CINXE.COM
Business - Publications - Faculty & Research - Harvard Business School
<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> <head runat="server"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <title>Business - Publications - Faculty & Research - Harvard Business School</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://webassets.hbs.edu/libs/framework/1.0/css/framework-async.min.css?v=1.0"><script>var MTIProjectId='7104cb2a-976d-4c0f-803f-1a83c9190762';</script><script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://webassets.hbs.edu/libs/framework/1.0/js/mtiFontTrackingCode.js"></script><meta name="HBSSearchUrl" content="/faculty/Pages/search.aspx"><meta name="PageBuildDateTime" content="2024-11-23 08:30:46 PM on "><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><link rel="icon" href="https://webassets.hbs.edu/sites/home/favicon.ico"> <style> /* styles */ .facetctrl-results .facetctrl-isotope-results .media { margin-bottom: 28px; } #facet-navigation-mobile .facet-container-0 .facet-clear, #facet-navigation .facet-container-0 .facet-clear { padding-top: 0; } .facet-container-q .hr3, .facet-container-0 .hr3 { display: none; } .facetctrl-results .facetctrl-isotope-results .media .linear { padding-top: 0; } .facetctrl-results .media img.fluid { display: block; } .facetctrl-results .media p { margin-bottom: 12px; } .facetctrl-results .media { margin-bottom: 32px; } .facetctrl-results .inline-container * { font-size: inherit; text-transform: none; font-family: inherit; } .facetctrl-results .highlight-container .highlight { font-family: 'Trade Gothic W01 Bold 2', Arial; } .facetctrl-results .inline-container * { display: inline; } .ua-mobile .datepicker { /* fixes zoom on focus */ font-size: 16px !important; width:100px !important; } .site-facets ul { margin-top: 8px; } ul.unbulleted.site-facets li a { text-decoration: none; } ul.unbulleted.site-facets li a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .site-facets .mu { line-height: 15px !important; /* fix pixel bounce */ } .term-info p { margin-bottom: 12px; } .facetctrl-sticky { display:none; position: fixed; width:100%; z-index: 20000; top:0; } .facetctrl-sticky.active { display:block; } .facetctrl-isotope-element { width: 228px; } .expanded-grid-framework .pattern-framework .facetctrl-isotope-element .tile .icon-play { display: none; } .expanded-grid-framework .pattern-framework .facetctrl-isotope-element .tile .icon-play.icon-play-svg { display: block!important; } .pattern-framework .facet-pattern2 .facet-list { margin-top:15px; } .pattern-framework .facet-pattern2 .facet-list li { padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:8px; margin-top:8px; } .pattern-framework .facet-pattern2 .facet-list li .facet-link {text-indent:0;margin-left:-21px;margin-bottom:3px} .pattern-framework .facet-pattern2 .facet-list li .facet-link-icon {float:left} .pattern-framework .facet-pattern2 .facet-list li .facet-link-icon .icon-checkbox, .pattern-framework .facet-pattern2 .facet-list li .facet-link-icon .icon-checkbox-checked {position:relative;top:-2px} .pattern-framework .facet-pattern2 .facet-list li .facet-link-label {overflow:hidden} @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .facetctrl-isotope-element { max-width: 328px; width:100%; } } /*@media screen and (min-width: 650px and max-width: 650px) { .facetctrl-isotope-element { width: 47%; } }*/ @media screen and (min-width: 650px) and (max-width: 740px) { .facetctrl-isotope-element { width: 30.6%; } } @media screen and (min-width: 740px) and (max-width: 880px) { .facetctrl-isotope-element { width: 31.1%; } } @media screen and (min-width: 880px) and (max-width: 920px) { .facetctrl-isotope-element { width: 31.4%; } } @media screen and (min-width: 920px) and (max-width: 1024px) { .facetctrl-isotope-element { width: 205px; } } @media screen and (min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1300px) { .facetctrl-isotope-element { width: 228px; } } @media screen and (min-width: 1300px) { .wide-container .facetctrl-isotope-element { width: 268px; } } @media screen and (min-width: 920px) and (max-width: 1220px) { .expanded-grid-framework .container .facetctrl-isotope-element { width: 195px; } } @media screen and (min-width: 1221px) { .expanded-grid-framework .container .facetctrl-isotope-element { width: 270px; } } .facetctrl-isotope-element-span4 { width: 312px; } /*@media screen and (max-width: 920px) { .search1-embedded .vrule3h, .search1-embedded .vrule6h, .search1-embedded .vrule3h {background:none;} }*/ .websearch-input { background-color: rgba(255,255,255,.5) !important; border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.7) !important; box-shadow:none; transition: all .2s linear; } .websearch-input:focus { background-color: rgba(255,255,255,.8) !important; box-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(255,255,255,.8) !important; } .facetctrl-appended { position:relative; -webkit-animation:slidein .5s; -moz-animation:slidein .5s; -o-animation:slidein .5s; animation:slidein .5s } @-webkit-keyframes slidein{ from{top:-10px;opacity:0} to{top:0px;opacity:1} } @-moz-keyframes slidein{ from{top:-10px;opacity:0} to{top:0px;opacity:1} } @keyframes slidein{ from{top:-10px;opacity:0} to{top:0px;opacity:1} } .facetctrl-fade { transition: opacity .6s; } .facetctrl-loading .facetctrl-fade { opacity: .5; } #search1-app .rendered-visible { visibility:hidden; } #search1-app.rendered .rendered-visible { visibility:visible; } #search1-app.search1-fullscreen .container { width:100%; } #search1-app.search1-fullscreen .span3 { padding-left:24px; } #search1-app.search1-fullscreen .span9 { float: none; overflow: hidden; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 24px; width:auto; } .ui-helper-hidden-accessible{ display:none; } .facetctrl-autocomplete-small .ui-autocomplete { position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; z-index: 1000; float: left; display: none; min-width: 160px; padding: 4px 0; margin: 0 0 10px 0; list-style: none; background-color: #ffffff; border-color: #ccc; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); -moz-box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); -webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -moz-background-clip: padding; background-clip: padding-box; *border-right-width: 2px; *border-bottom-width: 2px; } .facetctrl-autocomplete-small .ui-menu-item > a.ui-corner-all { display: block; padding: 3px 10px; clear: both; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; color: #555555; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; width:auto; } .facetctrl-autocomplete-small .ui-menu-item { font: normal 13px/16px 'Trade Gothic W01 Roman',Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; } .facetctrl-autocomplete-small .ui-state-focus{ background-color: #a41034; color:#fff !important } .facetctrl-autocomplete-small ul.ui-autocomplete li { padding:0; } .facetctrl-autocomplete-small .ui-state-hover, .facetctrl-autocomplete-small .ui-state-active { color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; background-color: #0088cc; border-radius: 0px; -webkit-border-radius: 0px; -moz-border-radius: 0px; background-image: none; } .facetctrl-autocomplete-small .ui-autocomplete .ui-menu-item .ui-state-focus { background-color: #a41034; color:white; } .facet-breadcrumb-pattern h1 { margin-bottom: 7px; } .ms-SrvMenuUI {display: none;} .facetctrl-page-list { margin:0; padding:0; } .facetctrl-page-list li { list-style-type: none; float:left; margin-right: 8px; } .facetctrl-page-list li a { background-color:#ebebeb; padding:3px 6px; text-decoration:none; } .facetctrl-page-list li a:hover { background: black; color:white !important; } #facet-navigation .facet-pattern2 .facet-control h3 { margin: 0; } .color-framework .hbsred-onhover:hover {color: #a41034 !important;} /* This was removed for this page http://authqa.hbswk.hbs.edu/Pages/browse.aspx @media screen and (max-width: 919px) and (min-width: 651px) { #search1-app .tablet-span8 { margin-left: 0; } } */ .icon-svg { background-image: none !important; } /*new for wide grid*/ .facet-search table {width: 100%;} .facet-search table td:last-child {width: 41px;} .expanded-grid-framework .cap { margin-bottom:34px !important;} .expanded-grid-framework .search-right-sidebar .img-container-16x9 img{width:100% !important; height:100% !important;} @media (min-width:920px){ .expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes>*{margin-left:20px} .expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes .facetctrl-results .media-list9 div.media div.row div.span7 {margin-right:-20px;} .expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes>table,.expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes>.ms-rtestate-field{margin-left:0} .expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes>table>*,.expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes>.ms-rtestate-field>*{margin-left:20px} .expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes *[webpartid]>*,.expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes .ms-WPBody>*{margin-left:20px} .expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes *[webpartid]>.hr,.expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes .ms-WPBody>.hr{margin-left:0} .expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes .ms-rtestate-read{display:block} .expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes .hr,.expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes .hr4{margin-left:0} .expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes .facetctrl-results .vrule3h { background-position: 281px 0; } .expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes .facetctrl-results .vrule6h { background-position: 576px 0; } @media screen and (min-width: 920px) and (max-width: 1220px) { .expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes .facetctrl-results .vrule3h { background-position: 206px 0; } .expanded-grid-framework .facetctrl-ajax-classes .facetctrl-results .vrule6h { background-position: 425px 0; } } } /*Accessibility skip-links*/ .skipto.hideme:focus{ left: 0px; top: 0px; background-color: white; padding: 6px; width: auto; height: auto; position:relative; }</style><script> // scripts /* ---------------------------------------------- * * Facet DateTime * * ---------------------------------------------- */ function FacetDate(args) { this.disabled = false; for (key in args) { this[key] = args[key]; } } FacetDate.prototype.render = function() { var SearchDateRange = "Search Date Range"; var to = "TO"; var h = this.facetCtrl.facetStartHTML(this); var today = new Date(); var facetKey = this.key; var facetState = this.facetCtrl.getState(this.key); var facetData = this.facetCtrl.getData(this.key); var fromdate = this.minDate || (today.getMonth() + 1) + '/' + today.getDate() + '/' + (today.getFullYear() - 3) var fromMinDate = fromdate; var todate = this.maxDate || (today.getMonth() + 1) + '/' + today.getDate() + '/' + today.getFullYear() var maxToDate = todate; if (facetData && facetData.length > 0) { fromdate = facetData[0].breadcrumb.split(' - ')[0] todate = facetData[0].breadcrumb.split(' - ')[1] } if (this.datePicker) { h += '<div>' h += '<div class="datepicker-container-inline"></div>' h += '<div class="shim8"></div>'; h += '</div>'; } else { h += '<div>' h += '<div class="shim12"></div>'; h += '<div class="datepicker-container" style="float:left"><input name="startdate" aria-label="Start Date" type="text" class="field date-range" data-minDate="'+fromMinDate+'" value="'+fromdate +'" placeholder="mm/dd/yyyy" data-mask="date" style="width: 81px;padding-left: 7px;font-size: 12px; padding-right: 0px;" /><a href="#skipStartDate" class="link-skipdates hideme skipto">Skip start date picker</a></div> '; h += '<div class="mu" style="padding:8px 5px;float:left;">' + to + '</div>'; h += '<div class="datepicker-container" style="float:left"><input name="enddate" id="skipStartDate" aria-label="End Date" type="text" class="field date-range" data-maxDate="'+ maxToDate +'" value="'+todate +'" placeholder="mm/dd/yyyy" data-mask="date" style="width: 81px;padding-left: 7px;font-size: 12px; padding-right: 0px;" /><a href="#skipEndDate" class="link-skipdates hideme skipto">Skip end date picker</a></div>'; h += '<div class="clear"></div>'; h += '<div class="shim16"></div> <input id="skipEndDate" type="button" class="btn-submit facetctrl-ajax-date" value="' + SearchDateRange + '" />'; h += '<div class="shim8"></div>'; h += '</div>'; } h += this.facetCtrl.facetEndHTML(this.label,this.key,this.toggleOption); return h; } FacetDate.prototype.disable = function(){ this.disabled = true; } FacetDate.prototype.enable = function(){ this.disabled = false; } /* Test */ FacetDate.prototype.bindEvents = function(){ var self = this; self.facetCtrl.jQuery('.facet-name-'+this.key).find('input.date-range').keypress(function(e) { if(e.which == 13) { self.facetCtrl.jQuery('.facet-name-'+self.key).find(".facetctrl-ajax-date").click() return false; } else { return true; } }); this.facetCtrl.jQuery('.facet-name-'+this.key).on("click","input.facetctrl-ajax-date",function(){ var fromDate = $(this).parent().find("input[name='startdate']").val() != "" ? $(this).parent().find("input[name='startdate']").val() : self.minDate; var toDate = $(this).parent().find("input[name='enddate']").val() != "" ? $(this).parent().find("input[name='enddate']").val() : self.maxDate; if(datevalidation(fromDate,toDate)) { var from = new Date(fromDate); var to = new Date(toDate); var qstr = from.getFullYear() + '-' + (from.getMonth() + 1) + '-' + from.getDate() + 'TO' + to.getFullYear() + '-' + (to.getMonth() + 1) + '-' + to.getDate(); var href = self.facetCtrl.setFilterHref(self.key,qstr); self.facetCtrl.history.pushState(null, null, href); if ($(this).parents('.facetctrl-sticky-target').length) { self.facetCtrl.closeFacets = true; } } }); function datevalidation(objFromDate,objToDate) { var date_regex = /^(0?[1-9]|1[0-2])\/(0?[1-9]|1\d|2\d|3[01])\/(19|20)\d{2}$/ ; if (!date_regex.test(objFromDate) && objFromDate.length) { alert(objFromDate + " is not valid date. Please enter valid date."); return false; } if (!date_regex.test(objToDate) && objToDate.length) { alert(objToDate + " is not valid date. Please enter valid date."); return false; } if (!objFromDate.length && !objToDate.length) { return false; } if (!objFromDate.length || !objToDate.length) { return true; } var FromDate = new Date(objFromDate); var ToDate = new Date(objToDate); var valCurDate = new Date(); valCurDate = valCurDate.getMonth()+1 + "/" + valCurDate.getDate() + "/" + valCurDate.getYear(); var CurDate = new Date(valCurDate); if(FromDate > ToDate) { alert(objFromDate+ " should be less than " + objToDate); return false; } return true; } } /* ---------------------------------------------- * * Facet BreadcrumbOnly * * ---------------------------------------------- */ function FacetBreadcrumbOnly(args) { this.disabled = false; for (key in args) { this[key] = args[key]; } } FacetBreadcrumbOnly.prototype.render = function() { return ''; } FacetBreadcrumbOnly.prototype.disable = function(){ this.disabled = true; } FacetBreadcrumbOnly.prototype.enable = function(){ this.disabled = false; } FacetBreadcrumbOnly.prototype.bindEvents = function(){ } /* ---------------------------------------------- * * Facet Search * * ---------------------------------------------- */ function FacetSearch(args) { this.disabled = false; for (key in args) { this[key] = args[key]; } } FacetSearch.prototype.render = function() { var facetKey = this.key; var facetState = this.facetCtrl.getState(facetKey); var query = ''; for (var key in facetState) { query += key; } var hasQuery = document.location.search != '' if (document.location.search == '?_es=1') hasQuery = false; if (this.searchWithin && hasQuery) query = ''; var label = this.label || "Search"; var h = '<div class="facet-control facet-search facet-name-' + this.key + '"><table><tr>'; var auto = this.autocomplete ? 'facetctrl-autocomplete' : ''; var typeahead = this.typeaheadPrefetch ? ' typeahead-container ' : ''; var typeaheadPrefetch = this.typeaheadPrefetch ? ' data-typeahead-prefetch="'+this.typeaheadPrefetch+'" ' : ''; h += '<td class="'+typeahead+'"'+typeaheadPrefetch+'><input type="text" name="q" autocomplete="on" maxlength="50" placeholder="" aria-label="Search text" style="height:38px" class="field facetctrl-ajax-textq '+auto+'" value="' + decodeURI(query).replace(/"/g,'"') + '" /><div class="facetctrl-autocomplete-container" style="position:absolute"></div></td> '; h += '<td><button type="submit" style="font-size:13px;height:38px" class="btn-submit facetctrl-ajax-search" value="Search" aria-label="Search this page"><span class="icon-search-white"></span></button></td>'; h += '</tr></table>'; if (this.advanced){ h += '<div class="nu" style="margin-bottom:-10px;margin-top:16px"><a href="#" class="facetctrl-adv-search">+ Advanced Search</a></div>' } if (this.searchWithin && hasQuery){ h += '<div role="radiogroup" aria-label="search options">'; if (this.searchWithinNew) { h += '<label class="field-radio nu" style="margin-top:12px;display:block;"><input name="q-option" checked="checked" value="new" type="radio" role="radio"><span class="field-radio-btn" style="margin-right:7px;"></span>New Search</label>' h += '<label class="field-radio nu" style="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:-8px;display:block;"><input name="q-option" value="within" type="radio" role="radio"><span class="field-radio-btn" style="margin-right:7px;"></span>Search Within Results</label>' } else { h += '<label class="field-radio nu" style="margin-top:12px;display:block;"><input name="q-option" value="within" checked="checked" type="radio" role="radio"><span class="field-radio-btn" style="margin-right:7px;"></span>Search Within Results</label>' h += '<label class="field-radio nu" style="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:-8px;display:block;"><input name="q-option" value="new" type="radio" role="radio"><span class="field-radio-btn" style="margin-right:7px;"></span>New Search</label>' } h += '</div>'; } h += '</div>' return h; } FacetSearch.prototype.disable = function(){ this.disabled = true; } FacetSearch.prototype.enable = function(){ this.disabled = false; } FacetSearch.prototype.bindEvents = function(){ var self = this; var facetKey = self.key; var $facet = this.facetCtrl.jQuery('.facet-name-'+facetKey); $('.facetctrl-ajax-textq',$facet).keypress(function(e) { if(e.which == 13) { var selectedVal = $facet.find('input.facetctrl-ajax-textq').val(); var href = ''; if ($("input:radio[name='q-option']:checked",$facet).val() == 'within') { href = self.facetCtrl.addFilterHref('q',selectedVal); } else { href = '?q='+encodeURIComponent(selectedVal); } self.facetCtrl.history.pushState(null, null, href); $(this).blur(); return false; } else { return true; } }); $facet.on("click",".facetctrl-adv-search",function(){ $(self.facetCtrl.container).find(".facetctrl-adv-search-container .toggle-button").eq(0).click() return false; }) $facet.on('select','.typeahead-container',function(){ $facet.find(".facetctrl-ajax-search").trigger('click') }) $facet.on("click",".facetctrl-ajax-search",function(){ if ($(this).parents('.facetctrl-sticky-target').length) { self.facetCtrl.closeFacets = true; } var selectedVal = $facet.find('input.facetctrl-ajax-textq').val(); var href = ''; if ($("input:radio[name='q-option']:checked",$facet).val() == 'within') { href = self.facetCtrl.addFilterHref('q',selectedVal); } else { href = '?q='+encodeURIComponent(selectedVal) } if (self.facetCtrl.ajax) { self.facetCtrl.history.pushState(null, null, document.location.pathname + href); } else { document.location.href = href; } return false; }); } /* ---------------------------------------------- * * Subsets List * * ---------------------------------------------- */ function SubsetsList(args) { this.disabled = false; this.moreExpanded = false; for (key in args) { this[key] = args[key]; } } SubsetsList.prototype.render = function() { return 'works'; } SubsetsList.prototype.bindEvents = function(){ } /* ---------------------------------------------- * * Facet List * * ---------------------------------------------- */ function FacetList(args) { this.disabled = false; this.moreExpanded = false; for (key in args) { this[key] = args[key]; } } FacetList.prototype.render = function(args) { var args = args || {}; var facetData = this.facetCtrl.getData(this.key); var facetState = this.facetCtrl.getState(this.key); this.facetState = this.facetCtrl.getState(this.key); if (facetData.length == 0 && !this.deferLoad) return ''; var h = this.facetCtrl.facetStartHTML(this); if (args.simple) h = ''; var tree = this.makeDataTree(facetState,facetData); if (facetData.length > 0) { h += this.recursiveRender(0,facetState,facetData,tree,undefined,args); } if (!args.simple) { h += this.facetCtrl.facetEndHTML(this.label,this.key,this.toggleOption); } return h; } FacetList.prototype.makeDataTree = function(facetState,facetData) { var tree = {}; tree[undefined] = {}; tree[undefined].children = []; tree[undefined].seenChildren = {}; for (var i = 0; i < facetData.length; i++) { var v = facetData[i]; v.param = v.param || v.id; if (this.labelfn) {v.label = this.labelfn(v.label,v,0)} var termID = v.id; var termParent = v.parentID || undefined; if (!tree[termParent]) { tree[termParent] = {}; tree[termParent].children = []; tree[termParent].seenChildren = {}; } if (!tree[termID]) { tree[termID] = {}; tree[termID].children = []; tree[termID].seenChildren = {}; } if (!tree[termParent].seenChildren[termID]) { tree[termParent].seenChildren[termID] = 1; tree[termParent].children.push(termID); if (facetState[v.param]) { tree[termID].checked = true; } tree[termID].node = v; } } // mark checks on parent terms for (var j = 0;j<4;j++) { for (var i in tree) { if (!tree[i].node || !tree[i].node.parentID) continue; var parent = tree[i].node.parentID; if (tree[i].checked || tree[i].softchecked) { tree[parent].softchecked = true; } } } // if I am checked, add to my parent checked count for (var i in tree) { if (tree[i].checked) { var parent = tree[i].node.parentID; if (parent) { tree[parent].checkedChildren = tree[parent].checkedChildren ? (tree[parent].checkedChildren + 1) : 1; } } } return tree; } FacetList.prototype.renderAllButton = function(facetState,facetData) { var h = ''; if (this.displayAllButton) { var label = this.allLabel || "All"; if (!this.facetCtrl.jQuery.isEmptyObject(facetState)) { var href = this.facetCtrl.removeFilterHref(this.key); h += '<li class="facetlist-all"><a class="ink mu facetctrl-ajax-link facet-link" href="'+href+'"><div class="facet-link-icon">'+this.facetCtrl.getIcon('checkbox',label)+'</div><div class="facet-link-label">'+label+'</div></a></li>'; } else { h += '<li class="facetlist-all"><span class="ink mu inactive facet-link"><div class="facet-link-icon">'+this.facetCtrl.getIcon('checkbox-checked',label)+'</div><div class="facet-link-label">'+label+'</div></span></li>'; } } return h; } FacetList.prototype.disable = function(){ this.disabled = true; } FacetList.prototype.enable = function(){ this.disabled = false; } FacetList.prototype.bindEvents = function(){ var self = this; // change the icon if (this.facetCtrl.ajax) { this.facetCtrl.jQuery('.facet-name-'+this.key).on("icontoggle","a.facetctrl-ajax-link",function(){ if (self.facetCtrl.isLoading()) { return false; } if ($(this).parent().hasClass('facetlist-all')) return; var link = $(this); link.removeClass('checked'); $("span",this).each(function(){ if ($(this).hasClass('icon-checkbox-checked')) { $(this).replaceWith(self.facetCtrl.getIcon('checkbox','')) link.addClass('checked'); } else if ($(this).hasClass('icon-checkbox')) { $(this).replaceWith(self.facetCtrl.getIcon('checkbox-checked','')) link.addClass('checked'); } }); }); } this.facetCtrl.jQuery('.facet-name-'+this.key).on("click",".default-more a",function(){ $(this).parent().hide(); var $hidden = $(this).parent().parent().find('li:hidden') $hidden.show(); $hidden.eq(0).find('a').focus(); self.moreExpanded = true; return false; }) this.facetCtrl.jQuery('.facet-name-'+this.key).on("click",".az-more a",function(){ var h = ''; h += '<div id="az-results">Loading</div>' window.dlg = new framework.Dialog({ body: h, animation: 'slidedown', title: self.label, width: '905px' }); window.dlg.open(); framework.progress.start(); $.ajax({ url: '?' + document.location.search.replace('?','') + '&_autocomplete=1&step=9999&facet='+self.key, dataType: 'json', contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8', success: function(data, status, resp) { var h = '<div class="facet-pattern2 nu"><ul class="facet-list" style="padding:0;float:left;">'; data = data.sort(function(a,b){ if (a.t < b.t) return -1; return 1; }) var checked = {}; for (var j = 0;j<self.facetCtrl.parsedFacetState.length;j++) { var d = self.facetCtrl.parsedFacetState[j]; var facetKey = d[0]; var facetValue = d[1]; if (facetKey == self.key) { checked[facetValue] = 1; } } var num = 0; for (var i = 0;i<data.length;i++){ var d = data[i]; if (checked[d.t]) { var href = self.facetCtrl.removeFilterHref(self.key,d.t); h += '<li style="float:left;width:30%;margin-left:24px;box-sizing:border-box;"><a href="'+href+'" class="facetctrl-ajax-link ink add-val">' + this.facetCtrl.getIcon('checkbox-checked','') + d.t + ' ('+d.c+')</a></li>' } else { var href = self.facetCtrl.addFilterHref(self.key,d.t); h += '<li style="float:left;width:30%;margin-left:24px;box-sizing:border-box;"><a href="'+href+'" class="facetctrl-ajax-link ink add-val">' + this.facetCtrl.getIcon('checkbox','') + d.t + ' ('+d.c+')</a></li>' } } h += '</ul></div><div class="clear"></div><br/>'; $("#az-results").html(h); framework.progress.done(); } }); return false; }) this.facetCtrl.jQuery('.facet-name-'+this.key).on("click","input.facetctrl-ajax-date",function(){ var fromDate = $(this).parent().find("input[name='startdate']").val(); var toDate = $(this).parent().find("input[name='enddate']").val(); if (fromDate && toDate) { var from = new Date(fromDate); var to = new Date(toDate); var qstr = from.getFullYear() + '-' + (from.getMonth() + 1) + '-' + from.getDate() + 'TO' + to.getFullYear() + '-' + (to.getMonth() + 1) + '-' + to.getDate(); var href = self.facetCtrl.setFilterHref(self.key,qstr); self.facetCtrl.history.pushState(null, null, href); } }); } FacetList.prototype.recursiveRender = function(depth,facetState,facetData,tree,parent,args){ var h = ''; var self = this; var children = tree[parent].children; var displayZeros = (typeof this.displayZeros != 'undefined') ? this.displayZeros : true; if (!parent) { if (self.singleSelect) { h += '<ul class="facet-nav facet-radio-buttons">'; } else { h += '<ul class="facet-list">'; } h += this.renderAllButton(facetState,facetData); } else { h += '<ul>' if (typeof this.facetHeaders === 'function') h += this.facetHeaders(depth); } if (this.sortfn){ children.sort(function(a,b){ var nodea = tree[a].node; var nodeb = tree[b].node; return self.sortfn(nodea,nodeb); }); } else if (this.sort == 'Alpha') children.sort(function(a,b){ // if it is a set of numbers, then sort naturally, else sort alphabetically var nodea = tree[a].node.label.toLowerCase(); var nodeb = tree[b].node.label.toLowerCase(); var ai = parseInt(nodea); var bi = parseInt(nodeb); if (isNaN(ai) || isNaN(bi)) { if(nodea < nodeb) return -1; if(nodea > nodeb) return 1; return 0; } else { if(ai < bi) return -1; if(ai > bi) return 1; return 0; } }) var hasCheckedChild = false; for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { var childID = children[i]; if (tree[childID].checked == true || tree[childID].softchecked == true) { hasCheckedChild = true; } } var hasMore = false; var childrenCount = 0; for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { var childID = children[i]; if (!childID) continue; var node = tree[childID].node; var safeId = this.key + childID.replace('"','\"'); var liStyle = ' data-term-id="'+safeId+'" data-term-count="'+node.count+'"'; if (!args.simple && this.moreLimit && childrenCount > (this.moreLimit - 1) && !tree[childID].checked && depth == 0 && !self.moreExpanded && (this.moreStyle != 'Default' || !hasCheckedChild)) { liStyle += ' style="display:none"'; hasMore = true; } if ((node.count > 0 && !displayZeros) || displayZeros) childrenCount += 1; // single select if (node['class'] == 'custom-date') { var fromval = ''; var toval = ''; for (var key in this.facetState) { if (key.indexOf('TO') > -1) { var from = new Date(key.split('TO')[0]); var to = new Date(key.split('TO')[1]); fromval = (from.getMonth() + 1) + '/' + from.getDate() + '/' + from.getFullYear() + '' + (from.getMonth() + 1) + '-' + from.getDate() toval = (to.getMonth() + 1) + '/' + to.getDate() + '/' + to.getFullYear() + '' + (to.getMonth() + 1) + '-' + to.getDate() // + 'TO' + to.getFullYear() + '-' + (to.getMonth() + 1) + '-' + to.getDate(); } } h += '<li class="toggle-container"><a href="#" class="toggle-button ink">'+node.label + '</a>'; h += '<div class="toggle-show">' h += '<div class="shim12"></div>'; //h += '<input name="startdate" type="text" class="field" data-mask="date" placeholder="mm/dd/yyyy" value="'+fromval+'" style="width: 84px;padding-left: 7px;font-size: 13px; padding-right: 0px;" /> '; //h += '<span class="mu" style="padding-left:2px;padding-right:5px;">TO</span>' //h += '<input name="enddate" type="text" class="field" data-mask="date" placeholder="mm/dd/yyyy" value="'+toval+'"style="width: 84px;padding-left: 7px;font-size: 13px; padding-right: 0px;" />'; h += '<div class="datepicker-container" style="float:left"><input name="startdate" type="text" class="field date-range" value="'+fromval +'" placeholder="mm/dd/yyyy" data-mask="date" style="width: 81px;padding-left: 7px;font-size: 12px; padding-right: 0px;" aria-label="Start Date" /></div> '; h += '<div class="mu" style="padding:8px 5px;float:left;">TO</div>'; h += '<div class="datepicker-container" style="float:left"><input name="enddate" type="text" class="field date-range" value="'+toval +'" placeholder="mm/dd/yyyy" data-mask="date" style="width: 81px;padding-left: 7px;font-size: 12px; padding-right: 0px;" aria-label="End Date" /></div>'; h += '<div class="clear"></div>'; h += '<div class="shim16"></div>'; h += '<input type="button" class="btn-submit facetctrl-ajax-date" value="Search Date Range" />'; h += '<div class="shim8"></div>'; h += '</div></li>'; } else if (self.singleSelect && (node.count > 0 || self.alwaysActive)) { var facetHref = this.facetCtrl.removeFilterHref(this.key); facetHref = this.facetCtrl.addFilterHref(this.key,node.param,facetHref); var color = tree[childID].checked == true ? 'mu ink' : 'ink' h += '<li'+liStyle+'><a href="'+facetHref+'" class="'+color+' facetctrl-ajax-link">'+node.label; if (this.displayCounts) h += this.facetCtrl.formatCount(node); h += '</a>'; if (tree[childID].checked || tree[childID].softchecked == true) { h += this.recursiveRender(depth+1,facetState,facetData,tree,node.id,args); } h += '</li>'; // disabled single select } else if (self.singleSelect) { var facetHref = this.facetCtrl.removeFilterHref(this.key); facetHref = this.facetCtrl.addFilterHref(this.key,node.param,facetHref); var color = tree[childID].checked == true ? 