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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">New Zealand politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">James McCombs</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:James_McCombs_1920s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/James_McCombs_1920s.jpg/220px-James_McCombs_1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/James_McCombs_1920s.jpg/330px-James_McCombs_1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/James_McCombs_1920s.jpg/440px-James_McCombs_1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2615" data-file-height="3851" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">James McCombs between 1920 and 1925</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Deputy Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party">Deputy Leader of the Labour Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />27 August 1919 – 7 February 1923</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Holland" title="Harry Holland">Harry Holland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="President of the New Zealand Labour Party">President of the Labour Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 July 1916 – 9 July 1917</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Walker_(politician)" title="Andrew Walker (politician)">Andrew Walker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hindmarsh" title="Alfred Hindmarsh">Alfred Hindmarsh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Andrew Walker</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a></span><br />for <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Lyttelton (New Zealand electorate)">Lyttelton</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 December 1913 – 2 August 1933</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Laurenson" title="George Laurenson">George Laurenson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_McCombs" title="Elizabeth McCombs">Elizabeth McCombs</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1873-12-09</span>)</span>9 December 1873<br /><a href="/wiki/County_Leitrim" title="County Leitrim">County Leitrim</a>, Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 August 1933<span style="display:none">(1933-08-02)</span> (aged 59)<br /><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)">Social Democrat</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party" title="New Zealand Liberal Party">Liberal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_McCombs" title="Elizabeth McCombs">Elizabeth McCombs</a> (married 1903)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Four (two of which were adopted), incl. <a href="/wiki/Terry_McCombs" title="Terry McCombs">Terry McCombs</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James (Jimmy) McCombs</b> (9 December 1873 – 2 August 1933) was a New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton,_New_Zealand" title="Lyttelton, New Zealand">Lyttelton</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McCombs&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McCombs&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McCombs was born in Treanmore, <a href="/wiki/Mohill" title="Mohill">Mohill</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Leitrim" title="County Leitrim">County Leitrim</a>, Ireland,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the elder child of George McCombs, a farmer, and his wife, Kate Rourke. He came to New Zealand with his parents in 1876 as a three-year-old. He was educated at Sydenham School and <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_East_School" title="Christchurch East School">Christchurch East School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially he intended to join the ministry of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church">Anglican Church</a> but later decided to cease theological studies and give his time to social work instead. He still remained involved in the Anglican Church and was an active member of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England_Men%27s_Society" title="Church of England Men's Society">Church of England Men's Society</a> and, inspired by his religious beliefs, he became a prohibitionist and became a leading member of the prohibitionist movement in Canterbury.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1980160_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1980160-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believed that the aims of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Socialism">Christian Socialism</a> in which he believed were better expressed via community and political activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson198079–80_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson198079–80-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through his community work McCombs met the like-minded <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_McCombs" title="Elizabeth McCombs">Elizabeth Henderson</a>. Henderson was the president of the Young People's No License League of which McCombs became a committee member of. On 25 June 1903 the two married and had a son and daughter together.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_James_McCombs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McCombs became a successful businessman, owning and operating a drapery in <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_James_McCombs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became a trade unionist and was elected president of the Drapers' Assistants Union.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1980160_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1980160-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarded as a moderate among the union movement, he was regarded by liberal newspapers as representing "sane labour".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson198080_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson198080-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McCombs also spent time speculating in property. In several areas in and around Christchurch he bought and sold land, the transactions that were not always profitable however and gradually the grounds of his family home in <a href="/wiki/Fendalton" title="Fendalton">Fendalton</a> were subdivided and sold to repay debts.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_James_McCombs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_political_involvement">Local political involvement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McCombs&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Local political involvement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McCombs was involved in the temperance movement (with <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Taylor_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Tommy Taylor (New Zealand politician)">Tommy Taylor</a>), the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party" title="New Zealand Liberal Party">Progressive Liberal Association</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ell" title="Harry Ell">Harry Ell</a>) and was a friend of <a href="/wiki/George_Laurenson" title="George Laurenson">George Laurenson</a>. He became a member of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party" title="New Zealand Liberal Party">Liberal Party</a> and in the 1890s he organised election campaigns for both Taylor and Ell.