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class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_Gerber_(revoked)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Standard Gerber (revoked) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_Gerber_(revoked)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_PCB_formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_PCB_formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Other PCB formats </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_PCB_formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Gerber format</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" > 13 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format_Gerber" title="Format Gerber – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Format Gerber" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber-fil" title="Gerber-fil – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gerber-fil" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber-Format" title="Gerber-Format – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gerber-Format" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber_(formato_de_archivo)" title="Gerber (formato de archivo) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gerber (formato de archivo)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber_(format_de_fichier)" title="Gerber (format de fichier) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gerber (format de fichier)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber" title="Gerber – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gerber" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B0%EB%B2%84_%ED%8F%AC%EB%A7%B7" title="거버 포맷 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="거버 포맷" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Gerber" title="File Gerber – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="File Gerber" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="ガーバーフォーマット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガーバーフォーマット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber" title="Gerber – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Gerber" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerberfil" title="Gerberfil – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gerberfil" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Standard file format used for designing printed circuit boards</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid 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Please improve this article by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gerber+format%22">"Gerber format"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gerber+format%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gerber+format%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gerber+format%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gerber+format%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gerber+format%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (September 2019) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">Gerber format</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:GbrX2_128x128_white_bg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/GbrX2_128x128_white_bg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">.gbr</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><div class="monospaced"> application/vnd.gerber</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">com.ucamco.gerber.image</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ucamco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ucamco (page does not exist)">Ucamco</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">27 August 1980; 44 years ago (1980-08-27)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Revision 2023.08 30 August 2023; 14 months ago (2023-08-30) </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Image file formats">Image file format</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">Standard</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Gerber Format Specification</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ucamco.com/en/gerber">https://www.ucamco.com/en/gerber</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Gerber format is an <a href="/wiki/Open_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Open format">open</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>, <a href="/wiki/File_formats#Vector_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="File formats">vector format</a> for <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">printed circuit board</a> (PCB) designs.<a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a> It is the <a href="/wiki/De_facto_standard" title="De facto standard">de facto standard</a> used by PCB industry software to describe the printed circuit board images: copper layers, solder mask, legend, drill data, etc.<a href="#cite_note-Williams2004-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schroeder1998-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Blackwell2000-4">[4]</a> The standard file extension is <code>.GBR</code> or <code>.gbr</code><a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a> though other extensions like <code>.GB</code>, <code>.geb</code> or <code>.gerber</code> are also used. It is documented by The Gerber Layer Format Specification and some related (but less universally supported) extensions such as XNC drill files and GerberJob to convey information about the entire PCB, as opposed to single layers. Gerber is used in PCB fabrication data.<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a> PCBs are designed on a specialized <a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">electronic design automation</a> (EDA) or a <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board#Design" title="Printed circuit board">computer-aided design</a> (CAD) system.