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<span>1977–80</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1977–80-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1979–91" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1979–91"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>1979–91</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1979–91-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punk_revival_since_1991" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punk_revival_since_1991"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Punk revival since 1991</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punk_revival_since_1991-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Punk_rock_in_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Punk rock in Australia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Punk+rock+in+Australia%22">"Punk rock in Australia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Punk+rock+in+Australia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Punk+rock+in+Australia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Punk+rock+in+Australia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Punk+rock+in+Australia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Punk+rock+in+Australia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian music scene</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Australian_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian rock">Australian rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></div> <p> <b>Australian musicians</b> played and recorded some of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/The_Saints_(Australian_band)" title="The Saints (Australian band)">The Saints</a> who released their first single in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Subgenre" class="mw-redirect" title="Subgenre">Subgenres</a> of punk music, such as <a href="/wiki/Australian_hardcore" title="Australian hardcore">local hardcore acts</a>, still have a strong <a href="/wiki/Cult_following" title="Cult following">cult following</a> throughout <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the pioneers, like The Saints, Sydney band <a href="/wiki/Radio_Birdman" title="Radio Birdman">Radio Birdman</a>, and young <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a> musician <a href="/wiki/Kim_Salmon" title="Kim Salmon">Kim Salmon</a>, were highly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Proto-punk" title="Proto-punk">proto-punk</a> sounds from Detroit. A distinct <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_punk_rock" title="Brisbane punk rock">Brisbane punk scene</a> emerged in the 1970s. By 1977, other bands began to form in Sydney, under the influence of Radio Birdman and other local and overseas acts. During the late 1970s, former members of Radio Birdman contributed to several new bands. These bands and other Australian and overseas punk acts were supported by <a href="/wiki/Public_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Public radio">public radio</a> stations. In Melbourne scene, art rock had segued into punk, then evolved into <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a>, typified by the careers of <a href="/wiki/Nick_Cave" title="Nick Cave">Nick Cave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rowland_S._Howard" title="Rowland S. Howard">Rowland S. Howard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Little_band_scene" class="mw-redirect" title="Little band scene">little band scene</a>. Another pioneering figure of Australian postpunk was Saints founder <a href="/wiki/Ed_Kuepper" title="Ed Kuepper">Ed Kuepper</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1973–1976"><span id="1973.E2.80.931976"></span>1973–1976</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punk_rock_in_Australia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 1973–1976"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Punk_rock_in_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Punk rock in Australia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Punk+rock+in+Australia%22">"Punk rock in Australia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Punk+rock+in+Australia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Punk+rock+in+Australia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Punk+rock+in+Australia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Punk+rock+in+Australia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Punk+rock+in+Australia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Saints were one of Australia's first punk bands. The earliest incarnation of the Saints was formed by <a href="/wiki/Ed_Kuepper" title="Ed Kuepper">Ed Kuepper</a> (guitar) and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Bailey_(musician,_born_1956)" title="Chris Bailey (musician, born 1956)">Chris Bailey</a> (vocals) in <a href="/wiki/Brisbane,_Queensland" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisbane, Queensland">Brisbane, Queensland</a> in 1973. They shared a background in immigrant families (Kuepper's <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> and Bailey's <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Irish</a>), and an admiration for high energy 1950s and '60s music, such as the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit rock">Detroit rock</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Stooges" title="The Stooges">the Stooges</a> and <a href="/wiki/MC5" title="MC5">MC5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During that time, <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> was