CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="tr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Kaliningrad - Vikipedi</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )trwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","Ocak","Şubat","Mart","Nisan","Mayıs","Haziran","Temmuz","Ağustos","Eylül","Ekim","Kasım","Aralık"],"wgRequestId":"5f74e17b-1add-4c4d-8326-4b943e11c7e4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Kaliningrad","wgTitle":"Kaliningrad","wgCurRevisionId":34722197,"wgRevisionId":34722197,"wgArticleId":68615,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Alan kodu bilgisi içeren yerleşim bilgi kutusu kullanılan sayfalar","Commons kategori bağlantısı Vikiveri'de tanımlı olan sayfalar","BNF tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","GND tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","LCCN tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","MusicBrainz area tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","NARA tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","NDL tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","NKC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri", "NLI tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","NSK tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","SELIBR tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","SUDOC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","VIAF tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri","WorldCat-LCCN tanımlayıcısı içeren Vikipedi maddeleri","Kaliningrad","Hansa Birliği üyeleri","Rusya'daki şehirler","Rusya'daki şehirlerin tarihi"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"tr","wgPageContentLanguage":"tr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Kaliningrad","wgRelevantArticleId":68615,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":2}}},"wgStableRevisionId":34722197,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"tr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"tr"}, "wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1829","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":true,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.14"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.HizliBilgi","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMap","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tr&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=tr&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tr&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Kaliningrad_Montage_%282016%29.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1680"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kaliningrad_Montage_%282016%29.png/800px-Kaliningrad_Montage_%282016%29.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1120"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kaliningrad_Montage_%282016%29.png/640px-Kaliningrad_Montage_%282016%29.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="896"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Kaliningrad - Vikipedi"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//tr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Değiştir" href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Vikipedi (tr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//tr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Vikipedi Atom beslemesi" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:SonDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kaliningrad rootpage-Kaliningrad skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">İçeriğe atla</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Ana menü" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ana menü" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ana menü</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ana menü</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gezinti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfayı ziyaret et [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Anasayfa</span></a></li><li id="n-Hakkımızda" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Hakk%C4%B1nda"><span>Hakkımızda</span></a></li><li id="n-İçindekiler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:G%C3%B6z_at"><span>İçindekiler</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Rastgele" title="Rastgele bir sayfaya gidin [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rastgele madde</span></a></li><li id="n-Seçkin-içerik" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Se%C3%A7kin_i%C3%A7erik"><span>Seçkin içerik</span></a></li><li id="n-Yakınımdakiler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Yak%C4%B1n%C4%B1mdakiler"><span>Yakınımdakiler</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C3%96zelSayfalar"><span>Özel sayfalar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Katılım" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Katılım" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Katılım </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-sandbox" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Deneme_tahtas%C4%B1"><span>Deneme tahtası</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:K%C3%B6y_%C3%A7e%C5%9Fmesi" title="Güncel olaylarla ilgili son bilgiler"><span>Köy çeşmesi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SonDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler" title="Vikide yapılmış son değişikliklerin listesi [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Son değişiklikler</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Y%C3%BCkle"><span>Dosya yükle</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Topluluk_portali" title="Proje hakkında, neler yapabilirsiniz, ne nerededir"><span>Topluluk portali</span></a></li><li id="n-shop-text" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//shop.wikimedia.org"><span>Wikimedia dükkânı</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:%C4%B0%C3%A7indekiler" title="Yardım almak için"><span>Yardım</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipedi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-tr.svg" style="width: 6.6875em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Özgür Ansiklopedi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tr.svg" width="104" height="13" style="width: 6.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Ara" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Vikipedi içinde ara [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ara</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Vikipedi üzerinde ara" aria-label="Vikipedi üzerinde ara" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Vikipedi içinde ara [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Özel:Ara"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ara</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Kişisel araçlar"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Sayfanın yazı tipi boyutunun, genişliğinin ve renginin görünümünü değiştirin" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Görünüm" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Görünüm</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tr.wikipedia.org&uselang=tr" class=""><span>Bağış yapın</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Kaliningrad" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir" class=""><span>Hesap oluştur</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Kaliningrad" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Oturum aç</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kişisel araçlar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kişisel araçlar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Kullanıcı menüsü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tr.wikipedia.org&uselang=tr"><span>Bağış yapın</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Kaliningrad" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hesap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Kaliningrad" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Oturum aç</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çıkış yapmış editörler için sayfalar <a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Giri%C5%9F" aria-label="Değişiklik yapma hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin"><span>daha fazla bilgi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1m" title="Bu IP adresinden yapılmış değişiklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katkılar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Ekapat\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks notheme\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; margin: 0 0 3px; background: white;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"nomobile\" style=\"float:left; margin:5px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025_in_Turkey\" title=\"c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 in Turkey\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Logo.svg/81px-Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"81\" height=\"95\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Logo.svg/123px-Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Logo.svg/163px-Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"355\" data-file-height=\"414\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"color: gray; max-width:1280px; margin: 12px auto; font-family: Tahoma, \u0026#39;DejaVu Sans Condensed\u0026#39;, sans-serif; text-align: center; font-size: 16pt; position: relative;\"\u003EÖdüllü Viki Folkloru Seviyor 2025 Yarışması başladı! \u003Cbr /\u003E Katılmak için \u003Ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025_in_Turkey\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 in Turkey\"\u003EViki Folkloru Seviyor 2025 Türkiye\u003C/a\u003E sayfasını ziyaret edin.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tarih" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarih"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tarih</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarih-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coğrafya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coğrafya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Coğrafya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coğrafya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nüfus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nüfus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nüfus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nüfus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="İçindekiler" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaliningrad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 132 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-132" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">132 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%92%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%B5" title="ካሊኒንግራድ - Amharca" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካሊኒንግራድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyningesbeorg" title="Cyningesbeorg - Eski İngilizce" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cyningesbeorg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Eski İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="كالينينغراد - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كالينينغراد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="كالينينجراد - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كالينينجراد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningr%C3%A1u" title="Kaliningráu - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kaliningráu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalininqrad" title="Kalininqrad - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kalininqrad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="کالینینقراد - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کالینینقراد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Başkırtça" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Başkırtça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Bali dili" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaliau%C4%8Dios" title="Karaliaučios - Samogitçe" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Karaliaučios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калінінград - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калінінград" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Каралявец - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каралявец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="কালিনিনগ্রাদ - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কালিনিনগ্রাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Bretonca" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinjingrad" title="Kalinjingrad - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kalinjingrad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrado" title="Kaliningrado - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Kaliningrado" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Çeçence" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Çeçence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Rusya)" title="Kaliningrad (kapital sa lalawigan sa Rusya) - Sebuano dili" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kaliningrad (kapital sa lalawigan sa Rusya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Sebuano dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="کالینینگراد - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کالینینگراد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Kırım Tatarcası" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Kırım Tatarcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8A_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Калининъ Градъ - Kilise Slavcası" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Калининъ Градъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kilise Slavcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Çuvaşça" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Çuvaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Galce" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Galce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Aşağı Sorbça" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Sorbça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Καλίνινγκραντ - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καλίνινγκραντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrado" title="Kaliningrado - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaliningrado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrado" title="Kaliningrado - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kaliningrado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="کالینینگراد - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالینینگراد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Faroe dili" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Kuzey Frizce" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Frizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Batı Frizcesi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Batı Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrado" title="Kaliningrado - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kaliningrado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrado" title="Kaliningrado - Guarani dili" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kaliningrado" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Hausa dili" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%93" title="קלינינגרד - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קלינינגרד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="कैलिनिनग्राद - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैलिनिनग्राद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinjingrad" title="Kalinjingrad - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kalinjingrad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kralowc" title="Kralowc - Yukarı Sorbça" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kralowc" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Yukarı Sorbça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinyingr%C3%A1d" title="Kalinyingrád - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kalinyingrád" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Կալինինգրադ - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալինինգրադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C3%ADn%C3%ADngrad" title="Kalíníngrad - İzlandaca" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kalíníngrad" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="İzlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="カリーニングラード - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カリーニングラード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Cava dili" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Cava dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="კალინინგრადი - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კალინინგრადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Karakalpakça" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಲಿನಿನ್‍ಗ್ರಾಡ್ - Kannada dili" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಲಿನಿನ್‍ಗ್ರಾಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%8B%8C%EA%B7%B8%EB%9D%BC%EB%93%9C" title="칼리닌그라드 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼리닌그라드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Kırgızca" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kırgızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningradum" title="Kaliningradum - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kaliningradum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrado" title="Kaliningrado - Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kaliningrado" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Limburgca" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Ligurca" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaliau%C4%8Dius" title="Karaliaučius - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karaliaučius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara%C4%BCau%C4%8Di" title="Karaļauči - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karaļauči" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Maori dili" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="കലിനിൻഗ്രാഡ് - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കലിനിൻഗ്രാഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Moğolca" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Moğolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="कालिनिनग्राद - Marathi dili" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कालिनिनग्राद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ကာလင်နင်ဂရတ်မြို့ - Birman dili" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာလင်နင်ဂရတ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birman dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Калининград ош - Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Калининград ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="کالینینگراد - Mazenderanca" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کالینینگراد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazenderanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsbarg" title="Königsbarg - Aşağı Almanca" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Königsbarg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Osetçe" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osetçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lewiec" title="Królewiec - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Królewiec" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Piyemontece" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piyemontece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%88" title="کالیننگراڈ - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کالیننگراڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="کالینینګراد - Peştuca" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کالینینګراد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Peştuca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrado" title="Kaliningrado - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kaliningrado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Keçuva dili" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Keçuva dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Sardunya dili" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardunya dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Sicilyaca" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - İskoçça" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="İskoçça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinjingrad" title="Kalinjingrad - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalinjingrad" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningradi" title="Kaliningradi - Arnavutça" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kaliningradi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Arnavutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калињинград - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Калињинград" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Svahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali%C5%84ingrad" title="Kalińingrad - Silezyaca" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kalińingrad" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="கலினின்கிராத் - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கலினின்கிராத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94" title="คาลีนินกราด - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาลีนินกราด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Talışça" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talışça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Tatarca" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Udmurtça" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurtça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калінінград - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Калінінград" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%88" title="کیلننگراڈ - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیلننگراڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Veps dili" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Volofça" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Volofça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" title="加里宁格勒 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加里宁格勒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Калининград - Kalmıkça" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Калининград" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmıkça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="კალინინგრადი - Megrelce" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კალინინგრადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Megrelce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%93" title="קאלינינגראד - Yidiş" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאלינינגראד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yidiş" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" title="加里寧格勒 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加里寧格勒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad - Min Nan Çincesi" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kaliningrad" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" title="加里寧格勒 - Kantonca" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加里寧格勒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1829#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Kaliningrad" rel="discussion" title="İçerik ile ilgili tartışma [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tartışma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil varyantını değiştir" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Türkçe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&action=history" title="Bu sayfanın geçmiş sürümleri [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Araçlar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Araçlar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Araçlar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eylemler </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&action=history"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Genel </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SayfayaBa%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar/Kaliningrad" title="Bu sayfaya bağlantı vermiş tüm viki sayfalarının listesi [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sayfaya bağlantılar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C4%B0lgiliDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler/Kaliningrad" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sayfadan bağlantı verilen sayfalardaki son değişiklikler [k]" accesskey="k"><span>İlgili değişiklikler</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&oldid=34722197" title="Bu sayfanın bu revizyonuna kalıcı bağlantı"><span>Kalıcı bağlantı</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&action=info" title="Bu sayfa hakkında daha fazla bilgi"><span>Sayfa bilgisi</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:KaynakG%C3%B6ster&page=Kaliningrad&id=34722197&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Bu sayfadan nasıl kaynak göstereceği hakkında bilgi"><span>Bu sayfayı kaynak göster</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKaliningrad"><span>Kısaltılmış URL'yi al</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKaliningrad"><span>Karekodu indir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Yazdır/dışa aktar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kitap&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kaliningrad"><span>Bir kitap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kaliningrad&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF olarak indir</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&printable=yes" title="Bu sayfanın basılmaya uygun sürümü [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Basılmaya uygun görünüm</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Diğer projelerde </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1829" title="Veri havuzundaki ilgili ögeye bağlantı [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiveri ögesi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüm</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Başlığın diğer anlamları için <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_(anlam_ayr%C4%B1m%C4%B1)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kaliningrad (anlam ayrımı)">Kaliningrad (anlam ayrımı)</a> sayfasına bakınız.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28603389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap">Kaliningrad<br /><div class="nickname" style="font-size:78%;display:inline;">Königsberg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold; text-align:center" style="background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehir" title="Şehir">Şehir</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow" style="font-weight:bold;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center">Калининград</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow" style="text-align:center"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Kaliningrad_Montage_(2016).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Kutsal Aile Kilisesi; Königsberg Katedrali; Sözde tarihi tarzda "balıkçılar köyü"; Brandenburg Kapısı; Kral Kapısı; Pregolya Nehri"><img alt="Kutsal Aile Kilisesi; Königsberg Katedrali; Sözde tarihi tarzda "balıkçılar köyü"; Brandenburg Kapısı; Kral Kapısı; Pregolya Nehri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kaliningrad_Montage_%282016%29.png/270px-Kaliningrad_Montage_%282016%29.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kaliningrad_Montage_%282016%29.png/405px-Kaliningrad_Montage_%282016%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kaliningrad_Montage_%282016%29.png/540px-Kaliningrad_Montage_%282016%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span><div style="padding:0.4em 0 0 0; align=">Kutsal Aile Kilisesi; <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg_Katedrali" title="Königsberg Katedrali">Königsberg Katedrali</a>; Sözde tarihi tarzda "balıkçılar köyü"; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg_Kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1_(Kaliningrad)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandenburg Kapısı (Kaliningrad) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Brandenburg Kapısı</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kral_Kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1_(Kaliningrad)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kral Kapısı (Kaliningrad) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kral Kapısı</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pregolya_Nehri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pregolya Nehri (sayfa mevcut değil)">Pregolya Nehri</a></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><div style="display:table; width:100%; background:none;"> <div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Flag_of_Kaliningrad.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaliningrad bayrağı"><img alt="Kaliningrad bayrağı" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Kaliningrad.svg/125px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Kaliningrad.svg/188px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Kaliningrad.svg/250px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="761" /></a></span><br />Bayrak</div><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Coat_of_arms_of_Kaliningrad.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaliningrad arması"><img alt="Kaliningrad arması" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Coat_of_arms_of_Kaliningrad.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kaliningrad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Coat_of_arms_of_Kaliningrad.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kaliningrad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Coat_of_arms_of_Kaliningrad.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kaliningrad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="715" /></a></span><br />Arma</div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Map_of_Russia_-_Kaliningrad_Oblast_(2008-03).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rusya haritasında Kaliningrad"><img alt="Rusya haritasında Kaliningrad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Map_of_Russia_-_Kaliningrad_Oblast_%282008-03%29.svg/270px-Map_of_Russia_-_Kaliningrad_Oblast_%282008-03%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Map_of_Russia_-_Kaliningrad_Oblast_%282008-03%29.svg/405px-Map_of_Russia_-_Kaliningrad_Oblast_%282008-03%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Map_of_Russia_-_Kaliningrad_Oblast_%282008-03%29.svg/540px-Map_of_Russia_-_Kaliningrad_Oblast_%282008-03%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="630" /></a></span><br />Rusya haritasında Kaliningrad</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clkeler_listesi" title="Ülkeler listesi">Ülke</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya"><img alt="Rusya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rusya%27n%C4%B1n_eyaletleri" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusya'nın eyaletleri">Eyalet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast%C4%B1" title="Kaliningrad Oblastı">Kaliningrad Oblastı</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Yüzölçümü<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Toplam</th><td class="infobox-data">15.000 km²</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Nüfus<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>(2020)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Toplam</th><td class="infobox-data">489.359</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telefon_numaraland%C4%B1rma_plan%C4%B1" title="Telefon numaralandırma planı">Alan kodu</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+7 4012</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:11pt" align="center"><b>Resmî site</b><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.klgd.ru">http://www.klgd.ru</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kaliningrad</b> (<a href="/wiki/Rus%C3%A7a" title="Rusça">Rusça</a>: Калининград, <a href="/wiki/Almanca" title="Almanca">Almanca</a>: <i>Königsberg</i>), <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a>'nın <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast%C4%B1" title="Kaliningrad Oblastı">Kaliningrad Oblastı</a>'nın en büyük şehri ve idari merkezidir, <a href="/wiki/Litvanya" title="Litvanya">Litvanya</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonya</a> arasında kalan bir Rus dış bölgesidir. Şehir, Rusya anakarasının yaklaşık 663 kilometre (412 mil) batısında yer almaktadır. Şehir, <a href="/wiki/Balt%C4%B1k_Denizi" title="Baltık Denizi">Baltık Denizi</a>'ndeki <a href="/wiki/Vist%C3%BCl_Lag%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Vistül Lagünü">Vistül Lagünü</a>'nün başında, Pregolya Nehri üzerinde yer alır ve Rusya'nın Baltık Denizi'ndeki tek limanıdır.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2020 yılında şehrin nüfusu 489.359 idi.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaliningrad, Baltık bölgesinin üçüncü büyük şehri ve Baltık Denizi'nin yedinci büyük şehri olan <a href="/wiki/Sankt-Peterburg" title="Sankt-Peterburg">Saint Petersburg</a>'dan sonra <a href="/wiki/Kuzeybat%C4%B1_Federal_B%C3%B6lgesi" title="Kuzeybatı Federal Bölgesi">Kuzeybatı Federal Bölgesi</a>'nin ikinci büyük şehridir. </p><p>Günümüzün Kaliningrad yerleşimi, <a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Ha%C3%A7l%C4%B1_Seferleri" title="Kuzey Haçlı Seferleri">Kuzey Haçlı Seferleri</a> sırasında <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6ton_%C5%9E%C3%B6valyeleri" title="Töton Şövalyeleri">Töton Şövalyeleri</a> tarafından 1255 yılında kuruldu ve Bohemya Kralı II. Ottokar'ın onuruna Königsberg adını aldı. Baltık liman kenti olan şehir, sırasıyla Cermen Tarikatı Devleti'nin, <a href="/wiki/Prusya_D%C3%BCkal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Prusya Dükalığı">Prusya Dükalığı</a>'nın (1525-1701) ve <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Prusya" title="Doğu Prusya">Doğu Prusya</a>'nın başkenti oldu. Königsberg, Prusya monarşisinin taç giyme şehri olarak bilinirdi ancak başkent 1701'de <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>'e taşındı. 1454'ten 1455'e kadar Królewiec adı altındaki şehir <a href="/wiki/Lehistan_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Lehistan Krallığı">Polonya Krallığı</a>'na aitti ve 1466'dan 1657'ye kadar Polonya tımarına bağlı kaldı. Königsberg <a href="/wiki/II._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="II. Dünya Savaşı">II. Dünya Savaşı</a>'na kadar <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Almanyas%C4%B1" title="Nazi Almanyası">Almanya</a>'nın en doğusundaki şehirdi. Şehir, 1944'teki Müttefik bombardımanı ve 1945'teki Königsberg Savaşı sırasında ağır hasar gördü; daha sonra 9 Nisan 1945'te <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">Sovyetler Birliği</a> tarafından ele geçirildi. 