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<!DOCTYPE html> <html><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>孝械褏薪芯褋褎械褉邪 - 袘懈斜谢懈芯褌械泻邪泻谢懈屑邪褌械褏薪懈泻邪</title> <meta name="keywords" content="..."> <meta name="description" content="..."> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="uYRECSoWK3kriGRvkUD9v4xhAT__CzzPv3F7EUDIRYE" /> <meta name="yandex-verification" content="7f33e48e5596db06" /> <link href="https://www.technosphera.ru/main8.css" rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" /> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon_tsphera.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon_tsphera.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.technosphera.ru/js/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.technosphera.ru/js/jquery.dimensions.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.technosphera.ru/js/browser.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.technosphera.ru/js/supermodal.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.technosphera.ru/js/foto.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ var redirectMode=0; var modalAjaxSgn=-1; // 袙芯蟹胁褉邪褖邪械褌蟹薪邪褔械薪懈械泻褍泻懈 function getCookie(name) { var matches = document.cookie.match(new RegExp( "(?:^|; )" + name.replace(/([\.$?*|{}\[\]\\\/\+^])/g, '\\$1') + "=([^;]*)" )); // return matches ? decodeURIComponent(matches[1]) : ''; return matches ? matches[1] : ''; } function get_with_www(url){ var s=url+'/'; if (s.match(/^https?\:\/\/[^\.\?]+\.[^\.\?]+(\/|\?)/i)) url=url.replace(/^http\:\/\//i,'http://www.').replace(/^https\:\/\//i,'https://www.'); return url; } // 袪械写懈褉械泻褌薪邪 url 褋 www function redirect_mode(){ if (0) return false; var url=document.location.href; var url2=get_with_www(url); if (url!=url2) { redirectMode=1; document.location.href=url2; }; }; redirect_mode(); $(document).ready(function(){ if (redirectMode) return false; $('#smpLoginForm').attr('action',get_with_www($('#smpLoginForm').attr('action'))); if ($('#BlockTaggedArticles').length==0) $('#BlockArticles').show(); if ($('#BlockTaggedReports').length==0) $('#BlockReports').show(); if ($('#BlockTaggedEvents').length==0) $('#BlockEvents').show(); if ($('#BlockTaggedNews').length==0 && $('#BlockNews a.hidden').length) $('#BlockNews').show(); modalAjaxDone (); $('a.a_link').each(function(n,el) { $(el).attr('href', $(el).attr('data-href')); }); $('#DOM_loading').hide(); $('#DOM_ready').show(); $('#reklama_links_1').css('height',$('#reklama_links_2').height()+'px'); $(window).resize(function(){ resize_win(); }); ysearch_focus(0); $('div.panel_left, div.panel_right').addClass('height100'); $('div.panel_left').prepend( '<div class="height100" style="position:absolute; left:0px; top:0px; z-index:2;'+ ' background:url(/img/tsphera/shadow_left.png) repeat-y left top; width:10px"></div>'+ '<a class="ui" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="this.blur(); return panel_hide()">'+ '<div class="height100" style="position:absolute; right:-14px; top:0px; z-index:2;'+ ' background:url(/img/tsphera/bg_bar_left.gif) repeat-y left top; width:14px">'+ '<img src="/img/tsphera/arrow_col_left.gif" width="6" height="9" alt=""'+ ' style="position:absolute; right:4px; top:327px; border:none" /></div></a>'+ '<div class="height100" style="position:absolute; right:-24px; top:0px;'+ ' background:url(/img/tsphera/shadow_left.png) repeat-y left top; width:10px"></div>' ); $('div.panel_right').prepend( '<div class="height100" style="position:absolute; right:0px; top:0px; z-index:2;'+ ' background:url(/img/tsphera/shadow_right.png) repeat-y right top; width:10px"></div>'+ '<a class="ui" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="this.blur(); return panel_hide()">'+ '<div class="height100" style="position:absolute; left:-14px; top:0px; z-index:2;'+ ' background:url(/img/tsphera/bg_bar_right.gif) repeat-y right top; width:14px">'+ '<img src="/img/tsphera/arrow_col_right.gif" width="6" height="9" alt=""'+ ' style="position:absolute; left:4px; top:327px; border:none" /></div></a>'+ '<div class="height100" style="position:absolute; left:-24px; top:0px;'+ ' background:url(/img/tsphera/shadow_right.png) repeat-y right top; width:10px"></div>' ); $('a.panel').attr('href','javascript:void(0)').click(function(){ var id=$(this).blur().attr('name'); var el=$('#'+id); var side = $(el).hasClass('panel_left') ? 