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theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/custom_retriever/">Custom Retriever</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/custom_tools/">How to create tools</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/debugging/">How to debug your LLM apps</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/document_loader_csv/">How to load CSVs</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/document_loader_directory/">How to load documents from a directory</a></li><li 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Language Cheatsheet</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/llm_caching/">How to cache LLM responses</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/llm_token_usage_tracking/">How to track token usage for LLMs</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/local_llms/">Run models locally</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/logprobs/">How to get log probabilities</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" 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breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="Home page" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" href="/docs/how_to/"><span itemprop="name">How-to guides</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">How to better prompt when doing SQL question-answering</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div style="display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-end;float:right;margin-left:12px"><a target="_blank" href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/langchain-ai/langchain/blob/master/docs/docs/how_to/sql_prompting.ipynb"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a><a href="https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/blob/master/docs/docs/how_to/sql_prompting.ipynb" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Open%20on%20GitHub-grey?logo=github&logoColor=white" alt="Open on GitHub"></a></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>How to better prompt when doing SQL question-answering</h1></header> <p>In this guide we'll go over prompting strategies to improve SQL query generation using <a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/langchain/chains/langchain.chains.sql_database.query.create_sql_query_chain.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">create_sql_query_chain</a>. We'll largely focus on methods for getting relevant database-specific information in your prompt.</p> <p>We will cover:</p> <ul> <li>How the dialect of the LangChain <a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/community/utilities/langchain_community.utilities.sql_database.SQLDatabase.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SQLDatabase</a> impacts the prompt of the chain;</li> <li>How to format schema information into the prompt using <code>SQLDatabase.get_context</code>;</li> <li>How to build and select <a href="/docs/concepts/few_shot_prompting/">few-shot examples</a> to assist the model.</li> </ul> <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="setup">Setup<a href="#setup" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Setup" title="Direct link to Setup"></a></h2> <p>First, get required packages and set environment variables:</p> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">%</span><span class="token plain">pip install </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">-</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">-</span><span class="token plain">upgrade </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">-</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">-</span><span class="token plain">quiet langchain langchain</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">-</span><span class="token plain">community langchain</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">-</span><span class="token plain">experimental langchain</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">-</span><span class="token plain">openai</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"># Uncomment the below to use LangSmith. Not required.</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"># import os</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"># os.environ["LANGSMITH_API_KEY"] = getpass.getpass()</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(0, 128, 0)"># os.environ["LANGSMITH_TRACING"] = "true"</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <p>The below example will use a SQLite connection with Chinook database. Follow <a href="https://database.guide/2-sample-databases-sqlite/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">these installation steps</a> to create <code>Chinook.db</code> in the same directory as this notebook:</p> <ul> <li>Save <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lerocha/chinook-database/master/ChinookDatabase/DataSources/Chinook_Sqlite.sql" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">this file</a> as <code>Chinook_Sqlite.sql</code></li> <li>Run <code>sqlite3 Chinook.db</code></li> <li>Run <code>.read Chinook_Sqlite.sql</code></li> <li>Test <code>SELECT * FROM Artist LIMIT 10;</code></li> </ul> <p>Now, <code>Chinook.db</code> is in our directory and we can interface with it using the SQLAlchemy-driven <code>SQLDatabase</code> class:</p> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">from</span><span class="token plain"> langchain_community</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">utilities </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">import</span><span class="token plain"> SQLDatabase</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">db </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> SQLDatabase</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">from_uri</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"sqlite:///Chinook.db"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> sample_rows_in_table_info</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(9, 134, 88)">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">dialect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">get_usable_table_names</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">run</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"SELECT * FROM Artist LIMIT 10;"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:1.3rem;background:var(--prism-background-color);color:var(--prism-color);margin-top:calc(-1 * var(--ifm-leading) - 5px);margin-bottom:var(--ifm-leading);box-shadow:var(--ifm-global-shadow-lw);border-bottom-left-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius);border-bottom-right-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius)"><b style="padding-left:0.65rem;margin-bottom:0.45rem;margin-right:0.5rem">API Reference:</b><span><a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/community/utilities/langchain_community.utilities.sql_database.SQLDatabase.html">SQLDatabase</a></span></div> <div class="language-output codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-output codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">sqlite</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">['Album', 'Artist', 'Customer', 'Employee', 'Genre', 'Invoice', 'InvoiceLine', 'MediaType', 'Playlist', 'PlaylistTrack', 'Track']</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">[(1, 'AC/DC'), (2, 'Accept'), (3, 'Aerosmith'), (4, 'Alanis Morissette'), (5, 'Alice In Chains'), (6, 'Antônio Carlos Jobim'), (7, 'Apocalyptica'), (8, 'Audioslave'), (9, 'BackBeat'), (10, 'Billy Cobham')]</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="dialect-specific-prompting">Dialect-specific prompting<a href="#dialect-specific-prompting" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Dialect-specific prompting" title="Direct link to Dialect-specific prompting"></a></h2> <p>One of the simplest things we can do is make our prompt specific to the SQL dialect we're using. When using the built-in <a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/langchain/chains/langchain.chains.sql_database.query.create_sql_query_chain.