under the control of the conservative, authoritarian <a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">Country Party</a> democratic government of Sir <a href="/wiki/Joh_Bjelke-Petersen" title="Joh Bjelke-Petersen">Joh Bjelke-Petersen</a>. </p><p>During 1974, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Birdman" title="Radio Birdman">Radio Birdman</a> formed in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, led by another immigrant, Detroit-born medical student <a href="/wiki/Deniz_Tek" title="Deniz Tek">Deniz Tek</a>. They also shared an interest in the Stooges and MC5, albeit with a result arguably more akin to <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">Hard rock</a> than Punk. Their dynamic live shows soon gained a fanatical following at inner city venues. Many <a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">art rock</a> bands, like <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Birthday_Party_(band)" title="The Birthday Party (band)">Boys Next Door</a>, formed by <a href="/wiki/Nick_Cave" title="Nick Cave">Nick Cave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mick_Harvey" title="Mick Harvey">Mick Harvey</a> at their school in 1974, later attended gigs by the Saints and Radio Birdman, and would adopt elements of their sounds.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>, the first punk band was Black Chrome formed in 1974, followed by JAB in 1976. Black Chrome's music attacked Australian apathy, it's urban wasteland and it's non existent youth culture. JAB billed themselves as "Synthetic Shock Rock" and were the first Australian punk band to use live <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesisers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tape_loop" title="Tape loop">tape loop</a> guitar and synthesiser solos. This early iteration of JAB has been described as 'an insane electronic evolution of the velvet underground'.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adelaide in this period was a staid, conservative and unreceptive city, consequently the bands were ignored, feared, and could not secure gigs unless they booked venues themselves without disclosing that they were punk bands.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a> – a geographically isolated city with social and political similarities to Brisbane – young musicians like <a href="/wiki/Kim_Salmon" title="Kim Salmon">Kim Salmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Faulkner_(musician)" title="Dave Faulkner (musician)">Dave Faulkner</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Baker_(musician)" title="James Baker (musician)">James Baker</a> were also influenced by the Detroit bands, as well as <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> <a href="/wiki/Proto-punk" title="Proto-punk">proto-punk</a> figures like <a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Dolls" title="New York Dolls">New York Dolls</a>. Salmon led the <a href="/wiki/Cheap_Nasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheap Nasties">Cheap Nasties</a>, and then <a href="/wiki/The_Scientists" title="The Scientists">The Scientists</a>, before embarking on a solo career (and is regarded as a pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a>). Baker was in a short-lived act called the Geeks, before forming <a href="/wiki/The_Victims_(Perth_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Victims (Perth band)">the Victims</a> with Faulkner in 1977. They recorded an acclaimed single, "<a href="/wiki/Television_Addict" title="Television Addict">Television Addict</a>", before breaking up. Baker later joined the Scientists. Faulkner gravitated towards poppier sounds. In 1981, he and Baker founded a successful <a href="/wiki/Retro" class="mw-redirect" title="Retro">Retro</a> rock act, the <a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_Gurus" title="Hoodoo Gurus">Hoodoo Gurus</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In mid-1976, the Saints recorded and distributed copies of their single "<a href="/wiki/(I%27m)_Stranded_(song)" title="(I'm) Stranded (song)">(I'm) Stranded"</a>, which met nearly no critical or public response in Australia. In the UK, however,<i><a href="/wiki/Sounds_(magazine)" title="Sounds (magazine)">Sounds</a></i> magazine received a copy, and declared it: "single of this and every week". As a result, the band was signed to a three-album contract with EMI. Later the same year they recorded their first LP, which was also called <i><a href="/wiki/(I%27m)_Stranded" title="(I'm) Stranded">(I'm) Stranded</a></i>. Hampered by poor production and the indifference of radio stations, the LP failed commercially. In December the Saints moved to Sydney. Radio Birdman released an EP ("<a href="/wiki/Burn_My_Eye" title="Burn My Eye">Burn My Eye</a>") and an album (<i><a href="/wiki/Radios_Appear" title="Radios Appear">Radios Appear</a></i>) with better production values, but with similar commercial results to the Saints' endeavours. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1977–80"><span id="1977.E2.80.9380"></span>1977–80</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punk_rock_in_Australia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1977–80"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1977, other bands were starting to form in Sydney, under the influence of local and overseas punk acts. The early Sydney punk scene centred around the Sydney inner city suburbs, and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_-_Broadway" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Hotel - Broadway">Grand Hotel</a> in Haymarket in particular. Among the first was the <a href="/wiki/Last_Words_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Last Words (band)">Last Words</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Liverpool,_New_South_Wales" title="Liverpool, New South Wales">Liverpool</a> in Sydney. (They recorded their first single "Animal World/Wondering Why" in 1977.) Other Sydney bands in 1977 included the <a href="/wiki/Hellcats" title="Hellcats">Hellcats</a> (featuring <a href="/wiki/Ron_Peno" class="mw-redirect" title="Ron Peno">Ron Peno</a>, later lead singer of the <a href="/wiki/Died_Pretty" title="Died Pretty">Died Pretty</a>), the Psychosurgeons (later known as Lipstick Killers), <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Dole_%26_The_Scabs" title="Johnny Dole & The Scabs">Johnny Dole & the Scabs</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thought_Criminals" title="Thought Criminals">Thought Criminals</a> (who featured Steven Phillip, later of <a href="/wiki/Do-Re-Mi_(band)" title="Do-Re-Mi (band)">Do-Re-Mi</a> and John Hoey, who was also later in Died Pretty). </p><p>These bands and other Australian and overseas punk acts were strongly supported by <a href="/wiki/Public_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Public radio">public radio</a> stations, especially <a href="/wiki/Triple_J" title="Triple J">2JJ</a>. Punk bands like the Reals (featuring <a href="/wiki/Ollie_Olsen" title="Ollie Olsen">Ollie Olsen</a>) and the Babeez (later known as the News) were also being formed in Melbourne. In Brisbane, <a href="/wiki/The_Survivors_(Australian_band)" title="The Survivors (Australian band)">the Survivors</a> (who showed a 1960s influence), <a href="/wiki/The_Leftovers_(Australian_band)" title="The Leftovers (Australian band)">the Leftovers</a> (diverse influences), Razar and the <a href="/wiki/Fun_Things" title="Fun Things">Fun Things</a> (Detroit rock) all followed in the wake of the Saints. </p><p>After the British punk scene took off in 1977, both the Saints and Radio Birdman moved to the UK. This proved to be disastrous for both bands. Neither of them fit in with, or were inclined to adjust to aspects of the London scene at the time, such the now-established <a href="/wiki/Punk_fashion" title="Punk fashion">punk fashion</a> in clothes. Radio Birdman were dumped when their record company got into financial difficulty, and soon broke up. Later recordings saw the Saints adopt <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> influences, although their most successful single, "<a href="/wiki/This_Perfect_Day_(song)" title="This Perfect Day (song)">This Perfect Day</a>" – which reached number 34 in the UK singles chart – was typical of the band's musical style. After another acclaimed single, "<a href="/wiki/Know_Your_Product" title="Know Your Product">Know Your Product</a>", and second and third albums failed to make an impression, EMI dropped the Saints. (Kuepper left in 1979 and Bailey began to pursue a more mainstream musical direction.) Last Words later followed their predecessors to the UK and also failed to make a strong impression. </p><p>The Saints bassist, <a href="/wiki/Algy_Ward" title="Algy Ward">Algy Ward</a> continued to make significant impact in the London punk scene however, when he left The Saints to play with British <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> band, <a href="/wiki/The_Damned_(band)" title="The Damned (band)">the Damned</a> and to work with <a href="/wiki/Lemmy" title="Lemmy">Lemmy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fast_Eddie_Clarke" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast Eddie Clarke">Fast Eddie Clarke</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mot%C3%B6rhead" title="Motörhead">Motörhead</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> playing on The Damned's comeback album <i><a href="/wiki/Machine_Gun_Etiquette" title="Machine Gun Etiquette">Machine Gun Etiquette</a></i> (1979), which was released on proto punk and <a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(United_Kingdom)" title="Pub rock (United Kingdom)">pub rock</a> record label, <a href="/wiki/Chiswick_Records" title="Chiswick Records">Chiswick Records</a>, who had also released <a href="/wiki/Mot%C3%B6rhead" title="Motörhead">Motörhead</a>'s early records. <a href="/wiki/Joe_Strummer" title="Joe Strummer">Joe Strummer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemmy" title="Lemmy">Lemmy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simonon" title="Paul Simonon">Paul Simonon</a> also appear on the album. The reissue of the album includes the band's take on <a href="/wiki/The_Sweet" title="The Sweet">The Sweet</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Ballroom_Blitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballroom Blitz">Ballroom Blitz</a>". The album also features sometime <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a> lyricist <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Moore" title="Anthony Moore">Anthony Moore</a> on synthesiser. <a href="/wiki/Philip_Lloyd-Smee" title="Philip Lloyd-Smee">Philip Lloyd-Smee</a> (who is known for his design work for <a href="/wiki/Syd_Barrett" title="Syd Barrett">Syd Barrett</a> as well as for the lettering and Gothic calligraphic work on <a href="/wiki/Joe_Petagno" title="Joe Petagno">Joe Petagno</a>'s early Motörhead logo; though the "War-Pig" image itself is by Petagno.