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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Positions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Equipment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Broomstick" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broomstick"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Broomstick</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broomstick-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hoops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hoops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Hoops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hoops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quaffle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quaffle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Quaffle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quaffle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bludgers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bludgers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Bludgers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bludgers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snitch_(or_flag)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snitch_(or_flag)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Snitch (or flag)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snitch_(or_flag)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rules</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rules-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rules subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Playing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Playing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Playing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Playing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fouls_and_illegal_plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fouls_and_illegal_plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Fouls and illegal plays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fouls_and_illegal_plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pitch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pitch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Pitch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pitch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Officials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rules_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rules history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rules_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rules history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rules_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rulebook_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rulebook_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Rulebook 8</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rulebook_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rulebook_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rulebook_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Rulebook 9</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rulebook_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rulebook_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rulebook_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Rulebook 10</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rulebook_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020–2021_rulebook_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020–2021_rulebook_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>2020–2021 rulebook changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020–2021_rulebook_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_rulebook_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_rulebook_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>2022 rulebook changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_rulebook_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Quadball_Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Quadball_Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>International Quadball Association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Quadball_Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Competitions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Competitions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Competitions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Competitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_tournaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_tournaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>International tournaments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_tournaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IQA_World_Cup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IQA_World_Cup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>IQA World Cup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IQA_World_Cup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>European Games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Quidditch_Cup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Quidditch_Cup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>European Quidditch Cup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Quidditch_Cup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asian_Quidditch_Cup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asian_Quidditch_Cup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.4</span> <span>Asian Quidditch Cup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asian_Quidditch_Cup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_or_league_tournaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_or_league_tournaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Regional or league tournaments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_or_league_tournaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canadian_Nationals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_Nationals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Canadian Nationals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_Nationals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_League_Quadball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_League_Quadball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>Major League Quadball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_League_Quadball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-QUAFL" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#QUAFL"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.3</span> <span>QUAFL</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-QUAFL-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quidditch_Premier_League" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quidditch_Premier_League"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.4</span> <span>Quidditch Premier League</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quidditch_Premier_League-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-USQ_Championships_(US_Quadball_Cup)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#USQ_Championships_(US_Quadball_Cup)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.5</span> <span>USQ Championships (US Quadball Cup)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-USQ_Championships_(US_Quadball_Cup)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IQA_World_Cup_(old)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IQA_World_Cup_(old)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.5.1</span> <span>IQA World Cup (old)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IQA_World_Cup_(old)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Tournaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Tournaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.6</span> <span>British Tournaments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Tournaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gender_or_"four_maximum"_rule_and_the_LGBT_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender_or_"four_maximum"_rule_and_the_LGBT_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gender or "four maximum" rule and the LGBT community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender_or_"four_maximum"_rule_and_the_LGBT_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corrigan_Quidditch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corrigan_Quidditch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Corrigan Quidditch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corrigan_Quidditch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kidditch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kidditch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Kidditch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kidditch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wheelchair_Quidditch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wheelchair_Quidditch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Wheelchair Quidditch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wheelchair_Quidditch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Quidditch (real-life sport)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quidditch_(esport)" title="Quidditch (esport) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quidditch (esport)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudlovsk%C3%BD_famfrp%C3%A1l" title="Mudlovský famfrpál – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mudlovský famfrpál" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadball" title="Quadball – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quadball" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A1dbol" title="Quádbol – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Quádbol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quidditch" title="Quidditch – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Quidditch" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadbol" title="Quadbol – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Quadbol" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%86" title="کوئیدیچ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوئیدیچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quidditch_moldu" title="Quidditch moldu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quidditch moldu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%80%B4%EB%94%94%EC%B9%98_(%EC%8A%A4%ED%8F%AC%EC%B8%A0)" title="퀴디치 (스포츠) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="퀴디치 (스포츠)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quidditch_(olahraga_dunia_nyata)" title="Quidditch (olahraga dunia nyata) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Quidditch (olahraga dunia nyata)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadball" title="Quadball – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quadball" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A5%27_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9D" title="קווידיץ' מוגלגים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קווידיץ' מוגלגים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quidditch_(sport)" title="Quidditch (sport) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Quidditch (sport)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadball" title="Quadball – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Quadball" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quidditch_(esporte)" title="Quidditch (esporte) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quidditch (esporte)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muklovsk%C3%BD_metlobal" title="Muklovský metlobal – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Muklovský metlobal" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the fictional sport, see <a href="/wiki/Quidditch" title="Quidditch">Quidditch</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Quadball</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muggle_Quidditch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Muggle_Quidditch.jpg/350px-Muggle_Quidditch.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Muggle_Quidditch.jpg/525px-Muggle_Quidditch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Muggle_Quidditch.jpg/700px-Muggle_Quidditch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="994" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A chaser tries to advance the quaffle but is deterred by an opposing beater.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Highest <a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governing body</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Quadball_Association" title="International Quadball Association">International Quadball Association</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">First played</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">2005 in <a href="/wiki/Middlebury,_Vermont" title="Middlebury, Vermont">Middlebury, Vermont</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Contact</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Full-contact" class="mw-redirect" title="Full-contact">Full</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Team members</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">7 on field, 21 total on roster; 1 additional player who is not a member of either team<br />Both teams can <a href="/wiki/Substitution_(sport)" title="Substitution (sport)">substitute players</a> <a href="/wiki/Free_substitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Free substitution">freely</a> at any time behind their proper keeper zone.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_sports" title="Mixed-sex sports">Mixed-sex</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">Team sport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ball_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball game">ball sport</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Equipment</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="#Quaffle">Quaffle</a> (volleyball)<br /><a href="#Bludgers">Bludgers</a> (dodgeballs)<br /><a href="#Snitch">Snitch</a> (tennis ball)<br /><a href="#Broomstick">Brooms</a><br /><a href="#Hoops">Hoops</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Venue</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="#Pitch">Quidditch pitch</a> (also known simply as a "pitch")</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Presence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Country or region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IQA_World_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IQA_World_Map.svg/200px-IQA_World_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IQA_World_Map.svg/300px-IQA_World_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IQA_World_Map.svg/400px-IQA_World_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1314" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">No<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_Games" title="Paralympic Games">Paralympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">No</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Muggle_quidditch.webm/220px--Muggle_quidditch.