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Search results for: international organization for standardization (ISO)
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<input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6220</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: international organization for standardization (ISO)</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6190</span> Korea and Japan Economic Relations: An Analysis through the World Trade Organization Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20S.%20Dutra">Caroline S. Dutra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatiana%20C.%20Squeff"> Tatiana C. Squeff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that the history between South Korea and Japan influences their international relations; thus, also encompassing their economic relations. In this sense, it is impossible to analyze the latter without understanding the development of the former, which is known for episodes of hostility, like on Japanese colonization, but also had moments of cultural and trade interexchange. Indeed, since 1965, with the establishment of diplomatic relations between both countries, their trade relations have improved, especially after both nations have signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Thereafter, with the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, another chapter of their diplomatic and economic relations have been inaugurated. Hence, bearing in mind this history between both nations, this research intends to examine their relations through the analysis of the WTO panels they have engaged in between each other, which are, in chronological order, “DS323: Japan – Import Quotas on Dried Laver and Seasoned Laver”, “DS336: Japan - Countervailing Duties on Dynamic Random Access Memories from Korea”, “DS495: Korea - Import Band, and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides”, “DS553: Korea - Sunset Review of Anti-Dumping Duties on Stainless Steel Bars” and “DS571: Korea - Measures Affecting Trade in Commercial Vessels”. The objective of this case analysis is to point out what are the areas that are more conflictual between Japan and South Korea in regard to their economic relations so that it is possible to assert on their future (economic) relations and other possible outcomes. And in order to do so, bibliographic and documental research will be made, particularly those involving the WTO and the nations under consideration. Regarding the methods used, it is important to highlight that this is applied research in the field of international economic relations and international law, which follows a hypothetic-deductive model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20economic%20relations" title="international economic relations">international economic relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japan" title=" Japan"> Japan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Korea" title=" South Korea"> South Korea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=World%20Trade%20Organization" title=" World Trade Organization"> World Trade Organization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114799/korea-and-japan-economic-relations-an-analysis-through-the-world-trade-organization-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6189</span> International Law and Domestic Legal Systems: Incorporation, Transformation, and Persuasion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Vahidkia">Hamid Vahidkia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article explores advancements in global law and how they interact with domestic legal systems. The article's introduction highlights that nations that gained independence from authoritarian governments tend to be more open to international law. A nation can choose to follow either a monist strategy regarding international law, viewing it as an integral part of its own legal system, or opt for a dualist approach, where it keeps its domestic law distinct from international law. The beginning goes on to recognize the origins of international law, such as treaties and countries' ways of following them, customary international law, and declarations. The introduction ends by acknowledging the growing significance and development of international law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title="international law">international law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customary%20law" title=" customary law"> customary law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treaties" title=" treaties"> treaties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20right" title=" human right"> human right</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191739/international-law-and-domestic-legal-systems-incorporation-transformation-and-persuasion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6188</span> Development of Regional Cooperation to Sustainable Implementation of Customary Refugee Solutions in International Arena</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Reduanul%20Haque">Md. Reduanul Haque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent time, more and more refugees are emerging in the international arena than the times ever that has come into the notice of world scholars. The prevailing customary solutions such as voluntary repatriation, local integration, and resettlement of refugee problem have been reflected unsustainable one for the lack of regional cooperation. In the international arena, the protraction of refugee problems is seen, and refugees are suffering due to the outrageous process of customary refugee solutions. If the regional cooperation can be developed, then the suffering of the refugees can be mitigated by the contribution of neighboring country and international and regional organizations. Data collected from the various secondary sources have been used throughout the research. It has been discussing in the refugee academia for a long time to develop regional cooperation mechanisms to ensure the sustainability of this solution and to make the environment of the country of origin for suitable voluntary repatriation as well as a durable solution. It is mainly qualitative research based on primary and secondary data will be studied on library-based project. Data collected by such methodology on this study indicates to make a bridge between the gaps of the cooperation mechanism and to make a more regional approach to share the burden and to strengthen the customary refugee solution. Hence, the importance of questing for a regional mechanism is to ensure the responsible countries to be more responsible towards refugees, their human rights, and durable solution under the mandate of the UNHCR. To implement effectively all the customary durable solutions, country to country or regional organization to organization based regional cooperation can be developed where the countries and regional organizations will work together to draw a sustainable solution to this problem in international context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refugee" title="refugee">refugee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20cooperation" title=" regional cooperation"> regional cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20implementation" title=" sustainable implementation"> sustainable implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customary%20solutions" title=" customary solutions"> customary solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20arena" title=" international arena"> international arena</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108181/development-of-regional-cooperation-to-sustainable-implementation-of-customary-refugee-solutions-in-international-arena" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6187</span> International Trade, Food Security, and Climate Change in an Era of Liberal Trade</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Barsa">M. Barsa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper argues that current liberal trade regimes have had the unfortunate effect of concentrating food production by area and by crop. While such hyper-specialization and standardization might be efficient under ordinary climate conditions, the increasing severity of climate shocks makes such a food production system especially vulnerable. Examining domestic US crop production, and the fact that similar patterns are evident worldwide, this paper explores the vulnerabilities of several major crops and suggests that the academic arguments surrounding increasing liberalization of trade are ill-suited to the climate challenges to come. Indeed, a case can be made that protectionist measures—especially by developing countries whose agricultural sectors are vulnerable to the cheap US and European exports—are increasingly necessary to scatter food production geographically and to retain a resilient diversity of crop varieties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20resilience" title=" crop resilience"> crop resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20trade" title=" international trade"> international trade</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115434/international-trade-food-security-and-climate-change-in-an-era-of-liberal-trade" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6186</span> Patterns