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id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-力學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#力學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>力學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-力學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-發現" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發現"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>發現</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發現-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-按時間順序解釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#按時間順序解釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>按時間順序解釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-按時間順序解釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-觀測過程和歲差" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#觀測過程和歲差"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>觀測過程和歲差</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-觀測過程和歲差-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-問題和批評" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#問題和批評"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>問題和批評</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-問題和批評-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註解" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註解"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>註解</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註解-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">天狼周</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。17种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="دورة سوثية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دورة سوثية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclu_sot%C3%ADaco" title="Ciclu sotíaco – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciclu sotíaco" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3thick%C3%A1_perioda" title="Sóthická perioda – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sóthická perioda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sothis-Zyklus" title="Sothis-Zyklus – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sothis-Zyklus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sothic_cycle" title="Sothic cycle – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sothic cycle" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclo_sot%C3%ADaco" title="Ciclo sotíaco – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciclo sotíaco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sothis-jakso" title="Sothis-jakso – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sothis-jakso" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever_h%C3%A9liaque_de_Sirius" title="Lever héliaque de Sirius – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lever héliaque de Sirius" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclo_sotiaco" title="Ciclo sotiaco – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ciclo sotiaco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="ソティス周期 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソティス周期" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclus_Sothicus" title="Cyclus Sothicus – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cyclus Sothicus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sothisperiode" title="Sothisperiode – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sothisperiode" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datowanie_sotisowe" title="Datowanie sotisowe – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Datowanie sotisowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soti%C4%8Dki_ciklus" title="Sotički ciklus – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sotički ciklus" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotik_d%C3%B6ng%C3%BC" title="Sotik döngü – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sotik döngü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B0_%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="دور شعریٰ یمانی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دور شعریٰ یمانی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_Sothic" title="Chu kỳ Sothic – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chu kỳ Sothic" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1749234#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubble_heic0206j.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Hubble_heic0206j.jpg/200px-Hubble_heic0206j.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Hubble_heic0206j.jpg/300px-Hubble_heic0206j.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Hubble_heic0206j.jpg/400px-Hubble_heic0206j.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="889" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E6%98%9F" title="天狼星">天狼星</a>（底部）和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E6%88%B6%E5%BA%A7" title="獵戶座">獵戶座</a>（右側）。<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92" title="冬季大三角">冬季大三角</a>是由北方冬季天空中最亮的三顆恆星形成：天狼星、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E5%AE%BF%E5%9B%9B" title="參宿四">參宿四</a>（右上）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%89" title="南河三">南河三</a>（左上）。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CanisMajorCC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/CanisMajorCC.jpg/200px-CanisMajorCC.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/CanisMajorCC.jpg/300px-CanisMajorCC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/CanisMajorCC.jpg/400px-CanisMajorCC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>天狼星是從地球上觀察到的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7" title="星座">星座</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%8A%AC%E5%BA%A7" title="大犬座">大犬座</a>中最亮的恆星（為清晰起見，添加了線條）。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>天狼周</b>（<b>Sothic cycle</b>或<b>Canicular period</b>）是每一年365天的一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="古埃及历法">古埃及曆法</a>的1461年，與每年365.25日的1460<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E6%9B%86" title="儒略曆">儒略年</a>等長的循環週期。在天狼周中，365天的一年補足了短少了的時間，使天狼星<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%95%E6%97%A5%E5%8D%87" title="偕日升">偕日升</a>再重回儒略年相同的日期（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="埃及语">埃及語</a>：<span lang="egy"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/spdt" class="extiw" title="wikt:spdt">spdt</a></span>或<span lang="egy-latn"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E6%99%AE%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%B9" title="索普德特">Sopdet</a></span>，'Triangle'；<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="希腊语">希腊语</a>：<span lang="grc">Σῶθις</span>，<span lang="grc-latn">Sō̂this</span>）：在<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E6%9B%86" title="儒略曆">儒略曆</a>的7月19日<sup id="cite_ref-lavia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lavia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。它是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%AD%A6" title="埃及学">埃及學</a>的一個重要方面，特別是關於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="古埃及历法">古埃及曆法</a>及其歷史的重建。