US Law, Case Law, Codes, Statutes & Regulations

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xml:lang="en" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/sites/law.justia.com/files/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <meta name="description" content="Justia Free Databases of US Law, Case Law, Codes, Statutes & Regulations"> <title>US Law, Case Law, Codes, Statutes & Regulations :: Justia Law</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/css/core.css" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/all/themes/justia_law_theme/static/law.css?11072014" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/css/dockets.css" /> <link href="https://company.justia.com" rel="publisher" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/justia/jbutton_flat_144.svg" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="144x144" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/justia/jbutton_flat_144.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="128x128" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/justia/jbutton_flat_128.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48 64x64 96x96 128x128" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/justia/justia.ico" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="57x57" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/justia/jbutton_flat_57.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="72x72" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/justia/jbutton_flat_72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="114x114" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/justia/jbutton_flat_114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="144x144" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/justia/jbutton_flat_144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" type="image/png" sizes="57x57" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/justia/jbutton_3d_57.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" type="image/png" sizes="72x72" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/justia/jbutton_3d_72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" type="image/png" sizes="114x114" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/justia/jbutton_3d_114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" type="image/png" sizes="144x144" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/justia/jbutton_3d_144.png" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48 64x64 96x96 128x128" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/justia/justia.ico" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Justia Law" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://law.justia.com/" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/social-media/law.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:admins" content="656268335,686786921,25900864" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="119529808075661" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/social-media/law.jpg" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://law.justia.com/" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="is-logged-in" content="0" /> <meta name="page-type" content="Law: Homepage" /> <meta name="trigger-ga" content="1" /> <script> var trackOutboundLink = function(url, isExternal) {} </script> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.3/jquery.min.js"></script> <script> window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="/sites/all/themes/justia_law_theme/static/jquery.1.8.3.min.js"><\/script>') </script>  <script> (function(w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-P2QTGCR'); </script> </head> <body class="sticky-footer content-right-sidebar" data-directive="j-gdpr" data-privacy-policy-url="https://www.justia.com/privacy-policy/">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P2QTGCR" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <header id="header" data-directive="j-topnav"> <div id="sticky-nav"> <div class="burger-wrapper"> <div id="hamburger" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header" data-gtm-label="Hamburger" class="hamburger"> <div class="inner-ham" style="pointer-events:none"> <span class="lns ln2-1" style="pointer-events:none"></span> <span class="lns ln2-2" style="pointer-events:none"></span> </div> </div> <div id="header-nav"> <div class="inner-wrapper"> <div class="logo-wrapper"> <a href="/" title="Justia Law" class="logo"> <img data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header" data-gtm-label="Logo" src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/branding/logos/sites/justia.svg" alt="Justia"> <img data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header" data-gtm-label="Logo - Subdomain" class="sub-domain" src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/branding/logos/sites/law.svg" alt="Case Law"> </a> </div> <div class="buttons-wrapper"> <div class="topnav-button search-icon" id="search-icon-button"> <img src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/icons/svgfiles/white/search.svg" alt="search" width="22" height="22" /> </div> <div class="topnav-button sign-in-icon" id="sign-in-icon-button"> <img src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/icons/svgfiles/white/profile.svg" alt="My Account" width="20" height="20"> </div> <div id="accounts-buttons-wrapper"> <span class="topnav-button