and Effects of International Trade in Technology: Firm-Level Evidence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heeyong%20Noh">Heeyong Noh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seongryong%20Kang"> Seongryong Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungjoo%20Lee"> Sungjoo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, firms have tried to explore market opportunities not only in the domestic market but also abroad. In particular, transactions of intangible assets in the global market now take on great importance. Accordingly, technology transfer activities such as patent licensing, copyright transfer, or workforce trainings which are considered significant to leverage an organization’s internal capabilities, are occurring more frequently and briskly across the world than ever before. Though a number of studies have addressed the issues regarding technology transfer, most of them have focused on university-industry technology transfer. Of course, some have investigated international technology transfer phenomenon but used patent citations data as a proxy. In order to understand the phenomena more clearly, it would be necessary to collect and analyze data that can measure technology transfer activities between firms more directly. Therefore, this study aims to examine the patterns of international trade in technology by employing data about international technology in-licensing activities in Korean firms. We also investigate the effect of international technology in-licensing strategy on a firm’s innovation performance. The research findings are expected to help R&D managers understand how firms have absorbed technological knowledge from foreign firms in the form of licensing and further develop effective international collaboration strategies. In addition, significant implications can be offered for political decision-making regarding technology trade within increasing international interconnections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20technology%20trade" title="international technology trade">international technology trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20trade%20effect" title=" technology trade effect"> technology trade effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20transfer" title=" technology transfer"> technology transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R%26D%20managers" title=" R&D managers"> R&D managers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29039/patterns-and-effects-of-international-trade-in-technology-firm-level-evidence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6185</span> The Plan for the Establishment of the Talent Organization of the United Nations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Kian">Hassan Kian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The future of millions of people and consequently, the future of societies and humanity is threatened by a great threat which is called wasted human resources. Perhaps Pasteur, Beethoven and Avicenna, Lavoisier and Einstein and millions of genius individuals and thinkers may have never been discovered and could not found a chance of being known due to various reasons such as poverty or social status, and other problems. So without being able to serve humanity, their talents are fully wasted. While, if a global mechanism exists to discover their talents in different countries and provide to them the right direction, during less than a generation, human society will face to a profound transformation and sustainable social justice will be formed as the basis of sustainable development of human resources. Therefore, the situation of the institution which organizes the affair of discovering and guiding talents was vacant at the level of the international community and its necessity has been felt. So in this plan, the establishment and development of such an organization have been suggested in the international context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=talent%20identification" title="talent identification">talent identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20advantage" title=" comparative advantage"> comparative advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20justice" title=" sustainable justice"> sustainable justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55257/the-plan-for-the-establishment-of-the-talent-organization-of-the-united-nations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6184</span> Organization’s Ethics, Job Performance Satisfaction and Effects on Employees’ Engagement and Commitment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anunya%20Thanasrisuebwong">Anunya Thanasrisuebwong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper aimed to find out how was the ethical climate in an organization and job performance satisfaction of employees affected employees’ engagement and commitment by using the case study of PTT Exploration and Production Public Company Limited, Thailand. The population of this research was 4,383 Thai employees of PTTEP, Thailand. From a total of 420 questionnaires sent out, 345 respondents replied. The statistics utilized was mean score and Multiple Regression Analysis. The findings revealed that the respondents had opinion towards ethical climate of their organization, job performance satisfaction and organization engagement and commitment at a high level. The test of hypothesis disclosed the determinant attributes of job performance satisfaction that affected the respondents’ overall level of organization engagement and commitment. The set of these determinant attributes consisted of employees’ responsibilities for duties, organization’s policies and practice, relationship with organization’s commanders, work security and stability, job description, career path and relationship with colleagues. These variables were able to predict the employees’ organization engagement and commitment at 50.6 percent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethical%20climate%20in%20organization" title="ethical climate in organization">ethical climate in organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20performance%20satisfaction" title=" job performance satisfaction"> job performance satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organization%20engagement" title=" organization engagement"> organization engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commitment" title=" commitment"> commitment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8134/organizations-ethics-job-performance-satisfaction-and-effects-on-employees-engagement-and-commitment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6183</span> A Case for Ethics Practice under the Revised ISO 14001:2015</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reuben%20Govender">Reuben Govender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20L.%20Woermann"> M. L. Woermann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ISO 14001 management system standard was first published in 1996. It is a voluntary standard adopted by both private and public sector organizations globally. Adoption of the ISO 14001 standard at the corporate level is done to help manage business impacts on the environment e.g. pollution control. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) revised the standard in 2004 and recently in 2015. The current revision of the standard appears to adopt a communitarian-type philosophy. The inclusion of requirements to consider external 'interested party' needs and expectations implies this philosophy. Therefore, at operational level businesses implementing ISO 14001 will have to consider needs and expectations beyond local laws. Should these external needs and expectations be included in the scope of the environmental management system, they become requirements to be complied with in much the same way as compliance to laws. The authors assert that the recent changes to ISO 14001 introduce an ethical dimension to the standard. The authors assert that business ethics as a discipline now finds relevance in ISO 14001 via contemporary stakeholder theory and discourse ethics. Finally, the authors postulate implications of (not) addressing these requirements before July 2018 when transition to the revised standard must be complete globally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20ethics" title="business ethics">business ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20ethics" title=" environmental ethics"> environmental ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics%20practice" title=" ethics practice"> ethics practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2014001%3A2015" title=" ISO 14001:2015"> ISO 14001:2015</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66618/a-case-for-ethics-practice-under-the-revised-iso-140012015" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6182</span> Youth and International Environmental Voluntary Initiatives: A Case Study of IGreen Project by AIESEC in Bandung</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoel%20Agustheo%20Rinding">Yoel Agustheo Rinding</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globalization