<sup id="cite_ref-TheWord_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheWord-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ) contributed to the sleeve and logo design work on <i>Machine Gun Etiquette</i>. </p><p>During his time with The Damned, Ward also played bass on cover versions including Motörhead's "Over the Top" (released later under the collective moniker <i>Motordamned</i>), the MC5's "<a href="/wiki/Looking_at_You_(MC5_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Looking at You (MC5 song)">Looking at You</a>" and live, the band played the <a href="/wiki/Sex_Pistols" title="Sex Pistols">Sex Pistols</a>' "<a href="/wiki/Pretty_Vacant" title="Pretty Vacant">Pretty Vacant</a>" and <a href="/wiki/The_Stooges" title="The Stooges">The Stooges</a>' "I Feel Alright". He toured with the band worldwide, including America in 1979 where they played at Whisky A Go Go, Hollywood, and the Waldorf in San Francisco, significantly influencing the American Hardcore scene. Ward appeared on the live performance on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Grey_Whistle_Test" title="The Old Grey Whistle Test">The Old Grey Whistle Test</a></i> in England featuring "<a href="/wiki/Smash_It_Up" title="Smash It Up">Smash It Up</a>", before he was fired from the group due to animosity between him and drummer <a href="/wiki/Rat_Scabies" title="Rat Scabies">Rat Scabies</a>. He was replaced by former <a href="/wiki/Eddie_and_the_Hot_Rods" title="Eddie and the Hot Rods">Eddie and the Hot Rods</a> and <a href="/wiki/UFO_(band)" title="UFO (band)">UFO (band)</a> bassist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gray_(English_musician)" title="Paul Gray (English musician)">Paul Gray</a>. </p><p>Speaking of Algy Ward's contribution to the album in an interview with <i><a href="/wiki/Louder_than_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Louder than War">Louder than War</a></i> online punk rock <a href="/wiki/Fanzine" title="Fanzine">fanzine</a>, Captain Sensible said "Algy was immense on <i>Machine Gun (Etiquette)</i>. The sound was largely based on the thundering bass lines that he delivered, it was a beautiful noise. And then Paul (Gray) came along and was a very fluent and flowing kind of bass player." </p><p>By the end of 1977, the Melbourne <a href="/wiki/Supergroup_(music)" title="Supergroup (music)">supergroup</a> <a href="/wiki/Young_Charlatans" title="Young Charlatans">Young Charlatans</a> had formed from the remnants of earlier bands.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They included <a href="/wiki/Ollie_Olsen" title="Ollie Olsen">Ollie Olsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rowland_S._Howard" title="Rowland S. Howard">Rowland S. Howard</a> (guitar, later in the Birthday Party), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Wegener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeff Wegener (page does not exist)">Jeff Wegener</a> (drums, former member of the Saints, later in the <a href="/wiki/Laughing_Clowns" title="Laughing Clowns">Laughing Clowns</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Janine_Hall" title="Janine Hall">Janine Hall</a> (later in the Saints). The band recorded the first version of the Howard song "<a href="/wiki/Shivers_(The_Boys_Next_Door_song)" title="Shivers (The Boys Next Door song)">Shivers</a>". In Sydney, a Birdman offshoot, <a href="/wiki/The_Hitmen" title="The Hitmen">the Hitmen</a>, had started to gig and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Rilen" title="Ian Rilen">Ian Rilen</a> formed the longevitous <a href="/wiki/X_(Australian_band)" title="X (Australian band)">X</a>. </p><p>On 8 November 1977 the ABC nightly news magazine program "This Day Tonight" broadcast a feature on Australian punk rock, featuring a live recording of Black Chrome at Adelaide University's Union Hall, with commentary and interviews highlighting the largely negative contemporary attitudes to punk rock. The introductory voice over concluded; </p><p>″... but if you're wondering if its going to take off in a big way here, its worth remembering that the quiet streets of Adelaide are a long, long way from the streets of London. The message of punk rock is violence and anarchy; and its a message which has got Adelaide radio stations on the defensive.″[165] </p><p>In April 1978 Black Chrome released the single "Australia's God" on their own label Tomorrow Records,[166] but despite the band driving around Australia to the few record shops selling punk rock and delivering it to radio stations around the country, it failed to secure airplay and sold in tiny numbers. "Wallaby Beat" in 2011; "It must be said that of all the original 1977 Aussie bands Black Chrome are the one most shrouded in mystery. The single remains unheard (but not unloved) and the facts we can report are scant... so to the record, perhaps the most singular sounding of the first generation Australian punk records with its restrained fuzz, and strange (moaning?) backing vocals. It's in the lyrics where the punch is packed."