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">create_sql_query_chain</a> and <a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/community/utilities/langchain_community.utilities.sql_database.SQLDatabase.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SQLDatabase</a>, this is handled for you for any of the following dialects:</p> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">from</span><span class="token plain"> langchain</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">chains</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">sql_database</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">prompt </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">import</span><span class="token plain"> SQL_PROMPTS</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token builtin" style="color:rgb(0, 112, 193)">list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">SQL_PROMPTS</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <div class="language-output codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-output codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">['crate',</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 'duckdb',</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 'googlesql',</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 'mssql',</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 'mysql',</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 'mariadb',</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 'oracle',</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 'postgresql',</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 'sqlite',</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 'clickhouse',</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 'prestodb']</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <p>For example, using our current DB we can see that we'll get a SQLite-specific prompt.</p> <!-- --> <div><div style="display:flex;align-items:center;margin-bottom:1rem;gap:0.75rem"><span style="font-size:1rem;font-weight:500">Select <a href="/docs/integrations/chat/">chat model</a>:</span><div class="dropdown"><button class="button button--secondary" style="background-color:var(--ifm-background-color);border:1px solid var(--ifm-color-emphasis-300);font-weight:normal;font-size:1rem;padding:0.5rem 1rem;color:var(--ifm-font-color-base)">Groq<span style="margin-left:0.4rem;font-size:0.875rem">▾</span></button><div class="dropdown__menu" style="max-height:210px;overflow-y:auto;overflow-x:hidden;margin-bottom:0"><li><a class="dropdown__link dropdown__link--active" href="#">Groq</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="#">OpenAI</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="#">Anthropic</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="#">Azure</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="#">Google Vertex</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="#">AWS</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="#">Cohere</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="#">NVIDIA</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="#">Fireworks AI</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="#">Mistral AI</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="#">Together AI</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="#">IBM watsonx</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="#">Databricks</a></li></div></div></div><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">pip install -qU "langchain[groq]"</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">import</span><span class="token plain"> getpass</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">import</span><span class="token plain"> os</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">not</span><span class="token plain"> os</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">environ</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"GROQ_API_KEY"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> os</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">environ</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"GROQ_API_KEY"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> getpass</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">getpass</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"Enter API key for Groq: "</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">from</span><span class="token plain"> langchain</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">chat_models </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">import</span><span class="token plain"> init_chat_model</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">llm </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> init_chat_model</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"llama3-8b-8192"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> model_provider</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"groq"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">from</span><span class="token plain"> langchain</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">chains </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">import</span><span class="token plain"> create_sql_query_chain</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">chain </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> create_sql_query_chain</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">llm</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">chain</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">get_prompts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">[</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(9, 134, 88)">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">pretty_print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:1.3rem;background:var(--prism-background-color);color:var(--prism-color);margin-top:calc(-1 * var(--ifm-leading) - 5px);margin-bottom:var(--ifm-leading);box-shadow:var(--ifm-global-shadow-lw);border-bottom-left-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius);border-bottom-right-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius)"><b style="padding-left:0.65rem;margin-bottom:0.45rem;margin-right:0.5rem">API Reference:</b><span><a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/langchain/chains/langchain.chains.sql_database.query.create_sql_query_chain.html">create_sql_query_chain</a></span></div> <div class="language-output codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-output codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">You are a SQLite expert. Given an input question, first create a syntactically correct SQLite query to run, then look at the results of the query and return the answer to the input question.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Unless the user specifies in the question a specific number of examples to obtain, query for at most 5 results using the LIMIT clause as per SQLite. You can order the results to return the most informative data in the database.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Never query for all columns from a table. You must query only the columns that are needed to answer the question. Wrap each column name in double quotes (") to denote them as delimited identifiers.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Pay attention to use only the column names you can see in the tables below. Be careful to not query for columns that do not exist. Also, pay attention to which column is in which table.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Pay attention to use date('now') function to get the current date, if the question involves "today".