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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eligibility_to_be_a_justice_of_the_Supreme_Court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eligibility_to_be_a_justice_of_the_Supreme_Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Eligibility to be a justice of the Supreme Court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eligibility_to_be_a_justice_of_the_Supreme_Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Creation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Creation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Creation subsection</span> </button> <ul 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id="toc-Appointments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Appointments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Building</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the court established in 2004. For an earlier Supreme Court, see <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="High Court of New Zealand">High Court of New Zealand</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #Ededed;">Supreme Court of New Zealand</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>Te Kōti Mana Nui</i> (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/225px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="699" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand" title="Coat of arms of New Zealand">Coat of arms of New Zealand</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_Supreme_Court_entrance_2015.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/New_Zealand_Supreme_Court_entrance_2015.JPG/220px-New_Zealand_Supreme_Court_entrance_2015.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/New_Zealand_Supreme_Court_entrance_2015.JPG/330px-New_Zealand_Supreme_Court_entrance_2015.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/New_Zealand_Supreme_Court_entrance_2015.JPG/440px-New_Zealand_Supreme_Court_entrance_2015.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1844" data-file-height="1190" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Entrance to Supreme Court building in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_eb96e92d29f016f68d4fa61877e6686ff19de891"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&revid=1258620108&groups=_eb96e92d29f016f68d4fa61877e6686ff19de891" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&revid=1258620108&groups=_eb96e92d29f016f68d4fa61877e6686ff19de891 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 2004</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">85 Lambton Quay, <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, New Zealand</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composition method</th><td class="infobox-data">Appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a> on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy in New Zealand">King Charles III</a> on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> (chief justice) and <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney-General of New Zealand">Attorney-General</a> (justices)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources in the body of the article. (July 2024)">not verified in body</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authorised by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Senior_Courts_Act_2016" title="Senior Courts Act 2016">Senior Courts Act 2016</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judge term length</th><td class="infobox-data">Retire at age of 70 years (<a href="/wiki/Senior_Courts_Act_2016" title="Senior Courts Act 2016">Senior Courts Act 2016</a>, s 133)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of positions</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/the-courts/supreme-court/">www<wbr />.courtsofnz<wbr />.govt<wbr />.nz<wbr />/the-courts<wbr />/supreme-court<wbr />/</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355832#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #Ededed;">Chief Justice</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currently</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Winkelmann" title="Helen Winkelmann">Dame Helen Winkelmann</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Since</th><td 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics of New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/188px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="699" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">Constitution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">Monarch</a> <dl><dd>King <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></span></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="List of governors-general of New Zealand">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Kiro" title="Cindy Kiro">Cindy Kiro</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">Executive Government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_governments" title="List of New Zealand governments">List of governments</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth National Government of New Zealand">current</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers_in_the_New_Zealand_Government" title="Ministers in the New Zealand Government">Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_New_Zealand" title="Executive Council of New Zealand">Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_sector_organisations_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Public sector organisations in New Zealand">State services departments</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/54th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="54th New Zealand Parliament">54th New Zealand Parliament</a></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Brownlee" title="Gerry Brownlee">Gerry Brownlee</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Official Opposition (New Zealand)">Official Opposition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_electorates" title="New Zealand electorates">Electorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand" title="Electoral system of New Zealand">Electoral system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform_in_New_Zealand" title="Electoral reform in New Zealand">Electoral reform</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(New_Zealand)" title="Electoral Commission (New Zealand)">Electoral Commission</a></li> <li>Recent elections: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2014_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2014 New Zealand general election">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2017 New Zealand general election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2020_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2020 New Zealand general election">2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2023 New Zealand general election">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Local: <a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2013 New Zealand local elections">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2016 New Zealand local elections">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2019 New Zealand local elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2022 New Zealand local elections">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_New_Zealand" title="Referendums in New Zealand">Referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_New_Zealand" title="Political funding in New Zealand">Political funding and election expenses</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Zealand" title="Judiciary of New Zealand">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Supreme Court</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_Zealand" title="Chief Justice of New Zealand">Chief Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Helen_Winkelmann" title="Helen Winkelmann">Helen Winkelmann</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_New_Zealand" title="Court of Appeal of New Zealand">Court of Appeal</a> <dl><dd>President: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Cooper_(judge)" title="Mark Cooper (judge)">Mark Cooper</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="High Court of New Zealand">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="District Court of New Zealand">District Court</a></li> <li>Other courts: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employment_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Employment Court of New Zealand">Employment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Environment_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Environment Court of New Zealand">Environment</a></li></ul></div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>Courts Martial Appeal</li></ul></div> <div class="hlist" style="white-space:nowrap;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Land_Court" title="Māori Land Court">Māori Land</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Waitangi_Tribunal" title="Waitangi Tribunal">Waitangi Tribunal</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Law of New Zealand">Law of New Zealand</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand" title="Local government in New Zealand">Local government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayors_in_New_Zealand" title="Mayors in New Zealand">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_in_New_Zealand" title="Community boards in New Zealand">Community boards</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_New_Zealand" title="Foreign relations of New Zealand">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade_(New_Zealand)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (New Zealand)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Peters" title="Winston Peters">Winston Peters</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_New_Zealand" title="List of diplomatic missions of New Zealand">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_New_Zealand" title="List of diplomatic missions in New Zealand">in New Zealand</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_passport" title="New Zealand passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_New_Zealand_citizens" title="Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_New_Zealand" title="Visa policy of New Zealand">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_and_the_United_Nations" title="New Zealand and the United Nations">New Zealand and the United Nations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_politics_in_New_Zealand" title="Christian politics in New Zealand">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_conservatism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic conservatism in New Zealand">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_New_Zealand" title="Environmental movement in New Zealand">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascism in New Zealand">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_New_Zealand" title="Feminism in New Zealand">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_liberalism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic liberalism in New Zealand">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism_in_New_Zealand" title="Populism in New Zealand">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_New_Zealand" title="Republicanism in New Zealand">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_New_Zealand" title="Socialism in New Zealand">Socialism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Political history of New Zealand">Political history of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_voting_in_New_Zealand" title="History of voting in New Zealand">History of voting in New Zealand</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Māori politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nuclear-free_zone" title="New Zealand nuclear-free zone">Nuclear-free zone</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">New Zealand portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Template:Politics of New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Template talk:Politics of New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Supreme Court of New Zealand</b> (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>: <i lang="mi">Te Kōti Mana Nui</i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Court of Great <a href="/wiki/Mana_(Oceanian_cultures)" title="Mana (Oceanian cultures)">Mana</a>') is the highest court and the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_last_resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of last resort">court of last resort</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. It formally came into being on 1 January 2004 and sat for the first time on 1 July 2004. It replaced the right of appeal to the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a>, based in London. It was created with the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Act_2003" title="Supreme Court Act 2003">Supreme Court Act 2003</a>, on 15 October 2003. At the time, the creation of the Supreme Court and the abolition of appeals to the Privy Council were controversial constitutional changes in New Zealand. The Supreme Court Act 2003 was repealed on 1 March 2017 and superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Senior_Courts_Act_2016" title="Senior Courts Act 2016">Senior Courts Act 2016</a>. </p><p>The current Supreme Court should not be confused with the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="High Court of New Zealand">High Court of New Zealand</a>, which was known as the Supreme Court until 1980. The High Court, New Zealand’s <a href="/wiki/Superior_court" title="Superior court">superior court</a>, was established in 1841 as the “Supreme Court of New Zealand”. Its name was changed in anticipation of the eventual creation of this final court of appeal within New Zealand. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inaugural bench (with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_Zealand" title="Chief Justice of New Zealand">chief justice</a>, who had automatic appointment) were the most senior judges of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Court_of_Appeal" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Court of Appeal">New Zealand Court of Appeal</a> at the time. Their appointment to the new court was said to have been based on seniority and merit. The maximum bench under statute is six judges.<sup id="cite_ref-young_appointment_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-young_appointment-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several acting judges have also been appointed to sit whenever a permanent judge was unable to do so due to illness or a conflict of interest. These judges were appointed from the retired judges of the Court of Appeal and have included Justices Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_(judge)" title="John Henry (judge)">John Henry</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Ted_Thomas_(judge)" title="Ted Thomas (judge)">Ted Thomas</a>, former President of the Court of Appeal Sir <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richardson" title="Ivor Richardson">Ivor Richardson</a> and former Chief Justice Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eichelbaum" title="Thomas Eichelbaum">Thomas Eichelbaum</a>. Acting judges only sit on substantive appeals, and not applications for leave, due to the requirement for appeals to be heard <a href="/wiki/En_banc" title="En banc">en banc</a> by five judges. </p><p>On 4 May 2005, <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_(New_Zealand)" title="Attorney-General (New Zealand)">Attorney-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cullen_(politician)" title="Michael Cullen (politician)">Michael Cullen</a> announced the appointment of Justice Sir <a href="/wiki/John_McGrath_(judge)" title="John McGrath (judge)">John McGrath</a> of the Court of Appeal to the Supreme Court bench as its sixth permanent judge. On 21 February 2006, the Honourable Sir <a href="/wiki/Noel_Anderson" title="Noel Anderson">Noel Anderson</a> (at the time President of the Court of Appeal) was appointed to the Supreme Court. Thus the promotion of the most senior Court of Appeal member continued. This practice was broken with the appointment of Justice <a href="/wiki/Bill_Wilson_(judge)" title="Bill Wilson (judge)">Bill Wilson</a> in December 2007 after having served less than a year as a judge of the Court of Appeal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eligibility_to_be_a_justice_of_the_Supreme_Court">Eligibility to be a justice of the Supreme Court</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Eligibility to be a justice of the Supreme Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under section 94 of the Senior Courts Act 2016 an existing judge can only be appointed a Supreme Court justice if already a member of the Court of Appeal or the High Court. If the person is not a member of either of those courts, the candidate must be appointed as a High Court judge at the same time as taking office in the Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Act_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creation">Creation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the suggestion of ending appeals to the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Privy Council</a> had been around since the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_Adoption_Act_1947" title="Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947">Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-hansard_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hansard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proposals to end appeals to the Privy Council began in the late 1970s, when a Royal Commission on the judiciary canvassed arguments for replacing the Privy Council.<sup id="cite_ref-public_policy_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-public_policy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1980s, Minister of Justice <a href="/wiki/Jim_McLay" title="Jim McLay">Jim McLay</a> suggested their abolition.<sup id="cite_ref-building_const_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-building_const-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proposals for an indigenous final appellate court can be traced back to 1985. In 1996, Attorney-General <a href="/wiki/Paul_East" title="Paul East">Paul East</a> proposed to end the status of the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Privy Council</a> as the country's highest court of appeal. The proposal got as far as a bill being introduced into Parliament. However, this bill met with little support from within the National Party, and the bill was not carried over by the next Parliament following the <a href="/wiki/1996_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1996 New Zealand general election">1996 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-building_const_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-building_const-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The policy was resurrected in 1999 by the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand">Fifth Labour Government</a>. A discussion paper, <i>Reshaping New Zealand's Appeal Structure</i> attracted 70 submissions.<sup id="cite_ref-public_policy_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-public_policy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year later a Ministerial Action Group was formed to assist Ministers in designing the purpose, structure and make-up of a final court of appeal. The Group's report, <i>Replacing the Privy Council: A New Supreme Court</i> was published in April 2002,<sup id="cite_ref-report2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before the general election a few months later.<sup id="cite_ref-public_policy_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-public_policy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 December 2002, after the Labour government's re-election at the <a href="/wiki/2002_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2002 New Zealand general election">2002 general election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_(New_Zealand)" title="Attorney-General (New Zealand)">Attorney-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Wilson" title="Margaret Wilson">Margaret Wilson</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Act_2003" title="Supreme Court Act 2003">Supreme Court Bill</a> to create the Supreme Court and abolish appeals to the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Privy Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-public_policy_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-public_policy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Campaign for the Privy Council was established to lobby against the abolition of appeals. Many business and community groups joined the opposition to the ending of appeals. The <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy New Zealand">Monarchist League of New Zealand</a> opposed the abolition of appeals, stating: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Most lawyers are opposed to the abolition of appeals to the Privy Council, and doubtless will continue to do so until a more satisfactory justification is given for the abandonment of a tribunal which costs the New Zealand taxpayer nothing, and which gives us access to some of the finest legal minds in the common law world. Many Maori also see this proposal as a retrograde step, both by removing an impartial tribunal to which they have hitherto been able to appeal, and by cutting another link with the Crown.