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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol%C3%A1i_Shv%C3%A9rnik" title="Nikolái Shvérnik – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nikolái Shvérnik" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_%C5%9Evernik" title="Nikolay Şvernik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nikolay Şvernik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Мікалай Міхайлавіч Швернік – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мікалай Міхайлавіч Швернік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Ixv%C3%A8rnik" title="Nikolai Ixvèrnik – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nikolai Ixvèrnik" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Michajlovi%C4%8D_%C5%A0vernik" title="Nikolaj Michajlovič Švernik – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nikolaj Michajlovič Švernik" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Michailowitsch_Schwernik" title="Nikolai Michailowitsch Schwernik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nikolai Michailowitsch Schwernik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_%C5%A0vernik" title="Nikolai Švernik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nikolai Švernik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol%C3%A1i_Shv%C3%A9rnik" title="Nikolái Shvérnik – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nikolái Shvérnik" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="نیکولای شوورنیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیکولای شوورنیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola%C3%AF_Chvernik" title="Nikolaï Chvernik – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nikolaï Chvernik" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4_%EC%8B%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%88%ED%81%AC" title="니콜라이 시베르니크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니콜라이 시베르니크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5_%D5%87%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Նիկոլայ Շվերնիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիկոլայ Շվերնիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Shvernik" title="Nikolay Shvernik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nikolay Shvernik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Michajlovi%C4%8D_%C5%A0vernik" title="Nikolaj Michajlovič Švernik – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nikolaj Michajlovič Švernik" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7" title="ניקולאי שברניק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניקולאי שברניק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ნიკოლოზ შვერნიკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიკოლოზ შვერნიკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolajus_%C5%A0vernikas" title="Nikolajus Švernikas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nikolajus Švernikas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%89_%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83" title="نيكولاى شفيرنيك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيكولاى شفيرنيك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AF" title="ニコライ・シュヴェルニク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニコライ・シュヴェルニク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Sjvernik" title="Nikolaj Sjvernik – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nikolaj Sjvernik" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niko%C5%82aj_Szwernik" title="Nikołaj Szwernik – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nikołaj Szwernik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Shvernik" title="Nikolai Shvernik – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nikolai Shvernik" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Шверник, Николай Михайлович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шверник, Николай Михайлович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%98_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Николај Шверник – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Николај Шверник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_%C5%A0vernik" title="Nikolai Švernik – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nikolai Švernik" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Sjvernik" title="Nikolaj Sjvernik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nikolaj Sjvernik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Николай Шверник – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Николай Шверник" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Шверник Микола Михайлович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шверник Микола Михайлович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Mikhailovich_Shvernik" title="Nikolai Mikhailovich Shvernik – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nikolai Mikhailovich Shvernik" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is <i> Mikhailovich</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i> Shvernik</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Nikolai Shvernik</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ru"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Николай Шверник</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg/220px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg/330px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg/440px-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="1821" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Shvernik in 1938</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 March 1946 – 15 March 1953</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">General Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kalinin" title="Mikhail Kalinin">Mikhail Kalinin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kliment_Voroshilov" title="Kliment Voroshilov">Kliment Voroshilov</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">First Deputy Chairman</a> of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />4 March 1944 – 25 June 1946</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position abolished</i> (Until 1977) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Kuznetsov_(politician)" title="Vasily Kuznetsov (politician)">Vasily Kuznetsov</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Russian_SFSR#Heads_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="List of leaders of the Russian SFSR">Chairman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Presidium</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR">Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />4 March 1944 – 25 June 1946</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Badayev" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksei Badayev">Aleksei Badayev</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vlasov" title="Ivan Vlasov">Ivan Vlasov</a> (Acting)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vlasov" title="Ivan Vlasov">Ivan Vlasov</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Full member of the <a href="/wiki/20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">20th</a>, <a href="/wiki/22nd_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">22nd</a> <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Presidium</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />29 June 1957 – 8 