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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9" title="ملكمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملكمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97" title="পাঞ্চিং ব্যাগ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাঞ্চিং ব্যাগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%91%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Баксёрская груша – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Баксёрская груша" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sac_de_boxa" title="Sac de boxa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sac de boxa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxsack" title="Boxsack – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Boxsack" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saco_de_boxeo" title="Saco de boxeo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Saco de boxeo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="کیسه بوکس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کیسه بوکس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punching-ball" title="Punching-ball – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Punching-ball" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%8C%EB%93%9C%EB%B0%B1" title="샌드백 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샌드백" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacco_(pugilato)" title="Sacco (pugilato) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sacco (pugilato)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0" title="サンドバッグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サンドバッグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saco_de_boxe" title="Saco de boxe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Saco de boxe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%91%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Боксёрская груша – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" 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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the album by Josh Turner, see <a href="/wiki/Punching_Bag_(album)" title="Punching Bag (album)">Punching Bag (album)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMC-100509-M-2339L-173.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/USMC-100509-M-2339L-173.jpg/300px-USMC-100509-M-2339L-173.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/USMC-100509-M-2339L-173.jpg/450px-USMC-100509-M-2339L-173.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/USMC-100509-M-2339L-173.jpg/600px-USMC-100509-M-2339L-173.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1652" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts" title="Mixed martial arts">mixed martial arts</a> fighter "working his hands" on a heavy bag</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>punching bag</b> (or <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> <b>punchbag</b>) is a sturdy bag designed to be repeatedly <a href="/wiki/Punch_(combat)" title="Punch (combat)">punched</a>. A punching bag is usually cylindrical and filled with various materials of suitable hardness. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punching_bag&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1892_The_Lively_Sparring_Bag_-_Peck_%26_Snyder,_New_York_-_The_Spalding_Athletic_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1892_The_Lively_Sparring_Bag_-_Peck_%26_Snyder%2C_New_York_-_The_Spalding_Athletic_Library.jpg/170px-1892_The_Lively_Sparring_Bag_-_Peck_%26_Snyder%2C_New_York_-_The_Spalding_Athletic_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1892_The_Lively_Sparring_Bag_-_Peck_%26_Snyder%2C_New_York_-_The_Spalding_Athletic_Library.jpg/255px-1892_The_Lively_Sparring_Bag_-_Peck_%26_Snyder%2C_New_York_-_The_Spalding_Athletic_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1892_The_Lively_Sparring_Bag_-_Peck_%26_Snyder%2C_New_York_-_The_Spalding_Athletic_Library.jpg/340px-1892_The_Lively_Sparring_Bag_-_Peck_%26_Snyder%2C_New_York_-_The_Spalding_Athletic_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1867" data-file-height="2231" /></a><figcaption>An 1892 advertisement for The Lively Sparring Bag<sup id="cite_ref-SpaldingAthleticLibrary_189212_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpaldingAthleticLibrary_189212-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Punching bags have been used in <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">martial arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swordplay" class="mw-redirect" title="Swordplay">swordplay</a> for the entire <a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">written history</a> of military training.<sup id="cite_ref-PD_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar apparatus in Asian martial arts include the Okinawan <a href="/wiki/Makiwara" title="Makiwara">makiwara</a> and the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Muk_Yan_Jong" class="mw-redirect" title="Muk Yan Jong">mook jong</a>, which may have padded striking surfaces attached to them.<sup id="cite_ref-BL_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In martial arts and combat sports—such as <a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">karate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">taekwondo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muay_Thai" title="Muay Thai">Muay Thai</a>—"heavy" bags, standing bags, and similar apparatuses have been adapted for practicing kicking and other striking maneuvers in addition to developing punching technique.<sup id="cite_ref-BL_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punching_bag&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Punching bags are often filled with <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">grains</a>, sand, rags, or other material, and are usually hung from the ceiling or affixed to a stand.<sup id="cite_ref-bag-contents_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bag-contents-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other bags have an internal bladder to allow them to be filled with air or water. The design of a punching bag allows it to take repeated and constant physical abuse without breaking. The bag must also absorb the impact of blows without causing harm to the user. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punching_bag&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are different types of punching bags, with different names based on their size, use and mounting method. Almost all punching bags are covered with either <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a> or synthetic materials such as <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_(fabric)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl (fabric)">vinyl</a> which resist abrasion and <a href="/wiki/Mildew" title="Mildew">mildew</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canvas" title="Canvas">Canvas</a> can also be used as a bag material where there is lower use and <a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">humidity</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_110325-N-7544A-044_Master-at-Arms_2nd_Class_Nancy_Mora_works_out_on_a_speed_bag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/US_Navy_110325-N-7544A-044_Master-at-Arms_2nd_Class_Nancy_Mora_works_out_on_a_speed_bag.jpg/220px-US_Navy_110325-N-7544A-044_Master-at-Arms_2nd_Class_Nancy_Mora_works_out_on_a_speed_bag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/US_Navy_110325-N-7544A-044_Master-at-Arms_2nd_Class_Nancy_Mora_works_out_on_a_speed_bag.jpg/330px-US_Navy_110325-N-7544A-044_Master-at-Arms_2nd_Class_Nancy_Mora_works_out_on_a_speed_bag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/US_Navy_110325-N-7544A-044_Master-at-Arms_2nd_Class_Nancy_Mora_works_out_on_a_speed_bag.jpg/440px-US_Navy_110325-N-7544A-044_Master-at-Arms_2nd_Class_Nancy_Mora_works_out_on_a_speed_bag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Woman working out with a speed bag (AKA, speedball)</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="anchor" id="speed_bag"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Expert_bag_punching_%281903%29.webm/220px-seek%3D1-Expert_bag_punching_%281903%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="94" data-mwtitle="Expert_bag_punching_(1903).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Expert_bag_punching_(1903).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Expert_bag_punching_%281903%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/Expert_bag_punching_%281903%29.webm/Expert_bag_punching_%281903%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/Expert_bag_punching_%281903%29.webm/Expert_bag_punching_%281903%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/Expert_bag_punching_%281903%29.webm/Expert_bag_punching_%281903%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Gus Keller, 1903</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Speed bags</b> (AKA, speedballs) are small, air-filled bags anchored at the top to a rebound platform parallel to the ground. Speed bags help a fighter learn to keep their hands up, improve <a href="/wiki/Eye%E2%80%93hand_coordination" title="Eye–hand coordination">hand-eye coordination</a>, and learn to shift weight between feet when punching. They are also known as speedballs or speed ball bags. They are generally filled with air and fitted around a tight <a href="/wiki/Polyurethane" title="Polyurethane">PU</a>-based or leather material. They come in various sizes, ranging from the large 13 in × 10 in (33 cm × 25 cm) and 12 in × 9 in (30 cm × 23 cm), midsize 11 in × 8 in (28 cm × 20 cm), 10 in × 7 in (25 cm × 18 cm) and 9 in × 6 in (23 cm × 15 cm), to the small 8 in × 5 in (20 cm × 13 cm), 7 in × 4 in (18 cm × 10 cm) and 6 in × 4 in (15 cm × 10 cm). Generally the larger the bag, the slower it is and the more force is required to keep it going. Large bags are used more for building strength and <a href="/wiki/Endurance" title="Endurance">endurance</a>, while smaller bags allow the training athlete to focus on faster hand speed, timing and coordination. Beginners might view this bag more as a "control bag", not a speed bag, for they will not be able to punch both quickly and repetitively until they gain control over their swinging force and speed. </p><p>A boxer normally hits the speed bag from the front with his or her fists, but it is also possible to use fists and elbows to hit the bag from all around it, including the front, back and sides. In this method the user may perform many diverse punching combinations that create improvised rhythmic accents. </p><p>Although speed bags are normally hung vertically, recently the additional method of hanging a bag horizontally on a wall has regained popularity. This was very popular during the early twentieth century, specifically the 1920s–1940s era. The same punching skills may be used on the horizontal bag that are used when it hangs vertically. A <b>coordination bag</b> is a new<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> type of speed bag that moves unpredictably rather than rhythmically. Additionally, due to the tedious mounting and anchoring necessary when installing a traditional speed bag platform, a <b>portable speed bag</b> platform that installs in a doorway has been created. Designed so that downward pressure stabilizes this portable speed bag platform, it can be installed and removed through a tension system that allows for use in any doorway. </p><p><b>Swerve balls/floor-to-ceiling balls/double-end bags</b> are almost the same as speed bags, with the only differences being that the bag' size, shape and material may be different, and that the cable system is attached to both the ceiling and a clip on the floor — when the boxer makes any strike on the ball, it reacts by swinging fast towards them, the object being to swerve, punch, dodge and improve co-ordination. The harder and faster these bags are hit, the more they rebound and react in different motions and angles, thus giving broader practice to the fighter. Double-floor to ceiling balls which allow for training body-head combinations also exist.<sup id="cite_ref-PD_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BL_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Maize bags</b> or <b>slip bags</b> are not punched with great force, but are used in <a href="/wiki/Boxing_training" title="Boxing training">boxing training</a> to improve the athlete's head motion and ability to evade an opponent's punch, their name deriving from the fact that traditionally they are filled with <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>. </p><p>A <b>heavy bag</b> is a larger, cylindrical bag, usually suspended by chains or ropes and used for practicing powerful body punches, and can be used to toughen hands or any other limb used to hit the bag.