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Wilson" title="Margaret Wilson">Margaret Wilson</a> argued in favour of the bill, stating: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When reviewing the legal needs of the community appeals to the Privy Council seemed increasingly anomalous. It was anomalous because of the narrow range of cases that actually were appealed to the Privy Council. The Privy Council itself recognised that some cases it considered were better settled by a New Zealand court and referred back for decision. Its precedent value was therefore quite limited. Few cases got to the Privy Council because of the costs involved, and because in some areas, such as employment and environment law, the statutes barred such appeals.<sup id="cite_ref-wilson_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilson-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_High_Court_and_Supreme_Court_Wellington_New_Zealand_2015.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Old_High_Court_and_Supreme_Court_Wellington_New_Zealand_2015.JPG/220px-Old_High_Court_and_Supreme_Court_Wellington_New_Zealand_2015.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Old_High_Court_and_Supreme_Court_Wellington_New_Zealand_2015.JPG/330px-Old_High_Court_and_Supreme_Court_Wellington_New_Zealand_2015.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Old_High_Court_and_Supreme_Court_Wellington_New_Zealand_2015.JPG/440px-Old_High_Court_and_Supreme_Court_Wellington_New_Zealand_2015.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1131" /></a><figcaption>Old High Court and Supreme Court of New Zealand in Wellington in 2015.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Select_committee">Select committee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Select committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At select committee, the bill attracted numerous submissions for and against creating the Supreme Court. Notable supporters of the Supreme Court were former President of the Court of Appeal, Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, and Privy Councillor <a href="/wiki/Robin_Cooke,_Baron_Cooke_of_Thorndon" title="Robin Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon">Lord Cooke of Thorndon</a> and former Prime Minister Sir <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Geoffrey Palmer</a>, while most senior lawyers were opposed to the change.<sup id="cite_ref-public_policy_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-public_policy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Monarchist League complained the majority of members of the select committee were motivated by a "republican agenda".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opposition parties had called unsuccessfully for a national referendum on the creation of the Supreme Court. While the bill was before the select committee, Auckland lawyer Dennis J Gates launched a petition for a non-binding <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_New_Zealand#Citizens_initiated_referendums" title="Referendums in New Zealand">citizens initiated referendum</a> on 3 April 2003, asking the question "Should all rights of appeal to the Privy Council be abolished?".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The petition failed to gain the 310,000 signatures of registered electors needed and lapsed on 2 July 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_reading">Third reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Third reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Supreme Court Bill passed its third reading 63 to 53.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The governing <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Progressive_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Progressive Party">Progressive</a> parties, supported by the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand">Greens</a>, voted in favour, while the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_First" title="New Zealand First">New Zealand First</a>, <a href="/wiki/ACT_New_Zealand" title="ACT New Zealand">ACT New Zealand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Future_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="United Future New Zealand">United Future</a> parties voted against. It received Royal Assent on 17 October 2003, with commencement on 1 January 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_changes">Later changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, National leader <a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">John Key</a> (then the leader of the opposition) ruled out any abolition of the Supreme Court and return to the Privy Council.<sup id="cite_ref-key_pc_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-key_pc-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Key Government eventually repealed the Supreme Court Act 2003 and replaced it with the Senior Courts Act 2016, as part of a modernisation of judicature legislation. The reform was supported by National, Labour, the Greens, the Māori Party, ACT and United Future, and was opposed by New Zealand First.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appointments">Appointments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Appointments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One issue that was particularly contentious as the bill was being debated in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Parliament</a> was the appointment of judges to the court, with opposition parties claiming that the Attorney-General would make partisan choices.<sup id="cite_ref-wilson_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilson-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These concerns were because the entire bench was to be appointed simultaneously, and no clear statement had been made about how they would be selected. However, the level of concern was considerably lessened when Wilson announced that the appointments would be based on merit and seniority. Appointments to the court were expected and unsurprising. The most senior justices on the Court of Appeal were appointed to the new court. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cases">Cases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cases_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="List of cases of the Supreme Court of New Zealand">List of cases of the Supreme Court of New Zealand</a></div> <p>One of the grounds advanced for the creation of the court was that it would allow more people to have access to the country's highest <a href="/wiki/Appellate" class="mw-redirect" title="Appellate">appellate</a> court. From 1851 until 2002, the Privy Council made 268 decisions relating to New Zealand. In the ten years from 1992–2002, only 21 decisions had been allowed with respect to New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-report2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Supreme Court hears many more cases than were heard by the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a> due to its jurisdiction being considerably broader. For example, cases in the areas of employment, criminal and family law can be heard by the Supreme Court, whereas previously cases in both areas of law could normally progress no further than the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_New_Zealand" title="Court of Appeal of New Zealand">Court of Appeal</a>. The proximity of the court is another factor that is likely to contribute to it hearing an increased number of appeals and also allows appeals to be heard and determined considerably faster than under the former system. </p><p>The court has heard many applications for <a href="/wiki/Leave_to_appeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Leave to appeal">leave</a>. It has also heard many substantive appeals. Notable substantive cases include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgan_v_Superintendent_of_Rimutaka_Prison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morgan v Superintendent of Rimutaka Prison (page does not exist)">Morgan v Superintendent of Rimutaka Prison</a></i> [2005] 3 NZLR 1 (retrospective penalties).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bryson_v_Three_Foot_Six_Ltd" title="Bryson v Three Foot Six Ltd">Bryson v Three Foot Six Ltd</a></i> [2005] NZSC 34 (determination of employee or contractor status).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zaoui_v_Attorney-General_(No_2)" title="Zaoui v Attorney-General (No 2)">Zaoui v Attorney-General (No 2)</a></i> [2006] 1 NZLR 289 (human rights of refugees in relation to national security).</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=R_v_L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R v L (page does not exist)">R v L</a></i> [2006] 3 NZLR 291 (mens rea of attempted sexual violation).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brooker_v_Police" title="Brooker v Police">Brooker v Police</a></i> [2007] NZSC 30 (test for disorderly behaviour under section 4(1)(a) of the Summary Offences Act 1981.)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lai_v_Chamberlains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lai v Chamberlains (page does not exist)">Lai v Chamberlains</a></i> [2007] 2 NZLR 7 (immunity of barristers from suit).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taunoa_v_Attorney-General" title="Taunoa v Attorney-General">Taunoa v Attorney-General</a></i> [2008] 1 NZLR 429 (remedies for Bill of Rights breach).</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=R_v_Hansen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R v Hansen (page does not exist)">R v Hansen</a></i> [2007] 3 NZLR 1 (burden of proof and evidential burden under Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 in relation to Bill of Rights).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahomed_v_R" title="Mahomed v R">Mahomed v R</a></i> [2011] NZSC 52 (admissibility of propensity evidence in criminal prosecutions).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamed_v_R" title="Hamed v R"><i>Hamed & Ors. v R</i></a> [2011] NZSC 101 (admissibility of video surveillance obtained during criminal trespass).