CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c73dcc091e797e',cH: 'TsJ1BFqvGjp8EHdl96xzruZy31rRl2884edTCeZ9M3A-1741320608-1.2.1.1-0kFHjuQq21lrt4ZfD4BVmioQkY.qjeeccAmM9vyW3thLj1ObSLpTKDcBHH0q_Qxz',cUPMDTk: "\/8628\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=4qYTAN82RS1f20733Cpye3JHggYprAmflOyEQ65F7y8-1741320608-1.0.1.1-r3K0ANedxe_mQ.seKkNJqBJtCHiuVNu98buBFAuxlzY",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741320608',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/8628\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=4qYTAN82RS1f20733Cpye3JHggYprAmflOyEQ65F7y8-1741320608-1.0.1.1-r3K0ANedxe_mQ.seKkNJqBJtCHiuVNu98buBFAuxlzY",md: ".GO.rI9pRzlUAHGBgro8d3XHGK3GUMH28EGXc0bi.gU-1741320608-1.2.1.1-AQfxK3H10bC2hEkq06Mhi1SQaQnNRA1.acAv_dicH_7vFSC5GCQ3vcu.7oSakuuRdtfrwo6XpnD_n.iUoZ4CSU7zyBEYVyYtDoLH4WwGvJ4rWIxo8vLu_PT1cdqeNqSFRvrv0gedhJk.6kMptCh0iEZyVxkZaB4dBDnV5_0K8KcFYJIV.GJT8ECGWBhnOU.J61wIGo.m9iTBRT8nlbMVQ9krfmaH37G0VAWtz7UUfZO3oE4BRnJWnzYDHSOk1GeIvjG2IamlO_QXT.aXfJzybT8zqPYKh8hdUOFI.Q_FonoLXOmcrbOspg4gzjp7o.6iT9ly2mhixy7Rf1KN.TxhxOTlutXNnVruXDOGEfhUvfqp.nn37Odr2KTjcQMM5kcXaLNfAxBRG122G7K45X1aJWXHJ6Qja0JukL_5OiTdWb4r3JNb87Gl5eIFuyxjMM7567vNdE3k0elNfuNfC9tvKASgVxn4U95jKFH6HvETygsw02LHWKn4ta8zQ.9aMJct2Tj.UdPZzmdr3CEvLBYSI3iSOxu.EOe8ETT2rus40_EY_bV8oEayOpTvVWBiBy_Ehwv7ITc3tJpgoGECq25OZgvKr3kZ1VFGq9wPPIx6931hVkhawLBz30qSw5341O4V5sr7QvKfEuE.RCPfw0Fczk0SUGVSUnLI7pepam2S4lYslPyHHbD1sdw77RmYxBV2m0.t87MHLBz1OppjGKyRP7k.XtZ4fTmGaH8dz4Vp92aur6EC_xAN4RhbPoy.BNkU_FYM3KRV8eDx2Wz66kBqQRuuaPbKgsrTUZF7Yx3sc1dJqvxgzPW5VkWTjKuRa7q_7IO3gNK7jwE.m5kHSc65x1GSqrY3Vu1s6.0YuKPF9RVaHoZYuohvrXJrGCvpFGHhbsiowBVpBvn.C06v7gPF5muLz0LHoJnfy17ypoJdVAlcI8BBTwK9lbXjRXOfnHqeDF4waDaPXkxjTxt.ZwoqnHsNAgeU8SKa5MeV7nd90mqMhkxNVTorFsAXq9CkefXyEkxkZV6lCW5enePM6MiYSO_dQDreSBdm_tN07ggCDYPQIOn9v8c.LxgBQyMc9dhuHnuMJomEHGMAIfK1fB8r8KZUbTZQizPO6t1iYhp2gcHiMVTcrBsbue9KQ92TgjnDyg4pBJlIjeTiktGmCdbp56wckurs7BTCOODCghzdtf2DrhoIQQ9gCgEs6.6uWPJ3_Lu2A_8Ccf5CUETGtK2ANA",mdrd: "jRGJdWlM79hsiN_yb0R8Mv44ZIFYjE.fMCBnKgNEbFw-1741320608-1.2.1.1-ffxoU7lOZRWA2_PXs_yuRUl7bixbxmV.2_X47CmiHJi34wYrWDwJJ44.ds3.3NpKKupJTnvNp8N38svSyqOPLc.6XnDuy3fL7t07lBKwdQSNAMHFje19B_5KQqmMrR.03wRjYYsxYiFNO3rOFmRM2l2LLjfYWGXNAc98Y7VO92U9xmAOawoMqI9D4jw_RkeO.fCiZ8XY35RtUPLa2EFj422zA6NRPUrXFJQhlCI61MfJ7EHmDc_.EF.DtsGD7ZjC7W.NhBDf2a4CYo5IQrRjLXIssp9wprm0GtJzWwgVoGQmnP1oOHWuvpi.Cmr1f1ihC8mcX.v0JGis4PAFD3eUCb5wGt10dKtBwBR7XGB8LCw0AQ.KrxeA.phgOkyEc7Y036uabd.qouB_lczgKTO3oXFVbMO2QC_cX278XK64Jws9XL4pl2cRrqRxzclkJywXZerbwiI0cbguNzn2RVUEunAci1JD5yOsHGMe7SbDKERm4U0gwGs_Y_zJf0_xaIdtr1I3ob_djzX6C.0PHgjoJrFQWY9ACANcK2vhkAGiUHPMTEXF6Yj7qdV.Bi49001AOfXSGsS_nAhjFBV3Dzu1jACjyhdqbLl2E.DopsohD17UQotamaOIg5xcbjoF3UgM3vf02JYIylPqjYNLtXNlGHLaHXIwwfpD7jMR65qPF5pt0K9Mv0u.F_wZC0n6hAWPQ2KV8_70auTiuv3LkZcRsbcDazgEZ3XWkRokW0jR9M10xfo2hDjEMIKmCL_rUwQSeXsC3qGZC6iSl4vt7VM55oCIbqyh9yaC8AXiKruSjjDMgkzFTCfQ9sHSfP3GnPjAr_AtJL0rrVGtC71FNxAyqwXcN8Pf2jzOcGm06y4wJnBOAK0jpRWLXPBUuG93DOBJFLm4KWpYFHV74.rTPRxq_wnxL9uW8zj3mEZrK3q1W7iGtY_repe9Usi_Kr8XY62ruG9H2yhlWyQcxVpi2LXMfUakipqayQSyWTdRXvyD1LNaq6CNa6kX6L2d9Vdl6NWvFjIaEkoOxscsfsE3GwRi4TRE7dwoRP2a6uvBQkDbHK4WQd4a4TJc5lKVn4QMvm0qsxNGgjBVtCyFvSC2YNBX3_zf52CxhgDLcJDU6eeB9_ArZpVO3VcdO4.WpFsDEs96dVQUU6g6_I2g5Pd6k8QekD5OZkamDX4bezK0pSfHuUJoUH6y8wDv8ucBkf8sL.ChxEfv03y7CuCOqBhrt6QsuoGR6TZuH65vEYG076Lvzbs6quO5IqKS3BPjll0pUcoYgEkGkVh_MauIVAEnKMtPNc9iQcC_D23o2WEkV0qhAXxMYdNqdmSxc.f16H26g9tlZEm0B_tzEVc9hCUdaLYDjRfJfzCAFB8rPtTWqeP1bZ7i7b1bynsmZpWPA0izRPi3cOzVnM374.M1t6rImmMnswq2HmDzvknA._YbT7WGZwLOPz76Y8Thzm3UMQgPoIl8_B4QUxlHsW1JpOJF21Ocz1H9MkaekjMuO2jkUU9.cp5N6zjR1FSn3.Nwnnn92_NYNscoa5kbi9FzCZcsmk6Z1eneNU2b3BTGVHoaA3VIMgHeoU5FdWq6OtG5doeH2vuR6c1hg.F6nSA1NS8jmjpeeHujHF0VowfZm78eSBUQZzP9hGCyouL5ICdCEIqAAqPbG19Gj_Wb0guJnLL0NMad1lMOT84p7FdpHga4wy81e09d25l_kqNmtFXAJs6Rkp8VncH68c7WiX0kDgJqiAIhtz_m2kCmFBlpNn9y7ei50bPusRzjnnXxXiUKP_VD8ng1xZ.r5JiBTDlW4aZyoqy9a.QSx7BoSnwUq8yRBJb3pNhqE1fRZxvRm5r_k61TKbTpuMMYI3uxSUuvKyKxiT6L5HD5h.RIFM2dDWBLg2pLN_L8SeV33wzlsvPhrjzyywQ6pGFV1OzkdJXxqZOmp0V2fEx6lG.xQG_EtXSDFfty3Gfeg06tPubsFT3UKaQmADkawzznN6jnM8BNDe5KTRQu.A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c73dcc091e797e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/8628\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=4qYTAN82RS1f20733Cpye3JHggYprAmflOyEQ65F7y8-1741320608-1.0.1.1-r3K0ANedxe_mQ.seKkNJqBJtCHiuVNu98buBFAuxlzY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>