[167] </p><p>Entrepreneurs began to realise the potential of the growing scene and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gudinski" title="Michael Gudinski">Michael Gudinski</a> launched the Melbourne-based <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suicide_Records&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suicide Records (page does not exist)">Suicide Records</a>, which in May 1978 released a <a href="/wiki/Compilation_album" title="Compilation album">compilation</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lethal_Weapons_(album)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lethal Weapons (album) (page does not exist)">Lethal Weapons</a></i>. The album included tracks by the Boys Next Door, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teenage_Radio_Stars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teenage Radio Stars (page does not exist)">Teenage Radio Stars</a> (featuring future <a href="/wiki/Models_(band)" title="Models (band)">Models</a> members <a href="/wiki/Sean_Kelly_(Australian_musician)" title="Sean Kelly (Australian musician)">Sean Kelly</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Freud" title="James Freud">James Freud</a>, and also La Femme members bassist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graham_Schiavello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graham Schiavello (page does not exist)">Graham Schiavello</a> and drummer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Kidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pete Kidd (page does not exist)">Pete Kidd</a>), <a href="/wiki/JAB" title="JAB">JAB</a> (ex-<a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">experimental rockers</a> from <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>, featuring <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_X" title="Bohdan X">Bohdan X</a> and synthesizer player <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday_(musician)" title="Ash Wednesday (musician)">Ash Wednesday</a>), the Survivors and <a href="/w/index.php?title=X-Ray-Z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X-Ray-Z (page does not exist)">X-Ray-Z</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(Australia)" title="Pub rock (Australia)">pub rockers</a> from Adelaide). However the <a href="/wiki/Royalties" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalties">royalty</a> rate offered by Suicide was low and both the News and Young Charlatans decided not to get involved. <a href="/wiki/Keith_Glass" title="Keith Glass">Keith Glass</a> launched the Melbourne-based <a href="/wiki/Missing_Link_Records" title="Missing Link Records">Missing Link Records</a>, which between 1978–80 released <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Femme%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Femme's (page does not exist)">La Femme's</a> singles & Album,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were the first independent band on <i><a href="/wiki/Countdown_(Australian_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Countdown (Australian TV series)">Countdown</a></i> and opened "Suburban pub rock" to local punk bands. <a href="/wiki/Keith_Glass" title="Keith Glass">Keith Glass</a> also managed the Boys Next Door and released all their music through to the change to <a href="/wiki/The_Birthday_Party_(band)" title="The Birthday Party (band)">the Birthday Party</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kent_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent Report">Australian chart</a> success eluded all of these bands in the late 1970s. Radio programmers were conservative and unenthusiastic about punk. The above artists who eventually found success either did so overseas, or after a remove of several years in Australia, and/or in different bands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1979–91"><span id="1979.E2.80.9391"></span>1979–91</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punk_rock_in_Australia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1979–91"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Tone plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Tone" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's <b>tone or style may not reflect the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic tone</a> used on Wikipedia</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> See Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">guide to writing better articles</a> for suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During the late 1970s, former members of Radio Birdman contributed to several new Sydney bands: <a href="/wiki/The_New_Christs" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Christs">the New Christs</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Visitors_(Australian_band)" title="The Visitors (Australian band)">the Visitors</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Angie_Pepper_Band" title="The Angie Pepper Band">the Passengers</a> (featuring Angie Pepper) and <a href="/wiki/The_Screaming_Tribesmen" title="The Screaming Tribesmen">the Screaming Tribesmen</a>. Two distinctive, long-lasting Sydney bands, <a href="/wiki/The_Celibate_Rifles" title="The Celibate Rifles">the Celibate Rifles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lime_Spiders" title="Lime Spiders">Lime Spiders</a>, were formed in 1979. Meanwhile, other Sydney groups like <a href="/wiki/X_(Australian_band)" title="X (Australian band)">X</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feedtime" title="Feedtime">feedtime</a> carried the punk energy of their forebears into nascent <a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">noise rock</a> territory. In Melbourne, <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a> sounds began to take over, typified by the "<a href="/wiki/Little_band_scene" class="mw-redirect" title="Little band scene">little band scene</a>". By the early 1980s, only a handful of bands were still playing songs with classic punk sounds, such as the <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Psychos" title="Cosmic Psychos">Cosmic Psychos</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirically</a>-inclined <a href="/wiki/Painters_and_Dockers" title="Painters and Dockers">Painters and Dockers</a>. </p><p>Melbourne's La Femme were a fascinating meld of late Seventies influences: punk, new wave, glam and hard rock. Their 1978 debut single