has made physical borders between countries become more obscure. Due to the free flow of information between countries, issue for instance, environment has become global concern. The concern has grown as the result of endless campaign made by most of the non-governmental organizations (NGOs). By means of this situation, international voluntary initiatives on environmental issues have appeared to be popular among world’s society today especially for youth. AIESEC as international non-governmental organization (INGO) through IGreen Project has initiated environmental international voluntary initiatives concerning in environmental awareness of Bandung’s citizen. Bandung itself is still struggling on solving flood as one of its major problems regardless the fact that Bandung is one of the most developed cities in Indonesia. This paper would like to discuss on how globalization affects AIESEC as an INGO in order to spread its influence and also on how it could build international voluntary initiatives networks. Afterwards, author would like to elaborate how both AIESEC and youth perceive the importance of international voluntary initiatives by using cosmopolitanism approach. In order to get a deep understanding of how this activity works, this paper also would like to explain regarding the management, expected outcomes, and the real impacts of IGreen project towards Bandung. In the end of this paper, author would like to propose solutions on how to utilize international voluntary initiatives as a solution for environmental issues nowadays. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AIESEC" title="AIESEC">AIESEC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmopolitanism" title=" cosmopolitanism"> cosmopolitanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20issues" title=" environmental issues"> environmental issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IGreen%20project" title=" IGreen project"> IGreen project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20environmental%20voluntary%20initiatives" title=" international environmental voluntary initiatives"> international environmental voluntary initiatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=INGO" title=" INGO"> INGO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth" title=" youth"> youth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72861/youth-and-international-environmental-voluntary-initiatives-a-case-study-of-igreen-project-by-aiesec-in-bandung" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6181</span> Evaluation of Persian Medical Terms Compatibility with International Naming Criteria Based on the Applied Translation Procedures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Zeinali">Ali Akbar Zeinali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lack of appropriate equivalences for the terms or technical words is the result of ineffective translation guidelines adopted in the translation processes. The increasing number of foreign words and specific terms incorporated into the native language are due to the ongoing development of technology and science. Many problems appear in medical translation when the Persian translators try to employ non-Persian or imported words in medical texts, in which multiple equivalents may be created for one particular word based on the individual preferences of authors and translators in the target language due to lack of standardization. The study attempted to discuss the findings based on the compatibility of the international naming criteria, considering the translation procedures. About 67% of 339 equivalents under this study were grouped as incompatible words while about 33% of them were compatible terms. The similarities and differences were investigated and discussed according to the compatibility status of the equivalents with Sager’s criteria. Such equivalents have been classified into several groups through bi-dimensional descriptions that were different features of translation procedures related to the international naming criteria. In review of the frequency distribution of compatibilities, the equivalents were divided into two categories of compatibles and incompatibles, indicating the effectiveness of the applied translation procedures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistics" title="linguistics">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20translation" title=" medical translation"> medical translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naming" title=" naming"> naming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terminology" title=" terminology"> terminology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104743/evaluation-of-persian-medical-terms-compatibility-with-international-naming-criteria-based-on-the-applied-translation-procedures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6180</span> To Be a Nurse in Turkey: A Comparison Based on International Labour Organization's Nursing Personnel Recommendation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arzu%20K.%20Harmanci%20Seren">Arzu K. Harmanci Seren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feride%20Eskin%20Bacaksiz"> Feride Eskin Bacaksiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The shortage of nursing personnel is considered one of the most important labour force issues in health sector of developed countries since early 1970s. International Labour Organization developed standards for working conditions of nurses in collaboration with World Health Organization with the aim of helping to solve nursing shortage problem all over the world. As a result of this collaboration, ILO Nursing Personnel Convention (C. 149), and the accompanying Recommendation (R. 157) were adopted in 1977. Turkey as a country that has a serious nurse shortage problem, has been a member of ILO since 1932, and has not signed this convention yet. This study was planned to compare some of the working standards in Convention with the present working conditions of nurses in Turkey. The data were collected by an on line survey between 19 January-16 February 2015 for this cross-sectional study. Participants were reached through social network accounts in collaboration with nursing associations. Totally 828 nurses from the 57 provinces of Turkey participated in the study. Survey was consisted of 14 open ended questions related to working conditions of nurses and 34 Likert statements related to nursing policies of the facilities they are working in. The data were analysed using the IBM SPSS 21.0 (licensed to Istanbul University) software. Descriptive and comparative statistics were performed. Most of the participants (81.5%) were staff and 18.5% of them were manager nurses. Most of them had baccalaureate (57.9%) or master (27.4%) degree in nursing. 18.5% of the participants were working in private hospitals, 34.9% of them in university hospitals and 46.6% of them were in Ministry of Health Hospitals. It was found that monthly working schedules were announced mostly 7 days ago (18%), working time of nurses was at least 8 hours (41.5%) and at most 24 hours (22.8%) in a day and had time for lunch or dinner 25.18 (SD=16.66), for resting 21.02 (SD=29.25) minutes. On the other hand, it was determined that 316 (43.2%) nurses did not have time for lunch and 61 (7.9%) of them could not find time for eating anything. It was also explored they were working 15-96 hours in a week (mean=48.28, SD=8.89 hours), 4-29 days in a month (mean=19.29, SD=5.03 days) and 597 (72%) nurses overworked changing form 1 hour to 150 hours (32.80, SD=23.42 hours) before the month in which surveys were filled. Most of the participants did not leave the job due to the sickness (47.5%) even if they felt sick. Also most of them did not leave the job due to any excuse (67.2%) or education (57.3%). This study has significance because of nurses from different provinces participated in and it provides brief information about the working conditions of nurses nationwide. It was explored that nurses in Turkey were working at worse conditions according the International Labour Organization’s recommendations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nurse" title="nurse">nurse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20labour%20organization" title=" international labour organization"> international labour organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recommendations%20for%20nurses" title=" recommendations for nurses"> recommendations for nurses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20conditions" title=" working conditions"> working conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50455/to-be-a-nurse-in-turkey-a-comparison-based-on-international-labour-organizations-nursing-personnel-recommendation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6179</span> The Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Communication and Information Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameh%20Ibrahim%20Ghali%20Hanna">Sameh Ibrahim Ghali Hanna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Information system (IS) are fairly crucial in the operation of private and public establishments in growing and developed international locations. Growing countries are saddled with many project