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1980160_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1980160-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McCombs served on the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a> between 1913 and 1917 and again from 1931 until 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-Councillors_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Councillors-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his second spell on the council (where Labour had a majority) McCombs chaired the finance committee. He reduced rates and protected council employees from any further wage cuts in an attempt to both dampen unemployment and stimulate the economy of the city. Neither outcome was successfully achieved however.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_James_McCombs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McCombs twice stood for <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Christchurch" title="Mayor of Christchurch">Mayor of Christchurch</a>. He contested the 1917 mayoral election against the incumbent, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Holland_(mayor)" title="Henry Holland (mayor)">Henry Holland</a>, along the lines of win-the-<a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">war</a> (Holland) and anti-<a href="/wiki/Compulsory_military_training_in_New_Zealand" title="Compulsory military training in New Zealand">conscription</a> (McCombs). The result was a crushing defeat of McCombs; Holland received 12,177 votes and McCombs received 5,381.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holland retired from the mayoralty in 1919; the election was contested by three candidates: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Thacker" title="Henry Thacker">Henry Thacker</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Dougall" title="John Joseph Dougall">John Joseph Dougall</a> (Mayor of Christchurch 1911–1912) and McCombs (who at that time was MP for Lyttelton). Thacker won the contest, and McCombs came last.<sup id="cite_ref-1919_mayoral_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1919_mayoral-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_Parliament">Member of Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McCombs&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Member of Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; float: left; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 1em; border: 4; cellpadding: 2; cellspacing: 0;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000001F-QINU`"'</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">New Zealand Parliament</span></a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 95px;">Years </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 35px;">Term </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 160px;">Electorate </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 150px;">Party </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1913_Lyttelton_by-election" title="1913 Lyttelton by-election">1913</a>–1914 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/18th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="18th New Zealand Parliament">18th</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lyttelton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Lyttelton (New Zealand electorate)">Lyttelton</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF79BC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)">Social Democrat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1914_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1914 New Zealand general election">1914</a>–1916 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/19th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="19th New Zealand Parliament">19th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Lyttelton </td> <td style="background-color:#FF79BC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)">Social Democrat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1916 </td> <td colspan="3"><i>Changed allegiance to:</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1917 </td> <td colspan="3"><i>Changed allegiance to:</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBBBB; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Labour">Independent Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1918–1919 </td> <td colspan="3"><i>Changed allegiance to:</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1919_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1919 New Zealand general election">1919</a>–1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="20th New Zealand Parliament">20th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Lyttelton </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1922_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1922 New Zealand general election">1922</a>–1925 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/21st_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="21st New Zealand Parliament">21st</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Lyttelton </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" height="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1926–1928 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/22nd_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="22nd New Zealand Parliament">22nd</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lyttelton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Lyttelton (New Zealand electorate)">Lyttelton</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1928_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1928 New Zealand general election">1928</a>–1931 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/23rd_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="23rd New Zealand Parliament">23rd</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Lyttelton </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1931_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1931 New Zealand general election">1931</a>–1933 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/24th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="24th New Zealand Parliament">24th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Lyttelton </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1908_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1908 New Zealand general election">1908 election</a>, McCombs stood in <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_East" title="Christchurch East">Christchurch East</a><sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_James_McCombs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal" title="Independent Liberal">Independent Liberal</a> candidate; at the <a href="/wiki/1911_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1911 New Zealand general election">1911</a> contest for <a href="/wiki/Avon_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Avon (New Zealand electorate)">Avon</a> he was a Liberal-Labour candidate polling 2,817 votes to the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party_(1910)" title="New Zealand Labour Party (1910)">official Labour</a> candidate's 798 on the first ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second ballot he was endorsed as the official Labour candidate, but lost to <a href="/wiki/George_Warren_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="George Warren Russell">George Warren Russell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>James McCombs represented the <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Lyttelton (New Zealand electorate)">Lyttelton</a> electorate for 20 years from the <a href="/wiki/1913_Lyttelton_by-election" title="1913 Lyttelton by-election">1913 by-election</a> (following the death of <a href="/wiki/George_Laurenson" title="George Laurenson">George Laurenson</a>). McCombs found it difficult to support a family and maintain homes in Wellington and Christchurch on a MP's salary of £8.10.0 a week. Once when rushing to get the ferry home, his suitcase flew open and several rolls of toilet paper fell out. Subsequently, Parliament got toilet paper in paper squares instead of rolls.