'ink' : 'ink' h += '<li'+liStyle+' class="facet-disabled"><a href="'+facetHref+'" class="'+color+' facetctrl-ajax-link">'+node.label; if (this.displayCounts) h += this.facetCtrl.formatCount(node); h += '</a>'; h += '</li>'; } else if ((tree[childID].checked == true && node.count > 0) || (tree[childID].checked == true && node.count == 0 && displayZeros)) { var facetHref = this.facetCtrl.removeFilterHref(this.key,node.param); facetHref = this.removeChildLinks(node.id,facetHref,facetData); // if there is a parent, and no siblings are selected if (node.termParent) { facetHref = this.facetCtrl.addFilterHref(this.key,node.termParent,facetHref); } if (this.href) facetHref = this.href(facetHref); h += '<li'+liStyle+'><a class="ink nu facetctrl-ajax-link checked facet-link" href="'+facetHref+'" rel="nofollow"><div class="facet-link-icon">'+this.facetCtrl.getIcon('checkbox-checked', node.label)+'</div><div class="facet-link-label">'+node.label; if (this.displayCounts) h += this.facetCtrl.formatCount(node); h += '</div></a>'; h += this.recursiveRender(depth+1,facetState,facetData,tree,node.id,args); h += '</li>'; } else if (tree[childID].softchecked == true) { // parent of checked elements var facetHref = this.facetCtrl.addFilterHref(this.key,node.param); facetHref = this.removeChildLinks(node.id,facetHref,facetData); if (this.href) facetHref = this.href(facetHref); h += '<li'+liStyle+'><a class="ink nu facetctrl-ajax-link softchecked facet-link" href="'+facetHref+'" rel="nofollow"><div class="facet-link-icon">'+this.facetCtrl.getIcon('checkbox', node.label)+'</div><div class="facet-link-label">'+node.label; if (this.displayCounts) h += this.facetCtrl.formatCount(node); h += '</div></a>'; h += this.recursiveRender(depth+1,facetState,facetData,tree,node.id,args); h += '</li>'; } else if (node.count == 0 && displayZeros) { // disabled h += '<li'+liStyle+' class="facet-disabled"><a class="ink nu facet-link" href="#"><div class="facet-link-icon">'+this.facetCtrl.getIcon('checkbox', node.label)+'</div><div class="facet-link-label">'+node.label; if (this.displayCounts) h += this.facetCtrl.formatCount(node); h += '</div></a>'; h += '</li>'; } else if (node.count > 0 || (node.count == 0 && displayZeros)) { // a normal link var facetHref = this.facetCtrl.addFilterHref(this.key,node.param); if (this.multiple == false) facetHref = this.facetCtrl.setFilterHref(this.key,node.param); facetHref = this.removeParentLinks(node.parentID,facetHref,facetData); if (this.href) facetHref = this.href(facetHref); h += '<li'+liStyle+'><a class="ink nu facetctrl-ajax-link facet-link" href="'+facetHref+'" rel="nofollow"><div class="facet-link-icon">'+this.facetCtrl.getIcon('checkbox', node.label)+'</div><div class="facet-link-label">'+node.label; if (this.displayCounts) h += this.facetCtrl.formatCount(node); h += '</div></a>'; h += '</li>'; } } if (h == '<ul>') return ''; if (this.links && this.links.length > 0) { for (var i = 0;i<this.links.length;i++) { var html = this.links[i]; h += '<li class="text-link"><a href="'; h += html.link + '" class="' h += html.class + '">'; h += html.text + '</a></li>'; } } h += '</ul>'; if (this.addValue) { h += '<div style="margin: 3px 0 0 1px;" class="toggle-container"><a href="#" class="ash toggle-button toggle-hide">+ Add</a><input type="text" class="toggle-show toggle-focus facetctrl-autocomplete" data-facet="'+this.key+'"/><div class="facetctrl-autocomplete-container facetctrl-autocomplete-small" style="position:absolute"></div></div>'; } if (hasMore && this.moreStyle == 'Default') { h += '<div class="more default-more" style="margin: 8px 0 8px"><span class="txt-arrow" aria-hidden="true">→</span> <a href="#" role="button" title="Load More '+this.label+' Filters">'+ (this.moreText || 'More') +'</a></div>'; } if (hasMore && this.moreStyle == 'AZList') { h += '<div class="more az-more" style="margin: 8px 0 8px"><span class="txt-arrow" aria-hidden="true">→</span> <a href="#" role="button" title="Load More '+this.label+' Filters">'+ (this.moreText || 'More') +'</a></div>'; } return h; } FacetList.prototype.removeChildLinks = function(parentTermID,href,facetData){ for (var i = 0; i < facetData.length; i++) { var v = facetData[i]; var termID = v.id; var termParent = v.parentID; if (termParent == parentTermID) { href = this.facetCtrl.removeFilterHref(this.key,v.param || v.id,href); href = this.removeChildLinks(termID,href,facetData); } } return href; } FacetList.prototype.removeParentLinks = function(parentTermID,href,facetData){ if (!parentTermID) return href; href = this.facetCtrl.removeFilterHref(this.key,parentTermID,href); return href; } /* ---------------------------------------------- * * Facet AZList * * ---------------------------------------------- */ function FacetAZList(args) { for (key in args) { this[key] = args[key]; } } FacetAZList.prototype.render = function() { var h = this.facetCtrl.facetStartHTML(this); var facetKey = this.key; if (this.facetCtrl.getData(this.key).length > 0) { h += '<div class="az-list" role="group" aria-label="Filter by first letter for ' + this.label+ '">'; var letters = "A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z".split(' '); for (var i = 0; i < letters.length; i++) { var l = letters[i]; if (this.hasAZListResults(l)) { h += '<a href="#" role="button" aria-label="Letter '+l+' - Filter for ' + this.label + '" class="letter" data-letter="'+l+'" data-facet="'+facetKey+'">'+l+'</a>'; } else { h += '<a class="disabled" role="button" aria-label="Letter '+l+' - Filter for ' + this.label + '" data-letter="'+l+'" data-facet="'+facetKey+'">'+l+'</a>'; } } h += '</div>'; h += '<div class="clear"></div>' h += '<div class="az-results"></div>'; h += this.facetCtrl.facetEndHTML(this.label,this.key,this.toggleOption); return h; } return ''; } FacetAZList.prototype.hasAZListResults = function(letter) { var facetData = this.facetCtrl.getData(this.key); var displayZeros = (typeof this.displayZeros != 'undefined') ? this.displayZeros : false; for (var i = 0; i < facetData.length; i++) { var v = facetData[i]; if (v.label.toLowerCase().indexOf(letter.toLowerCase()) == 0 && (v.count > 0 || displayZeros)) { return true; } } return false; } FacetAZList.prototype.renderAZListResults = function(letter) { var container = this.facetCtrl.jQuery('.facet-name-'+this.key).find('.az-results'); var h = ''; var facetData = this.facetCtrl.getData(this.key); facetData = facetData.sort(function(a,b){ if (a.label < b.label) return -1; return 1; }) var facetState = this.facetCtrl.getState(this.key); var displayZeros = (typeof this.displayZeros != 'undefined') ? this.displayZeros : false; h += '<br/><ul class="unbulleted">'; for (var i = 0; i < facetData.length; i++) { var v = facetData[i]; var termLabel = v.label; var termID = v.id; var count = ''; if (this.displayCounts) count += this.facetCtrl.formatCount(v); if (termLabel.toLowerCase().indexOf(letter.toLowerCase()) == 0) { if (facetState[termID] == true && v.count > 0) { var href = this.facetCtrl.removeFilterHref(this.key,termID); h += '<li><a class="nu ash facetctrl-ajax-link" href="'+href+'" rel="nofollow" role="button">'+termLabel+count+'</a></li>'; } else if (facetState[termID] == true && displayZeros) { var href = this.facetCtrl.removeFilterHref(this.key,termID); h += '<li class="facet-disabled">'+termLabel+count+'</li>'; } else if (v.count > 0) { var href = this.facetCtrl.addFilterHref(this.key,termID); h += '<li><a class="nu ink facetctrl-ajax-link" href="'+href+'" rel="nofollow" role="button">'+termLabel+count+'</a></li>'; } else if (displayZeros) { var href = this.facetCtrl.addFilterHref(this.key,termID); h += '<li class="facet-disabled">'+termLabel+'</li>'; } } } h += '</ul>' container.html(h); } FacetAZList.prototype.bindEvents = function(){ var self = this; this.facetCtrl.jQuery('.facet-name-'+this.key).on("click","a.letter",function(){ $(this).parent().find(".active").removeClass("active"); $(this).addClass("active"); self.renderAZListResults($(this).data('letter')); return false; }); var facetData = this.facetCtrl.getData(this.key); var facetState = this.facetCtrl.getState(this.key); if (facetState) { for (var key in facetState) { for (var i = 0; i < facetData.length; i++) { var v = facetData[i]; var termLabel = v.label; var termID = v.id; var letter = termLabel.toUpperCase().substring(0,1); if (termID == key) { this.facetCtrl.jQuery('.facet-name-'+this.key).find("a.letter[data-letter='"+letter+"']").click();; } } } } } /* ---------------------------------------------- * * Facet Select * * ---------------------------------------------- */ function FacetSelect(args) { this.disabled = false; for (key in args) { this[key] = args[key]; } } FacetSelect.prototype.render = function() { var h = this.facetCtrl.facetStartHTML(this); var id = this.facetCtrl.newGuid() h += '<div class="row"><div class="span1 mu" style="margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:5px;"><label for="'+id+'">' + this.selectLabel + "</label></div><div class='span2'>" h += '<div class="field-select2 nu field-select2-mini">'; h += '<select id="'+id+'">'; var facetState = this.facetCtrl.getState(this.key); for (var i = 0;i<this.options.length;i++) { var termID = this.options[i][1]; var termLabel = this.options[i][0]; if (facetState[termID] == true ) { h += '<option value="'+termID+'" selected="selected">'+termLabel+'</option>'; } else { h += '<option value="'+termID+'">'+termLabel+'</option>'; } } h += '</select></div></div></div>'; h += this.facetCtrl.facetEndHTML(this.label,this.key,this.toggleOption); return h; } FacetSelect.prototype.bindEvents = function(){ var self = this; this.facetCtrl.jQuery('.facet-name-'+this.key+'').on("change","select",function(){ var selectedVal = $('option:selected',this).attr('value'); var href = self.facetCtrl.setFilterHref(self.key,selectedVal); if (self.facetCtrl.ajax) { self.facetCtrl.history.pushState(null, null, href); } else { document.location.href = href; } return true; }); } FacetSelect.prototype.disable = function(){ this.disabled = true; } FacetSelect.prototype.enable = function(){ this.disabled = false; } /* ---------------------------------------------- * * Facet Boolean * * ---------------------------------------------- */ function FacetBoolean(args) { for (key in args) { this[key] = args[key]; } } FacetBoolean.prototype.render = function() { var h = this.facetCtrl.facetStartHTML(this); h += '<div class="nu">'; for (var i = 0;i<this.options.length;i++) { var termID = this.options[i][1]; var termLabel = this.options[i][0]; h += ' <input type="checkbox" name="'; h += this.groupName + '" value="' + termID + '"></input>'; h += ' ' + termLabel + '<br/>'; } h += '</div>'; h += this.facetCtrl.facetEndHTML(this.label,this.key,this.toggleOption); return h; } FacetBoolean.prototype.bindEvents = function(){} /* ---------------------------------------------- * * Facet Clear * * ---------------------------------------------- */ function FacetClear(args) { for (key in args) { this[key] = args[key]; } } FacetClear.prototype.render = function() { var canClear = false; var href = this.facetCtrl.getFilterHref(); for (var i = 0;i<this.facetCtrl.parsedFacetState.length;i++) { var d = this.facetCtrl.parsedFacetState[i]; var facetKey = d[0]; var facetVal = d[1]; if(this.facetCtrl.isFacet(facetKey)){ href = this.facetCtrl.removeFilterHref(facetKey,facetVal,href); canClear = true; } } if (canClear) { return '<div class="facet-control facet-clear"><a href="'+href+'" class="btn-submit facetctrl-ajax-link facet-clear-all facetctrl-event-clear">Clear All Selections</a></div>'; } else { return ''; } } FacetClear.prototype.bindEvents = function(){} /* ---------------------------------------------- * * Facet HTML * * ---------------------------------------------- */ function FacetHTML(args) { for (key in args) { this[key] = args[key]; } } FacetHTML.prototype.render = function() { return this.html; } FacetHTML.prototype.bindEvents = function(){} /* ---------------------------------------------- * * Facet Group * * ---------------------------------------------- */ function FacetGroup(args) { for (key in args) { this[key] = args[key]; } this.children = []; } FacetGroup.prototype.append = function(facet){ this.children.push(facet); } FacetGroup.prototype.getFacets = function(){ var k = [] for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++ ) { k.push(this.children[i]) } return k; } FacetGroup.prototype.render = function(){ var h = ""; if (this.label) h += this.facetCtrl.facetStartHTML(this); h += '<div class="facet-group">'; var lastType = ''; for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++ ) { var fhtml = this.children[i].render(); lastType = this.children[i].constructor.name if (fhtml) { h += '<div class="facet-container-'+ ( this.children[i].key || i ) +'">'; h += '<div class="hr3"></div>' h += fhtml; h += '</div>'; } } if (lastType != 'FacetHTML') { h += '<div class="hr3 facet-last-hr"></div>' } h += '</div>'; if (this.label) h += this.facetCtrl.facetEndHTML(this.label,this.key,this.toggleOption); return h; } FacetGroup.prototype.bindEvents = function(){ for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++ ) { this.children[i].bindEvents(); } $(".toggle-container",this.facetCtrl.container).each(function(){ var $c = $(this); if ($(this).hasClass('analytics-bound')) return; $(this).addClass('analytics-bound'); $('> div > .kappa-uc > .toggle-button',$c).on('click',function(){ var id = $c.attr('id'); if (!id) return; if ($(this).find('.icon-plusbox').length == 0) { if (window.analytics) analytics.event(id.toLowerCase()+'-closed') } else { if (window.analytics) analytics.event(id.toLowerCase()+'-opened') } return true; }) }) } /* ---------------------------------------------- * * Facet Controller * * ---------------------------------------------- */ function FacetController(args) { for (key in args) { this[key] = args[key]; } this.ajaxCache = {}; this.ajaxEventsBound = false; this.ajaxConnectionActive = false; this.jQuery = FacetController.libs.jQuery; this.history = FacetController.libs.History; this.imagesLoaded = FacetController.libs.ImagesLoaded; this.facets = []; this.language = 'en'; if (document.location.href.indexOf('/cn/') > -1) { this.language = 'cn'; } } FacetController.prototype.bindEvents = function(){ if (this.group) this.group.bindEvents(); if (this.groupMobile) { this.groupMobile.bindEvents(); } if (this.ajax && this.history && this.ajaxEventsBound == false) { this.bindAjaxEvents(); } this.autocompleteEvents(); // add accessibility tags $(".facetctrl-ajax-html,.facetctrl-results").attr('aria-live','polite') } FacetController.prototype.newGuid = function() { return 'Axxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/[xy]/g, function(c) { var r = Math.random() * 16 | 0, v = c == 'x' ? r : (r & 0x3 | 0x8); return v.toString(16); }).toUpperCase(); } FacetController.prototype.autocompleteEvents = function(){ if(typeof $(".facetctrl-autocomplete").autocomplete == 'function' && $(".facetctrl-autocomplete").not('.autocomplete-installed').length > 0){ $.ui.autocomplete.prototype._renderItem = function( ul, item) { var t = item.label; var parts = this.term.split(' '); for (var i = 0;i<parts.length;i++) { if (parts[i]) { var re = new RegExp(parts[i], "ig"); t = t.replace(re,'<b>' + parts[i] + "</b>"); } } t = t.replace(/<<b>b<\/b>>/g,'<b>'); t = t.replace(/<\/<b>b<\/b>>/g,'</b>'); if (t.indexOf('<b>') == -1 && item.highlight) t = item.highlight if (item.collection) t = t + ' <b class="sub">in ' + item.collection + '</b>'; return $( "<li></li>" ) .data( "item.autocomplete", item ) .append( "<a>" + t + "</a>" ) .appendTo( ul ); }; $(".facetctrl-autocomplete").each(function(){ var container = $(this).parent().find('.facetctrl-autocomplete-container'); $(this).autocomplete({ source: function(request,response) { var facet = $(this.element).data('facet'); var extra = ''; if (facet) { extra = facet = '&facet='+facet} $.ajax({ url: '?' + document.location.search.replace('?','') + '&_autocomplete=1&step=6&_q='+encodeURIComponent(request.term) + extra, //url: '?_autocomplete=1&q='+encodeURIComponent(request.term) + extra, dataType: 'json', contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8', success: function(data, status, resp) { var r = []; r = $.map(data,function(item,index){ var t = item.t; var v = item.t; if (t.indexOf('|l=') > -1) { v = t.split('|t=')[1].split('|')[0]; t = t.split('|l=')[1].split('|')[0]; } return { label: t, highlight: item.highlight, value: v } }) response(r); } }); }, minLength: self.minLength ? self.minLength : 1, delay: self.delay ? self.delay : 0, select: function( event, ui ) { var href = ''; var facet = $(this).data('facet'); if (facet) { href = self.facetCtrl.addFilterHref(facet || 'q',ui.item.value); } else { href = self.facetCtrl.setFilterHref(facet || 'q',ui.item.value); } if (self.facetCtrl.ajax) { self.facetCtrl.history.pushState(null, null, href); } else { document.location.href = href; } }, appendTo: container }) $(this).addClass('autocomplete-installed'); }) } } FacetController.prototype.bindAjaxEvents = function(){ var self = this; self.ajaxEventsBound = true; try { // course schedule viewer iframe doesn't like this this.state = this.history.getState(); } catch (error) { } $(window).unbind('.search1'); this.history.Adapter.bind(window,'statechange.search1',function(){ if (window.analytics) analytics.pageView(document.location.href); self.updateState(); }); $(this.container).on('reload',function(){ self.updateState({force:true}); }) window.wcmReload = function(){ self.updateState({force:true, timeout:30000}); } $(this.container).on("click",".facetctrl-ajax-link",function(e){ // nasty history.js bug https://github.com/balupton/history.js/pull/64 // use this version instead https://github.com/andreasbernhard/history.js if (self.isLoading()) { return false; } $(this).trigger('icontoggle') if ($(this).parents('.facetctrl-sticky-target').length) { self.facetCtrl.closeFacets = true; // looks like a bug } if (window.analytics) { if ($(this).hasClass('facetctrl-event-clear')) analytics.event("clear-search") } if ($(this).hasClass('facetctrl-scroll-top')) { if (document.getElementById('s4-workspace')) { $('#s4-workspace,html,body').animate({scrollTop: 0}, 0,'swing',function(){ }); } else { $('html,body').animate({scrollTop: 0}, 0,'swing',function(){ }); } } var href = this.href; /*if (href.indexOf('page=') > -1){ href += '&_ajax_pagination=1' }*/ if (!e.screenX) { // keyboard click self.saveFocus($(this).parent().data('term-id')); } self.history.pushState(null, null, href); return false; }) $(this.container).on("click","a.facetctrl-ajax-nextpage",function(){ // load more results, but don't change the facets or the URL if (window.analytics) analytics.event("show-more") if (self.isLoading()) { return false; } var href = this.href; self.nextPage(href); return false; }) $(this.container).on("click","a.facetctrl-ajax-pages",function(){ // load more results, but don't change the facets if (self.isLoading()) { return false; } var href = this.href; self.nextPage(href); return false; }) function inputchange(el){ var name = $(el).attr('name'); var val = $(el).val(); var oldval = framework.URI().search(true)[name]; var oldhref = self.getFilterHref(); var href = self.setFilterHref(name,val); if (oldhref != href && val != oldval) { self.history.pushState(null, null, href); } } $(this.container).on("blur update",".facetctrl-ajax-input",function(){ inputchange(this); }); $(this.container).on("focus",".facetctrl-ajax-input",function(){ $(this).unbind('keypress.facetctrl'); $(this).bind('keypress.facetctrl',function(e){ if (e.which == 13) { inputchange(this); $(this).trigger('enter'); return false; } }) }); /* $(this.container).on("keydown",".facetctrl-ajax-input",function(e){ if(e.which == 13) { alert('inputchange'); //inputchange(this); e.preventDefault(); return false; } else { return true; } return false; }); */ $(this.container).on("change",".facetctrl-radio-grp input",function(){ var name = $(this).attr('name'); var val = $(this).val(); var href = self.setFilterHref(name,val); self.history.pushState(null, null, href); }) $(this.container).on("closed",".facetctrl-ajax-facet",function(){ $(".facetctrl-ajax-facet-target",this).html(''); }) function drawFacet(thisInput,refresh) { var facet = $(thisInput).data('facet'); if (!refresh) { $(".facetctrl-ajax-facet-target",thisInput).html('Loading...'); } $(".facetctrl-ajax-facet-target",thisInput).addClass('facetctrl-loading'); var url = framework.URI().setQuery({"_autocomplete":1,"step":"9999","facet":facet}).removeQuery("debug").search() $.ajax({ url: url, dataType: 'json', contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8', success: function(data, status, resp) { var checked = {}; for (var j = 0;j<self.parsedFacetState.length;j++) { var d = self.parsedFacetState[j]; var facetKey = d[0]; var facetValue = d[1]; if (facetKey == facet) { checked[facetValue] = 1 } } var html = ['<ul class="facet-list nu filtering-list facetctrl-fade">'] var hasResults = false; if ($(thisInput).data('facet-sort').indexOf('alpha') != -1) { data = data.sort(function(a,b){ if (a.t > b.t) return 1; if (a.t < b.t) return -1; return 0; }) } if ($(thisInput).data('facet-sort').indexOf('numeric') != -1) { data = data.sort(function(a,b){ var numa = parseInt(a.t,10); var numb = parseInt(b.t,10); if (numa > numb) return 1; if (numa < numb) return -1; return 0; }) } if ($(thisInput).data('facet-sort').indexOf('reverse') != -1) { data.reverse(); } for (var i = 0;i<data.length;i++){ var d = data[i]; var count = self.formatCount(d); var li; if (checked[d.t]) { li = '<li><a class="ink facetctrl-ajax-toggle" href="#" data-facet="'+facet+'" data-value="'+encodeURIComponent(d.t)+'"><span class="icon-checkbox-checked"></span>'+d.t+count+'</a></li>' } else { li = '<li><a class="ink facetctrl-ajax-toggle" href="#"data-facet="'+facet+'" data-value="'+encodeURIComponent(d.t)+'"><span class="icon-checkbox"></span>'+d.t+count+'</a></li>' } html.push(li) hasResults = true; } html.push('</ul>') if (hasResults) { $(".facetctrl-ajax-facet-show-if-results",thisInput).show(); $(".facetctrl-ajax-facet-target",thisInput).html(html.join('')) } else { $(".facetctrl-ajax-facet-target",thisInput).html('No options'); } $(".facetctrl-ajax-facet-target .facetctrl-ajax-toggle").on('click',function(){ var facet = $(this).data('facet'); var value = decodeURIComponent($(this).data('value')); if ($(this).find('.icon-checkbox-checked').length) { $(this).find('.icon-checkbox-checked').toggleClass('icon-checkbox-checked icon-checkbox'); var href = self.removeFilterHref(facet,value); self.history.pushState(null, null, href); } else { $(this).find('.icon-checkbox').toggleClass('icon-checkbox-checked icon-checkbox'); var href = self.addFilterHref(facet,value); self.history.pushState(null, null, href); } //drawFacet(thisInput,true); //jg //$(self.container).one("facetctrl.update.complete",function(){ // drawFacet(thisInput,true); //}); return false; }) $(".facetctrl-ajax-facet-target",thisInput).parent().scrollTop(1).scrollTop(0); // toggle scrollbar for ios $(".dropdown-menu3",thisInput).trigger('reposition'); $(".facetctrl-ajax-facet-target",thisInput).removeClass('facetctrl-loading'); }, error: function(xhdr,msg,err){ console.error(msg); } }); } $(this.container).on("opened",".facetctrl-ajax-facet",function(){ drawFacet(this); }) $(this.container).on("change","select.facetctrl-field",function(){ var name = $(this).attr('name'); var val = $(this).val(); var href = self.setFilterHref(name,val); self.history.pushState(null, null, href); }) $(window).bind('scroll.search1',function(){ if (!$("html").hasClass('ua-desktop')) { var target = $('.facetctrl-sticky-target').eq(0); var istarget = $('.facetctrl-sticky-target').length; if (target && istarget) { var ypos = $(this).scrollTop(); var targetTop = target.offset().top; if (ypos > targetTop) { $('.facetctrl-sticky').addClass('active'); } else { $('.facetctrl-sticky').removeClass('active'); } } } }); $('.facetctrl-sticky a').click(function(){ $('.facetctrl-sticky-target .toggle-container:not(.toggled) a.toggle-button').eq(0).click(); }); } FacetController.prototype.formatCount = function(node) { var num = node.count || node.c || ''; if (num == '') return ''; return ' ('+num.replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g, ",")+')'; } FacetController.prototype.nextPage = function(url){ this.loading(); var self = this; self.ajaxConnectionActive = true; jQuery.ajax( { url: url, timeout:5000, success:function(data){ self.data.page += 1; self.redraw(data,true); self.doneLoading(); self.ajaxConnectionActive = false; $(self.container).trigger("facetctrl.nextpage.complete"); }, error: function(){ document.location = url.replace('_ajax_pagination=1','') } }) } FacetController.prototype.updateState = function(args){ this.historyState = this.history.getState(); this.ajaxConnectionActive = true; var args = args || {}; args.force = args.force || false; var url = this.historyState.url; if (this.ajaxCache[url] && args.force == false) { var self = this; this.loading(); window.setTimeout(function(){ var data = self.ajaxCache[url]; self.redraw(data); self.doneLoading(); self.ajaxConnectionActive = false; $(self.container).trigger("facetctrl.update.complete"); },400); } else { this.loading(); var self = this; jQuery.ajax( { url: this.historyState.url, timeout:args.timeout || 5000, success:function(data){ console.timeEnd('dataLoaded'); console.time('redraw'); //self.ajaxCache[self.historyState.url] = data; // save memory self.redraw(data); self.doneLoading(); self.ajaxConnectionActive = false; $(self.container).trigger("facetctrl.update.complete"); console.timeEnd('redraw'); }, error: function(){ if (!window.wcm) {document.location = self.historyState.url} } }) } } FacetController.prototype.loading = function(){ console.time('dataLoaded'); $(this.container).addClass("facetctrl-loading"); framework.progress.start(); } FacetController.prototype.doneLoading = function(){ var self = this; self.restoreFocus() window.setTimeout(function(){ $(self.container).removeClass("facetctrl-loading"); framework.progress.done(); if (window.dlg) {window.dlg.close()}; },1) } FacetController.prototype.isLoading = function(){ return this.ajaxConnectionActive; } FacetController.prototype.getIcon = function(icon, alt){ if (icon == 'checkbox') { return '<span class="icon-checkbox icon-svg"><img src="https://d1gfwsbop52idw.cloudfront.net/static/shared/images/framework/3.0/icon-checkbox.svg" tab-index="0" aria-checked="false" role="checkbox" alt="" aria-label="' + alt +'"/></span>' } if (icon == 'checkbox-checked') { return '<span class="icon-checkbox-checked icon-svg"><img src="https://d1gfwsbop52idw.cloudfront.net/static/shared/images/framework/3.0/icon-checkbox-checked.svg" tab-index="0" aria-checked="true" role="checkbox" alt="" aria-label="' + alt +'" aria-checked="true"/></span>' } } FacetController.prototype.updateInputFields = function(){ for (var i = 0;i<this.facets.length;i++) { var facet = this.facets[i].key; var facetValue = null; for (var j = 0;j<this.parsedFacetState.length;j++) { var d = this.parsedFacetState[j]; var facetKey = d[0]; if (facetKey == facet) { facetValue = d[1]; } } if (facetValue == null) { $(this.container).find('input:text').each(function(){ if (this.name == facet && $(this).val() != '' && !$(this).is(':focus')) { $(this).val('') } }) } else { $(this.container).find('input:text').each(function(){ if (this.name == facet && !$(this).is(':focus') && !$(this).hasClass('facetctrl-ajax-textq')) { $(this).val(facetValue) } }) } } } FacetController.prototype.redraw = function(data,append){ // sync html areas var self = this; var newdoc = document.createElement('div'); newdoc.innerHTML = data; // new result has no isotope, uninstall it if (data && $(newdoc).find(".facetctrl-isotope-results").length == 0) { $(this.container).find(".facetctrl-isotope-results").removeClass('facetctrl-isotope-results'); } // isotope container already exists, and new result has more isotope var isotopeInserted = false; $(this.container).find(".facetctrl-isotope-results.isotope-installed").each(function(){ self.redrawIsotope(data,this,append); isotopeInserted = true; }) if (data) { var id = $(self.container).attr('id'); $(newdoc).find("#" + id + " .facetctrl-ajax-classes").each(function(i){ var classes = $(this).attr('class'); $(self.container).find(".facetctrl-ajax-classes").eq(i).attr('class',classes); }) $(newdoc).find("#" + id + " .facetctrl-ajax-html").each(function(i){ var html = $(this).html(); if ($(this).hasClass('facetctrl-ajax-noupdate')) { // pass } else if ($(this).hasClass('facetctrl-ajax-append') && append) { $(self.container).find(".facetctrl-ajax-html").eq(i).append('<div class="facetctrl-appended">'+html+'</div>'); } else if (!append) { $(self.container).find(".facetctrl-ajax-html").eq(i).html(html); } }) $(newdoc).find("#" + id + " .facetctrl-results").each(function(){ var html = $(this).html(); if (append && !isotopeInserted) { $(self.container).find(".facetctrl-results").append('<div class="facetctrl-appended">'+html+'</div>'); } else if (!isotopeInserted) { $(self.container).find(".facetctrl-results").html(html); } else { $(self.container).find('.facetctrl-no-results').remove() $(self.container).find('.facetctrl-results').append($(this).find('.facetctrl-no-results')); } }); var facetState = document.location.search; if (append) { $(document).trigger('framework.domupdate'); } else { eval($(newdoc).find("script[type='text/facetconfig']").html()); var facetData = eval($(newdoc).find("script[type='text/facetdata']").html()); self.loadData(facetData,facetState); self.render(); } var newtitle = $(newdoc).find('title').eq(0).text() if (newtitle) document.title = newtitle; $(self.container).trigger("facetctrl.ajax.complete",{"html":data}); } // isotope container was newly installed $(this.container).find(".facetctrl-isotope-results").each(function(){ if (!