hyoup-Sang Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quality of video transmitted by mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) can be influenced by several factors, including protocol layers; parameter settings of each protocol. In this paper, we are concerned with understanding the functional relationship between these influential factors and objective video quality in MANETs. We illustrate a systematic statistical design of experiments (DOE) strategy can be used to analyse MANET parameters and performance. Using a 2k factorial design, we quantify the main and interactive effects of 7 factors on a response metric (i.e., mean opinion score (MOS) calculated by PSNR with Evalvid package) we then develop a first-order linear regression model between the influential factors and the performance metric. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evalvid" title="evalvid">evalvid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=full%20factorial%20design" title=" full factorial design"> full factorial design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20ad%20hoc%20networks" title=" mobile ad hoc networks"> mobile ad hoc networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ns-2" title=" ns-2"> ns-2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6956/factorial-design-analysis-for-quality-of-video-on-manet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16996</span> Experimental Options for the Role of Dynamic Torsion in General Relativity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Ravlich">Ivan Ravlich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Linscott"> Ivan Linscott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sigrid%20Close"> Sigrid Close</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experimental search for spin coupling in General Relativity via torsion has been inconclusive. In this work, further experimental avenues to test dynamic torsion are proposed and evaluated. In the extended theory, by relaxing the torsion free condition on the metric connection, general relativity is reformulated to relate the spin density of particles to a new quantity, the torsion tensor. In torsion theories, the spin tensor and torsion tensor are related in much the same way as the stress-energy tensor is related to the metric connection. Similarly, as the metric is the field associated with the metric connection, fields can be associated with the torsion tensor resulting in a field that is either propagating or static. Experimental searches for static torsion have thus far been inconclusive, and currently, there have been no experimental tests for propagating torsion. Experimental tests of propagating theories of torsion are proposed utilizing various spin densities of matter, such as interfaces in superconducting materials and plasmas. The experimental feasibility and observable bounds are estimated, and the most viable candidates are selected to pursue in detail in a future work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20relativity" title="general relativity">general relativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitation" title=" gravitation"> gravitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagating%20torsion" title=" propagating torsion"> propagating torsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin%20density" title=" spin density"> spin density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77296/experimental-options-for-the-role-of-dynamic-torsion-in-general-relativity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16995</span> Large Language Model Powered Chatbots Need End-to-End Benchmarks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debarag%20Banerjee">Debarag Banerjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooja%20Singh"> Pooja Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjun%20Avadhanam"> Arjun Avadhanam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saksham%20Srivastava"> Saksham Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Autonomous conversational agents, i.e., chatbots, are becoming an increasingly common mechanism for enterprises to provide support to customers and partners. In order to rate chatbots, especially ones powered by Generative AI tools like Large Language Models (LLMs), we need to be able to accurately assess their performance. This is where chatbot benchmarking becomes important. In this paper, authors propose the use of a benchmark that they call the E2E (End to End) benchmark and show how the E2E benchmark can be used to evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of the answers provided by chatbots, especially ones powered by LLMs. The authors evaluate an example chatbot at different levels of sophistication based on both our E2E benchmark as well as other available metrics commonly used in the state of the art and observe that the proposed benchmark shows better results compared to others. In addition, while some metrics proved to be unpredictable, the metric associated with the E2E benchmark, which uses cosine similarity, performed well in evaluating chatbots. The performance of our best models shows that there are several benefits of using the cosine similarity score as a metric in the E2E benchmark. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chatbot%20benchmarking" title="chatbot benchmarking">chatbot benchmarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end-to-end%20%28E2E%29%20benchmarking" title=" end-to-end (E2E) benchmarking"> end-to-end (E2E) benchmarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20language%20model" title=" large language model"> large language model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20centric%20evaluation." title=" user centric evaluation."