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McCombs was part of the committee which drafted the founding constitution and programme of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">New Zealand Labour Party</a> in 1916. He then became inaugural president of the Labour Party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson198093_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson198093-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, he resigned the presidency and his membership of the Labour Party over the state control of liquor issue.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_James_McCombs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After rejoining the party in 1918, McCombs served as Labour's deputy leader from 1919 until 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_James_McCombs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Labour's caucus leader <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hindmarsh" title="Alfred Hindmarsh">Alfred Hindmarsh</a> died during the Influenza epidemic, Labour's leadership was open. McCombs made claim to the title but was opposed by the more militant <a href="/wiki/Harry_Holland" title="Harry Holland">Harry Holland</a>. The caucus held <a href="/wiki/1919_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1919 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">an election</a> to decide between the two. The result was a tie. After drawing lots, Holland was successful.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_James_McCombs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1920s McCombs with <a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Dan Sullivan (New Zealand politician)">Dan Sullivan</a> led the opposition to <a href="/wiki/Harry_Holland" title="Harry Holland">Harry Holland</a> within the Parliamentary Labour Party caucus attempting several leadership challenges, all of which were unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_James_McCombs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the confusion following the <a href="/wiki/1922_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1922 New Zealand general election">1922 general election</a> McCombs was nominated by Holland (partly for political reasons) for the role of speaker, though lost to Reform's candidate <a href="/wiki/Charles_Statham" title="Charles Statham">Charles Statham</a> 61 votes to 17.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBassett198232_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBassett198232-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/1925_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1925 New Zealand general election">1925 general election</a> was contested by <a href="/wiki/Melville_Lyons" title="Melville Lyons">Melville Lyons</a> and the incumbent, McCombs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson1985213_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1985213-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original count resulted in a tie of 4,900 votes each. The returning officer gave his casting vote to Lyons and declared him elected. A recount was demanded, and on 3 December 1925, an amended result of 4,890 votes for Lyons and 4,884 votes for McCombs was determined, with the differences in the counts explained by counting informal votes in a different way.<sup id="cite_ref-recount_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recount-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lyons' election was declared void on 13 March 1926, and McCombs was restored as the holder of the electorate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson1985213_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1985213-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1931_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1931 New Zealand general election">1931 election</a> had a close result, with McCombs just 32 votes ahead of the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Reform Party (New Zealand)">Reform Party</a> candidate, Christchurch civil engineer Frederick Willie Freeman.<sup id="cite_ref-1931_election_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1931_election-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McCombs held the electorate until 1933, when he died in office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScholefield1950121_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScholefield1950121-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The electorate was then held by his wife <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_McCombs" title="Elizabeth McCombs">Elizabeth McCombs</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScholefield1950121_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScholefield1950121-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-A_Woman_M.P._20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Woman_M.P.-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1933 to 1935, and his son <a href="/wiki/Terry_McCombs" title="Terry McCombs">Terry McCombs</a> from 1935 to 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson1985_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1985-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McCombs&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He died at <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a> on 2 August 1933 from heart failure,<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was buried in Waimairi Cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McCombs&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/details-civil/d48f3e5116113">"General Registrar's Office"</a>. <i>IrishGenealogy.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=Obituary&rft.volume=CXVI&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1933-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26cl%3Dsearch%26d%3DEP19330802.2.135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1980160-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1980160_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1980160_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1980160_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGustafson1980">Gustafson 1980</a>, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson198079–80-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson198079–80_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGustafson1980">Gustafson 1980</a>, pp. 79–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNZB_James_McCombs-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_James_McCombs_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarner" class="citation web cs1">Garner, Jean. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/3m3">"McCombs, James"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_New_Zealand_Biography" title="Dictionary of New Zealand Biography">Dictionary of New Zealand Biography</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage">Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+New+Zealand+Biography&rft.atitle=McCombs%2C+James&rft.aulast=Garner&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fbiographies%2F3m3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson198080-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson198080_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGustafson1980">Gustafson 1980</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Councillors-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Councillors_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720010657/http://www1.ccc.govt.nz/handbook/councillorsofthecityofchristchurch.asp">"Councillors of the City of Christchurch"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>: <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_City_Council" title="Christchurch City Council">Christchurch City Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.ccc.govt.nz/handbook/councillorsofthecityofchristchurch.asp">the original</a> on 20 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Councillors+of+the+City+of+Christchurch&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.ccc.govt.nz%2Fhandbook%2Fcouncillorsofthecityofchristchurch.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=ODT19170426.2.66">"Christchurch Mayoralty"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Otago_Daily_Times" title="Otago Daily Times">Otago Daily Times</a></i>. No. 16988. 26 April 1917. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Christchurch+Mayoralty&rft.issue=16988&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1917-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26cl%3Dsearch%26d%3DODT19170426.2.66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1919_mayoral-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1919_mayoral_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=NZTR19190510.2.38.4">"Thacker's Triumph"</a>. No. 725. NZ Truth. 10 May 1919. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thacker%27s+Triumph&rft.issue=725&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1919-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DNZTR19190510.2.38.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzes.org/exec/getdata/NZ_elections_1905-43.xls">NZ elections 1905-43</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=WDT19111209.2.26.5">"Labour Party's Support"</a>. <i>Wairarapa Daily Times</i>. Vol. LXIV, no. 11219. 9 December 1911. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wairarapa+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Labour+Party%27s+Support&rft.volume=LXIV&rft.issue=11219&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1911-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26cl%3Dsearch%26d%3DWDT19111209.2.26.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurley2000" class="citation book cs1">Hurley, Desmond (2000). <i>A Dictionary of New Zealand Political Quotations</i>. 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Vol. CX, no. 135. 4 December 1925. p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=Lyttelton+Recount&rft.volume=CX&rft.issue=135&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1925-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26cl%3Dsearch%26d%3DEP19251204.2.109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1931_election-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1931_election_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1932-I-II.2.3.2.31"><i>The General Election, 1931</i></a>. 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Vol. CXVI, no. 65. 14 September 1933. p. 12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=A+Woman+M.P.&rft.volume=CXVI&rft.issue=65&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1933-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26cl%3Dsearch%26d%3DEP19330914.2.113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1985-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson1985_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson1985">Wilson 1985</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heritage.christchurchcitylibraries.com/Cemeteries/interment.asp?id=49821">"Cemeteries database"</a>. Christchurch City Council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cemeteries+database&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheritage.christchurchcitylibraries.com%2FCemeteries%2Finterment.asp%3Fid%3D49821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McCombs&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:James_McCombs" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:James McCombs">James McCombs</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBassett1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bassett" title="Michael Bassett">Bassett, Michael</a> (1982). <i>Three Party Politics in New Zealand 1911–1931</i>. Auckland: Historical Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86870-006-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-86870-006-1"><bdi>0-86870-006-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+Party+Politics+in+New+Zealand+1911%E2%80%931931&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Historical+Publications&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-86870-006-1&rft.aulast=Bassett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGee1993" class="citation book cs1">Gee, David (1993). <i>My Dear Girl: A biography of Elizabeth and James McCombs</i>. Christchurch: Treehouse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-473-02084-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-473-02084-X"><bdi>0-473-02084-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Dear+Girl%3A+A+biography+of+Elizabeth+and+James+McCombs&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.pub=Treehouse&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-473-02084-X&rft.aulast=Gee&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Gustafson" title="Barry Gustafson">Gustafson, Barry</a> (1980). <i>Labour's path to political independence: The Origins and Establishment of the New Zealand Labour Party, 1900–19</i>. <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/Auckland_University_Press" title="Auckland University Press">Auckland University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-647986-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-647986-X"><bdi>0-19-647986-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Labour%27s+path+to+political+independence%3A+The+Origins+and+Establishment+of+the+New+Zealand+Labour+Party%2C+1900%E2%80%9319&rft.place=Auckland%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-19-647986-X&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScholefield1950" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Scholefield" title="Guy Scholefield">Scholefield, Guy</a> (1950) [First ed. published 1913 First ed. published 1913]. <i>New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949</i> (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Parliamentary+Record%2C+1840%E2%80%931949&rft.place=Wellington&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Govt.+Printer&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Scholefield&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1985" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. <i>New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984</i> (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/154283103">154283103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Parliamentary+Record%2C+1840%E2%80%931984&rft.place=Wellington&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=V.R.