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="1219" data-mwtitle="Muggle_quidditch.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Muggle_quidditch.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/Muggle_quidditch.webm/Muggle_quidditch.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/Muggle_quidditch.webm/Muggle_quidditch.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Muggle_quidditch.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/Muggle_quidditch.webm/Muggle_quidditch.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/Muggle_quidditch.webm/Muggle_quidditch.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/Muggle_quidditch.webm/Muggle_quidditch.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/Muggle_quidditch.webm/Muggle_quidditch.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Quidditch game</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Quidditch</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially known as <b>quadball</b> since 2022, is a <a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">team</a> <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sport</a> that was created in 2005 at <a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Middlebury,_Vermont" title="Middlebury, Vermont">Middlebury, Vermont</a>, United States, and was inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Quidditch" title="Quidditch">fictional game of the same name</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter" title="Harry Potter">Harry Potter</a></i> books by the author <a href="/wiki/J._K._Rowling" title="J. K. Rowling">J. K. Rowling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two teams of seven players each, astride <a href="/wiki/Broomstick" class="mw-redirect" title="Broomstick">broomsticks</a> and opposing each other on a rectangular pitch, compete with the primary objective of passing a ball through the defenders' hoops, while preventing their opponents from passing it through their own hoops. The real-world sport is sometimes referred to as "<b>muggle quidditch</b>" to distinguish it from the fictional game of the books, which involves magical elements such as flying broomsticks and enchanted balls—a <i>muggle</i> in the <i>Harry Potter</i> series being a person without magical abilities. The sport is played around the world. </p><p>Rules of the sport are governed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Quidditch_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="International Quidditch Association">International Quadball Association</a> (IQA), and events are sanctioned by either the IQA or that <a href="/wiki/International_Quadball_Association#Membership" title="International Quadball Association">nation's governing body</a>. A team consists of a minimum of seven (maximum 21) players, of which six are always on the pitch: three chasers, one keeper, and two beaters. The seventh position, known as a seeker, joins each team after a time period known as the "seeker floor" (17 minutes under IQA rules). The pitch is rectangular 60 by 36 yards (55 by 33 m) with three hoops of varying heights at either end (this contrasts with the pitch of the fictional sport, which is oval-shaped).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teams are required to be gender-balanced: each team may have a maximum of four players who identify as the same gender on the field at one time, making quidditch one of the few sports that not only offers a gender-integrated environment, but an open community to those who identify as <a href="/wiki/Nonbinary" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonbinary">nonbinary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To score points, chasers or keepers must get the quaffle—a slightly deflated volleyball—into any of the three opposing hoops, which scores the team 10 points.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To impede their opponents, beaters can use bludgers—dodgeballs—to hit opposing players and temporarily remove them from play. Once hit by an opposing bludger, that player must dismount their broom, drop any ball being held, and return to touch their own team's hoops before re-entering the game.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ultimate goal is to have more points than the other team by the time the snitch—a tennis ball inside a long sock hanging from the shorts of an impartial official dressed in yellow—is caught. After eighteen minutes of play, the snitch runner moves onto the pitch and tries to evade the two seekers. When one of the seekers catches the snitch, that team is awarded 30 points.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If this leads to the catching team having more points overall than their opponents, the game ends immediately with the catching team winning. In the event a team catches the snitch but still trails in points (or is tied for points) the game goes into an overtime period, with the target being the score achieved by the non-catching team plus 30 points. The first team to reach the target score wins the game; alternatively, either team may concede at any time during the overtime period. Matches or games often run about 30 to 40 minutes, but tend to vary in length due to the unpredictable nature of the snitch catch. </p><p>Rules vary from the IQA standard in domestic competitions, most notably in the US. In games sanctioned by <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Quadball" title="Major League Quadball">Major League Quadball</a> (MLQ) and <a href="/wiki/US_Quadball" title="US Quadball">US Quadball</a> (USQ), catching the snitch results in 35 points, which help teams reach a set score, 60 (MLQ) or 70 (USQ) points above the leading team before the seeker floor. The first team to reach this set score wins the game. Additionally, the seeker floor is set at 20 minutes rather than 17. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quidditch has its roots in the <a href="/wiki/Quidditch" title="Quidditch">fictional <i>Harry Potter</i> sport</a> of the same name. To denote the difference, the fictional sport uses the capitalized "Quidditch" whereas the sport played as per the IQA rules uses the uncapitalised "quidditch". In April 2017 Oxford Dictionaries recognized "quidditch" as a word.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were already some unofficial, fun-driven tournaments that tried to recreate "Quidditch" in a real-life setting as early as 2001, e.g., in Germany where a tournament was even nicknamed "Junior World Championship" <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. These events, however, were no serious attempt to establish a fixed rule set and to found a real-life sport yet. </p><p>The sport was brought to life in 2005 at <a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Middlebury,_Vermont" title="Middlebury, Vermont">Middlebury, Vermont</a>, by Xander Manshel and Alex Benepe, who later became the first commissioner of quidditch.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has grown into its own separate and distinct sport after ten<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> publications of rulebooks.<sup id="cite_ref-Internationalquidditch.org_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Internationalquidditch.org-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After beginning in 2005, the sport grew to the point where, in 2007, the first <a href="/wiki/US_Quidditch_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="US Quidditch Cup">Quidditch World Cup</a> took place with Middlebury taking the place of the top team. Since then, yearly until 2014, there was a World Cup within the United States, where collegiate and community teams would compete to be the best team. While Canada often sent several Ontario or Quebec teams, and Australia, Mexico and France each sent a team once, the World Cup in its state never saw true international competition. In 2012, the IQA hosted the <a href="/wiki/2012_IQA_Summer_Games" title="2012 IQA Summer Games">Summer Games</a>, where five nations sent national teams. Two years later, the IQA hosted the <a href="/wiki/2014_IQA_Global_Games" title="2014 IQA Global Games">Global Games</a>, during which the United States defeated Australia for the gold medal.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is now an IQA World Cup every two years, though the 2020 World Cup was cancelled and the 2022 World Cup has been delayed. </p><p>Since beginning at Middlebury College, the sport has grown through universities in the East and West Coast in the United States. It soon grew internationally, arriving in Canada through <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carleton_University" title="Carleton University">Carleton University</a> in 2009. In 2010, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a> became the first major university to create a permanent Quidditch pitch, through the generosity of actor-alumnus <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Perry" title="Matthew Perry">Matthew Perry</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Is he an alumnus of UCLA? Neither appropriate article mentions it; the one on Perry makes no mention of university at all. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Quidditch began to take shape around the world with teams beginning in Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the UK,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and France.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It soon spread across Europe and the Americas, arriving in Italy, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Mexico, Argentina,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Brazil. </p><p>In December 2021, it was reported that some leagues involved in the sport, <a href="/wiki/US_Quadball" title="US Quadball">US Quidditch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Quadball" title="Major League Quadball">Major League Quidditch</a>, were planning to change the name of the sport they engage in. The leagues had stated that this was in order to distance themselves from Harry Potter author <a href="/wiki/J.K._Rowling" class="mw-redirect" title="J.K. Rowling">J.K. Rowling</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_J._K._Rowling#Transgender_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of J. K. Rowling">views on transgender people and related civil rights</a>, that have been criticized by some people as <a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">transphobic</a>, as well as avoiding a potential trademark dispute over studio <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a>' ownership of "Quidditch".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Names suggested include "quidball", "quadball", "quickball", "quicker", "quidstrike" and "quadraball".<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2021_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2021-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2022, the new name of "quadball" was announced, which references the game's four balls and retains 'Q' as the first letter.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Play">Play</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Play"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each match begins with six of the starting players (excluding the seekers) along the starting line within their keeper zone with brooms on the ground and the four balls lined in the centre of the pitch. The head referee then calls "brooms up!" at which players run to gain possession of the balls.<sup id="cite_ref-7r3.2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7r3.2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The snitch goes on the field at 17 minutes, and the seekers are released at 18 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goals are worth ten points. Once a point is scored, the quaffle must be given to the other team's keeper, and almost immediately returns to the offensive<sup id="cite_ref-7r4.4.4_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7r4.4.4-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the chasers returning to their keeper zone or proper side of the pitch;<sup id="cite_ref-7r4.4.1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7r4.4.1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beaters are not bound to return to their side of the pitch nor exit the opposing team's keeper zone at any point.<sup id="cite_ref-7r4.4_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7r4.4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Games can last any length of time longer than 18 minutes, depending on the skill and endurance of the seekers and snitch. </p><p>The game ends after the snitch has been caught through what is called a clean catch by the Snitch Referee, The Head Referee, and the Snitch Runner. The team that caught the snitch is awarded 30 points, regardless if they are winning or losing the game.<sup id="cite_ref-7r4.5_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7r4.5-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The winner is determined not by the snitch catch, but by the number of points earned throughout the entirety of the game. Depending on the score teams will delay the snitch catch to better their chances of winning. Teams that are losing tend to defend the snitch by placing themselves between the Snitch Runner and the opposing seeker. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Positions">Positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The players positions are shown by the colour of the headband they wear on pitch.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Chasers</b> (white headbands) are responsible for passing the quaffle and scoring points by throwing the quaffle through one of the opponent's goals for 10 points. Chasers may enter into physical contact with opposing chasers or keepers. There are three chasers on the field for each team.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Keepers</b> (green headband) function as chasers with extra privileges. The keeper is invulnerable to bludgers as well as having indisputable possession of the quaffle when within their team's keeper zone, an area around the team's hoops. There is one keeper per team.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Beaters</b> (black headband) attempt to hit the opposing team's players with bludgers and attempt to block the bludgers from hitting their team's players. Beaters may catch a bludger to avoid being knocked out. As there are three bludgers for the four beaters on the pitch, the fourth, bludger-less beater puts pressure on the team in control of both bludgers (often called "bludger control" or "bludger supremacy"). If a beater is on a team that has no bludgers, they may raise a hand above their shoulder with their fist closed and claim "bludger immunity" to prevent being knocked out by live bludgers as they collect the third bludger. A team that has two bludgers may not prevent the other team from collecting the third bludger. Beaters may enter into physical contact only with other beaters.