login-buttons" id="login-buttons-wrapper"> <span class="login-buttons-wrapper"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Account" data-gtm-label="Log In" data-directive="j-login" href="https://accounts.justia.com/signin?destination=https://law.justia.com/" class="login">Log In</a> <a href="https://accounts.justia.com/" class="sign-up">Sign Up</a> </span> </span> </div> <div id="search-form-wrapper"> <form action="/lawsearch/redirect-from-header" method="get" class="search-form jform" id="search-form"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input type="text" name="query" value="" id="querybox" title="Search" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit"> <img src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/icons/svgfiles/blue/search.svg" alt="search" width="22" height="22" /> </button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="subnavigation"> <div class="subnavigation-wrapper"> <ul> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Find a Lawyer" href="https://www.justia.com/lawyers">Find a Lawyer</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Ask a Lawyer" href="https://answers.justia.com/">Ask a Lawyer </a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Research the Law" href="https://www.justia.com/">Research the Law</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Law Schools" href="https://www.justia.com/law-schools/">Law Schools</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Laws & Regs" href="https://law.justia.com/">Laws & Regs</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Newsletters" href="https://connect.justia.com/case-law-summary-newsletters">Newsletters</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Marketing Solutions" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/">Marketing Solutions</a> <div class="sublist"> <div class="sublist-section"> <ul> <li class="sublist-section-title"><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Justia Connect" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/connect/">Justia Connect</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Pro Membership" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/connect/#pro-membership">Pro Membership</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Basic Membership" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/connect/#basic-membership">Basic Membership</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="sublist-section"> <ul> <li class="sublist-section-title"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Justia Lawyer Directory" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/lawyer-directory/">Justia Lawyer Directory</a> </li> <li> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Platinum Placements" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/lawyer-directory/platinum/">Platinum Placements</a> </li> <li> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Gold Placements" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/lawyer-directory/gold/">Gold Placements</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="sublist-section"> <ul> <li class="sublist-section-title"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Justia Elevate" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/elevate/">Justia Elevate</a> </li> <li> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="SEO" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/elevate/search-engine-optimization/">SEO</a> </li> <li> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Websites & LSA Management" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/elevate/law-firm-websites/">Websites</a> </li> <li> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Blogs" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/elevate/law-blogs/">Blogs</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="sublist-section"> <ul> <li class="sublist-section-title"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Justia Amplify" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/amplify/">Justia Amplify</a> </li> <li> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="PPC Management" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/amplify/cpc-ppc/">PPC Management</a> </li> <li> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Google Business Profile" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/amplify/google-business-profile/">Google Business Profile</a> </li> <li> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Social Media" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/amplify/social-media-networking/">Social Media</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="sublist-section"> <ul> <li class="sublist-section-title"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Header Navigation" data-gtm-label="Justia Onward Blog" href="https://onward.justia.com/">Justia Onward Blog</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </header> <div class="has-topnav-padding font-opensans" data-directive="j-announcement" data-project="law"></div> <div id="main-content" class="main-content font-opensans"> <nav class="breadcrumbs small-font font-helvetica"> <a href="https://www.justia.com/">Justia</a> <span class="breadcrumb-separator"></span> US Law </nav> <div class="primary-content-wrapper"> <div class="primary-content" id="maincontent"> <div class="wrapper jcard has-padding-30 