<sup id="cite_ref-PD_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BL_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heavy bags are for developing power; technique is best learned on the punch mitts or pads. Some variants of heavy bag are a Banana Bag used in Muay Thai, which is longer than a regular heavy bag and is used to train low kicks and <a href="/wiki/Knee_(strike)" title="Knee (strike)">knee strikes</a>, and a slim line bag that is thinner than a heavy bag.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Freestanding heavy bags</b> are heavy bags mounted on a weighted pedestal rather than being hung from above. The base is typically filled with sand or water to give more stability to the bag and prevent it from moving around. While they serve the same purpose as hanging heavy bags, they can also be toppled over and used for ground-and-pound practice.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other variations on the standard heavy bag include horizontal suspension from both ends to practice <a href="/wiki/Uppercut" title="Uppercut">uppercut</a> punches, and non-cylindrical shapes. Freestanding reflex bags (freestanding speed bags) also exist. </p><p><b>Uppercut bags</b> began to appear towards the beginning of the 21st century. With so many different variations of bags and training equipment for boxing taking off, the uppercut bag was and is still a common sight in clubs and gyms. </p><p>Designed for uppercut practice, <a href="/wiki/Jab" title="Jab">jabbing</a>, curl punching and quick bursts of high and low punching practice, it allows the fighter to punch at different lengths, different speeds and different forces compared to the standard average 4-foot straight PU (polyurethane) punching bags. Some types of uppercut bags: An <b>angle bag</b> a variant of uppercut bag used for training <a href="/wiki/Hook_(boxing)" title="Hook (boxing)">hooks</a> and uppercuts; an <b>uppercut horizontal punching tag</b>, <b>teardrop bag</b>, <b>body snatcher/wrecking ball bag</b> or <b>bowling pin bag</b> are used for training knees and uppercuts. </p><p>A <b>wall bag</b> is a type of bag that is attached to a wall and can be used for training hooks and uppercuts. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMC-100114-M-1909N-064.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/USMC-100114-M-1909N-064.jpg/220px-USMC-100114-M-1909N-064.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/USMC-100114-M-1909N-064.jpg/330px-USMC-100114-M-1909N-064.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/USMC-100114-M-1909N-064.jpg/440px-USMC-100114-M-1909N-064.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>A "body opponent bag" on a pedestal mount</figcaption></figure> <p>Body-shaped training aids such as the modern "<b>body opponent bag</b>" are made primarily of synthetic materials, and punching bags are sometimes mounted on a weighted pedestal rather than hanging from above. These bags try to simulate a live opponent while providing an opportunity to practice vital area strikes which are generally unsafe to perform on a sparring partner. These are not considered punching bags in the strict sense, but modern versions of apparatus such as the <a href="/wiki/Muk_Yan_Jong" class="mw-redirect" title="Muk Yan Jong">wooden man apparatus</a> of Chinese <a href="/wiki/Wing_Chun" title="Wing Chun">Wing Chun</a>, the medieval <a href="/wiki/Quintain_(jousting)" title="Quintain (jousting)">quintain</a>, and target dummies used in modern <a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">bayonet</a> training. Large inflatable <a href="/wiki/Balloon" title="Balloon">balloons</a> with weighted bases are another kind of punching bag, often painted with a picture and sold as a children's toy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety_precautions">Safety precautions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punching_bag&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Safety precautions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><p><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-inline">‹The <a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">template</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Template:Manual" title="Template:Manual">Manual</a></i> is being <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_25#Template:Manual" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 25">considered for merging</a>.›</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style></p><table class="box-Manual plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is written like <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#GUIDE" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">a manual or guide</a>.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punching_bag&action=edit">rewrite this section</a> and remove advice or instruction.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Heavy bags are typically filled with dense material which have little "give" (e.g., packed sand, grains, etc.); in order to avoid injury, hand protection (<a href="/wiki/Boxing_glove" title="Boxing glove">boxing gloves</a>, bag gloves, training gloves, hand wraps, etc.) is used during practice. </p><p>Powerful strikes to the heavy bag are not recommended for inexperienced, or younger athletes (<18 female, <21 male), as risk of <a href="/wiki/Sprain" title="Sprain">sprain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscle_strain" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscle strain">strain</a>, or bone-plate damage may adversely affect bone structures. It is highly recommended to carefully focus strikes to reduce chance of injury (such as <a href="/wiki/Boxer%27s_fracture" title="Boxer's fracture">boxer's fracture</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-PD_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BL_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punching_bag&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Punching_bags" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Punching