CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135105a0d576034',cH: '2mlSbw5Hj4URCO2h_8isrRcr4GoLubCZYnDi3e0Tnlo-1739787826-1.2.1.1-tLRBPVenm7QMKMwmH_qInH2dzLXv_LOuy0BLclev.4mB.nRqB5QoSgIIxS5E1osS',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Zaima%20Ahmed&__cf_chl_tk=skMktXMkSTf8C8fifNOqlo_6gxOaovcSftd6T3W6t5c-1739787826-1.0.1.1-rCiQenXdAUh.hfeLQP9z.TF_jiofDYtUUszGeFseQ6c",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787826',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Zaima%20Ahmed&__cf_chl_f_tk=skMktXMkSTf8C8fifNOqlo_6gxOaovcSftd6T3W6t5c-1739787826-1.0.1.1-rCiQenXdAUh.hfeLQP9z.TF_jiofDYtUUszGeFseQ6c",md: "Ip8xipbnNHvOHnRdfNVZ2s0xSt.JCmvQ4sJ2mgknOKo-1739787826-1.2.1.1-T34lLIiJkBxhrcwrduR15Eic0W7qzu4hIIcW6Sv0z4Z35a6pX5wV9avyXw8oQXjGvNMbCcx6SWpg5qtUVHs3dumPNdzaFqBvgfrimWwKB50qnTOyZf.dXI8phGAlNz8eZXT19jByjdHvlT1.jiwRZYZcO6ANt_p4gpTYK134YmNeODoR1k8PLKcD7PYXhCzt0NzsFxtC27Kp512tLa61YVk9LHaZHN9pKLoENj8zmXKnPn7iBj7RwYJz6Xt7y7H9jCH0suuQP1zEbrFZHK.JI_XccBDsdz_PUL.mDHMWlg7sYBT78nia6bqhh2UlwBDkQOtyfc5.Zow9EBGCqn6bMnoB0HSNc9K9ssNM8_kp8QmTY3hdEwxf3dLmrM_cfsWUELmhdwuy3vw7Vx87dCgArmGn9gUEnINSftFamEFScg1D.Y7U0uh6XB3Ge0S8rIiY0kCUcxlypj2ZTb5U84HPMJ217hJ2x2BkqASOT6uGQqZH9AGqOKvNKCCVVDwN_wQMZccWvW6chNfr_nH3PWxg4Ps2pJWqKusoxaYXsROvaxt2AvNCjZaqO8tq1JSNB5uxonNb3XUfSv3mDeKJH0p.jNd61lUy3TxfLH2PonIKUVwsqvRT6.VJ8H_zTx86unIhglrToDBBWmxLn4a.NQO.i6ySVyZKh_H_wtk4f4nnuEGyRlc5_aQ.7q_6mtIarskFzCnr6I3wMqzbA4nFUsd8hBjC9Gg4L5sn0eUuVfV_kLfsKuf3H_ZguIAjcxUkWh58pVE0BeujWv93ue4pFDX2.KAYLtLHMobkpggtinZXFDFAMjQhtg59vWlpQX8m9_Gu_zc7ip13dLW.TLSUNkF60nylsKFYBCzINuGOJT6asYv5fzxcuQAxXIE9JqQsmxFdsNjioy6opG5PWvxodPq0aVzrLKxEqf4wq19eiq14KHhGz0zIrfQN3UltgnpqqrZHOoY8ydng4kWmCoiMGhMDHPECabrg_3IYrVCKZoEtgNgPKNTOHr.BprWsT3lkUY6WjJza_bBzhm2XUxHmS9lVANVzVZtRBK6wuDhmFG6E.4US4ZXz6Y7OhdAq1a2l5C8kymHaBeFyavWlSWQ5kGkaf9WBPJVf__hjOuEjUZbirrAtIKjOhGp3h5aHtyRJoVeFlvZeG4wDc1GeRXkZVFMhgxzx0q7TPaLsKcQcSm0Q9817x1Hmt5kDFANaPkdhh455DXvSKnibegJr.DrJkqlMu.Xjt6bCEjbIAUzNytsYZhanIUysVeLYVJsKCYU5En.EPFq6pa3Tb2kbvOvLiXaC4eEtRvfIUA0.IeTLstllm6L_cGIXY4Wac.D2IysfpYWrjb.FNzouiLkg6qhX0sL6f6_xXFuFHEpXBi6upjfpdI7y.SiStB45.rMBC2vqMfv0iMBvisot0.iXr0BUCr5KXUKHxwc1fkgJq8e.7hZxXNTvCOZtKYsSIkAz0xfwffgtE201RUPYfboe95jxxDrzevffpZPZYpxGOYXkoCONkFmJbLLXZkgGD_QaGseLVlSagmZufye6uH2u1s0aqkxe3G.ljuv15hCv3ig_bTfRPI_iBmEwyza0UqxNuosvI83qm_49Ocjpq6h12USkqqTcnKcO1v78lfJJRY8vnJGfzMsiBGl3lBvSCzdu9mLIVp2Gfbs63H3eyxguChFrUoyIvzehRiIXVERm0Q4PL3I88lthE59AzVAiHbbFIb6XmnXLWquPq._Xr_onI7DOxCy9iKniO.BiN4zmYH1o91mB8lphClsDMAk6VQUOqm70QcOOutJOgiOOsvBGMBgwxiScpapBGA5euz113a0FR57MrRI33jYKIx1MAYXnWWlML41AHL9nKMe4t9fTEbgmeSEqLvSDQl7WF_9EUruVt0n43r0mAPBG1LeEVdqSvtqkqoIT.6wAaojl7eSby2XleZJMalX3b6MDQfpkSuHe5tRB8DQ",mdrd: "tz0fInM4h0pn4gk1GCtrlaGn0M3MVYV_HBf9VKwdTiE-1739787826-1.2.1.1-SQKRlduDS2GMTcktHKNsw8ZB10ECpwKtOGhK5aKIxCj4yJ4wffJq9O_v7Qm97ln3xeo5y6.d3gXObCrFSLMhkzrG1TI5uW1_NDdc_WAZrmffJ9W9crKA5NbX7hoFOuqDaN.5yDEoV_Jt9v93IQp3o0wXEv6WdRdqRh_9QqQRzICzI9B_cQy.kEY.BvbJ0cdOrmdUjAMLV9.ir92GAAjVih65gAJEG_WsNBmv4JA2g2v4JwoI7_j4glv_IjhOuVeG2XZ9tKDONSfkrU0wRsFSUhF442ma27QGe5fdbCOiUl0BRspsC6yeD7I6VqfunckPJPwxc5lC88cD650hcXTWnr1KDqHSd906NBGVGmzIENllSDJGFTrHTI9E73OZ6m2xGF7GyFoiMADSOoum2XhI4STGZ47wSLozdk.WsjxMw4HG7FS7WwsZG_bD.d7I9LoZHNhOUxFwU_osztoiNyOF9_.rKoY3DPPIKVdJsE8h.KXlArWfGGJiJ7z3QTkKifPyeuqYr.Aqym3tm2Rr4_LdqVkdHqG0MR67lpwAYcG5ckxIO6J32J4t.H0InIjTECQHzxMWCALcDacQVoDIi4tHcOL8XdE4WHPeu1a6_xxxUBnD87VPLPpxhsfuOpjmTFthfb8JLhOZXv7O0S9LIetxqZ7d742O2SBH05rKi7kRGJ_86GQgG43J.Ty8g3yKVFJOUjCadTWN7RzU4G3f6voEkFAYAoSTzlqYJ2QNYnIoQc4YE3azgsEW5goh1tNPairohHNF3x1AwzEQrgDmC.HPjWLcMvlT1iBzuYLXZZUwbtlCHE4xEGP5KbdjIj3B1xiP2eBguciKCD6jkwoaaoDbCmwIZ3k8PIXbrNZVC4zi4OjH.QzRgSlf774M0p_av9T.Hq8rbYAf8IWW83n7yyaEWH2W4hOXd_95XrtIdvGVl7AmIqkYeqojKtn2_IQJppQZ_yhKbQVeoeqUuMf1TizXldHprFfIO8NH7HkSjR6fXbIWO9RCV3uZcszZfsc0af7qSllbWwcYtqE5c0Vy5YGcW_hCZLY8DWwItrSEKzOsHq39tsMO0duhPAIVk8ymI8OBn9F2IBoTtaFCFuoKmIVqwcCnknmTUuSIkqRjupLeXpS3rIe0_X.5MWBITCNo3KdFIaPO9y3zVLuU_dBKdTOYXBmnhzm0FMay1905TLrAq_Rxs7y5qD12p5QBL7iu_9s9aoFPAGkGowCjebSFackJEbozV4okjQOaCFvVumdkEaVJIJNDOvuhJt5Y0wGgoDZjfjL0CJLZcJrJvWWeKs3Ho1Xu9zfrjC.My5qmFJhH3JuLOJIocCeC8g8crPK0V95zldKQtAFSjKPxOAApXtCNmfZt65mY1uP5U8hZRkndS6vh9rPQHqUlISzjI4MEMdk.umJbZ3WQRFmE6y4Hrv.zF6WYjUOLZkgBAKIwyI17ojNgKylTNxZNQUZj2yTp4chiugBBFvnhMs.tI3epEfOcPg994OZqLfXumgtCiUdHFN1Nq9WpRtgdRjS7UtTVu953pAh2ZZtZXLAk8afugZAER6S_x8vxou..N7Jihc3nB_hpdoUDe0NNIXYPzgDuDSb8LcjkfOwYeddWrM8_7tHkEom8_MQI_nVa_b2U6q9VPYM5dVb.NkassLXXbN2fmPibq4Q7E2M_KbhA59CRZVHen1AhAZEZCsll.WPXJEUncr1FdYGDXck67381LIS2pVSzMRgVb7EUN7NkdwlZtbJ_4_bhpACRNptSSg9aDOKPRaJ_XdLpGocmlVRRrcVl4GtxjLSv47AmccO_SNZOC2KgZGJ2lz0bSJLinBdePw_ZIVHArOOe6GLp3.ia161oFJh5IXCnMIn8fG1wTSkmVUbTw2NEjHS5GL79qwfbaYHujnGit5BsPEqgqQwuKX6FlGB9olliaoO.1aPhmoy7QtdcUBRlB0zvsOBlIIqBH5porY3Xl_xJ4NAScXMRA.9jNvsD"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135105a0d576034';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Zaima%20Ahmed&__cf_chl_rt_tk=skMktXMkSTf8C8fifNOqlo_6gxOaovcSftd6T3W6t5c-1739787826-1.0.1.1-rCiQenXdAUh.hfeLQP9z.TF_jiofDYtUUszGeFseQ6c" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>