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<li id="toc-中世紀同帝國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中世紀同帝國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>中世紀同帝國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中世紀同帝國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21世紀同移民" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21世紀同移民"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>21世紀同移民</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21世紀同移民-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-沿岸嘅國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#沿岸嘅國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>沿岸嘅國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-沿岸嘅國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-疏仕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#疏仕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>疏仕</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-疏仕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">地中海</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有225種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-225" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">225種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Адгьылбжьаратәи амшын – 阿布哈茲文" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Адгьылбжьаратәи амшын" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈茲文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Хыгурыт – 阿迪各文" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Хыгурыт" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="阿迪各文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middellandse_See" title="Middellandse See – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Middellandse See" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittelmeer" title="Mittelmeer – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mittelmeer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9C%E1%8B%B5%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%95_%E1%89%A3%E1%88%95%E1%88%AD" title="ሜድትራኒያን ባሕር – 阿姆哈拉文" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሜድትራኒያን ባሕር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterrania" title="Mar Mediterrania – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mar Mediterrania" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendels%C7%A3" title="Wendelsǣ – 古英文" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wendelsǣ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okwaan%CC%84_Ile_Mediterenia" title="Okwaan̄ Ile Mediterenia – 奧博洛文" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Okwaan̄ Ile Mediterenia" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奧博洛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="भूमध्य सागर – 昂加文" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भूमध्य सागर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7" title="البحر الأبيض المتوسط – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البحر الأبيض المتوسط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%90_%DC%AA%DC%92%DC%90" title="ܝܡܐ ܪܒܐ – 阿拉米文" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܡܐ ܪܒܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" title="لبحر الشامي – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لبحر الشامي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7" title="البحر المتوسط – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البحر المتوسط" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0" title="ভূমধ্য সাগৰ – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভূমধ্য সাগৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterraneu" title="Mar Mediterraneu – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mar Mediterraneu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ракьдагьоркьосеб ралъад – 阿瓦爾文" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ракьдагьоркьосеб ралъад" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="भूमध्य सागर – 阿瓦文" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भूमध्य सागर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aral%C4%B1q_d%C9%99nizi" title="Aralıq dənizi – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aralıq dənizi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="آرالیق دنیزی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آرالیق دنیزی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" title="Урта диңгеҙ – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Урта диңгеҙ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segara_Tengah" title="Segara Tengah – 峇里文" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Segara Tengah" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="峇里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlmeea" title="Middlmeea – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Middlmeea" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%97dor%C5%BEem%C4%97_j%C5%ABra" title="Vėdoržemė jūra – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vėdoržemė jūra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Mediterraneo" title="Dagat Mediterraneo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dagat Mediterraneo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Міжземнае мора – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міжземнае мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Міжземнае мора – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міжземнае мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Средиземно море – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Средиземно море" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="भूमध्य सागर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भूमध्य सागर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Tangah" title="Laut Tangah – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Laut Tangah" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterane_Baji" title="Mediterane Baji – 班巴拉文" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Mediterane Baji" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" title="ভূমধ্যসাগর – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূমধ্যসাগর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="མེ་ཌི་ཊྲེ་ནི་ཡིན་རྒྱ་མཚོ། – 藏文" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མེ་ཌི་ཊྲེ་ནི་ཡིན་རྒྱ་མཚོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor_Kreizdouar" title="Mor Kreizdouar – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mor Kreizdouar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredozemno_more" title="Sredozemno more – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sredozemno more" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Газарай дундада тэнгис – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Газарай дундада тэнгис" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A0nia" title="Mar Mediterrània – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mar Mediterrània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediteraneo" title="Mar Mediteraneo – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Mar Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AA-d%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-h%C4%81i" title="Dê-dṳ̆ng-hāi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dê-dṳ̆ng-hāi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%85%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Лаьттайуккъера хӀорд – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лаьттайуккъера хӀорд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Mediteraneo" title="Dagat Mediteraneo – 宿霧文" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dagat Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿霧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دەریای ناوین – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەریای ناوین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Tarraniu" title="Mari Tarraniu – 科西嘉文" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mari Tarraniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aq_de%C3%B1iz" title="Aq deñiz – 克里米亞半島的土耳其文；克里米亞半島的塔塔爾文" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Aq deñiz" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亞半島的土耳其文；克里米亞半島的塔塔爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C5%99edozemn%C3%AD_mo%C5%99e" title="Středozemní moře – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Středozemní moře" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strz%C3%B3dzemn%C3%A9_M%C3%B2rze" title="Strzódzemné Mòrze – 卡舒布文" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Strzódzemné Mòrze" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%83%D1%82%D0%B0%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%C4%95%D1%81%C4%95" title="Вăтаçĕр тинĕсĕ – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вăтаçĕр тинĕсĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_M%C3%B4r_Canoldir" title="Y Môr Canoldir – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Môr Canoldir" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推薦文章"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelhavet" title="Middelhavet – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Middelhavet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittelmeer" title="Mittelmeer – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mittelmeer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deryayo_S%C4%B1p%C3%AA" title="Deryayo Sıpê – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Deryayo Sıpê" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srjej%C5%BAne_m%C3%B3rjo" title="Srjejźne mórjo – 下索布文" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Srjejźne mórjo" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="भूमध्य सागर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भूमध्य सागर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Μεσόγειος Θάλασσα – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεσόγειος Θάλασσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AAr_Mediter%C3%A0ni" title="Mêr Mediteràni – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Mêr Mediteràni" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mediterranean Sea" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediteraneo" title="Mediteraneo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A1neo" title="Mar Mediterráneo – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mar Mediterráneo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahemeri" title="Vahemeri – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vahemeri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterraneoa" title="Mediterraneoa – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mediterraneoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Mediterr%C3%A1neu" title="Mari Mediterráneu – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mari Mediterráneu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="دریای مدیترانه – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریای مدیترانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4limeri" title="Välimeri – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Välimeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaih%C3%B5meri" title="Vaihõmeri – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vaihõmeri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B0jar%C3%B0arhavi%C3%B0" title="Miðjarðarhavið – 法羅文" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Miðjarðarhavið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e" title="Mer Méditerranée – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mer Méditerranée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_M%C3%A8dit%C3%A8rran%C3%AA" title="Mar Mèditèrranê – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mar Mèditèrranê" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madlunsia" title="Madlunsia – 北弗里西亞文" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Madlunsia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middell%C3%A2nske_See" title="Middellânske See – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Middellânske See" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Mhe%C3%A1nmhuir" title="An Mheánmhuir – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Mheánmhuir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海 – 贛語" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="地中海" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="贛語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanm%C3%A8_M%C3%A9dit%C3%A9ran%C3%A9" title="Lanmè Méditérané – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanmè Méditérané" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_Muir_Meadhan-th%C3%ACreach" title="Am Muir Meadhan-thìreach – 蘇格蘭蓋爾文" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Am Muir Meadhan-thìreach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭蓋爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A1neo" title="Mar Mediterráneo – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mar Mediterráneo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para_Yvy_mbyt%C3%A9pe" title="Para Yvy mbytépe – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Para Yvy mbytépe" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Veanvooir" title="Yn Veanvooir – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Veanvooir" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahar_Rum" title="Bahar Rum – 豪撒文" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bahar Rum" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪撒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi-ch%C3%BBng-h%C3%B3i" title="Thi-chûng-hói – 客家話" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thi-chûng-hói" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家話" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F" title="הים התיכון – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הים התיכון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="भूमध्य सागर – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भूमध्य सागर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mediterranean Sea" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredozemno_more" title="Sredozemno more – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sredozemno more" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srjed%C5%BAne_morjo" title="Srjedźne morjo – 上索布文" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Srjedźne morjo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6ldk%C3%B6zi-tenger" title="Földközi-tenger – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Földközi-tenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Միջերկրական ծով – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջերկրական ծով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BE%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Միջերկրական Ծով – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Միջերկրական Ծով" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterranee" title="Mar Mediterranee – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mar Mediterranee" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasik_Mediterranean" title="Tasik Mediterranean – 伊班文" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Tasik Mediterranean" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Tengah" title="Laut Tengah – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laut Tengah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterraneo" title="Mediterraneo – 國際文（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mediterraneo" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="國際文（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="正文"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybay_Mediteraneo" title="Baybay Mediteraneo – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baybay Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AE%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Лаьттан Юкъера форд – 印古什文" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Лаьттан Юкъера форд" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediteraneo" title="Mediteraneo – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B0jar%C3%B0arhafi%C3%B0" title="Miðjarðarhafið – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Miðjarðarhafið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterraneo" title="Mar Mediterraneo – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mar Mediterraneo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地中海" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meditarienian_Sii" title="Meditarienian Sii – 牙買加克裏奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Meditarienian Sii" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克裏奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mijytu%27a_xamsi" title="mijytu'a xamsi – 邏輯文" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mijytu'a xamsi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="邏輯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagara_Tengah" title="Sagara Tengah – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sagara Tengah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ხმელთაშუა ზღვა – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხმელთაშუა ზღვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer_orta_te%C5%84izi" title="Jer orta teńizi – 卡拉卡爾帕克文" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Jer orta teńizi" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡爾帕克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilel_Agrakal" title="Ilel Agrakal – 卡比爾文" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ilel Agrakal" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡比爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D3%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%A5%D1%8B" title="ЩӀылъэку Хы – 卡巴爾達文" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ЩӀылъэку Хы" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴爾達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediteranee_Te%C5%8Bgu" title="Mediteranee Teŋgu – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mediteranee Teŋgu" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyai_A%CC%B1sa%CC%B1khwot_Meditaroniya" title="Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Meditaroniya – 卡塔布文" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Meditaroniya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawok_Mediterania" title="Lawok Mediterania – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Lawok Mediterania" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Жерорта теңізі – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жерорта теңізі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%81" title="សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ាណេ – 高棉文" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ាណេ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಮೆಡಿಟರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸಮುದ್ರ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೆಡಿಟರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸಮುದ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A4%91%ED%95%B4" title="지중해 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지중해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%88%D3%A7%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7" title="Мушӧр саридз – 科米-彼爾米亞克文" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Мушӧр саридз" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼爾米亞克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deryaya_Nav%C3%AEn" title="Deryaya Navîn – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Deryaya Navîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor_Kres" title="Mor Kres – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mor Kres" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Жер