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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_edition_(Imperial_edition)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_edition_(Imperial_edition)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>First edition (Imperial edition)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_edition_(Imperial_edition)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_edition_(Panckoucke_edition)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_edition_(Panckoucke_edition)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Second edition (Panckoucke edition)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_edition_(Panckoucke_edition)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1" title="وصف مصر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وصف مصر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte" title="Description de l'Égypte – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Description de l'Égypte" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte" title="Description de l'Égypte – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Description de l'Égypte" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte" title="Description de l'Égypte – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Description de l'Égypte" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%89gypte" title="Description de l’Égypte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Description de l’Égypte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%89gypte" title="Description de l’Égypte – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Description de l’Égypte" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte" title="Description de l'Égypte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Description de l'Égypte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte" title="Description de l'Égypte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Description de l'Égypte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte" title="Description de l'Égypte – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Description de l'Égypte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="תיאור מצרים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תיאור מצרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1" title="وصف مصر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وصف مصر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%89gypte" title="Description de l’Égypte – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Description de l’Égypte" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte" title="Description de l'Égypte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Description de l'Égypte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Описание Египта – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Описание Египта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Опис Египта – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Опис Египта" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%84%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83" title="Опис Єгипту – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Опис Єгипту" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%A8%98%E8%BF%B0" title="埃及記述 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃及記述" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">19th-century French book series about Egypt</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Description de l'Égypte (disambiguation)">Description de l'Égypte (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid 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.hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte" class="extiw" title="fr:Description de l'Égypte">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>.  <i><small>(March 2020)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDescription_de_l%27%C3%89gypte&sl=fr&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the French article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Consider <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Expand_French#Topics_and_categorization" title="Template:Expand French">adding a topic</a></b> to this template: there are already 1,627 articles in the <a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_French_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles needing translation from French Wikipedia">main category</a>, and specifying<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|topic=</code> will aid in categorization.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Description de l'Égypte]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Description de l'Égypte}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte" title="Talk:Description de l'Égypte">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">The Description of Egypt <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Description+of+Egypt&rft.author=%5B%5BCommission+des+Sciences+et+des+Arts%7CCommission+des+sciences+et+arts+d%27Egypte%5D%5D&rft.date=1809%E2%80%9322&rft.pub=French+government&rft.place=France"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Description_de_l%C2%B4Egypte_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Description_de_l%C2%B4Egypte_1.jpg/300px-Description_de_l%C2%B4Egypte_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="418" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Description_de_l%C2%B4Egypte_1.jpg/450px-Description_de_l%C2%B4Egypte_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Description_de_l%C2%B4Egypte_1.jpg/600px-Description_de_l%C2%B4Egypte_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="1055" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commission_des_Sciences_et_des_Arts" title="Commission des Sciences et des Arts">Commission des sciences et arts d'Egypte</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original title</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Description de l'Égypte</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data">French