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Occupational therapist - Wikipedia
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href="#Places_of_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Places of work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Role</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Role-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Role subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Work-related_therapy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work-related_therapy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Work-related therapy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work-related_therapy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pediatric_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pediatric_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Pediatric practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pediatric_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neonatal_intensive_care_units_(NICU)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neonatal_intensive_care_units_(NICU)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Neonatal intensive care units (NICU)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neonatal_intensive_care_units_(NICU)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_intervention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_intervention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Early intervention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_intervention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outpatient_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outpatient_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Outpatient services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outpatient_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.5</span> <span>Primary care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community-based" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community-based"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Community-based</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community-based-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_displacement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_displacement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Human displacement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_displacement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-With_older_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#With_older_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>With older people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-With_older_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mental_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mental_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Mental health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mental_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-With_terminally-ill_patients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#With_terminally-ill_patients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>With terminally-ill patients</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-With_terminally-ill_patients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-With_people_experiencing_chronic_pain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#With_people_experiencing_chronic_pain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>With people experiencing chronic pain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-With_people_experiencing_chronic_pain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assessment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Assessment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assessment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hand_therapy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hand_therapy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hand therapy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hand_therapy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Occupational therapist</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A" title="أخصائي العلاج الوظيفي المهني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أخصائي العلاج الوظيفي المهني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE" title="কর্মসংক্রান্ত চিকিৎসা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কর্মসংক্রান্ত চিকিৎসা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter%C3%A0pia_ocupacional" title="Teràpia ocupacional – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teràpia ocupacional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergoterapie" title="Ergoterapie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ergoterapie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergoterapeut" title="Ergoterapeut – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ergoterapeut" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotherapie" title="Ergotherapie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ergotherapie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Εργοθεραπευτής – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εργοθεραπευτής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapeuta_ocupacional" title="Terapeuta ocupacional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Terapeuta ocupacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergoth%C3%A9rapie" title="Ergothérapie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ergothérapie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapeuta_ocupacional" title="Terapeuta ocupacional – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Terapeuta ocupacional" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%91%EC%97%85%EC%B9%98%EB%A3%8C%EC%82%AC" title="작업치료사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="작업치료사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radna_terapija" title="Radna terapija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Radna terapija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapia_occupazionale" title="Terapia occupazionale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terapia occupazionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A7" title="ריפוי בעיסוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריפוי בעיסוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergoterapija" title="Ergoterapija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ergoterapija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotherapeut" title="Ergotherapeut – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ergotherapeut" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95%E5%A3%AB" title="作業療法士 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="作業療法士" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergoterapeut" title="Ergoterapeut – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ergoterapeut" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapeuta_ocupacional" title="Terapeuta ocupacional – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terapeuta ocupacional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Окупациона терапија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Окупациона терапија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toimintaterapeutti" title="Toimintaterapeutti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toimintaterapeutti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbetsterapeut" title="Arbetsterapeut – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arbetsterapeut" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" title="กิจกรรมบำบัด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กิจกรรมบำบัด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B7%E6%A5%AD%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82%E5%B8%AB" title="職業治療師 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="職業治療師" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B7%E8%83%BD%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82%E5%B8%AB" title="職能治療師 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="職能治療師" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q631193#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Occupational+therapist%22">"Occupational therapist"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Occupational+therapist%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Occupational+therapist%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Occupational+therapist%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Occupational+therapist%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Occupational+therapist%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Occupational_therapist" title="Talk:Occupational therapist">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <b>Occupational therapists</b> (<b>OTs</b>) are health care professionals specializing in <a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapy" title="Occupational therapy">occupational therapy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Occupational_science" title="Occupational science">occupational science</a>. OTs and occupational therapy assistants (OTAs) use <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_practice" title="Evidence-based