Misinformation and disinformation

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</figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> How COVID-19 transformed family dinners </p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> <div class="megamenu-col widget"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget tile square"> <h3>Advocacy</h3> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget onePerRow default "> <div class="module first last"> <a class="module-link" href="https://www.apaservices.org/advocacy" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/tile-advocacy-national-institute-mental-health-group_tcm7-279430_w640_n.jpg" alt="Lady smiling"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> Support psychology. Improve lives. </p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy">Take action with APA Services, our companion professional organization.</div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-formatted-link"> <div class="rich-formatted-content"> <div class="rich-content"> <a title="news-index-config" href="/news">All News and advocacy<i class="fas fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" class="showFrmL"> <a href="/about">About APA</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class="showFrmL"> <a href="/events">Events</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class="showFrmL"> <a href="/members">Membership</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="maincontent" role="main" tabindex="-1"> <div class="mainwrap one_col_a text-center dx-dynamic-page" id="mainwrap"> <div class="body-container full-width"> <main class="main"> <div typeof="Region" resource="Top Content"> <div class="topcontent" id="topcontent" > <section class="breadcrumbs inline-breadcrumb"> <div class="container"> <div id="breadcrumbs"> <span><a href="/">Home</a></span> <span class="breadcrumb-sep"> <i role="presentation" class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </span> <span> <a href="/topics">Psychology topics</a> </span> <span class="breadcrumb-sep"> <i role="presentation" class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </span> <span> <a href="/topics/journalism-facts">Journalism and facts</a> </span> <span class="breadcrumb-sep"> <i role="presentation" class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </span> </div> </div> </section> <hgroup class="pageHeader"> <h1 >Misinformation and disinformation</h1> </hgroup> </div> </div> <section class="content" id="ctcol"> <div typeof="Region" resource="Main"> <section class="twoCol_content " id="twoCol_content_33055801"> <section class="oneHalf first"> <div class="featureRichItem "> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy" ><p><img src="/images/misinformation-disinformation-tile_tcm7-306919_w1024_n.jpg" alt="traffic sign with words Fact Check" data-aspect="0" style="width: 740px; height: 380px;"/> </p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="oneHalf last"> <div class="featureRichItem "> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy" ><p>Misinformation is false or inaccurate information—getting the facts wrong. Disinformation is false information which is deliberately intended to mislead—intentionally misstating the facts.</p> <p>The <a href="/pubs/reports/health-misinformation">spread of misinformation and disinformation</a> has affected our ability to improve public health, address climate change, maintain a stable democracy, and more. By providing valuable insight into how and why we are likely to believe misinformation and disinformation, psychological science can inform how we protect ourselves against its ill effects.</p> </div> </div> </section> </section> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> <div class="section-divider" ></div> </div> <section class="oneCol_content " id="oneCol_content_33055901"> <section class="oneFull"> <div class="featureRichItem"> <h2>Report</h2> <div class="fifty50Widget"> <div class="multiMedia"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/misinformation-report-tile_tcm7-322565_w640_n.png" alt="three individuals looking down at their phones"> </figure> </div> <div> <a class="fifty50RightAnchor" href="/pubs/reports/health-misinformation" target="_self" > <p class="title">Using psychological science to understand and fight health misinformation</p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"><p>This report describes the best available psychological science on misinformation, particularly as it relates to health.</p> <p>It offers eight specific recommendations to help scientists, policymakers, and health professionals respond to the ongoing threats posed by misinformation.</p></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </section> <section class="oneCol_content " id="oneCol_content_33055902"> <section class="oneFull"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget tile square"> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget fourPerRow default "> <div class="module first"> <a class="module-link" href="/topics/journalism-facts/misinformation-recommendations" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/misinformation-recommendations-tile_tcm7-322550_w320_n.jpg" alt="closeup of hand holding a cell phone"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> Eight specific ways to combat misinformation </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/topics/journalism-facts/misinformation-belief-action" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/misinformation-belief-action-tile_tcm7-322554_w320_n.jpg" alt="group of people all looking down at their smartphones"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> Factors that make people believe misinformation </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/topics/journalism-facts/how-why-misinformation-spreads" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/misinformation-spreads-tile_tcm7-322552_w320_n.jpg" alt="man drinking coffee while looking at a phone"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> How and why does misinformation spread? </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module last"> <a class="module-link" href="/topics/journalism-facts/misinformation-interventions" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/misinformation-interventions-tile_tcm7-322556_w320_n.jpg" alt="woman sitting on a couch looking at her smartphone"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> Interventions to counter misinformation </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section class="oneCol_content " id="oneCol_content_33055903"> <section