government</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1809–22</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">France</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i><b>Description de l'Égypte</b></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[dɛskʁipsjɔ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>də<span class="wrap"> </span>leʒipt]</a></span>, <i>"Description of Egypt"</i>) was a series of publications, appearing first in 1809 and continuing until the final volume appeared in 1829, which aimed to comprehensively catalog all known aspects of ancient and modern Egypt as well as its natural history. It is the collaborative work of about 160 civilian scholars and scientists, known popularly as the savants, who accompanied <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Bonaparte</a>'s <a href="/wiki/French_Invasion_of_Egypt_(1798)" class="mw-redirect" title="French Invasion of Egypt (1798)">expedition to Egypt</a> in 1798 to 1801 as part of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a>, as well as about 2000 artists and technicians, including 400 engravers, who would later compile it into a full work. At the time of its publication, it was the largest known published work in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The full title of the work is <i>Description de l'Égypte, ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française, publié par les orders de Sa Majesté l'Empereur Napoléon le Grand</i> (English: <i>Description of Egypt, or the collection of observations and researches which were made in Egypt during the expedition of the French Army, published by the order of His Majesty the Emperor, Napoleon the Great</i>). The cartographic section, <i><a href="/wiki/Carte_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_(Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte)" title="Carte de l'Égypte (Description de l'Égypte)">Carte de l'Égypte</a></i>, had approximately 50 plates of maps, was the first <a href="/wiki/Triangulation_(surveying)" title="Triangulation (surveying)">triangulation-based</a> map of Egypt, Syria and Palestine, and was used as the basis for most maps of the region for much of the nineteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarmon1960155_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarmon1960155-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchelhaasFaehndrichGoren201766_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchelhaasFaehndrichGoren201766-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Edward Said's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Orientalism_(book)" title="Orientalism (book)">Orientalism</a>,</i> Said refers to the "enormous" series critically as "that great collective appropriation of one country by another".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Approximately 160 civilian scholars and scientists, known as the savants, many drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_France" title="Institut de France">Institut de France</a>, collaborated on the <i>Description</i>. Collectively they comprised the <a href="/wiki/Commission_des_Sciences_et_Arts_d%27%C3%89gypte" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission des Sciences et Arts d'Égypte">Commission des Sciences et Arts d'Égypte</a>. About a third of them would later also become members of the <a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%89gypte" title="Institut d'Égypte">Institut d'Egypte</a>. </p><p>In late August 1798, on the order of Napoleon also known as N.P., the Institut d'Égypte was founded in the palace of Hassan-Kashif on the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Monge" title="Gaspard Monge">Gaspard Monge</a> as president.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structure of the institute was based on the Institut de France. The institute housed a library, laboratories, workshops, and the savants' various Egyptian collections. The workshop was particularly important, supplying both the army as well as the savants with necessary equipment. Many new instruments were constructed as well, to replace those lost during the sinking of the French fleet in August 1798 at <a href="/wiki/Aboukir_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboukir Bay">Aboukir Bay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Battle of the Nile</a>) and the Cairo riot of October 1798. </p><p>One of the goals of the institute was to propagate knowledge. To this end, the savants published a journal, <i>La Décade égyptienne</i>, as well as a newspaper, the <i><a href="/wiki/Courrier_de_l%27%C3%89gypte" class="mw-redirect" title="Courrier de l'Égypte">Courrier de l'Égypte</a></i>, which disseminated information about the French occupation and the activities of the French army, the Commission des Sciences et Arts d'Égypte, and the Institute itself. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Description_de_l%27Egypte,_Etat_Moderne,_Plate_87,_Views_of_Qait_Bey_Fortress_and_the_Diamant_Rock,_drawn_c.1798,_published_in_the_Panckoucke_edition_of_1821-9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Description_de_l%27Egypte%2C_Etat_Moderne%2C_Plate_87%2C_Views_of_Qait_Bey_Fortress_and_the_Diamant_Rock%2C_drawn_c.1798%2C_published_in_the_Panckoucke_edition_of_1821-9.jpg/400px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Description_de_l%27Egypte%2C_Etat_Moderne%2C_Plate_87%2C_Views_of_Qait_Bey_Fortress_and_the_Diamant_Rock%2C_drawn_c.1798%2C_published_in_the_Panckoucke_edition_of_1821-9.jpg/600px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Description_de_l%27Egypte%2C_Etat_Moderne%2C_Plate_87%2C_Views_of_Qait_Bey_Fortress_and_the_Diamant_Rock%2C_drawn_c.1798%2C_published_in_the_Panckoucke_edition_of_1821-9.jpg/800px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Plate 87, "Views of Qait Bey Fortress and the Diamant Rock", published in the Panckoucke edition of 1821–9</figcaption></figure> <p>The vision of a single comprehensive publication amalgamating all that the French discovered in Egypt was conceived already in November 1798, when <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fourier" title="Joseph Fourier">Joseph Fourier</a> was