failures throughout the implementation of records systems. However, successful information systems are greatly wished for in developing nations in an effort to decorate their economies. This paper is extraordinarily critical in view of the high failure fee of data structures in growing nations, which desire to be decreased to minimal proper levels by means of advocated interventions. This paper centers on a review of IS development in developing international locations. The paper gives evidence of the IS successes and screw-ups in developing nations and posits a version to deal with the IS failures. The proposed model can then be utilized by means of growing nations to lessen their IS mission implementation failure fee. A contrast is drawn between IS improvement in growing international locations and evolved international locations. The paper affords valuable records to assist in decreasing IS failure, and growing IS models and theories on IS development for developing countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20information%20systems%20%28RIS%29" title="research information systems (RIS)">research information systems (RIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20information" title=" research information"> research information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20sources" title=" heterogeneous sources"> heterogeneous sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20quality" title=" data quality"> data quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20cleansing" title=" data cleansing"> data cleansing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20system" title=" science system"> science system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standardization%20artificial%20intelligence" title=" standardization artificial intelligence"> standardization artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI" title=" AI"> AI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20information%20system" title=" enterprise information system"> enterprise information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EIS" title=" EIS"> EIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration%20developing%20countries" title=" integration developing countries"> integration developing countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20systems" title=" information systems"> information systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IS%20development" title=" IS development"> IS development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20systems%20failure" title=" information systems failure"> information systems failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20systems%20success" title=" information systems success"> information systems success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20systems%20success%20model" title=" information systems success model"> information systems success model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189349/the-effect-of-artificial-intelligence-on-communication-and-information-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">31</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6178</span> Scenarios of Societal Security and Business Continuity Cycles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD%20F.%20Urb%C3%A1nek">Jiří F. Urbánek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD%20Barta"> Jiří Barta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Societal security, continuity scenarios, and methodological cycling approach understands in this article. Namely, societal security organizational challenges ask implementation of international standards BS 25999-2 and global ISO 22300 which is a family of standards for business continuity management system. Efficient global organization system is distinguished of high entity´s complexity, connectivity, and interoperability, having not only cooperative relations in a fact. Competing business have numerous participating ´enemies´, which are in apparent or hidden opponent and antagonistic roles with prosperous organization systems, resulting to a crisis scene or even to a battle theater. Organization business continuity scenarios are necessary for such ´a play´ preparedness, planning, management, and overmastering in real environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20continuity" title="business continuity">business continuity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=societal%20security" title=" societal security"> societal security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis%20scenarios%20cycles" title=" crisis scenarios cycles"> crisis scenarios cycles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interoperability" title=" interoperability"> interoperability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2192/scenarios-of-societal-security-and-business-continuity-cycles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6177</span> Basic Examination of Easily Distinguishable Tactile Symbols Attached to Containers and Packaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Nishimura">T. Nishimura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Doi"> K. Doi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Fujimoto"> H. Fujimoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Hoshikawa"> Y. Hoshikawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Wada"> T. Wada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Japan, it is expected that reasonable accommodation for persons with disabilities will progress further. In particular, there is an urgent need to enhance information support for visually impaired persons who have difficulty accessing information. Recently, tactile symbols have been attached to various surfaces, such as the content labels of containers and packaging of various everyday products. The advantage of tactile symbols is that they are useful for visually impaired persons who cannot read Braille. The method of displaying tactile symbols is prescribed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). However, the quantitative data on the shapes and dimensions of tactile symbols is insufficient. In this study, through an evaluation experiments, we examine the easy-to-distinguish shapes and dimensions of tactile symbols used for various applications, including the content labels on containers and packaging. Visually impaired persons participated in the experiments. They used tactile symbols on a daily basis. The details and processes of the experiments were orally explained to the participants prior to the experiments, and the informed consent of the participants was obtained. They were instructed to touch the test pieces of tactile symbols freely with both hands. These tactile symbols were selected because they were likely to be easily distinguishable symbols on the content labels of top surfaces of containers and packaging based on a hearing survey that involved employees of an organization of visually impaired and a social welfare corporation, as well as academic experts of support technology for visually impaired. The participants then answered questions related to ease of distinguishing of tactile symbols on a scale of 5 (where 1 corresponded to ‘difficult to distinguish’ and 5 corresponded to ‘easy to distinguish’). Hearing surveys were also performed in an oral free answer manner with the participants after the experiments. This study revealed the shapes and dimensions regarding easily distinguishable tactile symbols attached to containers and packaging. We expect that this knowledge contributes to improvement of the quality of life of visually impaired persons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20impairment" title="visual impairment">visual impairment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessible%20design" title=" accessible design"> accessible design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tactile%20symbol" title=" tactile symbol"> tactile symbol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=containers%20and%20packaging" title=" containers and packaging"> containers and packaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74619/basic-examination-of-easily-distinguishable-tactile-symbols-attached-to-containers-and-packaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6176</span> Demystifying the Legitimacy of the International Court of Justice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger-Claude%20Liwanga">Roger-Claude Liwanga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last seven decades, there has been a proliferation of international tribunals. Yet, they have not received unanimous approval, raising a question about their legitimacy. A legitimate international tribunal is one whose authority to adjudicate international disputes is perceived as justified. Using the case study of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), this article highlights the three criteria that should be considered in assessing the legitimacy of an international tribunal, which include legal, sociological, and moral elements. It also contends that the ICJ cannot claim 'full' legitimacy if any of these components of legitimacy is missing in its decisions. The article further suggests that the legitimacy of the ICJ has a dynamic