<a href="#cite_note-EDA:_Where_Electronics_Begins-6">[6]</a> The CAD systems output PCB fabrication data to allow fabrication of the board. This data typically contains a Gerber file for each image layer (copper layers, solder mask, <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board#Legend_printing" title="Printed circuit board">legend or silk</a>...). Gerber is also the standard image input format for all bare board fabrication equipment needing image data, such as <a href="/wiki/Photoplotter" title="Photoplotter">photoplotters</a>, legend printers, direct imagers or <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board#Inner_layer_automated_optical_inspection_(AOI)" title="Printed circuit board">automated optical inspection</a> (AOI) machines and for viewing reference images in different departments. For assembly the fabrication data contains the solder paste layers and the central locations of components to create the <a href="/wiki/Stencil_printing" title="Stencil printing">stencil</a> and place and bond the components.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> There are two major generations of Gerber format: <ul><li>Extended Gerber, or RS-274X. This is the current Gerber format. In 2014, the graphics format was extended with the option to add meta-information to the graphics objects. Files with attributes are called X2 files; those without attributes are X1 files.<a href="#cite_note-X2_FAQ-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a></li> <li>Standard Gerber, or RS-274-D. This obsolete format was revoked.<a href="#cite_note-rev_I1-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-tavernier-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Letter_Standard_Gerber-11">[11]</a></li></ul> The official website contains the specification,<a href="#cite_note-TheSpec-12">[12]</a> test files, notes and the Reference Gerber Viewer<a href="#cite_note-RGV-13">[13]</a> to support users and especially developers of Gerber software.<a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="PCB_fabrication_data">PCB fabrication data</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerber_format&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: PCB fabrication data">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Openbiosprog-spi_PCB_Kicad_0.1_(4935009830).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Openbiosprog-spi_PCB_Kicad_0.1_%284935009830%29.png/220px-Openbiosprog-spi_PCB_Kicad_0.1_%284935009830%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Openbiosprog-spi_PCB_Kicad_0.1_%284935009830%29.png/330px-Openbiosprog-spi_PCB_Kicad_0.1_%284935009830%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Openbiosprog-spi_PCB_Kicad_0.1_%284935009830%29.png/440px-Openbiosprog-spi_PCB_Kicad_0.1_%284935009830%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1343" data-file-height="649" /></a><figcaption>View of a Gerber format file</figcaption></figure> PCBs are designed on a specialized <a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">electronic design automation</a> (EDA) or a <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board#Design" title="Printed circuit board">computer-aided design</a> (CAD) system.<a href="#cite_note-EDA:_Where_Electronics_Begins-6">[6]</a> The CAD systems then outputs <a href="#Guide">PCB fabrication data</a> to allow fabrication of the board.<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a> Fabrication data contains a Gerber file for each image layer and drill span (copper layers, solder mask, <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board#Legend_printing" title="Printed circuit board">legend or silk</a>...) (For historic reasons drill data is also transferred in <a href="/wiki/PCB_NC_formats" title="PCB NC formats">NC formats</a> although Gerber files are often of better quality.)<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Typically, all these files are "<a href="/wiki/Zip_(file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zip (file format)">zipped</a>" into a single archive that is sent to the PCB bare board fabrication shop. The fabricator loads them into a <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board#Manufacturing" title="Printed circuit board">computer-aided manufacturing</a> (CAM) system to prepare data for each step of the <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board#Manufacturing" title="Printed circuit board">PCB production process</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PCB_layout_data-15">[15]</a> The .FileFunction attribute is the standardized method to link each layer in the PCB with its corresponding Gerber file in the fabrication data.<a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a>: Section 5.6.3 of the 202308 release of the Gerber Layer Format Specification  If attributes are not supported, then only informal methods are available. A simple informal method is to express the file function clearly in the file name. Sometimes the file extension is abused to indicate the file function - e.g. .BOT for the bottom layer rather than the standard extension .GBR.<a href="#cite_note-tavernier-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In industry this is considered poor practice and engineers should use the appropriate X2 attribute instead. PCB Fabrication Data must comply with a number of rules: all layers must be aligned, a profile layer must be included, etc.<a href="#cite_note-PCBFabricationGuide-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-EC_10_rules-18">[18]</a> The CAD netlist can be embedded in the Gerber files.<a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Netlist_KiCad-19">[19]</a> However, for historic reasons, netlists often are described in a separate file in IPC-D-356A, an electrical test format.<a href="#cite_note-IPC-D-356-20">[20]</a> The material stack up, components and finishes are typically provided in informal text files or drawings.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In 2018 Ucamco has published a specification for an extension of the Gerber format to cover this fabrication documentation.<a href="#cite_note-Fab_doc_final_007-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extended_Gerber">Extended Gerber</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerber_format&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Extended Gerber">edit</a>]</div> RS-274X, extended Gerber or X-Gerber, was originally released in September 1998.<a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a> It is a human readable <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> format.