practice">scientific bases</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">holistic</a> perspective to promote a person's ability to fulfill their daily routines and roles. OTs have training in the physical, psychological, and social aspects of human functioning deriving from an education grounded in <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomical</a> and physiological concepts, and psychological perspectives. They enable individuals across the lifespan by optimizing their abilities to perform activities that are meaningful to them ("occupations"). Human occupations include <a href="/wiki/Activities_of_daily_living" title="Activities of daily living">activities of daily living</a>, work/vocation, play, education, leisure, rest and sleep, and social participation. </p><p>OTs work in a variety of fields, including <a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">pediatrics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_surgery" title="Orthopedic surgery">orthopedics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">neurology</a>, low vision therapy, physical rehabilitation, <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_rehabilitation" title="Psychiatric rehabilitation">mental health</a>, assistive technology, oncological rehabilitation, and <a href="/wiki/Geriatrics" title="Geriatrics">geriatrics</a>. OTs are employed in healthcare settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, residential care facilities, home health agencies, outpatient rehabilitation centers, etc. OTs are also employed by school systems, and as consultants by businesses to address employee work-related safety and productivity. Many OTs are also self-employed and own independent practices. In the United States, OTs are also employed as <a href="/wiki/Military_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="Military officers">commissioned officers</a> in the Army, Navy and Air force branches of the military. In the US Army, OTs are part of the <a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Department_(United_States)" title="Army Medical Department (United States)">Army Medical Specialist Corps</a>. OTs are also a part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps</a>, one of eight <a href="/wiki/Uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Uniformed services of the United States">uniformed services of the United States</a>. </p><p>Occupational therapy interventions are aimed to restore/ improve functional abilities, and/or alleviate/ eliminate limitations or disabilities through compensatory/adaptive methods/and or drug use. OTs, thus, evaluate and address both the individual's capacities and his/ her environment (physical and psycho-social) in order to help the individual optimize their function and fulfill their occupational roles. They often recommend adaptive equipment/ assistive technology products and provide training in its use to help mitigate limitations and enhance safety. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation_and_qualifications">Preparation and qualifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Preparation and qualifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To practice as an occupational therapist, the individual trained in the United States:<sup id="cite_ref-process_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-process-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Has graduated from an occupational therapy program (currently at the master's or <a href="/wiki/Doctoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctoral">doctoral</a> levels) accredited by the <a href="/wiki/American_Occupational_Therapy_Association" title="American Occupational Therapy Association">Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education</a> (ACOTE)<sup id="cite_ref-qualifications_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qualifications-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or predecessor organizations;</li> <li>Has successfully completed a period of supervised fieldwork experience required by the recognized educational institution where the applicant met the academic requirements of an educational program for occupational therapists that is accredited by ACOTE or predecessor organizations;</li> <li>Has passed a nationally recognized registration examination for occupational therapists (OTR, for "Occupational Therapist, Registered, Licensed") administered by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Board_for_Certification_in_Occupational_Therapy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (page does not exist)">National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy</a> (NBCOT);<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and</li> <li>Fulfills state requirements for licensure, certification, or registration.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_work">Places of work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Places of work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Employment may include <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospitals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinic" title="Clinic">clinics</a>, day and community-based rehabilitation centers, home care programs, special schools, industry, and private enterprise. Many occupational therapists work in private practice and as educators and consultants. Occupational therapist practitioners (OTPs) also work in community outreach, after school programs, community centers, and anywhere meaningful life activities occur. Occupational therapists meet clients in natural settings where real life activities and routines occur.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role">Role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occupational therapists are skilled healthcare professionals who promote participation, health, and well-being through meaningful engagement in everyday activities. One of their main goals is to help their patients function effectively in their roles and routines in everyday life.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Occupational therapy practitioners work with clients of all ages in diverse practice areas, some of which include rehabilitation after illness/injury, pediatrics, mental health, geriatrics, assistive technology, health and wellness, pain management, work/industry, and community accessibility.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Occupational therapists may promote client participation and independence in life by strengthening client factors and performance skills such as physical, cognitive, and perceptual abilities. OTs may also help clients achieve their desired outcomes by facilitating their use of adaptive strategies, adaptive equipment, and/or environmental modifications.<sup id="cite_ref-health_promotion_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-health_promotion-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Occupational therapists focus on providing a client-centered, holistic approach to each patient, using therapeutic interventions geared toward the person, occupation, and environment. Occupational therapists bring attention to a person's unique identity, abilities, strengths, interests, and environment to provide strategies and techniques that will allow clients to live life to the fullest. Occupational therapists foster promotion of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and a sense of achievement through doing, being, and belonging in a client's choice of activities, roles, routines, contexts, and environments. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occupational therapists can also provide prevention and education regarding physical, mental, and social-emotional aspects of health and wellness within the realm of prevention, promotion, and intervention.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Occupational therapists are often involved in multidisciplinary teams that may include health care practitioners such as physicians, nurses, <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">physiotherapists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speech%E2%80%93language_pathology" title="Speech–language pathology">speech and language therapists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_psychology" title="Rehabilitation psychology">rehabilitation psychologists</a>, and social workers. Building effective partnerships with other professionals in the interest of quality service provision to clients are essential to valuable practice. Collaboration with members of the client's team enriches interdisciplinary communication and ensures the best outcomes for clients.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The client and their family and caregivers remain the central focus and driving force of the team.