ортолук деңиз – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жер ортолук деңиз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Mediterraneum" title="Mare Mediterraneum – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mare Mediterraneum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterranea" title="Mar Mediterranea – 拉迪諾文" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Mar Mediterranea" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪諾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABttelmier" title="Mëttelmier – 盧森堡文" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mëttelmier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="盧森堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediteraneo" title="Mar Mediteraneo – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mar Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea – 干達文" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Mediterranean Sea" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="干達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middellandse_Zie" title="Middellandse Zie – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Middellandse Zie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2_Mediterraneo" title="Mâ Mediterraneo – 利古里亞文" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Mâ Mediterraneo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer_Mediteran" title="Mer Mediteran – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mer Mediteran" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterrani" title="Mar Mediterrani – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mar Mediterrani" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediteran%C3%A9" title="Mediterané – 林加拉文" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mediterané" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%99" title="ທະເລເມດີແຕຣາເນ – 寮文" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທະເລເມດີແຕຣາເນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="寮文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidur%C5%BEemio_j%C5%ABra" title="Viduržemio jūra – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Viduržemio jūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidusj%C5%ABra" title="Vidusjūra – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vidusjūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="भूमध्य सागर – 邁蒂利文" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भूमध्य सागर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="邁蒂利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranomasina_Mediteranea" title="Ranomasina Mediteranea – 馬拉加什文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ranomasina Mediteranea" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬拉加什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A5%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Мландыпокшел теҥыз – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мландыпокшел теҥыз" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauik_Mediterania" title="Lauik Mediterania – 米南卡堡文" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Lauik Mediterania" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南卡堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Средоземно Море – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Средоземно Море" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%BF" title="മദ്ധ്യധരണ്യാഴി – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മദ്ധ്യധരണ്യാഴി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Газар дундын тэнгис – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Газар дундын тэнгис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भूमध्य समुद्र – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भूमध्य समुद्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%B1%D0%BB%D3%93%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%B9_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B6" title="Мӱлӓндӹ лоштыш тангыж – 西馬裏文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Мӱлӓндӹ лоштыш тангыж" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬裏文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Mediterranean" title="Laut Mediterranean – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laut Mediterranean" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterran" title="Mediterran – 馬爾他文" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mediterran" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="馬爾他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A1neo" title="Mar Mediterráneo – 米蘭德斯文" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Mar Mediterráneo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米蘭德斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B2%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="မြေထဲပင်လယ် – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြေထဲပင်လယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="مدیترانه دریا – 馬贊德蘭文" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مدیترانه دریا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="馬贊德蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterraneo" title="Mar Mediterraneo – 拿波里文" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mar Mediterraneo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="拿波里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middellannsche_See" title="Middellannsche See – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Middellannsche See" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middellaanse_Zee" title="Middellaanse Zee – 低地薩克遜文" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Middellaanse Zee" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低地薩克遜文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="भूमध्य सागर – 尼泊爾文" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भूमध्य सागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="मेडिटेरेनियन सागर – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मेडिटेरेनियन सागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middellandse_Zee" title="Middellandse Zee – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Middellandse Zee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelhavet" title="Middelhavet – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Middelhavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelhavet" title="Middelhavet – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Middelhavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9_du_Mitan" title="Mé du Mitan – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mé du Mitan" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay%C3%B3%C3%B3%CA%BC%C3%A1t%CA%BC%C3%A9_T%C3%B3nteel" title="Ayóóʼátʼé Tónteel – 納瓦霍文" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ayóóʼátʼé Tónteel" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="納瓦霍文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyanja_Yamchere" title="Nyanja Yamchere – 尼揚賈文" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Nyanja Yamchere" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="尼揚賈文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="正文"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a" title="Mar Mediterranèa – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mar Mediterranèa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaana_Meditiraaniyaanii" title="Galaana Meditiraaniyaanii – 奧羅莫文" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Galaana Meditiraaniyaanii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奧羅莫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%C3%A6%D1%83%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Зæххастæуы денджыз – 奧塞提文" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Зæххастæуы денджыз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奧塞提文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਭੂਮੱਧ ਸਾਗਰ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੂਮੱਧ ਸਾਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterraneo_Dayat_Malat" title="Mediterraneo Dayat Malat – 潘帕嘉文" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Mediterraneo Dayat Malat" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="潘帕嘉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Mediter%C3%A1neo" title="Laman Mediteráneo – 帕皮阿門托文" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Laman Mediteráneo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿門托文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8r_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A8e" title="Mèr Méditerranèe – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Mèr Méditerranèe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morze_%C5%9Ar%C3%B3dziemne" title="Morze Śródziemne – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morze Śródziemne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterani" title="Mar Mediterani – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mar Mediterani" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="رومی سمندر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رومی سمندر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Μεσόγειον Θάλασσα – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Μεσόγειον Θάλασσα" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%90_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AB%DB%8C" title="مدیترانې سمندرګی – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مدیترانې سمندرګی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A2neo" title="Mar Mediterrâneo – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mar Mediterrâneo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allpapura_hatun_qucha" title="Allpapura hatun qucha – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Allpapura hatun qucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterrana" title="Mar Mediterrana – 羅曼斯文" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Mar