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Seekers</b> (yellow headband) attempt to catch the snitch. They may not contact the snitch but are permitted to contact the other seeker. The Snitch is released after 17 minutes, giving the Seekers a chance to watch the snitch before being released 1 minute later, after a total of 18 minutes of game time. There is one seeker on the field for each team.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The game is played with six standing hoops, three on each side of a square pitch. Each player must hold a broomstick between their legs. There are three different types of balls in play, and five in total: the quaffle, three bludgers, and the snitch. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quidditch_Balls_Lined_Up_Smalle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Quidditch_Balls_Lined_Up_Smalle.JPG/275px-Quidditch_Balls_Lined_Up_Smalle.JPG" decoding="async" width="275" height="415" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Quidditch_Balls_Lined_Up_Smalle.JPG/413px-Quidditch_Balls_Lined_Up_Smalle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Quidditch_Balls_Lined_Up_Smalle.JPG/550px-Quidditch_Balls_Lined_Up_Smalle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1361" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>One quaffle and three bludgers lined up for "brooms up" before a quidditch match</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broomstick">Broomstick</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Broomstick"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The broomstick serves the purpose of being a <i>handicap</i> such as one-handed dribbling in <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> or using only one's feet in <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The player must stay mounted on their broomstick continuously unless they have been hit with a bludger, in which case the player needs to dismount from their broom and return to their hoops.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To be mounted on the broomstick means that the player must hold the broom between their legs and not have it fully on the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Players can substitute a variety of objects for brooms depending on the level of seriousness. Many teams play on PVC pipes of about 3 feet or 1 meter in length; these are usually made, but can also be purchased from specialist quidditch suppliers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hoops">Hoops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hoops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three hoops are placed on either side of the pitch of differing heights (3 ft or 0.91 m, 4.5 ft or 1.4 m and 6 ft or 1.8 m), placed two broomsticks apart (92 in or 2.3 m).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chasers and keepers can score by throwing the quaffle through any one of the hoops, from either front or back, gaining ten points for their team per score. Any player experiencing a knock-out effect from either dismounting their broomstick or getting hit with a bludger must touch with any part of their body excluding the broom any one of their hoops before returning to play. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quaffle">Quaffle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Quaffle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The quaffle is a slightly deflated regulation <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a> that can only be manipulated by chasers or keepers. Used for scoring, it may pass through any hoop from either side. Regardless of which team caused the quaffle to pass through the hoop, as long as it is in play, a goal is scored against the team whose hoop was scored upon, which is counted to be 10 points.<sup id="cite_ref-iqaquidditch.com_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iqaquidditch.com-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bludgers">Bludgers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bludgers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bludger is a slightly deflated <a href="/wiki/Dodgeball" title="Dodgeball">dodgeball</a> that can only be manipulated by beaters. There are three bludgers. The bludgers are used to hit any other player on the field. Upon being hit by a bludger, a player must dismount their broom, drop any ball that they may have been carrying, and touch their team's hoops before resuming play. There also is no friendly fire, meaning that bludgers thrown by beaters cannot affect any of their teammates.<sup id="cite_ref-iqaquidditch.com_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iqaquidditch.com-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snitch_(or_flag)"><span id="Snitch_.28or_flag.29"></span>Snitch (or flag)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Snitch (or flag)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_King%27s_Cup_Quidditch_Tournament,_Syracuse,_NY-04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/2015_King%27s_Cup_Quidditch_Tournament%2C_Syracuse%2C_NY-04.JPG/325px-2015_King%27s_Cup_Quidditch_Tournament%2C_Syracuse%2C_NY-04.JPG" decoding="async" width="325" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/2015_King%27s_Cup_Quidditch_Tournament%2C_Syracuse%2C_NY-04.JPG/488px-2015_King%27s_Cup_Quidditch_Tournament%2C_Syracuse%2C_NY-04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/2015_King%27s_Cup_Quidditch_Tournament%2C_Syracuse%2C_NY-04.JPG/650px-2015_King%27s_Cup_Quidditch_Tournament%2C_Syracuse%2C_NY-04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Seeker (l) and Snitch (r) at King's Cup Quidditch Tournament, Syracuse University, April 2015<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The snitch is a <a href="/wiki/Tennis_ball" title="Tennis ball">tennis ball</a> placed at the bottom of a long yellow pouch that is attached to the back of the snitch runner's shorts like in <a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag rugby</a>. The snitch-runner is allowed to be more physical than other players.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only seekers may make advances towards the snitch or the snitch runner, and no forceful contact with the snitch runner is allowed. If the snitch is not caught within a certain period of time, handicaps for the snitch runner come into play. Catching the snitch awards 30 points.<sup id="cite_ref-iqaquidditch.com_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iqaquidditch.com-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of the release of Rulebook 8, the snitch is relegated to playing only on the field in the same fashion as the other players. Previously, snitch runners left the pitch to be pursued by seekers returning to the field after a predetermined amount of time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules">Rules</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>USQ (originally IQA) has released 15 iterations of the Rulebook, each building upon the last. The modern IQA has released 5 iterations of the Rulebook since it split from USQ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Playing">Playing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Playing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each match begins with six of the starting players (excluding the seekers) along the starting line within their keeper zone with brooms on the ground and the four balls lined in the centre of the pitch. The head referee then calls "brooms up!" at which players run to gain possession of the balls.<sup id="cite_ref-7r3.2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7r3.2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After brooms up is called, the seekers must not interfere with other positions, and wait near the pitch until the end of the seeker floor, usually 18 minutes. The snitch goes on the field at 17 minutes, and the seekers are released at 18 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Play runs rapidly, with quick change-of-hands of the quaffle, because every goal (each being worth 10 points) scored against a team gives that team the ball. Once a point is scored, the quaffle must be given to the other team's keeper, and almost immediately returns to the offensive<sup id="cite_ref-7r4.4.4_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7r4.4.4-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the chasers returning to their keeper zone or proper side of the pitch;<sup id="cite_ref-7r4.4.1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7r4.4.1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beaters are not bound to return to their side of the pitch nor exit the opposing team's keeper zone at any point.<sup id="cite_ref-7r4.4_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7r4.4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Games can last any length of time longer than 18 minutes, depending on the skill and endurance of the seekers and snitch. Many tournaments introduce snitch handicaps, such as asking the snitch to use only one hand, no hands, or remain on the centre line, to ensure games fit within reasonable time slots. </p><p>The game is won only after the snitch has been caught cleanly, and the team that caught the snitch is awarded 30 points.<sup id="cite_ref-7r4.5_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7r4.5-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The winner is determined not by the snitch catch but by the number of points earned; thus it is not unknown for teams that are losing by a wide margin to try delaying a snitch catch so that they can narrow the opponents' lead, along with the reverse, with the winning team trying to extend their lead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fouls_and_illegal_plays">Fouls and illegal plays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fouls and illegal plays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Depending on the severity of the foul, a player found committing an illegal play will result in a back-to-hoops, or a blue, yellow, and/or a red card.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A back-to-hoops foul means the player must follow the same procedure as when hit with a bludger.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A blue card or yellow card mean the player must go the penalty box, for either one minute or until the next goal. Blue cards do not stack, but two yellow cards stack to a red card. If a player receives a red card, they are banned from the rest of the match.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If a Keeper is sent to the penalty box, they must give their headband to another chaser on their team, as both teams are required to have a keeper on the pitch at all times. </p><p>Contact rules are similar to other contact sports. Tackles are legal between the knees and shoulders. Two-handed tackling is allowed. All tackles must be initiated from the front side of the opposing player. Any back tackles made will result in a yellow card, however, if the player turns their back into the tackle with no chance for adjustment, it is not considered illegal. Players can only tackle other players of their same position (with keepers considered chasers) if they have the ball. Pushes are allowed if the arm is held straight; it is illegal to push if the arm is bent and then extended when pushing another player.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Players are not allowed to dive for balls, slide into contact, trip opposing players, or initiate contact around the neck or over the shoulder. If a player is found making any of these offences it will result in a card depending on the severity of the offence. </p><p>After several various types of illegal play, after an injury, or after a snitch catch, the head referee will blow their whistle three times to indicate stoppage of play, in which every player must drop in place their broom.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The snitch can no longer leave the pitch and is also subject to 'brooms down' (which is when play stops and no one can change location or headband), but can 'take a knee' by having any part of their body except their feet touch the floor. In this case, the seekers cannot advance towards the snitch at all until three seconds after the snitch is back up – if they do so, they will be sent back to hoops. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pitch">Pitch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pitch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The quidditch pitch is usually marked with cones or with painted lines,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is where all play occurs (a rectangle of 36 by 66 yards or 33 m × 60 m around the pitch).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balls are not allowed to be kicked off the pitch under penalty, nor is play allowed in the spectator zones. Players are asked to return to the pitch when play continues out of bounds. </p><p>On the edge of the pitch is a penalty box where players who have committed fouls that warrant yellow cards are sent for one minute.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Officials">Officials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each official game requires having several referees present as well as an official snitch. The referees consist of: </p> <ul><li><b>Head referee</b>, who enforces the rules, takes disciplinary action against players, and is the only official who may directly issue penalty cards;</li> <li><b>Assistant referees</b>, who assist the Head Referee in calling whether players are subject to the knockout effect, watching plays away from the quaffle and watching for balls and players going out of bounds;</li> <li><b>Snitch referee</b>, who watches plays around the snitch runner, including knockouts and potential catches, ruling whether the snitch runner is down, and enforcing snitch handicaps;</li> <li><b>Goal referees</b>, who watch the shots taken towards the goals and ruling whether the quaffle is out of bounds at their endline.<sup id="cite_ref-http_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The snitch runner, being a neutral player and assistant referee, may help the referees to determine whether or not the catch was clean.<sup id="cite_ref-http_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also usually a timekeeper and scorekeeper for each game. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules_history">Rules history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Rules history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rules of quidditch have changed significantly as the sport has developed over time. New rulebooks are released approximately every one or two years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rulebook_8">Rulebook 8</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Rulebook 8"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The release of Rulebook 8 coincided partially with the reformation of the IQA. As USQ released the rulebook, the IQA chose to adopt the eighth iteration as the de facto international standard where the proceeding rulebook will be released under the guise of the IQA. The changes from Rulebook 7 to Rulebook 8 were minimal except in two areas: blue cards and snitching. </p><p>A technical foul results in a blue card on a player where that player must substitute with another player of the same position. The substitution does not, however, result in a <a href="/wiki/Power_play_(sporting_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Power play (sporting term)">power play</a> for the other team, and play is not stopped when this card is rendered. A play may accrue an unlimited number of technical fouls during a match.<sup id="cite_ref-Rulebook_8_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rulebook_8-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Snitching also changed in Rulebook 8 resulting in the deletion of off-pitch seeking. Where before, the snitch would be "released" before each match by running off the pitch during a set amount of time, now the snitch is released to the field, limited to the playing area, at 17 minutes (the seekers being released at 18 minutes). Many NGBs chose to continue playing under Rulebook 7 rules.<sup id="cite_ref-Rulebook_8_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rulebook_8-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rulebook_9">Rulebook 9</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Rulebook 9"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The release of Rulebook 9 coincided partially with the reformation of the IQA. As USQ released the rulebook, the IQA chose to adopt the eighth iteration as the de facto international standard where the proceeding rulebook will be released under the guise of the IQA. The changes from Rulebook 8 to Rulebook 9 were minimal. </p><p>Rulebook 9 requires that if a chaser or keeper decides to reset the play by throwing the quaffle back to their side of the pitch, there must be a chaser and/or keeper to receive the quaffle. If there is no one to receive the ball, it will be considered a turnover and the offending team will lose possession of the quaffle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rulebook_10">Rulebook 10</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Rulebook 10"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The release of Rulebook 10 coincided partially with the reformation of the IQA. As USQ released the rulebook, the IQA chose to adopt the eighth iteration as the de facto international standard where the proceeding rulebook will be released under the guise of the IQA. The changes from the Rulebook 9 to 10 were minimal. </p><p>Rulebook 10 now requires that once an opposing team has scored, the keeper and or point chaser must keep the ball moving forward at all times. The rulebook has become more strict on tackling and cards are given at the discretion of the head referee. In addition, moving screens are illegal. This means that if a person wishes to screen for another player that has the quaffle, the person setting the screen must have their feet planted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020–2021_rulebook_changes"><span id="2020.E2.80.932021_rulebook_changes"></span>2020–2021 rulebook changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2020–2021 rulebook changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2020–2021 IQA rulebook is notable for making significant changes to several aspects of the game. The most major changes are chaser positioning when restarting play (after third bludger interference and most penalty cards), two yellow cards no longer resulting in a red card, a new setup for the start of games and snitch catches when the catching team is behind no longer ending the game.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The start setup was altered so players no longer line up on their starting line but instead enter the pitch from the side. One bludger starts in the middle of each team's keeper line, whereas the quaffle and third bludger are placed on the midline. One beater and one chaser from each team are chosen as designated runners who line up on the midline. The other players on the team all line up anywhere on the sideline on their half of the pitch, excluding one chaser who acts as the offensive zone chaser and starts on the sideline in the opponents' half.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the event a team catches the snitch but this results in them still trailing in points (or being in a tie for points), the game now goes into an overtime period where a target score of the non-catching team's score plus 30 points is set. The first team to reach the target score wins the game, however either team may concede at any time during this overtime period. Catches that result in the catching team leading in points still end the game immediately with the catching team winning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_rulebook_changes">2022 rulebook changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2022 rulebook changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The upcoming 2022 IQA rulebook will add in two-arm wrappings and tackling, allow initiating contact from behind if a player has come to a complete stop and extend the seeker floor from 17 to 20 minutes (bringing it in line with the current USQ/MLQ seeker floor). It also adds other minor rules such as required extra breaks during high heat or humidity, allowing plastic shin guards and metal cleats, penalizing beats thrown to the head from less than 5 meters away and new rules about specific scenarios with regard to resetting and stalled quaffles.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One additional change was proposed but failed receive enough votes which was a "3 maximum" gender rule that would allow teams to only have up to a maximum of 3 players of the same gender on pitch before the seeker floor (compared to the current 4 maximum of the same gender on pitch at any time).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/QuadballUK" title="QuadballUK">QuadballUK</a> have decided to implement this rule change starting in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_Quadball_Association">International Quadball Association</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: International Quadball Association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_Quadball_Association" title="International Quadball Association">International Quadball Association</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IQA_World_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IQA_World_Map.svg/450px-IQA_World_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IQA_World_Map.svg/675px-IQA_World_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IQA_World_Map.svg/900px-IQA_World_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption>World Map of quidditch activity. Dark blue indicates full member, light blue indicates associate member.</figcaption></figure> <p>The International Quadball Association serves as the central governing body for quidditch worldwide and helps to coordinate with national associations around the world through the IQA Congress. Previously, The IQA held a World Cup for qualifying members of the association at the end of every season, the first being held in 2007, ending in 2014 with its restructuring.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now, the IQA hosts World Cups featuring national teams, as well as Continental Games in the years between World Cups. </p><p>Each nation in which quidditch is played has or is in the process of developing a national organisation. The job of the national organisation is to organise quidditch within the country, create membership policies for teams, organize referees, snitches, and coaches and be the bridge between that nation's teams and the IQA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Competitions">Competitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Competitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_tournaments">International tournaments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: International tournaments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IQA_World_Cup">IQA World Cup</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: IQA World Cup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IQA_World_Cup" title="IQA World Cup">IQA World Cup</a></div> <p>Previously known as the Global Games and Summer Games, the World Cup is the IQA's tournament for national teams. It takes place every two years and any quidditch-playing nation is offered the chance at competing on the world level at this tournament. The last tournament took place in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a>, United States, in July 2023. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2012_IQA_Summer_Games" title="2012 IQA Summer Games">original World Cup</a> was titled "Summer Games" to match the Olympics being held in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom. July 2012 saw five national teams from around the world compete in this first international tournament run by the IQA, taking place in University Parks, Oxford, England. The five teams were from the US, Canada, France, UK, and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-IQA_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IQA-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>IQA World Cups </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="max-width:4em">Year </th> <th style="max-width:4em">Host city </th> <th style="max-width:1em" rowspan="6"> </th> <th style="max-width:4em">Champion </th> <th style="max-width:4em">Second </th> <th style="max-width:4em">Third </th></tr> <tr> <td>2012 <p><a href="/wiki/2012_IQA_Summer_Games" title="2012 IQA Summer Games">Details</a> </p> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/66px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_national_quidditch_team" title="United States national quidditch team">United States</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/50px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/66px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=France_national_quidditch_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France national quidditch team (page does not exist)">France</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/66px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Australia_national_quidditch_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia national quidditch team">Australia</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#E8E8F0"> <td>2014 <p><a href="/wiki/2014_IQA_Global_Games" title="2014 IQA Global Games">Details</a> </p> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Burnaby" title="Burnaby">Burnaby</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/66px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_national_quidditch_team" title="United States national quidditch team">United States</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/66px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Australia_national_quidditch_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia national quidditch team">Australia</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/66px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Canada_national_quidditch_team" title="Canada national quidditch team">Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 <p><a href="/wiki/2016_IQA_World_Cup" title="2016 IQA World Cup">Details</a> </p> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/66px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Australia_national_quidditch_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia national quidditch team">Australia</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/66px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_national_quidditch_team" title="United States national quidditch team">United States</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/66px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_national_quidditch_team" title="United Kingdom national quidditch team">United Kingdom</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#E8E8F0"> <td>2018 <p><a href="/wiki/2018_IQA_World_Cup" title="2018 IQA World Cup">Details</a> </p> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/66px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_national_quidditch_team" title="United States national quidditch team">United States</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/66px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Belgium_national_quidditch_team" title="Belgium national quidditch team">Belgium</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/50px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/66px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_national_quidditch_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkey national quidditch team (page does not exist)">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023_IQA_World_Cup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023 IQA World Cup (page does not exist)">Details</a> </p> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/66px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_national_quidditch_team" title="United States national quidditch team">United States</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/50px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/66px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germany_national_quidditch_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germany national quidditch team (page does not exist)">Germany</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/66px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Belgium_national_quidditch_team" title="Belgium national quidditch team">Belgium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_Games">European Games</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: European Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/European_Games_(quidditch)" title="European Games (quidditch)">European Games (quidditch)</a></div> <p>Similar to the World Cup, the European Games is an international tournament open to national teams. Inclusion within the European Games is limited to members of the European Committee (also known as Quidditch Europe or QEurope). The <a href="/wiki/2015_IQA_European_Games" title="2015 IQA European Games">first European Games</a> were held in <a href="/wiki/Sarteano" title="Sarteano">Sarteano</a>, Italy in July 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_Quidditch_Cup">European Quidditch Cup</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: European Quidditch Cup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/European_Quidditch_Cup" title="European Quidditch Cup">European Quidditch Cup</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Quidditch_Cup" title="European Quidditch Cup">European Quidditch Cup</a>, also known as EQC and formerly known as the European Quidditch Championship,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a yearly championship tournament for teams in Europe. EQC began first in France in <a href="/wiki/Lesparre-M%C3%A9doc" title="Lesparre-Médoc">Lesparre-Médoc</a> on 13 October 2012 where a minimal number of teams attended due to the fact that quidditch was only recently introduced to Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tournament quickly grew however and during the 2015–2016 season, <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli" title="Gallipoli">Gallipoli</a>, Italy, hosted EQC IV on 16–17 April 2016, with 40 teams attending from 13 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next European Quidditch Cup will be held in <a href="/wiki/Mechelen" title="Mechelen">Mechelen</a>, Belgium, on 25–26 March 2017, and will see 32 attending teams from 15 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asian_Quidditch_Cup">Asian Quidditch Cup</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Asian Quidditch Cup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inaugural Asian Quidditch Cup took place between the 30 and 31 July 2016 in Malaysia. It was held again in 2017 and held biennially to match the World Cup/Regional tournament alternations. The teams that competed at the inaugural Asian Quidditch Cup were the Australian National University Owls (ANU), Damansara Dementors, and Subang Chimaeras. The ANU Owls emerged champions.