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃及天文學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Egyptian astronomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="埃及天文学">埃及天文學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_astronomy" class="extiw" title="en:Egyptian astronomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Egyptian astronomy</span></a></span>）</span></span>記錄的這種位移可能是後來建立更準確的<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E6%9B%86" title="儒略曆">儒略曆</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E6%9B%86" title="科普特曆">亞歷山大曆</a>的基礎。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="力學"><span id=".E5.8A.9B.E5.AD.B8"></span>力學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：力學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="古埃及">古埃及</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="古埃及历法">民用年</a>，它的節日和宗教記錄反映了它在明亮恆星<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E6%98%9F" title="天狼星">天狼星</a>出現在夜空被認為是預示著一年一度的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%BE%85%E6%B2%B3%E6%B3%9B%E6%BF%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="尼羅河泛濫">尼羅河氾濫</a> <sup id="cite_ref-teacosy_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teacosy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但是，由於民用日曆正好是365天，直到西元前22年才包含<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8F%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="閏年">閏年</a>。使它的月份以每四年大約一天的速度在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="太阳年">太陽年</a>中向後「徘徊」；這幾乎完全對應於它對<b>天狼年</b>年份的位移（天狼年比<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E6%9B%86" title="儒略曆">儒略年</a>長約一分鐘。）<sup id="cite_ref-teacosy_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teacosy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。365.25636天的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%B9%B4" title="恒星年">恆星年</a>僅對<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="黃道">黃道</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽">太陽</a>穿過天空的視路徑）上的恆星有效，並且沒有<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="自行">自行</a>，而天狼星的位置約在黃道下方40°，其自行和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="天赤道">天赤道</a>的擺動導致其<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%95%E6%97%A5%E5%8D%87" title="偕日升">偕日升</a>之間的週期幾乎正好是365.25天長。在365天的曆法過程中，每四年穩定地損失一個相對日，這意味著「徘徊」日將在1461年之後回到相對於太陽年和天狼年的原始位置：古埃及曆1461年或儒略年1460年<sup id="cite_ref-lavia_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lavia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="發現"><span id=".E7.99.BC.E7.8F.BE"></span>發現</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：發現"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>這種曆法週期在古代是眾所周知的。<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E7%B4%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="肯索里努斯">肯索里努斯</a>在西元238年的《論生辰》一書中描述了這一點，並表示這一週期在100年前的8月12日重新開始。在九世紀，辛塞勒斯（Syncellus）在《古埃及編年史》中重新體現了天狼周。早期埃及古物學家、皇家學會成員艾薩克·庫利莫爾（Isaac Cullimore）在1833年發表了一篇關於它的論述，其中他是第一個提出肯索里努斯捏造終點日期的人，並且它更有可能落在西元136年。他還計算出其發明的可能日期為西元前1600年左右。 </p><p>在1904年，在庫利莫爾之後70年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E5%B0%94" title="爱德华·迈尔">愛德華·邁爾</a>仔細梳理了已知的埃及銘文和書面材料，以找到任何提及天狼星黎明時分升起的日曆日期。他發現了其中的六個，許多傳統的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="古埃及历史年表">古埃及歷史年表</a>的日期都是基於這些日期。天狼星的偕日升被<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E7%B4%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="肯索里努斯">肯索里努斯</a>記錄為發生在西元139年至西元142年之間的埃及元旦<sup id="cite_ref-Kitchen_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitchen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>事實上，記錄本身指的是西元140年7月21日，但天文計算可以肯定地追溯到西元139年7月20日（儒略曆）。這使埃及曆與<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E6%9B%86" title="儒略曆">儒略曆</a>相關聯。儒略閏日發生在西元140年，因此西元139年的新年首日是7月20日，而西元140年至142年的新年則是7月19日。因此，<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E5%B0%94" title="爱德华·迈尔">邁爾</a>能够將觀測到天狼星偕日升的古埃及曆日期與「推測」天狼星偕日升的儒略曆日期進行比較，計算所需的閏日數，並確定從週期開始到觀測之間有多少年。 </p><p>要從天文學上計算日期，還需要知道觀測的地點，因為觀測的緯度會在可以看到天狼星偕日升的那一天發生變化，而觀測的位置錯誤可能會使由此產生的年表偏離幾十年<sup id="cite_ref-Kitchen_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitchen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。已知官方的觀察是在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E6%B3%A2%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="赫里奥波里斯">赫里奧波里斯</a>（或<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E8%8F%B2%E6%96%AF_(%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A)" title="孟菲斯 (埃及)">孟菲斯</a>，靠近<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="開羅">開羅</a>），<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF_(%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A)" title="底比斯 (埃及)">底比斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%B3%B6_(%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A)" class="mw-redirect" title="象島 (埃及)">象島</a>（靠近<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%97%BA" title="阿斯旺">阿斯旺</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-teatime_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teatime-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，隨著天狼星的升起，在阿斯旺看到天狼星之後大約8天，在開羅才觀察到<sup id="cite_ref-teatime_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teatime-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>邁爾得出結論，古埃及曆法是在<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D5%E5%8D%83%E7%BA%AA" title="前5千纪">西元前4241年</a>創建的<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Breasted_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breasted-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而，最近的學術研究已經否定了這一說法。大多數學者要麼將他所依據的觀察結果向前移動一個天狼周的西元前2781年7月19日，或者拒絕邁爾所依賴的文件所表明天狼星偕日升的假設<sup id="cite_ref-Grimal-1988_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grimal-1988-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">（p.  52）</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="按時間順序解釋"><span id=".E6.8C.89.E6.99.82.E9.96.93.E9.A0.86.E5.BA.8F.E8.A7.A3.E9.87.8B"></span>按時間順序解釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：按時間順序解釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>對天狼星偕日升的三個具體觀測對於埃及的年表來說是極其重要的。第一個是前面提到的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%B0%94" title="哲尔">哲爾</a>統治時期的象牙碑，據說它標誌著天狼周的開始，即天狼星在新年的同一天偕日升。如果這確實表明天狼周的開始，它必須追溯到大約西元前2773年7月17日<sup id="cite_ref-Grimal-1988_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grimal-1988-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">（p.  51）</sup>。然而，這個日期對於哲爾的統治來說為時已晚，因此許多學者認為它表明天狼星的偕日升與埃及「陰曆」之間的相關性，而不是埃及的太陽曆，這將使石碑基本上沒有年代上的價值<sup id="cite_ref-Grimal-1988_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grimal-1988-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">（p.  52）</sup>。 </p><p>高奇“等人”（2017）聲稱，新發現的來自舊王國的天狼周的日期和隨後的天文學研究證實了天狼周模型<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>第二個觀測結果顯然是指偕日升，據信可以追溯到<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%8A%AA%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="辛努塞爾特三世">辛努塞爾特三世</a>的第七年。幾乎可以肯定這一觀察是在第十二王朝首都<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9%E5%A1%94%E5%A8%81" title="伊特塔威">伊特塔威</a>進行的，第十二王朝的年代從西元前1963年到西元前1786年<sup id="cite_ref-Kitchen_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitchen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。