CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "support.scribd.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e8de3720c2ceb9e',cH: '6fm9H2SVc3jzb81B_HcB2zpLCoobKxiYPyL.XqKE5CA-1732666155-1.2.1.1-SDrX1ffT2FA_ItoLx2j47Qt3hpmTTG513IVgfnxa6YPEuyVktvNKvRRa.Hc7FAST',cUPMDTk: "\/hc\/en-us?__cf_chl_tk=LNhUexEHcuATwvogokq_nYCnL4yhKzgTJxE34WQiYjY-1732666155-1.0.1.1-i2D3bmMfvXQBC4WRhEc3SrSSWdY_7s.qgGcJ7l2LfnI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732666155',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/hc\/en-us?__cf_chl_f_tk=LNhUexEHcuATwvogokq_nYCnL4yhKzgTJxE34WQiYjY-1732666155-1.0.1.1-i2D3bmMfvXQBC4WRhEc3SrSSWdY_7s.qgGcJ7l2LfnI",md: "Hy7.SzTGyWkUAS2m17rNh.w75eyM6odvUjUn6fCViyw-1732666155-1.2.1.1-cbwOsDkX7ZEVHZgig7PZbjqa5TuliQSCtwTQqGiDohzHHb07FPdzwz7Wr7iw7LwH3Kh2bPzLEw3ep5DlS1yG8jhTNwx2iIewvp.yS.UBh_BMGUdSdvYHCjrzqZWJ6U5URi98F0NNMQJGw1Hmo8GcClwUMiHKSmrI6PODyH9094Hx7kXjgLkLP0lcB2Y3.xTn6GsZVSmC2vumU8F7XwBVPT4G_EdP_LyR1l72VLC2p5dhh7ddLpfVsrV6RBvGOUTXSjh4prbNsdLtRXCa3o8W7FTquze517c2cudJBfTPXlVaPfZ.4QdzjwG5._FIxioCVkAwcc08TdlWTeLl7_13.ARvJChFnKIMkmWqHwW0hz9Qq0kwb995SzpAZtBVz2Azh1.ipeLLmVnhEN5O6yQK5HiAy2TVt43l9gLDHDCFgrvOHMFA8id8p1IZG_YDK1m8sY1OakyE9YRfmkB2VzsfHP6wTl_vv8kvnVNbIB8on2F7MGnNfkwiksRwjAWVAfR2JbAFW_3.QR0iIgFGPBp2GCX9CTHxRk4sK00ejKaJkFrGndLFKKt7LnB7uN3PKV02AOqQM3ibbLi1e_Bk8GJDdb8xsFpR.fvj9Ii.KcwNaqzoBN0wb1RvOOI.y6d5mHflglyML70bwNeR2.ag_Bp1WDEMFstw8oA7v9TZWir7e8kjCnwYfvhuemGztYSN_Ztpq0QNN0zGeX0Jy8GREl3h2LyEAgMBKt8ZPzA8bd1_mXpw2rMzaYwcSWVyfuvNFDCdOh69kdRkYk0PX74kOW8gTv5lcVDhS.WZEJxgJe.NI.N3ViYi_a3UVVWRdYlxCRaPWEAITIeT5fh6PGFRp_ZwYDRDIZK41ZJOG0FjX1E9Y0C90Wk.UeWXu5whVOb1CL6mhFfOe05dFy_rgv1jEjmpzv4EcTl0UM9t1WPhMhWJta0QCn31dI97cGPVdlHPkguhH0q9ujPrW9Vk7n3EJVhMdu.fl.0pqYjjir..HD0pG_fIeB.fs25BocP6Po.hqndhXyCPqYcGD75JYKRKMWEA2NIHhwuGVj_omdqrZ.q3EC4KkunLJVvxUMQuVJ0Vx42IEKGh3hfgyLhLo7QAkHX8Dds.SiTL7_7OBk3BoRiSBFckYlD0beQJBiEEmOzwGN_2Ib_VdsEM6.Ho.7pObjNQ5K2BslQGLjaDxmkFZdD3xR6uSgJdmm7x060ZJdPWlt6IplH8BSSVwbhC1SQmkP5lWA00MShZNTG3_BlnRtSdC8WLh_dxzkIxLowR0VRa_wsPz6