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taueki_v_R" title="Taueki v R">Taueki v R</a></i> [2013] NZSC 146 (meaning of the phrase "in peaceable possession" as it relates to the Crimes Act 1961),</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Defence_Society_v_New_Zealand_King_Salmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Defence Society v New Zealand King Salmon">Environmental Defence Society v New Zealand King Salmon</a></i> [2014] NZSC 38 (interpretation of the Resource Management Act).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paki_v_Attorney-General_(No_2)" title="Paki v Attorney-General (No 2)">Paki v Attorney-General (No 2)</a></i> [2014] NZSC 118 ("usque ad medium filum aquae" only applies where consistent with Maori custom)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Booth_v_R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Booth v R (page does not exist)">Booth v R</a></i> [2016] NZSC 127, [2017] 1 NZLR 223 (determination of correct calculation for prisoner release dates)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Health_New_Zealand_Incorporated_v_South_Taranaki_District_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Health New Zealand Incorporated v South Taranaki District Council (page does not exist)">New Health New Zealand Incorporated v South Taranaki District Council</a></i> [2018] NZSC 59, [2018] NZSC 60 (legality of water fluoridation)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ellis_(childcare_worker)" title="Peter Ellis (childcare worker)">Peter Hugh McGregor Ellis</a> v The King</i> [2022] NZSC 114 (overturning of Ellis' conviction)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Make_It_16_Incorporated_v_Attorney-General" title="Make It 16 Incorporated v Attorney-General">Make It 16 Incorporated v Attorney-General</a></i> [2022] NZSC 134 (the minimum voting age of 18 years is inconsistent with the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Bill_of_Rights_Act_1990" title="New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990">New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building">Building</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand_building_June_2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand_building_June_2012.JPG/280px-Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand_building_June_2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand_building_June_2012.JPG/420px-Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand_building_June_2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand_building_June_2012.JPG/560px-Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand_building_June_2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The Supreme Court building in Wellington</figcaption></figure> <p>The Supreme Court sits in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>. Until the court's new $80.7 million home was built—beside and expanding into the historic High Court building—the court was housed in temporary facilities located in the High Court in Wellington with offices located in <a href="/wiki/Old_Government_Buildings,_Wellington" title="Old Government Buildings, Wellington">Old Government Buildings</a>. The building was formally opened on 18 January 2010 by <a href="/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince William, Duke of Cambridge">Prince William</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The upper portion of the building's exterior is surrounded by a bronze screen and red glass facade. The forms were inspired by the intertwining of <a href="/wiki/Metrosideros_robusta" title="Metrosideros robusta">rātā</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pohutukawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pohutukawa">pohutukawa</a> trees. The interior follows a similar theme; the court room is oval shaped with tiled walls mimicking the shape of a <a href="/wiki/Kauri" class="mw-redirect" title="Kauri">kauri</a> cone.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leave">Leave</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Leave"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Supreme Court of New Zealand">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Unlike final appellate courts in some other countries, there is no automatic right of appeal to the Supreme Court of New Zealand. All appeals are by leave granted by the Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Act_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Act-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No lower courts may grant leave to appeal. Leave is granted or declined based on a number of factors listed in section 74 of the Senior Courts Act, with the overarching principle being that it must be necessary in the interests of justice for the court to hear the appeal. Leave applications may be determined by any two permanent judges of the court based on the written submission of the parties without an oral hearing; however, they are normally determined by a panel of three. The judges determining the application can decide to hold an oral hearing if they wish. </p><p>This system is also in place in the United Kingdom where the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court of the United Kingdom</a>, the highest court of appeal in the United Kingdom, also must grant leave for appeal for cases to be heard before it. The same is true for appeals to the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Final_Appeal_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong)">Court of Final Appeal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. Similarly, most litigants seeking to appeal to the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_South_Africa" title="Constitutional Court of South Africa">Constitutional Court of South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court of Canada</a> or <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a> require leave before their case can be heard – although there are some exceptions to this in the latter three courts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_to_the_Privy_Council_and_criticism">Comparison to the Privy Council and criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Comparison to the Privy Council and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since its foundation, the Supreme Court has been subject to "unprecedented public criticism". The quality of several Supreme Court judgments have been criticised in New Zealand and overseas, and concerns expressed about the impact on the country's case law and international reputation. The major criticisms are the Supreme Court's lack of experience and its membership being drawn initially from the Court of Appeal. Defenders of the court argue that it has provided easier access to the courts. They also note that the argument that the court would not be independent has been disproved by the Supreme Court's willingness to overrule decisions of the Court of Appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-herald_criticism_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herald_criticism-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to discontinuation the Privy Council heard up to 12 cases from New Zealand a year. From its creation through May 2012, the Supreme Court heard an average of 29 substantive appeals annually.<sup id="cite_ref-herald_criticism_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herald_criticism-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judges">Judges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Judges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_judges">Current judges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Current judges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Judge </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Mandatory retirement<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_Zealand" title="Chief Justice of New Zealand">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Helen_Winkelmann" title="Helen Winkelmann">Dame Helen Winkelmann</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helen_Winkelmann_151sm_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Helen_Winkelmann_151sm_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Helen_Winkelmann_151sm_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Helen_Winkelmann_151sm_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Helen_Winkelmann_151sm_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Helen_Winkelmann_151sm_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Helen_Winkelmann_151sm_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="460" /></a></span> </td> <td>14 March 2019 </td> <td>2032 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Justice <a href="/wiki/Susan_Glazebrook" title="Susan Glazebrook">Dame Susan Glazebrook</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Susan_Glazebrook_DNZM_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Susan_Glazebrook_DNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Susan_Glazebrook_DNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Susan_Glazebrook_DNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Susan_Glazebrook_DNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Susan_Glazebrook_DNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Susan_Glazebrook_DNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="405" /></a></span> </td> <td>6 August 2012<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2026 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Justice <a href="/wiki/Ellen_France" title="Ellen France">Dame Ellen France</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellen_France_DNZM_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ellen_France_DNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Ellen_France_DNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ellen_France_DNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Ellen_France_DNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ellen_France_DNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Ellen_France_DNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="917" /></a></span> </td> <td>22 July 2016<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2026 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Justice <a href="/wiki/Joe_Williams_(judge)" title="Joe Williams (judge)">Sir Joe Williams</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Williams_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Joe_Williams_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Joe_Williams_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Joe_Williams_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Joe_Williams_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Joe_Williams_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Joe_Williams_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="894" /></a></span> </td> <td>2 May 2019<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2031 