blocks"> <div class="panel-flexible panels-flexible-1 clear-block" > <div class="panel-flexible-inside panels-flexible-1-inside"> <div class="panels-flexible-region panels-flexible-region-1-center panels-flexible-region-first panels-flexible-region-last"> <div class="inside panels-flexible-region-inside panels-flexible-region-1-center-inside panels-flexible-region-inside-first panels-flexible-region-inside-last"> <div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-justia-laws-listings-0" > <div class="pane-content"> <h2 class="pane-title heading-1">US Law, Case Law, Codes, Statutes & Regulations</h2> <div class="block"> <p class="has-no-top-margin"> Access to the law is critical to understanding your rights and your responsibilities when facing a variety of everyday legal issues and problems. The law belongs to all of us, and Justia is proud to offer <strong>free</strong> access to federal and state court decisions, codes, and regulations. We also provide the full text of the Annotated US Constitution, as well as recent dockets and selected case filings from the US federal district and appellate courts. </p> </div> <h2 class="pane-title">US Primary Law</h2><div><ul class="list-columns list-columns-three list-no-styles"><li><a href="/cases/">US Case Law</a></li><li><a href="/codes/">US Codes and Statutes</a></li><li><a href="/regulations/">US Regulations</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-region-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-justia-laws-listings-1" > <h2 class="pane-title">US Federal Law</h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div><ul class="list-columns list-no-styles"><li><a href="/constitution/us">US Constitution</a></li><li><a href="/codes/us">US Code</a></li><li><a href="/cfr/">US Code of Federal Regulations</a></li><li><a href="https://regulations.justia.com">US Federal Register</a></li><li><a href="https://supreme.justia.com">US Supreme Court</a></li><li><a href="/cases/federal/appellate-courts/">US Courts of Appeals Cases</a></li><li><a href="/cases/federal/district-courts/">US Federal District Courts Cases</a></li><li><a href="https://dockets.justia.com">US Federal Court Dockets & Case Filings</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-region-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-justia-laws-listings-2" > <h2 class="pane-title">US State Law</h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div><ul class="list-columns list-columns-three list-no-styles"><li><a href="/alabama/">Alabama Law</a></li><li><a href="/alaska/">Alaska Law</a></li><li><a href="/arizona/">Arizona Law</a></li><li><a href="/arkansas/">Arkansas Law</a></li><li><a href="/california/">California Law</a></li><li><a href="/colorado/">Colorado Law</a></li><li><a href="/connecticut/">Connecticut Law</a></li><li><a href="/delaware/">Delaware Law</a></li><li><a href="/district-of-columbia/">District of Columbia Law</a></li><li><a href="/florida/">Florida Law</a></li><li><a href="/georgia/">Georgia Law</a></li><li><a href="/guam/">Guam Law</a></li><li><a href="/hawaii/">Hawaii Law</a></li><li><a href="/idaho/">Idaho Law</a></li><li><a href="/illinois/">Illinois Law</a></li><li><a href="/indiana/">Indiana Law</a></li><li><a href="/iowa/">Iowa Law</a></li><li><a href="/kansas/">Kansas Law</a></li><li><a href="/kentucky/">Kentucky Law</a></li><li><a href="/louisiana/">Louisiana Law</a></li><li><a href="/maine/">Maine Law</a></li><li><a href="/maryland/">Maryland Law</a></li><li><a href="/massachusetts/">Massachusetts Law</a></li><li><a href="/michigan/">Michigan Law</a></li><li><a href="/minnesota/">Minnesota Law</a></li><li><a href="/mississippi/">Mississippi Law</a></li><li><a href="/missouri/">Missouri Law</a></li><li><a href="/montana/">Montana Law</a></li><li><a href="/nebraska/">Nebraska Law</a></li><li><a href="/nevada/">Nevada Law</a></li><li><a href="/new-hampshire/">New Hampshire Law</a></li><li><a href="/new-jersey/">New Jersey Law</a></li><li><a href="/new-mexico/">New Mexico Law</a></li><li><a href="/new-york/">New York Law</a></li><li><a href="/north-carolina/">North Carolina Law</a></li><li><a href="/north-dakota/">North Dakota Law</a></li><li><a href="/ohio/">Ohio Law</a></li><li><a href="/oklahoma/">Oklahoma Law</a></li><li><a href="/oregon/">Oregon Law</a></li><li><a href="/pennsylvania/">Pennsylvania Law</a></li><li><a href="/puerto-rico/">Puerto Rico Law</a></li><li><a href="/rhode-island/">Rhode Island Law</a></li><li><a href="/south-carolina/">South Carolina Law</a></li><li><a href="/south-dakota/">South Dakota Law</a></li><li><a href="/tennessee/">Tennessee Law</a></li><li><a href="/texas/">Texas Law</a></li><li><a href="/utah/">Utah Law</a></li><li><a href="/vermont/">Vermont Law</a></li><li><a href="/virginia/">Virginia Law</a></li><li><a href="/virgin-islands/">US Virgin Islands Law</a></li><li><a href="/washington/">Washington Law</a></li><li><a href="/west-virginia/">West Virginia Law</a></li><li><a href="/wisconsin/">Wisconsin Law</a></li><li><a href="/wyoming/">Wyoming Law</a></li></ul></div><br /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="small-font jcard has-padding-content-block-30 block"> <div class="disclaimer"> This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> and <a href="https://policies.google.com/terms" target="_blank">Terms of Service</a> apply. </div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebar primary-sidebar"> <aside data-directive="j-lead" data-type="cornell" data-impression="0"> </aside> <aside class="jcard jlead-v2-wrapper -loading" data-directive="j-dynamic-lead" data-property="law"> <div class="jspinner -double-bounce"> <div class="-crl -crl1 bg-justia-blue"></div> <div class="-crl -crl2 bg-justia-blue"></div> </div> </aside> <aside id="newsletter-subscription-aside-widget" class="jcard has-padding-content-block-30 block widget no-space" data-gtm-children="Sidebar"> <strong class="heading-4 has-no-top-margin"> Free Daily Summaries in Your Inbox </strong> <div class="block-wrapper"> <p class="has-no-bottom-margin hidden"> You're all set! You already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters. You can explore additional available newsletters <a href="https://connect.justia.com/case-law-summary-newsletters" target="_blank">here</a>. </p> <form id="subscribe-aside-form" class="form-v2 hidden" data-directive="j-validator" data-runs-recaptcha="1" data-gtm-type="submission" data-gtm-label="Suggestions Form" data-gtm-category="Summary Newsletters"> <p> Sign up for our free summaries and get the latest delivered directly to you. </p> <strong class="heading-5 has-no-top-margin has-margin-bottom-10"> Our Suggestions: </strong> <div class="jfld-group jfld-options-group has-no-bottom-margin" id="form-v2-options-group1"> <div id="suggestion-options-wrapper" class="options-wrapper has-margin-bottom-10" data-validations="minOptions1" data-container="#suggestion-options-container" data-group="suggestions" /> </div> <div id="suggestion-options-container" class="errors-list"></div> <div class="jfld-group floating-label has-no-bottom-margin" data-directive="j-floating-label"> <span class="jfld-floating-label flabel" id="subscriptions-aside-email-label">Enter Your Email</span> <input id="aside-email" class="form-text jinput-large jfld-block has-margin-top-15 has-margin-bottom-10 ffield" placeholder="Enter email" title="Enter email" aria-labeledby="subscriptions-aside-email-label" required="true" data-validations="isEmail" data-container="#aside-email-container" name="aside-email" type="email" value="" > <div id="aside-email-container" class="errors-list"></div> </div> <input class="button button-red save-button width-100-v2" style="min-height:2.8125em" type="submit" value="Sign Up"> <div id="aside-errors" class="errors-list"></div> <div id="aside-g-recaptcha" class="g-recaptcha text-center -display-flex captcha visuallyhidden" data-sitekey="6Lc8e9QZAAAAALXCMYspBhWr45nC7vkovxjiIKzP"></div> </form> </div> <div id="practice-areas-div" data-practice='""'></div> </aside> <aside class="jcard has-padding-content-block-30 block webinars-you-might-like widget" data-gtm-children="Sidebar"> <strong class="heading-4 has-no-top-margin"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Sidebar" data-gtm-label="All - Connect Webinars" href="https://connect.justia.com/webinars">Webinars For All</a> </strong> <div class="block-wrapper" data-directive="j-webinars-list"> <div class="calendar-event -keep-in-row -with-details -loading has-margin-top-30 has-margin-bottom-30"> <div class="date"></div> <strong class="title small-font line-height-1-3 has-no-margin"> <span class="line"> </span> <span class="line"> </span> <span class="line"> </span> </strong> <div class="details small-font line-height-1-3"> <span class="line"> </span> </div> </div> <hr class="hr"> <div class="calendar-event -keep-in-row -with-details -loading has-margin-top-30 has-margin-bottom-30"> <div class="date"></div> <strong class="title small-font line-height-1-3 has-no-margin"> <span class="line"> </span> <span class="line"> </span> <span class="line"> </span> </strong> <div class="details small-font line-height-1-3"> <span class="line"> </span> </div> </div> <hr class="hr"> <div class="calendar-event -keep-in-row -with-details -loading has-margin-top-30 has-margin-bottom-30"> <div class="date"></div> <strong class="title small-font line-height-1-3 has-no-margin"> <span class="line"> </span> <span class="line"> </span> <span class="line"> </span> </strong> <div class="details small-font line-height-1-3"> <span class="line"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="small-font has-margin-top-20">Justia Webinars are open to all, lawyers and non-lawyers. Lawyers, please visit individual webinar pages for more information about CLE accreditation. </div> </aside><aside id="ask-a-lawyer-widget" class="jcard has-padding-content-block-30 block" data-directive="j-ask-a-lawyer"> <p class="heading-4"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Sidebar" data-gtm-label="All - Ask a Lawyer" href="https://answers.justia.com/">Ask a Lawyer</a> </p> <div class="block-wrapper small-font"> <form data-gtm-type="submission" data-gtm-label="Ask a Lawyer" data-gtm-category="Widgets" name="ask-a-lawyer-form" method="post" action="https://answers.justia.com/ask" id="homepage-ask" accept-charset="utf-8"> <div class="jfld-group"> <strong>Question:</strong> <textarea name="question" class="jfld-block" id="ask-a-lawyer-textarea" rows="5" title="Please ask your question here and get free answers from lawyers." placeholder="Please ask your question here and get free answers from lawyers."