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work-related_therapy">Work-related therapy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Work-related therapy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some occupational therapists treat individuals whose ability to function in a work environment has been impaired. These practitioners arrange <a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">employment</a>, evaluate the work environment, plan work activities, and assess the client's progress. Therapists also may collaborate with the client and the employer to modify the work environment so that the work can be successfully completed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pediatric_practice">Pediatric practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pediatric practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pediatric occupational therapists support their communities by providing services to infants, toddlers, children, youth, and their families across a variety of settings that might include schools, clinics, and homes. They do this by implementing intervention that is driven by science and backed by evidence. A child's life is made up of "occupations". These "occupations", or daily activities, include play, learning, and socializing. The role of the pediatric occupational therapist is to support the child in any environment in which the child is not able to carry out the desired occupations. The most common areas of practice for a pediatric occupational therapist include: <a href="/wiki/Neonatal_intensive_care_unit" title="Neonatal intensive care unit">neonatal intensive care units</a> (NICU), early intervention, schools, and outpatient services. Areas of emerging practice include primary care and community-based.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neonatal_intensive_care_units_(NICU)"><span id="Neonatal_intensive_care_units_.28NICU.29"></span>Neonatal intensive care units (NICU)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Neonatal intensive care units (NICU)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the beginning of life, occupational therapists might work with infants who are medically fragile in NICU of medical centers. An occupational therapist might address areas such as feeding/nutrition, positioning, development, sensory processing and integration, and sleep.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_intervention">Early intervention</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early intervention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An occupational therapist may work with children in early intervention, from birth to three years old. The role of the occupational therapist is to support the child's needs by collaborating with the caregivers/parents. The goal of the occupational therapist in early intervention is to support the achievement of developmental milestones. They do this by providing intervention and education in the context of play and daily living. Therapeutic intervention may include feeding/nutrition, physical development, play skill development, social/emotional development. In early intervention, a strong emphasis is placed on parent/caregiver education. The reason Occupational Therapists are vital to the NICU, is due to the vulnerability of premature infants.<sup id="cite_ref-Ross2017_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ross2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NICU-based therapists teach the skills the infant needs to live optimally.<sup id="cite_ref-Ross2017_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ross2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they do this while simultaneously understanding the medical interventions occurring, and how these medical needs need to be worked around during a therapy session.<sup id="cite_ref-Ross2017_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ross2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infants who received more therapy displayed better neurological behaviors.<sup id="cite_ref-Ross2017_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ross2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occupational Therapists mainly focus on positioning the child, including equipment and how to promote optimal development.<sup id="cite_ref-Ross2017_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ross2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Schools">Schools</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once a child is over the age of three and meets eligibility for special education services, the child may receive occupational therapy services through an <a href="/wiki/Individualized_Education_Program" title="Individualized Education Program">Individualized Education Program</a> (IEP). In the school setting, the goal of occupational therapy is to support the implementation of the IEP. The occupational therapist might do this by providing direct or indirect services. Direct services might include individual or group services. Indirect services might include consultation with their school team, creating modifications and/or accommodations for the classroom, and/or providing training to the school team.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Outpatient_services">Outpatient services</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Outpatient services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occupational therapists might also work with children in an outpatient clinic. When serving children in an outpatient clinic, services typically have to meet the criteria for medical necessity. Occupational therapists continue to focus on "occupations"; however, the "occupations" typically are related to medically necessary occupations such as safety and health.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Primary_care">Primary care</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Primary care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Primary care for occupational therapists is an emerging area of practice. Traditionally a primary care office included physician, physician assistant, nurse, or nurse practitioner. In this model, the physician is limited to diagnosing and medical management. The field of occupational therapy is advocating for occupational therapists to become a part of primary care teams. In regard to children, an occupational therapist could contribute by providing early parent training, developmental screenings, tips for wellness and prevention.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community-based">Community-based</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Community-based"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another emerging area of practice for occupational therapy is promoting health and wellness through community-based programming. Occupational therapist can do this by coaching and consulting in the community. It is implemented through not just the OTs but through the community stakeholders and those with disabilities themselves.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>OTs work in community-based rehabilitation projects as trainers and educators to help teach community members while facilitating them and developing programs.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some examples include backpack awareness, promoting physical activity in families, creating inclusive community environments such as churches and health facilities, advocacy at government levels, conducting rallies, etc.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_displacement">Human displacement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Human displacement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This refers to forced movement of communities by environmental or social factors which causes loss of occupational activities. This is caused by a number of factors including <a href="/wiki/Natural_disaster" title="Natural disaster">natural disaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armed_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed conflict">armed conflict</a> or developmental and economic changes. Occupational therapists work with these displaced persons in order to help rebuild roles, routines, <a href="/wiki/Self-efficacy" title="Self-efficacy">self-efficacy</a>, so that occupational imbalance, injustice, or deprivation does not occur. Occupational therapists work through community-based programs that are client-centered and <a href="/wiki/Culturally_sensitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Culturally sensitive">culturally sensitive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="With_older_people">With older people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: With older people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occupational therapy is very beneficial to the older population. Therapists help older people lead more productive, active, and independent lives through a variety of methods, including the use of adaptive equipment. Occupational therapists work with older people in many varied environments, such as in their homes in the community, in hospital, and in residential care facilities to name a few. In the home environment, occupational therapists may work with the individuals to assess for hazards and to identify environmental factors that contribute to falls. Occupational therapists are often instrumental in assessing for appropriate wheelchairs for older people who may need them. In addition, therapists with specialized training in driver rehabilitation assess an individual's ability to drive using both clinical and on-the-road tests. The evaluations allow the therapist to make recommendations for adaptive equipment, training to prolong driving independence, and alternative transport options.