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Justice <a href="/wiki/Stephen_K%C3%B3s" title="Stephen Kós">Sir Stephen Kós</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_Kos_KNZM_(tight_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stephen_Kos_KNZM_%28tight_crop%29.jpg/60px-Stephen_Kos_KNZM_%28tight_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stephen_Kos_KNZM_%28tight_crop%29.jpg/90px-Stephen_Kos_KNZM_%28tight_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stephen_Kos_KNZM_%28tight_crop%29.jpg/120px-Stephen_Kos_KNZM_%28tight_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td>22 April 2022<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2029 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Justice <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Miller" title="Forrest Miller">Forrest Miller</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>20 December 2023<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2027 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_judges">Former judges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Former judges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Judge </th> <th class="unsortable">Portrait </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Elias">Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Sian_Elias" title="Sian Elias">Dame Sian Elias</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sian_Elias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Sian_Elias.jpg/59px-Sian_Elias.jpg" decoding="async" width="59" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Sian_Elias.jpg/89px-Sian_Elias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Sian_Elias.jpg/119px-Sian_Elias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="257" /></a></span> </td> <td>1 January 2004<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>12 March 2019<sup id="cite_ref-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Gault">Justice <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gault" title="Thomas Gault">Sir Thomas Gault</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 January 2004<sup id="cite_ref-InitialAppts_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InitialAppts-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>8 April 2006<sup id="cite_ref-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Keith">Justice <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Keith" title="Kenneth Keith">Sir Kenneth Keith</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenneth_Keith_ONZ_2007_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Kenneth_Keith_ONZ_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg/61px-Kenneth_Keith_ONZ_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="61" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Kenneth_Keith_ONZ_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg/92px-Kenneth_Keith_ONZ_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Kenneth_Keith_ONZ_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg/123px-Kenneth_Keith_ONZ_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="767" /></a></span> </td> <td>1 January 2004<sup id="cite_ref-InitialAppts_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InitialAppts-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>18 November 2005<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Blanchard">Justice <a href="/wiki/Peter_Blanchard" title="Peter Blanchard">Sir Peter Blanchard</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 January 2004<sup id="cite_ref-InitialAppts_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InitialAppts-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>24 June 2012<sup id="cite_ref-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Tipping">Justice <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tipping" title="Andrew Tipping">Sir Andrew Tipping</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 January 2004<sup id="cite_ref-InitialAppts_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InitialAppts-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>21 August 2012<sup id="cite_ref-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="McGrath">Justice <a href="/wiki/John_McGrath_(judge)" title="John McGrath (judge)">Sir John McGrath</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>3 May 2005<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>9 March 2015<sup id="cite_ref-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Anderson">Justice <a href="/wiki/Noel_Anderson" title="Noel Anderson">Sir Noel Anderson</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>16 February 2006<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5 May 2008<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Wilson"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Wilson_(judge)" title="Bill Wilson (judge)">Bill Wilson</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 February 2008<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5 November 2010<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Young">Justice <a href="/wiki/William_Young_(judge)" title="William Young (judge)">Sir William Young</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Young_2020_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/William_Young_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-William_Young_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/William_Young_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-William_Young_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/William_Young_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-William_Young_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> </td> <td>1 July 2010<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>13 April 2022<sup id="cite_ref-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Chambers">Justice <a href="/wiki/Robert_Chambers_(New_Zealand_judge)" title="Robert Chambers (New Zealand judge)">Sir Robert Chambers</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 February 2012<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>21 May 2013<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Arnold">Justice <a href="/wiki/Terence_Arnold" title="Terence Arnold">Sir Terence Arnold</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Terence_Arnold_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Terence_Arnold_%28cropped%29.jpg/55px-Terence_Arnold_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="55" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Terence_Arnold_%28cropped%29.jpg/83px-Terence_Arnold_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Terence_Arnold_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-Terence_Arnold_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="375" /></a></span> </td> <td>10 June 2013<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>12 April 2017<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="O'Regan">Justice <a href="/wiki/Mark_O%27Regan" title="Mark O'Regan">Sir Mark O'Regan</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_O%27Regan_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Mark_O%27Regan_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Mark_O%27Regan_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Mark_O%27Regan_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Mark_O%27Regan_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Mark_O%27Regan_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Mark_O%27Regan_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="408" /></a></span> </td> <td>1 September 2014<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>29 November 2023<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Zealand" title="Judiciary of New Zealand">Judiciary of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">Constitution of New Zealand</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-young_appointment-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-young_appointment_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChris_Finlayson2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Finlayson" title="Chris Finlayson">Chris Finlayson</a> (9 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101120134801/http://beehive.govt.nz/release/new+supreme+court+judge+and+court+appeal+president+announced">"New Supreme Court judge and Court of Appeal President announced"</a>. Beehive. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new+supreme+court+judge+and+court+appeal+president+announced">the original</a> on 20 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Supreme+Court+judge+and+Court+of+Appeal+President+announced&rft.pub=Beehive&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft.au=Chris+Finlayson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beehive.govt.nz%2Frelease%2Fnew%2Bsupreme%2Bcourt%2Bjudge%2Band%2Bcourt%2Bappeal%2Bpresident%2Bannounced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2016_Act-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2016_Act_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2016_Act_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2016/0048/47.0/DLM5759262.html">"Senior Courts Act 2016 No 48, Public Act Contents"</a>. <i>legislation.govt.nz</i>. Parliamentary Counsel Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legislation.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Senior+Courts+Act+2016+No+48%2C+Public+Act+Contents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F2016%2F0048%2F47.0%2FDLM5759262.