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_or_league_tournaments">Regional or league tournaments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Regional or league tournaments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canadian_Nationals">Canadian Nationals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Canadian Nationals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canadian Nationals is the national championship tournament for <a href="/wiki/Quidditch_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Quidditch Canada">Quidditch Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2014–2015 national championship was held in <a href="/wiki/Burnaby" title="Burnaby">Burnaby</a>, British Columbia on 28 March 2015. Its precursors, East and West Regionals, were held in <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston, Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moose_Jaw" title="Moose Jaw">Moose Jaw</a>, Saskatchewan on 1 and 7 February 2015, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Major_League_Quadball">Major League Quadball</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Major League Quadball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Quadball" title="Major League Quadball">Major League Quadball</a></div> <p>Major League Quadball (MLQ) was founded in 2015. MLQ features standardized schedules, officiation, statistics, and live or previously recorded footage of all games. The league included eight teams across the United States and Canada for its inaugural season in the summer of 2015. The league expanded to 16 teams for the 2016 season with the slogan "#16for16". For its third season in 2017, the league introduced practice squads behind the 16 teams, as well as developed a policy to allow league official teams to play unaffiliated teams.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="QUAFL">QUAFL</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: QUAFL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yearly, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Quidditch_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Quidditch Association">Australian Quadball Association</a> hosts QUAFL (Quadball united Australian federated league), an all-Australian championship that determines which Australian team is the best. The first tournament was held in December 2011 at <a href="/wiki/UNSW" class="mw-redirect" title="UNSW">UNSW</a>, Sydney and won by the hosts. The second tournament was hosted by <a href="/wiki/Macquarie_University" title="Macquarie University">Macquarie University</a> and was won again by the <a href="/wiki/UNSW" class="mw-redirect" title="UNSW">UNSW</a> Snapes on a plane. The tournament in 2013 was held at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Western Sydney">University of Western Sydney</a> on 30 November and 1 December. The winning team was the Perth Phoenixes. <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> Manticores defeated <a href="/wiki/UNSW" class="mw-redirect" title="UNSW">UNSW</a> Snapes On A Plane in the 2014 tournament final held at <a href="/wiki/Macquarie_University" title="Macquarie University">Macquarie University</a>. The same teams would make the 2015 tournament final, held at <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a>, where the Manticores would once again emerge triumphant. Wrackspurts QC from Victoria took out the 2016 tournament held at the Australian Institute of Sport. Most recently in the 2017 tournament held at the same location as 2016, the Whomping Willows of Victoria (in their first year as a team) took out the QUAFL cup. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Quidditch_Premier_League">Quidditch Premier League</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Quidditch Premier League"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Quidditch_Premier_League" title="Quidditch Premier League">Quidditch Premier League</a></div> <p>Beginning in 2017, the Quidditch Premier League (QPL) is a league in the United Kingdom<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that, as of 2019, is split into four divisions and 17 teams.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="USQ_Championships_(US_Quadball_Cup)"><span id="USQ_Championships_.28US_Quadball_Cup.29"></span>USQ Championships (US Quadball Cup)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: USQ Championships (US Quadball Cup)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/US_Quidditch_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="US Quidditch Cup">US Quadball Cup</a> (previously known as the IQA World Cup, Quidditch World Cup, and US Quidditch Cup) is the national championship tournament for <a href="/wiki/US_Quidditch" class="mw-redirect" title="US Quidditch">US Quidditch</a>. The tournament is a continuation of the IQA's original "Quidditch World Cup", having changed names for the 2015–2016 season and <a href="/wiki/US_Quidditch_Cup_9" title="US Quidditch Cup 9">US Quidditch Cup 9</a>. The change came about as the IQA shifted to become solely an international governing body for the sport and USQ took over quidditch governance in the United States. Each year, teams from around the United States compete at their respective regional championships to qualify for the US Quadball Cup tournament held at the end of the college school year. In the 2017–2018 season, USQ introduced separate divisions for college and community/club teams. </p><p>The goal of the USQ Championships is to compete to see which team is the best in the United States. USQ membership policy dictates that any team outside the US will be eligible to compete in this and any other USQ tournament as long as they pay the membership fees in full, but, to date, only two teams outside the US have registered as such: <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a>'s A and B teams. This policy, however, has since been discontinued. The first US Quadball Cup champion, since the forming of a separate USQ nationals, was Quidditch Club Boston (QCB) in 2016. </p><p>The regions within USQ are:<sup id="cite_ref-Regionals;_Quidditch_Reference_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regionals;_Quidditch_Reference-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Northeast</li> <li>Great Lakes</li> <li>Midwest</li> <li>Mid-Atlantic</li> <li>West</li> <li>South</li> <li>Southwest</li> <li>Northwest</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>US Quadball Cup Winners (Previously the Quidditch World Cup) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Winner </th> <th>Title (at the time) </th> <th>Organizing Body </th> <th>Location </th></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>Middlebury College </td> <td>World Cup 1 </td> <td>IQA </td> <td>Middlebury, VT </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td>Middlebury College </td> <td>World Cup 2 </td> <td>IQA </td> <td>Middlebury, VT </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>Middlebury College </td> <td>World Cup 3 </td> <td>IQA </td> <td>Middlebury, VT </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>Middlebury College </td> <td>World Cup 4 </td> <td>IQA </td> <td>New York, NY </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>Middlebury College </td> <td>World Cup 5 </td> <td>IQA </td> <td>New York, NY </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>University of Texas </td> <td>World Cup 6 </td> <td>IQA </td> <td>Kissimmee, FL </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>University of Texas </td> <td>World Cup 7 </td> <td>IQA </td> <td>North Myrtle Beach, SC </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>University of Texas </td> <td>World Cup 8 </td> <td>USQ </td> <td>Rock Hill, SC </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>Quidditch Club Boston (QCB) </td> <td>US Quidditch Cup 9 </td> <td>USQ </td> <td>Columbia, SC </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>Texas Cavalry </td> <td>US Quidditch Cup 10 </td> <td>USQ </td> <td>Kissimmee, FL </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>University of Rochester (<i>College Division)</i> <p>Texas Cavalry <i>(Club Division)</i> </p> </td> <td>US Quidditch Cup 11 </td> <td>USQ </td> <td>Round Rock, TX </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>University of Texas (<i>College Division)</i> <p>Texas Cavalry <i>(Club Division)</i> </p> </td> <td>US Quidditch Cup 12 </td> <td>USQ </td> <td>Round Rock, TX </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>University of Texas (<i>College Division)</i> <p>Texas Hill Country Heat <i>(Club Division)</i> </p> </td> <td>US Quidditch Cup 2022 </td> <td>USQ </td> <td>Salt Lake City, UT </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>University of Texas at San Antonio (<i>College Division)</i> <p>The Warriors <i>(Club Division)</i> </p> </td> <td>US Quadball Cup 2023 </td> <td>USQ </td> <td>Conshohocken, PA </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td>Harvard Horntails (<i>College Division)</i> <p>Boom Train <i>(Club Division)</i> </p> </td> <td>US Quadball Cup 2024 </td> <td>USQ </td> <td>Round Rock, TX </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="IQA_World_Cup_(old)"><span id="IQA_World_Cup_.28old.29"></span>IQA World Cup (old)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: IQA World Cup (old)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IQA World Cup is the former "world" championship of quidditch, which was held yearly in the United States. As it was maintained by the former IQA, it was almost a purely US-based tournament, seeing little turnout from teams outside of the country. This tournament was discontinued in 2014 when the IQA took on its new role as an international sports federation, choosing instead to host the then-Global Games now-World Cup as a world championship with individual teams relying on their national governing body for a culminating tournament. </p><p>The 2020 Tournament will be hosted at Shawnee Sports Complex in Dunbar WV. (67) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British_Tournaments">British Tournaments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: British Tournaments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Quadball_Cup" title="British Quadball Cup">British Quadball Cup</a> was first held in Oxford, England, on 9 and 10 November 2013, and was won by the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Quidditch_Club" title="Oxford University Quidditch Club">Oxford University's first team, The Radcliffe Chimeras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BQC was repeated on the weekend of 7 March 2015 held in Wollaton Park, Nottingham. At this tournament, the defending Champions, The Radcliffe Chimeras, were defeated in the final by Southampton Quidditch Club 1, with Keele Squirrels coming third. In total 24 teams were registered to compete with 23 doing so. </p><p>Also significant in the UK are the two regional tournaments – <a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_Cups" title="Northern and Southern Cups">Northern Cup and Southern Cup</a>. Originally devised as independently organised tournaments by Keele University Quidditch Club in March 2014, and the Southampton Quidditch Club the following November, the inaugural tournaments were won by Bangor Broken Broomsticks and <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Quidditch_Club" title="Oxford University Quidditch Club">Radcliffe Chimeras</a>. The tournaments were then taken over by QuadballUK, to ensure consistency between the two, as the tournaments are now used as qualification criteria for the <a href="/wiki/European_Quidditch_Cup" title="European Quidditch Cup">European Quidditch Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second Northern Cup took place on the 31 October–1 November 2015, and was won by Nottingham Nightmares, who defeated Durhamstrang in the final.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second Southern Cup took place on the 14–15 November and was won by the Radcliffe Chimeras, who defeated Warwick Quidditch Club in the final. The following year, the Velociraptors won Northern and Warwick Quidditch Club Southern.