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mental_health">Mental health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mental health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During World War II, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapy" title="Occupational therapy">occupational therapy</a> began to play a far bigger role in the treatment of soldiers in psychiatric hospitals run by or for the British military.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therapists found that engagement in occupation (usually crafts such as <a href="/wiki/Woodwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodwork">woodwork</a>, <a href="/wiki/Signwriter" title="Signwriter">sign writing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">carpentry</a>, etc.) was an effective intervention for increasing <a href="/wiki/Emotional_self-regulation" title="Emotional self-regulation">self-regulation</a> and mental <a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">well-being</a> in people with physical disabilities such as loss of limb and mental illness. <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the decades since, occupational therapy has continued to advance and services in mental health now aim to promote positive <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a>, prevent mental health problems, and help manage mental health challenges by providing client-centered care. According to the World Federation of Occupational Therapists (2019, p. 2), occupational therapists recognize that good mental health enables people to realize their potential, cope with life's normal stresses, work productively, and contribute to their communities". Occupational therapists acknowledge the unique identities of each individual and their lived experiences and values choice and autonomy with one's recovery journey to promote participation in meaningful occupations of everyday life.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occupational therapists address the needs of clients in all phases of mental health recovery and in all settings, ranging from acute inpatient mental health settings to community mental health settings.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occupational therapists also work with clients on a large continuum of mental health challenges, including clients with substance-use disorders, mental illness, eating disorders, stress-related challenges, trauma, and adverse experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skilled interventions with clients may include: </p> <ul><li>Self-regulation and coping strategies (e.g. mindfulness, grounding)</li> <li>Emotional awareness training and emotional regulation strategies, including advocacy</li> <li>Social emotional skills and training</li> <li>Social cognitive skills</li> <li>Training in executive functioning strategies</li> <li>Quality of life measures and awareness</li> <li>Implementation of healthy habits and routines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motivational_interviewing" title="Motivational interviewing">Motivational interviewing</a></li> <li>Strategies to reduce stress</li> <li>Sensory modulation-related interventions to self-regulate</li> <li>Behavioral interventions, such as <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy" title="Cognitive behavioral therapy">cognitive behavioral therapy</a> (CBT) or <a href="/wiki/Dialectical_behavioral_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialectical behavioral therapy">dialectical behavioral therapy</a> (DBT)</li> <li>Trauma-informed care</li> <li>Skills training with accommodations or compensatory strategies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_literacy" title="Mental health literacy">Mental health literacy</a></li> <li>Lifestyle redesign, a preventative occupational therapy intervention to promote wellness</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="With_terminally-ill_patients">With terminally-ill patients</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: With terminally-ill patients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occupational therapy (OT) practitioners help patients with <a href="/wiki/Terminal_illness" title="Terminal illness">terminal illnesses</a> and conditions by assisting them with their needs related to end-of-life support. All of the areas of a patient's life including work, play and leisure are widely affected. An occupational therapist provides various treatment modalities to help such individuals to restore or maintain their deteriorating performance components by using their remaining capabilities to give them a sense of self-importance and a measure of self-confidence. The World Federation of Occupational Therapy (WFOT) recognizes the important role OT practitioners have in end-of-life care. In working with patients who have severe health conditions, disabilities and terminal illnesses, the OT clinician will help these individuals engage in meaningful, everyday occupations, as well as exercise the right to well-being and the best quality of life despite the unavoidable conclusion to their lifecycle. An OT practitioner understands the transactional relationship that exists between the individual, environment, and occupation; so that life enhancing, ongoing performance in quality of life activities are promoted. The WFOT recognizes an optimistic presence for OT in end-of-life care with an ongoing need for advocacy and support.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="With_people_experiencing_chronic_pain">With people experiencing chronic pain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: With people experiencing chronic pain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occupational therapists often work within interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary teams (professionals such as physical therapists, nurses and physicians) to help individuals with <a href="/wiki/Chronic_pain" title="Chronic pain">chronic pain</a> develop active self-management strategies. An area of specific concern to occupational therapists is the usage of a patient's time <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it is also common for occupational therapists to help people return to work, and to return to leisure and family activities.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occupational therapists may use a variety of interventions including <a href="/wiki/Biofeedback" title="Biofeedback">biofeedback</a>, relaxation, goal setting, problem solving, planning, and can use those tools within both group and individual settings.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therapists may work within a clinic setting, or in the community including the workplace, school, home and health care centers. Occupational therapists may assess occupational performance before and after intervention, as a measure of effectiveness and reduction in disability.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Models">Models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occupational therapists can work from a variety of models, both broad and discrete. Top-down approaches are considered more broad and focus on the occupation itself while taking into consideration the many contextual factors (environmental, social, cultural, etc.), in comparison to bottom-up approaches which are more narrow or discrete. These models include the Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO), Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP), Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E), Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), and Ecology of Human Performance (EHP).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assessment">Assessment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Assessment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order for an individual or group to receive occupational therapy services they must first be referred by themselves, another health care provider, or through their support system (family, friends) to receive an occupational therapy evaluation. As part of the service delivery process, the evaluation consists of the initial occupational profile followed by an analysis of occupational performance.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occupational therapy evaluations and occupational therapy assessments are important in determining an individual's skill set or deficiency. Through the occupational profile, which is a structured interview of the client, an occupational therapist can identify the client's self-perceived strengths and limitations in participating in daily occupations and help create an individualized treatment plan that addresses the occupations that are meaningful and necessary to the client. As part of the occupational profile, an occupational therapist also seeks to identify physical and social supports and barriers to participation.