April 1966</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 October 1952 – 5 March 1953</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Additional positions</div></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Candidate member of the <a href="/wiki/18th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="18th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">18th</a>, <a href="/wiki/19th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="19th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">19th</a> <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Presidium</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 March 1953 – 29 June 1957</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Full member of the <a href="/wiki/14th_Orgburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">14th</a>, <a href="/wiki/16th_Orgburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">16th</a>, <a href="/wiki/17th_Orgburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="17th Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">17th</a> <a href="/wiki/Orgburo" title="Orgburo">Orgburo</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 March 1939 – 16 October 1952</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />9 April 1926 – 16 April 1927</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Full member of the <a href="/wiki/16th_Politburo_and_the_16th_Secretariat_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Politburo and the 16th Secretariat of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">16th</a> <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Secretariat</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 July 1930 – 10 February 1934</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Candidate member of the <a href="/wiki/14th_Politburo_and_the_14th_Secretariat_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Politburo and the 14th Secretariat of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">14th</a> <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Secretariat</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />9 April 1926 – 16 April 1927 </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1888-05-07</span>)</span>7 May 1888<br /><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">24 December 1970<span style="display:none">(1970-12-24)</span> (aged 82)<br /><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis" title="Kremlin Wall Necropolis">Kremlin Wall Necropolis</a>, Moscow</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_people" title="Soviet people">Soviet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Social_Democratic_Labor_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Social Democratic Labor Party">RSDLP (Bolsheviks)</a> (1905–1918) <br /><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Russian Communist Party</a> (1918–1966)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Mariya Fedorovna Ulazovskaya</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nikolai Mikhailovich Shvernik</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Николай Михайлович Шверник</span>, 19 May [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 7 May] 1888 – 24 December 1970) was a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> politician who served as the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a> from 19 March 1946 until 15 March 1953. Though the titular Soviet <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">head of state</a>, Shvernik had less power than <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> as <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union">Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Shvernik&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shvernik was born in 1888 in <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> in a working-class family of <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russian</a> ethnicity.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was a retired sergeant major, who worked in factories in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">St Petersburg</a>. Reputedly, he was descended from <a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Okunev_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Okunev-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shvernik's mother was a weaver. He worked in factories as a turner, and joined the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolsheviks</a> in 1905. After the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> in 1917, he was elected chairman of the soviet in a pipe factory in <a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a>, and chairman of the Samara city soviet.<sup id="cite_ref-Khronos_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khronos-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>, he was a political commissar in the Red Army. In 1921–23, he worked in the trade unions. </p><p>In 1923, he was appointed to the staff of <a href="/wiki/Rabkrin" title="Rabkrin">Rabkrin</a>, which was headed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, whom Shvernik loyally supported during the power struggles of the 1920s. During 1923, he was in charge of combatting the sale of moonshine vodka and cocaine, and gambling.<sup id="cite_ref-Okunev_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Okunev-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1925, at the height of the conflict between Stalin and <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Zinoviev" title="Grigory Zinoviev">Grigory Zinoviev</a>, he was appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Central Committee</a> to take over as Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a> provincial committee, which was Zinoviev's power base.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Khronos_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khronos-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shvernik was a full member of the Central Committee from December 1925 until he died 45 years later. In April 1926, he was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_CPSU" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of the CPSU">Secretariat</a>, one of a team of four secretaries led by Stalin, in place of <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Yevdokimov" title="Grigory Yevdokimov">Grigory Yevdokimov</a>, a Zinoviev supporter. </p><p>While the Central Committee and <a href="/wiki/Central_Control_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Central Control Commission</a> were in joint session, in October 1927, debating whether to expel the leading oppositionists, including <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> and Zinoviev, Shvernik displayed his loyalty to Stalin.