Chelsea Kids is one of the all-time classic Australian singles and their only LP: La Femme, is arguably one of the best to come out of Melbourne's late 1970s punk/new wave scene (which included Models and the Boys Next Door). It contains many fine examples of the band's confident, swaggering glam-infused punk-metal sound. Lead singer Chane Chane was a charismatic, hyperactive front man, a refreshing personality with a strong audience rapport. Guitarist Brett Walker was a real live flashy guitar hero for the times, coming on like a punk-metal Mick Ronson by pealing off large chunks of dense power riffing when other guitarists were still going plink-plonk. The thuggish rhythm section of Peter Kidd and Graham Schiavello played it mean and hard, providing the relentless, driving beat. La Femme could well have made it into the big league if they’d wanted but swimming against the commercial tide seemed to be their raison d'être. In many ways they were their own worst enemies. An unwillingness to play the pop star game and the serious drug addiction, among other things, perhaps ended up compromising the band's drive. For an inner-city band with so much potential, in the end they really did give it away. They toured constantly, built up a huge support base on the suburban pub circuit, scored several prestigious support gigs, made three appearances on Countdown (one of the first punk/new wave/alternative bands to do so), released one of the great Melbourne punk albums and yet they never rose above being a cult attraction. </p><p>The Quick and the Dead, who played in Perth during 1979–81, pioneered a sound closely related to <a href="/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi!">Oi!</a>. They attracted media attention resulting from the behaviour of some fans, including violence and the use of Nazi regalia. Some <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_punk_rock" title="Brisbane punk rock">Brisbane punk rock</a> bands prolonged their unique punk direction from the Seventies, that was in part due to Premier <a href="/wiki/Joh_Bjelke-Petersen" title="Joh Bjelke-Petersen">Joh Bjelke-Petersen</a>'s continued use of the <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Police">Queensland Police</a> against perceived threats to the government. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/The_Birthday_Party_(band)" title="The Birthday Party (band)">Boys Next Door</a>, renamed the Birthday Party in 1980 and featuring <a href="/wiki/Nick_Cave" title="Nick Cave">Nick Cave</a>, were pioneers in incorporating "darker" elements into their image, with connections to the genres of <a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">gothic rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horror_punk" title="Horror punk">horror punk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">deathrock</a>. Other prominent examples included Brisbane bands <a href="/wiki/Vampire_Lovers_(band)" title="Vampire Lovers (band)">Vampire Lovers</a> and Mystery of Sixes. </p><p>A fourth generation of bands, such as the <a href="/wiki/Hard-Ons" title="Hard-Ons">Hard-Ons</a> (from Sydney) and <a href="/wiki/Exploding_White_Mice" title="Exploding White Mice">Exploding White Mice</a> (from Adelaide), also emerged. Former members of the Celibate Rifles and Lime Spiders formed <a href="/wiki/The_Eastern_Dark" title="The Eastern Dark">the Eastern Dark</a>, a short-lived but well-regarded act. <a href="/wiki/Australian_hardcore" title="Australian hardcore">Australian hardcore punk</a> acts also emerged, such as <a href="/wiki/Massappeal" title="Massappeal">Massappeal</a>, who began gigging in Sydney during 1985. Additionally, bands such as The Hellmen, <a href="/wiki/Toys_Went_Berserk" title="Toys Went Berserk">Toys Went Berserk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Happy_Hate_me_Nots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Happy Hate me Nots (page does not exist)">Happy Hate me Nots</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bits_of_Kids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bits of Kids (page does not exist)">Bits of Kids</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wet_Taxis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wet Taxis (page does not exist)">Wet Taxis</a> existed in the latter half of the 1980's. </p><p>From <a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Victoria" title="Brunswick, Victoria">Brunswick</a> emerged the smooth distorted sound of the Zorros with their single from Missing Link records "Too Young" reaching Number 3 in Radio RRR charts. The Zorros would play hard and fast and pack out many venues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Punk_revival_since_1991">Punk revival since 1991</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punk_rock_in_Australia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Punk revival since 1991"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the early 1990s, the success of <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a> music, American punk veterans and revivalists, as well as local bands like the Hybernators, the Speed Demons, <a href="/wiki/The_Meanies" title="The Meanies">the Meanies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frenzal_Rhomb" title="Frenzal Rhomb">Frenzal Rhomb</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Screamfeeder" title="Screamfeeder">Screamfeeder</a> led to the formation of punk-influenced bands such as <a href="/wiki/The_Living_End" title="The Living End">the Living End</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jebediah" title="Jebediah">Jebediah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodyjar" title="Bodyjar">Bodyjar</a>, <a