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[{"id":85699482,"identifier":"Attachment_85699482","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":78771945,"created_at":"2022-05-08T11:23:59.970-07:00","from_world_paper_id":204733451,"updated_at":"2025-01-12T01:22:00.984-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","ai_abstract":"Chitosan microspheres (CMS) have gained attention as effective vehicles for drug delivery due to their biocompatibility and bioadhesiveness, which enhance drug availability in the intestine and colon. The study investigates the properties of CMS, such as microsphere size and crosslinking density, to control drug release profiles, particularly focusing on their potential for colon-specific drug delivery. Results indicate that the release rate varies with drug acidity and microsphere characteristics, suggesting their promising application in targeted colon therapies.","publication_date":"2008,,","publication_name":"Macromolecular Bioscience"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Uniform Chitosan Microspheres for Potential Application to Colon-Specific Drug Delivery","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [49655244]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":85699482,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Uniform Chitosan Microspheres for Potential Application to Colon-Specific Drug Delivery”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/85699482/mini_magick20220528-3812-1qlnqa6.png?1653802701" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Uniform Chitosan Microspheres for Potential Application to Colon-Specific Drug Delivery</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49655244" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HyungsooChoi"><img alt="Profile image of Hyungsoo Choi" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Hyungsoo Choi</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2008, Macromolecular Bioscience</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">9 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 78771945; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=78771945"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Chitosan microspheres (CMS) have gained attention as effective vehicles for drug delivery due to their biocompatibility and bioadhesiveness, which enhance drug availability in the intestine and colon. The study investigates the properties of CMS, such as microsphere size and crosslinking density, to control drug release profiles, particularly focusing on their potential for colon-specific drug delivery. Results indicate that the release rate varies with drug acidity and microsphere characteristics, suggesting their promising application in targeted colon therapies.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":85699482,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/78771945/Uniform_Chitosan_Microspheres_for_Potential_Application_to_Colon_Specific_Drug_Delivery"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":85699482,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/78771945/Uniform_Chitosan_Microspheres_for_Potential_Application_to_Colon_Specific_Drug_Delivery"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Constrained axial or radial swelling of pure CSA and EC/CSA tablets in 0.1 N HCl (stage I), Tris-HCl, pH 6.8 (stage II), and acetate buffer, pH 5.0 (stage III), was investigated. Factors affecting in vitro drug release, i.e., % weight ratios of coating polymers, dip speeds of dissolution apparatus or pH of medium or colonic enzyme (b-glucosidase) in stage III, and use of a super disintegrant in core tablets, were evaluated. Swollen CSA gel dissolved at lower pH and became less soluble at higher pH. The mechanism of swelling was Fickian diffusion fitting well into both Higuchi's and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. EC:CSA, at 87.5:12.5% weight ratio, provided lag time rendering the tablets to reach stage III (simulated colonic fluid of patients), and the drug was released over 90% within 12 h. The system was a dual time-and pH-control due to the insolubility of EC suppressing water diffusion and the swelling of CSA in the stages I and II. The erosion of CSA gel in the stage III induced the disintegration of the coat resulting in rapid drug release. The lower dip speed and higher pH medium delayed the drug release, while a super disintegrant in the cores enhanced the drug release and no enzyme effect was observed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Use of spray-dried chitosan acetate and ethylcellulose as compression coats for colonic drug delivery: Effect of swelling on triggering in vitro drug release","attachmentId":65958270,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45448998/Use_of_spray_dried_chitosan_acetate_and_ethylcellulose_as_compression_coats_for_colonic_drug_delivery_Effect_of_swelling_on_triggering_in_vitro_drug_release","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45448998/Use_of_spray_dried_chitosan_acetate_and_ethylcellulose_as_compression_coats_for_colonic_drug_delivery_Effect_of_swelling_on_triggering_in_vitro_drug_release"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="22377586" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22377586/Preparation_and_in_vitro_evaluation_of_chitosan_matrices_for_colonic_controlled_drug_delivery">Preparation and in vitro evaluation of chitosan matrices for colonic controlled drug delivery</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43831407" href="https://pisa.academia.edu/YleniaZambito">Ylenia Zambito</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Société canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The work was aimed at studying