Mediterrana" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="羅曼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marea_Mediteran%C4%83" title="Marea Mediterană – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marea Mediterană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarea_Mediteran%C3%A2" title="Amarea Mediteranâ – 羅馬尼亞語系" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Amarea Mediteranâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞語系" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8e" title="Mar Mediterranèe – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Mar Mediterranèe" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Средиземное море – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Средиземное море" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Середоземне море – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Середоземне море" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%95%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%95%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Сир ортотунааҕы байҕал – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сир ортотунааҕы байҕал" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ – 散塔利文" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="散塔利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Mediterr%C3%A0neu" title="Mare Mediterràneu – 撒丁文" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Mare Mediterràneu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="撒丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Meditirr%C3%A0niu" title="Mari Meditirràniu – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mari Meditirràniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterrane_Sea" title="Mediterrane Sea – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mediterrane Sea" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_(%DA%80%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%DA%86)_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%DA%8A" title="رومي (ڀونوچ) سمنڊ – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رومي (ڀونوچ) سمنڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredozemno_more" title="Sredozemno more – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sredozemno more" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ill_Agrakal" title="Ill Agrakal – 希爾哈文" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ill Agrakal" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希爾哈文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF" title="මධ්‍යධරණී මුහුද – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මධ්‍යධරණී මුහුද" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mediterranean Sea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stredozemn%C3%A9_more" title="Stredozemné more – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stredozemné more" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredozemsko_morje" title="Sredozemsko morje – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sredozemsko morje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosk%C3%A2meer%C3%A2" title="Koskâmeerâ – 伊納裡薩米文" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Koskâmeerâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊納裡薩米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhahari_re_Medhiteraniya" title="Bhahari re Medhiteraniya – 塞內加爾文" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhahari re Medhiteraniya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="塞內加爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bada_Dhexe" title="Bada Dhexe – 索馬利文" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bada Dhexe" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索馬利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deti_Mesdhe" title="Deti Mesdhe – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Deti Mesdhe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Средоземно море – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Средоземно море" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea – 塞索托文" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Mediterranean Sea" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="塞索托文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelmeer" title="Middelmeer – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Middelmeer" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Tengah" title="Laut Tengah – 巽他文" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Laut Tengah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medelhavet" title="Medelhavet – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Medelhavet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahari_ya_Mediteranea" title="Bahari ya Mediteranea – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bahari ya Mediteranea" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strz%C5%AFd%C5%BAymne_Morze" title="Strzůdźymne Morze – 西利西亞文" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Strzůdźymne Morze" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நடுநிலக் கடல் – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நடுநிலக் கடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="మధ్యధరా సముద్రం – 泰盧固文" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మధ్యధరా సముద్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰盧固文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Баҳри миёназамин – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Баҳри миёназамин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ทะเลเมดิเตอร์เรเนียน – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทะเลเมดิเตอร์เรเนียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orta%C3%BDer_de%C5%88zi" title="Ortaýer deňzi – 土庫曼文" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ortaýer deňzi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土庫曼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Mediteraneo" title="Dagat Mediteraneo – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dagat Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akdeniz" title="Akdeniz – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Akdeniz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwandle_ra_Meditera" title="Lwandle ra Meditera – 特松加文" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Lwandle ra Meditera" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="特松加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Урта диңгез – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Урта диңгез" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Средиземной зарезь – 沃蒂艾克文" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Средиземной зарезь" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="沃蒂艾克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%90%DA%AD%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%89" title="يەر ئوتتۇرا دېڭىزى – 維吾爾文" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يەر ئوتتۇرا دېڭىزى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="維吾爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Середземне море – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Середземне море" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="بحیرہ روم – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحیرہ روم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CA%BBrta_yer_dengizi" title="Oʻrta yer dengizi – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻrta yer dengizi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Mediteraneo" title="Mar Mediteraneo – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mar Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keskmeri" title="Keskmeri – 維普森文" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Keskmeri" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="維普森文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_Trung_H%E1%BA%A3i" title="Địa Trung Hải – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Địa Trung Hải" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middellandsche_Z%C3%AAe" title="Middellandsche Zêe – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Middellandsche Zêe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A4nodamel" title="Zänodamel – 沃拉普克文" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Zänodamel" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AEtrinne_Mer" title="Mîtrinne Mer – 瓦隆文" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mîtrinne Mer" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Mediteraneo" title="Dagat Mediteraneo – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dagat Mediteraneo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ej_gu_Diggu" title="Géej gu Diggu – 沃洛夫文" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Géej gu Diggu" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地中海" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="სქირონაშქა ზუღა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სქირონაშქა ზუღა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מיטלענדישער ים – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מיטלענדישער ים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92kun_M%E1%BA%B9dit%C3%A9r%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Òkun Mẹditéránì – 約魯巴文" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òkun Mẹditéránì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="約魯巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middellanse_Ze%C3%AA" title="Middellanse Zeê – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Middellanse Zeê" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%8D_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D" title="ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ – 標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地中海" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="地中海" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-tiong-h%C3%A1i" title="Tē-tiong-hái – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-tiong-hái" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4918#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4918" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%90%9E%E6%B8%85%E6%A5%9A" title="Wikipedia:搞清楚"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>  <small>想搵第二個意思嘅話，請睇<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7_(%E6%90%9E%E6%B8%85%E6%A5%9A)" class="mw-disambig" title="地中海 (搞清楚)">地中海 (搞清楚)</a></b></small><small>。