</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Use the following format:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Question: Question here</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQLQuery: SQL Query to run</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQLResult: Result of the SQLQuery</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Answer: Final answer here</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Only use the following tables:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">[33;1m[1;3m{table_info}[0m</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Question: [33;1m[1;3m{input}[0m</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="table-definitions-and-example-rows">Table definitions and example rows<a href="#table-definitions-and-example-rows" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Table definitions and example rows" title="Direct link to Table definitions and example rows"></a></h2> <p>In most SQL chains, we'll need to feed the model at least part of the database schema. Without this it won't be able to write valid queries. Our database comes with some convenience methods to give us the relevant context. Specifically, we can get the table names, their schemas, and a sample of rows from each table.</p> <p>Here we will use <code>SQLDatabase.get_context</code>, which provides available tables and their schemas:</p> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">context </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">get_context</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token builtin" style="color:rgb(0, 112, 193)">list</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">context</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">context</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"table_info"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <div class="language-output codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-output codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">['table_info', 'table_names']</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">CREATE TABLE "Album" (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "AlbumId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Title" NVARCHAR(160) NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "ArtistId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> PRIMARY KEY ("AlbumId"), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> FOREIGN KEY("ArtistId") REFERENCES "Artist" ("ArtistId")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">/*</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 rows from Album table:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">AlbumId Title ArtistId</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">1 For Those About To Rock We Salute You 1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">2 Balls to the Wall 2</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 Restless and Wild 2</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">*/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">CREATE TABLE "Artist" (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "ArtistId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Name" NVARCHAR(120), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> PRIMARY KEY ("ArtistId")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">/*</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 rows from Artist table:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">ArtistId Name</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">1 AC/DC</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">2 Accept</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 Aerosmith</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">*/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">CREATE TABLE "Customer" (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "CustomerId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "FirstName" NVARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "LastName" NVARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Company" NVARCHAR(80), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Address" NVARCHAR(70), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "City" NVARCHAR(40), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "State" NVARCHAR(40), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Country" NVARCHAR(40), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "PostalCode" NVARCHAR(10), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Phone" NVARCHAR(24), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Fax" NVARCHAR(24), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Email" NVARCHAR(60) NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "SupportRepId" INTEGER, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> PRIMARY KEY ("CustomerId"), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> FOREIGN KEY("SupportRepId") REFERENCES "Employee" ("EmployeeId")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">/*</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 rows from Customer table:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">CustomerId FirstName LastName Company Address City State Country PostalCode Phone Fax Email SupportRepId</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">1 Luís Gonçalves Embraer - Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S.A. Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 2170 São José dos Campos SP Brazil 12227-000 +55 (12) 3923-5555 +55 (12) 3923-5566 luisg@embraer.com.br 3</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">2 Leonie Köhler None Theodor-Heuss-Straße 34 Stuttgart None Germany 70174 +49 0711 2842222 None leonekohler@surfeu.de 5</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 François Tremblay None 1498 rue Bélanger Montréal QC Canada H2G 1A7 +1 (514) 721-4711 None ftremblay@gmail.com 3</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">*/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">CREATE TABLE "Employee" (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "EmployeeId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "LastName" NVARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "FirstName" NVARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Title" NVARCHAR(30), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "ReportsTo" INTEGER, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "BirthDate" DATETIME, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "HireDate" DATETIME, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Address" NVARCHAR(70), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "City" NVARCHAR(40), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "State" NVARCHAR(40), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Country" NVARCHAR(40), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "PostalCode" NVARCHAR(10), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Phone" NVARCHAR(24), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Fax" NVARCHAR(24), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Email" NVARCHAR(60), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> PRIMARY KEY ("EmployeeId"), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> FOREIGN KEY("ReportsTo") REFERENCES "Employee" ("EmployeeId")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">/*</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 rows from Employee table:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">EmployeeId LastName FirstName Title ReportsTo BirthDate HireDate Address City State Country PostalCode Phone Fax Email</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">1 Adams Andrew General Manager None 1962-02-18 00:00:00 2002-08-14 00:00:00 11120 Jasper Ave NW Edmonton AB Canada T5K 2N1 +1 (780) 428-9482 +1 (780) 428-3457 andrew@chinookcorp.com</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">2 Edwards Nancy Sales Manager 1 1958-12-08 00:00:00 2002-05-01 00:00:00 825 8 Ave SW Calgary AB Canada T2P 2T3 +1 (403) 262-3443 +1 (403) 262-3322 nancy@chinookcorp.com</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 Peacock Jane Sales Support Agent 2 1973-08-29 00:00:00 2002-04-01 00:00:00 1111 6 Ave SW Calgary AB Canada T2P 5M5 +1 (403) 262-3443 +1 (403) 262-6712 