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hansard-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hansard_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>New Zealand Parliamentary Debates, Volume 279 (17 October – 27 November)</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">Clerk of the House of Representatives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Parliamentary+Debates%2C+Volume+279+%2817+October+%E2%80%93+27+November%29&rft.pub=Clerk+of+the+House+of+Representatives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-public_policy-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-public_policy_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-public_policy_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-public_policy_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-public_policy_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-public_policy_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Eichbaum,_Richard_Shaw2005" class="citation book cs1">Chris Eichbaum, Richard Shaw (2005). <i>Public Policy in New Zealand – Institutions, Processes and Outcomes</i>. Pearson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-877258-93-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-877258-93-8"><bdi>1-877258-93-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Policy+in+New+Zealand+%E2%80%93+Institutions%2C+Processes+and+Outcomes&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-877258-93-8&rft.au=Chris+Eichbaum%2C+Richard+Shaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-building_const-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-building_const_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-building_const_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColin_James2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Colin_James_(journalist)" title="Colin James (journalist)">Colin James</a>, ed. (2000), <i>Building The Constitution</i>, Institute of Policy Studies, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a>, p. 162</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+The+Constitution&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Institute+of+Policy+Studies%2C+Victoria+University+of+Wellington&rft.date=2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-report2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-report2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-report2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100522193536/http://www.crownlaw.govt.nz/uploads/JusticePCReport.pdf">"Replacing the Privy Council: A New Supreme Court"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(New_Zealand)" title="Ministry of Justice (New Zealand)">New Zealand</a>. April 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crownlaw.govt.nz/uploads/JusticePCReport.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Replacing+the+Privy+Council%3A+A+New+Supreme+Court&rft.pub=New+Zealand&rft.date=2002-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crownlaw.govt.nz%2Fuploads%2FJusticePCReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonarchist_League_of_New_Zealand2002" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy New Zealand">Monarchist League of New Zealand</a> (9 December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO0212/S00072.htm">"Monarchist League Against Supreme Court Law"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monarchist+League+Against+Supreme+Court+Law&rft.date=2002-12-09&rft.au=Monarchist+League+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoop.co.nz%2Fstories%2FPO0212%2FS00072.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wilson-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wilson_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wilson_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargaret_Wilson" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Wilson" title="Margaret Wilson">Margaret Wilson</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzuklinkfoundation.org/uploads/files/20101101_Who_Makes_the_Law_Lecture_Final_Script_(2).pdf">"Who Makes the Law? The Role of the Supreme Court in New Zealand's Constitutional Arrangements"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+Makes+the+Law%3F+The+Role+of+the+Supreme+Court+in+New+Zealand%27s+Constitutional+Arrangements&rft.au=Margaret+Wilson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzuklinkfoundation.org%2Fuploads%2Ffiles%2F20101101_Who_Makes_the_Law_Lecture_Final_Script_%282%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonarchist_League_of_New_Zealand2003" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy New Zealand">Monarchist League of New Zealand</a> (17 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO0309/S00112/monarchists-disappointed-supreme-crt-bill-proceeds.htm">"Monarchist Disappointed Supreme Crt Bill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scoop.co.nz" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoop.co.nz">Scoop.co.nz</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monarchist+Disappointed+Supreme+Crt+Bill&rft.pub=Scoop.co.nz&rft.date=2003-09-17&rft.au=Monarchist+League+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoop.co.nz%2Fstories%2FPO0309%2FS00112%2Fmonarchists-disappointed-supreme-crt-bill-proceeds.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessnz.org.nz/file/532/privycouncil_petition.pdf">"Petition for a Citizens' Initiated Referendum"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Petition+for+a+Citizens%27+Initiated+Referendum&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessnz.org.nz%2Ffile%2F532%2Fprivycouncil_petition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/hansard-debates/rhr/document/47HansD_20031014_00000750/supreme-court-bill-third-reading">"Supreme Court Bill — Third Reading - New Zealand Parliament"</a>. <i>www.parliament.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parliament.nz&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+Bill+%E2%80%94+Third+Reading+-+New+Zealand+Parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.nz%2Fen%2Fpb%2Fhansard-debates%2Frhr%2Fdocument%2F47HansD_20031014_00000750%2Fsupreme-court-bill-third-reading&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-key_pc-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-key_pc_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJane_Clifton2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Clifton" title="Jane Clifton">Jane Clifton</a> (1 November 2008). <i>Leaders Loosen Up</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Listener" title="New Zealand Listener">The Listener</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leaders+Loosen+Up&rft.pub=The+Listener&rft.date=2008-11-01&rft.au=Jane+Clifton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/hansard-debates/rhr/combined/HansDeb_20161011_20161011_32">"Third Readings — Bills Divided from Judicature Modernisation Bill - New Zealand Parliament"</a>. <i>www.parliament.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parliament.nz&rft.atitle=Third+Readings+%E2%80%94+Bills+Divided+from+Judicature+Modernisation+Bill+-+New+Zealand+Parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.nz%2Fen%2Fpb%2Fhansard-debates%2Frhr%2Fcombined%2FHansDeb_20161011_20161011_32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/assets/cases/2022/MR-2022-NZSC-114.pdf">"Peter Hugh McGregor Ellis v The King"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). Supreme Court of New Zealand. 7 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Hugh+McGregor+Ellis+v+The+King&rft.pub=Supreme+Court+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2022-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courtsofnz.govt.nz%2Fassets%2Fcases%2F2022%2FMR-2022-NZSC-114.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/assets/cases/2022/MR-2022-NZSC-134.pdf">"Make It 16 Incorporated v Attorney-General"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). Supreme Court of New Zealand. 21 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Make+It+16+Incorporated+v+Attorney-General&rft.pub=Supreme+Court+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2022-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courtsofnz.govt.nz%2Fassets%2Fcases%2F2022%2FMR-2022-NZSC-134.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_Zealand_Government2009" class="citation web cs1">New Zealand Government (2 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0911/S00015.htm">"Prime Minister announces visit of Prince William"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scoop.co.nz" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoop.co.nz">Scoop.co.nz</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prime+Minister+announces+visit+of+Prince+William&rft.pub=Scoop.co.nz&rft.date=2009-11-02&rft.au=New+Zealand+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoop.co.nz%2Fstories%2FPA0911%2FS00015.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/assets/the-courts/supreme-court/the-supreme-court-complex/brochures/supreme_court.0.pdf">"Construction of the new Supreme Court building"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>courtsofnz.govt.nz</i>. Courts of New Zealand<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=courtsofnz.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Construction+of+the+new+Supreme+Court+building&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courtsofnz.govt.nz%2Fassets%2Fthe-courts%2Fsupreme-court%2Fthe-supreme-court-complex%2Fbrochures%2Fsupreme_court.0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-herald_criticism-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-herald_criticism_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-herald_criticism_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Taylor2012" class="citation web cs1">Paul Taylor (6 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10803600">"Justice in the firing line"</a>. Herald on Sunday.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Justice+in+the+firing+line&rft.pub=Herald+on+Sunday&rft.date=2012-05-06&rft.au=Paul+Taylor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D10803600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Judges are required to retire at 70 years of age under section 13 of the Judicature Act 1908, now section 133 of the Senior Courts Act 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dia.govt.nz/MSOS118/On-Line/NZGazette.nsf/6cee7698a9bbc7cfcc256d510059ed0b/370ffbb777dfdbeecc257a4e00631803!OpenDocument&Highlight=0,glazebrook">"Appointment of Judge of the Supreme Court"</a>. <i>New Zealand Government Gazette</i>. 2 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=Appointment+of+Judge+of+the+Supreme+Court&rft.date=2012-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dia.govt.nz%2FMSOS118%2FOn-Line%2FNZGazette.nsf%2F6cee7698a9bbc7cfcc256d510059ed0b%2F370ffbb777dfdbeecc257a4e00631803%21OpenDocument%26Highlight%3D0%2Cglazebrook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-supreme-court-and-court-appeal-appointments-0">"New Supreme Court and Court of Appeal appointments | Beehive.govt.nz"</a>. <i>www.beehive.govt.nz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.beehive.govt.nz&rft.atitle=New+Supreme+Court+and+Court+of+Appeal+appointments+%26%23124%3B+Beehive.govt.nz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beehive.govt.nz%2Frelease%2Fnew-supreme-court-and-court-appeal-appointments-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/appointments-supreme-court-and-court-appeal">"Appointments to Supreme Court and Court of Appeal | Beehive.govt.nz"</a>. <i>www.beehive.govt.nz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.beehive.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Appointments+to+Supreme+Court+and+Court+of+Appeal+%26%23124%3B+Beehive.govt.nz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beehive.govt.nz%2Frelease%2Fappointments-supreme-court-and-court-appeal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/supreme-court-judge-among-three-senior-appointments">"Supreme Court judge among three senior appointments | Beehive.govt.nz"</a>. <i>www.beehive.govt.nz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.beehive.