+Ward%2C+Govt.+Printer&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F154283103&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=James+Oakley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1996" class="citation book cs1">Wood, G. Anthony, ed. (1996). <i>Ministers and Members: In the New Zealand Parliament</i>. Dunedin: Otago University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ministers+and+Members%3A+In+the+New+Zealand+Parliament&rft.place=Dunedin&rft.pub=Otago+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McCombs" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Laurenson" title="George Laurenson">George Laurenson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Lyttelton (New Zealand electorate)">Member of Parliament for Lyttelton</a> </b><br />1913–1925<br /><br />1926–1933 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Melville_Lyons" title="Melville Lyons">Melville Lyons</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Melville Lyons</div> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_McCombs" title="Elizabeth McCombs">Elizabeth McCombs</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New political party</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="President of the New Zealand Labour Party">President of the Labour Party</a> </b><br />1916–1917 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Walker_(politician)" title="Andrew Walker (politician)">Andrew Walker</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Walker_(politician)" title="Andrew Walker (politician)">Andrew Walker</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Senior_Whip_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Senior Whip of the Labour Party">Senior Whip of the Labour Party</a> </b><br />1919–1921 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Dan Sullivan (New Zealand politician)">Dan Sullivan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Deputy Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party">Deputy-Leader of the Labour Party</a> </b><br />1919–1923 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Leaders</span></a><br /><small>Names in bold served <br />as prime minister</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hindmarsh" title="Alfred Hindmarsh">Alfred Hindmarsh</a> (1916–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Holland" title="Harry Holland">Harry Holland</a> (1919–33)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a></b> (1933–40)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a></b> (1940–50)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Walter Nash</a></b> (1950–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Nordmeyer" title="Arnold Nordmeyer">Arnold Nordmeyer</a> (1963–65)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Norman Kirk</a></b> (1965–74)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Bill Rowling</a></b> (1974–83)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a></b> (1983–89)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Geoffrey Palmer</a></b> (1989–90)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Moore_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)">Mike Moore</a></b> (1990–93)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a></b> (1993–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Goff" title="Phil Goff">Phil Goff</a> (2008–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Shearer" title="David Shearer">David Shearer</a> (2011–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cunliffe" title="David Cunliffe">David Cunliffe</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Little_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Andrew Little (New Zealand politician)">Andrew Little</a> (2014–17)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a></b> (2017–23)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Chris Hipkins</a></b> (2023–present)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Deputy Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Deputy leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James McCombs</a> (1919–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a> (1923–33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a> (1933–40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Walter Nash</a> (1940–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Skinner" title="Jerry Skinner">Jerry Skinner</a> (1951–62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hackett" title="Fred Hackett">Fred Hackett</a> (1962–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Watt" title="Hugh Watt">Hugh Watt</a> (1963–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Tizard" title="Bob Tizard">Bob Tizard</a> (1974–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a> (1979–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Geoffrey Palmer</a> (1983–89)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a> (1989–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Caygill" title="David Caygill">David Caygill</a> (1993–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cullen_(politician)" title="Michael Cullen (politician)">Michael Cullen</a> (1996–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_King" title="Annette King">Annette King</a> (2008–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Robertson" title="Grant Robertson">Grant Robertson</a> (2011–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Parker_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="David Parker (New Zealand politician)">David Parker</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_King" title="Annette King">Annette King</a> (2014–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Davis_(politician)" title="Kelvin Davis (politician)">Kelvin Davis</a> (2017–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmel_Sepuloni" title="Carmel Sepuloni">Carmel Sepuloni</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1919 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1920 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1921 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election (page does not exist)">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1923 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1933 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1940 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1954 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1963 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1965 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1974 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1980 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1983 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1988 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1993 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1996 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2008 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2011 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2013 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2014 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2023 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D82A20; color:white;"><div id="Internal_offices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Internal