1945 yılında <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Anla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Potsdam Anlaşması">Potsdam Anlaşması</a> ile şehir tamamen Sovyet kontrolüne geçti. Şehrin ismi, 1946'da Rus <a href="/wiki/Bol%C5%9Fevizm" title="Bolşevizm">Bolşevik</a> lider <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kalinin" title="Mihail Kalinin">Mikhail Kalinin</a>'in onuruna <i>Kaliningrad</i> olarak yeniden adlandırıldı. <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi%27nin_da%C4%9F%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1" title="Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılması">Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılmasından</a> bu yana Rusya'nın en batı bölgesi olan Kaliningrad Oblastı'nın idari merkezi olarak yönetilmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Deniz ve nehir limanlarıyla büyük bir ulaşım merkezi olan şehir, <a href="/wiki/Rusya_Deniz_Kuvvetleri" title="Rusya Deniz Kuvvetleri">Rus Donanması</a>'nın <a href="/wiki/Balt%C4%B1k_Filosu" title="Baltık Filosu">Baltık Filosunun</a> karargahına ev sahipliği yapmaktadır ve Rusya'nın en büyük sanayi merkezlerinden biridir.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Kommersant'ın The Firm's Secret</i> dergisine göre 2012, 2013 ve 2014'te Rusya'nın en iyi şehri, <i>Forbes</i>'a göre ise 2013'te Rusya'nın iş açısından en iyi şehri seçildi ve Kentsel Çevre Kalitesi sıralamasında 5. sırada yer aldı.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaliningrad, son yirmi yılda Rusya'da önemli bir iç göç çekim noktası oldu ve <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_D%C3%BCnya_Kupas%C4%B1" title="2018 FIFA Dünya Kupası">2018 FIFA Dünya Kupası</a>'na ev sahipliği yapan şehirlerden biriydi.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarih">Tarih</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Tarih" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Tarih"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><big><b>II. Dünya Savaşı</b></big> </p><p><a href="/wiki/II._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="II. Dünya Savaşı">II. Dünya Savaşı</a>'nda Königsberg şehri, 1944'teki İngiliz bombardımanı ve 1945 baharındaki büyük Sovyet kuşatması nedeniyle ağır hasar gördü. 1945'te II. Dünya Savaşı'nın sonunda, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg_Ku%C5%9Fatmas%C4%B1" title="Königsberg Kuşatması">Königsberg Kuşatması</a> ile şehir <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">Sovyetler Birliği</a>'nin bir parçası oldu. </p><p><big><b>Sovyetler Birliği</b></big> </p><p>1 Ağustos 1945 tarihli <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Anla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Potsdam Anlaşması">Postdam Anlaşması</a> ile şehir, toprak sınırlarının nihai olarak belirlenmesine kadar <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">Sovyetler Birliği</a>'nin parçası oldu. Bu nihai karar, 12 Eylül 1990'da <a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya">Almanya</a> ile İlgili Nihai Çözüm Anlaşması'nın imzalanmasıyla gerçekleşti.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Königsberg, 1946'da SSCB Yüksek Sovyet Başkanlığı Başkanı <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kalinin" title="Mihail Kalinin">Mikhail Kalinin</a>'den sonra <b>Kaliningrad</b> olarak yeniden adlandırıldı, ancak Kalinin'in şehirli hiçbir ilgisi yoktu ve <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">Sovyetler Birliği</a>'nde Kalinin'in onuruna adlandırılan şehirler zaten vardı.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bazı tarihçiler, konferansın kararında Kaliningrad sınırının (savaş öncesi) <a href="/wiki/Litvanya" title="Litvanya">Litvanya</a> sınırında olacağını belirtmesi nedeniyle bunun başlangıçta <a href="/wiki/Litvanya_Sovyet_Sosyalist_Cumhuriyeti" title="Litvanya Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti">Litvanya SSC</a>'sine teklif edilmiş olabileceğini düşünüyor. Şehirde yaşayan <a href="/wiki/Almanlar" title="Almanlar">Alman</a> nüfusu ise 1947 ve 1948 yılları arasında zorla sınır dışı edildi. İlhak edilen topraklarda çoğunlukla etnik <a href="/wiki/Ruslar" title="Ruslar">Ruslar</a> yaşadıysa da, az ölçüde <a href="/wiki/Ukraynal%C4%B1lar" title="Ukraynalılar">Ukraynalılar</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Belaruslular" title="Belaruslular">Belaruslular</a> olmak üzere <a href="/wiki/Sovyet_halk%C4%B1" title="Sovyet halkı">Sovyet vatandaşları</a> yaşamaktaydı.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com.tr_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com.tr-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zamanla <a href="/wiki/Almanca" title="Almanca">Almanca</a> dilinin yerini <a href="/wiki/Rus%C3%A7a" title="Rusça">Rusça</a> aldı. Şehrin, 1950 yılında 1.165.000 nüfusu vardı; bu nüfus, savaş öncesi nüfusun yalnızca yarısı kadardı. </p><p>Şehrin Zafer Meydanı'nda, 1953'ten 1962'ye kadar <a href="/wiki/Josef_Stalin" title="Josef Stalin">Stalin</a>'e ait bir anıt bulunuyordu. 1973 yılında belediye binası <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Evi_(Kaliningrad)" title="Sovyetler Evi (Kaliningrad)">Sovyetler Evi</a>'ne dönüştürüldü. 1980 yılında eski Kutsal Aile Lutheran Kilisesi'nin binasında bir konser salonu açıldı. 1986 yılında Kreuzkirche binası <a href="/wiki/Rus_Ortodoks_Kilisesi" title="Rus Ortodoks Kilisesi">Rus Ortodoks Kilisesi</a>'ne devredildi. </p><p>Yabancılar için şehir tamamen kapatıldı ve komşu <a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonya</a>'dan gelen nadir dostluk ziyaretleri dışında, neredeyse yabancılar tarafından ziyaret edilmedi.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:K%C3%B6nigsberger_schloss_schlossturm_sprengung_1959.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/K%C3%B6nigsberger_schloss_schlossturm_sprengung_1959.tif/lossless-page1-220px-K%C3%B6nigsberger_schloss_schlossturm_sprengung_1959.tif.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/K%C3%B6nigsberger_schloss_schlossturm_sprengung_1959.tif/lossless-page1-330px-K%C3%B6nigsberger_schloss_schlossturm_sprengung_1959.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/K%C3%B6nigsberger_schloss_schlossturm_sprengung_1959.tif/lossless-page1-440px-K%C3%B6nigsberger_schloss_schlossturm_sprengung_1959.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="1166" data-file-height="830" /></a><figcaption><b>Königsberg Kalesi</b>'nin patlayıcılar ile yıkılma anı (1959). Son kalıntılar 1968 yılında yok edilmiştir.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mimarların, tarihçilerin, yerel tarihçilerin ve sıradan sakinlerin protestolarına rağmen, eski şehir restore edilmedi ve Königsberg Kalesi'nin kalıntıları 1960'ların sonlarında <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brejnev" title="Leonid Brejnev">Leonid Brejnev</a>'in kişisel emriyle yıkıldı.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Savaştan hemen sonraki yıllarda açlık tehlikesiyle karşı karşıya kalan bölgenin "yeniden inşası", SSCB'nin ana balıkçı limanlarından birinin Kaliningrad şehrinde kurulmasıyla iddialı bir okyanus balıkçılığı politikası gerçekleştirildi. <a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1k%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Balıkçılık">Balıkçılık</a> yalnızca bölgesel ekonomiyi beslemekle kalmıyor, aynı zamanda sosyal ve bilimsel kalkınmanın, özellikle de <a href="/wiki/Okyanus_bilimi" title="Okyanus bilimi">oşinografinin</a> temelini oluşturuyordu. </p><p>1957'de, <a href="/wiki/Polonya_Halk_Cumhuriyeti" title="Polonya Halk Cumhuriyeti">Polonya Halk Cumhuriyeti</a> (o zamanlar Sovyet uydu devleti) ile <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">Sovyetler Birliği</a> arasındaki sınırı belirlemek için bir anlaşma imzalandı ve daha sonrada yürürlüğe girdi.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bölge, <a href="/wiki/Rusya_Sovyet_Federatif_Sosyalist_Cumhuriyeti" title="Rusya Sovyet Federatif Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti">Rusya SFSC</a>'sine yarı dış bölge olarak eklendi; 1946'dan beri <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast%C4%B1" title="Kaliningrad Oblastı">Kaliningrad Oblastı</a> olarak bilinmektedir. Bazı tarihçilere göre Stalin, Baltık devletlerini Batı'dan daha da ayırdığı için burayı <a href="/wiki/Litvanya_Sovyet_Sosyalist_Cumhuriyeti" title="Litvanya Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti">Litvanya SSC</a>'sinden ayrı bir bölge olarak düzenledi.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diğer kişiler ise bunun nedeninin bölgenin SSCB'nin Rusya dışında başka bir SSC'nin eline bırakılamayacak kadar stratejik olması olduğunu düşünüyor. </p><p>Bölge, kendi Komünist Parti komitesine sahip olmasına rağmen <a href="/wiki/Litvanya_Sovyet_Sosyalist_Cumhuriyeti" title="Litvanya Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti">Litvanya SSC</a>'nin planlama komitesi tarafından yönetiliyordu. 1950'lerde <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Kru%C5%9F%C3%A7ev" title="Nikita Kruşçev">Nikita Kruşçev</a>, Kaliningrad Oblastı'nın tamamını Litvanya SSC'sine teklif etti, ancak <a href="/wiki/Antanas_Snie%C4%8Dkus" title="Antanas Sniečkus">Antanas Sniečkus</a>, Litvanya'ya en az bir milyon etnik Rus katacağı için bölgeyi kabul etmeyi reddetti.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com.tr_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com.tr-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2010 yılında Alman dergisi <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>, Kaliningrad'ın 1990 yılında Almanya'ya (ödeme karşılığında) teklif edildiğini iddia eden bir haber yayınladı. Teklif, o zamanlar <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Almanya" title="Doğu Almanya">Doğu Almanya</a> ile yeniden birleşmeyi daha yüksek bir öncelik olarak gören <a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Almanya" title="Batı Almanya">Batı Almanya</a> hükûmeti tarafından ciddi bir şekilde değerlendirilmedi.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><big><b>Rusya Federasyonu</b></big> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Kaliningrad_05-2017_img04_Kant_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kaliningrad_05-2017_img04_Kant_Island.jpg/220px-Kaliningrad_05-2017_img04_Kant_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kaliningrad_05-2017_img04_Kant_Island.jpg/330px-Kaliningrad_05-2017_img04_Kant_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kaliningrad_05-2017_img04_Kant_Island.jpg/440px-Kaliningrad_05-2017_img04_Kant_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2455" data-file-height="3273" /></a><figcaption><b>Königsberg Katedrali</b></figcaption></figure> <p>Kaliningrad'ın hemen dışındaki <a href="/wiki/Baltiysk" title="Baltiysk">Baltiysk</a> kasabası, tüm yıl boyunca "buzsuz" olduğu söylenen tek Rus Baltık Denizi limanıdır ve bu nedenle bölge, <a href="/wiki/Balt%C4%B1k_Filosu" title="Baltık Filosu">Baltık Filosunun</a> bakımında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast%C4%B1" title="Kaliningrad Oblastı">Kaliningrad Oblastı</a>, Rusya Sovyet Federatif Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti'nin bir dış bölgesiydi ve 1991'de <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi%27nin_da%C4%9F%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1" title="Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılması">Sovyetler Birliği'nin çöküşüyle</a> bağımsız ülkeler tarafından <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a>'nın geri kalanından ayrıldı. Rusya'nın geri kalanından bu izolasyon, <a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonya</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Litvanya" title="Litvanya">Litvanya</a>'nın 2004 yılında <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>'ya ve ardından <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Avrupa Birliği">Avrupa Birliği</a>'ne üye olmasıyla siyasi olarak daha da belirgin hale geldi. Bölge ile Rusya'nın geri kalanı arasındaki tüm askeri ve sivil kara bağlantılarının NATO ve AB üyeleri üzerinden geçmesi gerekmektedir. Kolaylaştırılmış Transit Belgesi (FTD) ve Kolaylaştırılmış Demiryolu Transit Belgesi (FRTD) aracılığıyla bölgede yaşayanlar için özel seyahat düzenlemeleri yapılmıştır.