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1927, when there were sudden food shortages in the cities because the peasants were holding back their produce in anticipation of rising prices, Shvernik was dispatched to the Urals, as regional party secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued to support Stalin loyally through the rapid industrialisation of the soviet economy, which was opposed by almost the entire leadership of the trade unions. He was recalled to Moscow in 1929, and imposed as chairman of the Metallurgist Trade Union. From July 1930 to March 1944, he was first secretary of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Orgburo" title="Orgburo">Orgburo</a>. </p><p>Shvernik presided over the <a href="/wiki/1931_Menshevik_Trial" title="1931 Menshevik Trial">1931 Menshevik Trial</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which fourteen Russian economists came up for trial on charges of treason. In February 1937, he was a member of the commission that investigated <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bukharin" title="Nikolai Bukharin">Nikolai Bukharin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Rykov" title="Alexei Rykov">Alexei Rykov</a>, the two most prominent former oppositionists still living the USSR, and voted that they should be expelled from the Central Committee, arrested, and shot.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Shvernik was responsible for evacuating Soviet industry away from the advancing <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Soviet_of_Nationalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Soviet of Nationalities">Chairman of the Soviet of Nationalities</a> from 1938 to 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR">Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR</a> from 1944 to 1946. In 1946 he became Chairman of the Presidium of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Soviet of the USSR">Supreme Soviet of the USSR</a>, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kalinin" title="Mikhail Kalinin">Mikhail Kalinin</a>. He only became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_CPSU_Central_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee">Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee</a> (then named the Presidium of the Party's Central Committee) in 1952 but was demoted in 1953 when the body was reduced in size. </p><p>Reputedly, Shvernik was so distressed by Stalin's death, in March 1953, that he was the only prominent party leader seen crying at the dictator's funeral.<sup id="cite_ref-Okunev_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Okunev-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within days, he had been demoted back to his old status as a 'candidate' member of the Presidium, and Shvernik was removed as the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a> and replaced by <a href="/wiki/Kliment_Voroshilov" title="Kliment Voroshilov">Kliment Voroshilov</a> on 15 March 1953. He returned to his work as the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/All-Union_Central_Council_of_Trade_Unions" title="All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions">All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions</a>. In December 1953, he was named as a member of the panel of judges who sentenced the former chief of police, <a href="/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Lavrentiy Beria</a> and six others to death. </p><p>Despite his years of loyalty to Stalin, Shvernik was one of the most senior Old Bolsheviks to back <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> after he had delivered the "<a href="/wiki/Secret_Speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret Speech">Secret Speech</a>" which denounced Stalin's crimes. Appointed Chairman of the Central Control Commission in 1956, he oversaw the 'rehabilitation' of scores of people wrongly convicted during the Stalin years.<sup id="cite_ref-Khronos_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khronos-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1957, Shvernik again became a full member of the Presidium, after a stretch of more than 16 years as a 'candidate' member.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained on the body until he retired in 1966. </p><p>Shvernik died on 24 December 1970 at <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> at the age 82 and his ashes were placed in an urn in the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin_Wall_Necropolis" title="Kremlin Wall Necropolis">Kremlin Wall Necropolis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Shvernik&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=9112">Герои Страны</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Okunev-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Okunev_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Okunev_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Okunev_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOkunev" class="citation web cs1">Okunev, Dmitri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazeta.ru/science/2020/12/23_a_13412270.shtml">"Отдал Крым, боролся с самогонщиками: чем прославился "президент" СССР Шверник (He gave away Crimea, fought moonshiners: what made Shvernik, the 'president' of the USSR, famous)"</a>. <i>gazeta.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gazeta.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%2C+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F+%D1%81+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%3A+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F+%22%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%22+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0+%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%28He+gave+away+Crimea%2C+fought+moonshiners%3A+what+made+Shvernik%2C+the+%27president%27+of+the+USSR%2C+famous%29&rft.aulast=Okunev&rft.aufirst=Dmitri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazeta.ru%2Fscience%2F2020%2F12%2F23_a_13412270.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Shvernik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khronos-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khronos_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khronos_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khronos_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_sh/shvernik_nm.php">"Шверник Николай Михайлович 1888–1970, биографический указатель"</a>. <i>Khronos</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Khronos&rft.atitle=%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1888%E2%80%931970%2C+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrono.ru%2Fbiograf%2Fbio_sh%2Fshvernik_nm.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Shvernik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr1970" class="citation book cs1">Carr, E.H. 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September 28, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whp057.narod.ru/sssr.htm">the original</a> on 2011-09-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%AE%D0%97+%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%95%D0%A2%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%A5+%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%A5+%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%A3%D0%91%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%9A&rft.date=2011-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhp057.narod.ru%2Fsssr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Shvernik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConquest1961" class="citation book cs1">Conquest, Robert (1961). <i>Power and Policy in the U.S.S.R</i>. London: MacMillan. p. 399.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+and+Policy+in+the+U.S.S.R.