拉美西斯或<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E7%81%B5%E7%8E%8B%E8%A1%A8" title="都灵王表">都靈王表</a>（都靈紙莎草文獻）說的213年（西元前1991-1778），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%B4%BE%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理查·安東尼·派克（页面不存在）">派克</a>將其縮減到206年（西元前1991-1785），基於西元前1872年7月17日作為天狼周起始日期（第12王朝的120年，添加閏日漂移30日）。在派克調查陰曆日期之前，第12王朝被定位為西元前2007-1794年的213年，第120年解釋為西元前1888年7月21年；然後是西元前2003-1790年，第120年解釋為1884年7月20日。 </p><p>第三次觀察是在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%92%99%E9%9C%8D%E7%89%B9%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="阿蒙霍特普一世">阿蒙霍特普一世</a>統治時期，假設是在底比斯進行的，他的統治日期在西元前1525年至1504年之間。如果在孟菲斯，赫利奧波利斯或其它三角洲遺址製作，正如少數學者仍然在爭論的，第18王朝的整個年表需要延長約20年<sup id="cite_ref-Grimal-1988_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grimal-1988-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">（p.  202）</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="觀測過程和歲差"><span id=".E8.A7.80.E6.B8.AC.E9.81.8E.E7.A8.8B.E5.92.8C.E6.AD.B2.E5.B7.AE"></span>觀測過程和歲差</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：觀測過程和歲差"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>天狼周是兩個不同長度的週期相互作用在一起循環的具體例子，這裡稱為三元循環（tertiary cycle）。在數學上由公式定義為<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{a}}+{\frac {1}{b}}={\frac {1}{t}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>a</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>b</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>t</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{a}}+{\frac {1}{b}}={\frac {1}{t}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d958d6caf1213da7aaf1d4d44e4c3922b5352664" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:12.002ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{a}}+{\frac {1}{b}}={\frac {1}{t}}}"></span>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="調和平均數">調和平均數</a>的一半。在天狼周的情況下，兩個週期是古埃及民用曆和天狼年。 </p><p>天狼年是天狼星在視覺上返回相對於太陽的相同位置的時間長度。以這種方式測量的年因<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B2%E5%B7%AE" title="歲差">軸向進動</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，即地軸相對於太陽的運動而變化。 </p><p>當一顆恆星在日出時上升到當地地平線以上的指定高度時，可以標記恆星每年行進路徑的時間長度。這個高度不一定是第一個可能的能見度的高度，也不一定是觀察到的確切位置。在一年中，每一次連續的日出，恆星都會提前大約四分鐘上升到地平線附近選擇的相同高度。最終，無論選擇什麼高度，恆星都會在日出時返回相同的相對位置。這個時間長度可以稱為「觀察年」。平均而言，靠近黃道或黃道子午線的恆星將表現出接近恆星年365.2564天的觀測年。黃道和子午線將天空切割成四個象限。地軸的擺動，緩慢移動觀察者並改變其對事件的觀察。如果軸的擺動使觀測者更接近事件，則其觀測年將縮短。同樣的，當軸擺動使觀測者遠離事件時，觀測年可以延長。這取決於觀察到的現像是天空的哪個象限。 </p><p>天狼年之所以引人注目，因為它的平均持續時間恰好是365.25天，發生在埃及統一前的<span class="nowrap">4th millennium BCE<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。這個數值的緩慢變化也值得注意。如果前王朝時期的觀測和記錄可以得到保留，那麼將在1461年之後回到同一日曆日偕日升的天狼周，在中王朝將下降到大約1456年（儒略年）。If observations and records could have been maintained during predynastic times the Sothic rise would optimally return to the same calendar day after 1461 calendar years. 如果觀測和記錄能够在前王朝時期保持，那麼索蒂奇隆起將在1461行事曆年後最佳地恢復到同一行事曆日。如果人為地維持天狼周偕日升日期，而不是根據很少的觀察進行調整，其方法是每四年將慶祝這一事件的盛宴移動一天，也可以維持1461年的值。 </p><p>人們已經注意到，並且天狼周證實，天狼星不會像其它恆星那樣在天空中逆行，這種被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B2%E5%B7%AE" title="歲差">歲差</a>的廣泛現象： </p> <dl><dd>Sirius remains about the same distance from the equinoxes – and so from the solstices – throughout these many centuries, despite precession. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jed_Buchwald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jed Buchwald（页面不存在）">J.Z. Buchwald</a> (2003)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>出於同樣的原因，天狼星的偕日升或中天不會像其它恆星那樣以每71.6年大約一天的歲差率滑過曆日，而是要慢得多<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。太陽年內的這種顯著穩定性可能是埃及人將其作為日曆基礎的原因之一。天狼星（Sirius）的偕日升與<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E7%B4%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="肯索里努斯">肯索里努斯</a>報導的新年巧合地發生在7月20日左右，也就是夏至之後的一個月。 </p><p>事實上，由於歲差的作用，天狼星的運動與其他恆星完全同步。因此，它相對於分點運動；365.25天的精確協定與儒略曆一致。而在儒略曆中的分點漂移，就是公曆改革的原因。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="問題和批評"><span id=".E5.95.8F.E9.A1.8C.E5.92.8C.E6.89.B9.E8.A9.95"></span>問題和批評</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：問題和批評"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>確定天狼星的偕日升日期已被證明是困難的，特別是考慮到需要知道觀測的確切緯度<sup id="cite_ref-Kitchen_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitchen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另一個問題是，由於埃及曆每四年短少一天，因此連續四年都會在同一天出現偕日升，而對偕日升的任何觀測都可以追溯到這四年中的任何一年，這使得觀測不精確<sup id="cite_ref-Kitchen_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitchen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>許多人對天狼周測年的可靠性提出了批評，有些嚴重到足以認為是有問題的。首先，沒有一項天文觀測的日期提到觀測到它們的特定法老，這迫使埃及古物學家只能根據一定數量的知情猜測的基礎上提供這些資訊。迫使埃及學家在一定數量的知情基礎上猜測與提供這些資訊。其次，在整個埃及歷史過程中，沒有關於民間曆法性質的資訊，這迫使埃及古物學家認為它幾千年來一直沒有變化；埃及人只需要在幾千年內進行一次曆法改革，這些計算就毫無價值。其他批評並不被認為是有問題的，例如，古埃及文字中沒有提到天狼周，這可能只是因為它對埃及人來說太明顯了，不值得提及，或者相關文字隨著時間的推移被銷毀或仍在等待發現。 </p><p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬克·范·德米羅普" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marc Van de Mieroop"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%B1%B3%E7%BE%85%E6%99%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬克·范·德米羅普（页面不存在）">馬克·范·德米羅普</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Van_de_Mieroop" class="extiw" title="en:Marc Van de Mieroop"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marc Van de Mieroop</span></a></span>）</span></span>在他對年表和年代的討論中，根本沒有提到天狼周，並斷言當今大多數歷史學家都認為不可能提出早於西元前8世紀的確切日期<sup id="cite_ref-vdMieroop-2015_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vdMieroop-2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>最近有人聲稱<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%AF%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%88%86%E5%8F%91" title="米诺斯火山爆发">米諾斯火山爆發</a>標誌著<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="埃及第十八王朝">第十八王朝</a>的開始，因為在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" title="阿瓦里斯">阿瓦裡斯</a>廢墟中發現了米諾斯火山灰和浮石，這些灰燼和浮石標誌著希克索斯時代結束的地層中<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。因為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%91%E8%BD%AE%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="树轮年代学">樹木紀年學家</a>的證據表明火山噴發發生在西元前1626年，這被認為表明天狼周的測年在第18王朝開始時已經偏離了0-80年<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。聲稱米諾斯火山噴發是在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E8%B5%AB%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="雅赫摩斯一世">雅赫摩斯一世</a>的「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="暴風雨石碑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tempest Stele"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9A%B4%E9%A2%A8%E9%9B%A8%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="暴風雨石碑（页面不存在）">暴風雨石碑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempest_Stele" class="extiw" title="en:Tempest Stele"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tempest Stele</span></a></span>）</span></span>」上描述的<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但一直受到<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="彼得·詹姆斯 (歷史學家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peter James (historian)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF_(%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·詹姆斯 (歷史學家)（页面不存在）">彼得·詹姆斯 (歷史學家)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_James_(historian)" class="extiw" title="en:Peter James (historian)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peter James (historian)</span></a></span>）</span></span>等歷史學家的質疑<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古代近東年表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chronology of the ancient Near East"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古代近東年表（页面不存在）">古代近東年表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East" class="extiw" title="en:Chronology of the ancient Near East"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chronology of the ancient Near East</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註解"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E8.A7.A3"></span>註解</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：註解"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">日期在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="公曆">公曆</a>內緩慢變化，大約每四個世紀移動三天。