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occupational therapists often gather additional information by communicating with the client's support system, which may include a child's parents/guardians, a student's teacher, an adult's spouse/siblings/friends, or a senior's caretaker. The analysis of occupational performance may be gathered through standardized assessments, clinical observations of the client performing a set of tasks and activities, and analysis of the physical or social environment and context in which the client performs the occupations. Occupational therapist utilize skilled observation simultaneously with evaluation of motor and process skills and the effect on the ability of an individual to perform complex or instrumental and personal <a href="/wiki/Activities_of_daily_living" title="Activities of daily living">activities of daily living</a> (ADLs). Occupational therapists are trained in the administration of standardized assessments across the lifespan from <a href="/wiki/Infancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Infancy">infancy</a> to old age, although some standardized assessments require an occupational therapist to gain additional certifications to administer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Examples of the types of assessments or skill areas occupational therapy practitioners assess include:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_processing" title="Sensory processing">Sensory processing</a> skills</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Visual perception</a> and visual motor skills</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_motor_skills" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross motor skills">gross motor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fine_motor_skills" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine motor skills">fine motor skills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handwriting" title="Handwriting">Handwriting</a></li> <li>Upper Limb Hand <a href="/wiki/Dexterity" class="mw-redirect" title="Dexterity">dexterity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognition" title="Cognition">Cognition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">intelligence</a></li> <li>School-based evaluations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_milestone" class="mw-redirect" title="Developmental milestone">Developmental milestones</a></li> <li>Daily living tasks include dressing and eating</li> <li>Pain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_functioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive functioning">Executive functioning</a></li> <li>Environmental assessments</li> <li>Employment-based assessments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergonomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ergonomic">Ergonomic</a> assessments</li></ul> <p>Through the initial evaluation process, occupational therapists work with the client to establish an individualized treatment plan. Data is collected and recorded throughout the treatment process to be utilized to assess progress and guide ongoing client-centered intervention. This data is also frequently utilized for reimbursement of services. At the conclusion of therapy services, an occupational therapist will complete an outcome assessment which may include a re-evaluation.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Assessment may also be more broad such as assessing the accessibility of public spaces for all individuals. Occupational therapists can provide recommendations for building design to allow for access for all. Occupational therapists are also skilled at completing home safety assessments and altering the environment or providing accommodations for ways to complete occupations in the home and for increased safety of clients and caregivers. Occupational therapists can also complete driving assessments to determine the required accommodations in the car or the ability of an individual to safely drive. Furthermore, occupational therapists can work with whole organizations to assess their workspaces to ensure that the work demands and physical set up are conducive to safe working habits to prevent workplace injuries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hand_therapy">Hand therapy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Hand therapy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occupational therapy also plays a major role in the rehabilitation and recovery of patients who have hand injuries, as well as upper and lower extremity injuries. Occupational therapists play a significant role in collaborating with Hand/<a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_surgery" title="Orthopedic surgery">Orthopedic Surgeons</a>, a patient's employers and/or case managers in providing the best client-centered rehabilitation program. Occupational therapists treat conditions ranging from soft tissue injuries such as <a href="/wiki/Tennis_elbow" title="Tennis elbow">tennis elbow</a> to neuropathies such as <a href="/wiki/Carpal_tunnel_syndrome" title="Carpal tunnel syndrome">carpal tunnel syndrome</a>. An Array of Upper Limb assessments are utilized to provide a treatment care plan that is effective and appropriate for each person and their injury. Treatment modalities such as orthosis/splints, soft braces and education are examples of the common treatment tools that an occupational therapist will use during treatment. Hand therapy is a specialized field of occupational therapy and therapists that work in this area are highly skilled and knowledgeable in upper limb anatomy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professional" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied health professional">Allied health professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_life_specialist" title="Child life specialist">Child life specialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine">Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_counselor" title="Mental health counselor">Mental health counselor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonviolent communication">Nonviolent communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_science" title="Occupational science">Occupational science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Occupational therapy in the United Kingdom">Occupational therapy in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatrist" title="Psychiatrist">Psychiatrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_psychology" title="Rehabilitation psychology">Rehabilitation psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychotherapist" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychotherapist">Psychotherapist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_therapist" class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational therapist">Recreational therapist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_worker" class="mw-redirect" title="Social worker">Social worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech%E2%80%93language_pathology" title="Speech–language pathology">Speech–language pathology</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-process-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-process_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (3rd Edition)". <i>American Journal of Occupational Therapy</i>. <b>68</b>: S1–S48. 2017. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5014%2Fajot.2014.682006">10.5014/ajot.2014.682006</a>.</cite><span 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American Occupational Therapy Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qualifications+of+an+Occupational+Therapist&rft.pub=American+Occupational+Therapy+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aota.org%2FEducation-Careers%2FAdvance-Career%2FQualifications.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccupational+therapist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcot.org">"National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1994). Policy 5.3.1: Definition of occupational therapy practice for state regulation. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 48(11), 1072–1073.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapparoRanka1997a" class="citation web cs1">Chapparo C, Ranka J (1997a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.occupationalperformance.com/index.php/au/home/definitions">"Occupational Performance Model (Australia): Definition of terms"</a>. pp. 58–60<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Occupational+Performance+Model+%28Australia%29%3A+Definition+of+terms&rft.pages=58-60&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Chapparo&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Ranka%2C+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.occupationalperformance.com%2Findex.php%2Fau%2Fhome%2Fdefinitions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccupational+therapist" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapparoRanka1997b" class="citation web cs1">Chapparo C, Ranka J (1997b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.occupationalperformance.com/index.php/au/home/practice_guide">"Using the OPM(A) to guide practice and research"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Using+the+OPM%28A%29+to+guide+practice+and+research&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Chapparo&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Ranka%2C+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.occupationalperformance.com%2Findex.php%2Fau%2Fhome%2Fpractice_guide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccupational+therapist" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrepeauCohnSchell2003" class="citation book cs1">Crepeau EB, Cohn ES, Schell BA (2003). "Occupational Therapy practice today". In Crepeau EB, Cohn ES, Schell BA (eds.). <i>Willard & Spackman's occupational therapy</i> (10th ed.). Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/Lippincott_Williams_%26_Wilkins" title="Lippincott Williams & Wilkins">Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</a>. pp. 27–30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Occupational+Therapy+practice+today&rft.btitle=Willard+%26+Spackman%27s+occupational+therapy&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=27-30&rft.edition=10th&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Crepeau&rft.aufirst=EB&rft.au=Cohn%2C+ES&rft.au=Schell%2C+BA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccupational+therapist" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossmanNeary2000" class="citation book cs1">Crossman AR, Neary D (2000). <i>Neuroanatomy: an illustrated colour text</i> (2nd ed.). Edinburgh; New York: Churchill Livingstone.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neuroanatomy%3A+an+illustrated+colour+text&rft.place=Edinburgh%3B+New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Churchill+Livingstone&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Crossman&rft.aufirst=AR&rft.au=Neary%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccupational+therapist" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPunwar2000" class="citation book cs1">Punwar AJ (2000). "Defining Occupational Therapy". In Punwar AJ, Peloquin SM (eds.). <i>Occupational therapy : Principles and practice</i> (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 3–6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Defining+Occupational+Therapy&rft.btitle=Occupational+therapy+%3A+Principles+and+practice&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=3-6&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Punwar&rft.aufirst=AJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccupational+therapist" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2003" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz KB (2003). "The history of occupational therapy". In Crepeau EB, Cohn ES, Schell BA (eds.). <i>Willard & Spackman's occupational therapy</i> (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 5–13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+history+of+occupational+therapy&rft.btitle=Willard+%26+Spackman%27s+occupational+therapy&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=5-13&rft.edition=10th&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=KB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccupational+therapist" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Occupational Therapists. Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor,<i>Occupational Outlook Handbook</i>, 2004-05 Edition, Bulletin 2570. Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2004.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrongUnruhWrightBaxter2002" class="citation book cs1">Strong J, Unruh AM, Wright A, Baxter GD (2002). <i>Pain: A textbook for therapists</i>. London: Churchill Livingstone.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pain%3A+A+textbook+for+therapists.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Churchill+Livingstone&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Unruh%2C+AM&rft.au=Wright%2C+A&rft.au=Baxter%2C+GD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccupational+therapist" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aota.org/Education-Careers/Advance-Career/Board-Specialty-Certifications.aspx">"Board and specialty certifications"</a>. <i>American Occupational Therapy Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Occupational+Therapy+Association&rft.atitle=Board+and+specialty+certifications.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aota.org%2FEducation-Careers%2FAdvance-Career%2FBoard-Specialty-Certifications.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccupational+therapist" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhasinBlaauwLynchDunnington2010" class="citation web cs1">Bhasin P, Blaauw G, Lynch M, Dunnington C, Swanton J (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aota.org/~/media/Corporate/Files/AboutAOTA/Centennial/Brand/Toolbox/Discussion/Promote%20the%20Profession.pdf">"Promote all that we do as occupational therapy practitioners to help people live life to its fullest"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Promote+all+that+we+do+as+occupational+therapy+practitioners+to+help+people+live+life+to+its+fullest.&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Bhasin&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Blaauw%2C+G&rft.au=Lynch%2C+M&rft.au=Dunnington%2C+C&rft.au=Swanton%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aota.org%2F~%2Fmedia%2FCorporate%2FFiles%2FAboutAOTA%2FCentennial%2FBrand%2FToolbox%2FDiscussion%2FPromote%2520the%2520Profession.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccupational+therapist" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhasinBlaauwLynchDunnington2010" class="citation web cs1">Bhasin P, Blaauw G, Lynch M, Dunnington C, Swanton J (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aota.org/~/media/Corporate/Files/AboutAOTA/Centennial/Brand/Toolbox/Discussion/Professional%20Commitment%20Worksheet.pdf">"Your role in promoting OT"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Occupational therapist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Occupational+therapist.&rft.atitle=Your+role+in+promoting+OT&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Bhasin&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Blaauw%2C+G&rft.au=Lynch%2C+M&rft.au=Dunnington%2C+C&rft.au=Swanton%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aota.org%2F~%2Fmedia%2FCorporate%2FFiles%2FAboutAOTA%2FCentennial%2FBrand%2FToolbox%2FDiscussion%2FProfessional%2520Commitment%2520Worksheet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccupational+therapist" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Occupational_Therapy_Association2023" class="citation web cs1">American Occupational Therapy Association (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aota.org/-/media/corporate/files/practice/manage/presentation-resources/brochure/what-is-ot-brochure.pdf">"What is occupational therapy?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Occupational Therapy Association</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Occupational+Therapy+Association&rft.atitle=What+is+occupational+therapy%3F&rft.date=2023&rft.au=American+Occupational+Therapy+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aota.org%2F-%2Fmedia%2Fcorporate%2Ffiles%2Fpractice%2Fmanage%2Fpresentation-resources%2Fbrochure%2Fwhat-is-ot-brochure.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccupational+therapist" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24617-occupational-therapist">"Occupational Therapy"</a>. <i>Cleveland Clinic</i>. 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cleveland+Clinic&rft.atitle=Occupational+Therapy&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.clevelandclinic.org%2Fhealth%2Farticles%2F24617-occupational-therapist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccupational+therapist" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_therapist&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/occupational-therapists.htm">Occupational 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aspects_of_occupations" title="Template:Aspects of occupations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aspects_of_occupations" title="Template talk:Aspects of occupations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aspects_of_occupations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aspects of occupations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aspects_of_occupations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aspects of occupations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_apartheid" title="Occupational apartheid">Apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_asthma" title="Occupational asthma">Asthma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_burnout" title="Occupational burnout">Burnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_closure" title="Occupational closure">Closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_crime" title="Occupational crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_disease" title="Occupational disease">Disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_fatality" title="Occupational fatality">Fatality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_hygiene" title="Occupational hygiene">Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_inequality" title="Occupational inequality">Inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_injury" title="Occupational injury">Injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_injustice" title="Occupational injustice">Injustice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_prestige" title="Occupational