offices</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="President of the New Zealand Labour Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Party presidents</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James McCombs</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Walker_(politician)" title="Andrew Walker (politician)">Andrew Walker</a> (1917–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Paul_(politician)" title="Tom Paul (politician)">Tom Paul</a> (1918–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a> (1920–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cooke_(socialist)" title="Frederick Cooke (socialist)">Frederick Cooke</a> (1921–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Brindle_(politician)" title="Tom Brindle (politician)">Tom Brindle</a> (1922–26)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Semple" title="Bob Semple">Bob Semple</a> (1926–28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archer_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Archer (New Zealand politician)">John Archer</a> (1928–29)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Thorn" title="Jim Thorn">Jim Thorn</a> (1929–31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Mason" title="Rex Mason">Rex Mason</a> (1931–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Jordan_(politician)" title="Bill Jordan (politician)">Bill Jordan</a> (1932–33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Langstone" title="Frank Langstone">Frank Langstone</a> (1933–34)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Armstrong_(politician)" title="Tim Armstrong (politician)">Tim Armstrong</a> (1934–35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Walter Nash</a> (1935–36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Carr" title="Clyde Carr">Clyde Carr</a> (1936–37)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Roberts_(trade_unionist)" title="James Roberts (trade unionist)">James Roberts</a> (1937–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Nordmeyer" title="Arnold Nordmeyer">Arnold Nordmeyer</a> (1950–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Moohan" title="Mick Moohan">Mick Moohan</a> (1955–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyn_Finlay" title="Martyn Finlay">Martyn Finlay</a> (1960–64)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Norman Kirk</a> (1964–66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Douglas_(politician)" title="Norman Douglas (politician)">Norman Douglas</a> (1966–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Bill Rowling</a> (1970–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bennett_(high_commissioner)" title="Charles Bennett (high commissioner)">Charles Bennett</a> (1973–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Faulkner" title="Arthur Faulkner">Arthur Faulkner</a> (1976–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Anderton" title="Jim Anderton">Jim Anderton</a> (1979–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Wilson" title="Margaret Wilson">Margaret Wilson</a> (1984–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Jones" title="Rex Jones">Rex Jones</a> (1987–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Dyson" title="Ruth Dyson">Ruth Dyson</a> (1988–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryan_Street" title="Maryan Street">Maryan Street</a> (1993–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hirschfeld" title="Michael Hirschfeld">Michael Hirschfeld</a> (1995–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Harvey_(mayor)" title="Bob Harvey (mayor)">Bob Harvey</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Williams_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Williams (New Zealand politician)">Mike Williams</a> (2000–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Little_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Andrew Little (New Zealand politician)">Andrew Little</a> (2009–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moira_Coatsworth" title="Moira Coatsworth">Moira Coatsworth</a> (2011–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Haworth" title="Nigel Haworth">Nigel Haworth</a> (2015–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Szab%C3%B3" title="Claire Szabó">Claire Szabó</a> (2019–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Day_(politician)" title="Jill Day (politician)">Jill Day</a> (2022–present)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">General secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Glover_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Glover (New Zealand politician)">John Glover</a> (1916–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a> (1919–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Ayrton" title="Moses Ayrton">Moses Ayrton</a> (1920–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Walter Nash</a> (1922–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Thorn" title="Jim Thorn">Jim Thorn</a> (1932–36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilson_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="David Wilson (New Zealand politician)">David Wilson</a> (1936–40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Moohan" title="Mick Moohan">Mick Moohan</a> (1940–48)</li> <li>Allan McDonald (1948–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wybrow" title="John Wybrow">John Wybrow</a> (1971–85)</li> <li>Tony Timms (1985–95)</li> <li>Rob Allen (1995–2000)</li> <li>Mike Smith (2001–08)</li> <li>Chris Flatt (2008–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Barnett_(politician)" title="Tim Barnett (politician)">Tim Barnett</a> (2012–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kirton" title="Andrew Kirton">Andrew Kirton</a> (2016–18)</li> <li>Andre Anderson (2018–20)</li> <li>Rob Salmond (2020–present)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_Whip_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Senior Whip of the Labour Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Senior Whips</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Walker_(politician)" title="Andrew Walker (politician)">Andrew Walker</a> (1916–19)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James McCombs</a> (1919–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Dan Sullivan (New Zealand politician)">Dan Sullivan</a> (1922–35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Jordan_(politician)" title="Bill Jordan (politician)">Bill Jordan</a> (1935–36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McKeen" title="Robert McKeen">Robert McKeen</a> (1937–39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Brien_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="James O'Brien (New Zealand politician)">James O'Brien</a> (1939–42)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Shapton_Richards" title="Arthur Shapton Richards">Arthur Shapton Richards</a> (1942–47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Macfarlane_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Robert Macfarlane (New Zealand politician)">Robert Macfarlane</a> (1947–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Connolly" title="Phil Connolly">Phil Connolly</a> (1951–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cotterill" title="Joe Cotterill">Joe Cotterill</a> (1952–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_May_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Henry May (New Zealand politician)">Henry May</a> (1958–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Barclay" title="Ron Barclay">Ron