<a href="#cite_note-SinclairDunton2007-23">[23]</a> It consists of a stream of commands generating an ordered stream of graphics objects. The graphics objects can be positive or negative. Superimposed in the correct order they create the final image. A Gerber file contains the complete description of a PCB layer image without requiring any external files. It has all the imaging operators needed for a PCB image. Any aperture shape can be defined. Planes and pads can be specified without the need to <a href="#Painting">paint or vector-fill</a> as in Standard Gerber. (However some implementations still use painting, problematic for the users of those files.)<a href="#cite_note-Painting_Considered_Harmful-24">[24]</a> Released in February 2014, Gerber X2 adds additional metadata to the image.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Attributes allow adding <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> to a Gerber file. Attributes are akin to labels providing information associated with image files, or features within them. Examples of metadata conveyed by attributes are: <ul><li>The function of the file. Is the file the top solder mask, or the bottom copper layer, etc.?</li> <li>The part represented by the file. Does it represent a single PCB, an array, a coupon?</li> <li>The function of a pad. Is the flash an SMD pad, or a via pad, or a fiducial, etc.</li></ul> For more information about attributes see X2 FAQ or intro video in the external links.<a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gerber_X2_movie-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-attributes-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-X2_new_paradigm-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-X2_FAQ-8">[8]</a> In 2020, Gerber X3 was introduced. Fabrication documentation such as finish, overall thickness and materials is specified in a separate Gerber Job File.<a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fab_doc_final_007-22">[22]</a> An example of a Gerber file: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-gcode mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>G04 Short version a file taken from the Example Job 1, created by Filip Vermeire, Ucamco* %TF.FileFunction,Copper,Bot,L4*% %TF.FilePolarity,Positive*% %TF.Part,Single*% %FSLAX36Y36*% %MOMM*% %TA.AperFunction,Conductor*% %ADD10C,0.15000*% %TA.AperFunction,ViaPad*% %ADD11C,0.75000*% %TA.AperFunction,ComponentPad*% %ADD12C,1.60000*% %ADD13C,1.70000*% G01* G75* %LPD*% D10* X76649990Y36899980D02* X83949950D01* X84399990Y37349990D01* X93699990D01* D11* X76649990Y36899985D03* X83599990Y18749980D03* X98829985Y36504980D03* D12* X460298855Y784148855D03* D13* X107299765Y20629885D03* X109839765D03* X112379765D03* M02* </pre></div> The format specification is published at the official website.<a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheSpec-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standard_Gerber_(revoked)">Standard Gerber (revoked)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerber_format&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Standard Gerber (revoked)">edit</a>]</div> Standard Gerber was <a href="/wiki/Deprecation#Software_deprecation" title="Deprecation">revoked</a> in 2014. It was already obsolete after the introduction of the much more capable Extended Gerber in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-tavernier-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Letter_Standard_Gerber-11">[11]</a> Standard Gerber was a <a href="/wiki/Numerical_control" title="Numerical control">numerical control</a> (NC) format designed by Gerber Systems Corp to drive their vector photo plotters for the PCB industry in the 1960s and 1970s. It was a subset of the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Industries_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Industries Association">Electronic Industries Association</a> <a href="/wiki/RS-274-D" class="mw-redirect" title="RS-274-D">RS-274-D</a> specification, a format to drive mechanical NC machines in a wide range of industries.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> It was widely used to drive vector plotters. Standard Gerber was a simple ASCII format consisting of commands and XY coordinates.<a href="#cite_note-D-codes-30">[30]</a> An example: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-gcode mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>D11* X1785250Y2173980D02* X1796650Y2177730D01* X1785250Y2181480D01* X1796650Y2184580D01* D12* X3421095Y1407208D03* X1785250Y2173980D03* M02* </pre></div> A Standard Gerber is an NC standard but not an image description standard: essential image information such the coordinate unit and the apertures definitions are not standardized. (Apertures are the basic shapes, similar to fonts in a PDF file.) They are described in a free-format sidecar text file intended for human reading, called an aperture file or a wheel file. There are no standards for wheel files. The sender and receiver have to agree on their meaning case-by-case.<a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-D-codes-30">[30]</a> Standard Gerber supports only the simple imaging operators that a vector plotter is capable of - drawing tracks and flashing apertures. This is insufficient for efficient PCB fabrication data. Copper pours must be created by painting (aka stroking or vector-filling) them with a vast number of tracks. All but the simplest pads are also painted because of the cost creating a corresponding physical aperture. Painting creates the intended image but results in very large files that take long time to process and need error-prone manual work in CAM.<a href="#cite_note-PCBFabricationGuide-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Painting_Considered_Harmful-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Painting_Pads-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eurocircuits_10_rules-32">[32]</a> Standard Gerber was intended for a manual workflow using an NC machine called a vector photoplotter: the plotter operator loads the paper tape with the Standard Gerber file on the plotter, manually sets the coordinate unit on the machine console and mounts the aperture wheel described in the accompanying wheel file. (An aperture wheel is a rotating disk on which physical apertures are mounted, and by rotating the wheel the photoplotter selects the aperture to use.) Standard Gerber is not suitable for automated data transfer between PCB designers and manufacturers. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerber_format&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> The Gerber file format is named after <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gerber" title="Joseph Gerber">Joseph Gerber</a>, an entrepreneur and inventor who pioneered vector photoplotters.<a href="#cite_note-Inventor-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-history-34">[34]</a> In 1980 Gerber Systems Corp.<a href="#cite_note-history-34">[34]</a> published the first edition of the Gerber Format: a subset of EIA RS-274-D; plot data format reference book,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> a subset of EIA RS-274-D it used to drive their line of vector photoplotters. This format became known as Standard Gerber and was adopted by several other photoplotter vendors. Standard Gerber became the de facto standard image format for PCB fabrication. In 1991 with the availability of the more capable raster photoplotters, the Gerber format was extended with polygon areas and "mass parameters". These allow the user to dynamically define apertures of different shapes and sizes, as well as defining polygon area fills without the need for "painting". It became a superset of RS-274-D standard Gerber. The impetus to develop mass parameters was provided by AT&T.<a href="#cite_note-Coombs2007-36">[36]</a> This created a family of input formats, each one dedicated to a specific Gerber plotter model. In April 1998 Gerber Systems Corp. was taken over by Barco ETS, <a href="/wiki/Barco_(manufacturer)" title="Barco (manufacturer)">Barco</a>'s PCB division, which is now called Ucamco.<a href="#cite_note-history-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barco_acquistion-37">[37]</a> In September 1998 Ucamco published the RS-274X Format User's Guide, a specification which unified the family of formats to a single image format, revoking a large number of model-specific constructs. The format became known as Extended Gerber or GerberX. Extended Gerber quickly superseded Standard Gerber as the de facto standard for PCB image data. This became the de facto image standard for the PCB industry. It is sometimes called "the backbone of the electronics industry". In the course of 2012 the format was comprehensively reviewed in the great reform. A representative library of 10,000 files from all over the world was investigated to establish current practice. Constructs that were rarely or never used were deprecated. Constructs with unclear interpretations were clarified. The specification document was re-organized and its quality improved. This resulted in revision I1 to I4 of the specification, published from December 2012 on. The result was a simple, but powerful format, focused on the current needs of the PCB industry. This version of the Gerber format was developed by Karel Tavernier and Rik Breemeersch from Ucamco.<a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-rev_I1-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-attributes-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-rev_I2-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-rev_I4-39">[39]</a> In June 2013 Ucamco published a proposal to add three new commands to the Gerber format which allow inclusion of image attributes conveying metadata attached to the image and its components. It invited feedback from the Gerber users before committing these ideas to a firm specification. This process resulted in revision J1 in February 2014, updated with further revisions until revision 2015.07. Including metadata adds intelligence to the format. It converts a mere image description format to a full-fledged PCB data transfer format. This is called the second extension and results what is known as Gerber X2, Gerber X1 being the pure image format. Gerber X2 is fully backward compatible with X1, as the attributes do not affect the image. Gerber X2 was developed by Karel Tavernier, Ludek Brukner and Thomas Weyn.<a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-attributes2-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-X2_new_paradigm_2-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-2015.06-42">[42]</a> In September 2014 Ucamco revoked Standard Gerber.<a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-obsolete-43">[43]</a> In August 2015 Ucamco published a draft specification adding nested step and repeat and block apertures to make panel descriptions more efficient, calling for comments from the user community.<a href="#cite_note-Nested-44">[44]</a> The final specification was published in November 2016 after substantial input. This revision was developed by Karel Tavernier and Rik Breemeersch. Shortly afterwards the Cuprum Gerber viewer developed the first implementation.<a href="#cite_note-Nested_2-45">[45]</a> In July 2016 Ucamco published a draft specification to include netlist information in Gerber, calling for input from the user community.<a href="#cite_note-Gerber_Netlist-46">[46]</a> After a number of revisions of the draft triggered by input from users, the draft was finalized on 2 October 2016.<a href="#cite_note-OffWebsite-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Netlist_KiCad-19">[19]</a> In March 2017 Ucamco published a draft specification to include fabrication documentation in Gerber calling for input from the user community.<a href="#cite_note-Gerber_Fab_007-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gerber_Fab_Ucamco-48">[48]</a> There was a lively discussion, the draft went through seven public revisions before being finalized early April 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Fab_doc_final_007-22">[22]</a> In June 2017 a free online Reference Gerber Viewer<a href="#cite_note-RGV-13">[13]</a> was made available by Ucamco as a complement to the specification. It is updated with new functionality from time to time.<a href="#cite_note-Reference_Gerber_Viewer-49">[49]</a> In October 2019 Ucamco published a draft specification to include component information in Gerber data, calling for comments from the user community. The proposal re-uses existing syntax and hence is backward compatible. Although it does not introduce new syntax it extends Gerber into a new domain, and the name Gerber X3 is suggested. The draft specification was developed by Karel Tavernier.