></textarea> </div> <span class="block"> <a id="answers-add-details">Add details</a> <div class="pull-right" id="char-court"> 120 </div> </span> <div class="question-details clear-both hidden-content" id="question-details"> <div class="jfld-group"> <strong>Additional Details: </strong> <textarea name="details" id="ask-a-lawyer-details-textarea" rows="5" class="jfld-block" title="If you have additional details about your question fill them here" placeholder="If you have additional details about your question fill them here"></textarea> </div> <span class="block"> <div class="pull-right" id="char-court-details"> 1000 </div> </span> </div> <button type="submit" name="submit" class="pull-right button button-primary uppercase"> Ask Question </button> </form> </div> </aside>  <aside class="jcard has-padding-content-block-30 block"> <p class="heading-4"> <a href="https://www.justia.com/lawyers" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Sidebar" data-gtm-label="Find a Lawyer" id="findalawyerlawlink"> Find a Lawyer </a> </p> <div class="block-wrapper"> <form data-gtm-type="submission" data-gtm-label="Find a Lawyer" data-gtm-category="Widgets" name="find-a-lawyer-form" class="jform small-font jform--find-lawyer" action="//lawyers.justia.com/search" method="get" accept-charset="utf-8"> <div class="jfld-group"> <input type="text" name="query" value="" id="lawyer_practice_field" title="Legal Issue or Lawyer Name" placeholder="Legal Issue or Lawyer Name" class="jfld-block"> </div> <div class="jfld-group -side-button clearfix"> <input type="text" name="location" value="" id="lawyer-location" title="City, State" placeholder="City, State"> <input type="submit" value="Search" class="button button-primary search uppercase"> </div> </form> <div class="text-center clear-both"> <strong class="heading-6 has-no-bottom-margin"><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Sidebar" data-gtm-label="All - Lawyers - Get Listed Now!" href="https://lawyers.justia.com/lawyer-directory-listings" class="button button-red-ghost">Lawyers - Get Listed Now!</a></strong> <span class="tiny-font">Get a free directory profile listing</span> </div> </div> </aside> <aside data-directive="j-find-a-lawyer" data-practice="" data-display-tooltip="true" data-level="300"></aside> </div>  <div class="notification-banner hidden hide-print"> <a href="#" class="toggle -expanded " data-section="notification-banner-content" data-directive="j-expand" data-cookie="law-sticky-footer-collapsed"> <span class="visuallyhidden">Toggle button</span> <svg class="jicon -fill-red" role="img" title="Toggle" viewbox="0 0 270 270"> <use xlink:href="/justatic/shared/images/icons/simple-icons-sprite.svg#down"></use> </svg> </a> <div id="notification-banner-content" class="container -expanded has-no-border"> <div class="wrapper"> <p class="text"> <strong>Get free summaries of new <span id="footer-summaries-court-name"></span> opinions delivered to your inbox!</strong> </p> <div class="form-container"> <form id="subscribe-footer-form" data-directive="j-validator" data-runs-recaptcha="1" data-gtm-type="submission" data-gtm-label="Sticky Footer Form" data-gtm-category="Summary Newsletters"> <input type="hidden" name="footer-summaries-identifier" id="footer-summaries-identifier" value="" /> <div class="jform-simple form-v2 -always-inline"> <div class="jfld-group floating-label" data-directive="j-floating-label"> <span class="jfld-floating-label flabel" id="subscriptions-footer-email-label">Enter Your Email</span> <input id="footer-email" class="form-text jinput-large jfld-block" placeholder="Enter email" title="Enter email" aria-labeledby="subscriptions-footer-email-label" required="true" data-validations="isEmail" data-container="#footer-email-container" name="footer-email" type="email" value="" > <div id="footer-email-container" class="errors-list"></div> </div> <button class="button button-red save-button" type="submit"> <span class="nowrap">Sign Up</span> </button> </div> <div id="footer-g-recaptcha" class="g-recaptcha text-center -display-flex captcha visuallyhidden" data-sitekey="6Lc8e9QZAAAAALXCMYspBhWr45nC7vkovxjiIKzP"></div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer"> <div> </div> </footer> </div> <div id="footer" class="-v2 short bg-white color-black"> <div class="wrapper has-no-padding"> <div class="resources font-opensans has-padding-content-block-x2large clearfix"> <div class="section-title">Justia Legal Resources</div> <div class="columns"> <div class="footer-block"> <div class="title"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Find a Lawyer" href="https://www.justia.com/lawyers">Find a Lawyer</a> <span class="expand" data-directive="j-expand" data-section="footer-01"> <img src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/icons/svgfiles/blue/down.svg" alt="Arrow"> </span> </div> <ul id="footer-01" class="footer-list -collapsed"> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Bankruptcy Lawyers" href="https://www.justia.com/lawyers/bankruptcy">Bankruptcy Lawyers</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Business Lawyers" href="https://www.justia.com/lawyers/business-law">Business Lawyers</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Criminal Lawyers" href="https://www.justia.com/lawyers/criminal-law">Criminal Lawyers</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Employment Lawyers" href="https://www.justia.com/lawyers/employment-law">Employment Lawyers</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Estate Planning Lawyers" href="https://www.justia.com/lawyers/estate-planning">Estate