in vitro the release of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) or diclofenac sodium (DS) from matrices based on chitosan (Ch) or Ch hydrochloride (Ch-HCl), destined to be introduced into enteric-coated capsules for controlled release to the colon. Matrices (diameter, 6 mm; weight, 50 mg) were prepared by compression of Ch or Ch-HCl microparticles mixed with 20 % 5-ASA or DS powder. Drug release from matrices to isotonic neutral buffers of different molarity was studied in vitro. In some cases, matrix incubation in rat cecal contents preceded the release test. The matrices, especially the Ch-HCl-based ones, swelled in the dissolution medium without disintegrating. Drug release was diffusion-controlled and followed square-root-time kinetics. Release depended on the pH-dependent aqueous solubility of the drug. The internal pH of the swollen Ch-HCl-based matrix was acidic, so 5-ASA solubility and release were influenced by penetration of salts from the external buf...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Preparation and in vitro evaluation of chitosan matrices for colonic controlled drug delivery","attachmentId":43006000,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22377586/Preparation_and_in_vitro_evaluation_of_chitosan_matrices_for_colonic_controlled_drug_delivery","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22377586/Preparation_and_in_vitro_evaluation_of_chitosan_matrices_for_colonic_controlled_drug_delivery"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="31161139" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31161139/In_vitro_evaluation_of_spray_dried_chitosan_microspheres_crosslinked_with_pyromellitic_dianhydride_for_oral_colon_specific_delivery_of_protein_drugs">In vitro evaluation of spray-dried chitosan microspheres crosslinked with pyromellitic dianhydride for oral colon-specific delivery of protein drugs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="124203" href="https://shams.academia.edu/NadiaKandile">Nadia Kandile</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Chitosan microspheres have been prepared using a spray-drying method, and crosslinked with pyromellitic dianhydride. The chemical structure of the modified chitosan was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and solid state 13C NMR analysis. The particle size and morphology of the crosslinked chitosan were investigated. These microspheres were evaluated for colon-specific delivery of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein drug. The results indicate that the drug was released as follows: 37.1 6 2.8% after 2 h in SGF, 73.1 6 4.8% after 8 h (2 h in SGF1 6 h in SIF), and 80.9 6 4.1% after 12 h in SCF. The effect of b-glucosidase on the drug release was also examined. The encapsulation efficiency was decreased from 88.4 6 3.1% to 62.8 6 2.9%, with increasing BSA concentration. Loading capacity was significantly increased from 6.3 6 0.3% to 41.8 6 4.1% by increasing the initial BSA concentration.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"In vitro evaluation of spray-dried chitosan microspheres crosslinked with pyromellitic dianhydride for oral colon-specific delivery of protein drugs","attachmentId":51592728,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31161139/In_vitro_evaluation_of_spray_dried_chitosan_microspheres_crosslinked_with_pyromellitic_dianhydride_for_oral_colon_specific_delivery_of_protein_drugs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31161139/In_vitro_evaluation_of_spray_dried_chitosan_microspheres_crosslinked_with_pyromellitic_dianhydride_for_oral_colon_specific_delivery_of_protein_drugs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="24915323" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24915323/Biopharmaceutical_Evaluation_of_Microcrystalline_Chitosan_as_Release_Rate_Controlling_Hydrophilic_Polymer_in_Granules_for_Gastro_Retentive_Drug_Delivery">Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of Microcrystalline Chitosan as Release-Rate-Controlling Hydrophilic Polymer in Granules for Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48028703" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DannylRudy">Dannyl Rudy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Chitosan, a polymer derived from crustacean chitin, has a number of properties that make it potentially valuable as a pharmaceutical excipient. In the studies described, microcrystalline chitosan (MCCh), a highly crystalline grade of chitosan base, was evaluated for the first time as an excipient. The first objective was to determine its properties in vitro as a gel-forming and drug release rate controlling excipient in granules, and as a mucoadhesive polymer. The properties of MCCh were compared with those of conventional chitosan, which is predominantly amorphous. Attention was also given to the effects of the molecular weight (M w ) and degree of deacetylation (DD) of MCCh on its properties. The ultimate objective was to evaluate, in studies on human volunteers, whether MCCh granules could be useful as slow-release systems for gastro-retentive drug delivery.