entrusted with the task of uniting the reports from the various disciplines for later publication. When the French army left Egypt in 1801, the savants took with them large quantities of unpublished notes, drawings, and various collections of smaller artefacts that they could smuggle unnoticed past the British. </p><p>In February 1802, at the instigation of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Antoine_Chaptal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Antoine Chaptal">Jean Antoine Chaptal</a>, the French Minister of the Interior, and by decree of Napoleon, a commission was established to manage the preparation of the large amount of data for a single publication. The final work would draw data from the already-published journal <i>La Décade</i>, the newspaper <i>Courier de l'Égypte</i>, the four-volume <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9moires_sur_l%27%C3%89gypte" title="Mémoires sur l'Égypte">Mémoires sur l'Égypte</a></i> (published 1798 to 1801) and an abundance of notes and illustrations from the various scholars and scientists. The huge volume of information to be published meant adopting an apparently haphazard modus operandi: when sufficiently many plates or text on a particular subject were ready, the information was published. Despite this, publication of the first edition took over 20 years. </p><p>The first test volumes of engravings were presented to Napoleon in January 1808. Initially published by order of the emperor (Napoleon le Grand), successive volumes would be published by order of the king, and the last simply by order of the government. </p><p>A second edition (known as the Panckoucke edition) was published by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_Fleury_Panckoucke" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Louis Fleury Panckoucke">Charles Louis Fleury Panckoucke</a>. The text was expanded in more volumes and printed in a smaller format, new pulls were taken from the plates, and these were bound with many of the large format plates folded in the smaller format volumes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Murad_Bey_by_Dutertre_in_Description_de_l_Egypte_1809.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Murad_Bey_by_Dutertre_in_Description_de_l_Egypte_1809.jpg/220px-Murad_Bey_by_Dutertre_in_Description_de_l_Egypte_1809.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Murad_Bey_by_Dutertre_in_Description_de_l_Egypte_1809.jpg/330px-Murad_Bey_by_Dutertre_in_Description_de_l_Egypte_1809.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Murad_Bey_by_Dutertre_in_Description_de_l_Egypte_1809.jpg/440px-Murad_Bey_by_Dutertre_in_Description_de_l_Egypte_1809.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="1635" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Murad_Bey" title="Murad Bey">Murad Bey</a> by Dutertre in <i>Description de l'Égypte</i>, 1809</figcaption></figure> <p>The typographical quality of the texts, the beauty of engravings, and the unusual formats (the Mammutfolio is 1m x 0.81m) makes <i>Description de l'Égypte</i> an exceptional work. </p><p>The first edition usually consists of nine volumes of text, one volume with description of the plates and ten volumes of plates. Two additional volumes in Mammut size (also called Elephant plates) contain plates from <i>Antiquités</i> and <i>État moderne</i> and finally one volume of map plates (Atlas), making for twenty-three volumes in all. Variants in the number of volumes do exist. </p><p>The second edition usually consists of thirty-seven volumes, with twenty-four volumes bound in twenty-six books (volume eighteen is a volume split in three books) of text, volume number ten being the description of the plates and ten volumes of plates, plus one volume of maps. The second edition was made at less cost, and is in black and white; the frontispiece, however, is rendered in full color. </p><p>The ten volumes of plates consists of 894 plates, made from over 3000 drawings, most of them located in <i>Histoire naturelle</i> volume I and II. Some of these plates contain over 100 individual engravings of flora or fauna on a single plate. 38 of the plates are hand coloured. Some variants of the work may contain a few more plates: for example <i><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Shapero" title="Bernard Shapero">Bernard J. Shapero Rare Books</a></i> list a 38 volume second edition with 909 plates.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_plates">The plates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The plates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The plates have been republished partly in different works, most notable by "Bibliothèque Image", <a href="/wiki/Taschen" title="Taschen">Taschen GmbH</a>, and "Institut d'Orient" in 1988 and a subsequent edition in 1990. </p><p>All the illustrations from the 10 volumes of plates from first edition are visible as galleries in Commons: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9s,_planches,_Tome_premier" class="extiw" title="c:Antiquités, planches, Tome premier">Antiquités, planches, Tome I</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9s,_planches,_Tome_deuxi%C3%A8me" class="extiw" title="c:Antiquités, planches, Tome deuxième">Antiquités, planches, Tome II</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9s,_planches,_Tome_troisi%C3%A8me" class="extiw" title="c:Antiquités, planches, Tome troisième">Antiquités, planches, Tome III</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9s,_planches,_Tome_quatri%C3%A8me" class="extiw" title="c:Antiquités, planches, Tome quatrième">Antiquités, planches, Tome IV</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9s,_planches,_Tome_cinqui%C3%A8me" class="extiw" title="c:Antiquités, planches, Tome cinquième">Antiquités, planches, Tome V</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_moderne._planches,_Tome_premi%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="c:État moderne. planches, Tome première">État moderne. planches, Tome I</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_moderne,_planches,_Tome_deuxi%C3%A8me" class="extiw" title="c:État moderne, planches, Tome deuxième">État moderne. planches, Tome II</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Histoire_naturelle,_planches,_Tome_premier" class="extiw" title="c:Histoire naturelle, planches, Tome premier">Histoire naturelle, planches, Tome I</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Histoire_naturelle,_planches,_Tome_deuxi%C3%A8me" class="extiw" title="c:Histoire naturelle, planches, Tome deuxième">Histoire naturelle, planches, Tome II et II bis</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Carte_topographique_de_l%27Egypte" class="extiw" title="c:Carte topographique de l'Egypte">Carte topographique de l’Égypte</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NileDeltaNapoleon01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Nile delta in 1800." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/NileDeltaNapoleon01.jpg/220px-NileDeltaNapoleon01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/NileDeltaNapoleon01.jpg/330px-NileDeltaNapoleon01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/NileDeltaNapoleon01.jpg/440px-NileDeltaNapoleon01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3150" data-file-height="2178" /></a><figcaption>Map of Lower Egypt during the <a href="/wiki/French_Campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French Campaign in Egypt and Syria">expedition</a> of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, to be used for the report on the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Canal</a> between two seas</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Description de l'Égypte</i> has been credited with starting the field of <a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Egyptology</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although one historian has argued that the general conception and often-repeated idea that this is a unique and unprecedented work is inaccurate.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This aside, many still consider the <i>Description</i> to be foundational to the modern fields of many anthropological and geological sciences; including zoology, geography, and topography, as well as research in various types of hydrology.<sup id="cite_ref-Godlewska-1995_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Godlewska-1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work was created as propaganda to push European cultural hegemony across Napoleon's empire.<sup id="cite_ref-Godlewska-1995_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Godlewska-1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It intended to establish the French as the good caretakers of a neglected land of potential. It excused the teams of researchers studying everything in Egypt to see how the French Empire could profit off of their new territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Godlewska-1995_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Godlewska-1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The information gathered for <i>Description</i> went on to inform French policies and proposals surrounding Egypt, which were adopted by Egyptian leaders for administration in the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maps made for the <i>Description</i> (dubbed <i><a href="/wiki/Carte_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_(Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte)" title="Carte de l'Égypte (Description de l'Égypte)">Carte de l'Egypte</a></i>) were used in the plans for a canal through the Isthmus of Suez, amongst other major canals in Egypt for the next several decades.<sup id="cite_ref-Godlewska-1995_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Godlewska-1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maps themselves were also written in the Latin alphabet instead of the Arabic alphabet. In her article "Map, Text and Image. The Mentality of Enlightened Conquerors", Dr. Anne Godlewska discusses how this was a deliberate choice where "the landscape of Egypt was to be changed from a 'chaos of Arabic names' to European Order."<sup id="cite_ref-Godlewska-1995_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Godlewska-1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%8Ele_d%27%C3%89l%C3%A9phantine_in_the_1809_Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%C3%8Ele_d%27%C3%89l%C3%A9phantine_in_the_1809_Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte.jpg/220px-%C3%8Ele_d%27%C3%89l%C3%A9phantine_in_the_1809_Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%C3%8Ele_d%27%C3%89l%C3%A9phantine_in_the_1809_Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte.jpg/330px-%C3%8Ele_d%27%C3%89l%C3%A9phantine_in_the_1809_Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%C3%8Ele_d%27%C3%89l%C3%A9phantine_in_the_1809_Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte.jpg/440px-%C3%8Ele_d%27%C3%89l%C3%A9phantine_in_the_1809_Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2231" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Map of Île d'Éléphantine from Description de l'Egypte. Published in 1809</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Description</i> showed Egypt as a land open for the taking, representing France as the well-intended caretakers who were working to document and preserve Egypt’s wealth and history. This set precedence for later conquests by Europeans into non-European territories. It established a reputation of historical interest and caregiving to maintain power over the people in their colonies and their resources. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="False_reports_on_destruction_of_the_originals">False reports on destruction of the originals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: False reports on destruction of the originals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was incorrectly reported that the original manuscript of the <i>Description de l'Égypte</i> was destroyed in a fire at the <a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27%C3%89gypte" title="Institut d'Égypte">Institut d'Égypte</a> (Egyptian Scientific Institute) on December 17, 2011, during clashes between protestors and the military.