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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rayfield" title="Donald Rayfield – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Donald Rayfield" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rayfield" title="Donald Rayfield – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Donald Rayfield" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rayfield" title="Donald Rayfield – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Donald Rayfield" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4_%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A4" title="Դոնալդ Ռեյֆիլդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դոնալդ Ռեյֆիլդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rayfield" title="Donald Rayfield – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Donald Rayfield" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rayfield" title="Donald Rayfield – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Donald Rayfield" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="დონალდ რეიფილდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დონალდ რეიფილდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="დონალდ რეიფილდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დონალდ რეიფილდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF" title="دونالد رايفيلد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دونالد رايفيلد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89" title="ドナルド・レイフィールド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドナルド・レイフィールド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rayfield" title="Donald Rayfield – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Donald Rayfield" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rayfield" title="Donald Rayfield – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Donald Rayfield" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Рейфилд, Дональд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рейфилд, Дональд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rayfield" title="Donald Rayfield – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Donald Rayfield" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Дональд Рейфілд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дональд Рейфілд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2553559#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Donald Rayfield</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Rayfield_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Donald_Rayfield_01.jpg/220px-Donald_Rayfield_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Donald_Rayfield_01.jpg/330px-Donald_Rayfield_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Donald_Rayfield_01.jpg/440px-Donald_Rayfield_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1738" data-file-height="2607" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1942</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Professor of <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian languages</a>, Translator</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stalin_and_His_Hangmen" title="Stalin and His Hangmen">Stalin and His Hangmen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kvachi_Kvachantiradze" title="Kvachi Kvachantiradze">Kvachi Kvachantiradze</a><br /><a href="/wiki/A_Man_Was_Going_Down_the_Road" title="A Man Was Going Down the Road">A Man Was Going Down the Road</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Literature_of_Georgia:_A_History" title="The Literature of Georgia: A History">The Literature of Georgia: A History</a><br /> A Comprehensive Georgian-English Dictionary<br />Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Patrick Donald Rayfield</b> OBE (born 12 February 1942, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>) is an English academic and Emeritus Professor of <a href="/wiki/Russian_literature" title="Russian literature">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgian_literature" title="Georgian literature">Georgian</a> at <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary University of London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is an author of books about <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgian</a> literature, and about <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Secret_police" title="Secret police">secret police</a>. He is also a series editor for books about Russian writers and <i><a href="/wiki/Intelligentsia" title="Intelligentsia">intelligentsia</a></i>. He has translated <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> poets and prose writers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rayfield&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Dream of Lhasa: The Life of <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Przhevalsky" title="Nikolay Przhevalsky">Nikolay Przhevalsky</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i>The Cherry Orchard: Catastrophe and Comedy</i> (1994) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8057-4451-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8057-4451-7">0-8057-4451-7</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a>: A Life</i> (1997) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-255503-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-255503-4">0-00-255503-4</a> (and several other reprints)</li> <li><i>Understanding Chekhov: A Critical Study of Chekhov's Prose and Drama</i> (1999)</li> <li><i>The Garnett Book of Russian Verse</i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Literature_of_Georgia:_A_History" title="The Literature of Georgia: A History">The Literature of Georgia: A History</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stalin_and_His_Hangmen" title="Stalin and His Hangmen">Stalin and His Hangmen</a></i> (2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-50632-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-50632-2">0-375-50632-2</a> (and several other reprints)</li> <li><i>A Comprehensive Georgian-English Dictionary</i> (2006)</li> <li><i>Chekhov's Uncle Vanya and the Wood Demon</i> (2007)</li> <li><i>Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia</i> (2012)</li> <li><i>‘A Seditious and Sinister Tribe’: The Crimean Tatars and Their Khanate</i> (<a href="/wiki/Reaktion_Books" title="Reaktion Books">Reaktion Books</a>, 2024)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Translations_from_Russian">Translations from Russian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rayfield&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Translations from Russian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dead_Souls" title="Dead Souls">Dead Souls</a></i>, translation of <a href="/wiki/Gogol" class="mw-redirect" title="Gogol">Gogol</a>'s 1842 novel (Garnett Press, 2008; New York Review Books, 2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kolyma_Tales" title="Kolyma Tales">Kolyma Stories</a></i> (first half), translation of <a href="/wiki/Varlam_Shalamov" title="Varlam Shalamov">Varlam Shalamov</a>'s stories (New York Review Books, 2018)</li> <li><i>Sketches of the Criminal World: Further Kolyma Stories</i> (New York Review Books, 2020)</li> <li><i>Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk: Selected Stories of <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Leskov" title="Nikolai Leskov">Nikolai Leskov</a></i> (New York Review Books, 2020)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Translations_from_Georgian">Translations from Georgian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rayfield&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Translations from Georgian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_Was_Going_Down_the_Road" title="A Man Was Going Down the Road">A Man Was Going Down the Road</a></i> - <a href="/wiki/Otar_Chiladze" title="Otar Chiladze">Otar Chiladze</a> (2012) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0956468306" title="Special:BookSources/0956468306">0956468306</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avelum" title="Avelum">Avelum</a></i> - <a href="/wiki/Otar_Chiladze" title="Otar Chiladze">Otar Chiladze</a> (2013) ASIN B00DG9QLZ0</li> <li><i>The Story of My Life</i> - <a href="/wiki/Akaki_Tsereteli" title="Akaki Tsereteli">Akaki Tsereteli</a> (2013) ASIN B00COQSC7Q</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kvachi_Kvachantiradze" title="Kvachi Kvachantiradze">Kvachi Kvachantiradze</a></i> - <a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Javakhishvili" title="Mikheil Javakhishvili">Mikheil Javakhishvili</a> (2015) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1564788792" title="Special:BookSources/1564788792">1564788792</a></li> <li><i>Unveiling Vazha Pshavela</i> - <a href="/wiki/Vazha_Pshavela" class="mw-redirect" title="Vazha Pshavela">Vazha Pshavela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ana_Kordzaia-Samadashvili" title="Ana Kordzaia-Samadashvili">Ana Kordzaia-Samadashvili</a>, edited by Andro Semeiko (2019) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780956468345" title="Special:BookSources/9780956468345">9780956468345</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Translations_from_Uzbek">Translations from Uzbek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rayfield&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Translations from Uzbek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Devils' Dance</i> - <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Ismailov" title="Hamid Ismailov">Hamid Ismailov</a> (2018) - with poetry translated by John Farndon</li> <li><i>Manaschi</i> - <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Ismailov" title="Hamid Ismailov">Hamid Ismailov</a> (2021)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rayfield&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sllf/modern-languages-and-cultures/people/emeritus-academic-staff/profiles/rayfield.html">"Donald Rayfield - School of Languages, Linguistics and Film"</a>. <i>www.qmul.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.qmul.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Donald+Rayfield+-+School+of+Languages%2C+Linguistics+and+Film&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qmul.ac.uk%2Fsllf%2Fmodern-languages-and-cultures%2Fpeople%2Femeritus-academic-staff%2Fprofiles%2Frayfield.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rayfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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