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The top three teams from each regional tournament (from Northern: the Velociraptors, Durhamstrang, and Tornadoes Quidditch Club and from Southern: Warwick Quidditch Club, Werewolves of London, and Brizzlebears) qualified for the European Quidditch Cup, which took place on the 25–26 March 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the increasing number of teams led to the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Development_Cup" title="Development Cup">Development Cup</a>, or Dev Cup for short, where teams that did not qualify for BQC could play. The style is a round-robin tournament, leading to all teams playing eight games (in the first one) over two days. The first winners of this were the Liverpuddly Cannons, who won all of their games. </p><p>Other long-standing tournaments include the Annual Mercian Cup, a mercenary tournament hosted by Derby Union Quidditch, Highlander Cup hosted by the Edinburgh Holyrood Hippogriffs, Reading University's Whiteknights Tournament, and Oxford's unique Valentines Cup, a fantasy tournament where players signed up in pairs. Since awareness of quidditch in the UK is rising exponentially, every year new tournaments are being devised. </p><p>In February 2017 it was announced that a <a href="/wiki/Quidditch_Premier_League" title="Quidditch Premier League">Quidditch Premier League</a> would be established in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gender_or_"four_maximum"_rule_and_the_LGBT_community"><span id="Gender_or_.22four_maximum.22_rule_and_the_LGBT_community"></span><span class="anchor" id="Gender_rule"></span>Gender or "four maximum" rule and the LGBT community</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Gender or "four maximum" rule and the LGBT community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since its inception, quidditch has sought gender equality on the pitch.<sup id="cite_ref-Initiatives_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Initiatives-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the most important requirements within the sport is its four maximum rule, which states: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A quidditch game allows each team to have a maximum of four players, not including the seeker, who identify as the same gender in active play on the field at the same time. The gender that a player identifies with is considered to be that player's gender, which may or may not correspond with that person's sex. This is commonly referred to as the "four maximum" rule. USQ accepts those who don't identify within the binary gender system and acknowledges that not all of our players identify as male or female. USQ welcomes people of all identities and genders into our league.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>"Four Maximum Rule"<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>In 2013, US Quidditch created Title 9¾, a branch of the IQA that actively promotes advocacy and awareness as well as gender equality and inclusivity,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose role moved on to the IQA under its "Initiatives".<sup id="cite_ref-Initiatives_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Initiatives-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sport has also been illustrated to yield a positive experience for athletes of all genders, increased desires for inclusivity and stereotype reduction.<sup id="cite_ref-Initiatives_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Initiatives-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Testimonials include: "The gender rule makes playing safe for me. I'm trans and genderqueer, two reasons I never know which team to join ... so having a non-binary option means I don't have to choose."<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are other variants of real-life Quidditch, notably played in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Hungary amongst other places. These variants often play with rules similar to the fictional sport within the <i>Harry Potter</i> universe but differ wildly from the IQA rules, including: playing without brooms, brooms serving a different purpose, referees throwing balls to act as snitches, differing bludger and beater roles, riding <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycles</a> instead of brooms, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A version of "real life" quidditch is also portrayed in the film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Internship" title="The Internship">The Internship</a></i>, however it strays wildly from quidditch's ruleset.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corrigan_Quidditch">Corrigan Quidditch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Corrigan Quidditch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Middlebury College certainly began the sporting craze for quidditch, an independent form of the sport originated in the early spring of 2007 on the campus of the University of North Georgia in Dahlonega, Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version of the sport uses a Flying Disk as its quaffle, dodge balls as bludgers, and a golden-yellow 'super ball' for the snitch. This form of the game (known affectionately as 'Corrigan Quidditch' after its originator, an English professor at the university who taught a <i>Harry Potter</i> class that term and developed the game for tournament play as an outgrowth of that course) does not call for players to hold a broom between the legs. Additionally, all of the playing apparatus is located within the playing pitch (quaffle, bludgers, snitch, beater's bats, and keeper's brooms). The two brooms are used only to defend the goals, which rise five (1.5), ten (3), and fifteen feet (4.6 m) above the pitch at each end of an elongated octagonal playing field approximately 200 feet (60 m) long. 'Corrigan Quidditch', as does the Middlebury version, has its own official rule book but features whimsical offences including a 'Queensbury'—moving both feet whilst holding the quaffle—and an 'Impermissible'—which allows the offended chaser to run with the quaffle (without incurring a Queensbury offence) and make a 'try' at the goals, defended only by the opposing keeper. Play includes non-participating teams who stand around the pitch and take control of both 'bludgering' players as well as 'sending off' the snitch at irregular intervals during play to allow the seekers (who are kept secret during play) to attempt a game-winning catch. 'Corrigan Quidditch' was the form of play originally covered in the world press during that significant summer when the seventh <i>Harry Potter</i> book (and fifth <i>Harry Potter</i> movie) was released. Unlike the world-popular Middlebury version, 'Corrigan Quidditch' remains a local event still played on its originating campus.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kidditch">Kidditch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Kidditch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modified rules with less contact have been used for younger (school age) players.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These rules include no tackling, modified hoops, and some leeway given to referees on the calls they make. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wheelchair_Quidditch">Wheelchair Quidditch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Wheelchair Quidditch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Quidditch_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Quidditch Association">Australian Quidditch Association</a> has a set of rules for wheelchair Quidditch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Mudbloods</i> is a quidditch documentary on how quidditch began in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Fly The Movie: Journey To Frankfurt</i> is a documentary following quidditch players on Team UK as they prepared for the Quidditch World Cup in Germany in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internship" title="The Internship">The Internship</a></i> is an American comedy film which features a game of quidditch played on the <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> campus.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iqaquidditch.com/files/IQA_Rulebook_7_web.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iqaquidditch.com&rft.atitle=Rule+4.5+The+Snitch+Catch%3B+International+Quidditch+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiqaquidditch.com%2Ffiles%2FIQA_Rulebook_7_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuidditch+%28real-life+sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlquadball.com/what-is-quadball">"What is Quadball?"</a>. <i>Major League Quadball</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Major+League+Quadball&rft.atitle=What+is+Quadball%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlquadball.com%2Fwhat-is-quadball&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuidditch+%28real-life+sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quidditchaustralia.org/how-do-you-play">"How Do You Play?"</a>. <i>Quadball Australia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iqaquidditch.com/files/IQA_Rulebook_7_web.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iqaquidditch.com/files/IQA_Rulebook_7_web.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metro+%28UK%29&rft.atitle=Corrigan+Quidditch+reported+in+the+UK&rft.date=2007-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetro.co.uk%2F2007%2F07%2F20%2Fpotters-quidditch-comes-to-life-564085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuidditch+%28real-life+sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020211247/http://www.foxcarolina.com/story/23205572/quidditch-world-cup-coming-to-sc-town">"Image of Corrigan Quidditch mistakenly used to illustrate Middlebury World Cup article"</a>. <i>Fox Carolina</i>. 21 August 2013. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+Carolina&rft.atitle=Image+of+Corrigan+Quidditch+mistakenly+used+to+illustrate+Middlebury+World+Cup+article&rft.date=2013-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxcarolina.com%2Fstory%2F23205572%2Fquidditch-world-cup-coming-to-sc-town&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuidditch+%28real-life+sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey2014" class="citation news cs1">Carey, Alexis (15 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/inner-west/from-harry-potter-to-sydney-schools-quidditch-has-become-a-real-competitive-sport/story-fngr8h4f-1226883558827">"From Harry Potter to Sydney schools, Quidditch has become a real competitive sport"</a>. <i>Daily Telegraph (Sydney)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph+%28Sydney%29&rft.atitle=From+Harry+Potter+to+Sydney+schools%2C+Quidditch+has+become+a+real+competitive+sport&rft.date=2014-04-15&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnewslocal%2Finner-west%2Ffrom-harry-potter-to-sydney-schools-quidditch-has-become-a-real-competitive-sport%2Fstory-fngr8h4f-1226883558827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuidditch+%28real-life+sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3272018/">"Mudbloods"</a>. <i>IMDb.com</i>. 20 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb.com&rft.atitle=Mudbloods&rft.date=2014-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt3272018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuidditch+%28real-life+sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metro.co.uk/2016/03/30/a-documentary-based-on-the-quidditch-world-cup-is-coming-5784991/">"Documentary to be made based around real-life Quidditch"</a>. <i>Metro.co.uk</i>. 30 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metro.co.uk&rft.atitle=Documentary+to+be+made+based+around+real-life+Quidditch&rft.date=2016-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetro.co.uk%2F2016%2F03%2F30%2Fa-documentary-based-on-the-quidditch-world-cup-is-coming-5784991%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuidditch+%28real-life+sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/fly-the-movie-journey-to-frankfurt-2016-sports#/">"Fly The Movie: Journey to Frankfurt 2016"</a>. <i>Indiegogo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indiegogo&rft.atitle=Fly+The+Movie%3A+Journey+to+Frankfurt+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiegogo.com%2Fprojects%2Ffly-the-movie-journey-to-frankfurt-2016-sports%23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuidditch+%28real-life+sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.imdb.com/title/tt2234155/fullcredits">"The Internship (2013) - IMDb"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 Aug</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=The+Internship+%282013%29+-+IMDb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt2234155%2Ffullcredits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuidditch+%28real-life+sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 2014 Global Games were held in Canada but officially hosted by <a href="/wiki/US_Quidditch" class="mw-redirect" title="US Quidditch">US Quidditch</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quidditch_(real-life_sport)&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quadball" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Quadball">Quadball</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iqasport.org/">IQA website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quidditchuk.org/">QUK website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quidditchcanada.com/">Quidditch Canada website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usquidditch.com/">US Quidditch website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021110441/http://www.worldcupquidditch.com/">USQ World Cup VI</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150206234411/http://iqaworldcup.com/">USQ World Cup VII</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quidditchpost.blogspot.ca/">Quidditch Post</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighthman.com/">The Eighth Man</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion games">Invasion games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basket sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach basketball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaf_basketball" title="Deaf basketball">deaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3x3_basketball" title="3x3 basketball">3x3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_basketball" title="Water basketball">water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_basketball" title="Wheelchair basketball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cestoball" title="Cestoball">Cestoball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dueball" title="Dueball">Dueball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korfball" title="Korfball">Korfball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">Netball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast5_netball" title="Fast5 netball">Fast5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_netball" title="Indoor netball">indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_netball" title="Wheelchair netball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezball" title="Rezball">Rezball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringball" title="Ringball">Ringball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slamball" class="mw-redirect" title="Slamball">Slamball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Football" title="Football">Football</a><br />codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amputee_football" title="Amputee football">amputee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_soccer" title="Beach soccer">beach soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_football" title="Freestyle