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href="https://www.technosphera.ru/">谐谢邪胁薪邪褟</a></div> <div style="float:right" align="right"><a class="title ui" target="_top" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/tsphera_en?lang=en"><img src="/img/tsphera/lang_en.png" style="width:23px; height:14px; border:none; margin-right:4px; vertical-align:middle" alt="" />eng</a></div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </span></div>      <script> function ysearch_submit() { var f=document.yandex_search_form; f.searchid.value= $(f).find('input[name=yandex_search_area]:checked').val()=='1' ? 1510549 : 2065407; f.submit(); return false; }; </script> <div style="padding:0px 10px 10px 16px"> <form name="yandex_search_form" method="get" action="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/ysearch" onsubmit="return ysearch_submit()"> <input type="hidden" name="searchid" value="1510549" /> <span class="smaller1 std">袩芯懈褋泻:</span> <div id="ysearch_div" style="border:#c8c8c8 1px solid; padding:3px 5px 3px 5px; background:#f5f5f5"> <input type="text" id="ysearch_input" name="text" onfocus="ysearch_focus(true)" onblur="ysearch_focus(false)" class="middle" maxlength="255" style="width:150px; background:transparent; border:none; font-size:12px; color:#000" value="" /></div> <div style="height:3px"></div> <span class="smaller2 std middle"> <label class="middle"><input name="yandex_search_area" class="box" type="radio" value="2" checked="checked" /> 薪邪褋邪泄褌械孝械褏薪芯褋褎械褉邪</label><br> <label class="middle"><input name="yandex_search_area" class="box" type="radio" value="1" /> 薪邪胁褋械褏褋邪泄褌邪褏袪袠笑</label> </span> </form> </div>    <div style="padding:0px 10px 10px 15px" align="right"><span class="bigger1 std"> <span class="smaller1"><a class="panel title ui" name="panel_auth">袙褏芯写</a></span> <div style="height:20px"></div> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/tsphera_about">袨泻芯屑锌邪薪懈懈</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="panel title ui" name="panel_journals">袞褍褉薪邪谢褘</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="panel 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src="/images/ready/12/766_649212.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">袣褉邪褋薪芯胁挟.小.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/464">小懈褋褌械屑褘胁械薪褌懈谢褟褑懈懈懈泻芯薪写懈褑懈芯薪懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟. 袪械泻芯屑械薪写邪褑懈懈锌芯锌褉芯械泻褌懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褞写谢褟锌褉芯懈蟹胁芯写褋褌胁械薪薪褘褏懈芯斜褖械褋褌胁械薪薪褘褏蟹写邪薪懈泄</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> </span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div style="float:left; padding-top:30px"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/177"><img class="image" src="/images/ready/12/767_693027.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">袗薪邪薪褜械胁袙.袗., 袘邪谢褍械胁邪袥.袧., 袦褍褉邪褕泻芯袙.袩.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/177">小懈褋褌械屑褘胁械薪褌懈谢褟褑懈懈懈泻芯薪写懈褑懈芯薪懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟孝械芯褉懈褟懈锌褉邪泻褌懈泻邪</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> </span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div style="float:left; padding-top:30px"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/367"><img class="image" src="/images/ready/12/768_927088.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">小械屑械薪芯胁挟.袙.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/367">小懈褋褌械屑褘泻芯薪写懈褑懈芯薪懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟胁芯蟹写褍褏邪褋锌芯胁械褉褏薪芯褋褌薪褘屑懈胁芯蟹写褍褏芯芯褏谢邪写懈褌械谢褟屑懈</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> 420 褉褍斜.</span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div style="float:left; padding-top:30px"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/179"><img class="image" src="/images/ready/12/769_235503.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">袘械谢芯胁邪袝. 袦.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/179">小懈褋褌械屑褘泻芯薪写懈褑懈芯薪懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟胁芯蟹写褍褏邪褋褔懈谢谢械褉邪屑懈懈褎褝薪泻芯泄谢邪屑懈</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> 636 褉褍斜.</span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div style="float:left; padding-top:30px"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/173"><img class="image" src="/images/ready/12/770_848184.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">袠蟹械谢褜褌袩., 袗褉薪写褌校., 袙懈谢褜泻械袦.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/173">校胁谢邪卸薪械薪懈械胁芯蟹写褍褏邪. 小懈褋褌械屑褘懈锌褉懈屑械薪械薪懈械</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> 370 褉褍斜.</span> </div> 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孝械褏薪芯褋褎械褉邪 - 袘懈斜谢懈芯褌械泻邪泻谢懈屑邪褌械褏薪懈泻邪