nature, as litigating parties may constantly change their perception of the court’s authority at any time before, during, or after the judicial process. The article equally describes other factors that can contribute to maintaining the international court’s legitimacy, including fairness and unbiasedness, sound interpretation of international legal norms, and transparency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20tribunals" title="international tribunals">international tribunals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legitimacy" title=" legitimacy"> legitimacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title=" international law"> international law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128691/demystifying-the-legitimacy-of-the-international-court-of-justice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6175</span> The Enhancement of International Law: Shifting from Fragmentation to Regime Interaction and Politicization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Nimehforushan">Maryam Nimehforushan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recent stance of international courts and tribunals embodies the ‘spirit of systemic harmonization,’ as articulated by the European Court of Human Rights Grand Chamber in Al-Dulimi. Fifteen years have passed since Gilbert Guillaume, former President of the International Court of Justice, delivered his ‘proliferation’ speech to the UN General Assembly, and ten years since the International Law Commission released its ‘fragmentation’ report, making it time to put the f-word to rest. In line with this, this article focuses on the beneficial impact of the innovative methods that courts, tribunals, and other entities have created to align the different subfields of international law. If these are coupled with an appropriate politicization of international law and governance, they can enhance both the efficacy and the legitimacy of international law. Interestingly, the current ‘harmonization’ and ‘integration’ in international law might also be viewed as a type of procedural constitutionalization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international" title="international">international</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title=" law"> law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politic" title=" politic"> politic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regime" title=" regime"> regime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/196948/the-enhancement-of-international-law-shifting-from-fragmentation-to-regime-interaction-and-politicization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/196948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6174</span> Global Legislation on Contagious Illnesses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Vahidkia">Hamid Vahidkia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The International Health Regulations (IHR), the sole worldwide regulations for managing infectious diseases, have remained largely unchanged since their initial release in 1951. The WHO is currently involved in updating the IHR. This article evaluates WHO's updated IHR draft and suggests enhancements to enhance global health, such as a strong focus on the organization's fundamental public health goals, activities, and crucial services; wide-reaching coverage for various health risks; establishing global monitoring through official and unofficial data networks; setting benchmarks for national public health systems, evaluating results, and ensuring accountability from countries; safeguarding human rights by implementing evidence-based guidelines and just processes; and promoting good governance by embracing fairness, impartiality, and openness. The World Health Organization needs to guarantee that countries follow health regulations and provide ample economic and technical support to less privileged nations. A crucial concern for the global community is how independent nations can collaborate to ensure that global health benefits all individuals, regardless of their economic status. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IHR" title="IHR">IHR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title=" law"> law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international" title=" international"> international</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WHO" title=" WHO"> WHO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193183/global-legislation-on-contagious-illnesses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6173</span> Ontology as Knowledge Capture Tool in Organizations: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Margaretha">Maria Margaretha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dana%20Indra%20Sensuse"> Dana Indra Sensuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukman"> Lukman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge capture is a step in knowledge life cycle to get knowledge in the organization. Tacit and explicit knowledge are needed to organize in a path, so the organization will be easy to choose which knowledge will be use. There are many challenges to capture knowledge in the organization, such as researcher must know which knowledge has been validated by an expert, how to get tacit knowledge from experts and make it explicit knowledge, and so on. Besides that, the technology will be a reliable tool to help the researcher to capture knowledge. Some paper wrote how ontology in knowledge management can be used for proposed framework to capture and reuse knowledge. Organization has to manage their knowledge, process capture and share will decide their position in the business area. This paper will describe further from literature review about the tool of ontology that will help the organization to capture its knowledge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20capture" title="knowledge capture">knowledge capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology" title=" ontology"> ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organization" title=" organization"> organization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20921/ontology-as-knowledge-capture-tool-in-organizations-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">612</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6172</span> Community Base Peacebuilding in Fragile Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nizar%20Ahmad">Nizar Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Peace without community participation will remain a vision, so, this study presents the contribution and efforts made by community base organization in views of local conflict affect population in Pakhtun society. A four conflict affected villages of Malakad Division were selected and a sample size of 278 household respondents were determined through online survey system software out of total 982 households. A Chi-square test was applied to ascertain association between various communication base organizations factors with state of peace in the area. It was found that provision of humanitarian aid, rehabilitation of displaced population, rebuilding of trust in government and peace festivals by communication organization had significant association with state of peace in the area. In contrast provision of training, peace education monitoring and reporting of human rights violation in war zone by local organization was non-significantly related to the state of peace in the area. Community base organization play an active role in building peace in the area but lack capacity, linkages with external actors and outside support. National and international organization actors working in the area of peace and conflict resolution need to focus on the capacity, networking and peace initiatives of local organizations working in fragile context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20base%20peacebuilding" title="community base peacebuilding">community base peacebuilding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict%20resolution" title=" conflict resolution"> conflict resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title=" terrorism"> terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence "> violence </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42168/community-base-peacebuilding-in-fragile-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6171</span> A Qualitative Study of a Workplace International Employee Health Program</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennifer%20Bradley">Jennifer Bradley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With opportunities to live and work abroad on the rise, effective preparation and support for international employees needs to be addressed within the work-site. International employees must build new habits, routines and social networks in an unfamiliar culture. Culture shock typically occurs within the first year and can affect both physical and psychological health. Employers have the opportunity to support staff through the adaptation process and foster healthy habits and routines. Cross-cultural training that includes a combination of instructional teaching, cultural experiences, and practice, is shown to increase the international employee