現時它發生在8月初左右。</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-lavia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lavia_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lavia_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131225071503/https://www.lavia.org/english/archivo/egyptiancalendaren.html">Ancient Egyptian Civil Calendar</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavia.org/indexIT.html">La Via</a>, <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2017]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527213254/https://www.lavia.org/indexIT.html">存档</a>于2022-05-27）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&rft.atitle=Ancient+Egyptian+Civil+Calendar&rft.btitle=La+Via&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20131225071503%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavia.org%2Fenglish%2Farchivo%2Fegyptiancalendaren.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teacosy-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-teacosy_3-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-teacosy_3-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTetley2014">Tetley (2014)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egyptchronology.com/uploads/2/6/9/4/26943741/ch_3_investigating_ancient_egyptian_calendars.pdf">42</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kitchen-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kitchen_4-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kitchen_4-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kitchen_4-2"><sup><b>3.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kitchen_4-3"><sup><b>3.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kitchen_4-4"><sup><b>3.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kitchen, K.A. The chronology of Ancient Egypt. World Archaeology. October 1991, <b>23</b> (2): 205. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00438243.1991.9980172"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1080/00438243.1991.9980172</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&rft.atitle=The+chronology+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.aufirst=K.A.&rft.aulast=Kitchen&rft.date=1991-10&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=World+Archaeology&rft.pages=205&rft.volume=23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00438243.1991.9980172&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teatime-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-teatime_5-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-teatime_5-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tetley, M. Christine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075421/http://www.egyptchronology.com/vols-1--2.html">The Reconstructed Chronology of the Egyptian Kings</a> <b>I</b>. 2014: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egyptchronology.com/uploads/2/6/9/4/26943741/ch_3_investigating_ancient_egyptian_calendars.pdf">43</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egyptchronology.com/vols-1--2.html">原始内容</a>存档于2017-02-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&rft.aufirst=M.+Christine&rft.aulast=Tetley&rft.btitle=The+Reconstructed+Chronology+of+the+Egyptian+Kings&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=43&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egyptchronology.com%2Fvols-1--2.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meyer-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meyer_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aegyptischechron00meye/page/41/mode/1up?view=theater">Meyer, Eduard, <i>Aegyptische Chronologie</i>, Berlin, Verlag der Königliche Akadamie der Wissenschaften (1904), Ch. I, p.41</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breasted-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Breasted_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyoftheanci034958mbp/page/15/mode/1up?view=theater">Breasted, James Henry, <i>A History of the Ancient Egyptians</i>, New York, Charles Scribner's Sons (1908), Ch. II, p.15</a> ("[T]he calendar year of 365 days was introduced in 4241 B.C., the earliest fixed date in the history of the world as known to us."), citing Meyer.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grimal-1988-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grimal-1988_8-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grimal-1988_8-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grimal-1988_8-2"><sup><b>7.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grimal-1988_8-3"><sup><b>7.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Grimal, Nicolas. A History of Ancient Egypt. Librairie Arthéme Fayard. 1988.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft.aulast=Grimal&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Librairie+Arth%C3%A9me+Fayard&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gautschy, Rita; Habicht, Michael E.; Galassi, Francesco M.; Rutica, Daniela; Rühli, Frank J.; Hannig, Rainer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/journals/jeh/10/2/article-p69_69.xml">A new astronomically-based chronological model for the Egyptian Old Kingdom</a>. Journal of Egyptian History. 17 Nov 2017, <b>10</b> (2): 69–108 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-24</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1874-1657"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1874-1657</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F18741665-12340035"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1163/18741665-12340035</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210719100549/https://brill.com/view/journals/jeh/10/2/article-p69_69.xml">存档</a>于2021-07-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&rft.atitle=A+new+astronomically-based+chronological+model+for+the+Egyptian+Old+Kingdom&rft.au=Galassi%2C+Francesco+M.&rft.au=Habicht%2C+Michael+E.&rft.au=Hannig%2C+Rainer&rft.au=R%C3%BChli%2C+Frank+J.