&rft.place=London&rft.pages=399&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Conquest&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Shvernik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">None</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chairmen_of_the_Soviet_of_Nationalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chairmen of the Soviet of Nationalities">Chairman of the Soviet of Nationalities</a> </b><br />January 12, 1938 – February 10, 1946 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vasili_Kuznetsov_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasili Kuznetsov (politician)">Vasili Kuznetsov</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kalinin" title="Mikhail Kalinin">Mikhail Kalinin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a> </b><br />1946–1953 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kliment_Voroshilov" title="Kliment Voroshilov">Kliment Voroshilov</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Matvei_Shkiryatov" title="Matvei Shkiryatov">Matvei Shkiryatov</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Control_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Party Control Committee</a> </b><br />1956–1966 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arv%C4%ABds_Pel%C5%A1e" title="Arvīds Pelše">Arvīds Pelše</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:Heads of state of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:Heads of state of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">Heads of state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heads of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kalinin" title="Mikhail Kalinin">Kalinin</a> (1922–1946)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shvernik</a> (1946–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliment_Voroshilov" title="Kliment Voroshilov">Voroshilov</a> (1953–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Brezhnev</a> (1960–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Mikoyan</a> (1964–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Podgorny" title="Nikolai Podgorny">Podgorny</a> (1965–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Brezhnev</a> (1977–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Andropov</a> (1983–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chernenko" title="Konstantin Chernenko">Chernenko</a> (1984–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Gromyko" title="Andrei Gromyko">Gromyko</a> (1985–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a> (1988–1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice heads of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vasili_Kuznetsov_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasili Kuznetsov (politician)">Kuznetsov</a> (1977–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Demichev" title="Pyotr Demichev">Demichev</a> (1986–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Lukyanov" title="Anatoly Lukyanov">Lukyanov</a> (1988–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Yanayev" title="Gennady Yanayev">Yanayev</a> (1990–1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_of_the_Russian_SFSR" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_RSFSR" title="Template:Heads of RSFSR"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_RSFSR" title="Template talk:Heads of RSFSR"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_RSFSR" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of RSFSR"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_of_the_Russian_SFSR" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Heads of state of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/All-Russian_Central_Executive_Committee" title="All-Russian Central Executive Committee">Central Executive Committee</a><br /> of the <a href="/wiki/All-Russian_Congress_of_Soviets" title="All-Russian Congress of Soviets">All-Russian Congress of Soviets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Kamenev" title="Lev Kamenev">Kamenev</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Sverdlov" title="Yakov Sverdlov">Sverdlov</a> (1917–1919)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Vladimirsky" title="Mikhail Vladimirsky">Vladimirsky</a> (1919, acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kalinin" title="Mikhail Kalinin">Kalinin</a> (1919–1938)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR">Presidium</a> of<br />the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_Russia" title="Supreme Soviet of Russia">Supreme Soviet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Badayev" title="Alexei Badayev">Badayev</a> (1938–1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vlasov" title="Ivan Vlasov">Vlasov</a> (1943–1944, acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Shvernik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Shvernik">Shvernik</a> (1944–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vlasov" title="Ivan Vlasov">Vlasov</a> (1946–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tarasov_(politician)" title="Mikhail Tarasov (politician)">Tarasov</a> (1950–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Ignatov" title="Nikolai Ignatov">Ignatov</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Organov" title="Nikolai Organov">Organov</a> (1959–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Ignatov" title="Nikolai Ignatov">Ignatov</a> (1962–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Yasnov" title="Mikhail Yasnov">Yasnov</a> (1966–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Orlov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Orlov (politician)">Orlov</a> (1985–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Vorotnikov" title="Vitaly Vorotnikov">Vorotnikov</a> (1988–1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_Russia" title="Supreme Soviet of Russia">Supreme Soviet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Zhdanov" title="Andrei Zhdanov">Zhdanov</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Yeltsin</a> (1990–1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Supreme_Soviet_Chairmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Supreme Soviet Chairmen">Heads of state of the USSR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22nd_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1961–1966)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:22nd_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:22nd_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:22nd_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22nd_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1961–1966)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/22nd_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (1961–1966)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Voronov" title="Gennady Voronov">Gennady Voronov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frol_Kozlov" title="Frol Kozlov">Frol Kozlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Wille_Kuusinen" title="Otto Wille Kuusinen">Otto Kuusinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Podgorny" title="Nikolai Podgorny">Nikolai Podgorny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Polyansky" title="Dmitry Polyansky">Dmitry Polyansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikolai Shvernik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kirilenko_(politician)" title="Andrei Kirilenko (politician)">Andrei Kirilenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Shelest" title="Petro Shelest">Petro Shelest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shelepin" title="Alexander Shelepin">Alexander Shelepin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Grishin" title="Viktor Grishin">Viktor Grishin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirill_Mazurov" title="Kirill Mazurov">Kirill Mazurov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasil_Mzhavanadze" title="Vasil Mzhavanadze">Vasil Mzhavanadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharof_Rashidov" title="Sharof Rashidov">Sharof Rashidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Volodymyr Shcherbytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonid_Efremov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonid Efremov (page does not exist)">Leonid Efremov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Shelest" title="Petro Shelest">Petro Shelest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Demichev" title="Pyotr Demichev">Pyotr Demichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Ustinov" title="Dmitry Ustinov">Dmitry Ustinov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1956–1959)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1956–1959)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (1956–1959)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bulganin" title="Nikolai Bulganin">Nikolai Bulganin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliment_Voroshilov" title="Kliment Voroshilov">Kliment Voroshilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazar_Kaganovich" title="Lazar Kaganovich">Lazar Kaganovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kirichenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Kirichenko">Alexei Kirichenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Malenkov" title="Georgy Malenkov">Georgy Malenkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Pervukhin" title="Mikhail Pervukhin">Mikhail Pervukhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maksim_Saburov" title="Maksim Saburov">Maksim Saburov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averky_Aristov" title="Averky Aristov">Averky Aristov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Belyaev_(politician)" title="Nikolai Belyaev (politician)">Nikolai Belyaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Zhukov" title="Georgy Zhukov">Georgy Zhukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Ignatov" title="Nikolai Ignatov">Nikolai Ignatov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frol_Kozlov" title="Frol Kozlov">Frol Kozlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Wille_Kuusinen" title="Otto Wille Kuusinen">Otto Kuusinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekaterina_Furtseva" title="Yekaterina Furtseva">Yekaterina Furtseva</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikolai Shvernik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuritdin_Mukhitdinov" title="Nuritdin Mukhitdinov">Nuritdin Mukhitdinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Podgorny" title="Nikolai Podgorny">Nikolai Podgorny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Polyansky" title="Dmitry Polyansky">Dmitry Polyansky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Zhukov" title="Georgy Zhukov">Georgy Zhukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuritdin_Mukhitdinov" title="Nuritdin Mukhitdinov">Nuritdin Mukhitdinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekaterina_Furtseva" title="Yekaterina Furtseva">Yekaterina Furtseva</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikolai Shvernik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shepilov" title="Dmitri Shepilov">Dmitri Shepilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_Kalnb%C4%93rzi%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Jānis Kalnbērziņš">Jānis Kalnbērziņš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kirilenko_(politician)" title="Andrei Kirilenko (politician)">Andrei Kirilenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demyan_Korotchenko" title="Demyan Korotchenko">Demyan Korotchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirill_Mazurov" title="Kirill Mazurov">Kirill Mazurov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasil_Mzhavanadze" title="Vasil Mzhavanadze">Vasil Mzhavanadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Pervukhin" title="Mikhail Pervukhin">Mikhail Pervukhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Pospelov" title="Pyotr Pospelov">Pyotr Pospelov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Podgorny" title="Nikolai Podgorny">Nikolai Podgorny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Polyansky" title="Dmitry Polyansky">Dmitry Polyansky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="19th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1952–1956)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:19th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:19th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:19th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:19th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:19th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:19th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="19th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1952–1956)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/19th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="19th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">19th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (1952–1956)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Andrianov_(politician)" title="Vasily Andrianov (politician)">Vasily Andrianov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averky_Aristov" title="Averky Aristov">Averky Aristov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Lavrentiy Beria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bulganin" title="Nikolai Bulganin">Nikolai Bulganin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliment_Voroshilov" title="Kliment Voroshilov">Kliment Voroshilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyon_Ignatyev" class="mw-redirect" title="Semyon Ignatyev">Semyon Ignatyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazar_Kaganovich" title="Lazar Kaganovich">Lazar Kaganovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demyan_Korotchenko" title="Demyan Korotchenko">Demyan Korotchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasili_Kuznetsov_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasili Kuznetsov (politician)">Vasili Kuznetsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Wille_Kuusinen" title="Otto Wille Kuusinen">Otto Kuusinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Malenkov" title="Georgy Malenkov">Georgy Malenkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Malyshev" title="Vyacheslav Malyshev">Vyacheslav Malyshev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Melnikov" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonid Melnikov">Leonid Melnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Mikhailov_(politician)" title="Nikolai Mikhailov (politician)">Nikolai Mikhailov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Pervukhin" title="Mikhail Pervukhin">Mikhail Pervukhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panteleimon_Ponomarenko" title="Panteleimon