adaptation process. However, little evidence demonstrates that organizations provide all of these aspects for international employees. The occupational therapy practitioner (OTP) offers a unique perspective focusing on the employee transactional relationship and engagement of meaningful occupations to enhance and enable participation in roles, habits and routines within new cultural contexts. This paper examines one such program developed and implemented by an OTP at the New England Center for Children, in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The effectiveness of the program was assessed via participant feedback and concluded that an international employee support program that focuses on a variety of meaningful experiences and knowledge can empower employees to navigate healthy practices, develop habits and routines, and foster positive inter-cultural relationships in the organization and community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20therapy%20practitioner" title="occupational therapy practitioner">occupational therapy practitioner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20cultural%20training" title=" cross cultural training"> cross cultural training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20employee%20health" title=" international employee health"> international employee health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20employee%20support" title=" international employee support"> international employee support</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96529/a-qualitative-study-of-a-workplace-international-employee-health-program" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6170</span> The Notion of International Criminal Law: Between Criminal Aspects of International Law and International Aspects of Criminal Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magda%20Olesiuk-Okomska">Magda Olesiuk-Okomska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although international criminal law has grown significantly in the last decades, it still remains fragmented and lacks doctrinal cohesiveness. Its concept is described in the doctrine as highly disputable. There is no concrete definition of the term. In the domestic doctrine, the problem of criminal law issues that arise in the international setting, and international issues that arise within the national criminal law, is underdeveloped both theoretically and practically. To the best of author’s knowledge, there are no studies describing international aspects of criminal law in a comprehensive manner, taking a more expansive view of the subject. This paper presents results of a part of the doctoral research, undertaking a theoretical framework of the international criminal law. It aims at sorting out the existing terminology on international aspects of criminal law. It demonstrates differences between the notions of international criminal law, criminal law international and law international criminal. It confronts the notion of criminal law with related disciplines and shows their interplay. It specifies the scope of international criminal law. It diagnoses the current legal framework of international aspects of criminal law, referring to both criminal law issues that arise in the international setting, and international issues that arise in the context of national criminal law. Finally, de lege lata postulates were formulated and direction of changes in international criminal law was proposed. The adopted research hypothesis assumed that the notion of international criminal law was inconsistent, not understood uniformly, and there was no conformity as to its place within the system of law, objective and subjective scopes, while the domestic doctrine did not correspond with international standards and differed from the worldwide doctrine. Implemented research methods included inter alia a dogmatic and legal method, an analytical method, a comparative method, as well as desk research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal%20law" title="criminal law">criminal law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20crimes" title=" international crimes"> international crimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20criminal%20law" title=" international criminal law"> international criminal law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title=" international law"> international law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80091/the-notion-of-international-criminal-law-between-criminal-aspects-of-international-law-and-international-aspects-of-criminal-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6169</span> Innovative Entrepreneurship in Tourism Business: An International Comparative Study of Key Drivers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Gamil%20Montasser">Mohammed Gamil Montasser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelo%20Battaglia"> Angelo Battaglia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entrepreneurship is mostly related to the beginning of organization. In growing business organizations, entrepreneurship expands its conceptualization. It reveals itself through new business creation in the active organization, through <em>renewal, change, innovation, creation and development</em> of current organization, through breaking and changing of established rules inside or outside the organization and becomes more flexible, adaptive and competitive, also improving effectiveness of organization activity. Therefore, the topic of entrepreneurship, relates the creation of firms to personal / individual characteristics of the entrepreneurs and their social context. This paper is an empirical study, which aims to address these two gaps in the literature. For this endeavor, we use the latest available data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project. This data set is widely regarded as a unique source of information about entrepreneurial activity, as well as the aspirations and attitudes of individuals across a wide number of countries and territories worldwide. This paper tries to contribute to fill this gap, by exploring the key drivers of innovative entrepreneurship in the tourism sector. Our findings are consistent with the existing literature in terms of the individual characteristics of entrepreneurs, but quite surprisingly we find an inverted U-shape relation between human development and innovative entrepreneurship in tourism sector. It has been revealed that tourism entrepreneurs are less likely to have innovative products, compared with entrepreneurs in medium developed countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GEM" title="GEM">GEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20development" title=" human development"> human development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative%20entrepreneurship" title=" innovative entrepreneurship"> innovative entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20choice" title=" occupational choice"> occupational choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49750/innovative-entrepreneurship-in-tourism-business-an-international-comparative-study-of-key-drivers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6168</span> The Effects of Organizational Apologies for Some Members’ Annoying Behavior on Other Members’ Appraisal of Their Organization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chikae%20Isobe">Chikae Isobe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshihiko%20Souma"> Toshihiko Souma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshiya%20Furukawa"> Yoshiya Furukawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Japan, an organization is sometimes asked for responsibility and apology toward the organization for the annoying behavior of employees, even though the behavior is not relevant to the organization. Our studies have repeatedly shown that it is important for organizational evaluation to organization propose compensatory behavior for such annoying behavior, even though the behavior is not relevant to the organization. In this study, it was examined how such an organizational response (apology) was likely to evaluate by members of the organization who were not related to the annoying behavior. Three independent variables were manipulated that is organization emotion (guilt and shame), compensation (proposal or not), and the relation between organization and the annoying behavior (relate or not). And the effects of organizational identity (high and low) were also examined. We conducted an online survey for 240 participants through a crowdsourcing company. Participants were asked to imagine a situation in which an incident in which some people in your company did not return an important document that they borrowed privately (vs. at work) became the topic of discussion, and the company responded. For the analysis,189 data (111 males and 78 females, mean age = 40.6) were selected. The results of ANOVA of 2 by2 on organizational appraisal, perceived organizational responsibility, and so on were conducted. Organization appraisal by members was also higher when the organization proposed compensatory behavior. In addition, when the annoying behavior was related to their work (than no related), for those who were high in organization