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+judge+among+three+senior+appointments+%26%23124%3B+Beehive.govt.nz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beehive.govt.nz%2Frelease%2Fsupreme-court-judge-among-three-senior-appointments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/judicial-appointments-announced-0">"Judicial appointments announced | Beehive.govt.nz"</a>. <i>www.beehive.govt.nz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.beehive.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Judicial+appointments+announced+%26%23124%3B+Beehive.govt.nz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beehive.govt.nz%2Frelease%2Fjudicial-appointments-announced-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elias, who was already Chief Justice, became head of the new Supreme Court by operation of the Supreme Court Act 2003 coming into force on 1 January 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Courts_of_New_Zealand_2019_o323_26-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/the-courts/supreme-court/former-supreme-court-judges/">"Former Supreme Court Judges"</a>. <i>Courts of New Zealand</i>. 12 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Courts+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Former+Supreme+Court+Judges&rft.date=2019-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courtsofnz.govt.nz%2Fthe-courts%2Fsupreme-court%2Fformer-supreme-court-judges%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-InitialAppts-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-InitialAppts_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-InitialAppts_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-InitialAppts_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-InitialAppts_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dia.govt.nz/MSOS118/On-Line/NZGazette.nsf/6cee7698a9bbc7cfcc256d510059ed0b/812293964976ff27cc256de800580bd6!OpenDocument&Highlight=0,thomas,gault">"Appointment of Judges of the Supreme Court"</a>. <i>New Zealand Government Gazette</i>. 20 November 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=Appointment+of+Judges+of+the+Supreme+Court&rft.date=2003-11-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dia.govt.nz%2FMSOS118%2FOn-Line%2FNZGazette.nsf%2F6cee7698a9bbc7cfcc256d510059ed0b%2F812293964976ff27cc256de800580bd6%21OpenDocument%26Highlight%3D0%2Cthomas%2Cgault&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dia.govt.nz/MSOS118/On-Line/NZGazette.nsf/6cee7698a9bbc7cfcc256d510059ed0b/60e7011ede2d3157cc2570bd00529f4b!OpenDocument&Highlight=0,kenneth,keith">"Appointment of acting Judge of the Supreme Court"</a>. <i>New Zealand Government Gazette</i>. 17 November 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=Appointment+of+acting+Judge+of+the+Supreme+Court&rft.date=2005-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dia.govt.nz%2FMSOS118%2FOn-Line%2FNZGazette.nsf%2F6cee7698a9bbc7cfcc256d510059ed0b%2F60e7011ede2d3157cc2570bd00529f4b%21OpenDocument%26Highlight%3D0%2Ckenneth%2Ckeith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dia.govt.nz/MSOS118/On-Line/NZGazette.nsf/6cee7698a9bbc7cfcc256d510059ed0b/3cabef43b3cdf054cc2570000083b4b8!OpenDocument&Highlight=0,john,mcgrath">"Appointment of Judge of the Supreme Court – The Honourable John Joseph McGrath"</a>. <i>New Zealand Government Gazette</i>. 12 May 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=Appointment+of+Judge+of+the+Supreme+Court+%E2%80%93+The+Honourable+John+Joseph+McGrath&rft.date=2005-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dia.govt.nz%2FMSOS118%2FOn-Line%2FNZGazette.nsf%2F6cee7698a9bbc7cfcc256d510059ed0b%2F3cabef43b3cdf054cc2570000083b4b8%21OpenDocument%26Highlight%3D0%2Cjohn%2Cmcgrath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dia.govt.nz/MSOS118/On-Line/NZGazette.nsf/6cee7698a9bbc7cfcc256d510059ed0b/93a1a6178f4958d6cc25711f005430cd!OpenDocument&Highlight=0,noel,anderson">"Appointment of acting Judge of the Supreme Court (sic)"</a>. <i>New Zealand Government Gazette</i>. 23 February 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=Appointment+of+acting+Judge+of+the+Supreme+Court+%28sic%29&rft.date=2006-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dia.govt.nz%2FMSOS118%2FOn-Line%2FNZGazette.nsf%2F6cee7698a9bbc7cfcc256d510059ed0b%2F93a1a6178f4958d6cc25711f005430cd%21OpenDocument%26Highlight%3D0%2Cnoel%2Canderson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dia.govt.nz/MSOS118/On-Line/NZGazette.nsf/6cee7698a9bbc7cfcc256d510059ed0b/ccf7bc63db82dc6dcc25742100477ca6!OpenDocument&Highlight=0,noel,anderson">"Retention of the Title 'The Honourable'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>New Zealand Government Gazette</i>. 3 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=Retention+of+the+Title+%27The+Honourable%27&rft.date=2008-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dia.govt.nz%2FMSOS118%2FOn-Line%2FNZGazette.nsf%2F6cee7698a9bbc7cfcc256d510059ed0b%2Fccf7bc63db82dc6dcc25742100477ca6%21OpenDocument%26Highlight%3D0%2Cnoel%2Canderson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dia.govt.nz/MSOS118/On-Line/NZGazette.nsf/6cee7698a9bbc7cfcc256d510059ed0b/d95289f8ee045133cc2573db00478a58!OpenDocument&Highlight=0,william,wilson">"Appointment of Judge of the Supreme Court"</a>. <i>New Zealand Government Gazette</i>. 24 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Voxy.co.nz. Fuseworks Media. 22 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=Appointment+of+Judge+of+the+Supreme+Court&rft.date=2012-01-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dia.govt.nz%2FMSOS118%2FOn-Line%2FNZGazette.nsf%2F6cee7698a9bbc7cfcc256d510059ed0b%2Fe82bf0da4ff954b0cc25798300556521%21OpenDocument%26Highlight%3D0%2Crobert%2Cchambers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/135778/supreme-court-judge-dies">"Supreme Court Judge dies"</a>. Radio New Zealand. 22 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Supreme+Court+Judge+dies&rft.pub=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.date=2013-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F135778%2Fsupreme-court-judge-dies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dia.govt.nz/pubforms.nsf/NZGZT/NZGazette83Jun13.pdf/$file/NZGazette83Jun13.pdf">"Appointment of Judge of the Supreme Court"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>New Zealand Government Gazette</i>. 27 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=Appointment+of+Judge+of+the+Supreme+Court&rft.date=2013-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dia.govt.nz%2Fpubforms.nsf%2FNZGZT%2FNZGazette83Jun13.pdf%2F%24file%2FNZGazette83Jun13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170423232609/https://www.lawsociety.org.nz/news-and-communications/latest-news/news/justice-arnold-retiring-from-supeme-court">"Justice Arnold retiring from Supreme Court"</a>. New Zealand Law Society. 15 February 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lawsociety.org.nz/news-and-communications/latest-news/news/justice-arnold-retiring-from-supeme-court">the original</a> on 23 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Justice+Arnold+retiring+from+Supreme+Court&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Law+Society&rft.date=2017-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawsociety.org.nz%2Fnews-and-communications%2Flatest-news%2Fnews%2Fjustice-arnold-retiring-from-supeme-court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2014-go3836?year=2014">"Appointment of Judge of the Supreme Court"</a>. <i>New Zealand Government Gazette</i>. 26 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Government+Gazette&rft.atitle=Appointment+of+Judge+of+the+Supreme+Court&rft.date=2014-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazette.govt.nz%2Fnotice%2Fid%2F2014-go3836%3Fyear%3D2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/assets/6-Going-to-Court/calendar/daily-lists/29-November-Daily-List-Retirement-sitting.pdf">"Wednesday 29 November 2023 Ceremonial Sitting"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>courtsofnz.govt.nz</i>. 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=courtsofnz.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Wednesday+29+November+2023+Ceremonial+Sitting&rft.date=2023-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courtsofnz.govt.nz%2Fassets%2F6-Going-to-Court%2Fcalendar%2Fdaily-lists%2F29-November-Daily-List-Retirement-sitting.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history" title="Timeline of New Zealand history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_New_Zealand" title="Archaeology of New Zealand">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Economic history of New Zealand">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Military history of New Zealand">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_history" title="Māori history">Māori history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Natural history of New Zealand">Natural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Political history of New Zealand">Political history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of 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title="Climate change in New Zealand">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_New_Zealand" title="List of earthquakes in New Zealand">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_New_Zealand" title="Environment of New Zealand">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_Zealand" title="Geology of New Zealand">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_New_Zealand" title="Lakes of New Zealand">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of New Zealand">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_New_Zealand" title="Protected areas of New Zealand">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_reserves_of_New_Zealand" title="Marine reserves of New Zealand">Marine reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_New_Zealand" title="National parks of New Zealand">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of rivers of New Zealand">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_New_Zealand" title="Volcanism of New Zealand">Volcanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_New_Zealand" title="Water in New Zealand">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings,_New_Zealand" title="Hastings, New Zealand">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth" title="New Plymouth">New Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotorua" title="Rotorua">Rotorua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_New_Zealand" title="Capital