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1990'larda komünist liderlerin anısına bazı Sovyet dönemi şehir isimleri değiştirilirken (örneğin, Leningrad'ın <a href="/wiki/Sankt-Peterburg" title="Sankt-Peterburg">Saint Petersburg</a>'a dönmesi ve Kalinin (aynı zamanda <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kalinin" title="Mihail Kalinin">Mikhail Kalinin</a>'den sonra <a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a>'e dönmesi gibi), Kaliningrad, şehir olmasına rağmen olduğu gibi adlandırılmaya devam edilmekte, bazen halk arasında König veya Kyonig (Rusça: Кёниг) olarak anılır.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Şehrin adı sorusu defalarca gündeme getirildi; 2009'da şehir idaresi başkanı Felix Lapin, şehrin tarihi adının geri dönüşünü bizzat desteklediğini söyledi ve 2011'de <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast%C4%B1" title="Kaliningrad Oblastı">Kaliningrad Oblastı</a> valisi Nikolay Tsukanov, şehrin tarihi isminin geri getirilmesi için referandum yapılabileceğini öne sürdü. sorunu çözdüğünü ancak isim değişikliğine karşı olduğunu belirtti.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bu tartışmalardan beri başka bir plan açıklanmadı ve 2022'de hükûmet, şehrin adını değiştirmenin "uygunsuz" olacağını resmen doğruladı.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vatandaşların daha önce görmezden gelinen Alman geçmişini incelemeye başlamasıyla, başta <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg_Katedrali" title="Königsberg Katedrali">Königsberg Katedrali</a> olmak üzere kültürel mirasın bir kısmı 1990'larda restore edildi.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1990'ların başından beri Kaliningrad bölgesi Serbest Ekonomik Bölge olmuştur. 2005 yılında şehir 750. yılını kutladı.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temmuz 2007'de Rusya Başbakan Yardımcısı <a href="/wiki/Sergey_%C4%B0vanov_(siyaset%C3%A7i)" title="Sergey İvanov (siyasetçi)">Sergei Ivanov</a>, ABD kontrolündeki füze savunma sistemlerinin <a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonya</a>'da konuşlandırılması halinde, Kaliningrad'da da <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCkleer_silah" title="Nükleer silah">nükleer silahların</a> konuşlandırılabileceğini açıkladı. 5 Kasım 2008'de Rusya Devlet Başkanı <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Medvedev" title="Dmitri Medvedev">Dimitri Medvedev</a>, Kaliningrad'a füze yerleştirilmesinin neredeyse kesin olduğunu söyledi. Ancak bu planlar Ocak 2009'da askıya alındı.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2011'in sonlarında, yaklaşık 6.000 kilometre (3.728 mil) mesafe içindeki füze fırlatmalarını izlemek için uzun menzilli bir Voronezh radarı devreye alındı. Kaliningrad Oblastı'ndaki <a href="/wiki/Pionerski" title="Pionerski">Pionersky</a> (eski adıyla Alman <i>Neukuhren</i>) yerleşim yerinde yer almaktadır.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coğrafya"><span id="Co.C4.9Frafya"></span>Coğrafya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Coğrafya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Coğrafya"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kaliningrad, <a href="/wiki/Balt%C4%B1k_Denizi" title="Baltık Denizi">Baltık Denizi'nin</a> bir girişi olan <a href="/wiki/Vist%C3%BCl_Lag%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Vistül Lagünü">Vistuül Lagünü</a>'ne dökülen, gemi ulaşımına elverişli Pregolya Nehri'nin ağzında yer almaktadır. </p><p>Deniz gemileri, Vistül Lagünü ve <a href="/wiki/Baltiysk_Bo%C4%9Faz%C4%B1" title="Baltiysk Boğazı">Baltiysk Boğazı</a> yoluyla <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_K%C3%B6rfezi" title="Gdańsk Körfezi">Gdańsk Körfezi/Danzig Körfezi</a> ve Baltık Denizi'ne erişebilir. </p><p><big><b>İklim</b></big> </p><p>Kaliningrad, okyanus iklimine (C sınıfı iklimler için seçilen izoterme bağlı olarak <i>Cfb</i>) veya nemli karasal iklime (D sınıfı iklimler için seçilen izoterme bağlı olarak <i>Dfb</i>), genellikle soğuk, bulutlu bir iklime sahiptir. Kış aylarında ılıman, yaz aylarında ise yağmurlu geçer. Ortalama sıcaklıklar -1,5 ila +18,1 °C (29,3 ila 64,6 °F) arasında değişir ve yağış miktarı 36,0 milimetre (1,42 inç)/ay ila 97,0 milimetre (3,82 inç)/ay arasında değişir. Genel olarak deniz etkilerine sahiptir ve bu nedenle nemli, değişken ve ılımandır ve temmuz ile ocak ayları arasında büyük sıcaklık farkları vardır. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nüfus"><span id="N.C3.BCfus"></span>Nüfus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Nüfus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Nüfus"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2020 yılı verilerine göre şehrin nüfusu 489.359'dur. Nüfusun; %84,4' ünü <a href="/wiki/Ruslar" title="Ruslar">Ruslar</a>, %4' ünü <a href="/wiki/Ukraynal%C4%B1lar" title="Ukraynalılar">Ukraynalılar</a>, %3,8' ini <a href="/wiki/Beyaz_Ruslar" class="mw-redirect" title="Beyaz Ruslar">Beyaz Ruslar</a>, %0,7' sini <a href="/wiki/Ermeniler" title="Ermeniler">Ermeniler</a>, %0,5' ini <a href="/wiki/Tatarlar" title="Tatarlar">Tatarlar</a>, %0,5' ini <a href="/wiki/Litvanlar" title="Litvanlar">Litvanlar</a>, %0,4' ünü etnik <a href="/wiki/Almanlar" title="Almanlar">Almanlar</a>, %0,3' ünü <a href="/wiki/Polonyal%C4%B1lar" title="Polonyalılar">Polonyalılar</a> ve geri kalan %2,4' ünü diğer milletlerden insanlar oluşturmaktadır. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2012/0517/analit01.php">"Система расселения России: тенденции к переменам"</a>. <i>www.demoscope.ru</i>. 26 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326032711/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2012/0517/analit01.php">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.demoscope.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%3A+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.demoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2F2012%2F0517%2Fanalit01.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/russia/cities/northwestern/">"Severo-Zapadnyj Federal'nyj Okrug / Northwestern Russia (Russia): Regions, Republics, Major Cities & Places - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information"</a>. <i>www.citypopulation.de</i>. 25 Ekim 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025180530/https://www.citypopulation.de/en/russia/cities/northwestern/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Severo-Zapadnyj+Federal%27nyj+Okrug+%2F+Northwestern+Russia+%28Russia%29%3A+Regions%2C+Republics%2C+Major+Cities+%26+Places+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Maps%2C+Charts%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Frussia%2Fcities%2Fnorthwestern%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607174254/https://bigenc.ru/geography/text/2035791">"КАЛИНИНГРАД • Большая российская энциклопедия - электронная версия"</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 7 Haziran 2019. 7 Haziran 2019 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/geography/text/2035791">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%93%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%94+%E2%80%A2+%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+-+%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2019-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigenc.ru%2Fgeography%2Ftext%2F2035791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urbanica.spb.ru/en/research/ratings/250-krupnejshih-promyshlennyh-tsentrov-ros-2/">"250 крупнейших промышленных центров России – Page 2 – Urbanica"</a> (İngilizce). 7 Nisan 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407101702/http://urbanica.spb.ru/en/research/ratings/250-krupnejshih-promyshlennyh-tsentrov-ros-2/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=250+%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%E2%80%93+Page+2+%E2%80%93+Urbanica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furbanica.spb.ru%2Fen%2Fresearch%2Fratings%2F250-krupnejshih-promyshlennyh-tsentrov-ros-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.ru/rating/30-luchshih-gorodov-dlya-biznesa-2013/2013">"30 лучших городов для бизнеса — 2013"</a>. <i>Forbes.ru</i> (Rusça). 25 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190725135159/https://www.forbes.ru/rating/30-luchshih-gorodov-dlya-biznesa-2013/2013">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes.ru&rft.atitle=30+%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0+%E2%80%94+2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.ru%2Frating%2F30-luchshih-gorodov-dlya-biznesa-2013%2F2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klops.ru/news/obschestvo/92516-kaliningrad-vklyuchili-v-spisok-krupneyshih-tsentrov-migratsionnogo-prityazheniya">"Калининград включили в список крупнейших центров миграционного притяжения"</a>. <i>klops.ru</i> (Rusça). 27 Haziran 2014. 7 Nisan 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407181508/https://klops.ru/news/obschestvo/92516-kaliningrad-vklyuchili-v-spisok-krupneyshih-tsentrov-migratsionnogo-prityazheniya">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=klops.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4+%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2014-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklops.ru%2Fnews%2Fobschestvo%2F92516-kaliningrad-vklyuchili-v-spisok-krupneyshih-tsentrov-migratsionnogo-prityazheniya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1945/450802a.html">"THE POTSDAM DECLARATION"</a>. <i>www.ibiblio.org</i>. 26 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326032805/http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1945/450802a.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ibiblio.org&rft.atitle=THE+POTSDAM+DECLARATION&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpha%2Fpolicy%2F1945%2F450802a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.klgd.ru/city/history/almanac/a5_4.php">"Администрация ГО "Город Калининград". История города"</a>. <i>www.klgd.ru</i>. 1 Şubat 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201084522/https://www.klgd.ru/city/history/almanac/a5_4.php">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.klgd.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%93%D0%9E+%22%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%22.+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.klgd.ru%2Fcity%2Fhistory%2Falmanac%2Fa5_4.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com.tr-9"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com.tr_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com.tr_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Bufon, Milan; Minghi, Julian; Paasi, Anssi (11 Şubat 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=GpoxBwAAQBAJ&q=kaliningrad&pg=PA97&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=kaliningrad&f=false"><i>The New European Frontiers: Social and Spatial (Re)Integration Issues in Multicultural and Border Regions</i></a> (İngilizce). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-4438-5936-3" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-4438-5936-3">978-1-4438-5936-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+European+Frontiers%3A+Social+and+Spatial+%28Re%29Integration+Issues+in+Multicultural+and+Border+Regions&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2024-02-11&rft.isbn=978-1-4438-5936-3&rft.aulast=Bufon&rft.aufirst=Milan&rft.au=Minghi%2C+Julian&rft.au=Paasi%2C+Anssi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGpoxBwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dkaliningrad%26pg%3DPA97%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Dsnippet%26q%3Dkaliningrad%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">ФС77-43520, © 2003-2024 «Новый Калининград Ru» Свидетельство о регистрации СМИ: Эл №; связи, выдано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере; использование, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций17 января 2011 г 18+ Данный сайт не предназначен для просмотра лицам младше 18 лет Любое; Сайта, Либо Копирование Материалов Или Подборки Материалов; Калининград, элементов дизайна и оформления допускается только с письменного разрешения правообладателя-ЗАО "Твик Маркетинг" Адрес: г; д.2-4, ул Гаражная; IV/"Б.Б.Б.1", лит/из лит (23 Mart 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newkaliningrad.ru/news/politics/k95640.html">"Калининград: От реликта России до процветающего города Прибалтики ("The Independent", Великобритания)"</a>. <i>www.newkaliningrad.ru</i> (Rusça). 17 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240117034005/https://www.newkaliningrad.ru/news/politics/k95640.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newkaliningrad.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%3A+%D0%9E%D1%82+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%28%22The+Independent%22%2C+%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%29&rft.date=2006-03-23&rft.aulast=%D0%A4%D0%A177-43520&rft.aufirst=%C2%A9+2003-2024+%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4+Ru%C2%BB+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%9C%D0%98%3A+%D0%AD%D0%BB+%E2%84%96&rft.au=%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B8%2C+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5&rft.au=%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%2C+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B917+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2011+%D0%B3+18%2B+%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B5+18+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5&rft.au=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%2C+%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.au=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%2C+%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D1%81+%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F-%D0%97%D0%90%D0%9E+%22%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%22+%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%3A+%D0%B3&rft.au=%D0%B4.2-4%2C+%D1%83%D0%BB+%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F&rft.au=IV%2F%22%D0%91.%D0%91.%D0%91.1%22%2C+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%2F%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newkaliningrad.ru%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fk95640.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.klgd.ru/city/history/almanac/a2_1.php">"Администрация ГО "Город Калининград". История города"</a>. <i>www.klgd.ru</i>. 25 Eylül 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925103426/https://www.klgd.ru/city/history/almanac/a2_1.php">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.klgd.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%93%D0%9E+%22%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%22.+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.klgd.ru%2Fcity%2Fhistory%2Falmanac%2Fa2_1.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/STATEFILES/POL.htm">"POLAND"</a>. <i>www.un.org</i>. 15 Kasım 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231115090449/http://www.un.org/depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/STATEFILES/POL.htm">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.un.org&rft.atitle=POLAND&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDepts%2Flos%2FLEGISLATIONANDTREATIES%2FSTATEFILES%2FPOL.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Gerhard L. Weinberg (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/visionsofvictory00wein"><i>Visions of victory</i></a>. Internet Archive. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-521-85254-8" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-521-85254-8">978-0-521-85254-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visions+of+victory&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-85254-8&rft.au=Gerhard+L.+Weinberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvisionsofvictory00wein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206033943/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/jul/31/kalingrad-kant-home-return-german">"Should Kant's home once again be German? | Russia | The Guardian"</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 6 Şubat 2021. 6 Şubat 2021 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/jul/31/kalingrad-kant-home-return-german">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=Should+Kant%27s+home+once+again+be+German%3F+%7C+Russia+%7C+The+Guardian&rft.date=2021-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2010%2Fjul%2F31%2Fkalingrad-kant-home-return-german&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/facilitated-transit-document-ftd-and-facilitated-rail-transit-document-frtd.html">"Facilitated transit document (FTD) and facilitated rail transit document (FRTD) | EUR-Lex"</a>. <i>eur-lex.europa.eu</i> (İngilizce). 9 Nisan 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409131255/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/facilitated-transit-document-ftd-and-facilitated-rail-transit-document-frtd.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eur-lex.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Facilitated+transit+document+%28FTD%29+and+facilitated+rail+transit+document+%28FRTD%29+%7C+EUR-Lex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FEN%2Flegal-content%2Fsummary%2Ffacilitated-transit-document-ftd-and-facilitated-rail-transit-document-frtd.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/6667/">"Kaliningraders want old name Koenigsberg back"</a>. <i>www.baltictimes.com</i>. 1 Aralık 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231201001155/https://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/6667/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.baltictimes.com&rft.atitle=Kaliningraders+want+old+name+Koenigsberg+back&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltictimes.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F6667%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rosbalt.ru/russia/2011/09/21/892249.html">"Вопрос о переименовании Калининграда может быть решен на референдуме"</a>. <i>Росбалт</i> (Rusça). 11 Şubat 2024. 26 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326033003/https://www.rosbalt.ru/russia/2011/09/21/892249.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81+%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5&rft.date=2024-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rosbalt.ru%2Frussia%2F2011%2F09%2F21%2F892249.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/62c304499a79470c66b630bf">"В Калининграде сочли неуместной идею переименовать город во Владибалтийск"</a>. <i>РБК</i> (Rusça). 4 Temmuz 2022. 14 Şubat 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240214214102/https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/62c304499a79470c66b630bf">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%91%D0%9A&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8E+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA&rft.date=2022-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbc.ru%2Frbcfreenews%2F62c304499a79470c66b630bf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2015/0726/Living-on-Prussia-s-ruins-Kaliningraders-embrace-Germanic-past">"Living on Prussia's ruins, Kaliningraders embrace Germanic past"</a>. <i>Christian Science Monitor</i>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729">0882-7729</a>. 9 Kasım 2017 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171109144557/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2015/0726/Living-on-Prussia-s-ruins-Kaliningraders-embrace-Germanic-past">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Living+on+Prussia%27s+ruins%2C+Kaliningraders+embrace+Germanic+past&rft.issn=0882-7729&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FEurope%2F2015%2F0726%2FLiving-on-Prussia-s-ruins-Kaliningraders-embrace-Germanic-past&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/03/world/europe/kaliningrads-750th-anniversary.html">"Kaliningrad's 750th anniversary"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> (İngilizce). 3 Temmuz 2005. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 16 Nisan 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416164213/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/03/world/europe/kaliningrads-750th-anniversary.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kaliningrad%27s+750th+anniversary&rft.date=2005-07-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F07%2F03%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fkaliningrads-750th-anniversary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak haber">Harding, Luke (28 Ocak 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jan/28/russia-missiles-kaliningrad-obama">"Russia scraps plan to deploy nuclear-capable missiles in Kaliningrad"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (İngilizce). <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. 16 Ocak 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116212911/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jan/28/russia-missiles-kaliningrad-obama">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+scraps+plan+to+deploy+nuclear-capable+missiles+in+Kaliningrad&rft.date=2009-01-28&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fjan%2F28%2Frussia-missiles-kaliningrad-obama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Sudakov, Dmitry (28 Kasım 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.pravda.ru/russia/119757-russia_radar_europe/">"Russia's new radar to monitor all Europe including Britain"</a>. <i>PravdaReport</i> (İngilizce). 4 Haziran 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604005642/https://english.pravda.ru/russia/119757-russia_radar_europe/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 11 Şubat 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PravdaReport&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+new+radar+to+monitor+all+Europe+including+Britain&rft.date=2011-11-28&rft.aulast=Sudakov&rft.aufirst=Dmitry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.pravda.ru%2Frussia%2F119757-russia_radar_europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKaliningrad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560057">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560105">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560075">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons'ta <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kaliningrad" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kaliningrad"><span style="">Kaliningrad</span></a></b></i> ile ilgili ortam dosyaları bulunmaktadır.