</small></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg/220px-Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg/330px-Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg/440px-Mediterranean_Sea_political_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2046" data-file-height="1496" /></a><figcaption>地中海嘅衛星地圖</figcaption></figure> <p><b>地中海</b>係一個北面俾<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>大陸，南面俾<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>大陸同東面俾<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="亞洲">亞洲</a>大陸圍住嘅海。由東至西約莫有4000公里，南北最闊嘅地方就大概有1800公里，面積有251.6萬平方公里，係世界上最大嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="內陸海 (無呢版)">內陸海</a>。地中海西邊，經過<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E9%99%80%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD" title="直布羅陀海峽">直布羅陀海峽</a>，同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a>相連，而東面就通過<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="土耳其海峽">土耳其海峽</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>相連。19世紀，埃及嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%BD%9D%E5%A3%AB%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3" title="蘇彝士運河">蘇彝士運河</a>開通咗，地中海就連接埋落<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E6%B5%B7" title="紅海">紅海</a>。地中海係世界上最古老嘅海域之一。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="得名"><span id=".E5.BE.97.E5.90.8D"></span>得名</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 得名"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>地中海，英文名係<b>Mediterranean Sea</b>，嚟自<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>嘅<b>mediterraneus</b>，表示喺「陸地嘅中間」（medius表示中間，而terra表示陸地）。呢個名好貼切噉形容地中海嘅地理形勢狀況。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 歷史"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E5%98%85%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地中海地區嘅歷史 (無呢版)">地中海地區嘅歷史</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古代文明"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3.E6.96.87.E6.98.8E"></span>古代文明</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 古代文明"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AntikeGriechen1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/AntikeGriechen1.jpg/390px-AntikeGriechen1.jpg" decoding="async" width="390" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/AntikeGriechen1.jpg/585px-AntikeGriechen1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/AntikeGriechen1.jpg/780px-AntikeGriechen1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2836" data-file-height="1616" /></a><figcaption>公元前6世紀左右嘅希臘（紅色）同腓尼基（黃色）<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古代殖民地 (無呢版)">古代殖民地</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png/390px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png/585px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png/780px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png 2x" data-file-width="2534" data-file-height="1614" /></a><figcaption><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="border:1px solid black;display:inline-block; height:1.5em; margin:1px; text-align:center; background: #b23938;color:black;font-size:small; width:1.5em"> </span> 公元117年時<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a>喺最廣闊嘅時候</div></figcaption></figure> <p>主要嘅古代文明都喺地中海附近。呢個海提供咗貿易、殖民同埋打仗嘅路線，仲有食物（包括捕魚同埋收集其他海產）畀唔同年代嘅好多社區。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>最早嘅先進文明喺地中海係<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="古埃及">埃及人</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="米諾斯文明">米諾斯人</a>，佢哋之間做咗好多貿易。其他值得注意嘅文明就係稍後出現嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E6%A2%AF%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫梯人 (無呢版)">赫梯人</a>同其他<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安納托利亞人 (無呢版)">安納托利亞人</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="腓尼基人 (無呢版)">腓尼基人</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%81%E9%8C%AB%E5%B0%BC%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邁錫尼希臘 (無呢版)">邁錫尼希臘</a>。大約公元前1200年，東地中海受到<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E5%B4%A9%E6%BD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="青銅時代崩潰 (無呢版)">青銅時代崩潰</a>嘅嚴重影響，導致好多城市同貿易路線都被毀滅。 </p><p>喺古代最出名嘅地中海文明就係<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" title="古希臘">希臘</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="城邦">城邦</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="腓尼基人 (無呢版)">腓尼基人</a>，佢哋都喺地中海沿岸大規模殖民。 </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%98%85%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%81%E5%A3%AB%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波斯嘅大流士一世 (無呢版)">波斯嘅大流士一世</a>征服咗古埃及，佢建造咗一條運河連接<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E6%B5%B7" title="紅海">紅海</a>同尼羅河，所以就連埋地中海。大流士嘅運河闊到可以容許兩艘<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%88%97%E6%A7%B3%E5%BA%A7%E6%88%B0%E8%88%B9" title="三列槳座戰船">三列槳座戰船</a>並排通過，仲要用四日先過得晒。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>經過公元前3世紀同2世紀嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8C%BF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="布匿戰爭">布匿戰爭</a>之後，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬共和國">羅馬共和國</a>打敗咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%A6%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迦太基人 (無呢版)">迦太基人</a>，成為地中海嘅主要勢力。當<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD" title="奧古斯都">奧古斯都</a>建立咗<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a>之後，羅馬人就叫地中海做「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%91%E5%93%8B%E5%98%85%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="我哋嘅海 (無呢版)">我哋嘅海</a>」（拉丁文：Mare Nostrum）。之後嘅400年，羅馬帝國完全控制咗地中海同幾乎所有由直布羅陀到黎凡特嘅沿海地區，成為歷史上唯一做到呢樣嘢嘅國家，仲被叫做「羅馬湖」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中世紀同帝國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E5.90.8C.E5.B8.9D.E5.9C.8B"></span>中世紀同帝國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 中世紀同帝國"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西羅馬帝國">西羅馬帝國</a>大約喺公元476年崩潰。東邊再次成為主導，因為羅馬嘅勢力喺4世紀由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a>嘅東半部形成嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="拜占庭帝國">拜占庭帝國</a>度延續落去。雖然東羅馬帝國會繼續控制幾乎成個地中海，但係喺7世紀又出現咗另一個勢力，同埋<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a>呢個宗教，好快就由東面橫掃過嚟；喺佢哋最大嘅時候，阿拉伯人喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AD%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="倭馬亞王朝">倭馬亞人</a>嘅統治下控制咗大部分地中海地區，喺東面同南面留低咗持久嘅影響。 </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早期穆斯林征服 (無呢版)">阿拉伯人嘅入侵</a>打亂咗西歐同東歐之間嘅貿易關係，仲中斷咗同東亞帝國嘅貿易路線。但係，呢樣嘢間接促進咗經過<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%8F%E6%B5%B7" title="裏海">裏海</a>嘅貿易。由<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>出口嘅穀物改道去咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東方世界 (無呢版)">東方世界</a>。嚟自東亞帝國嘅產品，好似絲綢同香料，就由水手同猶太商人由埃及運去<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="威尼斯共和國">威尼斯</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a>呢啲港口。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%AC%E4%BA%BA%E6%93%B4%E5%BC%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維京人擴張 (無呢版)">維京人嘅襲擊</a>進一步打亂咗西歐嘅貿易，令佢停頓。不過，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E4%BA%BA" title="挪威人">挪威人</a>發展咗由挪威到<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7" title="白海">白海</a>嘅貿易，仲做埋由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E9%81%94%E9%AD%AF%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安達魯西亞 (無呢版)">西班牙</a>同地中海嚟嘅奢侈品貿易。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E8%96%A9%E7%83%8F%E9%87%8C%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%8B%E5%98%85%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊薩烏里王朝統治下嘅拜占庭帝國 (無呢版)">拜占庭人喺8世紀中</a>重新控制咗地中海東北部附近嘅地區。威尼斯嘅船喺9世紀開始武裝自己，對抗阿拉伯人嘅騷擾，同時將亞洲貨物嘅貿易集中喺威尼斯。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Lepanto_1571.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1341" /></a><figcaption>1571年嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%92%E7%8F%AD%E9%99%80%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勒班陀戰役 (無呢版)">勒班陀戰役</a>，歐洲嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%EF%BC%881571%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神聖同盟（1571年） (無呢版)">神聖同盟</a>戰勝咗<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="鄂圖曼帝國">鄂圖曼土耳其人</a>。</figcaption></figure> <p>根據<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%8B%E7%BE%85%E8%97%8F%E7%B6%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="開羅藏經 (無呢版)">開羅藏經</a>嘅文件，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%91%AA%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="法蒂瑪王朝">法蒂瑪王朝</a>喺十字軍東征之前同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%8F%B2%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿馬爾菲公國 (無呢版)">阿馬爾菲</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="熱那亞共和國">熱那亞</a>呢啲<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利城邦 (無呢版)">意大利城邦</a>保持住貿易關係。一份喺996年嘅文件提到有阿馬爾菲商人住喺<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E7%BE%85" title="開羅">開羅</a>。另一封信就講到熱那亞人同<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%AF" title="亞歷山大港">亞歷山大港</a>做過貿易。大約喺1060年，哈里發<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A5%BF%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬阿德·穆斯坦西爾·比拉 (無呢版)">穆斯坦西爾</a>准許阿馬爾菲嘅商人喺<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>居住，取代咗拉丁嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%A2%E6%A3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="客棧 (無呢版)">客棧</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征">十字軍東征</a>令到歐洲同<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海外 (無呢版)">海外</a></i>地區（即係十字軍控制嘅地方）之間嘅貿易興旺起嚟。