Ponomarenko">Panteleimon Ponomarenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maksim_Saburov" title="Maksim Saburov">Maksim Saburov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Chesnokov_(politician)" title="Dmitry Chesnokov (politician)">Dmitry Chesnokov</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikolai Shvernik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matvei_Shkiryatov" title="Matvei Shkiryatov">Matvei Shkiryatov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kirichenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Kirichenko">Alexei Kirichenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Vyshinsky" title="Andrey Vyshinsky">Andrey Vyshinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseny_Zverev" title="Arseny Zverev">Arseny Zverev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Ignatov" title="Nikolai Ignatov">Nikolai Ignatov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Kabanov" title="Ivan Kabanov">Ivan Kabanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Patolichev" title="Nikolai Patolichev">Nikolai Patolichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Pegov" title="Nikolai Pegov">Nikolai Pegov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Puzanov" title="Alexander Puzanov">Alexander Puzanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Tevosian" title="Ivan Tevosian">Ivan Tevosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Yudin" title="Pavel Yudin">Pavel Yudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Jafar_Baghirov" title="Mir Jafar Baghirov">Mir Jafar Baghirov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Melnikov" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonid Melnikov">Leonid Melnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panteleimon_Ponomarenko" title="Panteleimon Ponomarenko">Panteleimon Ponomarenko</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikolai Shvernik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kirichenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Kirichenko">Alexei Kirichenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="18th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_(1939–1952)" style="padding:3px"><table 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:18th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:18th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="18th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_(1939–1952)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/18th_Politburo_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="18th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">18th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</a> (1939–1952)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Andreyevich_Andreyev" title="Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev">Andrey Andreyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliment_Voroshilov" title="Kliment Voroshilov">Kliment Voroshilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Zhdanov" title="Andrei Zhdanov">Andrei Zhdanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazar_Kaganovich" title="Lazar Kaganovich">Lazar Kaganovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kalinin" title="Mikhail Kalinin">Mikhail Kalinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Lavrentiy Beria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Malenkov" title="Georgy Malenkov">Georgy Malenkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Voznesensky" title="Nikolai Voznesensky">Nikolai Voznesensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bulganin" title="Nikolai Bulganin">Nikolai Bulganin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Lavrentiy Beria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikolai Shvernik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Voznesensky" title="Nikolai Voznesensky">Nikolai Voznesensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Malenkov" title="Georgy Malenkov">Georgy Malenkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Shcherbakov_(20th-century_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Shcherbakov (20th-century politician)">Alexander Shcherbakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bulganin" title="Nikolai Bulganin">Nikolai Bulganin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355639#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355639#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355639#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081910540">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/944218">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/260192/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvxqpbkCtHGBVdckmvPwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124359043">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no89016619">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0047702&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071348751">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Шверник, Николай Михайлович, 1888-1970"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000231355&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810649401905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007399809105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000080454">Finland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1495376">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd124359043.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/124359043">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/105632880">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/76060320">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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title="Category:Members of the Orgburo of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">Members of the Orgburo of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Orgburo_of_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Category:Members of the Orgburo of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">Members of the Orgburo of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Orgburo_of_the_18th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Category:Members of the Orgburo of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">Members of the Orgburo of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Candidates_of_the_Secretariat_of_the_14th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" 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title="Category:Members of the Presidium of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Members of the Presidium of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_16th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">Members of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_15th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">Members of the Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">Members of the Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_18th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">Members of the Central Committee of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_19th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Members of the Central Committee of the 19th Congress of 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