</div></div> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rusya&#039;daki_şehirler" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Rusya%27daki_%C5%9Fehirler" title="Şablon:Rusya'daki şehirler"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Rusya%27daki_%C5%9Fehirler" title="Şablon tartışma:Rusya'daki şehirler"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Rusya%27daki_%C5%9Fehirler&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rusya&#039;daki_şehirler" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rusya%27daki_%C5%9Fehirler_listesi" title="Rusya'daki şehirler listesi">Rusya'daki şehirler</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10 000 000 + şehirler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Moskova" title="Moskova">Moskova</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkent" title="Başkent">başkent</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4 000 000 + şehirler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sankt-Peterburg" title="Sankt-Peterburg">Sankt-Peterburg</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1 000 000 + şehirler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nijni_Novgorod" title="Nijni Novgorod">Nijni Novgorod</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kazan,_Tataristan" title="Kazan, Tataristan">Kazan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a> · <a href="/wiki/Omsk" title="Omsk">Omsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%87elyabinsk" title="Çelyabinsk">Çelyabinsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rostov-na-Donu" title="Rostov-na-Donu">Rostov-na-Donu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500 000 + şehirler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Perm" title="Perm">Perm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a> · <a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk" title="Krasnoyarsk">Krasnoyarsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Voronej" title="Voronej">Voronej</a> · <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tolyatti" title="Tolyatti">Tolyatti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0jevsk" title="İjevsk">İjevsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Barnaul" title="Barnaul">Barnaul</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0rkutsk" title="İrkutsk">İrkutsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Habarovsk" title="Habarovsk">Habarovsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCmen,_Rusya" title="Tümen, Rusya">Tümen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a> · <a href="/wiki/Novokuznetsk" title="Novokuznetsk">Novokuznetsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kemerovo" title="Kemerovo">Kemerovo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yar%C3%A7all%C4%B1" title="Yarçallı">Yarçallı</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tomsk" title="Tomsk">Tomsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a> · <a href="/wiki/Astrahan" title="Astrahan">Astrahan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">250 000 + şehirler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tula" title="Tula">Tula</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maha%C3%A7kale" title="Mahaçkale">Mahaçkale</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblastı">Kirov</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eupa%C5%9Fkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Şupaşkar">Şupaşkar</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kaliningrad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Magnitogorsk" title="Magnitogorsk">Magnitogorsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0vanovo" title="İvanovo">İvanovo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ulan-Ude" title="Ulan-Ude">Ulan-Ude</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nijni_Tagil" title="Nijni Tagil">Nijni Tagil</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a> · <a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arhangelsk" title="Arhangelsk">Arhangelsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/So%C3%A7i" title="Soçi">Soçi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Rusya" title="Vladimir, Rusya">Vladimir</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kurgan" title="Kurgan">Kurgan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a> · <a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%87erepovets" title="Çerepovets">Çerepovets</a> · <a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ita,_Rusya" title="Çita, Rusya">Çita</a> · <a href="/wiki/Voljski" title="Voljski">Voljski</a> · <a href="/wiki/Surgut" title="Surgut">Surgut</a> · <a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sterlitamak" title="Sterlitamak">Sterlitamak</a> · <a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Komsomolsk-na-Amure" title="Komsomolsk-na-Amure">Komsomolsk-na-Amure</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nal%C3%A7ik" title="Nalçik">Nalçik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yakutsk" title="Yakutsk">Yakutsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Taganrog" title="Taganrog">Taganrog</a> · <a href="/wiki/Grozni" title="Grozni">Grozni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bratsk" title="Bratsk">Bratsk</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100 000 + şehirler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yo%C5%9Fkar-Ola" title="Yoşkar-Ola">Yoşkar-Ola</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nijnevartovsk" title="Nijnevartovsk">Nijnevartovsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eaht%C4%B1" title="Şahtı">Şahtı</a> · <a href="/wiki/Orsk" title="Orsk">Orsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dzerjinsk" title="Dzerjinsk">Dzerjinsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Angarsk" title="Angarsk">Angarsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1kt%C4%B1vkar" title="Sıktıvkar">Sıktıvkar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Novorossiysk" title="Novorossiysk">Novorossiysk</a> · <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbenkama" class="mw-redirect" title="Tübenkama">Tübenkama</a> · <a href="/wiki/Star%C4%B1y_Oskol" title="Starıy Oskol">Starıy Oskol</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biysk" title="Biysk">Biysk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod">Veliki Novgorod</a> · <a href="/wiki/Prokopyevsk" title="Prokopyevsk">Prokopyevsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> · <a href="/wiki/R%C4%B1binsk" title="Rıbinsk">Rıbinsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Blagove%C5%9F%C3%A7ensk" title="Blagoveşçensk">Blagoveşçensk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norilsk" title="Norilsk">Norilsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bala%C5%9Fiha" title="Balaşiha">Balaşiha</a> · <a href="/wiki/Balakovo" title="Balakovo">Balakovo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Petropavlovsk-Kam%C3%A7atski" title="Petropavlovsk-Kamçatski">Petropavlovsk-Kamçatski</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Himki" title="Himki">Himki</a> · <a href="/wiki/Armavir,_Rusya" title="Armavir, Rusya">Armavir</a> · <a href="/wiki/Severodvinsk" title="Severodvinsk">Severodvinsk</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elatoust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elatoust (sayfa mevcut değil)">Elatoust</a> · <a href="/wiki/Podolsk" title="Podolsk">Podolsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kamensk-Uralski" title="Kamensk-Uralski">Kamensk-Uralski</a> · <a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1zran" title="Sızran">Sızran</a> · <a href="/wiki/Novo%C3%A7erkassk" title="Novoçerkassk">Novoçerkassk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Korolyov" title="Sergey Korolyov">Sergey Korolyov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yujno-Sahalinsk" title="Yujno-Sahalinsk">Yujno-Sahalinsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Volgodonsk" title="Volgodonsk">Volgodonsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nahodka" title="Nahodka">Nahodka</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1ti%C5%9F%C3%A7i" title="Mıtişçi">Mıtişçi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Berezniki" title="Berezniki">Berezniki</a> · <a href="/wiki/Abakan" title="Abakan">Abakan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lyuberts%C4%B1" title="Lyubertsı">Lyubertsı</a> · <a href="/wiki/Salavat" title="Salavat">Salavat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rubtsovsk" title="Rubtsovsk">Rubtsovsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ussuriysk" title="Ussuriysk">Ussuriysk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Miass" title="Miass">Miass</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kovrov" title="Kovrov">Kovrov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kolomna" title="Kolomna">Kolomna</a> · <a href="/wiki/Elektrostal" title="Elektrostal">Elektrostal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pyatigorsk" title="Pyatigorsk">Pyatigorsk</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almetyevsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almetyevsk (sayfa mevcut değil)">Almetyevsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nazran" title="Nazran">Nazran</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kopeysk" title="Kopeysk">Kopeysk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pervouralsk" title="Pervouralsk">Pervouralsk</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Novomoskovsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novomoskovsk (sayfa mevcut değil)">Novomoskovsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hasavyurt" title="Hasavyurt">Hasavyurt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kislovodsk" title="Kislovodsk">Kislovodsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jeleznodorojni" title="Jeleznodorojni">Jeleznodorojni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nevinnom%C4%B1ssk" title="Nevinnomıssk">Nevinnomıssk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dimitrovgrad,_Rusya" title="Dimitrovgrad, Rusya">Dimitrovgrad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Novo%C3%A7eboksarsk" title="Novoçeboksarsk">Novoçeboksarsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Serpuhov" title="Serpuhov">Serpuhov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Orehovo-Zuyevo" title="Orehovo-Zuyevo">Orehovo-Zuyevo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nov%C4%B1y_Urengoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Novıy Urengoy">Novıy Urengoy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neftekamsk" title="Neftekamsk">Neftekamsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nefteyugansk" title="Nefteyugansk">Nefteyugansk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Murom" title="Murom">Murom</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%87erkessk" title="Çerkessk">Çerkessk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kam%C4%B1%C5%9Fin" title="Kamışin">Kamışin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Noginsk" title="Noginsk">Noginsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Novo%C5%9Fahtinsk" title="Novoşahtinsk">Novoşahtinsk</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derbent,_Rusya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derbent, Rusya (sayfa mevcut değil)">Derbent</a> · <a href="/wiki/Noyabrsk" title="Noyabrsk">Noyabrsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yelets" title="Yelets">Yelets</a> · <a href="/wiki/Novokuyb%C4%B1%C5%9Fevsk" title="Novokuybışevsk">Novokuybışevsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A7insk" title="Açinsk">Açinsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l_(%C5%9Fehir)" title="Kızıl (şehir)">Kızıl</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oktyabrski" title="Oktyabrski">Oktyabrski</a> · <a