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>熱那亞、威尼斯同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E8%96%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比薩共和國 (無呢版)">比薩</a>喺十字軍控制嘅地區建立咗殖民地，開始控制同東方嘅貿易。呢啲殖民地仲畀佢哋可以同東方世界做貿易。雖然十字軍國家嘅滅亡同教皇嘗試禁止同穆斯林國家嘅貿易關係暫時打亂咗同東方嘅貿易，但係佢最後都繼續落去。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="十二世紀文藝復興 (無呢版)">十二世紀文藝復興</a>之後嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>後期，歐洲開始復興，因為更有組織同中央集權嘅國家開始形成。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Engels-Nederlandse_vloot_in_de_Baai_van_Algiers_ter_ondersteuning_van_het_ultimatum_tot_vrijlating_van_blanke_slaven,_26_augustus_1816._Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1377.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/De_Engels-Nederlandse_vloot_in_de_Baai_van_Algiers_ter_ondersteuning_van_het_ultimatum_tot_vrijlating_van_blanke_slaven%2C_26_augustus_1816._Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1377.jpeg/220px-thumbnail.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/De_Engels-Nederlandse_vloot_in_de_Baai_van_Algiers_ter_ondersteuning_van_het_ultimatum_tot_vrijlating_van_blanke_slaven%2C_26_augustus_1816._Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1377.jpeg/330px-thumbnail.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/De_Engels-Nederlandse_vloot_in_de_Baai_van_Algiers_ter_ondersteuning_van_het_ultimatum_tot_vrijlating_van_blanke_slaven%2C_26_augustus_1816._Rijksmuseum_SK-A-1377.jpeg/440px-thumbnail.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="2061" /></a><figcaption>1816年8月，英荷聯合艦隊<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%82%AE%E8%BD%9F%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8F%8A%E7%88%BE%EF%BC%881816%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="炮轟阿爾及爾（1816年） (無呢版)">炮轟阿爾及爾</a>，要求釋放歐洲奴隸</figcaption></figure> <p>以安納托利亞為基地嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="鄂圖曼帝國">鄂圖曼</a>勢力繼續增長，喺1453年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BB%E9%99%B7%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="攻陷君士坦丁堡 (無呢版)">攻陷君士坦丁堡</a>，滅亡咗拜占庭帝國。喺16世紀，鄂圖曼人控制咗呢個海嘅大部分東面，仲喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%84%82%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%BC%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%9F%E5%80%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鄂圖曼佔領土倫 (無呢版)">南法</a>（1543-1544年）、阿爾及利亞同突尼斯設立咗海軍基地。鄂圖曼船長<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E9%9B%B7%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%85%E8%96%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海雷丁·巴巴羅薩 (無呢版)">巴巴羅薩</a>喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E9%9F%8B%E6%89%8E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普雷韋扎戰役 (無呢版)">普雷韋扎戰役</a>（1538年）獲勝，成為呢個統治嘅象徵。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%91%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="傑爾巴戰役 (無呢版)">傑爾巴戰役</a>（1560年）標誌住鄂圖曼海軍喺東地中海稱霸嘅頂峰。隨住歐洲列強嘅海軍實力增強，佢哋開始對抗鄂圖曼人喺呢個地區嘅擴張，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%92%E7%8F%AD%E9%99%80%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勒班陀戰役 (無呢版)">勒班陀戰役</a>（1571年）就遏制咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%84%82%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%BC%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鄂圖曼海軍 (無呢版)">鄂圖曼海軍</a>嘅力量。呢個係最後一場主要由<a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%B3%E5%B8%86%E8%88%B9" title="槳帆船">槳帆船</a>打嘅海戰。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="西北非洲">西北非洲</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%8C%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="巴巴里海盜">巴巴里海盜</a>喺西地中海襲擊基督教船隻同海岸。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>根據羅拔·戴維斯嘅講法，由16世紀到19世紀，海盜擄走咗100萬到125萬歐洲人做奴隸。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>海洋航運嘅發展開始影響成個地中海。以前，西歐同東方之間嘅大部分貿易都經過呢個地區，但係喺1490年代之後，通往印度洋嘅海路發展令到亞洲嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%99%E6%96%99%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="香料貿易 (無呢版)">香料</a>同其他貨物可以經過西歐嘅大西洋港口入口。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>呢片海仲係有戰略重要性嘅。英國對<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E9%99%80" title="直布羅陀">直布羅陀</a>嘅控制確保咗佢哋喺非洲同西南亞嘅影響力。特別係喺阿布基爾（1799年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E7%BE%85%E6%B2%B3%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼羅河戰役 (無呢版)">尼羅河戰役</a>）同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E5%8A%A0%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特拉法加戰役 (無呢版)">特拉法加</a>（1805年）呢啲海戰之後，英國喺地中海嘅優勢地位維持咗好耐。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>戰爭包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%98%85%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一次世界大戰期間地中海嘅海戰 (無呢版)">第一次世界大戰期間地中海嘅海戰</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次世界大戰地中海戰區 (無呢版)">第二次世界大戰地中海戰區</a>。 </p><p>1869年<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E4%BC%8A%E5%A3%AB%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇伊士運河">蘇伊士運河</a>開通，冇水閘嘅設計令到歐洲同亞洲之間嘅貿易流向根本上改變咗。而家最快嘅路線就係經過地中海去東非同亞洲。呢個令到地中海國家同佢哋啲港口，好似<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8C%E9%9B%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="的里雅斯特">的里雅斯特</a>呢啲直接連接中歐同東歐嘅港口，經歷咗急速嘅經濟增長。喺20世紀，第一次同第二次世界大戰，仲有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E4%BC%8A%E5%A3%AB%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇伊士危機 (無呢版)">蘇伊士危機</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" title="冷戰">冷戰</a>，令到貿易路線轉移到歐洲北部嘅港口，但係因為歐洲一體化、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B2%E7%B6%A2%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="絲綢之路">絲綢之路</a>嘅重新啟動同自由世界貿易，呢個情況又再次改變，轉返去南部嘅港口。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21世紀同移民"><span id="21.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E5.90.8C.E7.A7.BB.E6.B0.91"></span>21世紀同移民</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 21世紀同移民"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">想知多啲：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="歐洲難民危機">歐洲難民危機</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地中海移民船事故列表 (無呢版)">地中海移民船事故列表</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F%E5%98%85%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲難民危機嘅時間線 (無呢版)">歐洲難民危機嘅時間線</a></div><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 272px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 270px; height: 110px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -265px; left: -1055px; width: 2200px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BlackMarble20161km.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BlackMarble20161km.jpg/2200px-BlackMarble20161km.jpg" decoding="async" width="2200" height="1100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BlackMarble20161km.jpg/3300px-BlackMarble20161km.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BlackMarble20161km.jpg/4400px-BlackMarble20161km.jpg 2x" data-file-width="43200" data-file-height="21600" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:BlackMarble20161km.jpg" title="File:BlackMarble20161km.jpg"> </a></div>夜晚嘅地中海<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="衛星圖像">衛星圖像</a> </div> </div> </div> <p>2013年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="馬耳他">馬耳他</a>總統將地中海形容為「墳場」，因為有大量移民喺佢哋嘅船翻側之後淹死咗喺度。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" title="歐洲議會">歐洲議會</a>主席<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%88%92%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬丁·舒爾茨 (無呢版)">馬丁·舒爾茨</a>喺2014年話歐洲嘅移民政策「將地中海變成咗墳場」，呢個係講緊因為呢啲政策直接導致好多難民喺呢個地區淹死。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一個阿塞拜疆官員將呢個海形容為「一個墳場...人哋喺度死亡」。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=2013%E5%B9%B4%E8%98%AD%E4%BD%A9%E6%9D%9C%E8%96%A9%E5%B3%B6%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91%E8%88%B9%E9%9B%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013年蘭佩杜薩島移民船難 (無呢版)">2013年蘭佩杜薩島移民船難</a>之後，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E5%A1%94%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊塔內閣 (無呢版)">意大利政府</a>決定加強佢哋國家巡邏地中海嘅系統，授權進行「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="我們的海行動 (無呢版)">我們的海行動</a>」，呢個係一個軍事同人道主義嘅任務，目的係拯救移民同拘捕人口販子。喺2015年，超過100萬移民經過地中海去到歐洲。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>意大利特別受到<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="歐洲難民危機">歐洲難民危機</a>嘅影響。由2013年開始，超過70萬移民到咗意大利，<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>主要係撒哈拉以南非洲嘅人。