prestige">Prestige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology" title="Occupational health psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_psychosis" title="Occupational psychosis">Psychosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_rehabilitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational rehabilitation">Rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repetitive_strain_injury" title="Repetitive strain injury">Repetitive strain injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Safety and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_science" title="Occupational science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_stress" title="Occupational stress">Stress</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Therapist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapy" title="Occupational therapy">Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Occupational therapy in the United Kingdom">Therapy in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> See also templates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Aspects_of_corporations" title="Template:Aspects of corporations">Aspects of corporations</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Aspects_of_jobs" title="Template:Aspects of jobs">Aspects of jobs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Aspects_of_organizations" title="Template:Aspects of organizations">Aspects of organizations</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Aspects_of_workplaces" title="Template:Aspects of workplaces">Aspects of workplaces</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Template:Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Employment" title="Template:Employment">Employment</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Occupational_safety_and_health" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Template:Occupational safety and health"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Template talk:Occupational safety and health"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Occupational safety and health"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Occupational_safety_and_health" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occupational_disease" title="Occupational disease">Occupational <br />diseases</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Occupational_injury" title="Occupational injury">injuries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrodynia" title="Acrodynia">Acrodynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbestosis" title="Asbestosis">Asbestosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_asthma" title="Occupational asthma">Asthma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotrauma" title="Barotrauma">Barotrauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berylliosis" title="Berylliosis">Berylliosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brucellosis" title="Brucellosis">Brucellosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_burnout" title="Occupational burnout">Burnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byssinosis" title="Byssinosis">Byssinosis ("brown lung")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_cardiovascular_disease" title="Occupational cardiovascular disease">Cardiovascular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalicosis" title="Chalicosis">Chalicosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_solvent-induced_encephalopathy" title="Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy">Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_stress" title="Chronic stress">Chronic stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_sweeps%27_carcinoma" title="Chimney sweeps' carcinoma">Chimney sweeps' carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalworker%27s_pneumoconiosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalworker's pneumoconiosis">Coalworker's pneumoconiosis ("black lung")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concussions_in_sport" title="Concussions in sport">Concussions in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_sickness" title="Decompression sickness">Decompression sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">De Quervain syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erethism" title="Erethism">Erethism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_hazards_associated_with_exposure_to_human_nail_dust" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational hazards associated with exposure to human nail dust">Exposure to human nail dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%27s_lung" title="Farmer's lung">Farmer's lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddler%27s_neck" title="Fiddler's neck">Fiddler's neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flock_worker%27s_lung" title="Flock worker's lung">Flock worker's lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassblower%27s_cataract" title="Glassblower's cataract">Glassblower's cataract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golfer%27s_elbow" title="Golfer's elbow">Golfer's elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearing_loss" title="Hearing loss">Hearing loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital-acquired_infection" title="Hospital-acquired infection">Hospital-acquired infection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium_lung" title="Indium lung">Indium lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_animal_allergy" title="Laboratory animal allergy">Laboratory animal allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_poisoning#Occupational_exposure" title="Lead poisoning">Lead poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_back_pain" title="Low back pain">Low back pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesothelioma" title="Mesothelioma">Mesothelioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_fume_fever" title="Metal fume fever">Metal fume fever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mule_spinners%27_cancer" title="Mule spinners' cancer">Mule spinners' cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise-induced_hearing_loss" title="Noise-induced hearing loss">Noise-induced hearing loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phossy_jaw" title="Phossy jaw">Phossy jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumoconiosis" title="Pneumoconiosis">Pneumoconiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radium_jaw" title="Radium jaw">Radium jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repetitive_strain_injury" title="Repetitive strain injury">Repetitive strain injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicosis" title="Silicosis">Silicosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silo-filler%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Silo-filler's disease">Silo-filler's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_injury" title="Sports injury">Sports injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfer%27s_ear" title="Surfer's ear">Surfer's ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis_elbow" title="Tennis elbow">Tennis elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">Tinnitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writer%27s_cramp" title="Writer's cramp">Writer's cramp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occupational_hygiene" title="Occupational hygiene">Occupational <br />hygiene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_hazard" title="Occupational hazard">Occupational hazard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_hazard" title="Biological hazard">Biological hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_hazard" title="Chemical hazard">Chemical hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_hazard" title="Physical hazard">Physical hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychosocial_hazard" title="Psychosocial hazard">Psychosocial hazard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_stress" title="Occupational stress">Occupational stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls" title="Hierarchy of hazard controls">Hierarchy of hazard controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_through_design" title="Prevention through design">Prevention through design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_assessment" title="Exposure assessment">Exposure assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_exposure_limit" title="Occupational exposure limit">Occupational exposure limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_epidemiology" title="Occupational epidemiology">Occupational epidemiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_health_surveillance" title="Workplace health surveillance">Workplace health surveillance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_health" title="Environmental health">Environmental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">Industrial engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_nursing" title="Occupational health nursing">Occupational health nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology" title="Occupational health psychology">Occupational health psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Occupational medicine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Occupational therapist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_engineering" title="Safety engineering">Safety engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_occupational_safety_and_health_agencies" title="List of occupational safety and health agencies">Agencies</a> and <br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Agency_for_Safety_and_Health_at_Work" title="European Agency for Safety and Health at Work">European Agency for Safety and Health at Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Centre_for_Occupational_Health_and_Safety" title="Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety">Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_nazionale_per_l%27assicurazione_contro_gli_infortuni_sul_lavoro" title="Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro">Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Safety_and_Health_at_Work" title="National Institute for Safety and Health at Work">National Institute for Safety and Health at Work</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Safety_Executive" title="Health and Safety Executive">Health and Safety Executive</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (US)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accord_on_Fire_and_Building_Safety_in_Bangladesh" title="Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh">Bangladesh Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">ISO 45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Convention,_1981" title="Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981">Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_Protection_Standard" title="Worker Protection Standard">Worker Protection Standard</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Environment_(Air_Pollution,_Noise_and_Vibration)_Convention,_1977" title="Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977">Working Environment Convention, 1977</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checklist" title="Checklist">Checklist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_practice" title="Code of practice">Code of practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingency_plan" title="Contingency plan">Contingency plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_safety" title="Diving safety">Diving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_procedure" title="Emergency procedure">Emergency procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_evacuation" title="Emergency evacuation">Emergency evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard" title="Hazard">Hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls" title="Hierarchy of hazard controls">Hierarchy of hazard controls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_elimination" title="Hazard elimination">Hazard elimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_controls" title="Administrative controls">Administrative controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_controls" title="Engineering controls">Engineering controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_substitution" title="Hazard substitution">Hazard substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective equipment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_safety_analysis" title="Job safety analysis">Job safety analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockout-tagout" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockout-tagout">Lockout-tagout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permit_To_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="Permit To Work">Permit To Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_manual" title="Operations manual">Operations manual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redundancy_(engineering)" title="Redundancy (engineering)">Redundancy (engineering)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_assessment" title="Risk assessment">Risk assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_culture" title="Safety culture">Safety culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_operating_procedure" title="Standard operating procedure">Standard operating procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immediately_dangerous_to_life_or_health" title="Immediately dangerous to life or health">Immediately dangerous to life or health</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_regulations" title="Diving regulations">Diving regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Act_(United_States)" title="Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)">Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potty_parity" title="Potty parity">Potty parity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Potty_parity_in_the_United_States" title="Potty parity in the United States">United States</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sit" title="Right to sit">Right to sit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Right_to_sit_in_the_United_States" title="Right to sit in the United States">United States</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_right_to_access_the_toilet" title="Workers' right to access the toilet">Workers' right to access the toilet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">Aerosol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_(work)" title="Break (work)">Break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_room" title="Break room">Break room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_overtime" title="Effects of overtime">Effects of overtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment,_health_and_safety" title="Environment, health and safety">Environment, health and safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_toxicology" title="Environmental toxicology">Environmental toxicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Fighter_Fatality_Investigation_and_Prevention_Program" title="Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program">Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawks_Nest_Tunnel_disaster" title="Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster">Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_physics" title="Health physics">Health physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostile_work_environment" title="Hostile work environment">Hostile work environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_air_quality" title="Indoor air quality">Indoor air quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Safety_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="International Chemical Safety Card">International Chemical Safety Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_strain" title="Job strain">Job strain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Mourning_(Canadian_observance)" title="National Day of Mourning (Canadian observance)">National Day of Mourning (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIOSH_air_filtration_rating" title="NIOSH air filtration rating">NIOSH air filtration rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwork" title="Overwork">Overwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_safety" title="Process safety">Process safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_of_working_life" title="Quality of working life">Quality of working life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_control_(respiratory_disease)" title="Source control (respiratory disease)">Source control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_tort" title="Toxic tort">Toxic tort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_workplace" title="Toxic workplace">Toxic workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_compensation" title="Workers' compensation">Workers' compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_health_promotion" title="Workplace health promotion">Workplace health promotion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Category:Occupational safety and health">Category</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Occupational_diseases" title="Category:Occupational diseases">Occupational diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Occupational_safety_and_health_journals" title="Category:Occupational safety and health journals">Journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Occupational_safety_and_health_organizations" title="Category:Occupational safety and health organizations">Organizations</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Occupational_safety_and_health" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Occupational safety and health">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631193#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ergotherapeut"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4676105-6">Germany</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ergotherapeutin"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7656357-1">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85093849">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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