WFsnnKbylq6oAPXGGncmaIPr_4XSnSZXxHvgq4ALsgAgq2txTfkLKwvWE22jYNcPdPhCFzW8OEZhSElXHwDICNnejUAiIOs0my8NEuyo24R_ewEW4eG38Iw4FANKXjygYDX0notOA7wL.jT2MTN7Lnjdrc79mcJ8.m6Am4W_01nYQhQL9KHohNLzgChIqwkUBn9PKwgPRSVoI4UNhaCuUrY2ccSRZ8kF95pgM7UOMBiWZPtUIvvmegk_xDnjqmFKGF3.oR9qiPn5CXb1LVl9bTTUMVqLUZDpsTzrcMuGpg52XCyJnbLV90uDPJwIu7rU01Q9GqJsY.bUAh3C7wCk2q9UZ1sN7J1xvrpsuhuS.50_UldtKA34r0FWC2hJ9rco5VpD3kQB8h0vmaAJRDH7eXQ.uCx.OmAvY_k6TBfu2HfifJXJA35uCCsr7FjJUohUOYGYFjwTtwTowWDf9gos.2mO31eTQncqTo0VNnAxGpuKeXHpgohqVRG.OQqYXkNrQS2sp439rBHY80SDRW6JpP0dZYpRnQ5WiOiKE94M5V9pRI100Su_o.aftUvaTmw7R9fnnL1CrbXyoz2TAxMKlWYYVzXXIxrYU_eaBZsJaHSIGnbdS08KkQmULhZrfiOwPFB0Myz.N.8l7E.iYRllfTNEyf5cgnJmQiucvxizeEqucDBOnTJmvhOX1IePX1xkeYB_IrZtjIs_pkpnkz7o3qu3S7sHgYDSVcnzHn0oTgjBVj8xFvBMiVAPpK2xm3Ki03WJ8ic2Xilb0SVxDVlChg_fAxcAHaF60KedsmOh8FJWA6fi54W6__MH1UgaBVX.p6feZEibAdHZQIxmeuQQgu5VaZLowRWmMq.wbG.CMfPUU1J56jDH6otx2fC6RQcOUAWeCSccNy4a8LMDN2H6g7Hgh_PMiGE7YSDmcH.RN1UwXg0WHYouBfz_RRY8biC.l5TxCeHaBlcrdvnQ47J6fBJUBdgzKJ3dOdDfoDCMSp5rIHBXhAuJixPWqIJ_2EkNs6nLfUGAB2IJUI5Fr2CD25COy99_ej.7BQqT9_HUWOV_._hrDxi_y9gFHIF2T_0EycH6hoxfMIHoAq9iI9xoZ9alh5yyzBcgK3hfd6jXoHGwCUNs1CkQYp9f.dxAjMJQ8MO2FpGS0pbDxVtxc5fQRc343ebFCorscGJSzsml_Kbt7YpJh1MJbLxJL9_Mf6n8hgsC_4oZrS8FkfRMtoyIi9y.fw6qp1QC6sCNGUWvEt0UulDDFragkR6vTwi1LSpW7Vq9ktcWoClXGaBjPjwNdODAbiECicZqocFLtIequ6jCPoup.hIKTMUa_3Cv30.zsbHuzWiR_2MpODrr06JMkRPnUEv1dds_udademuAfXIrTZb8UW2jwDVxZ7FxSdKpHln7zyzM0FPnZRjqkH0WHEqQsH.amfnpW1VM6EQSn7xiwb8xcy90VQRT9flLMRmZXS0fiTXXwPE.AD30UeTvj4IXFrRC9HI71Kf5SQPlFsa2aRrXyGVsu71J2oXkGEdwKml4vMgAvsgtOKbzit6IjebI04.QYG032XzajQEzZ6ToRXxcCoieIiXzQhrkGdB59mfnVWtc6oPz5mV6KyFsMZPlNl5C8CaSdSUtNk.zs",mdrd: "JU99lQRHLgUeXnw.7Gfc0Vq3d5PBEUNbtR8sVSflm1w-1732666155-1.2.1.1-QXZoos9LxGk.aszQE9WekZMINOzTZclA6BogLIEGTqsxYkJrM4aErvK6Ta9UiTqR5slYJEJSBTDpHCE0FmqvrnI9slmAveAIlldR6uLFv6usly1ns7NM4Kz1RcaCOnX1ZfROmkHA08Gad.mAPAwGJsy99Vooac4_z6JQdiUIIyN27bsJjGIF4z4mGcTT_VM1fDJOFD_nm_Pc0SxCRtxtqCeT3vewgRI_0oMnaS7MSsdX3qGefCqQ6TecwJtCOiCRZWPuK1.20jsFT2GT1mJ0xTH7_8BAPT1ojAQ5nS.9SiodSeT4E9lOKhObl7E7oGgFptfiYh36zwIrIAGTmOegXCyU4SIPYeUtHqhVlHSQn2lEE5PoEfahAg0QE20j.vjmU2zKMX9K9xBOhyjfkjaljHNpChYn5d7WiEouqB2drcErnpJ5dim_r0xLcNedIj38a3N5Fbv.hBduaCicR9m.NASM_zkgmMRYal4J9dtsibN52O4fk.VjcXdDWH29_2fZYr4b1ap1rLg3OyCD3xHh9k1oHu7wiBkfhuKjUOg2fRmFsqvh0TRzLUVEwk1nIi1oi_LNoSYwocoSHO.e5O9xpFx2xRKs2iy8C52unAZxaV1JfFZerG8jK6UfA3QVE8y3EgLqKf8P9TZNGTi6le0eiL0KclmV8BVRg7mTVTnBGipgNR4xeIEhmTFEmTnw.dY_n1uaGHSKuQ6XC0CkkHSQWt_SLW17oKYWURDOJn51kXKuZPmcojqp9kVNyPUK9JijH2esfOgRgmKUKxwCK0aSAlBpVirAhXDEJz7599XHs.tnUe2VHv7ln5ss0UqP.H9mKbJAwySwik011XBQ0g.ZL99X1Xe7Eb3paoMwE7N4Fq1sDrJHXx0.A3cj_Cfg43K0LX04e8n04gph9tpOGGUdjGNUh5_I49aen2EPLlkejqxOXjgXRy0uyZMZf.M1TVxX58eOH7Pav0InkdmdOtwdFegzxBQ4_r8Oox6_UThTs.dJI_t9.afHqbeFXSmvdJpMFdVzQW2EMrHpgI8C6hyahd_9OHtKvZ5jHcZUeUHuI6ZNq.HIl9oMARzsidwCvTFTE.TDbH4zV7VfON_TyBoWD0S.agaq0aDEfdiS8tG5Sk0roNDlhgM9UZSbgZDhKjm9C4t733lfPF3TYyTiEgYTa8739IeFX_Xg2LhKxN8rBSLAQVFu5mtvv2ij7u9IXw.0.svsb8iM9ZiObNKdGPsSkZQ9PHI5P.GplkF.hg3D52thl_H3Q.zKrh9z5MW6bsvZ7c8N_xyoNnU6v18OTjq.RN1BPaYFsy4_0q12VdF42I8EYj4Y.LRl_zxEGkoR3yAUetZ_MFcVHW6Vd_QdgybgVnLeSPXoiA1SGkno1WmgUUUBKE0Ddh67a.XKYiUibHw7CuUbIrygefRy6HxGoFu.78sScFZxcbsSwQ98JVDkgV4_HwHlehsIJ3eTUFwNTf_Yd.8YWGfHZudct51kWFtJRRWjxQWHEQ7iMlbRneZQOz9gRsPpcKoys_7SKH5zPP2KLCCPaobwWnLCvWHt3Og0xsLr6q8JYXzLBpL0n7Qb9jrNNP.MkWIJBwNyBQrgX2uZqBvk6ksNaMCBDsMZsgH98cXUZ0x68_bCi_lyxPHIo5iyQZcoO8bKaY.cgVbv_yrFO3bKUChi3A09JOQCRzmt7a.DwR3T_a3ducqgJWmK86AYiCLoXy4rsJbJaZdpF..PvwRR1bm5KaT1yKE0ezQFYyKFSMnSiK9ohgEfD3S_zvL9HAqIzWxzLgy0EzLHtnfTzA1vKizUX2lvo3t.GjVSn4UrxubMj8HFBg4xRzEArHW2L3vfAS.I7KvwUSRrrBH5TPfgYrV_yX4gHspoWkCuf52yKLgec.VhxDVQuuoBuuQQ5knlnfGahasphJNsoZwyVHxk31t_ZN2gXexa.vn.SBG7RYGx00cocwR7JTfwr9jtqIc_AzHGzs.4g5G7IFn8F3crj24v0a0k0CB5Fan7Ag"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e8de3720c2ceb9e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/hc\/en-us?__cf_chl_rt_tk=LNhUexEHcuATwvogokq_nYCnL4yhKzgTJxE34WQiYjY-1732666155-1.0.1.1-i2D3bmMfvXQBC4WRhEc3SrSSWdY_7s.qgGcJ7l2LfnI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>