identity (than low), organization appraisal was high. The interaction between relatedness and organizational identity was significant. Differences in relatedness between the organization and annoying behavior were significant in those with low organizational identity but not in those with high organizational identity. When the organization stated not taking compensatory action, members were more likely to perceive the organization as responsible for the annoying behavior. However, the interaction results indicated this tendency was limited to when the annoying behavior was not related to the organization. Furthermore, it tended to be perceived as responsible for the organization when the organization made a statement that felt shame for the annoying behavior not related to the organization and would compensate for the annoying behavior. These results indicate that even members of the organization do not consider the organization's compensatory actions to be unjustified. In addition, because those with high organizational identity perceived the organization to be responsible when it showed strong remorse (shame and compensation), they would be a tendency to make judgments that are consistent with organizational judgments. It would be considered that the Japanese have the norm that even if the organization is not at fault for a member's disruptive behavior, it should respond to it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appraisal%20for%20organization" title="appraisal for organization">appraisal for organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annoying%20behavior" title=" annoying behavior"> annoying behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20shame%20and%20guilt" title=" group shame and guilt"> group shame and guilt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compensation" title=" compensation"> compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20apologies" title=" organizational apologies"> organizational apologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150878/the-effects-of-organizational-apologies-for-some-members-annoying-behavior-on-other-members-appraisal-of-their-organization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6167</span> Idea of International Criminal Justice in the Function of Prosecution International Crimes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanda%20Bo%C5%BEi%C4%87">Vanda Božić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%BDeljko%20Nika%C4%8D"> Željko Nikač</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wars and armed conflicts have often resulted in violations of international humanitarian law, and often commit the most serious international crimes such as war crimes, crimes against humanity, aggression and genocide. However, only in the XX century the rule was articulated idea of establishing a body of international criminal justice in order to prosecute these crimes and their perpetrators. The first steps in this field have been made by establishing the International military tribunals for war crimes at Nuremberg and Tokyo, and the formation of <em>ad hoc</em> tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. In the end, The International Criminal Court was established in Rome in 1998 with the aim of justice and in order to give satisfaction the victims of crimes and their families. The aim of the paper was to provide a historical and comparative analysis of the institutions of international criminal justice based on which these institutions <em>de lege lata</em> fulfilled the goals of individual criminal responsibility and justice. Furthermore, the authors suggest <em>de lege ferenda</em> that the Permanent International Criminal Tribunal, in addition to the prospective case, also takes over the current ICTY and ICTR cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20crimes" title="international crimes">international crimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20criminal%20justice" title=" international criminal justice"> international criminal justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosecution%20of%20crimes" title=" prosecution of crimes"> prosecution of crimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ad%20hoc%20tribunal" title=" ad hoc tribunal"> ad hoc tribunal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20international%20criminal%20court" title=" the international criminal court"> the international criminal court</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67565/idea-of-international-criminal-justice-in-the-function-of-prosecution-international-crimes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67565.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6166</span> Identifying Organizational Culture to Implement Knowledge Management: Case Study of BKN, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Margaretha">Maria Margaretha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elin%20Cahyaningsih"> Elin Cahyaningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dana%20Indra%20Sensuse%20Lukman"> Dana Indra Sensuse Lukman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of key success an organization can be seen from its culture. Employee, environment, and so on are factors for organization to achieve goals and build a competitive advantage. Type of organizational culture can be a guide to implementing Knowledge Management (KM) in organization especially in BKN. Culture will determine behavior of employees or environment to support KM. This paper describes the process to decide which culture does organization belong and suggestion and creating strategic moves in the future to implement KM. OCAI (Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument) and its framework (Competing Value Framework) were used to decide the type of organizational culture. To implement KM in organization, clan is an appropriate culture, because clan culture represent cultural values and leader type to implement a successful KM. Result of the measurement will be references for BKN to improve organization culture to achieve its goals and organization effectiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20culture" title="organizational culture">organizational culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government" title=" government"> government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20management" title=" knowledge management"> knowledge management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OCAI" title=" OCAI"> OCAI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20923/identifying-organizational-culture-to-implement-knowledge-management-case-study-of-bkn-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">627</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6165</span> Collision Avoidance Maneuvers for Vessels Navigating through Traffic Separation Scheme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aswin%20V.%20J.">Aswin V. J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sreeja%20%20S."> Sreeja S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Harikumar"> R. Harikumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ship collision is one of the major concerns while navigating in the ocean. In congested sea routes where there are hectic offshore operations, ships are often forced to take close encounter maneuvers. Maritime rules for preventing collision at sea are defined in the International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea. Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) are traffic management route systems ruled by International Maritime Organization (IMO), where the traffic lanes indicate the general direction of traffic flow. The Rule 10 of International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea prescribes the conduct of vessels while navigating through TSS. But no quantitative criteria regarding the procedures to detect and evaluate collision risk is specified in International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea. Most of the accidents that occur are due to operational errors affected by human factors such as lack of experience and loss of situational awareness. In open waters, the traffic density is less when compared to that in TSS, and hence the vessels can be operated in autopilot mode. A collision avoidance method that uses the possible obstacle trajectories in advance to predict “collision occurrence” and can generate suitable maneuvers for collision avoidance is presented in this paper. The suitable course and propulsion changes that can be used in a TSS considering International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea are found out for various obstacle scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collision%20avoidance" title="collision avoidance">collision avoidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maneuvers" title=" maneuvers"> maneuvers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstacle%20trajectories" title=" obstacle trajectories"> obstacle trajectories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20separation%20scheme" title=" traffic separation scheme"> traffic separation scheme</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145379/collision-avoidance-maneuvers-for-vessels-navigating-through-traffic-separation-scheme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6164</span> The