> user centric evaluation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175727/large-language-model-powered-chatbots-need-end-to-end-benchmarks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16994</span> Probing Syntax Information in Word Representations with Deep Metric Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bowen%20Ding">Bowen Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yihao%20Kuang"> Yihao Kuang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, with the development of large-scale pre-trained lan-guage models, building vector representations of text through deep neural network models has become a standard practice for natural language processing tasks. From the performance on downstream tasks, we can know that the text representation constructed by these models contains linguistic information, but its encoding mode and extent are unclear. In this work, a structural probe is proposed to detect whether the vector representation produced by a deep neural network is embedded with a syntax tree. The probe is trained with the deep metric learning method, so that the distance between word vectors in the metric space it defines encodes the distance of words on the syntax tree, and the norm of word vectors encodes the depth of words on the syntax tree. The experiment results on ELMo and BERT show that the syntax tree is encoded in their parameters and the word representations they produce. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20metric%20learning" title="deep metric learning">deep metric learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syntax%20tree%20probing" title=" syntax tree probing"> syntax tree probing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20processing" title=" natural language processing"> natural language processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=word%20representations" title=" word representations"> word representations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173855/probing-syntax-information-in-word-representations-with-deep-metric-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16993</span> Foliation and the First Law of Thermodynamics for the Kerr Newman Black Hole</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20M.%20Jawwad%20Riaz">Syed M. Jawwad Riaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been a lot of interest in exploring the thermodynamic properties at the horizon of a black hole geometry. Earlier, it has been shown, for different spacetimes, that the Einstein field equations at the horizon can be expressed as a first law of black hole thermodynamics. In this paper, considering r = constant slices, for the Kerr-Newman black hole, shown that the Einstein field equations for the induced 3-metric of the hypersurface is expressed in thermodynamic quantities under the virtual displacements of the hypersurfaces. As expected, it is found that the field equations of the induced metric corresponding to the horizon can only be written as a first law of black hole thermodynamics. It is to be mentioned here that the procedure adopted is much easier, to obtain such results, as here one has to essentially deal with (n - 1)-dimensional induced metric for an n-dimensional spacetime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20hole%20space-times" title="black hole space-times">black hole space-times</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Einstein%27s%20field%20equation" title=" Einstein's field equation"> Einstein's field equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foliation" title=" foliation"> foliation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyper-surfaces" title=" hyper-surfaces"> hyper-surfaces</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50127/foliation-and-the-first-law-of-thermodynamics-for-the-kerr-newman-black-hole" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16992</span> Gaze Behaviour of Individuals with and without Intellectual Disability for Nonaccidental and Metric Shape Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Haider">S. Haider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bhushan"> B. Bhushan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eye Gaze behaviour of individuals with and without intellectual disability are investigated in an eye tracking study in terms of sensitivity to Nonaccidental (NAPs) and Metric (MPs) shape properties. Total fixation time is used as an indirect measure of attention allocation. Studies have found Mean reaction times for non accidental properties (NAPs) to be shorter than for metric (MPs) when the MP and NAP differences were equalized. METHODS: Twenty-five individuals with intellectual disability (mild and moderate level of Mental Retardation) and twenty-seven normal individuals were compared on mean total fixation duration, accuracy level and mean reaction time for mild NAPs, extreme NAPs and metric properties of images. 2D images of cylinders were adapted and made into forced choice match-to-sample tasks. Tobii TX300 Eye Tracker was used to record total fixation duration and data obtained from the Areas of Interest (AOI). Variable trial duration (total reaction time of each participant) and fixed trail duration (data taken at each second from one to fifteen seconds) data were used for analyses. Both groups did not differ in terms of fixation times (fixed as well as variable) across any of the three image manipulations but differed in terms of reaction time and accuracy. Normal individuals had longer reaction time compared to individuals with intellectual disability across all types of images. Both the groups differed significantly on accuracy measure across all image types. Normal individuals performed better across all three types of images. Mild NAPs vs. Metric differences: There was significant difference between mild NAPs and metric properties of images in terms of reaction times. Mild NAPs images had significantly longer reaction time compared to metric for normal individuals but this difference was not found for individuals with intellectual disability. Mild NAPs images had significantly better accuracy level compared to metric for both the groups. In conclusion, type of