$(this).hasClass("isotope-installed")) { $(this).addClass("isotope-installed"); self.installIsotope(this); self.redrawIsotope(data,this,append); } }) if (self.closeFacets) { $(this.container).find('.toggle-button').click(); framework.scrollTo(document.getElementById('search1-app')) self.closeFacets = false; } self.updatePagination(); if (window.authoring) window.authoring.reload(); } FacetController.prototype.redrawIsotope = function(data,results,append){ var $results = $(results); var self = this; if (data) { if (!append) { $(this.container).find(".facetctrl-isotope-element").removeClass("visible"); $(this.container).find(".facetctrl-isotope-element").hide(); } var div = document.createElement('div'); div.innerHTML = data; var $newItems = $(div).find(".facetctrl-isotope-element").filter(function(){ if (document.getElementById(this.id)) { var newposition = $(this).attr('data-position'); $(document.getElementById(this.id)).html($(this).html()); $(document.getElementById(this.id)).addClass("visible").attr('data-position',newposition); $(document.getElementById(this.id)).show(); return false; } return true; }); $newItems.addClass("visible"); this.iso.insert($newItems); } else { $(this.container).find(".facetctrl-isotope-element").addClass("visible"); } $(this.container).addClass('facetctrl-animating'); this.iso.reloadItems(); this.iso.on("layoutComplete",function(){ $(self.container).removeClass('facetctrl-animating'); $(document).trigger('framework.domupdate'); $('.facetctrl-isotope-results.invisible',self.container).removeClass('invisible'); if(typeof Widgets != 'undefined') $(document).ready(Widgets.refresh); }); var $container = $('.facetctrl-isotope-results'); $container.imagesLoaded( function() { iso.layout(); }); this.iso.arrange({filter:".visible"}) } FacetController.prototype.installIsotope = function(results){ //var windowSize = $(window).width(); var gutterWidth = 24; //var columnWidth = Math.floor(($('.facetctrl-isotope-results').width() / 3) - (2 * gutterWidth)); /*if (windowSize <= 650) { gutterWidth = 0; } else if (windowSize > 651 && windowSize < 1020 ) { gutterWidth = 8; } else if (windowSize >= 1020) { gutterWidth = 24;}*/ var options = { itemSelector : '.facetctrl-isotope-element', masonry: { gutter: gutterWidth }, getSortData : { position: function (itemElem) { var weight = $(itemElem).attr('data-position') return parseInt(weight); } }, sortBy: 'position' } this.iso = window.iso = new FacetController.libs.Isotope(results,options); var $container = $('.facetctrl-isotope-results'); $container.imagesLoaded( function() { iso.layout(); }); } FacetController.prototype.install = function(group){ this.group = group; this.facets = group.getFacets(); } FacetController.prototype.installMobile = function(groupMobile){ return; this.groupMobile= groupMobile; } FacetController.isReady = false; FacetController.ready = function(callback) { if (FacetController.isReady) { callback(); return; } var libs = [ 'https://webassets.hbs.edu/libs/isotope/isotope.pkgd.min.js', 'https://webassets.hbs.edu/libs/imagesloaded/imagesloaded.pkgd.min.js', 'https://webassets.hbs.edu/libs/jquery/history/jquery.history.js']; //if ($.ui) { //libs.splice(1,1) //} /*var link = document.createElement("link"); link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; link.href = 'http://www.hbs.edu/shared/components/search/search.css'; if (document.location.href.indexOf('dev.exed.hbs.edu') > -1) { link.href = 'http://webdev.hbs.edu/shared/components/search/search.css'; } document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(link);*/ requirejs.config({waitSeconds:60}); requirejs(libs,function(Isotope){ FacetController.libs = {} FacetController.libs.Isotope = Isotope; FacetController.libs.ImagesLoaded = window.ImagesLoaded; FacetController.libs.History = window.History; FacetController.libs.jQuery = window.jQuery; FacetController.isReady = true; callback(); }); } FacetController.prototype.loadData = function(facetData) { this.data = {}; this.data.facets = {}; this.data.pages = facetData.pages; this.data.page = facetData.page; this.data.query = facetData.query; this.data.breadcrumb = facetData.breadcrumb; this.data.total = facetData.total; this.state = {}; if (this.history && this.history.getState) { this.facetState = this.history.getState().url.split('#')[0]; } else { this.facetState = document.location.search.split('#')[0]; } this.parsedFacetState = this.getFacetStateFromQueryString(this.facetState); for (var i = 0;i<this.parsedFacetState.length;i++) { var d = this.parsedFacetState[i]; facetKey = d[0]; facetId = d[1]; if (!this.state[facetKey]) this.state[facetKey] = {}; this.state[facetKey][facetId] = true; } for (var i = 0;i<facetData.facets.length;i++) { var d = facetData.facets[i]; if (typeof d != 'undefined' && d.facet) { var facetKey = d.facet; if (d.packed && d.packed.indexOf('|') > -1) { var parts = d.packed.split('|'); d.id = parts[1].replace('t=',''); d.label = d.id; if (parts[2]) d.parentID = parts[2].replace('p=',''); } if (!this.data.facets[facetKey]) this.data.facets[facetKey] = []; if (!this.state[facetKey]) this.state[facetKey] = {}; this.data.facets[facetKey].push(d); } } }; FacetController.prototype.onRender = function(callback) { this.renderCallback = callback; } FacetController.prototype.render = function(callback) { this.renderCallback(); $(this.container).addClass('rendered'); var self = this; var refiners = []; var query = []; for (var i = 0;i<this.parsedFacetState.length;i++) { var d = this.parsedFacetState[i]; var facetKey = d[0]; var facetValue = d[1]; var facetLabel = this.findLabel(facetKey,facetValue); if(facetKey!='page' && facetKey != 'facet' && self.data.facets[facetKey] != undefined){ refiners.push(facetKey + ' : '+facetLabel); } if (facetKey == 'q') { query.push(facetValue); } } if (refiners.length > 0 || query) { var ttl = this.data.total; if (window.analytics) { analytics.search(query.join(" and ") || '',ttl || '',refiners); } else if (window.tagManager) { window.tagManager.getAnalytics(function(analytics){ analytics.search(query.join(" and ") || '',ttl || '',refiners); }) } else { window._analytics = window._analytics || []; window._analytics.push(function(){ analytics.search(query.join(" and ") || '',ttl || '',refiners); }); } } if (!this.setupComplete) { self.redraw(false); self.setupComplete = true; } if (this.onRefreshComplete) this.onRefreshComplete(); } FacetController.prototype.getState = function(key) { var facetState = this.state[key]; if (!facetState) return []; return facetState; } FacetController.prototype.isSelected = function(key) { for (var p in this.state[key]) { return true; } return false; } FacetController.prototype.getData = function(key) { var facetData = this.data.facets[key]; if (!facetData) return []; return facetData; } FacetController.prototype.saveFocus = function(key) { self.previousFocus = key } FacetController.prototype.restoreFocus = function() { if (self.previousFocus) { $(self.container).find('[data-term-id]').each(function(){ if ($(this).data('term-id') == self.previousFocus) { $(this).find('a').eq(0).focus(); } }) self.previousFocus = null } } //headerTitle,label,key,defaultCollapsed,disabled,deferLoad FacetController.prototype.facetStartHTML = function(facet) { var languageContainer = ''; var label = facet.label var key = facet.key; var defaultCollapsed = facet.defaultCollapsed; var disabled = facet.disabled; var deferLoad = facet.deferLoad; if (typeof Search != 'undefined' && typeof Search.Settings.LanguageContainer != 'undefined') languageContainer = Search.Settings.LanguageContainer; var h = '<div class="facet-control">'; if (defaultCollapsed && this.isSelected(key)) defaultCollapsed = false; var cls = (defaultCollapsed && !deferLoad) ? 'toggle-hide' : 'toggle-show'; var memory = ' has-memory'; if (this.isSelected(key)) memory = ''; if (typeof facet.toggle != 'undefined' && !facet.toggle) { h += '<div class="facet-name-'+key+'" id="facet-'+key+'">'; h += '<div><h2 class="kappa-uc">' + label+'</div></h2>'; h += '<div class="nu">'; } else if (disabled && label) { h += '<div class="facet-name-'+key+' facet-disabled">'; h += '<div><h2 class="kappa-uc"><a href="#" role="button" aria-expanded="false" class="toggle-button ' + languageContainer + ' black">'; h += '<span class="icon-plusbox"></span>'+label+'</a></h2>'; h += '</div>'; h += '<div class="nu hidden">'; } else if (disabled) { h += '<div class="nu hidden">'; } else if (label && deferLoad && this.getData(key).length == 0) { // nothing has been loaded yet var href = this.addFilterHref('facet',key); h += '<div class="facet-name-'+key+'">'; h += '<div><h2 class="kappa-uc"><a href="'+href+'" aria-expanded="false" class="facetctrl-ajax-link black">'; h += '<span class="icon-plusbox"></span>'+label+'</a></h2>'; h += '</div>'; h += '<div class="nu">'; } else if (label) { h += '<div class="toggle-container'+memory+' facet-name-'+key+'" id="facet-'+key+'">'; h += '<div class="'+cls+'"><h2 class="kappa-uc"><a href="#" role="button" aria-expanded="false" class="toggle-button ' + languageContainer + ' black">'; h += '<span class="icon-plusbox"></span>'+label+'</a></h2>'; h += '</div>'; cls = (defaultCollapsed && !deferLoad) ? 'toggle-show' : 'toggle-hide'; h += '<div class="'+cls+'"><h2 class="kappa-uc"><a href="#" aria-expanded="true" role="button" class="toggle-button ' + languageContainer + ' black">'; h += '<span class="icon-minusbox"></span>'+label+'</a></h2>'; h += '</div>'; h += '<div class="'+cls+' has-slide nu">'; } else { h += '<div class="facet-name-'+key+'"><div>' } return h; } FacetController.prototype.facetEndHTML = function() { var h = '</div></div></div>'; return h; } FacetController.prototype.renderNavigation = function(facetName) { var h = '<div class="facet-pattern2"><h2 class="visually-hidden">Filters</h2>'; if (facetName) { for (var i = 0; i < this.group.children.length; i++ ) { var facet = this.group.children[i]; if (facetName == facet.key) { return facet.render({simple:true}); } } } else { if (this.group) h += this.group.render(); } h += '</div>'; return h; } FacetController.prototype.renderNavigationMobile = function() { return ''; var h = '<div class="facet-pattern">'; h += this.groupMobile.render(); h += '</div>'; return h; } FacetController.prototype.isFacet = function(facetKey) { //if (facetKey == 'q') return false; if (facetKey == 'sort') return false; for (var i=0;i<this.facets.length;i++) { if (this.facets[i].key == facetKey) return true; } return false; } FacetController.prototype.getFacet = function(facetKey) { //if (facetKey == 'q') return false; for (var i=0;i<this.facets.length;i++) { if (this.facets[i].key == facetKey) return this.facets[i]; } return false; } FacetController.prototype.findLabel = function(facetKey, value, breadcrumb) { var d = this.getData(facetKey); if (d) { for (var i = 0;i<d.length;i++) { var data = d[i]; if (value == data.id || value == data.param) { var f = this.getFacet(data.facet); if (f && f.labelfn) { return f.labelfn(data.label,data,1);} if (breadcrumb && data.breadcrumb) return data.breadcrumb; return data.label; //Display Label } } } return value; } // make safe for printing FacetController.prototype.p = function(str) { if (!str) return ''; return str.replace(/\+/g,' ').replace(/</g,'<').replace(/>/g,'>').replace(/"/g,'"'); } FacetController.prototype.renderBreadcrumb = function(){ if (this.singleSelect) { for (var i = 0;i<this.parsedFacetState.length;i++) { var d = this.parsedFacetState[i]; var facetKey = d[0]; var facetValue = d[1]; var facetLabel = this.findLabel(facetKey,facetValue,1); if(this.isFacet(facetKey)){ var href = this.removeFilterHref(facetKey,facetValue); return '<h2 class="gamma">'+this.p(facetLabel) + '</h2>' } } } var bcrumb = ''; for (var i = 0;i<this.parsedFacetState.length;i++) { var d = this.parsedFacetState[i]; var facetKey = d[0]; var facetValue = d[1]; var facetLabel = this.findLabel(facetKey,facetValue,1); if(this.isFacet(facetKey)){ var href = this.removeFilterHref(facetKey,facetValue); bcrumb += '<a class="ink facetctrl-ajax-link facetctrl-event-clear" href="'+href+'">'+this.p(facetLabel)+'<span class="icon-circle-close-red"></span></a> <span class="txt-arrow eta" aria-hidden="true">→</span> '; } } if (bcrumb) {bcrumb = '<h2 class="eta">' + bcrumb + '</h2>'} return bcrumb; } FacetController.prototype.renderPagination = function(){ return '<div class="facetctrl-ajax-pagination"></div>' } FacetController.prototype.updatePagination = function(){ var self = this; $(this.container).find(".facetctrl-ajax-pagination").each(function(){ var qs = '?' + (window.SESSION_QUERYSTRING || ''); for (var i = 0;i<self.parsedFacetState.length;i++) { var d = self.parsedFacetState[i]; if ( d[0] != 'page') { qs += '&' + d[0] + '=' + encodeURIComponent(d[1]); } } if((self.data.page) < self.data.pages) { $(this).attr('style','text-align:center;display:block !important;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:32px;'); $(this).addClass('hbsred-bg').removeClass("hidden"); qs += '&_ajax_pagination=1&page=' + (self.data.page + 1); qs = qs.replace('?&','?'); var label = $(".btn-bar",self.container).text(); $(this).html('<a href="'+qs+'" role="button" class="facetctrl-ajax-nextpage white lambda-uc btn-bar hbsred-bg" title="Load More Results">'+label+'<span class="icon-expand-white" style="margin-left:10px;margin-bottom:1px;"></span></a>'); }else{ $(this).attr('style','display:none;'); } }); } FacetController.prototype.addFilterHref = function(key,val,querystring) { var qs = '?' + (window.SESSION_QUERYSTRING || ''); var found = false; for (var i = 0;i<this.parsedFacetState.length;i++) { var d = this.parsedFacetState[i]; if (d[0] == 'page') continue; qs += '&' + d[0] + '=' + encodeURIComponent(d[1]); if (d[0] == key && d[1] == val) found = true; } if (querystring) qs = querystring; if (!found) { qs += '&' + key + '=' + encodeURIComponent(val); } qs = qs.replace('?&','?'); return qs; } FacetController.prototype.removeFilterHref = function(key,val,href) { var qs = '?' + (window.SESSION_QUERYSTRING || ''); var facetState = this.parsedFacetState; if (href) facetState = this.getFacetStateFromQueryString(href); for (var i = 0;i<facetState.length;i++) { var d = facetState[i]; if (key == d[0] && val == d[1]) { //pass } else if (d[0] == 'page') { //pass } else if (key == d[0] && !val) { //pass } else { qs += '&' + d[0] + '=' + encodeURIComponent(d[1]); } } qs = qs.replace('?&','?') return document.location.pathname + qs; } FacetController.prototype.removeFacetFilterHref = function() { var facetHref = null; for (var j = 0; j<this.facets.length; j++) { var f = this.facets[j]; if (f.key) facetHref = this.removeFilterHref(f.key,null,facetHref); } return facetHref; } FacetController.prototype.setFilterHref = function(key,val) { var qs = '?' + (window.SESSION_QUERYSTRING || ''); for (var i = 0;i<this.parsedFacetState.length;i++) { var d = this.parsedFacetState[i]; if (key == d[0]) { //pass } else if (d[0] == 'page') { //pass } else { qs += '&' + d[0] + '=' + encodeURIComponent(d[1]); } } if (val) qs += '&' + key + '=' + encodeURIComponent(val); qs = qs.replace('?&','?') return document.location.pathname + qs; } FacetController.prototype.getFilterHref = function() { var qs = '?' for (var i = 0;i<this.parsedFacetState.length;i++) { var d = this.parsedFacetState[i]; qs += '&' + d[0] + '=' + encodeURIComponent(d[1]); } qs = qs.replace('?&','?') return qs; } FacetController.prototype.getFacetStateFromQueryString = function(qs) { var queryParam = []; var self = this; if (qs) { qs.replace( new RegExp("([^?=&]+)(=([^&]*))?", "g"), function($0, $1, $2, $3) { if ($3) { if (!self.validParams || $.inArray($1,self.validParams) > -1) { var val = $3.replace(/\+/g, '%20'); queryParam.push([$1,decodeURIComponent(val)]); } } } ); } return queryParam; }; /** * @fileoverview TextResizeDetector * * Detects changes to font sizes when user changes browser settings * <br>Fires a custom event with the following data:<br><br> * iBase : base font size * iDelta : difference in pixels from previous setting<br> * iSize : size in pixel of text<br> * * * @author Lawrence Carvalho carvalho@uk.yahoo-inc.com * @version 1.0 */ /** * @constructor */ TextResizeDetector = function() { var el = null; var iIntervalDelay = 200; var iInterval = null; var iCurrSize = -1; var iBase = -1; var aListeners = []; var createControlElement = function() { el = document.createElement('span'); el.id='textResizeControl'; el.innerHTML=' '; el.style.position="absolute"; el.style.left="-9999px"; var elC = document.getElementById(TextResizeDetector.TARGET_ELEMENT_ID); // insert before firstChild if (elC) elC.insertBefore(el,elC.firstChild); iBase = iCurrSize = TextResizeDetector.getSize(); }; function _stopDetector() { window.clearInterval(iInterval); iInterval=null; }; function _startDetector() { if (!iInterval) { iInterval = window.setInterval('TextResizeDetector.detect()',iIntervalDelay); } }; function _detect() { var iNewSize = TextResizeDetector.getSize(); if(iNewSize!== iCurrSize) { for (var i=0;i <aListeners.length;i++) { aListnr = aListeners[i]; var oArgs = { iBase: iBase,iDelta:((iCurrSize!=-1) ? iNewSize - iCurrSize + 'px' : "0px"),iSize:iCurrSize = iNewSize}; if (!aListnr.obj) { aListnr.fn('textSizeChanged',[oArgs]); } else { aListnr.fn.apply(aListnr.obj,['textSizeChanged',[oArgs]]); } } } return iCurrSize; }; var onAvailable = function() { if (!TextResizeDetector.onAvailableCount_i ) { TextResizeDetector.onAvailableCount_i =0; } if (document.getElementById(TextResizeDetector.TARGET_ELEMENT_ID)) { TextResizeDetector.init(); if (TextResizeDetector.USER_INIT_FUNC){ TextResizeDetector.USER_INIT_FUNC(); } TextResizeDetector.onAvailableCount_i = null; } else { if (TextResizeDetector.onAvailableCount_i<600) { TextResizeDetector.onAvailableCount_i++; setTimeout(onAvailable,200) } } }; setTimeout(onAvailable,500); return { /* * Initializes the detector * * @param {String} sId The id of the element in which to create the control element */ init: function() { createControlElement(); _startDetector(); }, /** * Adds listeners to the ontextsizechange event. * Returns the base font size * */ addEventListener:function(fn,obj,bScope) { aListeners[aListeners.length] = { fn: fn, obj: obj } return iBase; }, /** * performs the detection and fires textSizeChanged event * @return the current font size * @type {integer} */ detect:function() { return _detect(); }, /** * Returns the height of the control element * * @return the current height of control element * @type {integer} */ getSize:function() { var iSize; return el.offsetHeight; }, /** * Stops the detector */ stopDetector:function() { return _stopDetector(); }, /* * Starts the detector */ startDetector:function() { return _startDetector(); } } }(); TextResizeDetector.TARGET_ELEMENT_ID = 'doc'; TextResizeDetector.USER_INIT_FUNC = null; function textResizeInit() { var iBase = TextResizeDetector.addEventListener(onFontResize,null); } //id of element to check for and insert control TextResizeDetector.TARGET_ELEMENT_ID = 'container'; //function to call once TextResizeDetector has init'd TextResizeDetector.USER_INIT_FUNC = textResizeInit; function onFontResize(e,args) { console.log('font resized!'); if (window.iso) iso.layout(); } </script><meta content="noindex, nofollow" name="robots"/> <style>a[href*="TOFIX" i],a[href*="TODO" i] { background-color: yellow; } @media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) { .universal-banner-search-toggle svg {margin-top: -6px;} } .universal-banner-search { min-width: 400px; position: relative; } .universal-banner-menu-toggle { padding:6px; cursor: pointer; } .universal-banner-search-toggle { position: absolute; top: -9px; right: 10px; width: 50px; height: 49px; padding-top: 13px; padding-left: 2px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; box-sizing: border-box; transition: all .3s cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 0.1, 1) ; } .universal-banner-search-toggle svg { cursor: pointer; display:block; transition: all .3s cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 0.1, 1) ; } .universal-banner-search-toggle.toggled { background-color: #a41034; transform: scale(0.65); } .universal-banner-search-toggle.toggled svg { transform: scale(0.9) rotate(-45deg) !important; } .universal-banner-search-input { xoverflow: hidden; xposition: relative; width:269px; } .universal-banner-search-input .universal-site-search-button { display:none; } .universal-banner-search-input .slide { transition: .3s opacity, .3s transform, 0s visibility 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 0.1, 1); xtransform: translateX(310px); opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; } .universal-banner-search-input.open .slide { transition: .3s opacity, .3s transform cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 0.1, 1); xtransform: translateX(0); opacity: 1; visibility: visible; } .universal-banner .hbs-logo { padding: 8px 0px; } @media (max-width: 919px) and (min-width: 651px) {.responsive-framework .site-header .site-header-button { margin-left: 10px !important; margin-top: 25px !important; } .site-header .universal-banner-hamburger { position:relative; top:2px; left:2px; } .universal-banner-hamburger span { background: #000!important; } .universal-banner .hbs-logo img { height: 52px; } } .universal-banner-hamburger { width: 23px; height: 25px; position: relative; } @media (max-width: 650px) { .responsive-framework .site-header .site-header-button { margin-left: 10px !important; margin-top: 25px !important; } .universal-banner .hbs-logo { padding: 5px 0px; display: flex; justify-content: center; } .universal-banner .hbs-logo img { height: 42px; width: 99px; }.site-header .universal-banner-hamburger { height: 22px; width: 22px; position: relative; left: 4px; } .site-header .universal-banner-hamburger span { height: 3px; } .site-header .universal-banner-hamburger span:nth-child(1) { top: 2px; } .site-header .universal-banner-hamburger span:nth-child(2) { top: 9px; } .site-header .universal-banner-hamburger span:nth-child(3) { top: 16px; } .universal-banner-search-icon svg { width: 39px !important; } .universal-banner-hamburger span { background: #000!important; } } .universal-banner-hamburger span { display: block; position: absolute; height: 4px; width: 100%; background: #FFF; opacity: 1; left: 0; transform: rotate(0deg); transition: .3s cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 0.1, 1) ; } .universal-banner-hamburger span:nth-child(1) { top: 0px; transform-origin: left center; } .universal-banner-hamburger span:nth-child(2) { top: 8px; transform-origin: left center; } .universal-banner-hamburger span:nth-child(3) { top: 16px; transform-origin: left center; } .universal-banner-hamburger.open span:nth-child(1) { transform: rotate(45deg); } .universal-banner-hamburger.open span:nth-child(2) { width: 0%; opacity: 0; } .universal-banner-hamburger.open span:nth-child(3) { transform: rotate(-45deg); } .skipto.hideme:focus { left: 0px; top: 0px; background-color: white; padding: 6px; width: auto; height: auto; } body:not(.user-is-tabbing) #skipto-main:focus { outline: none; } .above-nav-header .navbar>li:first-child>a { border-left: 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.4) solid; } .above-nav-header .navbar>li:last-child>a { border-right: 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.4) solid; } @media (max-width: 919px) and (min-width: 651px) { header.site-header.above-nav-header .site-header-button { margin-top: 6px!important; margin-bottom: 6px!important; } } .slider-container.slider-open .slider-open[aria-expanded=false] { opacity: 0.3; } .slider-container .btn-glass.slider-open { background-color: transparent !important; } ul.navbar.four li a {padding: 4px 80px 3px 80px!important;} ul.navbar.four li.nav-downloads a {padding: 4px 10px 3px 10px!important;} ul.navbar.four li a.active {padding: 4px 80px!important;} .component-framework .btn-glass.site-header-button {border:0;}.navbar li.nav-downloads{width: 260px; text-align: center;} .navbar .nav-downloads:hover {background: black;} .navbar .nav-downloads:hover > a {border-left:none;} .nav-downloads:hover > a.dropdown-toggle2 span.icon-expand {background-position: -240px -80px !important;} .navbar .nav-downloads:hover > .menu-head, .navbar .nav-downloads.active a {color: white!important;} .navbar li.nav-downloads li{ text-align: left; } .navbar > li.nav-downloads > ul.dropdown-menu2 li a{ margin: 1px 8px;padding: 6px 8px!important; } .navbar > li.nav-downloads .dropdown-menu2 > li.divider { min-width: 100px; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; } .navbar .dropdown-container2.nav-downloads > a:hover {text-decoration: none;} .navbar li.nav-downloads ul.dropdown-menu2 li a.hover { color: black!important; } .navbar .dropdown-container2.nav-downloads > a > span {margin-left: 10px;} .navbar .dropdown-container2.nav-downloads {position: relative !important;} .navbar .dropdown-container2.nav-downloads .dropdown-menu2 {position: absolute; top:38px !important;left:-1px;min-width:254px!important;} .navbar .dropdown-container2.nav-downloads.active {background-color: black;} .nav-downloads.active a.menu-head span.icon-expand {background-position: -240px -80px;} #flyout-navigation a.dropdown-toggle2 {padding-left: 0 !important;} #flyout-navigation a.dropdown-toggle2 .icon-expand {margin-left: 11px;} .flyout-panel .flyout-padding li a.dropdown-toggle2 {display:none;} @media (max-width: 1220px) and (min-width: 920px) { .site-header h1.gamma-uc.tablet-shrink { font-size: 28px!important; } .site-header h1.tablet-shrink + nav .toolbar > li > a { padding: 4px 4px 0 4px!important; } }@media (max-width: 650px) { .universal-banner-search-icon { height: 24px!important; padding-left: 10px; } .responsive-framework.pattern-framework .site-header .gamma-uc a.white.black-bg { box-shadow: 10px 0 0 black, 0px 0 0 black; padding-right: 0px; } } #sticky-header { position: fixed; overflow: hidden; background-color: inherit; height: 0; top:0!important; left:0; right:0; z-index: 110; transform: translate3d(0,0,0); transition: height .3s cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 0.1, 1) ; } #sticky-header > div.wrapper { position: absolute; bottom:0; left:0; right:0; } #sticky-header.at-scroll-top { display: none; } .sticky-header-active .facetctrl-sticky.active, .sticky-header-active .filter-sticky.fixed { transition: margin .3s cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 0.1, 1) ; } .sticky-header-expanded .facetctrl-sticky.active { margin-top:98px; } @media (max-width: 650px) { .sticky-header-expanded .filter-sticky.fixed { margin-top:98px; } .sticky-header-expanded .facetctrl-sticky.active { margin-top:98px; } } @media (min-width: 651px) and (max-width: 919px) { .sticky-header-expanded .filter-sticky.fixed { margin-top:118px; } .sticky-header-expanded .facetctrl-sticky.active { margin-top:113px; } } .sticky-header-active .universal-banner.sticky-header-cloned, .sticky-header-active .sticky-header-cloned .site-header-button { visibility: hidden; } @media screen and (min-width: 920px) { .body-layout { margin-left: 20px; } } .page-header h2.alpha.no-margin { margin-bottom: 0px!important; } .page-header .tagline a { text-decoration: underline; } .page-header .tagline a:hover { text-decoration: none; } @media (max-width: 650px) { .page-header .podcast-avatar-head div { position: relative!important; top: 0!important; } } .mobile-breadcrumb-container .plus-icon .plus-bar { transition: all .3s ease; transform-origin: 50% 50%; transform: rotate(0deg); } .mobile-breadcrumb-container.toggled .plus-icon .plus-bar { opacity: 0; transform: rotate(90deg); } .mobile-breadcrumb ul { margin:-2px 0 0 0; padding: 0 0 3px 33px; } #sticky-header .mobile-breadcrumb ul { border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; } .mobile-breadcrumb li { padding: 0; margin: 3px 0; list-style-type: none; } .mobile-breadcrumb li.active { position: relative; } .mobile-breadcrumb li.active:before { position: absolute; top: -2px; left: -23px; content: '→'; }.page-header .html p:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 12px; } @media (max-width: 919px) and (min-width: 651px) { .mobile-breadcrumb ul { padding: 0 0 3px 48px; } .mobile-indent { margin-left:48px; } } @media (max-width: 650px) { .mobile-indent { margin-left: 33px; }.page-header .html p:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 0px; } } .responsive-facet-inject-target .facetctrl-ajax-html .hr3 { display:none; } .fr-research-list .publication-extras div{ min-width: 75px; } .fr-research-list .publication-extras a.pub-extra-item{ text-decoration: underline; } .fr-research-list .publication-extras a.pub-extra-item.toggle-button{ padding-left: 10px; } .frCitation a.pdf span.pdf-append { display:none; }@media print { .profile-details .tablet-hidden.mobile-hidden, .profile-details .span3.sidebar, .profile-details .page-tabs-container, footer .social-grid, .ms-Fabric.ms-Layer-content.content-84 {display:none !important;} .profile-details .tablet-visible.mobile-visible, .profile-details .accordian.profile-tabs dd {display:block !important;overflow:visible !important;} .component-framework dl.accordian dd {position:static !important;margin-bottom:20px;} } .universal-footer .universal-footer-copyright ul.footer-links li { margin: 0px 11px; } .universal-footer .universal-footer-copyright ul.footer-links li:first-child { margin-left: 0px; } .universal-footer .universal-footer-copyright ul.footer-links li:last-child { margin-right: 0px; } @media (max-width: 670px) { .universal-footer .universal-footer-copyright ul.footer-links { display:flex; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; } .universal-footer .universal-footer-copyright ul.footer-links li { padding-bottom: 12px; } .universal-footer .universal-footer-copyright ul.footer-links li:first-child { margin-left: 11px; } .universal-footer .universal-footer-copyright ul.footer-links li:last-child { margin-right: 11px; } } .button-partial .button { display: inline-block; padding: 3px 18px; text-decoration: none; } .button-partial .button .hbsred-onhover-border { border:2px solid #A41034; } .button-partial svg { padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 8px; vertical-align: top; } ;</style> </head> <body class="expanded-grid-framework"> <!