jane@chinookcorp.com</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">*/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">CREATE TABLE "Genre" (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "GenreId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Name" NVARCHAR(120), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> PRIMARY KEY ("GenreId")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">/*</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 rows from Genre table:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">GenreId Name</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">1 Rock</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">2 Jazz</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 Metal</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">*/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">CREATE TABLE "Invoice" (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "InvoiceId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "CustomerId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "InvoiceDate" DATETIME NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "BillingAddress" NVARCHAR(70), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "BillingCity" NVARCHAR(40), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "BillingState" NVARCHAR(40), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "BillingCountry" NVARCHAR(40), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "BillingPostalCode" NVARCHAR(10), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Total" NUMERIC(10, 2) NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> PRIMARY KEY ("InvoiceId"), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> FOREIGN KEY("CustomerId") REFERENCES "Customer" ("CustomerId")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">/*</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 rows from Invoice table:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">InvoiceId CustomerId InvoiceDate BillingAddress BillingCity BillingState BillingCountry BillingPostalCode Total</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">1 2 2021-01-01 00:00:00 Theodor-Heuss-Straße 34 Stuttgart None Germany 70174 1.98</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">2 4 2021-01-02 00:00:00 Ullevålsveien 14 Oslo None Norway 0171 3.96</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 8 2021-01-03 00:00:00 Grétrystraat 63 Brussels None Belgium 1000 5.94</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">*/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">CREATE TABLE "InvoiceLine" (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "InvoiceLineId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "InvoiceId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "TrackId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "UnitPrice" NUMERIC(10, 2) NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Quantity" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> PRIMARY KEY ("InvoiceLineId"), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> FOREIGN KEY("TrackId") REFERENCES "Track" ("TrackId"), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> FOREIGN KEY("InvoiceId") REFERENCES "Invoice" ("InvoiceId")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">/*</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 rows from InvoiceLine table:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">InvoiceLineId InvoiceId TrackId UnitPrice Quantity</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">1 1 2 0.99 1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">2 1 4 0.99 1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 2 6 0.99 1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">*/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">CREATE TABLE "MediaType" (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "MediaTypeId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Name" NVARCHAR(120), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> PRIMARY KEY ("MediaTypeId")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">/*</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 rows from MediaType table:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">MediaTypeId Name</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">1 MPEG audio file</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">2 Protected AAC audio file</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 Protected MPEG-4 video file</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">*/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">CREATE TABLE "Playlist" (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "PlaylistId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Name" NVARCHAR(120), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> PRIMARY KEY ("PlaylistId")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">/*</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 rows from Playlist table:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">PlaylistId Name</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">1 Music</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">2 Movies</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 TV Shows</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">*/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">CREATE TABLE "PlaylistTrack" (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "PlaylistId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "TrackId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> PRIMARY KEY ("PlaylistId", "TrackId"), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> FOREIGN KEY("TrackId") REFERENCES "Track" ("TrackId"), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> FOREIGN KEY("PlaylistId") REFERENCES "Playlist" ("PlaylistId")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">/*</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 rows from PlaylistTrack table:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">PlaylistId TrackId</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">1 3402</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">1 3389</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">1 3390</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">*/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">CREATE TABLE "Track" (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "TrackId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Name" NVARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "AlbumId" INTEGER, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "MediaTypeId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "GenreId" INTEGER, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Composer" NVARCHAR(220), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Milliseconds" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Bytes" INTEGER, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "UnitPrice" NUMERIC(10, 2) NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> PRIMARY KEY ("TrackId"), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> FOREIGN KEY("MediaTypeId") REFERENCES "MediaType" ("MediaTypeId"), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> FOREIGN KEY("GenreId") REFERENCES "Genre" ("GenreId"), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> FOREIGN KEY("AlbumId") REFERENCES "Album" ("AlbumId")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">/*</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 rows from Track table:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">TrackId Name AlbumId MediaTypeId GenreId Composer Milliseconds Bytes UnitPrice</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">1 For Those About To Rock (We Salute You) 1 1 1 Angus Young, Malcolm Young, Brian Johnson 343719 11170334 0.99</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">2 Balls to the Wall 2 2 1 U. Dirkschneider, W. Hoffmann, H. Frank, P. Baltes, S. Kaufmann, G. Hoffmann 342562 5510424 0.99</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 Fast As a Shark 3 2 1 