<a href="#cite_note-Gerber_X3_PCB007-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gerber_X3_Ucamco-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gerber_X3_draft-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_PCB_formats">Other PCB formats</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerber_format&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other PCB formats">edit</a>]</div> Over the years there have been several attempts to replace Gerber by formats containing more information than just the layer image, e.g. netlist or component information.<a href="#cite_note-history-34">[34]</a> None of these attempts have been widely accepted within the electronics manufacturing industry, probably because the formats are complex.<a href="#cite_note-tavernier-10">[10]</a> Gerber remains the most widely used data transfer format.<a href="#cite_note-Williams2004-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schroeder1998-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Blackwell2000-4">[4]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPC_(electronics)" title="IPC (electronics)">IPC</a>-D-350 C Printed Board Description in Digital Format, 1989. This specification was standardized as <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> 61182–1 in 1992 and withdrawn in 2001. Rarely used.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DXF" class="mw-redirect" title="DXF">DXF</a> Sometimes used. These are typically constructed as drawings, PCB objects (tracks and pads) are lost, which makes them very difficult to use in CAM.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> Sometimes used.</li> <li>DPF Format, now at v7, a CAM format from Ucamco. Sometimes used.</li> <li>The Electronic Design Interchange Format, <a href="/wiki/EDIF" title="EDIF">EDIF</a>. Rarely used.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODB%2B%2B" title="ODB++">ODB++</a>, a CAM format from Mentor Graphics. Sometimes used, the prevalent non-Gerber format.<a href="#cite_note-mike2002-53">[53]</a></li> <li>GenCAM: <a href="/wiki/IPC_(electronics)" title="IPC (electronics)">IPC</a>-2511A Generic Requirements for Implementation of Product Manufacturing Description Data and Transfer Methodology, 2000. Rarely used.</li> <li>GenCAM: <a href="/wiki/IPC_(electronics)" title="IPC (electronics)">IPC</a>-2511B Generic Requirements for Implementation of Product Manufacturing Description Data and Transfer XML Schema Methodology, 2002. Rarely used.</li> <li>Offspring: <a href="/wiki/IPC_(electronics)" title="IPC (electronics)">IPC</a>-2581 Generic Requirements for Printed Board Assembly Products Manufacturing Description Data and Transfer Methodology, 2004. Rarely used, but receiving more attention recently.<a href="#cite_note-Goering2011-54">[54]</a></li> <li>STEP AP210: <a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">ISO 10303</a>-210, Electronic assembly interconnect and packaging design, first edition 2001, second edition 2008 (to be published)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerber_format&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OffWebsite-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OffWebsite_1-14">o</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucamco.com/en/gerber">"Official website"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucamco.com%2Fen%2Fgerber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerber+format" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams2004-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williams2004_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams2004_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2004" 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4042914/ODB--spec-tapped-for-CAD-to-CAM-data-exchange">the original</a> on 2013-01-22. Retrieved 2011-09-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EE+Times&rft.atitle=ODB%2B%2B+spec+tapped+for+CAD-to-CAM+data+exchange&rft.date=2002-01-22&rft.aulast=Santarini&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eetimes.com%2Felectronics-news%2F4042914%2FODB--spec-tapped-for-CAD-to-CAM-data-exchange&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerber+format" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goering2011-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Goering2011_54-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cadence.com/Community/blogs/ii/archive/2011/10/02/ipc-2581-panel-a-spirited-discussion-on-pcb-data-transfer-formats.aspx">IPC-2581 Panel: A Spirited Discussion on PCB Data Transfer Formats</a>, Richard Goering, Cadence Design Systems blog, 2011-10-02 </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerber_format&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucamco.com//en/file-formats/gerber">Official website</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucamco.com/en/guest/downloads/gerber-format">Gerber Documents</a> - Ucamco</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucamco.com/en/software/cad-cam-viewers/gerber-viewer">Gerber File Viewer</a> - Ucamco</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nextpcb.com/free-online-gerber-viewer.html">Free Gerber File Viewer Online</a> - HQDFM</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<li><a href="/wiki/ANIM" title="ANIM">ANIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ART_image_file_format" title="ART image file format"> ART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format"> BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics"> BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSAVE" title="BSAVE"> BSAVE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALS_Raster_file_format" title="CALS Raster file format"> CAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cineon" title="Cineon"> CIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_Perceptual_Compression" title="Cartesian Perceptual Compression"> CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPT_(file_format)" title="CPT (file format)"> CPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectDraw_Surface" title="DirectDraw Surface"> DDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Picture_Exchange" title="Digital Picture Exchange"> DPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECW_(file_format)" title="ECW (file format)"> ECW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR"> EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FITS" title="FITS">FITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLIC_(file_format)" title="FLIC (file format)"> FLIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format"> FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlashPix" title="FlashPix"> FPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDRi_(data_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="HDRi (data format)"> HDRi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding"> HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format"> ICNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)"> ICO / CUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_Cytometry_Standard" title="Image Cytometry Standard"> ICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILBM" title="ILBM">ILBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_Network_Graphics" title="JPEG Network Graphics"> JNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_JPEG#JPEG-LS" title="Lossless JPEG"> JPEG-LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-HDR" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-HDR">JPEG-HDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krita" title="Krita"> KRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics"> MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magick_Image_File_Format" title="Magick Image File Format"> MIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearly_raw_raster_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Nearly raw raster data"> NRRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRaster" title="OpenRaster"> ORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm#PAM_graphics_format" title="Netpbm"> PAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm" title="Netpbm"> PBM / PGM / PPM / PNM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCX" title="PCX">PCX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File"> PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICtor_PIC_image_format" title="PICtor PIC image format"> PICtor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNG" title="PNG">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop#PSD" title="Adobe Photoshop"> PSD / PSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaintShop_Pro" title="PaintShop Pro"> PSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)"> QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR"> QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Raster" title="Sun Raster"> RAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGBE_image_format" title="RGBE image format"> RGBE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logluv_TIFF" title="Logluv TIFF">Logluv TIFF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_Image" title="Silicon Graphics Image"> SGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truevision_TGA" title="Truevision TGA"> TGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format"> TIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format#TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format"> TIFF/IT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulead_PhotoImpact" title="Ulead PhotoImpact"> UFO / UFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format"> WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_BitMap" title="X BitMap"> XBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCF_(file_format)" title="XCF (file format)"> XCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_PixMap" title="X PixMap"> XPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xwd" title="Xwd"> XWD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raw_image_format" title="Raw image format">Raw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Image_File_Format" title="Camera Image File Format"> CIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Negative" title="Digital Negative"> DNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">Vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator_Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Illustrator Artwork"> AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CorelDRAW#CDR_file_format" title="CorelDRAW"> CDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile"> CGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF"> DXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Metafile" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Metafile"> EMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMF%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="EMF+">EMF+</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiku_Vector_Icon_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiku Vector Icon Format"> HVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGES" title="IGES">IGES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language"> PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics"> SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language"> VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Metafile" title="Windows Metafile"> WMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar_(graphics)" title="Xar (graphics)"> Xar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format#Compound_formats" title="Image file format">Compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computable_Document_Format" title="Computable Document Format"> CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript"> EPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODCA" title="MODCA">MODCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICT" title="PICT">PICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript"> PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language"> XAML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exif" title="Exif">Exchangeable image file format (Exif)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Press_Telecommunications_Council#Photo_metadata" title="International Press Telecommunications Council">International Press Telecommunications Council § Photo metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Metadata_Platform" title="Extensible Metadata Platform">Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF#Metadata" title="GIF">GIF § Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steganography" title="Steganography">Steganography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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