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of Microcrystalline Chitosan as Release-Rate-Controlling Hydrophilic Polymer in Granules for Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery","attachmentId":45243442,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24915323/Biopharmaceutical_Evaluation_of_Microcrystalline_Chitosan_as_Release_Rate_Controlling_Hydrophilic_Polymer_in_Granules_for_Gastro_Retentive_Drug_Delivery","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24915323/Biopharmaceutical_Evaluation_of_Microcrystalline_Chitosan_as_Release_Rate_Controlling_Hydrophilic_Polymer_in_Granules_for_Gastro_Retentive_Drug_Delivery"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="22336889" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22336889/Cross_linked_Chitosan_Microspheres_Preparation_and_Evaluation_as_a_Matrix_for_Controlled_Release_of_Pharmaceuticals">Cross-linked Chitosan Microspheres: Preparation and Evaluation as a Matrix for Controlled Release of Pharmaceuticals</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="18965057" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JayakrishnanA3">Jayakrishnan A</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">xhitosan microspheres having good spherical geometry and a smooth surface were prepared by the glutaraldehyde cross-linking of an aqueous acetic acid dispersion of chitosan in paraffin oil using dioctyl sulphosuccinate as the stabilizing agent. Microspheres having different degrees of swelling were made by varying the cross-linking density. Microspheres were prepared by incorporating theophylline, aspirin or griseofulvin. Drug incorporation efficiencies exceeding 80% could be achieved for these drugs. In-vitro release studies of these drugs were carried out in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids at 37°C. It was observed that the drug release rates were influenced by the cross-linking density, particle size and initial drug loading in the microspheres.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cross-linked Chitosan Microspheres: Preparation and Evaluation as a Matrix for Controlled Release of Pharmaceuticals","attachmentId":42970510,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22336889/Cross_linked_Chitosan_Microspheres_Preparation_and_Evaluation_as_a_Matrix_for_Controlled_Release_of_Pharmaceuticals","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22336889/Cross_linked_Chitosan_Microspheres_Preparation_and_Evaluation_as_a_Matrix_for_Controlled_Release_of_Pharmaceuticals"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="45449006" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45449006/Factors_Affecting_Preparations_of_Chitosan_Microcapsules_for_Colonic_Drug_Delivery">Factors Affecting Preparations of Chitosan Microcapsules for Colonic Drug Delivery</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="115792551" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KampanartHuanbutta">Kampanart Huanbutta</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This work aimed at studying factors affecting preparations of chitosan microcapsules for colonic drug delivery. Chitosan microcores (CS, 45kDa, 87% degree of deacetylation) containing diclofenac sodium (DS) coated with Eudragit®S100 (ED) were prepared by a desolvation technique. Sodium sulfate was used as a desolvating agent and the drying process was freeze-drying. Factors affecting morphology, particle size and zeta potential of microcapsules were evaluated, i.e. weight ratio of DS:CS:ED, surfactant (polysorbate 80), anti-adherent (silicon dioxide), and the use of sonication or homogenization in preparation processes. The weight ratio of DS:CS:ED at 1:2:6 provided the smallest microcapsules of about 82.37±1.61 micrometer in diameter and they were in aggregated forms. Zeta potential of the microcapsules was around -25.74 +4.78 mV which indicated that the core particles of CS and DS with zeta potential of 42.14±1.74 mV were encapsulated by ED. Increasing the amount of CS and ED, the...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Factors Affecting Preparations of Chitosan Microcapsules for Colonic Drug Delivery","attachmentId":65958246,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45449006/Factors_Affecting_Preparations_of_Chitosan_Microcapsules_for_Colonic_Drug_Delivery","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45449006/Factors_Affecting_Preparations_of_Chitosan_Microcapsules_for_Colonic_Drug_Delivery"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="45448999" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45448999/Development_of_time_pH_and_enzyme_controlled_colonic_drug_delivery_using_spray_dried_chitosan_acetate_and_hydroxypropyl_methylcellulose">Development of time-, pH-, and enzyme-controlled colonic drug delivery using spray-dried chitosan acetate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="115792551" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KampanartHuanbutta">Kampanart Huanbutta</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A colonic drug delivery with a new concept based on a combination of time-, pH-, and enzyme-controlled system was developed. Spray-dried chitosan acetate (CSA) prepared from low molecular weight chitosan was characterized. A combination of CSA and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was used as new compression-coats for 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) tablets. Factors affecting in-vitro drug release, i.e. % weight ratio of coating polymers, enzyme activity, pH of media, and excipients in core tablets, were evaluated. The tablets compression-coated with HPMC:CSA at 60:40 and 50:50% weight ratio providing lag times about 5-6 h were able to pass through the stomach (stage I, 0.1 N HCl) and small intestine (stage II, pH 6.8, Tris-HCl). The delayed release was time-and pH-controlled owing to the swelling with gradual dissolving of CSA and HPMC in 0.1 N HCl and the less solubility of CSA at higher pH. After reaching the colon (stage III, pH 5.0, acetate buffer), the dissolution of CSA at low pH triggered the drug release over 90% within 14 h. Furthermore, the degradation of CSA by b-glucosidase in the colonic fluid enhanced the drug release while adding the disintegrant or the osmotic agent in the core tablets would affect the drug release.