Planning Lawyers</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Family Lawyers" href="https://www.justia.com/lawyers/family-law">Family Lawyers</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Personal Injury Lawyers" href="https://www.justia.com/lawyers/personal-injury">Personal Injury Lawyers</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Find a Lawyer - More" href="https://www.justia.com/lawyers">More... </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-block"> <div class="title"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Individuals" href="https://www.justia.com/individuals/">Individuals</a> <span class="expand" data-directive="j-expand" data-section="footer-02"> <img src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/icons/svgfiles/blue/down.svg" alt="Arrow"> </span> </div> <ul id="footer-02" class="footer-list -collapsed"> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Bankruptcy" href="https://www.justia.com/bankruptcy/">Bankruptcy</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Criminal" href="https://www.justia.com/criminal/">Criminal</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Divorce" href="https://www.justia.com/family/divorce/">Divorce</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="DUI" href="https://www.justia.com/criminal/drunk-driving-dui-dwi/">DUI</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Estate Planning" href="https://www.justia.com/estate-planning/">Estate Planning</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Family Law" href="https://www.justia.com/family/">Family Law</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Personal Injury" href="https://www.justia.com/injury/">Personal Injury</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Individuals - More" href="https://www.justia.com/individuals/">More...</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-block"> <div class="title"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Business" href="https://www.justia.com/business/">Business</a> <span class="expand" data-directive="j-expand" data-section="footer-03"> <img src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/icons/svgfiles/blue/down.svg" alt="Arrow"> </span> </div> <ul id="footer-03" class="footer-list -collapsed"> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Business Formation" href="https://www.justia.com/business-operations/starting-your-own-business/">Business Formation</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Business Operations" href="https://www.justia.com/business-operations/">Business Operations</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Employment" href="https://www.justia.com/employment/">Employment</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Intellectual Property" href="https://www.justia.com/intellectual-property/">Intellectual Property</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="International Trade" href="https://www.justia.com/international-law/international-trade-law/">International Trade</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Real Estate" href="https://www.justia.com/business-operations/commercial-real-estate-the-law/">Real Estate</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Tax Law" href="https://www.justia.com/tax/">Tax Law</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Business - More" href="https://www.justia.com/business/">More... </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-block"> <div class="title"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Law Schools" href="https://www.justia.com/law-schools/">Law Schools</a> <span class="expand" data-directive="j-expand" data-section="footer-04"> <img src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/icons/svgfiles/blue/down.svg" alt="Arrow"> </span> </div> <ul id="footer-04" class="footer-list -collapsed"> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Dictionary" href="https://dictionary.justia.com/ ">Dictionary</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Admissions" href="https://www.justia.com/law-students/">Admissions</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Financial Aid" href="https://www.justia.com/law-students/">Financial Aid</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Course Outlines" href="https://www.justia.com/law-schools/outlines/">Course Outlines</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Law Journals" href="https://www.justia.com/law-schools/">Law Journals</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Blogs" href="https://blawgsearch.justia.com/blogs/categories/law-student">Blogs</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Employment" href="https://www.justia.jobs/jobs/summer-associate-legal-internship">Employment</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Law Students - More" href="https://www.justia.com/law-schools/">More...