--WCMAuthoringReact--><header aria-label="Universal HBS Header" role="banner"><a href="#skipto-main" class="hideme skipto">Skip to Main Content</a><div class="universal-banner noindex"> <div class="color-framework grid-framework type-framework component-framework pattern-framework js-framework responsive-framework"> <div class="universal-header-v3"> <div class="black-bg"> <div class="container tablet-container mobile-container"> <div class="row"> <div class="span7"> <div class="hbs-logo" style="z-index: 100;"><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/" data-link-id="header-logo" aria-label="Harvard Business School Home"><img class="fluid" style="display: block;" loading="eager" width="151" height="64" src="https://webassets.hbs.edu/libs/framework/1.0/images/hbs-shield-3line.svg" alt=""></a></div> </div> <div class="span5 desktop-visible"> <div class="search-box tablet-hidden"> <div style="display:flex;margin-right:-8px;"> <div class="universal-banner-search-input"> <div class="slide"> <fieldset class="input" role="search"><input type="search" class="universal-site-search-query" aria-label="Search Text" name="qt" value="" data-placeholder="SEARCH" id="search-text" maxlength="250" style="box-sizing: content-box;float:none;" autocomplete="false"><input type="submit" class="universal-site-search-button" value="Search" id="search-submit"></fieldset> </div> </div> <div class="universal-banner-search" style="min-width:52px;"><a href="#" class="universal-banner-search-toggle block" aria-label="Toggle Search Box"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" style="fill:white;width:44px;" viewBox="0 0 177 100" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <path d="M137.686,11.342 C137.686,-15.909 115.595,-38 88.344,-38 C61.09,-38 39,-15.909 39,11.342 C39,36.724 58.168,57.607 82.818,60.355 L82.818,72.838 C79.304,74.521 76.898,77.714 76.898,81.419 L76.898,128.148 C76.898,133.588 82.023,138 88.345,138 C94.667,138 99.789,133.589 99.789,128.148 L99.789,81.419 C99.789,77.711 97.382,74.521 93.869,72.838 L93.869,60.354 C118.515,57.606 137.686,36.726 137.686,11.342 Z M56.032,11.225 C56.032,-6.759 70.606,-21.338 88.589,-21.338 C106.572,-21.338 121.142,-6.759 121.142,11.225 C121.142,29.205 106.572,43.78 88.589,43.78 C70.606,43.78 56.032,29.205 56.032,11.225 Z" transform="translate(88.343000, 50.000000) rotate(90.000000) translate(-88.343000, -50.000000) "/></svg></a></div> <div class="universal-banner-menu"><a href="#" class="universal-banner-menu-toggle block" aria-label="Toggle Flyout Menu"> <div class="universal-banner-hamburger"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="universal-slider-nav" class="hidden"> <nav class="gamma-uc site-title" aria-label="HBS Homepage"><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/Pages/default.aspx" class="white slidernav-ancillarynav-hbs-home">HBS Home</a></nav> <div class="hr" style="opacity: 0.3"></div> <nav aria-label="HBS Home Main"> <ul class="epsilon-uc unstyled unbulleted"> <li><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/about/Pages/default.aspx" class="slidernav-ancillarynav-about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/about/academic-programs/Pages/default.aspx" class="slidernav-ancillarynav-academic-programs">Academic Programs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.alumni.hbs.edu/Pages/default.aspx" class="slidernav-ancillarynav-alumni">Alumni</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/default.aspx" class="slidernav-ancillarynav-faculty-and-research">Faculty & Research</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="hr" style="opacity: 0.3"></div> <nav aria-label="HBS Home Utility"> <ul class="kappa-uc unstyled unbulleted"> <li><a href="https://www.library.hbs.edu/" class="slidernav-ancillarynav-baker-library">Baker Library</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.alumni.hbs.edu/giving/Pages/default.aspx" class="slidernav-ancillarynav-giving">Giving</a></li> <li><a href="https://hbr.org/" class="slidernav-ancillarynav-harvard-business-review">Harvard Business Review</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/about/initiativesandprojects/Pages/default.aspx" class="slidernav-ancillarynav-initiatives">Initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/news/Pages/landing.aspx" class="slidernav-ancillarynav-news">News</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/recruiting/Pages/default.aspx" class="slidernav-ancillarynav-recruit">Recruit</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="hr" style="opacity: 0.3"></div> <nav aria-label="Footer"> <ul class="kappa-uc unstyled unbulleted"> <li><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/maps/" class="slidernav-ancillarynav-map-directions">Map / Directions</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="container" class="type-framework color-framework grid-framework component-framework pattern-framework js-framework responsive-framework"> <div class="teal-inherit responsive-type slider-inject" ><div class="inherit-bg sticky-header-container"></div><header class=" inherit-bg site-header noindex crawl-hidden" aria-label="Site Header" role="banner"> <div class="container bg-img-container link-controller"> <div class="desktop-hidden"><button class="site-header-button slider-backdrop-above slider-open btn-glass black" data-target="flyout-navigation"> <div class="universal-banner-hamburger"><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></button><button class="site-header-button slider-backdrop-above slider-open btn-glass black" data-target="flyout-search"> <div class="universal-banner-search-icon" style="height:26px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" style="fill:black;width:44px;position:relative;" viewBox="0 0 177 100" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <path d="M137.686,11.342 C137.686,-15.909 115.595,-38 88.344,-38 C61.09,-38 39,-15.909 39,11.342 C39,36.724 58.168,57.607 82.818,60.355 L82.818,72.838 C79.304,74.521 76.898,77.714 76.898,81.419 L76.898,128.148 C76.898,133.588 82.023,138 88.345,138 C94.667,138 99.789,133.589 99.789,128.148 L99.789,81.419 C99.789,77.711 97.382,74.521 93.869,72.838 L93.869,60.354 C118.515,57.606 137.686,36.726 137.686,11.342 Z M56.032,11.225 C56.032,-6.759 70.606,-21.338 88.589,-21.338 C106.572,-21.338 121.142,-6.759 121.142,11.225 C121.142,29.205 106.572,43.78 88.589,43.78 C70.606,43.78 56.032,29.205 56.032,11.225 Z" transform="translate(88.343000, 50.000000) rotate(90.000000) translate(-88.343000, -50.000000) "/></svg></div></button></div> <div class="gamma-uc site-home "> <div style="margin-top: 3px;"><a href="/faculty/Pages/default.aspx" class="white black-bg">Faculty & Research</a></div> </div> <div class="navigation" style=""> <div class="hr desktop-visible "></div> <nav class="mobile-hidden tablet-hidden " aria-label="Current Site"> <ul class="navbar sticky-header-appears" style="display:flex;justify-content:space-around;"> <li style="white-space:nowrap;" class=""><a href="/faculty/Pages/browse.aspx?faculty=Current" class=" first"> Faculty </a></li> <li style="white-space:nowrap;" class="active"><a href="/faculty/research/Pages/default.aspx" class="active ">Research</a></li> <li style="white-space:nowrap;" class=""><a href="/faculty/topics/Pages/default.aspx" class=" ">Featured Topics</a></li> <li style="white-space:nowrap;" class=""><a href="/faculty/units/Pages/default.aspx" class=" last">Academic Units</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="hr desktop-visible sticky-header-invisible"></div> </div> </header> <!-- STARTINDEX --> <div class="mainContainer link-controller" runat="server"> <main id="skipto-main" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Page content"> <div class="page-header inherit-bg" id=""> <div class="page-header-inner"> <div class="container tablet-container mobile-container " style="position:relative;" id=""> <ul class="nu responsive-breadcrumb toggle-container"> <li class="responsive-breadcrumb-toggle"><a href="#" class="toggle-button">…</a><span class="txt-arrow" aria-hidden="true">→</span></li> <li><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/Pages/default.aspx" class="ink">Harvard Business School</a><span class="txt-arrow" aria-hidden="true">→</span></li> <li><a href="/faculty/Pages/default.aspx" class="ink">Faculty & Research</a><span class="txt-arrow" aria-hidden="true">→</span></li> <li> <div class="dropdown-container"><a class="ink nu dropdown-toggle" href="/faculty/research/Pages/default.aspx" role="button">Research<span class="icon-select"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu nu"> <li><a href="/faculty/research/Pages/default.aspx" class="white">Research</a><div class="divider inherit-bg"></div> </li> <li><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx" class="active inherit-color" aria-current="page">Publications</a></li> <li><a href="/faculty/research/Pages/global-research-centers.aspx" class="white">Global Research Centers</a></li> <li><a href="/faculty/research/Pages/case-development.aspx" class="white">Case Development</a></li> <li><a href="/faculty/research/Pages/initiatives-projects.aspx" class="white">Initiatives & Projects</a></li> <li><a href="/faculty/research/research-services/Pages/default.aspx" class="white">Research Services</a></li> <li><a href="/faculty/research/seminars-conferences/Pages/default.aspx" class="white">Seminars & Conferences</a></li> </ul> </div><span class="txt-arrow" aria-hidden="true">→</span></li> <li><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx" class="ink" aria-current="page">Publications</a><span class="txt-arrow" aria-hidden="true">→</span></li> </ul> <div class="row tablet-row"> <div class="span11"> <h1 class="alpha light black mobile-hidden tablet-hidden" style="margin: 0;">Publications</h1> <h1 class="alpha regular black desktop-hidden" style="margin: 0;">Publications</h1> <div class=""> <div class="sticky-header-hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="shim22 mobile-hidden"></div> <div class="shim14 mobile-visible"></div> </div> </div> </div><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><div id="search1-app" class="search1-embedded"> <div class="mobile-visible tablet-visible"> <div class="smoke-bg responsive-filter-bar facetctrl-sticky"> <div class="mobile-container tablet-container"><a href="#filter-top" class="black epsilon nosmooth">Filter Results<span class="facetctrl-ajax-html">: <span class="hbsred">(8,917)</span></span><span class="toggle-hide"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="12" height="9" viewBox="0 0 32 24" version="1.1" focusable="false" style="padding-left: 5px;"> <title>Arrow Down</title> <g transform="translate(16.000000, 12.000000) rotate(180.000000) translate(-16.000000, -12.000000) " fill="#000000" fill-rule="nonzero"> <path d="M0,20 L32,20 L32,24 L0,24 L0,20 Z M16,0 L32,16 L0,16 L16,0 Z"></path> </g></svg></span></a></div> </div> <div class="smoke-bg responsive-filter-bar facetctrl-sticky-target" id="filter-top"> <div class="mobile-container tablet-container"> <div class="toggle-container has-memory"><a href="#" class="toggle-button black epsilon">Filter Results<span class="facetctrl-ajax-html">: <span class="hbsred">(8,917)</span></span><span class="toggle-hide"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="12" height="9" viewBox="0 0 32 24" version="1.1" focusable="false" style="padding-left: 5px;"> <title>Arrow Down</title> <g transform="translate(16.000000, 12.000000) rotate(180.000000) translate(-16.000000, -12.000000) " fill="#000000" fill-rule="nonzero"> <path d="M0,20 L32,20 L32,24 L0,24 L0,20 Z M16,0 L32,16 L0,16 L16,0 Z"></path> </g></svg></span><span class="toggle-show"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32 32" focusable="false" style="padding-left: 5px;"> <title>Arrow Up</title> <path d="M0 24h32v4h-32zM16 4l16 16h-32z"></path></svg></span></a><div class="toggle-show has-slide"> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="facetctrl-ajax-html"> <div class="hr3"></div> <div class="shim16"></div> <h2 class="kappa-uc">Show Results For</h2> <div class="shim12"></div> <ul class="unbulleted nu site-facets"> <li class=""><a href="?sub=hbs&q=Business" class="facetctrl-ajax-link ">All HBS Web</a> (40,295) <ul></ul> </li> <li class="selected"><a href="?sub=default&q=Business" class="facetctrl-ajax-link mu black">Faculty Publications</a> (8,917)</li> </ul> <div class="shim10"></div> </div> <div id="facet-navigation-mobile" style="padding-bottom:24px"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container tablet-container mobile-container facetctrl-search-container facetctrl-fade "> <div class="cap mobile-cap tablet-cap"></div> <div class=" "> <div class="row tablet-row"> <div class="span3 mobile-hidden tablet-hidden"> <div class="mobile-hidden rendered-visible"> <div class="responsive-facet-inject-target"> <div class="facetctrl-ajax-html"> <div class="hr3"></div> <div class="shim16"></div> <h2 class="kappa-uc">Show Results For</h2> <div class="shim12"></div> <ul class="unbulleted nu site-facets"> <li class=""><a href="?sub=hbs&q=Business" class="facetctrl-ajax-link ">All HBS Web</a> (40,295) <ul></ul> </li> <li class="selected"><a href="?sub=default&q=Business" class="facetctrl-ajax-link mu black">Faculty Publications</a> (8,917)</li> </ul> <div class="shim10"></div> </div> <div id="facet-navigation"></div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="shim24"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="facetctrl-ajax-classes span6 tablet-span8"> <div xmlns:dc="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-namespace/" class="facetctrl-ajax-html"> <div class="facet-breadcrumb-pattern"> <h2 class="eta"><a class="ink facetctrl-ajax-link facetctrl-event-clear" href="?">Business<span class="icon-circle-close-red icon-svg"><img loading="lazy" src="https://d1gfwsbop52idw.cloudfront.net/static/shared/images/framework/3.0/icon-circle-close-red.svg" alt="Remove Business"></img></span></a> <span class="txt-arrow eta">→</span> </h2> </div> </div> <div xmlns:dc="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-namespace/" class="facetctrl-ajax-html"> <div class="nu facetctrl-total" style="float:right;"> Page 1 of <strong>8,917</strong> Results <a href="?q=Business&page=2" class="ink facetctrl-ajax-page-link" style="background-color:#ebebeb;padding:3px 6px;text-decoration:none;">→</a><div class="shim3"></div> </div> </div> <div xmlns:dc="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-namespace/" style="float:left;" class="nu facetctrl-sort"><span class="facetctrl-ajax-html print-hidden"></span></div> <div xmlns:dc="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-namespace/" style="float:right;" class="nu print-hidden"><span class="facetctrl-ajax-html"></span></div> <div xmlns:dc="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-namespace/" style="float:left;margin-top:-5px;"><span class="facetctrl-ajax-html print-hidden"></span></div> <div xmlns:dc="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-namespace/" class="clear"></div> <div xmlns:dc="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-namespace/" class="facetctrl-ajax-html facetctrl-breadcrumb-rule"> <div class="shim8"></div> <div class="hr3"></div> <div class="shim24"></div> </div> <div xmlns:dc="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-namespace/" class="facetctrl-ajax-html"></div> <div xmlns:dc="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-namespace/" class="facetctrl-ajax-html"> <div class="media-list9"></div> <div class="tablet-visible mobile-visible"> <h2 class="kappa-uc">Are you looking for?</h2> <div class="shim14"></div> <div> <div class="kappa"><a href=""></a></div> <div class="shim5"></div> <div class="desc mu light"></div> <div class="shim15"></div> </div> <div> <div class="kappa"><a href=""></a></div> <div class="shim5"></div> <div class="desc mu light"></div> <div class="shim15"></div> </div> <div class="more"><span class="txt-arrow">→</span><a href="?q=Business&sub=hbs">Search All HBS Web</a></div> <div class="shim30"></div> <div class="hr3"></div> <div class="shim30"></div> </div> </div> <div xmlns:dc="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-namespace/" class="facetctrl-results"> <div class="media-list9"> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>November–December 2024</li> <li class="ash">Article</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66601" aria-label="How to Avoid the Agility Trap faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">How to Avoid the Agility Trap</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: Jianwen Liao and <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=14938&click=byline">Feng Zhu</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">Agility is all the rage in strategy circles these days. According to conventional wisdom, organizations should rapidly react to technological advances, new market dynamics, and shifting consumer preferences. But in practice this is nearly impossible to pull off,... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66601" aria-label="View Details about How to Avoid the Agility Trap">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Organizational Change and Adaptation">Organizational Change and Adaptation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Competitive Advantage">Competitive Advantage</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Growth and Development Strategy">Growth and Development Strategy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business Model">Business Model</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66601" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for How to Avoid the Agility Trap">Citation</a></div> <div style="min-width:110px;"><a href="http://ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=180257761&site=ehost-live&scope=site" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Find How to Avoid the Agility Trap at Harvard">Find at Harvard</a></div> <div style="min-width:110px;"><a href="https://hbr.org/2024/11/how-to-avoid-the-agility-trap" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Register to read How to Avoid the Agility Trap">Register to Read</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66601" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66601" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about How to Avoid the Agility Trap">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66601" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Liao, Jianwen, and Feng Zhu. <A HREF="https://hbr.org/2024/11/how-to-avoid-the-agility-trap">"How to Avoid the Agility Trap."</A> <I>Harvard Business Review</I> 102, no. 6 (November–December 2024): 126–133.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66601" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>November 2024</li> <li class="ash">Teaching Note</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66574" aria-label="Mercado Bitcoin: M&A, IPO, or Series B? faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">Mercado Bitcoin: M&A, IPO, or Series B?</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=1199335&click=byline">Raymond Kluender</a>, Emanuele Colonnelli and Sabrina Howell</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 825-047. In April 2021, Brazilian cryptocurrency platform Mercado Bitcoin, had to decide how to scale: go public, M&A with a bank, or take a VC big check. In a highly volatile market, Roberto Dagnoni, chairman of the board, viewed the... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66574" aria-label="View Details about Mercado Bitcoin: M&A, IPO, or Series B?">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business Ventures">Business Ventures</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Mergers and Acquisitions">Mergers and Acquisitions</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business Growth and Maturation">Business Growth and Maturation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business Startups">Business Startups</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Decision Making">Decision Making</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Going Public">Going Public</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Ownership Stake">Ownership Stake</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Strategic Planning">Strategic Planning</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Venture Capital">Venture Capital</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Problems and Challenges">Problems and Challenges</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business Cycles">Business Cycles</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Digital Platforms">Digital Platforms</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Emerging Markets">Emerging Markets</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Market Timing">Market Timing</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Expansion">Expansion</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Diversification">Diversification</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Value">Value</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Valuation">Valuation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Value Creation">Value Creation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Investment Funds">Investment Funds</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Initial Public Offering">Initial Public Offering</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Price">Price</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Price Bubble">Price Bubble</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Negotiation Offer">Negotiation Offer</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Information Technology Industry">Information Technology Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Financial Services Industry">Financial Services Industry</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66574" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for Mercado Bitcoin: M&A, IPO, or Series B?">Citation</a></div> <div><a href="http://hbr.org/search/825092" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Purchase Mercado Bitcoin: M&A, IPO, or Series B?">Purchase</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66574" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66574" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about Mercado Bitcoin: M&A, IPO, or Series B?">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66574" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Kluender, Raymond, Emanuele Colonnelli, and Sabrina Howell. "Mercado Bitcoin: M&A, IPO, or Series B?" Harvard Business School Teaching Note 825-092, November 2024.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66574" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>2024</li> <li class="ash">Working Paper</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66654" aria-label="Climate Solutions, Transition Risk, and Stock Returns faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">Climate Solutions, Transition Risk, and Stock Returns</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=722144&click=byline">Shirley Lu</a>, Edward J. Riedl, Simon Xu and <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=15705&click=byline">George Serafeim</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">Using large language models to measure firms' climate solution products and services, we find that high-climate solution firms exhibit lower stock returns and higher market valuation multiples. Their stock prices respond positively to events signaling increased demand... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66654" aria-label="View Details about Climate Solutions, Transition Risk, and Stock Returns">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Climate Change">Climate Change</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Innovation">Innovation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Sustainability">Sustainability</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Technology">Technology</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Artificial Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Generative Ai">Generative Ai</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Large Language Models">Large Language Models</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Environment">Environment</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Climate Finance">Climate Finance</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Investing">Investing</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66654" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for Climate Solutions, Transition Risk, and Stock Returns">Citation</a></div> <div style="min-width:55px;"><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5018767" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="SSRN for Climate Solutions, Transition Risk, and Stock Returns">SSRN</a></div> <div style="min-width:110px;"><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/download.aspx?name=25-024.pdf" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Read Climate Solutions, Transition Risk, and Stock Returns Now">Read Now</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66654" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66654" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about Climate Solutions, Transition Risk, and Stock Returns">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66654" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Lu, Shirley, Edward J. Riedl, Simon Xu, and George Serafeim. <A HREF="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5018767">"Climate Solutions, Transition Risk, and Stock Returns."</A> Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-024, November 2024.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66654" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>November 2024</li> <li class="ash">Article</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66634" aria-label="Leadership and Plumbing faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">Leadership and Plumbing</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=126057&click=byline">Frank V. Cespedes</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">“Leadership” is a growth industry. Amazon lists over 60,000 books on the topic. Most focus on emotional intelligence, charisma, avoiding narcissism (usually someone else’s problem, according to these authors, not their problem) and other personality traits. But as... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66634" aria-label="View Details about Leadership and Plumbing">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Leadership Development">Leadership Development</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66634" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for Leadership and Plumbing">Citation</a></div> <div style="min-width:110px;"><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/download.aspx?name=Leadership+and+Plumbing.pdf" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Read Leadership and Plumbing Now">Read Now</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66634" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66634" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about Leadership and Plumbing">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66634" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Cespedes, Frank V. <A HREF="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/download.aspx?name=Leadership and Plumbing.pdf">"Leadership and Plumbing."</A> <I>Top Sales Magazine</I> (November 2024), 26–27.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66634" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>November 5, 2024</li> <li class="ash">Article</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66617" aria-label="The International Empirics of Management faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">The International Empirics of Management</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: Daniela Scur, Scott Ohlmacher, John Van Reenen, Morten Bennedsen, Nick Bloom, Ali Choudhary, Lucia Foster, Jesse Groenewegen, Arti Grover, Sjoerd Hardeman, Leonardo Iacovone, Ryo Kambayashi, Marie-Christine Laible, Renata Lemos, Hongbin Li, Andrea Linarello, Mika Maliranta, Denis Medvedev, Charlotte Meng, John Miles Touya, Natalia Mandirola, Roope Ohlsbom, Atsushi Ohyama, Megha Patnaik, Mariana Pereira-López, <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=541712&click=byline">Raffaella Sadun</a>, Tatsuro Senga, Franklin Qian and Florian Zimmermann</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">A country’s national income broadly depends on the quantity and quality of workers and capital. But how well these factors are managed within and between firms may be a key determinant of a country’s productivity and its GDP. Although social scientists have long... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66617" aria-label="View Details about The International Empirics of Management">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Performance Productivity">Performance Productivity</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Economy">Economy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Management Practices and Processes">Management Practices and Processes</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66617" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for The International Empirics of Management">Citation</a></div> <div style="min-width:110px;"><a href="https://www-pnas-org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/doi/10.1073/pnas.2412205121" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Find The International Empirics of Management at Harvard">Find at Harvard</a></div> <div style="min-width:110px;"><a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2412205121" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Register to read The International Empirics of Management">Register to Read</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66617" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66617" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about The International Empirics of Management">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66617" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Scur, Daniela, Scott Ohlmacher, John Van Reenen, Morten Bennedsen, Nick Bloom, Ali Choudhary, Lucia Foster, Jesse Groenewegen, Arti Grover, Sjoerd Hardeman, Leonardo Iacovone, Ryo Kambayashi, Marie-Christine Laible, Renata Lemos, Hongbin Li, Andrea Linarello, Mika Maliranta, Denis Medvedev, Charlotte Meng, John Miles Touya, Natalia Mandirola, Roope Ohlsbom, Atsushi Ohyama, Megha Patnaik, Mariana Pereira-López, Raffaella Sadun, Tatsuro Senga, Franklin Qian, and Florian Zimmermann. <A HREF="https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2412205121">"The International Empirics of Management."</A> <I>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</I> 121, no. 45 (November 5, 2024).</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66617" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>October 2024</li> <li class="ash">Teaching Plan</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66564" aria-label="Teamworks: Tackling a Forecasting Fumble faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">Teamworks: Tackling a Forecasting Fumble</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=936677&click=byline">Lou Shipley</a> and Stacy Straaberg</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">In late March 2018, Teamworks CEO Zach Maurides learned Q1 2018 sales were at risk for a large forecasting miss. Founded in 2004, Teamworks’s software application assisted support staff in messaging, scheduling, and sharing documents with collegiate and professional... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66564" aria-label="View Details about Teamworks: Tackling a Forecasting Fumble">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Acquisition">Acquisition</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business Growth and Maturation">Business Growth and Maturation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Communication Strategy">Communication Strategy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Decisions">Decisions</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Forecasting and Prediction">Forecasting and Prediction</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business Cycles">Business Cycles</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Technological Innovation">Technological Innovation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Sports">Sports</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Growth and Development Strategy">Growth and Development Strategy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Resource Allocation">Resource Allocation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Marketing">Marketing</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Sales">Sales</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business Strategy">Business Strategy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Expansion">Expansion</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Sports Industry">Sports Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Technology Industry">Technology Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=United States">United States</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=North Carolina">North Carolina</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66564" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for Teamworks: Tackling a Forecasting Fumble">Citation</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66564" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66564" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about Teamworks: Tackling a Forecasting Fumble">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66564" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Shipley, Lou, and Stacy Straaberg. "Teamworks: Tackling a Forecasting Fumble ." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 825-003, October 2024.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66564" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>October 2024</li> <li class="ash">Supplement</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66587" aria-label="Hakluyt: from Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors (B) faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">Hakluyt: from Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors (B)</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=123284&click=byline">Joseph B. Fuller</a> and Lena Duchene</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">This case is a continuation of an earlier study chronicling Hakluyt & Company (Hakluyt)’s transformation from an obscure boutique to a global corporate advisory firm with an outsized reputation. In August 2024, the firm faced a pivotal moment as managing partner Varun... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66587" aria-label="View Details about Hakluyt: from Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors (B)">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business Growth and Maturation">Business Growth and Maturation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business Model">Business Model</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Talent and Talent Management">Talent and Talent Management</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Capital Structure">Capital Structure</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Cash Flow">Cash Flow</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Corporate Finance">Corporate Finance</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Equity">Equity</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Stock Shares">Stock Shares</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Corporate Governance">Corporate Governance</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business History">Business History</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Compensation and Benefits">Compensation and Benefits</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Recruitment">Recruitment</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Leadership Style">Leadership Style</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Growth Management">Growth Management</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Management Succession">Management Succession</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Management Teams">Management Teams</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Organizational Culture">Organizational Culture</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Performance Evaluation">Performance Evaluation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Networks">Networks</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Partners and Partnerships">Partners and Partnerships</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business Strategy">Business Strategy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Competitive Advantage">Competitive Advantage</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Consulting Industry">Consulting Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Europe">Europe</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=England">England</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=London">London</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66587" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for Hakluyt: from Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors (B)">Citation</a></div> <div><a href="http://hbr.org/search/825087" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Purchase Hakluyt: from Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors (B)">Purchase</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66587" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66587" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about Hakluyt: from Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors (B)">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66587" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Fuller, Joseph B., and Lena Duchene. <A HREF="http://hbr.org/product/Hakluyt--from-Corporate-I/an/825087-PDF-ENG">"Hakluyt: from Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors (B)."</A> Harvard Business School Supplement 825-087, October 2024.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66587" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>October 2024</li> <li class="ash">Case</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66578" aria-label="Grain Management faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">Grain Management</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=121067&click=byline">Archie Jones</a>, Michael Norris, Alliyah Gary and Chelsea Grain-Jefferson</div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Family Business">Family Business</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Private Equity">Private Equity</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Management Succession">Management Succession</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Ownership Stake">Ownership Stake</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Retirement">Retirement</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Financial Services Industry">Financial Services Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Telecommunications Industry">Telecommunications Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=United States">United States</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66578" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for Grain Management">Citation</a></div> <div><a href="http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/product/825085-PDF-ENG" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Educators for Grain Management">Educators</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66578" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66578" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about Grain Management">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66578" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Jones, Archie, Michael Norris, Alliyah Gary, and Chelsea Grain-Jefferson. "Grain Management." Harvard Business School Case 825-085, October 2024.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66578" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>October 24, 2023</li> <li class="ash">Article</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66472" aria-label="10 Beliefs That Get in the Way of Organizational Change faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">10 Beliefs That Get in the Way of Organizational Change</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=6587&click=byline">Frances X. Frei</a> and Anne Morriss</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">In their new book, <em>Move Fast and Fix Things</em>, Frances Frei and Anne Morriss outline five strategies to help leaders tackle their hardest problems and quickly make change. Their final strategy is to execute your plan with a sense of urgency. They argue that most... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66472" aria-label="View Details about 10 Beliefs That Get in the Way of Organizational Change">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Organizational Change and Adaptation">Organizational Change and Adaptation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business or Company Management">Business or Company Management</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66472" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for 10 Beliefs That Get in the Way of Organizational Change">Citation</a></div> <div style="min-width:110px;"><a href="https://web-p-ebscohost-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=6e00f604-61a9-4498-b06b-d72f9c1a3e2d%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=173300950&db=bth" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Find 10 Beliefs That Get in the Way of Organizational Change at Harvard">Find at Harvard</a></div> <div style="min-width:110px;"><a href="https://hbr.org/2023/10/10-beliefs-that-get-in-the-way-of-organizational-change" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Register to read 10 Beliefs That Get in the Way of Organizational Change">Register to Read</a></div> <div><a href="https://store.hbr.org/product/10-beliefs-that-get-in-the-way-of-organizational-change/h07tp0?sku=H07TP0-PDF-ENG" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Purchase 10 Beliefs That Get in the Way of Organizational Change">Purchase</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66472" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66472" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about 10 Beliefs That Get in the Way of Organizational Change">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66472" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Frei, Frances X., and Anne Morriss. <A HREF="https://hbr.org/2023/10/10-beliefs-that-get-in-the-way-of-organizational-change">"10 Beliefs That Get in the Way of Organizational Change."</A> <I>Harvard Business Review (website)</I> (October 24, 2023).</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66472" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>October 2024</li> <li class="ash">Module Note</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66268" aria-label="Purpose of the Firm faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">Purpose of the Firm</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=6558&click=byline">Debora L. Spar</a> and Julia M. Comeau</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">Purpose of the Firm (PoF) is a short module designed to explore how, and under what circumstances, business leaders can harness the power of capitalism and markets to “make a difference in the world” – that is, to address a significant societal problem as a commercial... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66268" aria-label="View Details about Purpose of the Firm">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Social Accounting">Social Accounting</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Purpose">Purpose</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact">Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Social Enterprise">Social Enterprise</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Mission and Purpose">Mission and Purpose</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66268" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for Purpose of the Firm">Citation</a></div> <div><a href="http://hbr.org/search/325035" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Purchase Purpose of the Firm">Purchase</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66268" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66268" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about Purpose of the Firm">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66268" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Spar, Debora L., and Julia M. Comeau. <A HREF="http://hbr.org/product/Purpose-of-the-Firm/an/325035-PDF-ENG">"Purpose of the Firm."</A> Harvard Business School Module Note 325-035, October 2024.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66268" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>October 2024</li> <li class="ash">Case</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66514" aria-label="Edizione faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">Edizione</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=6516&click=byline">Cynthia A. Montgomery</a>, <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=100370&click=byline">Dante Roscini</a>, Elena Corsi and Hugo Etchegoyhen</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">This case study examines the diversification and transformation of Edizione, the Benetton family's holding company originally established to reinvest dividends from the Benetton clothing brand. Edizione expanded significantly in the late 1990s and early 2000s,... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66514" aria-label="View Details about Edizione">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Leadership Style">Leadership Style</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Leading Change">Leading Change</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Leadership Development">Leadership Development</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Family Business">Family Business</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Family Ownership">Family Ownership</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Communication Strategy">Communication Strategy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Crisis Management">Crisis Management</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Management Style">Management Style</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Change Management">Change Management</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Asset Management">Asset Management</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Management Succession">Management Succession</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Private Equity">Private Equity</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Corporate Governance">Corporate Governance</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Organizational Culture">Organizational Culture</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Reputation">Reputation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Public Opinion">Public Opinion</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Air Transportation Industry">Air Transportation Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Fashion Industry">Fashion Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Transportation Industry">Transportation Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Travel Industry">Travel Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Italy">Italy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Europe">Europe</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66514" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for Edizione">Citation</a></div> <div><a href="http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/product/725395-PDF-ENG" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Educators for Edizione">Educators</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66514" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66514" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about Edizione">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66514" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Montgomery, Cynthia A., Dante Roscini, Elena Corsi, and Hugo Etchegoyhen. "Edizione." Harvard Business School Case 725-395, October 2024.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66514" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>October 2024</li> <li class="ash">Case</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66562" aria-label="Sacoor Brothers: From Co-Family CEOs to No Family CEOs? faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">Sacoor Brothers: From Co-Family CEOs to No Family CEOs?</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=340063&click=byline">Lauren Cohen</a>, <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=10637&click=byline">David Ager</a> and Alpana Thapar</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">Sacoor Brothers, a luxury clothing retail company, was founded in 1989 in Lisbon, Portugal, by four brothers—Malik, Salim, Rahimo, and Moez. After establishing a strong presence in Portugal, the brothers were drawn to the rapidly growing retail markets in the Middle... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66562" aria-label="View Details about Sacoor Brothers: From Co-Family CEOs to No Family CEOs?">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Family Business">Family Business</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Growth">Growth</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Geographic Mobility">Geographic Mobility</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Private Equity">Private Equity</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Investment">Investment</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Family Office">Family Office</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Governance">Governance</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Professionalization">Professionalization</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Institutional Development">Institutional Development</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Second-generation">Second-generation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Third-generation">Third-generation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Transition">Transition</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Jordan">Jordan</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Retail Industry">Retail Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Fashion Industry">Fashion Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Middle East">Middle East</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Portugal">Portugal</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66562" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for Sacoor Brothers: From Co-Family CEOs to No Family CEOs?">Citation</a></div> <div><a href="http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/product/225008-PDF-ENG" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Educators for Sacoor Brothers: From Co-Family CEOs to No Family CEOs?">Educators</a></div> <div><a href="http://hbr.org/search/225008" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Purchase Sacoor Brothers: From Co-Family CEOs to No Family CEOs?">Purchase</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66562" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66562" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about Sacoor Brothers: From Co-Family CEOs to No Family CEOs?">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66562" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Cohen, Lauren, David Ager, and Alpana Thapar. <A HREF="http://hbr.org/product/Sacoor-Brothers--From-Co-/an/225008-PDF-ENG">"Sacoor Brothers: From Co-Family CEOs to No Family CEOs?"</A> Harvard Business School Case 225-008, October 2024.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66562" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>October 2024</li> <li class="ash">Teaching Note</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66603" aria-label="BWX Technologies faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">BWX Technologies</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=10700&click=byline">Suraj Srinivasan</a> and <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=1201306&click=byline">Yuan Zou</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">Teaching Note for HBS Cse No. 124-071. <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66603" aria-label="View Details about BWX Technologies">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Transformation">Transformation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Communication Intention and Meaning">Communication Intention and Meaning</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business and Shareholder Relations">Business and Shareholder Relations</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Valuation">Valuation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Diversification">Diversification</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=United States">United States</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Canada">Canada</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66603" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for BWX Technologies">Citation</a></div> <div><a href="http://hbr.org/search/125063" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Purchase BWX Technologies">Purchase</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66603" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66603" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about BWX Technologies">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66603" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Srinivasan, Suraj, and Yuan Zou. "BWX Technologies." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 125-063, October 2024.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66603" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>October 2024</li> <li class="ash">Case</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66437" aria-label="Parexel: Scaling Up and Industry Dynamics faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">Parexel: Scaling Up and Industry Dynamics</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=6476&click=byline">Regina E. Herzlinger</a> and Ben Creo</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">Through the lens of biopharmaceutical contract research organization (CRO) PAREXEL, this case traces the evolution of the firm as it reinvents itself in response to the transformation of the CRO sector from a small, secondary cluster of firms into a major player with... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66437" aria-label="View Details about Parexel: Scaling Up and Industry Dynamics">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Research">Research</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Innovation and Invention">Innovation and Invention</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business Model">Business Model</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Transformation">Transformation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Globalization">Globalization</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Information Technology">Information Technology</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Competitive Advantage">Competitive Advantage</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Pharmaceutical Industry">Pharmaceutical Industry</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66437" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for Parexel: Scaling Up and Industry Dynamics">Citation</a></div> <div><a href="http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/product/325046-PDF-ENG" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Educators for Parexel: Scaling Up and Industry Dynamics">Educators</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66437" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66437" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about Parexel: Scaling Up and Industry Dynamics">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66437" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Herzlinger, Regina E., and Ben Creo. "Parexel: Scaling Up and Industry Dynamics." Harvard Business School Case 325-046, October 2024.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66437" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>October 2024</li> <li class="ash">Case</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66531" aria-label="MDH Partners: Evolving a Family Legacy faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">MDH Partners: Evolving a Family Legacy</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=109656&click=byline">Christina R. Wing</a> and Sarah Mehta</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">This case is about succession planning for MDH Partners, an Atlanta-based industrial real estate investment firm founded in 2005. When Jeffrey Small, Jr. cofounded MDH Partners, he named the company in honor of his grandfather, Mark Durward (MD) Hodges, an early... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66531" aria-label="View Details about MDH Partners: Evolving a Family Legacy">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Buildings and Facilities">Buildings and Facilities</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business Ventures">Business Ventures</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Ownership">Ownership</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Financial Services Industry">Financial Services Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Real Estate Industry">Real Estate Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=United States">United States</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Georgia (state, US)">Georgia (state, US)</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Atlanta">Atlanta</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66531" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for MDH Partners: Evolving a Family Legacy">Citation</a></div> <div><a href="http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/product/625001-PDF-ENG" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Educators for MDH Partners: Evolving a Family Legacy">Educators</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66531" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66531" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about MDH Partners: Evolving a Family Legacy">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66531" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Wing, Christina R., and Sarah Mehta. "MDH Partners: Evolving a Family Legacy." Harvard Business School Case 625-001, October 2024.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66531" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>2024</li> <li class="ash">Working Paper</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66503" aria-label="Case Studies of the Emulation of Chinese Entrepreneurial <span class="highlight">Business</span> Models faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">Case Studies of the Emulation of Chinese Entrepreneurial <span class="highlight">Business</span> Models</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=9961&click=byline">Josh Lerner</a>, Junxi Liu, Jacob Moscona and David Yang</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">This working paper presents four short case studies of emerging market businesses whose founders emulated Chinese firms. These examples are part of a more systematic pattern, documented extensively in Lerner et al. (2024), in which businesses developed in China were... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66503" aria-label="View Details about Case Studies of the Emulation of Chinese Entrepreneurial <span class="highlight">Business</span> Models">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Emerging Markets">Emerging Markets</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Business Ventures">Business Ventures</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66503" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for Case Studies of the Emulation of Chinese Entrepreneurial <span class="highlight">Business</span> Models">Citation</a></div> <div style="min-width:110px;"><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/download.aspx?name=25-017.pdf" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Read Case Studies of the Emulation of Chinese Entrepreneurial <span class="highlight">Business</span> Models Now">Read Now</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66503" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66503" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about Case Studies of the Emulation of Chinese Entrepreneurial <span class="highlight">Business</span> Models">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66503" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Lerner, Josh, Junxi Liu, Jacob Moscona, and David Yang. <A HREF="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/download.aspx?name=25-017.pdf">"Case Studies of the Emulation of Chinese Entrepreneurial Business Models."</A> Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-017, September 2024.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66503" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>October 2024 (Revised October 2024)</li> <li class="ash">Case</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66516" aria-label="SWEN Blue Ocean: Impact Investing Goes to Sea faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">SWEN Blue Ocean: Impact Investing Goes to Sea</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=103852&click=byline">Vikram S Gandhi</a> and David Allen</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">In August 2023, SWEN Blue Ocean, a €170 million impact fund that invested in startups contributing to ocean sustainability, faced a critical investment decision. Part of SWEN Capital Partners, an €8 billion, Paris-based private equity fund, Blue Ocean was co-founded in... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66516" aria-label="View Details about SWEN Blue Ocean: Impact Investing Goes to Sea">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Communication Technology">Communication Technology</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Environmental Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Green Technology">Green Technology</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Finance">Finance</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Capital">Capital</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Venture Capital">Venture Capital</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Private Equity">Private Equity</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Investment">Investment</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Investment Funds">Investment Funds</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Science-Based Business">Science-Based Business</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Financial Services Industry">Financial Services Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=France">France</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Paris">Paris</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Italy">Italy</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66516" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for SWEN Blue Ocean: Impact Investing Goes to Sea">Citation</a></div> <div><a href="http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/product/325013-PDF-ENG" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Educators for SWEN Blue Ocean: Impact Investing Goes to Sea">Educators</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66516" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66516" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about SWEN Blue Ocean: Impact Investing Goes to Sea">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66516" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Gandhi, Vikram S., and David Allen. "SWEN Blue Ocean: Impact Investing Goes to Sea." Harvard Business School Case 325-013, October 2024. (Revised October 2024.)