&rft.au=Rutica%2C+Daniela&rft.aufirst=Rita&rft.aulast=Gautschy&rft.date=2017-11-17&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1874-1657&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Egyptian+History&rft.pages=69-108&rft.volume=10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Fjeh%2F10%2F2%2Farticle-p69_69.xml&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F18741665-12340035&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ingham, M.F. The length of the Sothic cycle. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 1969, <b>55</b>: 36–40. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192288579"><span title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID 192288579</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F030751336905500105"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1177/030751336905500105</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&rft.atitle=The+length+of+the+Sothic+cycle&rft.aufirst=M.F.&rft.aulast=Ingham&rft.date=1969&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Egyptian+Archaeology&rft.pages=36-40&rft.volume=55&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A192288579&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F030751336905500105&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">SkyCharts III<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Full_citation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Full citation（页面不存在）">Template:Full citation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jed_Buchwald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jed Buchwald（页面不存在）">Buchwald, Jed Z.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/4096/1/Egyptian.pdf">Egyptian stars under Paris skies</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Engineering and Science. Caltech. Vol. 66 no. 4 (Pasadena, CA: California Institute of Technology). 2003: 20–31 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-07-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714153136/http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/4096/1/Egyptian.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-07-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&rft.atitle=Egyptian+stars+under+Paris+skies&rft.aufirst=Jed+Z.&rft.aulast=Buchwald&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Engineering+and+Science&rft.pages=20-31&rft.volume=66&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalteches.library.caltech.edu%2F4096%2F1%2FEgyptian.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One day per 120 years, see <cite class="citation journal">Winlock, H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-american-philosophical-society_1940_83/page/447">Origin of the Ancient Egyptian calendar</a>. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 1940, <b>83</b>: 447–464.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+Ancient+Egyptian+calendar&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.aulast=Winlock&rft.date=1940&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.pages=447-464&rft.volume=83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_proceedings-of-the-american-philosophical-society_1940_83%2Fpage%2F447&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vdMieroop-2015-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vdMieroop-2015_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Van_de_Mieroop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Van de Mieroop（页面不存在）">van de Mieroop, Marc</a>. A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000–323 BC. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. 2015. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1118718162" title="Special:网络书源/978-1118718162"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1118718162</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.aulast=van+de+Mieroop&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Ancient+Near+East%2C+ca.+3000%E2%80%93323+BC&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1118718162&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ritner, Robert K.; Moeller, Nadine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-near-eastern-studies_2014-04_73_1/page/1">The Ahmose 'Tempest Stela', Thera, and comparative chronology</a>. Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 2014, <b>73</b> (1): 1–19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/675069"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR 10.1086/675069</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161410518"><span title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID 161410518</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F675069"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1086/675069</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&rft.atitle=The+Ahmose+%27Tempest+Stela%27%2C+Thera%2C+and+comparative+chronology&rft.au=Moeller%2C+Nadine&rft.aufirst=Robert+K.&rft.aulast=Ritner&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Near+Eastern+Studies&rft.pages=1-19&rft.volume=73&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1086%2F675069&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161410518&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-near-eastern-studies_2014-04_73_1%2Fpage%2F1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F675069&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_James_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter James (historian)（页面不存在）">James, Peter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centuries.co.uk/index.htm">Centuries of Darkness</a>. London, UK. 1991 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-07-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212002349/https://www.centuries.co.uk/index.htm">存档</a>于2021-02-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=James&rft.btitle=Centuries+of+Darkness&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centuries.co.uk%2Findex.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sothic_Period" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Sothic Period">Sothic Period</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="大英百科全书"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> (第11版). London. 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E5%91%A8&rft.atitle=Sothic+Period&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1911&rft.edition=%28%E7%AC%AC11%E7%89%88%29&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=London&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA" title="Template:年代学导航"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA" title="Template talk:年代学导航"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:年代学导航"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="年代学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="年代学">年代学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;">主要</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学">考古学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學">天文學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="历史">历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E6%AD%B7%E7%A8%8B" title="Template:人類演化歷程">人類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Life_timeline" title="Template:Life timeline">生命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nature_timeline" title="Template:Nature