F. Baltes, S. Kaufman, U. Dirkscneider & W. Hoffman 230619 3990994 0.99</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">*/</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <p>When we don't have too many, or too wide of, tables, we can just insert the entirety of this information in our prompt:</p> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">prompt_with_context </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> chain</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">get_prompts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">[</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(9, 134, 88)">0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">partial</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">table_info</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain">context</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"table_info"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">prompt_with_context</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">pretty_repr</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(9, 134, 88)">1500</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <div class="language-output codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-output codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">You are a SQLite expert. Given an input question, first create a syntactically correct SQLite query to run, then look at the results of the query and return the answer to the input question.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Unless the user specifies in the question a specific number of examples to obtain, query for at most 5 results using the LIMIT clause as per SQLite. You can order the results to return the most informative data in the database.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Never query for all columns from a table. You must query only the columns that are needed to answer the question. Wrap each column name in double quotes (") to denote them as delimited identifiers.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Pay attention to use only the column names you can see in the tables below. Be careful to not query for columns that do not exist. Also, pay attention to which column is in which table.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Pay attention to use date('now') function to get the current date, if the question involves "today".</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Use the following format:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Question: Question here</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQLQuery: SQL Query to run</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQLResult: Result of the SQLQuery</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Answer: Final answer here</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Only use the following tables:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">CREATE TABLE "Album" (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "AlbumId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Title" NVARCHAR(160) NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "ArtistId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> PRIMARY KEY ("AlbumId"), </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> FOREIGN KEY("ArtistId") REFERENCES "Artist" ("ArtistId")</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">/*</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 rows from Album table:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">AlbumId Title ArtistId</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">1 For Those About To Rock We Salute You 1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">2 Balls to the Wall 2</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">3 Restless and Wild 2</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">*/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">CREATE TABLE "Artist" (</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "ArtistId" INTEGER NOT NULL, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> "Name" NVARCHAR(120)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <p>When we do have database schemas that are too large to fit into our model's context window, we'll need to come up with ways of inserting only the relevant table definitions into the prompt based on the user input. For more on this head to the <a href="/docs/how_to/sql_large_db/">Many tables, wide tables, high-cardinality feature</a> guide.</p> <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="few-shot-examples">Few-shot examples<a href="#few-shot-examples" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Few-shot examples" title="Direct link to Few-shot examples"></a></h2> <p>Including examples of natural language questions being converted to valid SQL queries against our database in the prompt will often improve model performance, especially for complex queries.</p> <p>Let's say we have the following examples:</p> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">examples </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">[</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"List all artists."</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"query"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"SELECT * FROM Artist;"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"Find all albums for the artist 'AC/DC'."</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"query"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"SELECT * FROM Album WHERE ArtistId = (SELECT ArtistId FROM Artist WHERE Name = 'AC/DC');"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"List all tracks in the 'Rock' genre."</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"query"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"SELECT * FROM Track WHERE GenreId = (SELECT GenreId FROM Genre WHERE Name = 'Rock');"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"Find the total duration of all tracks."</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"query"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"SELECT SUM(Milliseconds) FROM Track;"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"List all customers from Canada."</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"query"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"SELECT * FROM Customer WHERE Country = 'Canada';"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"How many tracks are there in the album with ID 5?"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"query"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Track WHERE AlbumId = 5;"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"Find the total number of invoices."</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"query"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Invoice;"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"List all tracks that are longer than 5 minutes."</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"query"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"SELECT * FROM Track WHERE Milliseconds > 300000;"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"Who are the top 5 customers by total purchase?"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"query"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"SELECT CustomerId, SUM(Total) AS TotalPurchase FROM Invoice GROUP BY CustomerId ORDER BY TotalPurchase DESC LIMIT 5;"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"Which albums are from the year 2000?"