football">freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_soccer" title="Indoor soccer">Indoor soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minifootball" title="Minifootball">minifootball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_football" title="Paralympic football">paralympic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerchair_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Powerchair Football">powerchair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_soccer" title="Roller soccer">roller soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socca" title="Socca">socca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_football_(association_football)" title="Street football (association football)">street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teqball" title="Teqball">teqball‎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFLX" title="AFLX">AFLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_football" title="Lightning football">Lightning football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_footy" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro footy">Metro footy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-a-side_footy" title="Nine-a-side footy">Nine-a-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec_footy" title="Rec footy">Rec footy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football" title="Ladies' Gaelic football">Ladies'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_rules_football" title="Circle rules football">Circle rules football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gridiron_football" title="Gridiron football">Gridiron</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight-man_football" title="Eight-man football">eight-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-man_football" title="Nine-man football">nine-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-man_football" title="Six-man football">six-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_football" title="Sprint football">sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_football_(American)" title="Touch football (American)">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_Football_(American)" title="Wheelchair Football (American)">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hybrid_sports" title="List of hybrid sports">Hybrid</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austus" title="Austus">Austus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_wall_game" title="Eton wall game">Eton wall game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rules_football" title="International rules football">International rules football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_rules" title="Samoa rules">Samoa rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedball_(American_ball_game)" title="Speedball (American ball game)">Speedball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_football_(code)" title="Swedish football (code)">Swedish football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_football" title="Universal football">Universal football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volata" title="Volata">Volata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_football" title="Medieval football">Medieval/historical<br />football</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba game">Ba game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caid_(sport)" title="Caid (sport)">Caid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcio_Fiorentino" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcio Fiorentino">Calcio fiorentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camping_(game)" title="Camping (game)">Camping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpastum" title="Harpastum">Harpastum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemari" title="Kemari">Kemari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_soule" title="La soule">La soule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_burti" title="Lelo burti">Lelo burti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marn_Grook" title="Marn Grook">Marn grook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasuckuakohowog" title="Pasuckuakohowog">Pasuckuakohowog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shrovetide_Football" title="Royal Shrovetide Football">Royal Shrovetide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppies_and_Downies" title="Uppies and Downies">Uppies and downies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">Rugby</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masters_Rugby_League" title="Masters Rugby League">masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_league" title="Mod league">mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_nines" title="Rugby league nines">nines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_sevens" title="Rugby league sevens">sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby_league" title="Wheelchair rugby league">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_flag_rugby" title="American flag rugby">American flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_rugby" title="Beach rugby">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_rugby" title="Mini rugby">mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_rugby" title="Snow rugby">snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambo_rugby" title="Tambo rugby">Tambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_rugby" title="Touch rugby">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_tens" title="Rugby tens">tens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_X" title="Rugby X">X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_(sport)" title="Touch (sport)">Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby" title="Wheelchair rugby">Wheelchair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other related codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%AB-o-rahi" title="Kī-o-rahi">Kī-o-rahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jegichagi" title="Jegichagi">Jegichagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubi_lakpi" title="Yubi lakpi">Yubi lakpi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stick-and-ball<br />sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateball" title="Gateball">Gateball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li>Super11s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty%E2%80%93hurling" title="Composite rules shinty–hurling">Shinty–Hurling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_North_American_stickball" title="Indigenous North American stickball">Indigenous North American stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iomain" title="Iomain">Iomain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knattleikr" title="Knattleikr">Knattleikr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knotty" title="Knotty">Knotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_lacrosse" title="Box lacrosse">box/indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_lacrosse" title="Field lacrosse">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercrosse" title="Intercrosse">intercrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_lacrosse" title="Women's lacrosse">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritinis" title="Ritinis">Ritinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty%E2%80%93hurling" title="Composite rules shinty–hurling">Shinty–Hurling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">Hockey</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_hockey" title="Ball hockey">Ball hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">Bandy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rink_bandy" title="Rink bandy">rink</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomball" title="Broomball">Broomball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_hockey" title="Indoor hockey">indoor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_hockey" title="Floor hockey">Floor hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorball" title="Floorball">Floorball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pond_hockey" title="Pond hockey">pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_hockey" title="Power hockey">power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledge_hockey" title="Sledge hockey">ice sledge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringette" title="Ringette">Ringette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinkball" title="Rinkball">Rinkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey" title="Roller hockey">Roller hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roller_in-line_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller in-line hockey">in-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(quad)" title="Roller hockey (quad)">quad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossall_Hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossall Hockey">Rossall hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinny" title="Shinny">Shinny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_hockey" title="Street hockey">Street hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey" title="Underwater hockey">Underwater hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_hockey" title="Unicycle hockey">Unicycle hockey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_polo" title="Auto polo">Auto polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_polo" title="Cowboy polo">Cowboy polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_polo" title="Cycle polo">Cycle polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_polo" title="Elephant polo">Elephant polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobby_horse_polo" title="Hobby horse polo">Hobby horse polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseball" title="Horseball">Horseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motoball" title="Motoball">Motoball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pato" title="Pato">Pato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_polo" title="Arena polo">Arena polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chovgan" title="Chovgan">Chovgan</a></li> <li>Snow polo</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polocrosse" title="Polocrosse">Polocrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segway_polo" title="Segway polo">Segway polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak_polo" title="Yak polo">Yak polo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other ball sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angleball" title="Angleball">Angleball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_ball" title="Cycle ball">Cycle ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodgeball" title="Dodgeball">Dodgeball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flickerball" title="Flickerball">Flickerball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gain-ground" title="Gain-ground">Gain-ground</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balle_%C3%A0_la_main" title="Balle à la main">Balle à la main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballon_au_poing" title="Ballon au poing">Ballon au poing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeu_de_paume" title="Jeu de paume">Jeu de paume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longue_paume" title="Longue paume">Longue paume</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goalball" title="Goalball">Goalball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_handball" title="Beach handball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_handball" title="Czech handball">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_handball" title="Field handball">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_handball" title="Wheelchair handball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaatsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaatsen">Kaatsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin-Ball" title="Kin-Ball">Kin-Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagori" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagori">Lagori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" title="Mesoamerican ballgame">Mesoamerican ballgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelota_mixteca" title="Pelota mixteca">Pelota mixteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisonball" title="Prisonball">Prisonball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushball" title="Pushball">Pushball</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quidditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_ball" title="Roll ball">Roll ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamburello" title="Tamburello">Tamburello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchoukball" title="Tchoukball">Tchoukball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulama_(game)" title="Ulama (game)">Ulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_pilota" title="Valencian pilota">Valencian pilota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llargues" title="Llargues">Llargues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlyball" title="Whirlyball">Whirlyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukigassen" title="Yukigassen">Yukigassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bat-and-ball_games" title="Bat-and-ball games">Bat-and-ball<br />games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Variations_of_baseball" title="Variations of baseball">Baseball variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball5" title="Baseball5">Baseball5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A4nnboll" title="Brännboll">Brännboll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corkball" title="Corkball">Corkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickball" title="Kickball">Kickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matball" title="Matball">Matball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-line" title="Over-the-line">Over-the-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pes%C3%A4pallo" title="Pesäpallo">Pesäpallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlagball" title="Schlagball">Schlagball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fastpitch_softball" title="Fastpitch softball">Fastpitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_softball" title="16-inch softball">16-inch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickball_(street_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stickball (street game)">Stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitilla" title="Vitilla">Vitilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_baseball" title="British baseball">British baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="English