</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-block"> <div class="title"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="US Federal Law" href="https://law.justia.com/us/">US Federal Law</a> <span class="expand" data-directive="j-expand" data-section="footer-05"> <img src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/icons/svgfiles/blue/down.svg" alt="Arrow"> </span> </div> <ul id="footer-05" class="footer-list -collapsed"> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="US Constitution" href="https://law.justia.com/constitution/us/">US Constitution</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="US Code" href="https://law.justia.com/codes/us">US Code</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Regulations" href="https://regulations.justia.com/">Regulations</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Supreme Court" href="https://supreme.justia.com/">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Circuit Courts" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/">Circuit Courts</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="District Courts" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/">District Courts</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Dockets & Filings" href="https://dockets.justia.com/">Dockets & Filings</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="US Federal Law - More" href="https://law.justia.com/us/">More...</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-block"> <div class="title"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="US State Law" href="https://law.justia.com/us-states/">US State Law</a> <span class="expand" data-directive="j-expand" data-section="footer-06"> <img src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/icons/svgfiles/blue/down.svg" alt="Arrow"> </span> </div> <ul id="footer-06" class="footer-list -collapsed"> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="State Constitutions" href="https://law.justia.com/us-states/">State Constitutions</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="State Codes" href="https://law.justia.com/codes/">State Codes</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="State Case Law" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/">State Case Law</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="California" href="https://law.justia.com/california/">California</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Florida" href="https://law.justia.com/florida/">Florida</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="New York" href="https://law.justia.com/new-york/">New York</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Texas" href="https://law.justia.com/texas/">Texas</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="US State Law - More" href="https://law.justia.com/us-states/">More... </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-block"> <div class="title"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Other Databases" href="https://www.justia.com/">Other Databases</a> <span class="expand" data-directive="j-expand" data-section="footer-07"> <img src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/icons/svgfiles/blue/down.svg" alt="Arrow"> </span> </div> <ul id="footer-07" class="footer-list -collapsed"> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Legal Jobs" href="https://www.justia.jobs/">Legal Jobs</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Legal Blogs" href="https://blawgsearch.justia.com/">Legal Blogs</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Business Forms" href="https://contracts.justia.com/">Business Forms</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Product Recalls" href="https://recalls.justia.com/">Product Recalls</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Patents" href="https://patents.justia.com/">Patents</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Trademarks" href="https://trademarks.justia.com/">Trademarks</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Countries" href="https://www.justia.com/countries/">Countries</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Other Databases - More" href="https://www.justia.com/">More...</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-block"> <div class="title"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Marketing Solutions" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/">Marketing Solutions</a> <span class="expand" data-directive="j-expand" data-section="footer-08"> <img src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/images/icons/svgfiles/blue/down.svg" alt="Arrow"> </span> </div> <ul id="footer-08" class="footer-list -collapsed"> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Justia Connect Membership" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/connect/">Justia Connect Membership</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Justia Lawyer Directory" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/lawyer-directory/">Justia Lawyer Directory</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Justia Premium Placements" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/lawyer-directory/#premium-placements">Justia Premium Placements</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Justia Elevate" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/elevate/">Justia Elevate (SEO, Websites)</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Justia Amplify" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/amplify/">Justia Amplify (PPC, GBP)</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Justia Onward Blog" href="https://onward.justia.com/">Justia Onward Blog</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Testimonials" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/testimonials/">Testimonials</a></li> <li><a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer Resources" data-gtm-label="Marketing Solutions - More" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/">More...