Role of Education (Tarbiyyah) in the Religio-Political Organization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhaimin%20Bin%20Sulam">Muhaimin Bin Sulam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Mutalib%20Embong"> Abdul Mutalib Embong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azelin%20Mohamed%20Noor"> Azelin Mohamed Noor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the reinvention of the role of education <em>(tarbiyyah</em>) in the social influence of organizations focusing on the sustainability of a specific religio-political organization. The objective of the paper is to describe how the position secured by education could transform the organization while maintaining its objective and vision. The study employed the qualitative approach that involves data from conducted interviews. An analysis on the role political leaders play in educating the organization in the context of ideological struggle is also analyzed. The process description also evaluates how education could intellectualize its followers and members which inspires them to submit to their leaders and the organization. This extensive cultivation of religio-political doctrine could offer a new interpretation on politics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religiopolitical%20organization" title="religiopolitical organization">religiopolitical organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20%28Tarbiyyah%29" title=" education (Tarbiyyah)"> education (Tarbiyyah)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=followers" title=" followers"> followers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20movement" title=" political movement"> political movement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24471/the-role-of-education-tarbiyyah-in-the-religio-political-organization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6163</span> Paradigmatic Approach University Management from the Perspective of Strategic Management: A Research in the Marmara Region in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Recep%20Y%C3%BCcel">Recep Yücel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cihat%20Kartal"> Cihat Kartal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Kara"> Mustafa Kara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On the basis of strategic management, it is believed in the necessity of a number of innovations in the postmodern management approach in the management of universities in our country. In this sense, some of these requirements are the integration of public and private universities, international integration, R & D status and increasing young population will create a dynamic structure. According to the postmodern management approach, universities, in our country despite being governed by the classical approach autonomous universities; academically are thought solid, to be non-hierarchical and creative. In fact, studies that require a multidisciplinary academic environment, universities and there is a close cooperation between formal and non-formal sub-units. Moreover, terms of postmodern management approaches, the requirements specified in the direction of solving the problem of an increasing number of universities in our country is considered to be more difficult. Therefore, considering the psychological impact on the academic personnel the university organizational structure, the study are trying to aim to propose an appropriate model of university organization. In this context, the study sought to answer the question how to have an impact innovation and international integration on the academic achievement of the classical organizational structure. Finally, in the study, due to the adoption of the classical organizational structure of the university, integration is considered to be difficult, academic cooperation between universities at the international level and maintaining it. In addition, it was understood that block the efforts of this organization structure, academic motivation, development and innovation. In this study under these purposes; on the basis of the existing organization and management structure of the universities in the Marmara Region in Turkey, a study was conducted with qualitative research methods. The data have been analyzed using content analysis and assessment was based on the results obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university" title="university">university</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20management" title=" strategic management"> strategic management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postmodern%20management%20approaches" title=" postmodern management approaches"> postmodern management approaches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidisciplinary%20studies" title=" multidisciplinary studies"> multidisciplinary studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21469/paradigmatic-approach-university-management-from-the-perspective-of-strategic-management-a-research-in-the-marmara-region-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6162</span> Role of ICT and Wage Inequality in Organization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoji%20Katagiri">Shoji Katagiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study deals with wage inequality in organization and shows the relationship between ICT and wage in organization. To do so, we incorporate ICT’s factors in organization into our model. ICT’s factors are efficiencies of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Computer Assisted Design/Computer Assisted Manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and NETWORK. The improvement of ICT’s factors decrease the learning cost to solve problem pertaining to the hierarchy in organization. The improvement of NETWORK increases the wage inequality within workers and decreases within managers and entrepreneurs. The improvements of CAD/CAM and ERP increases the wage inequality within all agent, and partially increase it between the agents in hierarchy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endogenous%20economic%20growth" title="endogenous economic growth">endogenous economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inequality" title=" inequality"> inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20accumulation" title=" capital accumulation"> capital accumulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52476/role-of-ict-and-wage-inequality-in-organization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6161</span> Spreading Japan's National Image through China during the Era of Mass Tourism: The Japan National Tourism Organization’s Use of Sina Weibo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abigail%20Qian%20Zhou">Abigail Qian Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since China has entered an era of mass tourism, there has been a fundamental change in the way Chinese people approach and perceive the image of other countries. With the advent of the new media era, social networking sites such as Sina Weibo have become a tool for many foreign governmental organizations to spread and promote their national image. Among them, the Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO) was one of the first foreign official tourism agencies to register with Sina Weibo and actively implement communication activities. Due to historical and political reasons, cognition of Japan's national image by the Chinese has always been complicated and contradictory. However, since 2015, China has become the largest source of tourists visiting Japan. This clearly indicates that the broadening of Japan's national image in China has been effective and has value worthy of reference in promoting a positive Chinese perception of Japan and encouraging Japanese tourism. Within this context and using the method of content analysis in media studies through content mining software, this study analyzed how JNTO’s Sina Weibo accounts have constructed and spread Japan's national image. This study also summarized the characteristics of its content and form, and finally revealed the strategy of JNTO in building its international image. The findings of this study not only add a tourism-based perspective to traditional national image communications research, but also provide some reference for the effective international dissemination of national image in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20image" title="national image">national image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20communication" title=" international communication"> international communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japan" title=" Japan"> Japan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117404/spreading-japans-national-image-through-china-during-the-era-of-mass-tourism-the-japan-national-tourism-organizations-use-of-sina-weibo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20organization%20for%20standardization%20%28ISO%29&page=1" rel="prev">‹</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20organization%20for%20standardization%20%28ISO%29&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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