timeline">自然</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="古生物学">古生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="时间">时间</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4" title="纪年">纪年</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">编年方法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="全新世紀年">人类纪年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%BB%BA%E5%9F%8E%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4" title="罗马建城纪年">罗马建城纪年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4" title="基督纪年">基督纪年</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%83" title="公元">公元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83" title="世界紀元">世界纪元</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拜占庭曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Byzantine calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%8E%86" title="拜占庭历">拜占庭曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Byzantine calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Byzantine calendar</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%90%89%E5%8F%A4%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="塞琉古紀年">塞琉古纪年</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西班牙纪年" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spanish era"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西班牙纪年（页面不存在）">西班牙纪年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_era" class="extiw" title="en:Spanish era"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spanish era</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="孔子紀年">孔子纪年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%9D%E4%BB%8A" title="距今">距今</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86" title="伊斯兰历">伊斯兰历</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="古埃及历史年表">古埃及历史年表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天狗周期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sothic cycle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%97%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天狗周期（页面不存在）">天狗周期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sothic_cycle" class="extiw" title="en:Sothic cycle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sothic cycle</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度教时间单位" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hindu units of time"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度教时间单位（页面不存在）">印度教时间单位</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_units_of_time" class="extiw" title="en:Hindu units of time"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hindu units of time</span></a></span>）</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E8%BF%A6" title="宇迦">宇迦</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E7%8E%8B%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="帝王紀年">帝王纪年</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国王标准" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Canon of Kings"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国王标准（页面不存在）">国王标准</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_of_Kings" class="extiw" title="en:Canon of Kings"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Canon of Kings</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国王列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=":Category:King lists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国王列表（页面不存在）">国王列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:King_lists" class="extiw" title="en:Category:King lists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">:Category:King lists</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B7" title="年号">年号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="朝鮮半島年號列表">朝鮮半島年號列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="越南年号列表">越南年号列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="历法">历法</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">儒略前 / 儒略</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%86" title="羅馬曆">儒略前历法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E6%9B%86" title="儒略曆">儒略曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Proleptic Julian calendar" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Proleptic Julian calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proleptic_Julian_calendar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proleptic Julian calendar（页面不存在）">Proleptic Julian</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proleptic_Julian_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Proleptic Julian calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Proleptic Julian calendar</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E6%9B%86" title="儒略改革曆">儒略改革曆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">格里</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8E%86" title="公历">公历</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8E%86" class="mw-redirect" title="前公历">前公历</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E5%BC%8F%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%8F%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F" title="旧式与新式日期">旧式与新式日期</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="向格里曆的过渡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%91%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%86%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="向格里曆的过渡（页面不存在）">向格里曆的过渡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Adoption of the Gregorian calendar</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="双重日期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dual dating"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E9%87%8D%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双重日期（页面不存在）">双重日期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_dating" class="extiw" title="en:Dual dating"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dual dating</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">天文</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3%E5%8E%86" title="阴阳历">阴阳历</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E5%8E%86" title="阳历">阳历</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E5%8E%86" title="阴历">阴历</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E8%A8%88%E5%B9%B4" title="天文計年">天文计年</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%94%AF" title="干支">干支</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地球曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geologic Calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球曆（页面不存在）">地球曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_Calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Geologic Calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geologic