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Joaquín Arderíus y Sánchez-Fortún | Real Academia de la Historia

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</div> </div> </form> </p> </center> </div> </section> </main> </section> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <section class="col-sm-8"> <div class="highlighted"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"><span>Joaquín Arderíus y Sánchez-Fortún</span> </h1> <article role="article" about="/biografias/7706/joaquin-arderius-y-sanchez-fortun" class="bio full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-biografia"> <div class="field field--name-field-biografia field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field--label sr-only">Biografía</div> <div class="field--item"><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Arderíus y Sánchez-Fortún, Joaquín</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">.<b> </b>Lorca (Murcia), V.1885 – Ciudad de México (México), 20.I.1969. Escritor.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Criado en el seno de una familia acomodada y educado en un colegio religioso madrileño, como alumno interno, completó su formación con estudios de ingeniería en la Universidad de Lieja. Pero fue la actividad política lo que le atrajo y le ocupó desde muy pronto, simultaneada con la literatura.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Mantuvo una abierta actitud de oposición durante la dictadura de Primo de Rivera, por lo que sufrió frecuentes y cortos encarcelamientos, y fue en la cárcel donde trabó amistad con personajes como Marcelino Domingo o Valle-Inclán. Acabó, por tanto, aportando ideas, con su literatura, a la etapa revolucionaria y contestataria que se abría como prolegómeno a la República, y durante la vigencia de la misma. En esa dirección hay que reseñar la fundación, por parte de Arderíus, de la editorial Oriente (en 1927) junto a otros colegas (Díaz Fernández, Balbontín, Díaz Caneja, Justino Azcárate y Jiménez Siles); pero su mejor empresa editorial fue la revista <i>Nueva España </i>(en colaboración con el mencionado Díaz Fernández y Antonio Espina) en 1930, y dirigida a los sectores sociales y culturales españoles más situados en la izquierda ideológica. Una publicación que, para cumplir tal objetivo, contó con colaboraciones de Zugazagoitia, Gorkin y Sender, entre otros. Su inequívoco republicanismo le llevó a participar, como civil, en el desgraciado levantamiento de Jaca, y durante la guerra de 1936 ocupó la presidencia del Socorro Rojo Internacional. En 1939 marchó al exilio, primero a Francia y después a México, en donde ejerció funciones de agregado de prensa en la embajada del Gobierno republicano, y finalmente logró un modesto empleó en el Ministerio de Educación Nacional de aquel país.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Toda su obra literaria se produce y edita antes de la Guerra Civil, pues durante su largo exilio se limitó a esporádicas colaboraciones en prensa y a la redacción, de encargo, de una biografía de don Juan de Austria.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Entre 1915 y 1936, Arderíus fue incrementando un marcado prestigio como novelista y columnista de prensa. Hasta una docena de novelas tiene en su haber, además de una novelada biografía sobre el capitán Fermín Galán, en colaboración con José Díaz- Fernández, su gran valedor en los medios literarios de aquellos años. A lo largo de su trayectoria, Arderíus evoluciona desde un marcado expresionismo inicial hacia la novela de abierto compromiso social, sin perder la costumbre de insertar en sus textos retahílas de metáforas encadenadas e imágenes en serie, que recuerdan las greguerías de Ramón. En la novela <i>La espuela </i>se hace una severa, e irónica al tiempo, crítica del donjuanismo, del matrimonio y de las ardides femeninas para domeñar voluntades masculinas que parecerían ingobernables e irreducibles. Pero la faceta de novelista social y comprometido se nota especialmente en los libros <i>El comedor de la pensión Venecia </i>y, sobre todo, en la titulada <i>Campesinos, </i>en torno a una fallida sublevación de jornaleros, como un adelanto de lo que poco después iba a ocurrir, realmente, en lugares como Casas Viejas. <i>Así me fecundó Zaratustra </i>es una de sus obras más sorprendentes y originales, en la que se analiza la derrota del superhombre a través del personaje de un escritor alucinado. Con ella Arderíus ofrece una de las visiones más grotescas y pesimistas de la sociedad de su tiempo. En conjunto, fue un narrador extraño y singular, en la novela de su tiempo.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Obras de ~: <i>Así me fecundó Zaratustra: recuerdos de una exmujer, </i>Madrid, Rivadeneyra, 1923; <i>La duquesa de Nit, </i>Madrid, Pueyo, 1926; <i>La espuela, </i>Madrid, Sociedad General Española de Librería, 1927; <i>Justo el Evangélico, </i>Madrid, Historia Nueva, 1929; <i>El comedor de la pensión Venecia, </i>Madrid, Zeus, 1930; <i>Campesinos, </i>Madrid, Zeus, 1931 (Madrid, Ayuso, 1980; Madrid, Gorki, 2003); <i>Vida de Fermín Galán: biografía política, </i>Madrid, Zeus, 1931; <i>Lumpenproletariado </i>Madrid, La Novela Roja, 1931; <i>Crimen, </i>Madrid, Castro, 1934.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Bibl.: V. Fuentes, “De la novela expresionista a la revolucionaria- proletaria: en torno a la narrativa de Joaquín Arderíus”, en <i>Papeles de Son Armadans, </i>179 (1971), págs. 197-215; M. F. Vilches de Frutos. “El subjetivismo como constante vital: la trayectoria literaria de J. Arderius”, en <i>Dicenda. Cuadernos de Filología Hispánica </i>III (1984), págs. 141-161; C. Malaxecheverría, <i>Expressionism, its impact on the narrative of Joaquín Arderius, </i>Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1988; J. Mula Acosta, <i>La narrativa de Joaquín Arderíus: constantes de una evolución del expresionismo al nuevo romanticismo, </i>Murcia, Universidad, 1991; J. C. Miller, “Joaquín Arderíus, social novelsit of the avant-garde: reminiscences, correspondence and criticism”, en <i>Letras peninsulares </i>(ejemplar dedicado a <i>La otra cara del 27: la novela social española, 1923-1939), </i>vol. 6, n.º 1 (1993), págs. 235-247; R. Jiménez Madrid, “Joaquín Arderius: del Yo al compromiso”, en <i>Murgetana, </i>n.º 96 (1997), págs. 103- 116; J. Mula Acosta, “Joaquín Arderius: ideología y novela”, en P. Guerrero Ruiz (coord.), <i>Lorca, taller del tiempo </i>(Primer Congreso de la Asociación de Licenciados y Doctores Españoles en Estados Unidos. Lorca, 2004), Murcia, Universidad, 2005, págs. 177-201;</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> M. Aznar Soler y J. R. López García (eds.), <i>Diccionario biobibliográfico de los escritores, editoriales y revistas del exilio republicano de 1939</i>, vol. 1, Sevilla, Renacimiento, 2016, págs. 193-196.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Gregorio Torres Nebrera</span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-4" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-preguntasfrecuentes" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentbb506541-4315-4ede-8b34-510511732f52 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><a href="/preguntas-frecuentes">Preguntas frecuentes</a></p> 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