of New Zealand">capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whang%C4%81rei" title="Whangārei">Whangārei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand" title="Local government in New Zealand">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand" title="Electoral system of New Zealand">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting in New Zealand">Voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_New_Zealand" title="Foreign relations of New Zealand">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_New_Zealand" title="Gun law in New Zealand">Gun law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Human rights in New Zealand">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Disability rights in New Zealand">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Intersex rights in New Zealand">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New Zealand">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Zealand" title="Judiciary of New Zealand">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_Zealand" title="Chief Justice of New Zealand">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Law of New Zealand">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in New Zealand">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Māori politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Official Opposition (New Zealand)">Official Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_New_Zealand" title="Political funding in New Zealand">Political funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_sector_organisations_in_New_Zealand" title="List of public sector organisations in New Zealand">Public sector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_governments" title="List of New Zealand governments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="List of governors-general of New Zealand">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers_in_the_New_Zealand_Government" title="Ministers in the New Zealand Government">Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Zealand" title="Economy of New Zealand">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_New_Zealand" title="Agriculture in New Zealand">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming_in_New_Zealand" title="Dairy farming in New Zealand">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_wine" title="New Zealand wine">Wine industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_New_Zealand" title="List of companies of New Zealand">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_Zealand" title="Energy in New Zealand">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_industry_in_New_Zealand" title="Information technology industry in New Zealand">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_New_Zealand" title="Manufacturing in New Zealand">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_New_Zealand" title="Mining in New Zealand">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Poverty in New Zealand">Poverty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Child poverty in New Zealand">Child poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Reserve Bank of New Zealand">Reserve Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_New_Zealand" title="Welfare in New Zealand">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_New_Zealand" title="Taxation in New Zealand">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_New_Zealand" title="Telecommunications in New Zealand">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_Zealand" title="Tourism in New Zealand">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_New_Zealand" title="Transport in New Zealand">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_New_Zealand" title="Rail transport in New Zealand">Rail transport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Society of New Zealand">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Zealand" title="Abortion in New Zealand">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_Zealand" title="Crime in New Zealand">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_Zealand" title="Demographics of New Zealand">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_origins_of_New_Zealanders" title="List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders">Ethnic origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_New_Zealand" title="Gender inequality in New Zealand">Gender inequality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_Zealand" title="Education in New Zealand">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_New_Zealand" title="Euthanasia in New Zealand">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender equality in New Zealand">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_New_Zealand" title="Health in New Zealand">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_Zealand" title="Healthcare in New Zealand">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_Zealand" title="Homelessness in New Zealand">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_New_Zealand" title="Housing in New Zealand">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_New_Zealand" title="Immigration to New Zealand">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in New Zealand">LGBT issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_New_Zealand" title="Naturism in New Zealand">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders" title="New Zealanders">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(nickname)" title="Kiwi (nickname)">"Kiwi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_New_Zealand" title="Women in New Zealand">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_New_Zealand" title="Prostitution in New Zealand">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination_in_New_Zealand" title="Structural discrimination in New Zealand">Structural discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_New_Zealand" title="Waste in New Zealand">Waste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_Zealand" title="Architecture of New Zealand">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art" title="New Zealand art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_literature" title="New Zealand literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_New_Zealand" title="Mass media in New Zealand">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Performing arts of New Zealand">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_New_Zealand" title="Public holidays in New Zealand">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_New_Zealand" title="Radio in New Zealand">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_New_Zealand" title="Sport in New Zealand">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_New_Zealand" title="National symbols of New Zealand">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_New_Zealand" title="Television in New Zealand">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_Zealand" title="Outline of New Zealand">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand" title="Category:New Zealand">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Law_of_New_Zealand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Template:Law of New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Template talk:Law of New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Law of New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Law_of_New_Zealand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Law of New Zealand">Law of New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_acts_of_the_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="Lists of acts of the New Zealand Parliament">Acts of Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of New Zealand"><img alt="Coat of arms of New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="699" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">Constitution of New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letters_Patent_Constituting_the_Office_of_Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Letters Patent Constituting the Office of Governor-General of New Zealand">Letters Patent 1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act_1986" title="Constitution Act 1986">Constitution Act 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Bill_of_Rights_Act_1990" title="New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990">New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Laws_Application_Act_1988" title="Imperial Laws Application Act 1988">Imperial Laws Application Act 1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Constitutional_Advisory_Panel" title="New Zealand Constitutional Advisory Panel">New Zealand Constitutional Advisory Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty" title="Parliamentary sovereignty">Parliamentary sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">Separation of powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Zealand" title="Judiciary of New Zealand">Courts of New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">General jurisdiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_New_Zealand" title="Court of Appeal of New Zealand">Court of Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="High Court of New Zealand">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="District Court of New Zealand">District Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Specialist jurisdiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disputes_Tribunal" title="Disputes Tribunal">Disputes Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Employment Court of New Zealand">Employment Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Environment Court of New Zealand">Environment Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Family Court of New Zealand">Family Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Land_Court" title="Māori Land Court">Māori Land Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Defunct jurisdiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employment_Court_of_New_Zealand#History)" title="Employment Court of New Zealand">Court of Arbitration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legal_education" title="Legal education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admission_to_practice_law#New_Zealand" title="Admission to practice law">Admission to practice law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_schools_in_New_Zealand" title="List of law schools in New Zealand">List of law schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355832#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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