Barclay</a> (1972–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Drayton" title="Roger Drayton">Roger Drayton</a> (1976–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Marshall" title="Russell Marshall">Russell Marshall</a> (1978–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hunt_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Jonathan Hunt (New Zealand politician)">Jonathan Hunt</a> (1980–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cullen_(politician)" title="Michael Cullen (politician)">Michael Cullen</a> (1984–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Austin" title="Margaret Austin">Margaret Austin</a> (1987–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Mallard" title="Trevor Mallard">Trevor Mallard</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hunt_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Jonathan Hunt (New Zealand politician)">Jonathan Hunt</a> (1990–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Burton_(politician)" title="Mark Burton (politician)">Mark Burton</a> (1996–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Barker" title="Rick Barker">Rick Barker</a> (1999–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Benson-Pope" title="David Benson-Pope">David Benson-Pope</a> (2002–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Pettis" title="Jill Pettis">Jill Pettis</a> (2004–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Barnett_(politician)" title="Tim Barnett (politician)">Tim Barnett</a> (2005–08)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Hughes" title="Darren Hughes">Darren Hughes</a> (2008–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Barker" title="Rick Barker">Rick Barker</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Chris Hipkins</a> (2011–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Moroney" title="Sue Moroney">Sue Moroney</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Chris Hipkins</a> (2014–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Faafoi" title="Kris Faafoi">Kris Faafoi</a> (2016–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Dyson" title="Ruth Dyson">Ruth Dyson</a> (2017–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wood_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Michael Wood (New Zealand politician)">Michael Wood</a> (2019–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_McAnulty" title="Kieran McAnulty">Kieran McAnulty</a> (2020–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Webb" title="Duncan Webb">Duncan Webb</a> (2022–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangi_Utikere" title="Tangi Utikere">Tangi Utikere</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D82A20; color:white;"><div id="Organisation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Organisation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Current members <br />of parliament<small><br />Names without <br />electorates are <a href="/wiki/List_MP" title="List MP"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">list MPs</span></a></small><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_MPs" title="List of New Zealand Labour Party MPs"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">List of former MPs</span></a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Leader:</b> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Chris Hipkins</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Remutaka_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Remutaka (New Zealand electorate)">Remutaka</a>)</span></li> <li><b>Deputy Leader:</b> <a href="/wiki/Carmel_Sepuloni" title="Carmel Sepuloni">Carmel Sepuloni</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Kelston_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Kelston (New Zealand electorate)">Kelston</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginny_Andersen" title="Ginny Andersen">Ginny Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilla_Belich" title="Camilla Belich">Camilla Belich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Bennett" title="Glen Bennett">Glen Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Boyack" title="Rachel Boyack">Rachel Boyack</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Nelson_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Nelson (New Zealand electorate)">Nelson</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brooking" title="Rachel Brooking">Rachel Brooking</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Dunedin_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Dunedin (New Zealand electorate)">Dunedin</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Davidson" title="Reuben Davidson">Reuben Davidson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Christchurch_East" title="Christchurch East">Christchurch East</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Edmonds" title="Barbara Edmonds">Barbara Edmonds</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mana_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Mana (New Zealand electorate)">Mana</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanan_Halbert" title="Shanan Halbert">Shanan Halbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peeni_Henare" title="Peeni Henare">Peeni Henare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Jackson_(politician)" title="Willie Jackson (politician)">Willie Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Leary" title="Ingrid Leary">Ingrid Leary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Taieri_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Taieri (New Zealand electorate)">Taieri</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Luxton" title="Jo Luxton">Jo Luxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_McAnulty" title="Kieran McAnulty">Kieran McAnulty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracey_McLellan" title="Tracey McLellan">Tracey McLellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damien_O%27Connor" title="Damien O'Connor">Damien O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_O%27Connor_(politician)" title="Greg O'Connor (politician)">Greg O'Connor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ch%C4%81riu_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Ōhāriu (New Zealand electorate)">Ōhāriu</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Parker_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="David Parker (New Zealand politician)">David Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow-Jean_Prime" title="Willow-Jean Prime">Willow-Jean Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priyanca_Radhakrishnan" title="Priyanca Radhakrishnan">Priyanca Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Rurawhe" title="Adrian Rurawhe">Adrian Rurawhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Russell" title="Deborah Russell">Deborah Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Salesa" title="Jenny Salesa">Jenny Salesa</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Panmure-%C5%8Ct%C4%81huhu" title="Panmure-Ōtāhuhu">Panmure-Ōtāhuhu</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemauga_Lydia_Sosene" title="Lemauga Lydia Sosene">Lemauga Lydia Sosene</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ngere_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Māngere (New Zealand electorate)">Māngere</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushla_Tangaere-Manuel" title="Cushla Tangaere-Manuel">Cushla