baseball">English baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh baseball">Welsh baseball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiffle_ball" title="Wiffle ball">Wiffle ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_ball" title="Town ball">Town ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireball" title="Wireball">Wireball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forms_of_cricket" title="Forms of cricket">Cricket variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">One Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty20_International" title="Twenty20 International">Twenty20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_cricket" title="Indoor cricket">Indoor cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigoro" title="Vigoro">Vigoro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_longball" title="Danish longball">Danish longball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapta_(game)" title="Lapta (game)">Lapta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oin%C4%83" title="Oină">Oină</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoolball" title="Stoolball">Stoolball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Net_and_wall_games" title="Net and wall games">Net and wall games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_badminton" title="Ball badminton">Ball badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biribol" title="Biribol">Biribol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossaball" title="Bossaball">Bossaball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistball" title="Fistball">Fistball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fives" title="Fives">Fives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eton_fives" title="Eton fives">Eton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_fives" title="Rugby fives">Rugby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footbag_net" title="Footbag net">Footbag net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_tennis" title="Football tennis">Football tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footvolley" title="Footvolley">Footvolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianzi" title="Jianzi">Jianzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokgu" title="Jokgu">Jokgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcomb_ball" title="Newcomb ball">Newcomb ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peteca" title="Peteca">Peteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepak_takraw" title="Sepak takraw">Sepak takraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwball" title="Throwball">Throwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitting_volleyball" title="Sitting volleyball">sitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_volleyball" title="Standing volleyball">standing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball_variations#Pioneerball" title="Volleyball variations">pioneerball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_volleyball" title="Snow volleyball">snow</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tag_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag sports">Tag sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho_kho" title="Kho kho">Kho kho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chase_Tag" title="World Chase Tag">World Chase Tag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Water_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Water sports">Water sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">Synchronized swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_football" title="Underwater football">Underwater football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_rugby" title="Underwater rugby">Underwater rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">Water polo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_polo" title="Canoe polo">canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_tube_water_polo" title="Inner tube water polo">inner tube</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_racing" title="Yacht racing">Yacht racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other non-ball sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airsoft" title="Airsoft">Airsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo-taoshi" title="Bo-taoshi">Bo-taoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Buzkashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_(juggling)" title="Combat (juggling)">Combat (juggling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_curling" title="Wheelchair curling">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guts_(flying_disc_game)" title="Guts (flying disc game)">Guts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornussen" title="Hornussen">Hornussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jereed" title="Jereed">Jereed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makura-Nage" title="Makura-Nage">Makura-Nage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paintball" title="Paintball">Paintball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_derby" title="Roller derby">Roller derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_skating" title="Synchronized skating">Synchronized skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war" title="Tug of war">Tug of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">Ultimate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_Quidditch" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Quidditch" title="Template:Quidditch"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Quidditch" title="Template talk:Quidditch"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Quidditch" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Quidditch"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_Quidditch" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quidditch_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Quidditch_pictogram.svg/20px-Quidditch_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Quidditch_pictogram.svg/30px-Quidditch_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Quidditch_pictogram.svg/40px-Quidditch_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quidditch</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Quadball_Association" title="International Quadball Association">International Quadball Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National governing bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadball_in_Australia" title="Quadball in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Quidditch_Federation" title="Belgian Quidditch Federation">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quidditch_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Quidditch Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quidditch_Nederland" title="Quidditch Nederland">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuadballUK" title="QuadballUK">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Quadball" title="US Quadball">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IQA_World_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IQA_World_Map.svg/200px-IQA_World_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IQA_World_Map.svg/300px-IQA_World_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/IQA_World_Map.svg/400px-IQA_World_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1314" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IQA_World_Cup" title="IQA World Cup">World Cup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_IQA_Summer_Games" title="2012 IQA Summer Games">Oxford 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_IQA_Global_Games" title="2014 IQA Global Games">Burnaby 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_IQA_World_Cup" title="2016 IQA World Cup">Frankfurt 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_IQA_World_Cup" title="2018 IQA World Cup">Florence 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023_IQA_World_Cup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023 IQA World Cup (page does not exist)">Richmond 2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Games_(quidditch)" title="European Games (quidditch)">European Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_IQA_European_Games" title="2015 IQA European Games">Sarteano 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_IQA_European_Games" title="2017 IQA European Games">Oslo 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_IQA_European_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 IQA European Games (page does not exist)">Bamberg 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022_IQA_European_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2022 IQA European Games (page does not exist)">Limerick 2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-American_Games_(quidditch)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan-American Games (quidditch) (page does not exist)">Pan-American Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_IQA_Pan-American_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 IQA Pan-American Games (page does not exist)">Richmond 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022_IQA_Pan-American_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2022 IQA Pan-American Games (page does not exist)">Lima 2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Club competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asian_Quidditch_Cup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asian Quidditch Cup (page does not exist)">Asian Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Quidditch_Cup" title="European Quidditch Cup">European Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Quidditch_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="British Quidditch Cup">British Cup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_Cups" title="Northern and Southern Cups">Northern and Southern Cups</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/US_Quidditch_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="US Quidditch Cup">US Cup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IQA_World_Cup_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IQA World Cup I (page does not exist)">I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IQA_World_Cup_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IQA World Cup II (page does not exist)">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IQA_World_Cup_III" title="IQA World Cup III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IQA_World_Cup_IV" title="IQA World Cup IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IQA_World_Cup_V" title="IQA World Cup V">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IQA_World_Cup_VI" title="IQA World Cup VI">VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IQA_World_Cup_VII" title="IQA World Cup VII">VII</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Quidditch_World_Cup_8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Quidditch World Cup 8 (page does not exist)">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Quidditch_Cup_9" title="US Quidditch Cup 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Quidditch_Cup_10" title="US Quidditch Cup 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Quidditch_Cup_11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Quidditch Cup 11 (page does not exist)">11</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Quidditch_Cup_12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Quidditch Cup 12 (page does not exist)">12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Quidditch_Cup_13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Quidditch Cup 13 (page does not exist)">13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Quidditch_Cup_14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Quidditch Cup 14 (page does not exist)">14</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Quidditch_Cup_15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Quidditch Cup 15 (page does not exist)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Quadball_Cup_16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Quadball Cup 16 (page does not exist)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Quadball_Cup_17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Quadball Cup 17 (page does not exist)">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-IQA leagues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Quadball" title="Major League Quadball">Major League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quidditch_Premier_League" title="Quidditch Premier League">Premier League</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadball_Nations_Cup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quadball Nations Cup (page does not exist)">Quadball Nations Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia_national_quadball_team" title="Australia national quadball team">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_national_quidditch_team" title="Belgium national quidditch team">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_national_quidditch_team" title="Canada national quidditch team">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_quidditch_team" title="Spain national quidditch team">Spain</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_national_quidditch_team" title="United Kingdom national quidditch team">United Kingdom</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England_national_quadball_team" title="England national quadball team">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_national_quadball_team" title="Scotland national quadball team">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wales_national_quadball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wales national quadball team (page does not exist)">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_national_quidditch_team" title="United States national quidditch team">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Quidditch_Club" title="Oxford University Quidditch Club">Oxford University QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wollongong_Warriors" title="Wollongong Warriors">Wollongong Warriors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quidditch" title="Quidditch">Magical Quidditch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quidditch_in_Canada" title="Quidditch in Canada">Quidditch in Canada</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quadball_in_Australia" title="Quadball in Australia">Quidditch in Australia</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2701632#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2701632#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2701632#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1986506/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td 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