</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66516" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>October 2024</li> <li class="ash">Case</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66512" aria-label="Allurion: Competing in the Age of GLP-1 faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">Allurion: Competing in the Age of GLP-1</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=940114&click=byline">Satish Tadikonda</a>, <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=6497&click=byline">Rajiv Lal</a>, David Lane and Sarah Sasso</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">Shantanu Gaur had built Allurion into a formidable business internationally, providing obesity patients with a less invasive option long before GLP-1 drugs became the latest craze. Selling Allurion's medical device across 60+ countries, he awaited FDA approval to bring... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66512" aria-label="View Details about Allurion: Competing in the Age of GLP-1">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Corporate Entrepreneurship">Corporate Entrepreneurship</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Health Care and Treatment">Health Care and Treatment</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Competitive Strategy">Competitive Strategy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Medical Devices and Supplies Industry">Medical Devices and Supplies Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Health Industry">Health Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=United States">United States</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=France">France</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=India">India</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Brazil">Brazil</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Middle East">Middle East</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66512" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for Allurion: Competing in the Age of GLP-1">Citation</a></div> <div><a href="http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/product/525011-PDF-ENG" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Educators for Allurion: Competing in the Age of GLP-1">Educators</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66512" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66512" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about Allurion: Competing in the Age of GLP-1">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66512" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Tadikonda, Satish, Rajiv Lal, David Lane, and Sarah Sasso. "Allurion: Competing in the Age of GLP-1." Harvard Business School Case 525-011, October 2024.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66512" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>October 2024 (Revised October 2024)</li> <li class="ash">Case</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66543" aria-label="Citizens of the World: The International Legacy of Gloria von Thurn und Taxis faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">Citizens of the World: The International Legacy of Gloria von Thurn und Taxis</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=340063&click=byline">Lauren Cohen</a>, Sophia Pan and Maximilian Form</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">When her husband passed away and inheritance taxes struck, Princess Gloria von Thurn und Taxis took decisive action to preserve her family’s fortune and legacy. The Thurn und Taxis family, one of Europe’s oldest aristocratic dynasties, had built their wealth through... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66543" aria-label="View Details about Citizens of the World: The International Legacy of Gloria von Thurn und Taxis">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Family Office">Family Office</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Real Estate">Real Estate</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Legacy">Legacy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=International Business">International Business</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Germany">Germany</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Family Business">Family Business</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Economy">Economy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Macroeconomics">Macroeconomics</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Financial Crisis">Financial Crisis</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Financial Liquidity">Financial Liquidity</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Investment">Investment</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Reputation">Reputation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Diversification">Diversification</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Real Estate Industry">Real Estate Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Germany">Germany</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66543" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for Citizens of the World: The International Legacy of Gloria von Thurn und Taxis">Citation</a></div> <div><a href="http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/product/225038-PDF-ENG" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Educators for Citizens of the World: The International Legacy of Gloria von Thurn und Taxis">Educators</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66543" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66543" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about Citizens of the World: The International Legacy of Gloria von Thurn und Taxis">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66543" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Cohen, Lauren, Sophia Pan, and Maximilian Form. "Citizens of the World: The International Legacy of Gloria von Thurn und Taxis." Harvard Business School Case 225-038, October 2024. (Revised October 2024.)</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66543" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fr-research-list"> <div class="media" data-wcm-edit-url=""> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span99"> <ul class="linear mu-uc"> <li>October 2024</li> <li class="ash">Case</li> </ul><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66402" aria-label="Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets faculty & research publication detail page"> <h2 class="eta">Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets</h2></a><div class="nu add-underline">By: <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=774396&click=byline">Joseph Pacelli</a>, Ravi Ramniklal Gondalia and James Weber</div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="add-underline">In August of 2017, CSL Capital, a private equity fund founded and operated by Charlie Leykum (HBS’04), was deciding to take one of its portfolio companies, Ranger Energy Services, public. Founded in 2014, Ranger Energy was an oilfield service company providing... <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66402" aria-label="View Details about Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets">View Details</a></div> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="mu regular add-underline"><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Initial Public Offering">Initial Public Offering</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Financial Strategy">Financial Strategy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Valuation">Valuation</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Energy">Energy</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Financial Services Industry">Financial Services Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=Energy Industry">Energy Industry</a>; <a href="/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx?q=United States">United States</a></div> <div class="shim10"></div> <div class="publication-extras-container toggle-container add-underline"> <div class="publication-extras" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row;"> <div><a href="#frCitationris-66402" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Citation for Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets">Citation</a></div> <div><a href="http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/product/125023-PDF-ENG" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Educators for Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets">Educators</a></div> <div><a href="http://hbr.org/search/125023" class="pub-extra-item black mu" aria-label="Purchase Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets">Purchase</a></div> <div class="relatedpopout-trigger"><a href="#frRelatedris-66402" data-item-url="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=66402" class="pub-extra-item toggle-plus toggle-button black mu" role="button" aria-label="Related publications about Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets">Related</a></div> </div> <div id="frCitationris-66402" class="frCitation nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;">Pacelli, Joseph, Ravi Ramniklal Gondalia, and James Weber. <A HREF="http://hbr.org/product/Ranger-Energy-Services--B/an/125023-PDF-ENG">"Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets."</A> Harvard Business School Case 125-023, October 2024.</div> <div id="frRelatedris-66402" class="frRelated nu has-slide" style="margin-top: 10px; display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div xmlns:dc="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-namespace/" class="facetctrl-ajax-html"> <div class="hr3"></div> <div class="shim24"></div> <ul class="facetctrl-page-list nu"> <li><span class="black-bg white facetctrl-ajax-page-link facetctrl-scroll-top" style="padding:3px 6px">1</span></li> <li><a href="?q=Business&page=2" class="ink facetctrl-ajax-page-link facetctrl-scroll-top">2</a></li> <li><span class="ink" style="background-color:#ebebeb;padding:3px 6px">…</span></li> <li><a href="?q=Business&page=445" class="ink facetctrl-ajax-page-link facetctrl-scroll-top">445</a></li> <li><a href="?q=Business&page=446" class="ink facetctrl-ajax-page-link facetctrl-scroll-top">446</a></li> <li><a href="?q=Business&page=2" class="ink facetctrl-ajax-page-link facetctrl-scroll-top">→</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="facetctrl-ajax-html facetctrl-ajax-classes search-right-sidebar span3 tablet-span4"> <div class="tablet-hidden mobile-hidden"> <h2 class="kappa-uc">Are you looking for?</h2> <div class="shim14"></div> <div> <div class="kappa"><a href=""></a></div> <div class="shim5"></div> <div class="desc mu light"></div> <div class="shim15"></div> </div> <div> <div class="kappa"><a href=""></a></div> <div class="shim5"></div> <div class="desc mu light"></div> <div class="shim15"></div> </div> <div class="more"><span class="txt-arrow">→</span><a href="?q=Business&sub=hbs">Search All HBS Web</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nu"> <div class="facetctrl-ajax-html"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div><script> var _domready = _domready || []; _domready.push(function(){ if (window.searchPreInit) searchPreInit(); loadFacets(); var path = document.location.pathname; if ($("meta[name=HBSSearchUrl]").length == 0 && path.indexOf('search.aspx') != -1) { $("head").append('<meta name="HBSSearchUrl" content="'+path+'"/>'); $("meta[name=HBSSearchSubset]").remove() } $(document).bind("framework.breakpoint",function(){ loadFacets(); }) }) function loadFacets(){ FacetController.ready(function(){ $('.isotope-installed').removeClass('isotope-installed'); var facetCtrl = new FacetController({container:"#search1-app", ajax:true }); window.facetCtrl = facetCtrl; // when data is ready to render facetCtrl.onRender(function(){ $(".facetctrl-breadcrumb").html(facetCtrl.renderBreadcrumb()); var fhtml = facetCtrl.renderNavigation(); if ($('html.ua-desktop').length == 0) { $("#facet-navigation-mobile").html(fhtml); } else { $("#facet-navigation").html(fhtml); } $(".facetctrl-clone-facet").each(function(){ var facetName = $(this).data('facet-name'); var facetHtml = facetCtrl.renderNavigation(facetName); if (facetHtml) { $(this).find('.facetctrl-clone-facet-target').html(facetHtml); } else { $(this).empty(); } }) $(".facetctrl-query").each(function(){ $(".universal-site-search-query").val($(this).data('query')); }) $(document).trigger('framework.domupdate'); facetCtrl.bindEvents(); facetCtrl.updateInputFields(); console.info('onrender'); }) eval($("#facetctrl-config").html()); var data = eval($("#facetctrl-data").html()); facetCtrl.loadData(data); facetCtrl.render(); }) } </script><script type="text/facetdata" id="facetctrl-data"> new Object({ total:8917, pages:446, step:20, page:1, facets:[ {"facet":"HBSSubset","label":"Faculty","id":"Faculty","count":"8917"}, {"facet":"HBSSubset","label":"FacultyPublications","id":"FacultyPublications","count":"8917"}, {"facet":"HBSSubset","label":"HBS","id":"HBS","count":"8917"}, {"facet":"HBSSubset","label":"Research","id":"Research","count":"8917"}, {"facet":"contentType","label":"Cases","id":"Cases","count":"4428"}, {"facet":"contentType","label":"Teaching Materials","id":"Teaching Materials","count":"1744"}, {"facet":"contentType","label":"Articles","id":"Articles","count":"1214"}, {"facet":"contentType","label":"Presentations","id":"Presentations","count":"354"}, {"facet":"contentType","label":"Working Papers","id":"Working Papers","count":"325"}, {"facet":"contentType","label":"Books","id":"Books","count":"260"}, {"facet":"contentType","label":"Book Chapters","id":"Book Chapters","count":"246"}, {"facet":"contentType","label":"Research Summaries","id":"Research Summaries","count":"136"}, {"facet":"contentType","label":"Other","id":"Other","count":"105"}, {"facet":"contentType","label":"Teaching Interests","id":"Teaching Interests","count":"105"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Business Ventures||", "count":"3992"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Strategy||", "count":"2620"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Management||", "count":"2359"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Finance||", "count":"2309"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Relationships||", "count":"1601"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Organizations||", "count":"1538"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Entrepreneurship||", "count":"1211"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Information Technology||", "count":"1166"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Operations||", "count":"1012"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Markets||", "count":"953"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Governance||", "count":"924"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Decision Making||", "count":"905"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Innovation and Invention||", "count":"872"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Marketing||", "count":"867"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Leadership||", "count":"811"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Change||", "count":"797"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Economics||", "count":"792"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Globalization||", "count":"766"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Social Psychology||", "count":"735"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Value||", "count":"643"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Human Resources||", "count":"501"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Health||", "count":"497"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Performance||", "count":"495"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Society||", "count":"453"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Ethics||", "count":"422"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=History||", "count":"404"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Government and Politics||", "count":"399"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Ownership||", "count":"394"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Customers||", "count":"384"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Science||", "count":"377"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Education||", "count":"363"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Problems and Challenges||", "count":"354"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Accounting||", "count":"345"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Negotiation||", "count":"330"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Law||", "count":"305"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Communication||", "count":"265"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Demographics||", "count":"263"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Planning||", "count":"246"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Research||", "count":"243"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Outcome or Result||", "count":"232"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Geography||", "count":"218"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Social Enterprise||", "count":"216"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Risk and Uncertainty||", "count":"205"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Sales||", "count":"204"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Personal Development and Career||", "count":"194"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Competency and Skills||", "count":"187"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Situation or Environment||", "count":"178"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Labor||", "count":"175"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Information||", "count":"165"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Energy||", "count":"158"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Growth and Development||", "count":"148"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=System||", "count":"142"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Agribusiness||", "count":"121"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Environmental Management||", "count":"121"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Measurement and Metrics||", "count":"117"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Intellectual Property||", "count":"114"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Knowledge||", "count":"113"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Entertainment||", "count":"112"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Engineering||", "count":"108"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Food||", "count":"100"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Crime and Corruption||", "count":"98"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Jobs and Positions||", "count":"88"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Transportation||", "count":"84"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Design||", "count":"79"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Media||", "count":"73"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Projects||", "count":"72"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Quality||", "count":"66"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Sports||", "count":"61"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Safety||", "count":"59"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Framework||", "count":"56"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Philanthropy and Charitable Giving||", "count":"55"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Analysis||", "count":"48"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Theory||", "count":"46"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Buildings and Facilities||", "count":"43"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Digital Transformation||", "count":"39"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Practice||", "count":"38"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Goods and Commodities||", "count":"35"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Programs||", "count":"32"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Arts||", "count":"25"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Housing||", "count":"21"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Religion||", "count":"14"}, {"facet":"topic", "packed":"|t=Demography||", "count":"12"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Financial Services Industry","id":"Financial Services Industry","count":"417"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Technology Industry","id":"Technology Industry","count":"390"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Food and Beverage Industry","id":"Food and Beverage Industry","count":"358"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Retail Industry","id":"Retail Industry","count":"357"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Information Technology Industry","id":"Information Technology Industry","count":"285"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Health Industry","id":"Health Industry","count":"284"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Manufacturing Industry","id":"Manufacturing Industry","count":"283"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Consumer Products Industry","id":"Consumer Products Industry","count":"267"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Energy Industry","id":"Energy Industry","count":"205"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Banking Industry","id":"Banking Industry","count":"198"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Service Industry","id":"Service Industry","count":"186"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry","id":"Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry","count":"180"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Pharmaceutical Industry","id":"Pharmaceutical Industry","count":"173"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Auto Industry","id":"Auto Industry","count":"160"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Entertainment and Recreation Industry","id":"Entertainment and Recreation Industry","count":"147"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Telecommunications Industry","id":"Telecommunications Industry","count":"138"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Education Industry","id":"Education Industry","count":"137"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Real Estate Industry","id":"Real Estate Industry","count":"116"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Computer Industry","id":"Computer Industry","count":"98"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Apparel and Accessories Industry","id":"Apparel and Accessories Industry","count":"96"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Media and Broadcasting Industry","id":"Media and Broadcasting Industry","count":"95"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Electronics Industry","id":"Electronics Industry","count":"94"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Biotechnology Industry","id":"Biotechnology Industry","count":"92"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Web Services Industry","id":"Web Services Industry","count":"91"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Consulting Industry","id":"Consulting Industry","count":"82"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Chemical Industry","id":"Chemical Industry","count":"75"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Air Transportation Industry","id":"Air Transportation Industry","count":"73"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Medical Devices and Supplies Industry","id":"Medical Devices and Supplies Industry","count":"73"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Sports Industry","id":"Sports Industry","count":"72"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Transportation Industry","id":"Transportation Industry","count":"71"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Construction Industry","id":"Construction Industry","count":"65"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Insurance Industry","id":"Insurance Industry","count":"61"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Green Technology Industry","id":"Green Technology Industry","count":"57"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Mining Industry","id":"Mining Industry","count":"56"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Beauty and Cosmetics Industry","id":"Beauty and Cosmetics Industry","count":"53"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Publishing Industry","id":"Publishing Industry","count":"53"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Utilities Industry","id":"Utilities Industry","count":"52"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Industrial Products Industry","id":"Industrial Products Industry","count":"51"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Public Administration Industry","id":"Public Administration Industry","count":"51"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Advertising Industry","id":"Advertising Industry","count":"49"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Fashion Industry","id":"Fashion Industry","count":"49"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Distribution Industry","id":"Distribution Industry","count":"45"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Semiconductor Industry","id":"Semiconductor Industry","count":"45"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Travel Industry","id":"Travel Industry","count":"44"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Aerospace Industry","id":"Aerospace Industry","count":"38"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Music Industry","id":"Music Industry","count":"38"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Tourism Industry","id":"Tourism Industry","count":"37"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Motion Pictures and Video Industry","id":"Motion Pictures and Video Industry","count":"34"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Communications Industry","id":"Communications Industry","count":"32"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Shipping Industry","id":"Shipping Industry","count":"30"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Accommodations Industry","id":"Accommodations Industry","count":"27"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Journalism and News Industry","id":"Journalism and News Industry","count":"25"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Steel Industry","id":"Steel Industry","count":"22"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Employment Industry","id":"Employment Industry","count":"21"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Information Industry","id":"Information Industry","count":"21"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Legal Services Industry","id":"Legal Services Industry","count":"18"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Pulp and Paper Industry","id":"Pulp and Paper Industry","count":"18"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Video Game Industry","id":"Video Game Industry","count":"18"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Accounting Industry","id":"Accounting Industry","count":"14"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Rail Industry","id":"Rail Industry","count":"13"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Forest Products Industry","id":"Forest Products Industry","count":"12"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Battery Industry","id":"Battery Industry","count":"11"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Fine Arts Industry","id":"Fine Arts Industry","count":"10"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Motorcycle Industry","id":"Motorcycle Industry","count":"10"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Bicycle Industry","id":"Bicycle Industry","count":"8"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Public Relations Industry","id":"Public Relations Industry","count":"6"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Rubber Industry","id":"Rubber Industry","count":"5"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Forestry Industry","id":"Forestry Industry","count":"2"}, {"facet":"industry","label":"Alternative Energy Industry","id":"Alternative Energy Industry","count":"1"}, {"facet":"geo", "packed":"|t=North and Central America||", "count":"2221"}, {"facet":"geo", "packed":"|t=Asia||", "count":"1115"}, {"facet":"geo", "packed":"|t=Europe||", "count":"775"}, {"facet":"geo", "packed":"|t=Africa||", "count":"225"}, {"facet":"geo", "packed":"|t=South America||", "count":"220"}, {"facet":"geo", "packed":"|t=Latin America||", "count":"125"}, {"facet":"geo", "packed":"|t=Middle East||", "count":"72"}, {"facet":"geo", "packed":"|t=Oceania||", "count":"68"}, {"facet":"geo", "packed":"|t=Central Asia||", "count":"10"}, {"facet":"geo", "packed":"|t=West Indies||", "count":"2"}, {"facet":"geo", "packed":"|t=Antarctica||", "count":"1"}, { "facet":"facultyFilter", "label":"", "id":"", "count":"6807" }, { "facet":"facultyFilter", "label":"Current", "id":"Current", "count":"6807" }, { "facet":"facultyFilter", "label":"Emeriti", "id":"Emeriti", "count":"2177" }, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Porter, Michael E.","id":"mporter","count":"330"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Jones, Geoffrey G.","id":"gjones","count":"216"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kanter, Rosabeth M.","id":"rkanter","count":"206"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Paine, Lynn S.","id":"lpaine","count":"171"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Applegate, Lynda M.","id":"lapplegate","count":"163"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Khanna, Tarun","id":"tkhanna","count":"150"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Eisenmann, Thomas R.","id":"teisenmann","count":"146"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon","id":"rmasanell","count":"143"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Sahlman, William A.","id":"wsahlman","count":"119"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Esty, Benjamin C.","id":"besty","count":"116"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Quelch, John A.","id":"jquelch","count":"114"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Groysberg, Boris","id":"bgroysberg","count":"113"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Lerner, Josh","id":"jlerner","count":"110"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Shih, Willy