<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="沿岸嘅國"><span id=".E6.B2.BF.E5.B2.B8.E5.98.85.E5.9C.8B"></span>沿岸嘅國</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 沿岸嘅國"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>國：（從西至東排）<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國">法國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%B4%8D%E5%93%A5" title="摩納哥">摩納哥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="馬耳他">馬耳他</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="斯洛文尼亞">斯洛文尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E" title="克羅地亞">克羅地亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E9%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="波黑">波黑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1" title="黑山">黑山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="阿爾巴尼亞">阿爾巴尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" title="希臘">希臘</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="亞洲">亞洲</a>國家：（從北至南排）<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="敘利亞">敘利亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%B5%A6%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF" title="塞浦路斯">塞浦路斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="巴勒斯坦國">巴勒斯坦</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>國：（從東至西排）<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" title="利比亞">利比亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="突尼西亞">突尼西亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="阿爾及利亞">阿爾及利亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5" title="摩洛哥">摩洛哥</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="疏仕"><span id=".E7.96.8F.E4.BB.95"></span>疏仕</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: 疏仕"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2018312">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2018311">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%89%88" class="extiw" title="commons:頭版">維基同享</a>有多媒體嘅嘢： <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" class="extiw" title="commons:Mediterranean Sea">地中海</a></b>（<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mediterranean_Sea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mediterranean Sea">類</a>）</div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2018312"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2018311"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%89%88" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:頭版">維基遊埠</a>有呢篇旅遊嘅資源：<b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/zh:%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:zh:地中海">地中海</a></b></div></div> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="世界10個面積最大嘅海" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C10%E5%80%8B%E9%9D%A2%E7%A9%8D%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%98%85%E6%B5%B7" title="Template:世界10個面積最大嘅海"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C10%E5%80%8B%E9%9D%A2%E7%A9%8D%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%98%85%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:世界10個面積最大嘅海 (無呢版)"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C10%E5%80%8B%E9%9D%A2%E7%A9%8D%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%98%85%E6%B5%B7&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="世界10個面積最大嘅海" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">世界10個面積最大嘅海</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A%E6%B5%B7" title="珊瑚海">珊瑚海</a> <small>（4,791,000km²）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%89%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="阿剌伯海">阿剌伯海</a> <small>（3,860,000km²）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7" title="南中國海">南中國海</a> <small>（3,500,000km²）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E6%B5%B7" title="威德爾海">威德爾海</a> <small>（2,890,000km²）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E6%B5%B7" title="加勒比海">加勒比海</a> <small>（2,640,000km²）</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">地中海</a> <small>（2,505,000km²）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%B5%B7" title="白令海">白令海</a> <small>（2,315,000km²）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E6%B5%B7" title="塔斯曼海">塔斯曼海</a> <small>（2,300,000km²）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E8%8D%B7%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%B5%B7" title="鄂荷次克海">鄂荷次克海</a> <small>（1,603,000km²）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%80%AB%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%B7" title="巴倫支海">巴倫支海</a> <small>（1,405,000km²）</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="權威控制" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="權威控制" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%A8%81%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="權威控制">權威控制</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="extiw" title="en:Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/239897976">239897976</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="extiw" title="en:Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85083236">sh85083236</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="extiw" title="en:Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4074895-9">4074895-9</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIBRIS" class="extiw" title="en:LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//libris.kb.se/auth/153712">153712</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933509p">cb11933509p</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933509p">資料</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%B3%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="extiw" title="ja:国立国会図書館">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573122">00573122</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="extiw" title="en:National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134513&CON_LNG=ENG">ge134513</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2190673">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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.saan1{display:inline-block;width:0;height:0;font-size:0.1px;color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .fan1gaak3{font-size:0.125px}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4+.pin1ming4,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4+.syu1ming4,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4+.pin1ming4,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4+.syu1ming4,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4+.zyun1ming4{margin-left:0.0833em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.05em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .hai2zeoi3tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .hai2zeoi3tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0.14em 0 0.05em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0.14em 0 0)}.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf?"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf#"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF?"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF#"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf?"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf#"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF?"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF#"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1{width:unset;font-size:unset}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.zi6:after{overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0)}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0.14em 0 0 0)}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.5em)}.mw-parser-output .fan1gaak3+.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.1em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{position:absolute;align-self:baseline;margin-left:-1em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after{padding-top:1em;content:"﹋"}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after{content:"︳";transform-origin:bottom left;transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.35em)}.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{padding-top:0.6em;content:"·";width:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .koen1zo2,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Abulafia2011" class="citation book cs1">David Abulafia (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatseahumanhis0000abul_o4t7"><i>The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (無呢版)">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Sea%3A+A+Human+History+of+the+Mediterranean&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.au=David+Abulafia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatseahumanhis0000abul_o4t7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rappoport, S. (Doctor of Philosophy, Basel). History of Egypt (undated, early 20th century), Volume 12, Part B, Chapter V: "The Waterways of Egypt", pp. 248–257 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofegyptch12masp#page/248/mode/2up">online</a>). London: The Grolier Society.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFCouper2015" class="citation book cs1">Couper, Alastair (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WFVACwAAQBAJ&q=The+Geography+of+Sea+Transport&pg=PA37"><i>The Geography of Sea Transport</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 33–37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-317-35150-4" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-317-35150-4"><bdi>978-1-317-35150-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geography+of+Sea+Transport&rft.pages=33-37&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-35150-4&rft.aulast=Couper&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWFVACwAAQBAJ%26q%3DThe%2BGeography%2Bof%2BSea%2BTransport%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFBalard2003" class="citation book cs1">Balard, Michel (2003). Bull, Marcus Graham; Edbury, Peter; Phillips, Jonathan (編). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JEN-0A3icQUC&q=amalfi+cairo&pg=PA233"><i>The Experience of Crusading, Volume 2 – Defining the Crusader Kingdom</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 23–35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-78151-0" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-521-78151-0"><bdi>978-0-521-78151-0</bdi></a>. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240101145302/https://books.google.com/books?id=JEN-0A3icQUC&q=amalfi+cairo&pg=PA233#v=snippet&q=amalfi%20cairo&f=false">歸檔</a>喺1 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2020搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Experience+of+Crusading%2C+Volume+2+%E2%80%93+Defining+the+Crusader+Kingdom&rft.pages=23-35&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-78151-0&rft.aulast=Balard&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJEN-0A3icQUC%26q%3Damalfi%2Bcairo%26pg%3DPA233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFHousley2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Housley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Housley (無呢版)">Housley, Norman</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contestingcrusad0000hous"><i>Contesting the Crusades</i></a>. Blackwell Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contestingcrusad0000hous/page/152">152</a>–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-4051-1189-8" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-4051-1189-8"><bdi>978-1-4051-1189-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contesting+the+Crusades&rft.pages=152-54&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-1189-8&rft.aulast=Housley&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontestingcrusad0000hous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFBrundage2004" class="citation book cs1">Brundage, James (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ&q=through+all+these+military+triumphs+and+reverses,+italian+merchants+constituted+the+mainstay&pg=PT303"><i>Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Routledge. p. 273. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-135-94880-1" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-135-94880-1"><bdi>978-1-135-94880-1</bdi></a>. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240101145303/https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ&q=through+all+these+military+triumphs+and+reverses,+italian+merchants+constituted+the+mainstay&pg=PT303#v=snippet&q=through%20all%20these%20military%20triumphs%20and%20reverses%2C%20italian%20merchants%20constituted%20the%20mainstay&f=false">歸檔</a>喺1 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2020搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Italy%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-135-94880-1&rft.aulast=Brundage&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE2CTAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dthrough%2Ball%2Bthese%2Bmilitary%2Btriumphs%2Band%2Breverses%2C%2Bitalian%2Bmerchants%2Bconstituted%2Bthe%2Bmainstay%26pg%3DPT303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Davis2003" class="citation book cs1">Robert Davis (5 December 2003). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trent_0116405722392"><i>Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800</i></a></span>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-333-71966-4" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-333-71966-4"><bdi>978-0-333-71966-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2013搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Slaves%2C+Muslim+Masters%3A+White+Slavery+in+the+Mediterranean%2C+the+Barbary+Coast+and+Italy%2C+1500%E2%80%931800&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2003-12-05&rft.isbn=978-0-333-71966-4&rft.au=Robert+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftrent_0116405722392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/white_slaves_01.shtml">"British Slaves on the Barbary Coast"</a>. BBC. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090208143435/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/white_slaves_02.shtml">歸檔</a>喺8 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2013搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Slaves+on+the+Barbary+Coast&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Fempire_seapower%2Fwhite_slaves_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C.I. Gable – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boglewood.com/timeline/ottomans.html">Constantinople Falls to the Ottoman Turks</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141029132035/http://www.boglewood.com/timeline/ottomans.html">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期29 October 2014. – <i> Boglewood Timeline</i> – 1998 – Retrieved 3 September 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sephardicstudies.org/ottoemp.html">"History of the Ottoman Empire, an Islamic Nation where Jews Lived"</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018040430/http://www.sephardicstudies.org/ottoemp.html">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期18 October 2014. – <i>Sephardic Studies and Culture</i> – Retrieved 3 September 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Guisepi – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Usurped&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Usurped (無呢版)">Template:Usurped</a> – 1992 – <i>History World International</i> – Retrieved 3 September 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See: Brian Lavery "Nelson's Navy: The Ships, Men, and Organization, 1793–1815" (2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Pelletier "A brief history of the Suez Canal" In: Apollo 3 July 2018; Harry de Wilt: Is One Belt, One Road a China crisis for North Sea main ports? in World Cargo News, 17. December 2019; Marcus Hernig: Die Renaissance der Seidenstraße (2018), pp 112; Hans Reis "Der Suezkanal – die wichtigste von Menschen geschaffene Wasserstrasse wurde vor 150 Jahren gebaut und war oft umkämpft" In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung 17 November 2019; Bernhard Simon: Can The New Silk Road Compete With The Maritime Silk Road? in The Maritime Executive, 1 January 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/10/13/migrant-deaths-prompt-calls-for-eu-action/">"Migrant deaths prompt calls for EU action"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera – English</i>. 13 October 2013. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220314151430/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/10/13/migrant-deaths-prompt-calls-for-eu-action/">歸檔</a>喺14 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2022搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera+%E2%80%93+English&rft.atitle=Migrant+deaths+prompt+calls+for+EU+action&rft.date=2013-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2F10%2F13%2Fmigrant-deaths-prompt-calls-for-eu-action%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://euobserver.com/tickers/121894">"Schulz: EU migrant policy 'turned Mediterranean into graveyard'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>EUobserver</i>. 24 October 2013. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141029130716/http://euobserver.com/tickers/121894">歸檔</a>喺29 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2014搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUobserver&rft.atitle=Schulz%3A+EU+migrant+policy+%27turned+Mediterranean+into+graveyard%27&rft.date=2013-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2Ftickers%2F121894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topnews.az/en/news/148766/Novruz-Mammadov-The-Mediterranean-become-a-burial-ground.html">"Novruz Mammadov: The Mediterranean become a burial ground"</a>. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925095650/http://topnews.az/en/news/148766/Novruz-Mammadov-The-Mediterranean-become-a-burial-ground.html">歸檔</a>喺25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2015搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Novruz+Mammadov%3A+The+Mediterranean+become+a+burial+ground&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftopnews.az%2Fen%2Fnews%2F148766%2FNovruz-Mammadov-The-Mediterranean-become-a-burial-ground.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2015/12/5683d0b56/million-sea-arrivals-reach-europe-2015.html">"Over one million sea arrivals reach Europe in 2015"</a>. <i>UNHCR – The UN Refugee Agency</i>. 30 December 2015. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161224084500/http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2015/12/5683d0b56/million-sea-arrivals-reach-europe-2015.html">歸檔</a>喺24 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2016搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNHCR+%E2%80%93+The+UN+Refugee+Agency&rft.atitle=Over+one+million+sea+arrivals+reach+Europe+in+2015&rft.date=2015-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fnews%2Flatest%2F2015%2F12%2F5683d0b56%2Fmillion-sea-arrivals-reach-europe-2015.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.it/20180521/what-will-italys-new-government-mean-for-migrants">"What will Italy's new government mean for migrants?"</a>. <i>The Local Italy</i>. 21 May 2018. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401231010/https://www.thelocal.it/20180521/what-will-italys-new-government-mean-for-migrants">歸檔</a>喺1 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2018搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local+Italy&rft.atitle=What+will+Italy%27s+new+government+mean+for+migrants%3F&rft.date=2018-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.it%2F20180521%2Fwhat-will-italys-new-government-mean-for-migrants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-migrants-africa/african-migrants-fear-for-future-as-italy-struggles-with-surge-in-arrivals-idUSKBN1A30QD">"African migrants fear for future as Italy struggles with surge in arrivals"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 18 July 2017. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402002627/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-migrants-africa/african-migrants-fear-for-future-as-italy-struggles-with-surge-in-arrivals-idUSKBN1A30QD">歸檔</a>喺2 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2018搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=African+migrants+fear+for+future+as+Italy+struggles+with+surge+in+arrivals&rft.date=2017-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-italy-migrants-africa%2Fafrican-migrants-fear-for-future-as-italy-struggles-with-surge-in-arrivals-idUSKBN1A30QD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">由「<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=地中海&oldid=2192494">https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=地中海&oldid=2192494</a>」收</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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