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"query"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"SELECT * FROM Album WHERE strftime('%Y', ReleaseDate) = '2000';"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"How many employees are there"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"query"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "Employee"'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">]</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <p>We can create a few-shot prompt with them like so:</p> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">from</span><span class="token plain"> langchain_core</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">prompts </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">import</span><span class="token plain"> FewShotPromptTemplate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> PromptTemplate</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">example_prompt </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> PromptTemplate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">from_template</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"User input: {input}\nSQL query: {query}"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">prompt </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> FewShotPromptTemplate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> examples</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain">examples</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(9, 134, 88)">5</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> example_prompt</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain">example_prompt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> prefix</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"You are a SQLite expert. Given an input question, create a syntactically correct SQLite query to run. Unless otherwise specificed, do not return more than {top_k} rows.\n\nHere is the relevant table info: {table_info}\n\nBelow are a number of examples of questions and their corresponding SQL queries."</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> suffix</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"User input: {input}\nSQL query: "</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> input_variables</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"top_k"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"table_info"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:1.3rem;background:var(--prism-background-color);color:var(--prism-color);margin-top:calc(-1 * var(--ifm-leading) - 5px);margin-bottom:var(--ifm-leading);box-shadow:var(--ifm-global-shadow-lw);border-bottom-left-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius);border-bottom-right-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius)"><b style="padding-left:0.65rem;margin-bottom:0.45rem;margin-right:0.5rem">API Reference:</b><span><a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/core/prompts/langchain_core.prompts.few_shot.FewShotPromptTemplate.html">FewShotPromptTemplate</a> | </span><span><a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/core/prompts/langchain_core.prompts.prompt.PromptTemplate.html">PromptTemplate</a></span></div> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">prompt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token builtin" style="color:rgb(0, 112, 193)">format</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token builtin" style="color:rgb(0, 112, 193)">input</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"How many artists are there?"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> top_k</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(9, 134, 88)">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> table_info</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"foo"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <div class="language-output codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-output codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">You are a SQLite expert. Given an input question, create a syntactically correct SQLite query to run. Unless otherwise specificed, do not return more than 3 rows.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Here is the relevant table info: foo</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Below are a number of examples of questions and their corresponding SQL queries.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">User input: List all artists.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQL query: SELECT * FROM Artist;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">User input: Find all albums for the artist 'AC/DC'.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQL query: SELECT * FROM Album WHERE ArtistId = (SELECT ArtistId FROM Artist WHERE Name = 'AC/DC');</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">User input: List all tracks in the 'Rock' genre.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQL query: SELECT * FROM Track WHERE GenreId = (SELECT GenreId FROM Genre WHERE Name = 'Rock');</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">User input: Find the total duration of all tracks.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQL query: SELECT SUM(Milliseconds) FROM Track;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">User input: List all customers from Canada.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQL query: SELECT * FROM Customer WHERE Country = 'Canada';</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">User input: How many artists are there?</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQL query:</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="dynamic-few-shot-examples">Dynamic few-shot examples<a href="#dynamic-few-shot-examples" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Dynamic few-shot examples" title="Direct link to Dynamic few-shot examples"></a></h2> <p>If we have enough examples, we may want to only include the most relevant ones in the prompt, either because they don't fit in the model's context window or because the long tail of examples distracts the model. And specifically, given any input we want to include the examples most relevant to that input.</p> <p>We can do just this using an ExampleSelector. In this case we'll use a <a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/core/example_selectors/langchain_core.example_selectors.semantic_similarity.SemanticSimilarityExampleSelector.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SemanticSimilarityExampleSelector</a>, which will store the examples in the vector database of our choosing. At runtime it will perform a similarity search between the input and our examples, and return the most semantically similar ones.</p> <p>We default to OpenAI embeddings here, but you can swap them out for the model provider of your choice.</p> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">from</span><span class="token plain"> langchain_community</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">vectorstores </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">import</span><span class="token plain"> FAISS</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">from</span><span class="token plain"> langchain_core</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">example_selectors </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">import</span><span class="token plain"> SemanticSimilarityExampleSelector</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">from</span><span class="token plain"> langchain_openai </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">import</span><span class="token plain"> OpenAIEmbeddings</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">example_selector </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> SemanticSimilarityExampleSelector</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">from_examples</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> examples</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> OpenAIEmbeddings</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> FAISS</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> k</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(9, 134, 88)">5</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> input_keys</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:1.3rem;background:var(--prism-background-color);color:var(--prism-color);margin-top:calc(-1 * var(--ifm-leading) - 5px);margin-bottom:var(--ifm-leading);box-shadow:var(--ifm-global-shadow-lw);border-bottom-left-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius);border-bottom-right-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius)"><b style="padding-left:0.65rem;margin-bottom:0.45rem;margin-right:0.5rem">API Reference:</b><span><a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/community/vectorstores/langchain_community.vectorstores.faiss.FAISS.html">FAISS</a> | </span><span><a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/core/example_selectors/langchain_core.example_selectors.semantic_similarity.SemanticSimilarityExampleSelector.html">SemanticSimilarityExampleSelector</a> | </span><span><a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/openai/embeddings/langchain_openai.embeddings.base.OpenAIEmbeddings.html">OpenAIEmbeddings</a></span></div> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">example_selector</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">select_examples</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"how many artists are there?"