image manipulations did not result in differences in attention allocation for individuals with and without intellectual disability. Mild Nonaccidental properties facilitate better accuracy level compared to metric in both the groups but this advantage is seen only for normal group in terms of mean reaction time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20gaze%20fixations" title="eye gaze fixations">eye gaze fixations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20movements" title=" eye movements"> eye movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20disability" title=" intellectual disability"> intellectual disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stimulus%20properties" title=" stimulus properties"> stimulus properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21671/gaze-behaviour-of-individuals-with-and-without-intellectual-disability-for-nonaccidental-and-metric-shape-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16991</span> Decision Trees Constructing Based on K-Means Clustering Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loai%20Abdallah">Loai Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Yousef"> Malik Yousef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A domain space for the data should reflect the actual similarity between objects. Since objects belonging to the same cluster usually share some common traits even though their geometric distance might be relatively large. In general, the Euclidean distance of data points that represented by large number of features is not capturing the actual relation between those points. In this study, we propose a new method to construct a different space that is based on clustering to form a new distance metric. The new distance space is based on ensemble clustering (EC). The EC distance space is defined by tracking the membership of the points over multiple runs of clustering algorithm metric. Over this distance, we train the decision trees classifier (DT-EC). The results obtained by applying DT-EC on 10 datasets confirm our hypotheses that embedding the EC space as a distance metric would improve the performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ensemble%20clustering" title="ensemble clustering">ensemble clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20trees" title=" decision trees"> decision trees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K%20nearest%20neighbors" title=" K nearest neighbors"> K nearest neighbors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89656/decision-trees-constructing-based-on-k-means-clustering-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16990</span> Metrics and Methods for Improving Resilience in Agribusiness Supply Chains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Golnar%20Behzadi">Golnar Behzadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20O%27Sullivan"> Michael O'Sullivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tava%20Olsen"> Tava Olsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abraham%20Zhang"> Abraham Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By definition, increasing supply chain resilience improves the supply chain’s ability to return to normal, or to an even more desirable situation, quickly and efficiently after being hit by a disruption. This is especially critical in agribusiness supply chains where the products are perishable and have a short life-cycle. In this paper, we propose a resilience metric to capture and improve the recovery process in terms of both performance and time, of an agribusiness supply chain following either supply or demand-side disruption. We build a model that determines optimal supply chain recovery planning decisions and selects the best resilient strategies that minimize the loss of profit during the recovery time window. The model is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programming problem and solved with a branch-and-cut algorithm. The results show that the optimal recovery schedule is highly dependent on the duration of the time-window allowed for recovery. In addition, the profit loss during recovery is reduced by utilizing the proposed resilient actions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agribusiness%20supply%20chain" title="agribusiness supply chain">agribusiness supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery" title=" recovery"> recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience%20metric" title=" resilience metric"> resilience metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67437/metrics-and-methods-for-improving-resilience-in-agribusiness-supply-chains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16989</span> Particle and Photon Trajectories near the Black Hole Immersed in the Nonstatic Cosmological Background</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20M.%20Kopteva">Elena M. Kopteva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavlina%20Jaluvkova"> Pavlina Jaluvkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zdenek%20Stuchlik"> Zdenek Stuchlik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The question of constructing a consistent model of the cosmological black hole remains to be unsolved and still attracts the interest of cosmologists as far as it is important in a wide set of research problems including the problem of the black hole horizon dynamics, the problem of interplay between cosmological expansion and local gravity, the problem of structure formation in the early universe etc. In this work, the model of the cosmological black hole is built on the basis of the exact solution of the Einstein equations for the spherically symmetric inhomogeneous dust distribution in the approach of the mass function use. Possible trajectories for massive particles and photons near the black hole immersed in the nonstatic dust cosmological background are investigated in frame of the obtained model. The reference system of distant galaxy comoving to cosmological expansion combined with curvature coordinates is used, so that the resulting metric becomes nondiagonal and involves both proper ‘cosmological’ time and curvature spatial coordinates. For this metric the geodesic equations are analyzed for the test particles and photons, and the respective trajectories are built. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exact%20solutions%20for%20Einstein%20equations" title="exact solutions for Einstein equations">exact solutions for Einstein equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi%20solution" title=" Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi solution"> Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmological%20black%20holes" title=" cosmological black holes"> cosmological black holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20and%20photon%20trajectories" title=" particle and photon trajectories"> particle and photon trajectories</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63353/particle-and-photon-trajectories-near-the-black-hole-immersed-in-the-nonstatic-cosmological-background" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16988</span> Degree of Approximation by the (T.E^1) Means of Conjugate Fourier Series in the Hölder Metric</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kejal%20Khatri">Kejal Khatri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishnu%20Narayan%20Mishra"> Vishnu Narayan Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We compute the degree of approximation of functions\tilde{f}\in H_w, a new Banach space using (T.E^1) summability means of conjugate Fourier series. In this paper, we extend the results of Singh and Mahajan which in turn generalizes the result of Lal and Yadav. Some corollaries have also been deduced from our main theorem and particular cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20Fourier%20series" title="conjugate Fourier series">conjugate Fourier series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20approximation" title=" degree of approximation"> degree of approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%C3%B6lder%20metric" title=" Hölder metric"> Hölder metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20summability" title=" matrix summability"> matrix summability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20summability" title=" product summability"> product summability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2123/degree-of-approximation-by-the-te1-means-of-conjugate-fourier-series-in-the-holder-metric" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16987</span> Right Solution of Geodesic Equation in Schwarzschild Metric and Overall Examination of Physical Laws</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwan%20U.%20Kim">Kwan U. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Sim"> Jin Sim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryong%20Jin%20Jang"> Ryong Jin Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Duk%20Kim"> Sung Duk Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 108 years have passed since a great number of physicists explained astronomical and physical phenomena by solving geodesic equations in Schwarzschild metric. However, when solving the geodesic equations in Schwarzschild metric, they did not correctly solve one branch of the component of space among spatial and temporal components of four-dimensional force and did not come up with physical laws correctly by means of physical analysis from the results obtained by solving the geodesic equations. In addition to it, they did not treat the astronomical and physical phenomena in a physical way based on the correct physical laws obtained from the solution of the geodesic equations in Schwarzschild metric. Therefore, some former scholars mentioned that Einstein’s theoretical basis of the general theory of relativity was obscure and incorrect, but they have not given a correct physical solution to the problems. Furthermore, since the general theory of relativity has not given a quantitative solution to obscure and incorrect problems, the generalization of gravitational theory has not been successfully completed yet, although the former scholars thought of it and tried to do it. In order to solve the problems it is necessary to explore the obscure and incorrect problems in general theory of relativity based on the physical laws and to find out the methodology of solving the problems. Therefore, first of all, as the first step for achieving the purpose, the right solution of the geodesic equation in Schwarzschild metric has been presented. Next, the correct physical laws found by making a physical analysis of the results have been presented, the obscure and incorrect problems have been shown, and an analysis of them has been made based on the physical laws. In addition, the experimental verification of the physical laws found by us has been made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20principle" title="equivalence principle">equivalence principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20relativity" title=" general relativity"> general relativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometrodynamics" title=" geometrodynamics"> geometrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schwarzschild" title=" Schwarzschild"> Schwarzschild</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poincar%C3%A9" title=" Poincaré"> Poincaré</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182756/right-solution-of-geodesic-equation-in-schwarzschild-metric-and-overall-examination-of-physical-laws" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metric%20model&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metric%20model&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metric%20model&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metric%20model&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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