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, the burnt building's collection had contained a set of the 23-volume first print edition, which was saved without irreparable damage.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, according to a statement by the country's minister of culture, at least two more complete sets of the same original edition remained in Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the original manuscript material for the <i>Description</i> resides in Paris' National Archives and National Library. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions">Editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Description_de_l%27Egypte,_Etat_Moderne_II,_Plate_97,_Panoramic_view_across_the_Great_Harbour_and_Kom_el-Dikka_from_the_parade_ground,_drawn_c.1798,_published_in_the_Panckoucke_edition_of_1821-9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Description_de_l%27Egypte%2C_Etat_Moderne_II%2C_Plate_97%2C_Panoramic_view_across_the_Great_Harbour_and_Kom_el-Dikka_from_the_parade_ground%2C_drawn_c.1798%2C_published_in_the_Panckoucke_edition_of_1821-9.jpg/500px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Description_de_l%27Egypte%2C_Etat_Moderne_II%2C_Plate_97%2C_Panoramic_view_across_the_Great_Harbour_and_Kom_el-Dikka_from_the_parade_ground%2C_drawn_c.1798%2C_published_in_the_Panckoucke_edition_of_1821-9.jpg/750px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Description_de_l%27Egypte%2C_Etat_Moderne_II%2C_Plate_97%2C_Panoramic_view_across_the_Great_Harbour_and_Kom_el-Dikka_from_the_parade_ground%2C_drawn_c.1798%2C_published_in_the_Panckoucke_edition_of_1821-9.jpg/1000px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1452" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>There appear to be several variants of these editions, especially the first edition, containing one or more extra volumes. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/Lauinger_Library" title="Lauinger Library">Lauinger Library</a> exhibition (<a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_Library" title="Georgetown University Library">Georgetown University Library</a>), November 2000 - January 2001, lists a copy of a first edition presented to <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Drovetti" title="Bernardino Drovetti">Bernardino Drovetti</a>, the French consul general in Egypt from 1802 to 1814 and 1821–1826, as having 29 volumes, while a "standard" first edition contains 23 (20 plus 3 Mammutfolio). </p><p>The dates given on the title pages are often considerably earlier than the actual publication date. For example, Book 8, Volume I (<i>Histoire Naturelle</i>) of the first edition has 1809 on the title page, but its accepted publication date is 1826 (1825 for Arachnids <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/k7cuc546y2uqjuw/041-2000-Serket_6%25284%2529_115-128.pdf/file">PDF</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Toll86_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toll86-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The geographical volume (which contains maps) was not printed before 1828, even though the volumes are dated 1818 and 1826 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_edition_(Imperial_edition)"><span id="First_edition_.28Imperial_edition.29"></span>First edition (Imperial edition)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First edition (Imperial edition)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frontispiece,_vol._1_(NYPL_b14212718-1267827).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Frontispiece%2C_vol._1_%28NYPL_b14212718-1267827%29.jpg/220px-Frontispiece%2C_vol._1_%28NYPL_b14212718-1267827%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Frontispiece%2C_vol._1_%28NYPL_b14212718-1267827%29.jpg/330px-Frontispiece%2C_vol._1_%28NYPL_b14212718-1267827%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Frontispiece%2C_vol._1_%28NYPL_b14212718-1267827%29.jpg/440px-Frontispiece%2C_vol._1_%28NYPL_b14212718-1267827%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4544" data-file-height="6069" /></a><figcaption>Frontispiece to the first edition</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Book 01 (1809), Volume I – Antiquités, Descriptions.</li> <li>Book 02 (1818), Volume II – Antiquités, Descriptions.</li> <li>Book 03 (1809), Volume I – Antiquités, Mémoires.</li> <li>Book 04 (1818), Volume II – Antiquités, Mémoires.</li> <li>Book 05 (1809), Volume I – Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 06 (1822), Volume II – Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 07 (1822), Volume II – Etat Moderne (2´ Partie).</li> <li>Book 08 (1809), Volume I – Histoire Naturelle.</li> <li>Book 09 (1813), Volume II – Histoire Naturelle.</li> <li>Book 10 (18xx), Volume I – Préface et explication des planches.</li> <li>Book 11 (1809), Volume I – Planches: Antiquités.</li> <li>Book 12 (18xx), Volume II – Planches: Antiquités.</li> <li>Book 13 (18xx), Volume III – Planches: Antiquités.</li> <li>Book 14 (18xx), Volume IV – Planches: Antiquités.</li> <li>Book 15 (1822), Volume V – Planches: Antiquités.</li> <li>Book 16 (1809), Volume I – Planches: Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 17 (1817), Volume II - Planches: Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 18 (1809), Volume I – Planches: Histoire Naturelle.</li> <li>Book 19 (1809), Volume II – Planches: Histoire Naturelle.</li> <li>Book 20 (1809), Volume IIbis – Planches: Histoire Naturelle.</li> <li>Book 21 (18xx), Volume I – Planches: Antiquités ("Mammutfolio").</li> <li>Book 22 (18xx), Volume I – Planches: Etat Moderne ("Mammutfolio").</li> <li>Book 23 (1818), Volume I – Planches: Carte géographiques et topographique ("Mammutfolio").