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Development of time-, pH-, and enzyme-controlled colonic drug delivery using spray-dried chitosan acetate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose","attachmentId":65958271,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45448999/Development_of_time_pH_and_enzyme_controlled_colonic_drug_delivery_using_spray_dried_chitosan_acetate_and_hydroxypropyl_methylcellulose","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45448999/Development_of_time_pH_and_enzyme_controlled_colonic_drug_delivery_using_spray_dried_chitosan_acetate_and_hydroxypropyl_methylcellulose"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="123756355" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123756355/Chitosan_as_floating_mucoadhesive_polymers_in_gastroretentive_drug_delivery">Chitosan as floating-mucoadhesive polymers in gastroretentive drug delivery</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="172384683" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VidiyaListiyaniSaputri">Vidiya Listiyani Saputri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Oral drug delivery is limited by incomplete absorption in the digestive tract. The absorption of oral drugs in the stomach is affected by several factors, including gastric residence time, which causes the drug to be unable to be retained in the stomach for a long time, causing suboptimal drug absorption. One of the drug delivery systems that can prolong contact duration within the stomach is gastroretentive drug delivery system (GRDDS). GRDDS has various advantages, notably in improving the bioavailability of drugs. Several systems are involved in the GRDDS, including the floating and mucoadhesive systems. The floating system makes the drug float so it can be retained longer in the stomach. There are two mechanisms in the floating system: the effervescent and non-effervescent mechanisms. The mucoadhesive system works by adhering to the mucus or epithelial cells of the stomach. The mechanisms of mucoadhesive systems involves two stages: the contact and consolidation stages. The combination of the floating and mucoadhesive systems is aimed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a preparation for prolonged retention in the stomach. The choice of polymer is one of the crucial factors affecting this system. Chitosan is a natural polymer that has been evaluated for its potential in a gastroretentive floating beads delivery system. It has various advantageous properties, such as nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chitosan as floating-mucoadhesive polymers in gastroretentive drug delivery","attachmentId":118114340,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123756355/Chitosan_as_floating_mucoadhesive_polymers_in_gastroretentive_drug_delivery","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123756355/Chitosan_as_floating_mucoadhesive_polymers_in_gastroretentive_drug_delivery"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="14213438" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14213438/In_vitro_drug_permeation_from_chitosan_pellets">In vitro drug permeation from chitosan pellets</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33199230" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RaulEvangelista">Raul Evangelista</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Carbohydrate Polymers, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize coated pellets for controlled drug delivery. The influence of chitosan (CS) in pellets was evaluated by swelling, in vitro drug release and intestinal permeation assays. Pellets were coated with an enteric polymer, Kollicoat ® MAE 30 DP, in a fluidized-bed apparatus and the coating formulations were based on a factorial design. Metronidazole (MT) released from coated and uncoated pellets were assessed by dissolution method using Apparatus I. Intestinal permeation was evaluated by everted intestinal sac model in rats, used to study the absorption of MT from coated pellets containing CS or not through the intestinal tissue. Although the film coating avoided drug dissolution in gastric medium, the overall drug release and intestinal permeation were dependent on the presence of CS. Thus, pellets containing CS show potential as a system for controlled drug delivery.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"In vitro drug permeation from chitosan pellets","attachmentId":44459101,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14213438/In_vitro_drug_permeation_from_chitosan_pellets","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14213438/In_vitro_drug_permeation_from_chitosan_pellets"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="100010708" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100010708/Chitosan_microparticle_preparation_for_controlled_drug_release_by_response_surface_methodology">Chitosan microparticle preparation for controlled drug release by response surface methodology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="265295034" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YSPARK9">YS PARK</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Microencapsulation, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The objectives were to investigate the effects of formulation variables on the release of drug and to optimize the formulation of chitosan microparticles loaded with drug for controlled release using response surface methodology. Chitosan microparticles were prepared by dropping a chitosan solution into sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) through ionic cross-linking. The release behaviour of felodipine as a model drug was affected by preparation variables. A central composite design was used to evaluate and optimize the effect of preparation variables, chitosan concentration (X 1), the pH of the TPP solution (X 2) and cross-linking time (X 3) on the cumulative per cent drug release (Y) in 24 h. Chitosan concentration and cross-linking time affected negatively the release of felodipine, while the pH of the TPP did so positively and was the highest influential factor. The optimum rate of drug release, 100% in 24 h, was achieved at 1.8% chitosan concentration, a pH 8.7 for the TPP solution and 9.7 min cross-linking time.