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <div class="language-output codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-output codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">[{'input': 'List all artists.', 'query': 'SELECT * FROM Artist;'},</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> {'input': 'How many employees are there',</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 'query': 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "Employee"'},</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> {'input': 'How many tracks are there in the album with ID 5?',</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 'query': 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Track WHERE AlbumId = 5;'},</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> {'input': 'Which albums are from the year 2000?',</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 'query': "SELECT * FROM Album WHERE strftime('%Y', ReleaseDate) = '2000';"},</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> {'input': "List all tracks in the 'Rock' genre.",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> 'query': "SELECT * FROM Track WHERE GenreId = (SELECT GenreId FROM Genre WHERE Name = 'Rock');"}]</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <p>To use it, we can pass the ExampleSelector directly in to our FewShotPromptTemplate:</p> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">prompt </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> FewShotPromptTemplate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> example_selector</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain">example_selector</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> example_prompt</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain">example_prompt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> prefix</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"You are a SQLite expert. Given an input question, create a syntactically correct SQLite query to run. Unless otherwise specificed, do not return more than {top_k} rows.\n\nHere is the relevant table info: {table_info}\n\nBelow are a number of examples of questions and their corresponding SQL queries."</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> suffix</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"User input: {input}\nSQL query: "</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"> input_variables</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"input"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"top_k"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"table_info"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token keyword" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 255)">print</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">prompt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token builtin" style="color:rgb(0, 112, 193)">format</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token builtin" style="color:rgb(0, 112, 193)">input</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"how many artists are there?"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> top_k</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:rgb(9, 134, 88)">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> table_info</span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"foo"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <div class="language-output codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-output codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">You are a SQLite expert. Given an input question, create a syntactically correct SQLite query to run. Unless otherwise specificed, do not return more than 3 rows.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Here is the relevant table info: foo</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">Below are a number of examples of questions and their corresponding SQL queries.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">User input: List all artists.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQL query: SELECT * FROM Artist;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">User input: How many employees are there</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQL query: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "Employee"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">User input: How many tracks are there in the album with ID 5?</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQL query: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Track WHERE AlbumId = 5;</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">User input: Which albums are from the year 2000?</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQL query: SELECT * FROM Album WHERE strftime('%Y', ReleaseDate) = '2000';</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">User input: List all tracks in the 'Rock' genre.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQL query: SELECT * FROM Track WHERE GenreId = (SELECT GenreId FROM Genre WHERE Name = 'Rock');</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">User input: how many artists are there?</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">SQL query:</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <p>Trying it out, we see that the model identifies the relevant table:</p> <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">chain </span><span class="token operator" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">=</span><span class="token plain"> create_sql_query_chain</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token plain">llm</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> db</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">,</span><span class="token plain"> prompt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">chain</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">.</span><span class="token plain">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">{</span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"question"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:rgb(163, 21, 21)">"how many artists are there?"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(4, 81, 165)">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div> <div class="language-output codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-output codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#000000"><span class="token plain">'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Artist;'</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="row margin-top--sm theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/edit/master/docs/docs/how_to/sql_prompting.ipynb" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_JAkA"></div></div></footer></article><div style="display:flex;flex-direction:column"><hr><h4>Was this page helpful?</h4><div style="display:flex;gap:5px"><div 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