</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_edition_(Panckoucke_edition)"><span id="Second_edition_.28Panckoucke_edition.29"></span>Second edition (Panckoucke edition)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Second edition (Panckoucke edition)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_(10404007)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_%2810404007%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_%2810404007%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_%2810404007%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_%2810404007%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_%2810404007%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_%2810404007%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12296" data-file-height="18005" /></a><figcaption>Frontispiece to the second edition</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Book 01 (1821), Volume I – Tome Premier Antiquités-Descriptions.</li> <li>Book 02 (1821), Volume II – Tome Deuxième Antiquités-Descriptions.</li> <li>Book 03 (1821), Volume III – Tome Troisième Antiquités-Descriptions.</li> <li>Book 04 (1822), Volume IV – Tome Quatrième Antiquités-Descriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Book 05 (1829), Volume V – Tome Cinquième Antiquités-Descriptions.</li> <li>Book 06 (1822), Volume VI – Tome Sixième Antiquités-Mémoires.</li> <li>Book 07 (1822), Volume VII – Tome Septième Antiquités-Mémoires.</li> <li>Book 08 (1822), Volume VIII – Tome Huitième Antiquités-Mémoires.</li> <li>Book 09 (1829), Volume IX – Tome Neuvième Antiquités-Mémoires et Descriptions.</li> <li>Book 10 (1823), Volume X – Explication Des Planches, D'Antiquités.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Book 11 (1822), Volume XI – Tome Onzième Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 12 (1822), Volume XII – Tome Douzième Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 13 (1823), Volume XIII – Tome Treizième Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 14 (1826), Volume XIV – Tome Quatorzième Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 15 (1826), Volume XV – Tome Quinzième Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 16 (1825), Volume XVI – Tome Seizième Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 17 (1824), Volume XVII – Tome Dix-Septième Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 18 (1826), Volume XVIII – Tome Dix-Huitième Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 19 (1829), Volume XVIII – Tome Dix-Huitième (2' partie) Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 20 (1830), Volume XVIII – Tome Dix-Huitième (3' partie) Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 21 (1824), Volume XIX – Tome Dix-Neuvième Histoire Naturelle, Botanique-Météorologie.</li> <li>Book 22 (1825), Volume XX – Tome Vingtième Histoire Naturelle.</li> <li>Book 23 (1826), Volume XXI – Tome Vingt-Unième Histoire Naturelle, Minieralogie-Zoologie.</li> <li>Book 24 (1827), Volume XXII – Tome Vingt-Deuxième Histoire Naturelle, Zoologie. Animaux Invertébrés (suite).</li> <li>Book 25 (1828), Volume XXIII – Tome Vingt-Troisième Histoire Naturelle, Zoologie. Animaux Invertébrés (suite). Animaux Venteures.</li> <li>Book 26 (1829), Volume XXIV – Tome Vingt-Quatrième Histoire Naturelle, Zoologie.</li> <li>Book 27 (1820), Volume I – Planches: Antiquités.</li> <li>Book 28 (182x), Volume II – Planches: Antiquités.</li> <li>Book 29 (1822), Volume III – Planches: Antiquités.</li> <li>Book 30 (182x), Volume IV – Planches: Antiquités.</li> <li>Book 31 (1823), Volume V – Planches: Antiquités.</li> <li>Book 32 (1822), Volume I – Planches: Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 33 (1823), Volume II – Planches: Etat Moderne.</li> <li>Book 34 (1826), Volume I – Planches: Histoire Naturelle.</li> <li>Book 35 (1826), Volume II – Planches: Histoire Naturelle.</li> <li>Book 36 (1826), Volume IIbis – Planches: Histoire Naturelle.</li> <li>Book 37 (1826), Volume I – Planches: Atlas géographique.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Description_de_l%27Egypte" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Description de l'Egypte">Description de l'Egypte</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_books_and_manuscripts" title="List of most expensive books and manuscripts">List of most expensive books and manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalism" title="Orientalism">Orientalism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nls.uk/collections/rare-books/collections/egypt/">"Description de l'Égypte"</a>. <i>National Library of Scotland</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Library+of+Scotland&rft.atitle=Description+de+l%27%C3%89gypte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nls.uk%2Fcollections%2Frare-books%2Fcollections%2Fegypt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADescription+de+l%27%C3%89gypte" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarmon1960155-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarmon1960155_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarmon1960">Karmon 1960</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchelhaasFaehndrichGoren201766-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchelhaasFaehndrichGoren201766_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchelhaasFaehndrichGoren2017">Schelhaas, Faehndrich & Goren 2017</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW.2019" class="citation book cs1">W., Said, Edward (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1200830761"><i>Orientalism</i></a>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-118742-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-118742-6"><bdi>978-0-14-118742-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1200830761">1200830761</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orientalism&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1200830761&rft.isbn=978-0-14-118742-6&rft.aulast=W.&rft.aufirst=Said%2C+Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1200830761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADescription+de+l%27%C3%89gypte" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louis de Laus de Boisy, "The Institute of Egypt," <i>Napoleon: Symbol for an Age, A Brief History with Documents</i>, ed. Rafe Blaufarb (New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2008), 45-48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Egyptology">"Egyptology"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Egyptology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2FEgyptology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADescription+de+l%27%C3%89gypte" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bednarski, A. (2005) <i>Holding Egypt: tracing the reception of the Description de l'Egypte in nineteenth-century Great Britain</i>. Goldenhouse Publications. p.1-20. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9550256-0-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9550256-0-5">0-9550256-0-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Godlewska-1995-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Godlewska-1995_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Godlewska-1995_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Godlewska-1995_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Godlewska-1995_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Godlewska-1995_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGodlewska1995" class="citation journal cs1">Godlewska, Anne (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/622722">"Map, Text and Image. The Mentality of Enlightened Conquerors: A New Look at the Description de l'Egypte"</a>. <i>Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers</i>. <b>20</b> (1): 5–28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F622722">10.2307/622722</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/622722">622722</a> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Institute+of+British+Geographers&rft.atitle=Map%2C+Text+and+Image.+The+Mentality+of+Enlightened+Conquerors%3A+A+New+Look+at+the+Description+de+l%27Egypte&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-28&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F622722&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F622722%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Godlewska&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F622722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADescription+de+l%27%C3%89gypte" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProchaska1994" class="citation journal cs1">Prochaska, David (Summer 1994). "Art of Colonialism, Colonialism of Art: The 'Description de l'Egypte' (1809-1828)". <i>L'Esprit Créateur</i>. <b>34</b> (2): 69–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fesp.1994.0057">10.1353/esp.1994.0057</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26287498">26287498</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Esprit+Cr%C3%A9ateur&rft.atitle=Art+of+Colonialism%2C+Colonialism+of+Art%3A+The+%27Description+de+l%27Egypte%27+%281809-1828%29&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=69-91&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fesp.1994.0057&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26287498%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Prochaska&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADescription+de+l%27%C3%89gypte" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJomard1818" class="citation book cs1">Jomard, E F (1818). <i>Description de l'Egypte</i> (2nd ed.). Paris, France.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+de+l%27Egypte&rft.place=Paris%2C+France&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=1818&rft.aulast=Jomard&rft.aufirst=E+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADescription+de+l%27%C3%89gypte" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/3605/napoleons-description-de-legypte-lost-to-fire-amid">Napoleon's "Description De L'Egypte" Lost to Fire Amid Clashes</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?id=3485">Burning of the Library of l'Institut de l'Egypte</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enssib.fr/breves/2011/12/22/premier-bilan-de-l-incendie-de-l-institut-d-egypte-au-caire">Premier bilan de l'incendie de l'Institut d'Egypte au Caire</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180304173410/http://www.enssib.fr/breves/2011/12/22/premier-bilan-de-l-incendie-de-l-institut-d-egypte-au-caire">Archived</a> 2018-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> ENSSIB website, 22 December 2011 (french)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160131080912/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/minister-egypt-still-has-3-copies-napoleons-d%C3%A9scription-de-legypte">Minister: Egypt still has 3 copies of Napoleon's 'Déscription de l'Egypte'</a>,</i> in: <i>Egypt Independent</i>, 19 December 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toll86-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Toll86_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTollitt1986" class="citation cs1">Tollitt, M.E. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12757271">"Dates and authorship of the text volumes of <i>Histoire Naturelle</i> Section of Savigny's <i>Description de l'Egypte</i>. Z.N.(S.) 2515"</a>. <i>Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature</i>. <b>43</b>: 107–112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5962%2Fbhl.part.388">10.5962/bhl.part.388</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Zoological+Nomenclature&rft.atitle=Dates+and+authorship+of+the+text+volumes+of+Histoire+Naturelle+Section+of+Savigny%27s+Description+de+l%27Egypte.+Z.N.%28S.%29+2515&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=107-112&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5962%2Fbhl.part.388&rft.aulast=Tollitt&rft.aufirst=M.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F12757271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADescription+de+l%27%C3%89gypte" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhatib2003" class="citation book cs1">Khatib, Hisham (February 21, 2003). <i>Palestine and Egypt Under the Ottomans: Paintings, Books, Photographs, Maps and Manuscripts</i>. Bloomsbury USA. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781860648885" title="Special:BookSources/9781860648885"><bdi>9781860648885</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+and+Egypt+Under+the+Ottomans%3A+Paintings%2C+Books%2C+Photographs%2C+Maps+and+Manuscripts&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=2003-02-21&rft.isbn=9781860648885&rft.aulast=Khatib&rft.aufirst=Hisham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADescription+de+l%27%C3%89gypte" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On page four the titlepage year is given as 1821.