C.","id":"wshih","count":"110"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kerr, William R.","id":"wkerr","count":"105"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Palepu, Krishna G.","id":"kpalepu","count":"100"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Serafeim, George","id":"gserafeim","count":"99"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Collis, David J.","id":"dcollis","count":"97"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Simons, Robert","id":"rsimons","count":"95"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Srinivasan, Suraj","id":"ssrinivasan","count":"95"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"McFarlan, F. Warren","id":"fmcfarlan","count":"93"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Bower, Joseph L.","id":"jbower","count":"92"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Gompers, Paul A.","id":"pgompers","count":"90"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Ruback, Richard S.","id":"rruback","count":"89"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Hamermesh, Richard G.","id":"rhamermesh","count":"88"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Rangan, V. Kasturi","id":"vrangan","count":"87"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Nohria, Nitin","id":"nnohria","count":"83"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Cespedes, Frank V.","id":"fcespedes","count":"82"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Yoffie, David B.","id":"dyoffie","count":"79"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Baldwin, Carliss Y.","id":"cbaldwin","count":"78"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Hill, Linda A.","id":"lhill","count":"78"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Healy, Paul M.","id":"phealy","count":"75"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Goldberg, Ray A.","id":"rgoldberg","count":"75"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Austin, James E.","id":"jaustin","count":"74"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Gilson, Stuart C.","id":"sgilson","count":"74"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Bartlett, Christopher A.","id":"cbartlett","count":"71"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Lorsch, Jay W.","id":"jlorsch","count":"69"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Edmondson, Amy C.","id":"aedmondson","count":"66"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Herzlinger, Regina E.","id":"rherzlinger","count":"66"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Bell, David E.","id":"dbell","count":"65"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Gulati, Ranjay","id":"rgulati","count":"65"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Toffel, Michael W.","id":"mtoffel","count":"64"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Reinhardt, Forest L.","id":"freinhardt","count":"63"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Stevenson, Howard H.","id":"hstevenson","count":"61"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Tushman, Michael L.","id":"mtushman","count":"61"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Nanda, Ashish","id":"ananda","count":"60"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Sebenius, James K.","id":"jsebenius","count":"59"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Yudkoff, Royce G.","id":"ryudkoff","count":"59"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Gupta, Sunil","id":"sgupta","count":"59"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Cohen, Lauren H.","id":"lcohen","count":"57"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Desai, Mihir A.","id":"mdesai","count":"57"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Ghosh, Shikhar","id":"sghosh","count":"57"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Ofek, Elie","id":"eofek","count":"56"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kaplan, Robert S.","id":"rkaplan","count":"56"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Nanda, Ramana","id":"rnanda","count":"56"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Bussgang, Jeffrey J.","id":"jbussgang","count":"55"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Oberholzer-Gee, Felix","id":"foberholzer","count":"53"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"DeLong, Thomas J.","id":"tdelong","count":"53"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Rayport, Jeffrey F.","id":"jrayport","count":"52"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kirby, William C.","id":"wkirby","count":"52"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Elberse, Anita","id":"aelberse","count":"51"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Avery, Jill J.","id":"javery","count":"51"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Fuller, Joseph B.","id":"jfuller","count":"51"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Hart, Myra M.","id":"mhart","count":"51"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Tedlow, Richard S.","id":"rtedlow","count":"51"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Vietor, Richard H.K.","id":"rvietor","count":"51"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Bowen, H. Kent","id":"kbowen","count":"50"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Alfaro, Laura","id":"lalfaro","count":"50"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Subramanian, Guhan","id":"gsubramanian","count":"49"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Rivkin, Jan W.","id":"jrivkin","count":"49"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Narayanan, V.G.","id":"vnarayanan","count":"49"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Iansiti, Marco","id":"miansiti","count":"48"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Narayandas, Das","id":"nnarayandas","count":"48"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Khurana, Rakesh","id":"rkhurana","count":"48"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Lassiter, Joseph B.","id":"jlassiter","count":"47"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Lakhani, Karim R.","id":"klakhani","count":"47"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Schlesinger, Leonard A.","id":"lschlesinger","count":"45"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Hsieh, Nien-he","id":"nhsieh","count":"45"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Pisano, Gary P.","id":"gpisano","count":"44"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Deshpande, Rohit","id":"rdeshpande","count":"44"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Lal, Rajiv","id":"rlal","count":"44"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Nicholas, Tom","id":"tnicholas","count":"44"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Yoshino, Michael Y.","id":"myoshino","count":"43"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Abdelal, Rawi E.","id":"rabdelal","count":"43"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Ivashina, Victoria","id":"vivashina","count":"42"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Fruhan, William E.","id":"wfruhan","count":"42"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Segel, Arthur I","id":"asegel","count":"41"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Alcacer, Juan","id":"jalcacer","count":"41"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Macomber, John D.","id":"jmacomber","count":"41"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Beer, Michael","id":"mbeer","count":"41"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Wing, Christina R.","id":"cwing","count":"40"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Henderson, Rebecca M.","id":"rhenderson","count":"39"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Datar, Srikant M.","id":"sdatar","count":"39"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Zhu, Feng","id":"fzhu","count":"38"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Wang, Charles C.Y.","id":"cwang","count":"37"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Spar, Debora L.","id":"dspar","count":"37"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Baron, Josh","id":"jbaron","count":"37"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Nolan, Richard L.","id":"rnolan","count":"37"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kester, W. Carl","id":"wkester","count":"37"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Tufano, Peter","id":"ptufano","count":"36"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Sucher, Sandra J.","id":"ssucher","count":"36"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Rose, Clayton S.","id":"crose","count":"35"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Margolis, Joshua D.","id":"jmargolis","count":"35"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Mills, Karen","id":"kmills","count":"35"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Huckman, Robert S.","id":"rhuckman","count":"35"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Mayo, Anthony","id":"tmayo","count":"35"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Koning, Rembrand M.","id":"rkoning","count":"34"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"MacCormack, Alan D.","id":"amaccormack","count":"33"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Anand, Bharat N.","id":"banand","count":"33"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Foley, C. Fritz","id":"ffoley","count":"33"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Frei, Frances X.","id":"ffrei","count":"33"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Heskett, James L.","id":"jheskett","count":"33"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Greyser, Stephen A.","id":"sgreyser","count":"33"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Badaracco, Joseph L.","id":"jbadaracco","count":"32"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Thomke, Stefan H.","id":"sthomke","count":"32"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Wheelwright, Steven C.","id":"swheelwright","count":"32"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Campbell, Dennis","id":"dcampbell","count":"31"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Wells, Louis T.","id":"lwells","count":"31"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Di Tella, Rafael M.","id":"rditella","count":"31"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Piper, Thomas R.","id":"tpiper","count":"31"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Wu, Andy","id":"awu","count":"30"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Montgomery, Cynthia A.","id":"cmontgomery","count":"30"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Moss, David A.","id":"dmoss","count":"30"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Sadun, Raffaella","id":"rsadun","count":"29"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Israeli, Ayelet","id":"aisraeli","count":"28"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Gino, Francesca","id":"fgino","count":"28"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Greenwood, Robin","id":"rgreenwood","count":"28"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Trelstad, Brian L.","id":"btrelstad","count":"27"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Joly, Hubert","id":"hjoly","count":"27"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Koehn, Nancy F.","id":"nkoehn","count":"27"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Perold, Andre F.","id":"aperold","count":"26"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Thomas, David A.","id":"dthomas","count":"26"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Deighton, John A.","id":"jdeighton","count":"26"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Mayfield, E. Scott","id":"smayfield","count":"26"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Bernstein, Ethan S.","id":"ebernstein","count":"25"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"McGinn, Kathleen L.","id":"kmcginn","count":"25"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Amabile, Teresa M.","id":"tamabile","count":"25"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Baker, Malcolm P.","id":"mbaker","count":"24"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Salter, Malcolm S.","id":"msalter","count":"24"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Weiss, Mitchell B.","id":"mweiss","count":"24"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Marshall, Paul W.","id":"pmarshall","count":"24"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Moreno, Antonio","id":"amoreno","count":"23"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Malhotra, Deepak","id":"dmalhotra","count":"23"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Lodge, George C.","id":"glodge","count":"23"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Raffaelli, Ryan L.","id":"rraffaelli","count":"23"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Shapiro, Benson P.","id":"bshapiro","count":"22"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Stanton, Christopher T.","id":"cstanton","count":"22"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Leonard, Dorothy A.","id":"dleonard","count":"22"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Heese, Jonas","id":"jheese","count":"22"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Greenstein, Shane M.","id":"sgreenstein","count":"22"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Sandino, Tatiana","id":"tsandino","count":"22"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Moon, Youngme","id":"ymoon","count":"22"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Fubini, David G.","id":"dfubini","count":"21"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Leonard, Dutch","id":"hleonard","count":"21"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Bazerman, Max H.","id":"mbazerman","count":"21"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Choudhury, Prithwiraj","id":"pchoudhury","count":"21"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Shapiro, Roy D.","id":"rshapiro","count":"21"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kominers, Scott Duke","id":"skominers","count":"21"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Poorvu, William J.","id":"wpoorvu","count":"21"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Bradley, Stephen P.","id":"sbradley","count":"20"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Emmons, Willis M.","id":"wemmons","count":"20"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Grossman, Allen S.","id":"agrossman","count":"19"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Battilana, Julie","id":"jbattilana","count":"19"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Viceira, Luis M.","id":"lviceira","count":"19"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Gerardo Lietz, Nori","id":"nglietz","count":"19"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Crane, Dwight B.","id":"dcrane","count":"18"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Scharfstein, David S.","id":"dscharfstein","count":"17"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Yao, Dennis A.","id":"dyao","count":"17"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Ascarza, Eva","id":"eascarza","count":"17"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Soltes, Eugene F.","id":"esoltes","count":"17"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Weinzierl, Matthew C.","id":"mweinzierl","count":"17"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Cole, Shawn A.","id":"scole","count":"17"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Reinert, Sophus A.","id":"sreinert","count":"17"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Mills, D. Quinn","id":"dmills","count":"16"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Hyde, Lindsay N.","id":"lhyde","count":"16"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Norton, Michael I.","id":"mnorton","count":"16"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Tadikonda, Satish K.","id":"stadikonda","count":"16"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Neeley, Tsedal","id":"tneeley","count":"16"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Roscini, Dante","id":"droscini","count":"15"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Hammond, Janice H.","id":"jhammond","count":"15"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Mugford, Kristin W.","id":"kmugford","count":"15"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Rithmire, Meg","id":"mrithmire","count":"15"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Wheeler, Michael A.","id":"mwheeler","count":"15"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Dolan, Robert J.","id":"rdolan","count":"15"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Dey, Aiyesha","id":"adey","count":"14"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Nagle, Frank","id":"fnagle","count":"14"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Gourville, John T.","id":"jgourville","count":"14"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Tamayo, Jorge","id":"jtamayo","count":"14"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Tango, Jo","id":"jtango","count":"14"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Ely, Robin J.","id":"rely","count":"14"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Raman, Ananth","id":"araman","count":"13"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Zelleke, Andy","id":"azelleke","count":"13"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Van den Steen, Eric J.","id":"evandensteen","count":"13"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kim, John Jong-Hyun","id":"jkim","count":"13"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Gallani, Susanna","id":"sgallani","count":"13"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Gandhi, Vikram","id":"vgandhi","count":"13"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Friedman, Walter A.","id":"wfriedman","count":"13"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Hall, Brian J.","id":"bhall","count":"12"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"van Bever, Derek C. M.","id":"dvanbever","count":"12"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Stafford, Erik","id":"estafford","count":"12"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Trumbull, Gunnar","id":"gtrumbull","count":"12"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"McGee, Henry W.","id":"hmcgee","count":"12"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Clark, Kim B.","id":"kclark","count":"12"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Shipley, N. Louis","id":"lshipley","count":"12"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Roche, Maria P.","id":"mroche","count":"12"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Sikochi, Anywhere","id":"ssikochi","count":"12"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Jones, Archie L.","id":"ajones","count":"11"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Calic, Goran","id":"gcalic","count":"11"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Froot, Kenneth A.","id":"kfroot","count":"11"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Dafny, Leemore S.","id":"ldafny","count":"11"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Perlow, Leslie A.","id":"lperlow","count":"11"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Hayes, Robert H.","id":"rhayes","count":"11"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Bernstein, Shai Benjamin","id":"sbernstein","count":"11"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Sasser, W. Earl","id":"wsasser","count":"11"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kotter, John P.","id":"jkotter","count":"10"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Polzer, Jeffrey T.","id":"jpolzer","count":"10"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Wallace, Christina M.","id":"cwallace","count":"9"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Rouen, Ethan C.","id":"erouen","count":"9"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Coval, Joshua D.","id":"jcoval","count":"9"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Friedman, Jeremy S.","id":"jfriedman","count":"9"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Pacelli, Joseph","id":"jpacelli","count":"9"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"John, Leslie K.","id":"ljohn","count":"9"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Satchu, Reza R.","id":"rsatchu","count":"9"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"White, Robert F.","id":"rwhite","count":"9"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Hayes, Samuel L.","id":"shayes","count":"9"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Whillans, Ashley V.","id":"awhillans","count":"8"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Vallee, Boris","id":"bvallee","count":"8"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kim, Hyunjin","id":"hkim","count":"8"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Beshears, John","id":"jbeshears","count":"8"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Roberge, Mark N.","id":"mroberge","count":"8"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Hanson, Samuel G.","id":"shanson","count":"8"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Zuzul, Tiona W.","id":"tzuzul","count":"8"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Sunderam, Adi","id":"asunderam","count":"7"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Roth, Benjamin N.","id":"broth","count":"7"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Dionne, John D.","id":"jdionne","count":"7"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Krieger, Joshua Lev","id":"jkrieger","count":"7"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Egan, Mark L.","id":"megan","count":"7"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Parzen, Michael I.","id":"mparzen","count":"7"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Sinozich, Martin A.","id":"msinozich","count":"7"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Lu, Shirley","id":"slu","count":"7"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Cavallo, Alberto F.","id":"acavallo","count":"6"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Elkins, Caroline M.","id":"celkins","count":"6"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Farronato, Chiara","id":"cfarronato","count":"6"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Ager, David","id":"dager","count":"6"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Zaltman, Gerald","id":"gzaltman","count":"6"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Gibson, Hise O.","id":"hgibson","count":"6"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Ramarajan, Lakshmi","id":"lramarajan","count":"6"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Rigol, Natalia","id":"nrigol","count":"6"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Buell, Ryan W.","id":"rbuell","count":"6"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kluender, Raymond P.","id":"rkluender","count":"6"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Merton, Robert C.","id":"rmerton","count":"6"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Verganti, Roberto","id":"rverganti","count":"6"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Pons, Vincent","id":"vpons","count":"6"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Cullen, Zoe B.","id":"zcullen","count":"6"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Chandra, Amitabh","id":"achandra","count":"5"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Schleifer, Arthur","id":"aschleifer","count":"5"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Brooks, Alison Wood","id":"awbrooks","count":"5"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"McComb, Emily R.","id":"emccomb","count":"5"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Bojinov, Iavor I.","id":"ibojinov","count":"5"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kim, Olivia S.","id":"okim","count":"5"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Berk, Edward B.","id":"tberk","count":"5"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Fetter, Trevor","id":"tfetter","count":"5"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kempf, Elisabeth","id":"ekempf","count":"4"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Truelove, Emily","id":"etruelove","count":"4"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Riedel, George A.","id":"griedel","count":"4"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Cash, James I.","id":"jcash","count":"4"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"De Freitas, Julian","id":"jdefreitas","count":"4"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kang, Jung Koo","id":"jkang","count":"4"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Coffman, Katherine B.","id":"kcoffman","count":"4"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Myers, Kyle R.","id":"kmyers","count":"4"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Cohen, Randolph B.","id":"rbcohen","count":"4"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Karp, Rebecca A.","id":"rkarp","count":"4"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Zhang, Shunyuan","id":"szhang","count":"4"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Zou, Yuan","id":"yzou","count":"4"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Brooks, Arthur C.","id":"abrooks","count":"3"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Schulman, Amy W.","id":"amschulman","count":"3"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Roth, Alvin E.","id":"aroth","count":"3"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"McFowland III, Edward","id":"emcfowland","count":"3"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Siriwardane, Emil N.","id":"esiriwardane","count":"3"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Jachimowicz, Jon M.","id":"jjachimowicz","count":"3"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Lane, Jacqueline Ng","id":"jnlane","count":"3"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Schwartzstein, Joshua R.","id":"jschwartzstein","count":"3"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Shapiro, Jesse M.","id":"jshapiro","count":"3"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Mohan, Kevin P.","id":"kmohan","count":"3"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Gasparini, Matteo","id":"mgasparini","count":"3"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Hussam, Reshmaan N.","id":"rhussam","count":"3"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Meyer, Richard F.","id":"rmeyer","count":"3"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Zuboff, Shoshana","id":"szuboff","count":"3"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Goldenberg, Amit","id":"agoldenberg","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Shleifer, Andrei","id":"ashleifer","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Green, Daniel W.","id":"dgreen","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Chang, Edward H.","id":"ehchang","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Troncoso, Isamar","id":"itroncoso","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Yang, Jeremy","id":"jeryang","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Green, Jerry R.","id":"jgreen","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Matheson, Jim","id":"jmatheson","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Meckling, Jonas O.","id":"jmeckling","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Mulliken, John C.","id":"jmulliken","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Wen, Jaya Y.","id":"jwen","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Ferreira, Kris Johnson","id":"kferreira","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Nelson, Kym Lew","id":"knelson","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kaufman, Michael S.","id":"mkaufman","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Markey, Rob","id":"rmarkey","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Fleiss, Sara L.","id":"sfleiss","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Hillenbrand, Sebastian","id":"shillenbrand","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Graeber, Thomas W.","id":"tgraeber","count":"2"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Mnookin, Allison H.","id":"amnookin","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Baik, Brian K.","id":"bbaik","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Kaps, Christian","id":"ckaps","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Robertson, Charlotte L.","id":"crobertson","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Iyoha, Ebehi","id":"eiyoha","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Belo-Osagie, Hakeem I.","id":"hbeloosagie","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Lakkaraju, Himabindu","id":"hlakkaraju","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Williams, Heidi","id":"hwilliams","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Batter, John F.","id":"jbatter","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Austin, Julia B.","id":"jbaustin","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Pratt, John W.","id":"jpratt","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Seegars, Lumumba B.","id":"lseegars","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Zhang, Letian","id":"lzhang","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Fibiger, Mattias E.","id":"mfibiger","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Montelongo, Michael","id":"mmontelongo","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Moynihan, Michael T.","id":"mmoynihan","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Sammon, Marco","id":"msammon","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Tabellini, Marco E.","id":"mtabellini","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"van Waijenburg, Marlous","id":"mvanwaijenburg","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Antill, Samuel B.","id":"santill","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Amano, Tomomichi","id":"tamano","count":"1"}, {"facet":"faculty","label":"Vrattos, William C.","id":"wvrattos","count":"1"}, {"facet":"format","label":"Print","id":"Print","count":"8038"}, {"facet":"format","label":"Electronic","id":"Electronic","count":"365"}, {"facet":"format","label":"Video","id":"Video","count":"149"}, {"facet":"format","label":"Multimedia","id":"Multimedia","count":"46"}, {"facet":"format","label":"Audio","id":"Audio","count":"28"}, {"facet":"format","label":"Image","id":"Image","count":"1"}, {"facet":"language","label":"English","id":"English","count":"4329"}, {"facet":"language","label":"Japanese","id":"Japanese","count":"5"}, {"facet":"language","label":"Spanish","id":"Spanish","count":"1"}, {"facet":"language","label":"Turkish","id":"Turkish","count":"1"}, {"facet":"unit","label":"General Management","id":"General Management","count":"1289"}, {"facet":"unit","label":"Entrepreneurial Management","id":"Entrepreneurial Management","count":"1178"}, {"facet":"unit","label":"Strategy","id":"Strategy","count":"855"}, {"facet":"unit","label":"Finance","id":"Finance","count":"841"}, {"facet":"unit","label":"Technology and Operations Management","id":"Technology and Operations Management","count":"699"}, {"facet":"unit","label":"Accounting and Management","id":"Accounting and Management","count":"648"}, {"facet":"unit","label":"Organizational Behavior","id":"Organizational Behavior","count":"625"}, {"facet":"unit","label":"Marketing","id":"Marketing","count":"529"}, {"facet":"unit","label":"Negotiation, Organizations & Markets","id":"Negotiation, Organizations & Markets","count":"264"}, {"facet":"unit","label":"Business, Government and the International Economy","id":"Business, Government and the International Economy","count":"260"}, {}, ] }); </script><script type="text/facetconfig" id="facetctrl-config"> var root = new FacetGroup({facetCtrl:facetCtrl}); var facet = null; facet = new FacetClear({facetCtrl:facetCtrl}); root.append(facet); facet = new FacetSearch({ label:"Search", key:"q", searchWithin:true, typeaheadPrefetch:"/faculty/publications-autocomplete.aspx?ns=0c6ba79a", autocomplete: false, facetCtrl:facetCtrl }) root.append(facet); facet = new FacetSelect({label:"", selectLabel:"Sort By", key:"sort", options: [ ['Newest First','HBSSortDate desc'] , ['Oldest First','HBSSortDate asc'] , ['Title','HBSSortString asc'] ], facetCtrl:facetCtrl}); root.append(facet); facet = new FacetList({label:"Content Type", key:"contentType", displayAllButton: true, allLabel: "View All", displayCounts: true, moreLimit: 6, sort: 'Alpha', moreStyle:'Default', defaultCollapsed: false, displayZeros: true, facetCtrl:facetCtrl }); root.append(facet); facet = new FacetList({label:"Topic", key:"topic", displayAllButton: true, allLabel: "View All", displayCounts: true, moreLimit: 6, sort: 'Alpha', moreStyle:'Default', defaultCollapsed: false, displayZeros: true, facetCtrl:facetCtrl }); root.append(facet); facet = new FacetList({label:"Industry", key:"industry", displayAllButton: true, allLabel: "View All", displayCounts: true, moreLimit: 6, sort: 'Alpha', moreStyle:'Default', defaultCollapsed: false, displayZeros: true, facetCtrl:facetCtrl }); root.append(facet); facet = new FacetList({label:"Geographic Area", key:"geo", displayAllButton: true, allLabel: "View All", displayCounts: true, moreLimit: 6, sort: 'Alpha', moreStyle:'Default', defaultCollapsed: false, displayZeros: true, facetCtrl:facetCtrl }); root.append(facet); facet = new FacetList({label:"Faculty Filter", key:"facultyFilter", displayAllButton: true, allLabel: "View All", displayCounts: true, options:[ {label:"", filter:"" }, {label:"Current", filter:"Current" }, {label:"Emeriti", filter:"Emeriti" } ], moreLimit: 6, moreStyle:'Default', defaultCollapsed: false, displayZeros: true, facetCtrl:facetCtrl }); root.append(facet); facet = new FacetAZList({ label:"HBS Authors", key:"faculty", displayCounts: true, defaultCollapsed: true, facetCtrl:facetCtrl }) root.append(facet); facet = new FacetDate({label:"Publication Date", key:"date", defaultCollapsed: true, facetCtrl:facetCtrl }); root.append(facet); facet = new FacetList({label:"Format", key:"format", displayAllButton: true, allLabel: "View All", displayCounts: true, moreLimit: 6, sort: 'Alpha', moreStyle:'Default', defaultCollapsed: false, displayZeros: true, facetCtrl:facetCtrl }); root.append(facet); facet = new FacetList({label:"Languages", key:"language", displayAllButton: true, allLabel: "View All", displayCounts: true, moreLimit: 6, sort: 'Alpha', moreStyle:'Default', defaultCollapsed: false, displayZeros: true, facetCtrl:facetCtrl }); root.append(facet); facet = new FacetList({label:"Academic Unit", key:"unit", displayAllButton: true, allLabel: "View All", displayCounts: true, moreLimit: 6, sort: 'Alpha', moreStyle:'Default', defaultCollapsed: false, displayZeros: true, facetCtrl:facetCtrl }); root.append(facet); window.facetCtrl.install(root); </script> <div class="base tablet-base mobile-base"></div> </main> </div> <!