bags">Punching bags</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/punching_bag" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:punching bag">punching bag</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strength_tester_machine" title="Strength tester machine">Strength tester machine</a> – some of these machines utilize a punching bag</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punching_bag&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SpaldingAthleticLibrary_189212-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SpaldingAthleticLibrary_189212_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200327135438/http://www.hucosystems.com/articles/First%20Job.htg/bowling2.pdf">"Bowling"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Spalding's Athletic Library</i>. Vol. 1, no. 3. New York: American Sports Publishing Company. December 1892. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hucosystems.com/articles/First%20Job.htg/bowling2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spalding%27s+Athletic+Library&rft.atitle=Bowling&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1892-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hucosystems.com%2Farticles%2FFirst%2520Job.htg%2Fbowling2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunching+bag" class="Z3988"></span> (advertisement in monthly magazine)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PD-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PD_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PD_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PD_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PD_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDePasquale1990" class="citation cs2">DePasquale, Peter (1990), <i>The Boxer's Workout</i>, California: Fighting Fit, p. 176, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9627050-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9627050-0-4"><bdi>0-9627050-0-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Boxer%27s+Workout&rft.place=California&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Fighting+Fit&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-9627050-0-4&rft.aulast=DePasquale&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunching+bag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BL-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BL_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BL_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BL_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BL_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BL_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1977" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Lee, Bruce</a> (1977), <i>Bruce Lee's Fighting Method,Vol. 2: Basic Training</i>, California: Ohara, p. 128, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89750-051-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-89750-051-2"><bdi>0-89750-051-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bruce+Lee%27s+Fighting+Method%2CVol.+2%3A+Basic+Training&rft.place=California&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Ohara&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-89750-051-2&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunching+bag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bag-contents-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bag-contents_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927180014/http://www.nbc30.com/news/13331924/detail.html?rss=har&psp=weird-news">"NBC 30 Connecticut"</a>. <i>Family's Punching Bag Holds Smelly Surprise</i>. 2007-05-16. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbc30.com/news/13331924/detail.html?rss=har&psp=weird-news">the original</a> on September 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Family%27s+Punching+Bag+Holds+Smelly+Surprise&rft.atitle=NBC+30+Connecticut&rft.date=2007-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbc30.com%2Fnews%2F13331924%2Fdetail.html%3Frss%3Dhar%26psp%3Dweird-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunching+bag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ehrliche-tests.de/boxsack-stehend-top-10/">"Standing punching bag"</a> (in German). January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standing+punching+bag&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fehrliche-tests.de%2Fboxsack-stehend-top-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunching+bag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Justice2021" class="citation web cs1">Ministry of Justice (January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/192945/self-defence-circular.pdf">"Use of force in self defence at place of residence"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Use+of+force+in+self+defence+at+place+of+residence&rft.date=2021-01&rft.au=Ministry+of+Justice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F192945%2Fself-defence-circular.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunching+bag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punching_bag&oldid=1193720646">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punching_bag&oldid=1193720646</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boxing" title="Category:Boxing">Boxing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Exercise_equipment" title="Category:Exercise equipment">Exercise equipment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Martial_arts_equipment" title="Category:Martial arts equipment">Martial arts equipment</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_April_2021" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from April 2021">Vague or ambiguous time from April 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_style_issues_from_July_2012" title="Category:Wikipedia articles with style issues from July 2012">Wikipedia articles with style issues from July 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_style_issues" title="Category:All articles with style issues">All articles with style issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 January 2024, at 08:00<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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