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href="#Definition_av_komponenters_oberoende"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Definition av komponenters oberoende</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition_av_komponenters_oberoende-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Algoritm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algoritm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Algoritm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Algoritm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Användningsområden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Användningsområden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Användningsområden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Användningsområden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oberoende komponentanalys</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A0lisi_independent_de_components" title="Anàlisi independent de components – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anàlisi independent de components" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unabh%C3%A4ngigkeitsanalyse" title="Unabhängigkeitsanalyse – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Unabhängigkeitsanalyse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%89%CF%83%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Ανάλυση ανεξάρτητων συνιστωσών – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανάλυση ανεξάρτητων συνιστωσών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_component_analysis" title="Independent component analysis – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Independent component analysis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A1lisis_de_componentes_independientes" title="Análisis de componentes independientes – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Análisis de componentes independientes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%81%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84" title="تحلیل مؤلفه‌های مستقل – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تحلیل مؤلفه‌های مستقل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analyse_en_composantes_ind%C3%A9pendantes" title="Analyse en composantes indépendantes – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Analyse en composantes indépendantes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD_%EC%84%B1%EB%B6%84_%EB%B6%84%EC%84%9D" title="독립 성분 분석 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독립 성분 분석" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analisi_delle_componenti_indipendenti" title="Analisi delle componenti indipendenti – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Analisi delle componenti indipendenti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%90%E5%88%86%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="独立成分分析 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="独立成分分析" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Анализ независимых компонент – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Анализ независимых компонент" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_components_analysis" title="Independent components analysis – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Independent components analysis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%90%E4%BB%BD%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="獨立成份分析 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="獨立成份分析" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%90%E5%88%86%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="独立成分分析 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="独立成分分析" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1259145" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Oberoende komponentanalys</b> (engelska: Independent component analysis (ICA)) är en metod inom <a href="/wiki/Signalbehandling" title="Signalbehandling">signalbehandling</a> för att separera <a href="/wiki/Multivariat_statistik" title="Multivariat statistik">multivariata</a> signaler till <a href="/wiki/Additiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Additiv">additiva</a> delkomponenter. Detta görs genom att anta att delkomponenterna är icke-<a href="/wiki/Gaussf%C3%B6rdelning" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaussfördelning">gaussiska</a> signaler och att de alla är <a href="/wiki/Statistiskt" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistiskt">statistiskt</a> <a href="/wiki/Oberoende_(sannolikhetsl%C3%A4ra)" title="Oberoende (sannolikhetslära)">oberoende</a> av varandra. ICA är ett specialfall av blind källseparering (engelska: blind source separation). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduktion">Introduktion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberoende_komponentanalys&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Introduktion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberoende_komponentanalys&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Introduktion"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>När antagandet om statistiskt oberoende är korrekt så ger blind ICA-separering av mixade signaler goda resultat. Metoden kan också användas för analys av signaler som inte är genererade genom mixning. En enkel användning av ICA är "<a href="/wiki/Cocktailpartyproblemet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocktailpartyproblemet">cocktailpartyproblemet</a>" där flera personer talar samtidigt på inspelade signaler. Ofta brukar problemet förenklas genom att man antar att inga fördröjningar eller <a href="/wiki/Eko" title="Eko">ekon</a> förekommer. De underliggande tal-signalerna kan separeras om antalet <a href="/wiki/Mikrofoner" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikrofoner">mikrofoner</a> (inspelningskanaler) är minst lika många som antalet röster som ska separeras. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_av_komponenters_oberoende">Definition av komponenters oberoende</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberoende_komponentanalys&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Definition av komponenters oberoende" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberoende_komponentanalys&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Definition av komponenters oberoende"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ICA beräknar de oberoende komponenterna (även kallade faktorer, latenta variabler eller källor) genom att maximera det statistiska oberoendet av de estimerade komponenterna. Man kan välja ett av många sätt att definiera oberoende, och detta val påverkar formen av ICA-metoden. De två bredaste definitionerna av oberoende för ICA är: </p> <ul><li>Minimering av ömsesidig information</li> <li>Maximering av icke-Gaussiskhet</li></ul> <p>Varianten av ICA där man minimerar den ömsesidiga informationen använder mått som Kullback-Leibler divergens och max <a href="/wiki/Entropi" title="Entropi">entropi</a>. Varianten av ICA för att maximera icke-Gaussiskheten motiveras av den <a href="/wiki/Centrala_gr%C3%A4nsv%C3%A4rdessatsen" title="Centrala gränsvärdessatsen">centrala gränsvärdessatsen</a> och använder <a href="/wiki/Kurtosis" title="Kurtosis">kurtosis</a> och <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negentropi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negentropi [inte skriven än]">negentropi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Algoritm">Algoritm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberoende_komponentanalys&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Algoritm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberoende_komponentanalys&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Algoritm"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typiska <a href="/wiki/Algoritmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Algoritmer">algoritmer</a> för ICA använder centrering (subtrahera medelvärdet så att signalen får <a href="/wiki/Medelv%C3%A4rde" title="Medelvärde">medelvärde</a> noll), vitning (vanligtvis med <a href="/wiki/Egenv%C3%A4rde_(matematik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egenvärde (matematik)">egenvärdesuppdelning</a>), samt dimensionsreduktion som förbehandling för att förenkla för den <a href="/wiki/Iteration" title="Iteration">iterativa</a> delen av algoritmen. Vitning och dimensionsreducering kan uppnås genom <a href="/wiki/Principalkomponentanalys" title="Principalkomponentanalys">principalkomponentanalys</a>; <a href="/wiki/Singul%C3%A4rv%C3%A4rdesuppdelning" title="Singulärvärdesuppdelning">singulärvärdesuppdelning</a>. </p><p>Generellt kan ICA inte identifiera det faktiska antalet av källsignaler, en unik korrekt ordning av källsignalerna, eller en korrekt skalning (inklusive tecken) av källsignalerna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Användningsområden"><span id="Anv.C3.A4ndningsomr.C3.A5den"></span>Användningsområden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberoende_komponentanalys&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Användningsområden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberoende_komponentanalys&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Användningsområden"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ICA är viktigt för blind signalseparering och har många praktiska användningsområden för <a href="/wiki/Informationsutvinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Informationsutvinning">informationsutvinning</a>. ICA används till exempel för att separera röster i <a href="/wiki/Ljud" title="Ljud">ljudsignaler</a>, samt för att analysera <a href="/wiki/Satellitbild" title="Satellitbild">satellitbilder</a> och andra <a href="/wiki/Multispektral_bild" title="Multispektral bild">spektrala bilder</a>. Den är nära relaterad till sökningen efter en faktorkod av datan, med en ny vektor-representation av varje datavektor så att de blir unikt kodade genom den resulterande kodvektorn (<a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rlustfri_komprimering" class="mw-redirect" title="Förlustfri komprimering">förlustfri kodning</a>), medan kodkomponenterna är statistiskt oberoende. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bin%C3%A4r" class="mw-redirect" title="Binär">Binär</a> ICA är ett specialfall där datan är i binär form och som används inom <a href="/wiki/Medicinsk_diagnostik" title="Medicinsk diagnostik">medicinsk diagnostik</a>, multi-kluster-tilldelning, nätverkstomografi samt internetresurshantering. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberoende_komponentanalys&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberoende_komponentanalys&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Comon, Pierre (1994): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlsp.cs.cmu.edu/courses/fall2012/lectures/ICA.pdf">"Independent Component Analysis: a new concept?"</a>, <i>Signal Processing</i>, 36(3):287–314</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oberoende_komponentanalys&oldid=51600492">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oberoende_komponentanalys&oldid=51600492</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Signalbehandling" title="Kategori:Signalbehandling">Signalbehandling</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Statistik" title="Kategori:Statistik">Statistik</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 1 december 2022 kl. 17.32.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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