class="oneFull"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget link square"> <h2>APA resolution</h2> <div class="widgetWrapper standardWidget onePerRow default "> <div class="module first last"> <a class="module-link" href="/about/policy/combating-misinformation-promoting-literacy" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/combating-misinformation-index_tcm7-324976_w160_n.jpg" alt=" woman with concerned expression looking at smartphone"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> Combating misinformation and promoting psychological science literacy </p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"><p>Approved by APA Council of Representatives, February 2024</p></div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </section> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> <div class="section-divider" ></div> </div> <div class="oneCol_content" > <div class="oneFull dynamic"> <section id="featuredFourByOneOrTwo_330556" class="featureRichItem"> <span id="loader_330556" class="rr-loader" style="display: none;"> <i role="presentation" class="fas fa-spinner fa-spin fa-3x"></i> </span> </section> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function () { if (true == true) { var loader = jQuery(this).find('#loader_330556'); loader.show(); jQuery.ajax({ url: '/api/dynamic-component-items', method: 'GET', data: { viewName: 'PartialFeaturedFourByOneOrTwoItems', pageId: '306898', componentId: '330556', maxItems: '4', sortBy: 'date desc' } }).done((result) => { jQuery('#featuredFourByOneOrTwo_330556').append(result.content); loader.hide(); if (result.content == '\r\n') { jQuery('#featuredFourByOneOrTwo_330556').hide(); } }).fail((error) => { if (!!error.status) { console.log(`${error.status} ${error.statusText} error!`); } console.log(error); loader.hide(); }); } }); </script> <section class="oneCol_content " id="oneCol_content_32405201"> <section class="oneFull"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="adPackageItem ad-1-728x90"> <div class="leaderboard"> <div class="adWrap"> <div id="gpt-ad-324052010" data-ai-iframe data-ai-action="paid-ad-click" data-ai-target="gpt-ad-324052010"> <script> var layout = document.querySelector('.two_col_b') ? 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} } else { mapping = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([767, 100], [728, 90]) .addSize([320, 100], [300, 250]) .addSize([0, 0], []) .build(); } return mapping; } </script> </div> <div class='ad_label'>ADVERTISEMENT</div> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section class="oneCol_content " id="oneCol_content_33273801"> <section class="overarch"> <h2 >Videos</h2> </section> <section class="oneFull"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget tile square"> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget twoPerRow default "> <div class="module first"> <a class="module-link" href="https://youtu.be/quO2LzBptUE" target="_blank" aria-label="opens in new window" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"> <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/misinformation-disinformation-emotion-trap-tile_tcm7-332824_w640_n.jpg" alt="Cover image for The Emotion Trap video"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module last"> <a class="module-link" href="https://youtu.be/q3AzcnhkSTo" target="_blank" aria-label="opens in new window" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"> <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/misinformation-disinformation-confirmation-bias-tile_tcm7-332823_w640_n.jpg" alt="Cover image for The Confirmation Bias Bubble video"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </section> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> <div class="section-divider" ></div> </div> <section class="oneCol_content " id="oneCol_content_33056001"> <section class="oneFull"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget tile square"> <h2>Podcasts</h2> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget fourPerRow default "> <div class="module first"> <a class="module-link" href="/news/podcasts/speaking-of-psychology/stopping-spread-misinformation" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/social-linden_tcm7-322603_w320_n.png" alt="social media headshot image for Linden's podcast"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> Stopping the spread of misinformation </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/news/podcasts/speaking-of-psychology/science-denial-disbelief" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/social-sinatra-hofer_tcm7-297753_w320_n.png" alt="Speaking of Psychology: The psychology of science denial, doubt and disbelief, with Gale Sinatra, PhD, and Barbara Hofer, PhD"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> The psychology of science denial, doubt, and disbelief </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/news/podcasts/speaking-of-psychology/conspiracy-theories" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/social-douglas_tcm7-283337_w320_n.png" alt="Speaking of Psychology: Why people believe in conspiracy theories, with Karen Douglas, PhD"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> Why people believe in conspiracy theories </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module last"> <a class="module-link" href="/news/podcasts/speaking-of-psychology/combat-fake-news" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/social-albarracin_tcm7-280576_w320_n.png" alt="Speaking of Psychology Bonus Episode: How to recognize and combat ‘fake news,’ with Dolores Albarracin, PhD"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> How to recognize and combat “fake news” </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div > <div class="rich-formatted-content"> <div class="rich-content"> <a href="https://www.apa.org/search?query=misinformation&DocumentType=Podcast&sort=Relevance">More podcasts about misinformation<i class="fas fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </section> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> <div class="section-divider" ></div> </div> <div class="oneCol_content" > <div class="oneFull dynamic"> <section id="featuredFourByOneOrTwo_330557" class="featureRichItem"> <span id="loader_330557" class="rr-loader" style="display: none;"> <i role="presentation" class="fas fa-spinner fa-spin fa-3x"></i> </span> </section> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function () { if (true == true) { var loader = jQuery(this).find('#loader_330557'); 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