Calendar</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%9B%86" title="希伯來曆">希伯來曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9B%86" title="伊朗曆">伊朗曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86" title="伊斯兰历">伊斯兰历</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO%E9%80%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9B%86" title="ISO週日曆">ISO週日曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E6%9B%86" title="瑪雅曆">瑪雅曆</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%80%E6%9B%86" title="長紀曆">長紀曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E6%9B%86#卓爾金曆" title="瑪雅曆">卓尔金曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E6%9B%86#哈布曆" title="瑪雅曆">哈布曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B9%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="阿兹特克历法">阿兹特克历法</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="冬季计数" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="winter count"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冬季计数（页面不存在）">冬季计数</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/winter_count" class="extiw" title="en:winter count"><span lang="en" dir="auto">winter count</span></a></span>）</span></span> (印第安)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天文年代" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Astronomical chronology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天文年代（页面不存在）">天文年代</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_chronology" class="extiw" title="en:Astronomical chronology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Astronomical chronology</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:#fff;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%8E%86" title="宇宙历">宇宙曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%9B%86%E8%A1%A8" title="星曆表">星历表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%B9%B4" title="銀河年">銀河年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E5%86%AC%E7%AB%A0" title="默冬章">默冬章</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E8%98%AD%E7%A7%91%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="米蘭科維奇循環">米蘭科維奇循環</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="地质年代">地质年代</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E6%97%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="深时">深时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="地球地质历史">地球地质历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="地质年代">地质年代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">标准</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%B1%82%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="全球标准地层年代">全球标准地层年代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%95%8C%E7%BA%BF%E5%B1%82%E5%9E%8B%E5%89%96%E9%9D%A2%E5%92%8C%E7%82%B9%E4%BD%8D" title="全球界线层型剖面和点位">全球界线层型剖面和点位</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;">方法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%B1%82%E5%AD%A6" title="年代地层学">年代地层学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="地质年代学">地质年代学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="同位素地质化学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isotope geochemistry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="同位素地质化学（页面不存在）">同位素地质化学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope_geochemistry" class="extiw" title="en:Isotope geochemistry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isotope geochemistry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A0%E8%A6%86%E5%BE%8B" title="叠覆律">叠覆律</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荧光定年法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Luminescence dating"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%A7%E5%85%89%E5%AE%9A%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荧光定年法（页面不存在）">荧光定年法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminescence_dating" class="extiw" title="en:Luminescence dating"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Luminescence dating</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="钐－钕定年法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Samarium-neodymium dating"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%90%EF%BC%8D%E9%92%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钐－钕定年法（页面不存在）">钐－钕定年法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarium-neodymium_dating" class="extiw" title="en:Samarium-neodymium dating"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Samarium-neodymium dating</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="年代测定" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chronological dating"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="年代测定（页面不存在）">年代测定</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological_dating" class="extiw" title="en:Chronological dating"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chronological dating</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9D%E5%AF%B9%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9A" title="绝对年代测定">绝对年代</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="氨基酸定年法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Amino acid dating"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8%E5%AE%9A%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氨基酸定年法（页面不存在）">氨基酸定年法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid_dating" class="extiw" title="en:Amino acid dating"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Amino acid dating</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%A6" title="古地磁学">古地磁学</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古地磁测年法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Archaeomagnetic dating"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%A3%81%E6%B5%8B%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古地磁测年法（页面不存在）">古地磁测年法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeomagnetic_dating" class="extiw" title="en:Archaeomagnetic dating"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Archaeomagnetic dating</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%91%E8%BD%AE%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="树轮年代学">树轮年代学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="冰芯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ice core"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E8%8A%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰芯（页面不存在）">冰芯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_core" class="extiw" title="en:Ice core"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ice core</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Incremental dating" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Incremental dating"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incremental_dating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incremental dating（页面不存在）">Incremental dating</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incremental_dating" class="extiw" title="en:Incremental dating"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Incremental