-- ENDINDEX --> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="back-to-top"><a href="#" class="icon-back-to-top" aria-label="Scroll back to top of page"></a></div><footer role="contentinfo"> <div class="universal-footer noindex" data-feature="universal-footer"> <div class="color-framework grid-framework type-framework component-framework pattern-framework js-framework responsive-framework"> <div class="black-bg link-controller white universal-footer-v3 responsive-type"> <div class="container tablet-container mobile-container"> <div class="shim48 desktop-visible"></div> <div class="shim36 tablet-visible"></div> <div class="shim28 mobile-visible"></div> <div class="hidden">ǁ</div> <div class="row tablet-row mobile-flip crawler-noindex"> <div class="span6 mobile-span6 tablet-span7 mobile-stacks"> <div class="shim2 mobile-visible"></div> <div class="hr white-bg mobile-visible" style="margin-left:0;"></div> <div class="shim34 mobile-visible"></div> <div class="row-left"> <div class="span2 mobile-span1"><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/maps/" id="header-map-pic-tablet" class="default-map-link"><img loading="lazy" width="172" height="160" class="white-stroke4 fluid nowarn" src="https://webassets.hbs.edu/templates/headers/images/footer_baker_172x160.jpg" alt="Campus Map"></a><div class="shim17"></div> </div> <div class="span99 address-block"> Harvard Business School<br> Soldiers Field<br> Boston, MA 02163<br><div class="shim6"></div> <div class="more"> <div class="shim6"></div><span class="txt-arrow" aria-hidden="true">→</span><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/maps/" id="footer-maps" class="default-map-link">Map & Directions</a></div> <div class="more mu"> <div class="shim6"></div><span class="txt-arrow" aria-hidden="true">→</span><a href="https://www.hbs.edu/about/Pages/contact.aspx">More Contact Information</a></div> <div class="shim17 desktop-visible"></div> <div class="shim23 tablet-visible"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="span6 tablet-span5 mobile-span6 mobile-flip-up"> <ul class="social-grid new-grid inherit-color-on-hover"> <li class="fb"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Boston-MA/Harvard-Business-School/66459568171/" class="block inherit-color-onhover" style="text-decoration:none;position:relative;height:48px;width:48px;" aria-label="Facebook"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="48px" height="48px" viewBox="0 0 110 110" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <circle cx="55" cy="55" r="50" stroke-width="6" stroke="currentColor"/></svg><div style="position:absolute;top:9px;left:8px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 100 100" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Facebook" fill-rule="nonzero" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M71.644898,50.0163265 L57.6285714,50.0163265 L57.6285714,99.9265306 L36.8938776,99.9265306 L36.8938776,50.0163265 L27.0244898,50.0163265 L27.0244898,32.3673469 L36.8938776,32.3673469 L36.8938776,20.922449 C36.8938776,12.7510204 40.7714286,0.00816326531 57.8408163,0.00816326531 L73.2204082,0.0653061224 L73.2204082,17.2 L62.044898,17.2 C60.2326531,17.2 57.6530612,18.1061224 57.6530612,22.0163265 L57.6530612,32.3673469 L73.4571429,32.3673469 L71.644898,50.0163265 Z"/> </g> </g></svg></div></a></li> <li class="twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/HarvardHBS" class="block inherit-color-onhover" style="text-decoration:none;position:relative;height:48px;width:48px;" aria-label="Twitter"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="48px" height="48px" viewBox="0 0 110 110" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <circle cx="55" cy="55" r="50" stroke-width="6" stroke="currentColor"/></svg><div style="position:absolute;top:11px;left:11px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" height="27" width="27" viewBox="0 0 300.00006 244.18703" version="1.1" class="onhover-container twitter-icon" focusable="false"> <g transform="translate(-539.18 -568.86)" fill="currentColor" class="inherit-fill-onhover"> <path d="m633.9 812.04c112.46 0 173.96-93.168 173.96-173.96 0-2.6463-0.0539-5.2806-0.1726-7.903 11.938-8.6302 22.314-19.4 30.498-31.66-10.955 4.8694-22.744 8.1474-35.111 9.6255 12.623-7.5693 22.314-19.543 26.886-33.817-11.813 7.0031-24.895 12.093-38.824 14.841-11.157-11.884-27.041-19.317-44.629-19.317-33.764 0-61.144 27.381-61.144 61.132 0 4.7978 0.5364 9.4646 1.5854 13.941-50.815-2.5569-95.874-26.886-126.03-63.88-5.2508 9.0354-8.2785 19.531-8.2785 30.73 0 21.212 10.794 39.938 27.208 50.893-10.031-0.30992-19.454-3.0635-27.69-7.6468-0.009 0.25652-0.009 0.50661-0.009 0.78077 0 29.61 21.075 54.332 49.051 59.934-5.1376 1.4006-10.543 2.1516-16.122 2.1516-3.9336 0-7.766-0.38716-11.491-1.1026 7.7838 24.293 30.355 41.971 57.115 42.465-20.926 16.402-47.287 26.171-75.937 26.171-4.929 0-9.7983-0.28036-14.584-0.84634 27.059 17.344 59.189 27.464 93.722 27.464"/> </g></svg></div></a></li> <li class="youtube"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/HarvardBSchool/" class="block inherit-color-onhover" style="text-decoration:none;position:relative;height:48px;width:48px;" aria-label="YouTube"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="48px" height="48px" viewBox="0 0 110 110" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <circle cx="55" cy="55" r="50" stroke-width="6" stroke="currentColor"/></svg><div style="position:absolute;top:11px;left:11px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="27" height="27" viewBox="0 0 100 100" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Youtube" fill-rule="nonzero" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M95.8333333,27.5 C94.7048223,23.4555714 91.5444286,20.2951777 87.5,19.1666667 C80.0416667,17.1666667 50,17.1666667 50,17.1666667 C50,17.1666667 20.0416667,17.125 12.5,19.1666667 C8.45557138,20.2951777 5.29517772,23.4555714 4.16666667,27.5 C2.7520054,35.1404545 2.05452793,42.896404 2.08333333,50.6666667 C2.05971215,58.4090998 2.75716792,66.1369098 4.16666667,73.75 C5.29517772,77.7944286 8.45557138,80.9548223 12.5,82.0833333 C19.9583333,84.0833333 50,84.0833333 50,84.0833333 C50,84.0833333 79.9583333,84.0833333 87.5,82.0833333 C91.5444286,80.9548223 94.7048223,77.7944286 95.8333333,73.75 C97.2148875,66.1342926 97.8844432,58.4065038 97.8333333,50.6666667 C97.8896269,42.8990092 97.2200504,35.143081 95.8333333,27.5 Z M40.4166667,65 L40.4166667,36.2916667 L65.4166667,50.6666667 L40.4166667,65 Z"/> </g> </g></svg></div></a></li> <li class="linkedin"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/4867" class="block inherit-color-onhover" style="text-decoration:none;position:relative;height:48px;width:48px;" aria-label="LinkedIn"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="48px" height="48px" viewBox="0 0 110 110" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <circle cx="55" cy="55" r="50" stroke-width="6" stroke="currentColor"/></svg><div style="position:absolute;top:12px;left:13px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="23" height="23" viewBox="0 0 100 100" version="1.1" class="onhover-container" focusable="false"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g fill-rule="nonzero" fill="currentColor" class="linkedin inherit-fill-onhover"> <path d="M24.4043689,12.3014563 C24.4043689,19.0956311 18.9412621,24.6031553 12.2021845,24.6031553 C5.4631068,24.6031553 0,19.0956311 0,12.3014563 C-1.72461829e-15,5.50752427 5.4631068,0 12.2021845,0 C18.9415049,0 24.4043689,5.50752427 24.4043689,12.3014563 Z M22.618932,33.3332524 L1.98373786,33.3332524 L1.98373786,100 L22.618932,100 L22.618932,33.3332524 L22.618932,33.3332524 Z M55.6046117,33.3332524 L35.8131068,33.3332524 L35.8131068,100 L55.6046117,100 C55.6046117,100 55.6046117,75.2725728 55.6046117,65.0046117 C55.6046117,55.6298544 59.9199029,50.0495146 68.1791262,50.0495146 C75.7684466,50.0495146 79.4143204,55.4065534 79.4143204,65.0046117 C79.4143204,74.6029126 79.4143204,100 79.4143204,100 L99.9495146,100 C99.9495146,100 99.9495146,75.6446602 99.9495146,57.7876214 C99.9495146,39.9305825 89.8308252,31.2995146 75.6936893,31.2995146 C61.5565534,31.2995146 55.6043689,42.3114078 55.6043689,42.3114078 L55.6043689,33.3332524 L55.6046117,33.3332524 Z" class="linkedin-icon"/> </g> </g></svg></div></a></li> <li class="default instagram"><a href="https://instagram.com/harvardhbs" class="block inherit-color-onhover" style="text-decoration:none;position:relative;height:48px;width:48px;" aria-label="Instagram"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="48px" height="48px" viewBox="0 0 110 110" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <circle cx="55" cy="55" r="50" stroke-width="6" stroke="currentColor"/></svg><div style="position:absolute;top:11px;left:11px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="26" height="26" style="black-fill" viewBox="0 0 100 100" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M50,0 C36.4166667,0 34.7208333,0.0625 29.3875,0.3 C24.0625,0.55 20.4375,1.3875 17.25,2.625 C13.9625,3.9 11.1708333,5.6125 8.39166667,8.39166667 C5.6125,11.1708333 3.89583333,13.9583333 2.625,17.25 C1.3875,20.4375 0.545833333,24.0625 0.3,29.3875 C0.05,34.7208333 0,36.4166667 0,50 C0,63.5833333 0.0625,65.2791667 0.3,70.6125 C0.55,75.9333333 1.3875,79.5625 2.625,82.75 C3.9,86.0333333 5.6125,88.8291667 8.39166667,91.6083333 C11.1708333,94.3833333 13.9583333,96.1041667 17.25,97.375 C20.4416667,98.6083333 24.0666667,99.4541667 29.3875,99.7 C34.7208333,99.95 36.4166667,100 50,100 C63.5833333,100 65.2791667,99.9375 70.6125,99.7 C75.9333333,99.45 79.5625,98.6083333 82.75,97.375 C86.0333333,96.1 88.8291667,94.3833333 91.6083333,91.6083333 C94.3833333,88.8291667 96.1041667,86.0458333 97.375,82.75 C98.6083333,79.5625 99.4541667,75.9333333 99.7,70.6125 C99.95,65.2791667 100,63.5833333 100,50 C100,36.4166667 99.9375,34.7208333 99.7,29.3875 C99.45,24.0666667 98.6083333,20.4333333 97.375,17.25 C96.1,13.9625 94.3833333,11.1708333 91.6083333,8.39166667 C88.8291667,5.6125 86.0458333,3.89583333 82.75,2.625 C79.5625,1.3875 75.9333333,0.545833333 70.6125,0.3 C65.2791667,0.05 63.5833333,0 50,0 Z M50,9 C63.3458333,9 64.9375,9.06666667 70.2083333,9.29583333 C75.0833333,9.525 77.7291667,10.3333333 79.4875,11.025 C81.8291667,11.9291667 83.4875,13.0125 85.2458333,14.7583333 C86.9916667,16.5083333 88.075,18.1708333 88.9791667,20.5125 C89.6625,22.2708333 90.4791667,24.9166667 90.7,29.7916667 C90.9375,35.0666667 90.9916667,36.65 90.9916667,50 C90.9916667,63.35 90.9291667,64.9375 90.6833333,70.2083333 C90.4291667,75.0833333 89.6166667,77.7291667 88.9291667,79.4875 C87.9958333,81.8291667 86.9333333,83.4875 85.1833333,85.2458333 C83.4375,86.9916667 81.75,88.075 79.4333333,88.9791667 C77.6833333,89.6625 74.9958333,90.4791667 70.1208333,90.7 C64.8125,90.9375 63.25,90.9916667 49.875,90.9916667 C36.4958333,90.9916667 34.9333333,90.9291667 29.6291667,90.6833333 C24.75,90.4291667 22.0625,89.6166667 20.3125,88.9291667 C17.9416667,87.9958333 16.3125,86.9333333 14.5666667,85.1833333 C12.8125,83.4375 11.6916667,81.75 10.8166667,79.4333333 C10.1291667,77.6833333 9.32083333,74.9958333 9.06666667,70.1208333 C8.87916667,64.8708333 8.8125,63.25 8.8125,49.9375 C8.8125,36.6208333 8.87916667,34.9958333 9.06666667,29.6833333 C9.32083333,24.8083333 10.1291667,22.125 10.8166667,20.375 C11.6916667,18 12.8125,16.375 14.5666667,14.6208333 C16.3125,12.875 17.9416667,11.75 20.3125,10.8791667 C22.0625,10.1875 24.6916667,9.375 29.5666667,9.125 C34.8791667,8.9375 36.4416667,8.875 49.8125,8.875 L50,9 L50,9 Z M50,24.325 C35.8125,24.325 24.325,35.825 24.325,50 C24.325,64.1875 35.825,75.675 50,75.675 C64.1875,75.675 75.675,64.175 75.675,50 C75.675,35.8125 64.175,24.325 50,24.325 Z M50,66.6666667 C40.7916667,66.6666667 33.3333333,59.2083333 33.3333333,50 C33.3333333,40.7916667 40.7916667,33.3333333 50,33.3333333 C59.2083333,33.3333333 66.6666667,40.7916667 66.6666667,50 C66.6666667,59.2083333 59.2083333,66.6666667 50,66.6666667 Z M82.6916667,23.3125 C82.6916667,26.625 80,29.3125 76.6916667,29.3125 C73.3791667,29.3125 70.6916667,26.6208333 70.6916667,23.3125 C70.6916667,20.0041667 73.3833333,17.3166667 76.6916667,17.3166667 C79.9958333,17.3125 82.6916667,20.0041667 82.6916667,23.3125 Z"/></svg></div></a></li> <li class="default itunes"><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/cold-call/id1156646189" class="block inherit-color-onhover" style="text-decoration:none;position:relative;height:48px;width:48px;" aria-label="Itunes"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="48px" height="48px" viewBox="0 0 110 110" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <circle cx="55" cy="55" r="50" stroke-width="6" stroke="currentColor"/></svg><div style="position:absolute;top:10px;left:10px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="27" height="27" viewBox="0 0 170 170" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <path fill="currentColor" d="m150.37 130.25c-2.45 5.66-5.35 10.87-8.71 15.66-4.58 6.53-8.33 11.05-11.22 13.56-4.48 4.12-9.28 6.23-14.42 6.35-3.69 0-8.14-1.05-13.32-3.18-5.197-2.12-9.973-3.17-14.34-3.17-4.58 0-9.492 1.05-14.746 3.17-5.262 2.13-9.501 3.24-12.742 3.35-4.929 0.21-9.842-1.96-14.746-6.52-3.13-2.73-7.045-7.41-11.735-14.04-5.032-7.08-9.169-15.29-12.41-24.65-3.471-10.11-5.211-19.9-5.211-29.378 0-10.857 2.346-20.221 7.045-28.068 3.693-6.303 8.606-11.275 14.755-14.925s12.793-5.51 19.948-5.629c3.915 0 9.049 1.211 15.429 3.591 6.362 2.388 10.447 3.599 12.238 3.599 1.339 0 5.877-1.416 13.57-4.239 7.275-2.618 13.415-3.702 18.445-3.275 13.63 1.1 23.87 6.473 30.68 16.153-12.19 7.386-18.22 17.731-18.1 31.002 0.11 10.337 3.86 18.939 11.23 25.769 3.34 3.17 7.07 5.62 11.22 7.36-0.9 2.61-1.85 5.11-2.86 7.51zm-31.26-123.01c0 8.1021-2.96 15.667-8.86 22.669-7.12 8.324-15.732 13.134-25.071 12.375-0.119-0.972-0.188-1.995-0.188-3.07 0-7.778 3.386-16.102 9.399-22.908 3.002-3.446 6.82-6.3113 11.45-8.597 4.62-2.2516 8.99-3.4968 13.1-3.71 0.12 1.0831 0.17 2.1663 0.17 3.2409z"/></svg></div></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@harvardhbs?lang=en" class="block inherit-color-onhover" style="text-decoration:none;position:relative;height:48px;width:48px;" aria-label="TikTok"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="48px" height="48px" viewBox="0 0 110 110" version="1.1" focusable="false"> <circle cx="55" cy="55" r="50" stroke-width="6" stroke="currentColor"/></svg><div style="position:absolute;top:2px;left:3px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="43" height="43" version="1.1" id="tik_tok" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 96 96" xml:space="preserve"> <g id="TikTok" fill-rule="nonzero" fill="currentColor"> <g> <path d="M66.9,29.6c-3.3-2.2-5.8-5.7-6.5-9.7c-0.2-0.9-0.3-1.8-0.3-2.7H49.4l0,42.7c-0.2,4.8-4.1,8.6-8.9,8.6 c-1.5,0-2.9-0.4-4.2-1c-2.9-1.5-4.8-4.5-4.8-7.9c0-4.9,4-9,9-9c0.9,0,1.8,0.2,2.6,0.4v-8.4v-2.5c-0.9-0.1-1.7-0.2-2.6-0.2 c-10.8,0-19.6,8.8-19.6,19.6c0,6.6,3.3,12.5,8.4,16.1c3.2,2.2,7.1,3.6,11.2,3.6c10.8,0,19.6-8.8,19.6-19.6V37.9 c4.2,3,9.3,4.8,14.8,4.8v-8.3V32C72,32,69.2,31.1,66.9,29.6z"/> </g> </g> </svg></div></a></li> </ul> <ul class="social-grid new-grid inherit-color-on-hover"> <li class="default more white" style="box-sizing:border-box;height:30px;padding-top: 5px;padding-left: 1px;"> <div class="button-partial"><a href="https://community.alumni.harvard.edu/give/16040805?appealcode=BW004" class="button hbsred-bg white white-bg-onhover hbsred-onhover hbsred-onhover-border eta regular" style="border: 2px solid #A41034; border: 1px solid white; display:inline-block; padding: 3px 3px; text-decoration: none; min-width: 176px; box-sizing: border-box;text-align:center;">Make a Gift</a></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="shim17"></div> <div class="shim15 mobile-visible"></div> </div> <div class="universal-footer-copyright"> <div class="container tablet-container mobile-container nu"> <div class="shim12"></div> <div> <ul class="linear footer-links"> <li><a class="footer-sitemap" data-link-id="footer-sitemap" href="https://www.hbs.edu/siteindex/">Site Map</a></li> <li><a class="footer-employment" data-link-id="footer-employment" href="https://www.hbs.edu/employment/">Jobs</a></li> <li><a class="footer-harvard" data-link-id="footer-harvard" href="https://www.harvard.edu/">Harvard University</a></li> <li><a class="footer-trademarks" data-link-id="footer-trademarks" href="https://trademark.harvard.edu/pages/trademark-notice/">Trademarks</a></li> <li><a class="footer-policy" data-link-id="footer-policy" href="https://www.hbs.edu/about/campus-and-culture/policies/Pages/default.aspx">Policies</a></li> <li><a class="footer-accessibility-harvard" data-link-id="footer-accessibility-harvard" href="https://accessibility.harvard.edu/">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a class="footer-accessibility" data-link-id="footer-accessibility" href="https://accessibility.huit.harvard.edu/digital-accessibility-policy">Digital Accessibility</a></li> </ul> <div class="shim12"></div> <div class="copy-msg">Copyright <span aria-hidden="true">©</span> President & Fellows of Harvard College.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--Watchdog=Healthy--></footer> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://webassets.hbs.edu/libs/jquery/1.8.3/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://webassets.hbs.edu/libs/framework/1.0/js/framework.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://webassets.hbs.edu/libs/analytics/1.0/analytics-disabled.min.js"></script><script>window.assets = "https://webassets.hbs.edu"</script><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-N2NWNWX');</script><script>window.IgnoreAnalyticsOverlay = true</script><script src="/faculty/js/faculty.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script> jQuery(function($){ if (window.headerinit) return; window.headerinit = 1; function toggleSearch(){ var $el = $('.universal-banner-search-toggle'); var val = $('.universal-banner-search-input .universal-site-search-query').val(); if ($el.hasClass('toggled') && $.trim(val)) { $('.universal-banner-search-input .universal-site-search-button').click() return; } $el.toggleClass('toggled'); if ($el.hasClass('toggled')) { window.setTimeout(function(){ $('.universal-site-search-query').focus(); },300) } $('.universal-banner-search-input').toggleClass('open'); } $(document).on('click','.universal-banner-search-toggle',function(){ toggleSearch(this); return false; }) $(".universal-banner-search-toggle").on("click",function(){ toggleSearch(this); return false; }) $(".slider-container").on('close',function(){ $(".universal-banner-hamburger").removeClass('open'); $(".universal-banner-menu-toggle").removeClass('toggled'); $("body").removeClass('slider-is-open'); }) $(document).on("click",".universal-banner-menu-toggle",function(){ if ($(this).hasClass('toggled')) { $('.slider-close').eq(0).click(); $(".universal-banner-hamburger").removeClass('open'); $(".universal-banner-menu-toggle").removeClass('toggled'); $("body").removeClass('slider-is-open'); } else { $('.slider-open').eq(0).click(); $("body").addClass('slider-is-open'); $('.universal-banner-hamburger').addClass('open'); $(".universal-banner-menu-toggle").addClass('toggled'); } //window.scrollTo(0,0); return false; }) $(".skipto").on("click",function(){ console.log("skip to main content"); $($(this).attr('href')).get(0).focus(); }) }); $(document).on( 'framework.resize', function() { // wait .1 seconds because the classes needed to adjust the min/max height haven't been added at this point // TODO: this is a bit kludgey and should be revisited setTimeout( function() { if (window.stickyHeader) { stickyHeader.setMinHeight(); stickyHeader.setMaxHeight(); stickyHeader.triggerExpand(); if ($(".page-header").hasClass('page-header-online')) { stickyHeader.triggerDisappear(); } } }, 100 ); }); function StickyHeader(){ this.hasScrolled = false; this.lastScrollTop = -1; this.currentHeight = 0; this.isVisible = false; this.disabled = false; this.velocitySamples = []; this.debug = $("#sticky-header-debug"); this.buildHeader(); this.setMinHeight(); this.setMaxHeight(); } StickyHeader.prototype.temporarilyDisabled = function() { this.disabled = true; var self = this; window.setTimeout(function(){ self.disabled = false; },500); } /* determine if the header navigation should be displayed while the user is scrolling down */ StickyHeader.prototype.setMinHeight = function() { // if the screen width is within the mobile or tablet range, hide the navigation on scroll, otherwise, show it if ($(".page-header").hasClass('page-header-online') && $( '.ua-mobile, .ua-tablet' ).length) { this.minHeight = 40; } else if ($(".page-header").hasClass('page-header-online')) { this.minHeight = 90; } else if ($( '.ua-mobile, .ua-tablet' ).length) { this.minHeight = 0; } else { this.minHeight = 40 } } /* determine how big the header should be when the user starts to scroll up */ StickyHeader.prototype.setMaxHeight = function() { // clear out the current max height this.maxHeight = 0; // add up the heights of the cloned stiky header elements as the new max height $( '.sticky-header-cloned' ).each( function( index, element ) { this.maxHeight += $( element ).height(); }.bind( this ) ); // Override for HBS online if($(".page-header").hasClass('page-header-online')) { if ($( '.ua-mobile, .ua-tablet' ).length > 0) { this.maxHeight = 0; } else { this.maxHeight = 90; } } } StickyHeader.prototype.buildHeader = function() { var headerHeight = $(".page-header").height(); // Override for HBS online if($(".page-header").hasClass('page-header-online')) { headerHeight = 0; } this.appearsAt = $(".page-header").offset().top + headerHeight; this.sticky = $('<div id="sticky-header" style="height:0; top: -5px;"></div>'); this.stickyWrap = $('<div class="wrapper"></div>'); var container = $(".site-header").parents('.grid-framework'); $( '.universal-banner, .site-header' ).each( function( index, element ) { this.stickyWrap.append( $( element ).clone() ); $( element ).addClass( 'sticky-header-cloned' ); }.bind( this ) ); this.sticky.append(this.stickyWrap); $(".sticky-header-container").append(this.sticky); } StickyHeader.prototype.triggerDisappear = function(){ this.sticky.addClass('at-scroll-top'); this.isVisible = false; this.currentHeight = 0; this.sticky.css('height',this.currentHeight); $("body").removeClass("sticky-header-active"); $("body").removeClass('sticky-header-expanded'); } StickyHeader.prototype.triggerAppear = function(){ if ($("body").hasClass('slider-is-open')) return; this.isVisible = true; $("body").addClass("sticky-header-active"); } StickyHeader.prototype.triggerExpand = function(){ if (this.disabled) return; if ($("body").hasClass('slider-is-open')) return; if (this.currentHeight == this.maxHeight) return; this.sticky.css('height',this.maxHeight-1); this.currentHeight = this.maxHeight; $("body").addClass('sticky-header-expanded'); } StickyHeader.prototype.triggerShrink = function(){ if ($( '.ua-mobile, .ua-tablet' ).length == 0 || !$(".page-header").hasClass('page-header-online')) { this.sticky.removeClass('at-scroll-top'); } var self = this; window.requestAnimationFrame(function(){ var newHeight = 0; if (self.isVisible) { newHeight = self.minHeight; } if (self.currentHeight == newHeight) return; self.sticky.css('height',newHeight); self.currentHeight = newHeight; $("body").removeClass('sticky-header-expanded'); }) } StickyHeader.prototype.redraw = function() { // This is costly to performance but unavoidable //const pageY = window.scrollY; //This throws a syntax error in IE11. var pageY = window.pageYOffset; var scrollUp = pageY < this.lastScrollTop; var scrollDistance = pageY - this.lastScrollTop; this.velocitySamples.push(Math.abs(scrollDistance)); if (this.velocitySamples.length > 10) { this.velocitySamples.shift(); } var totalDistance = 0; for (var i = 0;i<this.velocitySamples.length;i++){ totalDistance += this.velocitySamples[i]; } var velocity = totalDistance / this.velocitySamples.length; var debugVars = {}; if (pageY != this.lastScrollTop) { debugVars.pageY = pageY; debugVars.minHeight = this.minHeight; debugVars.maxHeight = this.maxHeight; debugVars.appearsAt = this.appearsAt; debugVars.velocity = velocity; debugVars.disabled = this.disabled; var html = ''; $.each(debugVars,function(k,v){ html += '<div>' + k + ': '+v +'</div>'; }) this.debug.html(html); if (pageY >= this.appearsAt) { this.triggerAppear(); } if ($(".page-header").hasClass('page-header-online') && $('.table-of-contents-wrapper').length && $('.table-of-contents-wrapper.jump-to').length == 0){ var tocWrap = $('.table-of-contents-wrapper'); var toc = tocWrap.children('.table-of-contents'); var tocItems = toc.find('.toc-item'); var stickyHeight = this.maxHeight; if ((pageY + stickyHeight) > tocWrap.offset().top && !toc.hasClass('sticky')) { toc.addClass('sticky'); } else if ((pageY + stickyHeight) <= tocWrap.offset().top && toc.hasClass('sticky')) { toc.removeClass('sticky'); } if (toc.hasClass('sticky')) { tocItems.each(function( index ) { var section = $($(this).children("a.toc-jump").attr("href")); if (section.length) { var sectionTop = section.offset().top - 45; var pageHeight = pageY + stickyHeight + toc.height(); if ((pageHeight > sectionTop) && !$(this).hasClass('current')) { tocItems.removeClass('current'); $(this).addClass('current'); } else if ((pageHeight <= sectionTop) && $(this).hasClass('current')) { $(this).removeClass('current'); } } }); } } if (pageY <= 0) { this.triggerDisappear(); } else if (scrollUp) { console.log('scroll up'); if ($(".page-header").hasClass('page-header-online') && pageY < (this.appearsAt - this.maxHeight)) { this.triggerDisappear(); } else if (velocity > 5 || pageY < this.appearsAt) { this.triggerExpand(); } } else if (pageY > this.appearsAt) { // If HBS online and mobile hide the sticky header if ($(".page-header").hasClass('page-header-online') && $( '.ua-mobile, .ua-tablet' ).length > 0) { this.triggerDisappear(); } this.triggerShrink(); } this.lastScrollTop = pageY; } this.hasScrolled = false; }; var _domready = _domready || []; _domready.push(function(){ if (document.getElementById('wcm-react-root')) return; if (window.stickyHeaderDisabled) return; window.stickyHeader = new StickyHeader(); var _onScroll = function () { if (!window.stickyHeader.hasScrolled) { window.requestAnimationFrame(function(){ window.stickyHeader.redraw(); }); } window.stickyHeader.hasScrolled = true; window.requestAnimationFrame(_onScroll); }; _onScroll(); //without this, the header flickers on online window.setTimeout(function(){ _onScroll(); },250) $(document).on('delay-sticky-nav',function(){ window.stickyHeader.temporarilyDisabled(); }) // needed for facet pages http://www.hbs.edu/news/Pages/default.aspx $(document).on('click',".facetctrl-sticky.active",function(){ $(document).trigger('delay-sticky-nav'); }) $(document).on('click',".filter-sticky.fixed",function(){ $(document).trigger('delay-sticky-nav'); }) }); jQuery(function($){ $(document).bind('framework.domupdate', function () { Faculty.relatedPopout(); if($(".best-bet-by-risid").length > 0){ $(".did-you-mean").hide(); $(".facetctrl-no-results").hide(); $(".facetctrl-total").html("Page 1 of <b>1</b> Result"); } }); }); </script> </body> </html>