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chitosan microparticle preparation for controlled drug release by response surface methodology","attachmentId":100948879,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100010708/Chitosan_microparticle_preparation_for_controlled_drug_release_by_response_surface_methodology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100010708/Chitosan_microparticle_preparation_for_controlled_drug_release_by_response_surface_methodology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":85699482,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":85699482,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_85699482" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="113432351" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/113432351/Highlighting_the_impact_of_chitosan_on_the_development_of_gastroretentive_drug_delivery_systems">Highlighting the impact of chitosan on the development of gastroretentive drug delivery systems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="289165651" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TaisdeCassiaRibeiro">Tais de Cassia Ribeiro</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Highlighting the impact of chitosan on the development of gastroretentive drug delivery systems","attachmentId":110392412,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113432351/Highlighting_the_impact_of_chitosan_on_the_development_of_gastroretentive_drug_delivery_systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/113432351/Highlighting_the_impact_of_chitosan_on_the_development_of_gastroretentive_drug_delivery_systems"><span 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Kotla</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15883775" href="https://ncbs.academia.edu/OmprakashSunnapu">Omprakash Sunnapu</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A novel dissolution media for testing drug release from a nanostructured polysaccharide-based colon specific drug delivery system: an approach to alternative colon media","attachmentId":44518603,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24184324/A_novel_dissolution_media_for_testing_drug_release_from_a_nanostructured_polysaccharide_based_colon_specific_drug_delivery_system_an_approach_to_alternative_colon_media","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24184324/A_novel_dissolution_media_for_testing_drug_release_from_a_nanostructured_polysaccharide_based_colon_specific_drug_delivery_system_an_approach_to_alternative_colon_media"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="4459134" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4459134/Effect_of_chitosan_coating_on_the_swelling_and_controlled_release_of_a_poorly_water_soluble_drug_from_an_amphiphilic_and_pH_sensitive_hydrogel">Effect of chitosan coating on the swelling and controlled release of a poorly water-soluble drug from an amphiphilic and pH-sensitive hydrogel</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5498556" href="https://litislab.academia.edu/VirginieDULONG">Virginie DULONG</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of chitosan coating on the swelling and controlled release of a poorly water-soluble drug from an amphiphilic and pH-sensitive hydrogel","attachmentId":49848807,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4459134/Effect_of_chitosan_coating_on_the_swelling_and_controlled_release_of_a_poorly_water_soluble_drug_from_an_amphiphilic_and_pH_sensitive_hydrogel","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4459134/Effect_of_chitosan_coating_on_the_swelling_and_controlled_release_of_a_poorly_water_soluble_drug_from_an_amphiphilic_and_pH_sensitive_hydrogel"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="4426554" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4426554/Sustained_release_optimized_formulation_of_anastrozole_loaded_chitosan_microspheres_in_vitro_and_in_vivo_evaluation">Sustained release optimized formulation of anastrozole-loaded chitosan microspheres: in vitro and in vivo evaluation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5436993" href="https://manipal.academia.edu/NayanabhiramaUdupa">Nayanabhirama Udupa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sustained release optimized formulation of anastrozole-loaded chitosan microspheres: in vitro and in vivo evaluation","attachmentId":49868023,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4426554/Sustained_release_optimized_formulation_of_anastrozole_loaded_chitosan_microspheres_in_vitro_and_in_vivo_evaluation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4426554/Sustained_release_optimized_formulation_of_anastrozole_loaded_chitosan_microspheres_in_vitro_and_in_vivo_evaluation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="14020544" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14020544/Preparation_and_in_vitro_evaluation_of_chitosan_nanoparticles_containing_a_caspase_inhibitor">Preparation and in vitro evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles containing a caspase inhibitor</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33089054" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RGursoy">R. 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