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On page four the titlepage is given as "Explication Des Planches" dated 1821. On page six the titlepage is given as "Tome Dixieme Explication Des Planches" dated 1826.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarmon1960" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F" class="extiw" title="he:יהודה קרמון">Karmon, Yehuda</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Hebrew]</span> (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine". <i>Israel Exploration Journal</i>. <b>10</b> (3): 155–173. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27924824">27924824</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Exploration+Journal&rft.atitle=An+Analysis+of+Jacotin%27s+Map+of+Palestine&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=155-173&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27924824%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Karmon&rft.aufirst=Yehuda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADescription+de+l%27%C3%89gypte" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchelhaasFaehndrichGoren2017" class="citation book cs1">Schelhaas, Bruno; Faehndrich, Jutta; Goren, Haim (28 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XhKMDwAAQBAJ"><i>Mapping the Holy Land: The Foundation of a Scientific Cartography of Palestine</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85772-785-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85772-785-5"><bdi>978-0-85772-785-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mapping+the+Holy+Land%3A+The+Foundation+of+a+Scientific+Cartography+of+Palestine&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2017-02-28&rft.isbn=978-0-85772-785-5&rft.aulast=Schelhaas&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft.au=Faehndrich%2C+Jutta&rft.au=Goren%2C+Haim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXhKMDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADescription+de+l%27%C3%89gypte" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Description de l'Egypte</i>, Taschen, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8228-2168-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-8228-2168-3">3-8228-2168-3</a></li> <li><i>Atlas of Ancient Egypt</i>, John Baines & Jaromir Malek, The American University in Cairo Press, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/977-424-704-3" title="Special:BookSources/977-424-704-3">977-424-704-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Royal_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Royal Library">Danish Royal Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kb.dk/">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gallica" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_International_Napoleonic_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The International Napoleonic Society (page does not exist)">The International Napoleonic Society</a>, Internet Article: <i>The Napoleonic Institute of Egypt</i>, Melanie Byrd <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-series.org/ins/scholarship98/c_institute.html">1</a></li> <li>Al-Ahram Weekly On-line, Internet Article: <i>The true father of Egyptology</i>, John Rodenbeck <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051204021357/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/503/books5.htm">1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/Search?ArianeWireIndex=index&p=1&lang=en&q=description+de+l%27egypte">Gallica (Bibliothèque nationale de France), the 24 volumes text of the second edition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://descegy.bibalex.org/">Bibliotheca Alexandrina (New Library of Alexandria), 11 plate volumes owned by BA and 9 text volumes owned by l'Institut d'Egypte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a> presentation of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.wdl/wdl.80"><i>Description de l'Egypte, ou, Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Egypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française. Antiquitiés</i> or <i>Description of Egypt: Antiquities, Volume One (Plates): Or, Collection of Observations and Research Conducted in Egypt During the Expedition of the French Army. Second Edition</i>.</a> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Alexandrina" title="Bibliotheca Alexandrina">Bibliotheca Alexandrina</a>. An extensive survey of Egypt's archeology, topography, and natural history. Second Edition,<i>Royal Edition</i> 1821–1829, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wdl.org/en/item/80/view/1/1/">Volume 1 Plates (digitised)</a>.</li> <li>Description de l'Égypte; ou, Recueil de observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'éxpédition de l'armée française / publié par les ordres de Sa Majesté l'empereur Napoléon le Grand. Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1809–1828. TEXT: Antiquitiés: Descriptions, tome 1-2 -- Mémoires, tome 1-2 -- Etat moderne, tome 1, tome 2, tome 2 pt. 2 -- Histoire naturelle, tome 1-2 -- Préface et explication des planches. PLANCHES: Antiquitiés, tome 1-5 -- Etate moderne, tome 1-2 -- Histoire naturelle, tome 1 & 2, pt. 1 & 2 -- Carte topographique de l'Egypte et de plusieurs parties des pars limitrophes (Mammmutfolio), tome 1–3. 23 v.: ill.; 100 cm., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://primo-slnsw.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=SLNSW_ALMA21130583380002626&context=U&vid=SLNSW&lang=en_US">State Library of New South Wales Australia, RB/BX932A/52</a></li> <li>"Sultan Hassan Mosque" description, edn Panckoucke, v. 18.2, p. 304-306, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XG9G-mvxfMA&index=13&list=PLPxcQQeoonCuc6v-gbddCWXWiPc0SbXFY">Audio</a> (French).</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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