dating</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地衣测年法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lichenometry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A3%E6%B5%8B%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地衣测年法（页面不存在）">地衣测年法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichenometry" class="extiw" title="en:Lichenometry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lichenometry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%9A%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95" title="放射性定年法">放射性定年法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E7%A2%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95" title="放射性碳定年法">放射性碳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%80%E9%93%85%E6%B5%8B%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95" title="铀铅测年法">铀－铅</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%BE%E2%80%94%E6%B0%A9%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9A%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钾—氩年代测定法（页面不存在）">钾－氩</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="火山灰年代学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tephrochronology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%81%B0%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火山灰年代学（页面不存在）">火山灰年代学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tephrochronology" class="extiw" title="en:Tephrochronology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tephrochronology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="光释光测年法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Luminescence dating"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E9%87%8A%E5%85%89%E6%B5%8B%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光释光测年法（页面不存在）">光释光测年法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminescence_dating" class="extiw" title="en:Luminescence dating"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Luminescence dating</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E9%87%8A%E5%85%89%E6%B5%8B%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95" title="热释光测年法">热释光测年法</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%B9%B4" title="相对定年">相对年代</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="氟吸收" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fluorine absorption dating"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%9F%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氟吸收（页面不存在）">氟吸收</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorine_absorption_dating" class="extiw" title="en:Fluorine absorption dating"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fluorine absorption dating</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="氮定年法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nitrogen dating"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%AE%E5%AE%9A%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氮定年法（页面不存在）">氮定年法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_dating" class="extiw" title="en:Nitrogen dating"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nitrogen dating</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黑曜石水合定年法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Obsidian hydration dating"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%9B%9C%E7%9F%B3%E6%B0%B4%E5%90%88%E5%AE%9A%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑曜石水合定年法（页面不存在）">黑曜石水合</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsidian_hydration_dating" class="extiw" title="en:Obsidian hydration dating"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Obsidian hydration dating</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="排序 (考古学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Seriation (archaeology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F_(%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="排序 (考古学)（页面不存在）">排序</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seriation_(archaeology)" class="extiw" title="en:Seriation (archaeology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Seriation (archaeology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地层学 (考古学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stratigraphy (archaeology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%B1%82%E5%AD%A6_(%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地层学 (考古学)（页面不存在）">地层学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy_(archaeology)" class="extiw" title="en:Stratigraphy (archaeology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stratigraphy (archaeology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;">基因法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%90%98" title="分子鐘">分子鐘</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;">语言学方法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="语言年代学">语言年代学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:#cc9;">相关</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E8%AE%B0" title="Category:年代记">年代記</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B7%A8%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B2_(%E7%A6%8F%E7%B7%AC%E7%A7%91)" title="新編年史 (福緬科)">新年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%88%86%E6%9C%9F" title="历史分期">历史分期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="Category:年表">历史年表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Synchronoptic view" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Synchronoptic view"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synchronoptic_view&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synchronoptic view（页面不存在）">Synchronoptic view</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronoptic_view" class="extiw" title="en:Synchronoptic view"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Synchronoptic view</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%BD%B4" title="时间轴">时间轴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/0%E5%B9%B4" title="0年">0年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circa" title="Circa">Circa</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Floruit" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Floruit"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Floruit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floruit（页面不存在）">Floruit</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floruit" class="extiw" title="en:Floruit"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Floruit</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Terminus post quem" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Terminus post quem"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminus_post_quem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminus post quem（页面不存在）">Terminus post quem</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminus_post_quem" class="extiw" title="en:Terminus post quem"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Terminus post quem</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ASPRO年代学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ASPRO chronology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASPRO%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASPRO年代学（页面不存在）">ASPRO年代学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASPRO_chronology" class="extiw" title="en:ASPRO chronology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ASPRO chronology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=天狼周&oldid=82470073">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=天狼周&oldid=82470073</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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