</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bg-justia-blue"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="copyright"> <span class="site"> <span class="social-media"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/justia" title="Facebook" target="_blank" class="fb icon"> <img src="https://lawyers.justia.com/s/facebook.svg" width="50" height="50" alt="Facebook" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer" data-gtm-label="Social Media - Facebook"> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/justiacom" title="Twitter" target="_blank" class="twitter icon"> <img src="https://lawyers.justia.com/s/twitter.svg" width="50" height="50" alt="Twitter" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer" data-gtm-label="Social Media - Twitter"> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/justia" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" class="linkedin icon"> <img src="https://lawyers.justia.com/s/linkedin.svg" width="50" height="50" alt="LinkedIn" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer" data-gtm-label="Social Media - LinkedIn"> </a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/justia" title="YouTube" target="_blank" class="youtube icon"> <img src="https://lawyers.justia.com/s/youtube.svg" width="50" height="50" alt="YouTube" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer" data-gtm-label="Social Media - YouTube" /> </a> <a href="https://lawyers.justia.com/organization/justia-inc-16302" title="Justia Lawyer Directory" class="justia icon"> <img src="https://lawyers.justia.com/s/justia.svg" width="50" height="50" alt="Justia" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer" data-gtm-label="Social Media - Justia Lawyer Directory"> </a> </span> <span class="credits">© 2024 <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer" data-gtm-label="Copyright" href="https://www.justia.com/">Justia</a></span> </span> <span class="nav"> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer" data-gtm-label="Justia Connect" href="https://connect.justia.com/">Justia Connect</a> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer" data-gtm-label="Legal Portal" href="https://www.justia.com/">Legal Portal</a> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer" data-gtm-label="Company" href="https://company.justia.com/">Company</a> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer" data-gtm-label="Help" href="https://support.justia.com/">Help</a> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer" data-gtm-label="Terms of Service" href="https://www.justia.com/terms-of-service/">Terms of Service</a> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer" data-gtm-label="Privacy Policy" href="https://www.justia.com/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-category="Navigation" data-gtm-action="Footer" data-gtm-label="Marketing Solutions" class="nowrap" href="https://www.justia.com/marketing/">Marketing Solutions</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> var CodesTitles={hide_class:null,init:function(e,t){var n = this;n.hide_class = t;n.generateButtons(e);n.initButtons();},generateButtons: function(e) {$(e).each(function(e, t) {$(t).find("> a", 0).before('<span class="us_codes_expand">+ </span>');});},initButtons: function() {var e = this;$(".us_codes_expand").click(function() {var t = $(this);if (t.parent().hasClass(e.hide_class)) {t.parent().removeClass(e.hide_class);t.text("- ");return;}t.parent().addClass(e.hide_class);t.text("+ ");});}};$(document).ready(function() {CodesTitles.init(".us_codes_has_children", "us_codes_hide_children");$("#metadata").hide();$("a#metadata-link").click(function(e) {e.preventDefault();$("#metadata").slideToggle(400);$(this).text($(this).text() == "View Metadata" ? "Hide Metadata" : "View Metadata");return false;});$(".rsssubdrop").mouseover(function() {$("#TW-pop").show();return false;}).mouseout(function() {$("#TW-pop").hide();return false;});var citationText = $("div.citation").text().replace("What's This?", "");var citationLink = $("div.citation a").attr("href");var citationHtml = `<div class="has-margin-bottom-20 citation-wrapper"><span><strong>Universal Citation:</strong></span><div class="citation"><span>${citationText}</span><div class="tooltip-wrapper"data-directive="j-tooltip"data-hover-on="medium-tablet"data-contain="true"data-tooltip-text-selector=".tooltip"data-adjust-position-on="medium-tablet"data-selector=".tooltip-wrapper"><span class="visuallyhidden">Learn more</span><span class="jicon-box -circle -outlined"><span class="jicon jicon-question blue"><span class="tooltip jtooltip -top-tooltip">This media-neutral citation is based on the American Association of Law Libraries Universal Citation Guide and is not necessarily the official citation.</span></span></span></div></div></div>`;$("div.citation").html(citationHtml)}); </script> <script src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/js/core.js"></script> <script src="https://justatic.com/v/20241125094342/shared/js/law.js"></script> <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?onload=recaptchaOnLoad&render=explicit" async defer></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

US Law, Case Law, Codes, Statutes & Regulations :: Justia Law