href="/wiki/Odintsovo" title="Odintsovo">Odintsovo</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%A7yolkovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Şçyolkovo">Şçyolkovo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Seversk" title="Seversk">Seversk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sergiyev_Posad" title="Sergiyev Posad">Sergiyev Posad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Obninsk" title="Obninsk">Obninsk</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arzamas,_Rusya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arzamas, Rusya (sayfa mevcut değil)">Arzamas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jukovski" title="Jukovski">Jukovski</a> · <a href="/wiki/Leninsk-Kuznetski" title="Leninsk-Kuznetski">Leninsk-Kuznetski</a> · <a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk" title="Krasnogorsk">Krasnogorsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bataysk" title="Bataysk">Bataysk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kiselyovsk" title="Kiselyovsk">Kiselyovsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mejdure%C3%A7ensk" title="Mejdureçensk">Mejdureçensk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uhta" title="Uhta">Uhta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a> · <a href="/wiki/Artyom" title="Artyom">Artyom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Novotroytsk" title="Novotroytsk">Novotroytsk</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1829&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1829&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otorite_kontrol%C3%BC" title="Otorite kontrolü">Otorite kontrolü</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1829" title="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin"><img alt="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fransa_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Fransa Millî Kütüphanesi">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153803910">cb153803910</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153803910">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCmle%C5%9Fik_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Tümleşik Otorite Dosyası">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4031541-1">4031541-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kongre_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi_Kontrol_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Kongre Kütüphanesi Kontrol Numarası">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81086433">n81086433</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/859d0728-69cb-49b7-839c-6a969f38765c">859d0728-69cb-49b7-839c-6a969f38765c</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Ar%C5%9Fivler_ve_Kay%C4%B1tlar_%C4%B0daresi" title="Ulusal Arşivler ve Kayıtlar İdaresi">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045601">10045601</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_Diyet_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Millî Diyet Kütüphanesi">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01111417">01111417</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ek_Cumhuriyeti_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Çek Cumhuriyeti Millî Kütüphanesi">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge151717&CON_LNG=ENG">ge151717</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail_Ulusal_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="İsrail Ulusal Kütüphanesi">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007550525105171">987007550525105171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_ve_%C3%9Cniversite_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi_(Zagreb)" title="Millî ve Üniversite Kütüphanesi (Zagreb)">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000347859&local_base=nsk10">000347859</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/237709">237709</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cniversiteleraras%C4%B1_Belgeleme_Sistemi" title="Üniversitelerarası Belgeleme Sistemi">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02752809X">02752809X</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Sanal_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Sanal Otorite Dosyası">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316747564">316747564</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> (LCCN): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81-086433">n81-086433</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&oldid=34722197">https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&oldid=34722197</a>" sayfasından alınmıştır</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Kategoriler" title="Özel:Kategoriler">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kaliningrad" title="Kategori:Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Hansa_Birli%C4%9Fi_%C3%BCyeleri" title="Kategori:Hansa Birliği üyeleri">Hansa Birliği üyeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rusya%27daki_%C5%9Fehirler" title="Kategori:Rusya'daki şehirler">Rusya'daki şehirler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rusya%27daki_%C5%9Fehirlerin_tarihi" title="Kategori:Rusya'daki şehirlerin tarihi">Rusya'daki şehirlerin tarihi</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Gizli kategoriler: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alan_kodu_bilgisi_i%C3%A7eren_yerle%C5%9Fim_bilgi_kutusu_kullan%C4%B1lan_sayfalar" title="Kategori:Alan kodu bilgisi içeren yerleşim bilgi kutusu kullanılan sayfalar">Alan kodu bilgisi içeren yerleşim bilgi kutusu kullanılan sayfalar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Commons_kategori_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1s%C4%B1_Vikiveri%27de_tan%C4%B1ml%C4%B1_olan_sayfalar" title="Kategori:Commons kategori bağlantısı Vikiveri'de tanımlı olan sayfalar">Commons kategori bağlantısı Vikiveri'de tanımlı olan sayfalar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:BNF_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:BNF tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">BNF tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:GND_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:GND tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">GND tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:LCCN_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:LCCN tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">LCCN tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:MusicBrainz_area_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:MusicBrainz area tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">MusicBrainz area tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:NARA_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:NARA tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">NARA tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:NDL_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:NDL tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">NDL tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:NKC_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:NKC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">NKC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:NLI_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:NLI tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">NLI tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:NSK_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:NSK tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">NSK tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:SELIBR_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:SELIBR tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">SELIBR tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:SUDOC_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:SUDOC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">SUDOC tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:VIAF_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olan_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:VIAF tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri">VIAF tanımlayıcısı olan Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:WorldCat-LCCN_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1_i%C3%A7eren_Vikipedi_maddeleri" title="Kategori:WorldCat-LCCN tanımlayıcısı içeren Vikipedi maddeleri">WorldCat-LCCN tanımlayıcısı içeren Vikipedi maddeleri</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sayfa en son 18.30, 31 Ocak 2025 tarihinde değiştirildi.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Metin <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tr">Creative Commons Atıf-AynıLisanslaPaylaş Lisansı</a> altındadır ve ek koşullar uygulanabilir. Bu siteyi kullanarak <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/tr">Kullanım Şartlarını</a> ve <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/tr">Gizlilik Politikasını</a> kabul etmiş olursunuz.<br />Vikipedi® (ve Wikipedia®) kâr amacı gütmeyen kuruluş olan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a> tescilli markasıdır.<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Gizlilik politikası</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Hakk%C4%B1nda">Vikipedi hakkında</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Genel_sorumluluk_reddi">Sorumluluk reddi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Davranış Kuralları</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Geliştiriciler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/tr.wikipedia.org">İstatistikler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Çerez politikası</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//tr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaliningrad&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobil görünüm</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ara</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Vikipedi üzerinde ara"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Özel:Ara"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ara</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaliningrad</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>132 dil</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Konu ekle</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d859b9dc9-txq4k","wgBackendResponseTime":141,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.572","walltime":"0.767","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4331,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":99731,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2980,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":39480,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 645.537 1 -total"," 31.99% 206.507 1 Şablon:Kaynakça"," 23.06% 148.848 1 Şablon:Yerleşim_bilgi_kutusu"," 22.26% 143.689 17 Şablon:Web_kaynağı"," 19.85% 128.128 1 Şablon:Commons_kategori"," 18.96% 122.416 1 Şablon:Bilgi_kutusu"," 9.83% 63.439 1 Şablon:Rusya'daki_şehirler"," 9.36% 60.407 1 Şablon:Dolaşım"," 8.72% 56.281 1 Şablon:Otorite_kontrolü"," 5.46% 35.270 1 Şablon:Commons"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.313","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4086970,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-d859b9dc9-qhn4x","timestamp":"20250218095350","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Kaliningrad","url":"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kaliningrad","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1829","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1829","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia projelerine katk\u0131da bulunanlar"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-03-31T16:05:19Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/05\/Kaliningrad_Montage_%282016%29.png"}</script> </body> </html>