Tangaere-Manuel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Ikaroa-R%C4%81whiti" title="Ikaroa-Rāwhiti">Ikaroa-Rāwhiti</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinetti" title="Jan Tinetti">Jan Tinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Twyford" title="Phil Twyford">Phil Twyford</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Te_Atat%C5%AB_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Te Atatū (New Zealand electorate)">Te Atatū</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangi_Utikere" title="Tangi Utikere">Tangi Utikere</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Palmerston North (New Zealand electorate)">Palmerston North</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayesha_Verrall" title="Ayesha Verrall">Ayesha Verrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Webb" title="Duncan Webb">Duncan Webb</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Central" title="Christchurch Central">Christchurch Central</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_White_(politician)" title="Helen White (politician)">Helen White</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mount_Albert_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Mount Albert (New Zealand electorate)">Mount Albert</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Williams" title="Arena Williams">Arena Williams</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Manurewa_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Manurewa (New Zealand electorate)">Manurewa</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megan_Woods" title="Megan Woods">Megan Woods</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Wigram_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Wigram (New Zealand electorate)">Wigram</a>)</span></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Related organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_Vision" title="City Vision">City Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_People%27s_Choice_(political_ticket)" title="The People's Choice (political ticket)">The People's Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_Street_Labour" title="Princes Street Labour">Princes Street Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Labour" title="Rainbow Labour">Rainbow Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81tana" title="Rātana">Rātana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VicLabour" title="VicLabour">VicLabour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Young_Labour" title="New Zealand Young Labour">Young Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D82A20; color:white;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">History and related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal%E2%80%93Labour_(New_Zealand)" title="Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)">Liberal–Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Unity_Conferences" title="Labour Unity Conferences">Labour Unity Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_affair" title="Lee affair">Lee affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Budget_(New_Zealand)" title="Black Budget (New Zealand)">Black Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Affair" title="Mason Affair">Mason Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%27s_Time_(New_Zealand_campaign)" title="It's Time (New Zealand campaign)">It's Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_for_Rowling" title="Citizens for Rowling">Citizens for Rowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyle_Affair" title="Moyle Affair">Moyle Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Chip_Brigade" title="Fish and Chip Brigade">Fish and Chip Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_loan_affair" title="Māori loan affair">Māori loan affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backbone_club" title="Backbone club">Backbone club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closing_the_Gaps" title="Closing the Gaps">Closing the Gaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helengrad" title="Helengrad">Helengrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corngate" class="mw-redirect" title="Corngate">Corngate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_foreshore_and_seabed_controversy" title="New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy">Foreshore and seabed controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KiwiSaver" title="KiwiSaver">KiwiSaver</a></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Labour governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First Labour Government of New Zealand">First</a> (1935–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second Labour Government of New Zealand">Second</a> (1957–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Third Labour Government of New Zealand">Third</a> (1972–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand">Fourth</a> (1984–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand">Fifth</a> (1999–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand">Sixth</a> (2017–23)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Shadow cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Norman_Kirk" title="Shadow Cabinet of Norman Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Bill_Rowling" title="Shadow Cabinet of Bill Rowling">Rowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_David_Lange" title="Shadow Cabinet of David Lange">Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Mike_Moore" title="Shadow Cabinet of Mike Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Helen_Clark" title="Shadow Cabinet of Helen Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Phil_Goff" title="Shadow Cabinet of Phil Goff">Goff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_David_Shearer" title="Shadow Cabinet of David Shearer">Shearer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_David_Cunliffe" title="Shadow Cabinet of David Cunliffe">Cunliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Andrew_Little" title="Shadow Cabinet of Andrew Little">Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Jacinda_Ardern" title="Shadow Cabinet of Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Chris_Hipkins" title="Shadow Cabinet of Chris Hipkins">Hipkins</a></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Predecessor parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party" title="New Zealand Liberal Party">New Zealand Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Socialist_Party" title="New Zealand Socialist Party">New Zealand Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Political_Labour_League" title="Independent Political Labour League">Independent Political Labour League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party_(1910)" title="New Zealand Labour Party (1910)">New Zealand Labour Party (1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Labour_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="United Labour Party (New Zealand)">United Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)">Social Democratic Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6139215#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6139215#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6139215#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120133091">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n95081275">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w62f7x8b">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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