CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91359fec1b743e14',cH: 'Eey4wVKFl5jfVRmnvJGlZxQA90onUUpmeGEi664flK0-1739793706-1.2.1.1-vrBUVfWwWvze3vIMjRh9CHIcRJc1uDxpEz01_A__3gdqRJ90zHUUJYY5Jw1p2dlb',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ahmed%20Alkilany&__cf_chl_tk=hI9cHB2IQhFz.TzDgmXj_inTF21aGN._xqhD5zX9ypI-1739793706-1.0.1.1-jhFlxbnifIJx6Lm6LDOJuZcpPDxDa3CgTurYkMxyvfg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739793706',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ahmed%20Alkilany&__cf_chl_f_tk=hI9cHB2IQhFz.TzDgmXj_inTF21aGN._xqhD5zX9ypI-1739793706-1.0.1.1-jhFlxbnifIJx6Lm6LDOJuZcpPDxDa3CgTurYkMxyvfg",md: "VJ5oabA0P5rU_.AO_ee.btYSJhUKS7atidZg_3V5O8U-1739793706-1.2.1.1-gMAhBtu5RhZnJa0AdYrNkEUHrECv0P8ZX0qia2WO3dEkykAdLT6.3fvqeVyFN3EexkJrt47W0ZKMy2x4xW5DFFviHKiJtnGuP5v1QwhxUYIX1PgeWmhi3V6wPqnU3WnC50MpMxtzv2_U0vVJzEf.oMLCdkRosI9k0p2tPEAhR7AysmFHN2F_Nb2kdYS5vBUnuaK702SHqOqEgmjio4gvfdOSCLTHXQ0gZXUNOk5DuBFHPnW__9Olf3OqxPimd4k4V5B8v3LBGqA_n9NYq7PPWFan_Y3Zw2BTzy8dSWmbf43bCMsk7YuJg94NEy7Dv4r8DeZ4YZ.FpIT71O1SmBTGZa.xadYmujZh_lZyFMT_6xvrMy6liOJiZhik5YoCQTGGbF3YmmKGUsBJaoS0gC9X99JjyqA6F9qGAcRsVb24KfvGuq9uzjhBC.ez96sq_pOhJ18dKDIZfyFzmxMxntn5rtkd_S4cVLocuKB5jdm6dS_Xcb7_NDlMxgtfF0JNlN_8Hki_kGSyswE3zoewGbnOllEw4Zh3clzJFMweZmSr.A2uvOjo0NG5iC9un3xzviBIPeo.UKsXkkhAEuBsVmlteAVcMuHhbPmAUGyrQlKB6.APCsDHfW.PQh6Fr4sSffHJwTgDzU75QHpUxAECtXgT3jSbnqRIFMPfGrEl3C5r5EuASRCRiNUN2oRvXMCbuCvrmDKBtsidaL2JnrjEcjKspuhg.TtQxG.lKuUmKguxNq4DkhYfRDHlguPubQO9TYaEpJAlsXO_YXp5qSBbzy3QL1nMCcPWZXqCgGnNDKLT.F5a0cfinwhztIpUnAgoMrCYOxN4YoOkYG_LjAYSDUBiUqnZ7Z3XETrQTVEluiEOciSJ6U2VWnbejWHf5a.pIwx09S61LF9jP7SwAZY6sIkjDEmFHF_sdE4glchThqbiDgC4B1kjvonh9988Y0IatJMzOKCGzUYKkWHPhpNnbe5beUzmK2AM2Wp2IbGnyWtiHdXVnCefwUruFY4N4Vvo2ahD9kJe_FbqKoQMsjoPGf1rtKFotxFfq10Yb.xq9iQWFe.8BvZ9MCWbpWpLCMpH2G5VJ1o2j.sPmf2Wvv62DcuG6W90BlV4PVDMSVdAI4swAwy1lYC.3bCXGhXVOex0p9lWvac6BpzET0qxbkBcA8VfZkvsd37.MJb7AP7dVPhqI0w.aHvbHHpqDO0EjxNfuyBSaRLLQKvVKv7XanQSCRtEL.3W.0ngEl6yPHUYulqJ2UNvwDM.TRLM_AOHHm7EYhKqpoVgdsCOud3zRu51zskLPY2MsKOc_Jcc0KmrOKzc9AQ6FZzeMW__jKjIn7ws2Qugw7hHGu5Bl2ujs.x1.jiFUcQYKWZ4q5PttwyxOOgDgud40td3kng00fJ2IUkY0AeJEcfhlwa6K9TtFa9PgDs01iQxNKzSODrBFDLdFrxDva9E4MuzqYyXHigF.ItejmNriYEmR9x6ZfH59fw1L_e07TAmAmXaDKL00OVmnxe1rp8If0WzOoCxNDPCLiA1S6kB9HFum9BRMYkw6Dynm0qL9RalrfwDpOqAsaNe2dWkPL6BxEyuHczEv2sBZhYj013lfjVLXwVVN.Au7ZsrzaFpHPD9yHUh8Db3pyOrE6zdu3VCM68Qj.5edUW32lttCN.KhYQD63r_OuyTUSEV9DOzIYism62ELw8eNpEhk7sZJj2rfc4hmlK.ga4oWCZMnLIk.rV8neWvnRUN7S.8IzuD.J9qyrmcf.qAiaUBquoh0T19aRFALuVHFe1hZpGvCIdoXGh_xPkVykgiGd3VuQ25xDumxFjmH7L36YzYRLM9i6DXYrIBFpTMTBWlw8YKyZtth0gEgcGd5Of_Zmwm_H8l1iJxqdEOfUm1o7Ge1SMdIIu5HRQIZQPBjliSC_GCqQgHBr.rDW7gwp0Wl8zuroOdjJ1guxunoREIb8W2O4s2NO8",mdrd: "D15l8CBC7Soyml3wuZylQZu.YoSwE9U2UolTTDOGck4-1739793706-1.2.1.1-ZDK.Blgs4eHDEUBNI_RU.fSaV6SO0pciDJ_IS8MGO3oFYm4QYEe_0bcQztAmQLbFVLACJe5C80A2KMgkcDMUVzruAmbxu2IF.YHavcw7TQG5VQjNSsc_ho_BXq9SkjBAJMMoRHVZejtVpnNcuf.iICLnvsciUrL_qcjyVm37Bd2es2PAqYIGYAIFy6V9Eb9CG1S64fNrON2mHk_lraqGsak3yVQM3X5qK4oUZPNG.eeCON2ukFFhKwfjeENUa8pgPtunfJqXm1XEQScfk1wB76nANtyfyxmUtH.Kd_31BJe2Y_UzgkhE9uNYPDMnvcwCOvsS8yQePvUV_e4Gb5Sw9kzQfoLppvXS0GeCAAooqA9DOs1o7Xu3NN_bvZDB6ieklfsGOnPYp5EaORZMtf2tNqd9H8p__Ho4eMZj_m0ntuGP2cMGzbHPx9uc1dAa8HOZSmTjS94rR_3K3qixyTcjyzfeV9yzUQ3fBK2HVjjC7HZoUgUEZeFCnVhqzceT_2drSfZJirxLwZWxZbsGSNQ4D.bP29JLuBsfiXFiS3w7jl9cRRx_M0B.o8W3jOLPOr4kSNqptLYNQ8N_wbQ1bz0_xioVqaLn1OKnxqf5ptM4kGRmm0dkTsx1fcf9aPWQCZsNEN689ixuUtya3O5EexKnVA8frC7244eawyRJQdMyyNiswvpyBZ.u.N1g0t8RlCrnEocb3DIaVLrtd8Jd6uPwO6lqBxvia_I83naBHozBcBcNiM08yxhLjBVlbHBBoAYcQ5VrC9xnpNvrI0fsSHeWidFJCMH3RImwgPNPTWTXm3AIjRZCNuVAazTmKVgAYgQNiT_sxuF5bidHAqfcObQFCvHQXmsmSToUMwlddgQpDfoBwGA9f27ubYTS4RESNHRFG_HZHkVriQWt9EoAbQSZO20ID5f7EibuCzUcg26kRKwqKtxmilAiqVedpIL0.AEXy6jgBKZr_B8_dUljOyAZHdCh61MGYqM85WptCHeaNbEfEEBKNoeM.kb7wD0sD7I74Xxdu_Ou4UBHj3mlzD1PoTOb8h0d56ryH1nnh6Ny1eYs_BrxJ7M.awzE1OLNnvaicer859c3zXwmOJjdxXmpGqhrWaCF8aCUcdly1IM8lieCLuxIU4sG.6QiZRjwdI1dDnDEXANfJaZeHbLcwnkRHan2lrc5PQYMoKMliuLByMXNN_PrRG0FFJmnmcII4xdGlY9uttGg.UTQpZHMIEXeLmqtgcnnREsCpydBaFCWKSEmZLX92RQe79B.hgzRNCo8wrf7BRXi6DShPGX9fsqvLUdW4vsDUruOSf0UVXxIIWZFZtQnAsV85_uTFaajxegn7jMqRBqX3vCAGM_2iX4xEDF.2ekoXq3.Jv8AADo80w0KXAVOAZbA.q.7mPxE9pt11YVfUeBmaQOsUP7p4cbhQSq1sQV6x3Mg8y2q1WmiSm8hqHMtSnn9oz7jX3S_hBDL_zYWFo9raBstrJids7UQSrGbSKAPTrdBxwUikC8iYHA3GQC9qKgE6myM91QLbngGVMBmjJuE4X9zG6s5apLoTA_YKdvD4p9RrjeXCJfTnCXYQiFZkd1Igoh19n08TZ6TaUhg1PmTAx.3sJbkdyzkmehZP9rSVEXSAcwu8xZxBgOrODpo2gexJvVJFFCAUNp1N_y2Ob2btcVrLyEDTrG9lhxJ0zFdTn2aYaT06iGDShBUGr.lUUIBfOrcMXnNPTN11QUdW0x08Zp0zjPeFYZOvSLlU0qrtLzr5ZavX0OHXfI7kBfFClOPQjxaTwuFeAlcvI9VOdo9KvArAaaz7R7FuVPOLWLUzLFIy3bYI9I.f.OJVqWdAMGd45mOglUSgQc.7nKrjj08nVcSXLeoMBrUQtN.MgDOG2HCfd16my.hXEoVQjkhq9FpzSgmbP.fCRrSpcYgJS_6rh.xQ1YxI8c3bG8l5mK6zkN3agLqEYf8ZP.bWhmA3YGhCgso_XdtMCwo"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91359fec1b743e14';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ahmed%20Alkilany&__cf_chl_rt_tk=hI9cHB2IQhFz.TzDgmXj_inTF21aGN._xqhD5zX9ypI-1739793706-1.0.1.1-jhFlxbnifIJx6Lm6LDOJuZcpPDxDa3CgTurYkMxyvfg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>