href="/wiki/28_Days_(band)" title="28 Days (band)">28 Days</a>, Dreamkillers, Four Zero One Four, Align, Tiltmeter and <a href="/wiki/Guttersnipes" class="mw-redirect" title="Guttersnipes">Guttersnipes</a>. Punk revival scenes began in various cities around Australia. </p><p>In Melbourne, punk has seen a resurgence in recent years. Along with straight up punk bands like Dixon Cider, Scrayfish, the Half Pints, Let's Jump Ship and the Flying Rats forming, there have also been the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">folk punk</a> bands like Gentleman's Riot, Mutiny and Catgut Mary and <a href="/wiki/Skate_punk" title="Skate punk">skate punk</a> bands such as Bombs Are Falling and Postscript . The reforming of many earlier punk bands from the 1980s (such as Bastard Squad and Depression) has also been prominent. The Late 2000s has also seen a resurgence in street punk across the Australian east coast with bands like No Idea (VIC), the Scam(QLD), the Lost Cause (QLD), Deputy Dipshit (QLD), the Worst (VIC), Stay Down (TAS), Wot Rot (VIC) and many more leaving their mark. </p><p>In Adelaide, primarily driven by a resurgence of interest driven by the internet, the publication of early punk discographies, and requests to play from venues and contemporary punk bands, Black Chrome reformed in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have since appeared on several contemporary live punk compilation albums,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and from 2018 commenced releasing new material.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vans Warped Tour successfully returned to Australia in 2013 after an 11-year hiatus,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however many DIY grass roots events stepped up to fill the gap. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_film">In film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punk_rock_in_Australia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Age of Rage: The Australian Punk Revolution</i>, a documentary film directed by Jennifer Ross, premieres at the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_International_Film_Festival" title="Melbourne International Film Festival">Melbourne International Film Festival</a> in August 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punk_rock_in_Australia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Australia" title="Music of Australia">Music of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_hardcore" title="Australian hardcore">Australian hardcore</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punk_rock_in_Australia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://junkee.com/longform/australian-punk-history-30-tracks">"The History Of Australian Punk In 30 Tracks"</a>. <i>Junkee</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Junkee&rft.atitle=The+History+Of+Australian+Punk+In+30+Tracks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjunkee.com%2Flongform%2Faustralian-punk-history-30-tracks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunk+rock+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beat.com.au/the-history-of-aussie-punk-told-through-ten-iconic-albums/">"The history of Aussie punk told through ten iconic albums"</a>. <i>Beat Magazine</i>. 4 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beat+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+history+of+Aussie+punk+told+through+ten+iconic+albums&rft.date=2017-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeat.com.au%2Fthe-history-of-aussie-punk-told-through-ten-iconic-albums%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunk+rock+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFarlane1999" class="citation web cs1">McFarlane, Ian (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040809222017/http://www.whammo.com.au/encyclopedia.asp?articleid=342">"The Saints"</a>. <i>Whammo</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whammo.com.au/encyclopedia.asp?articleid=342">the original</a> on 9 August 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whammo&rft.atitle=The+Saints&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=McFarlane&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whammo.com.au%2Fencyclopedia.asp%3Farticleid%3D342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunk+rock+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DNA Fanzine no. 111, October 2019, page 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DNA Fanzine No. 111, October 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheWord-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheWord_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHepworth2010" class="citation news cs1">Hepworth, David (21 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100202041721/http://wordmagazine.co.uk/content/podcast-with-a-man-whose-records-are-worth-much-your-house-probably">"Here's a bloke whose record collection may well be worth as much as your house"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Word_(UK_magazine)" title="The Word (UK magazine)">The Word</a> magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wordmagazine.co.uk/content/podcast-with-a-man-whose-records-are-worth-much-your-house-probably">the original</a> on 2 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Here%27s+a+bloke+whose+record+collection+may+well+be+worth+as+much+as+your+house&rft.date=2010-01-21&rft.aulast=Hepworth&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wordmagazine.co.uk%2Fcontent%2Fpodcast-with-a-man-whose-records-are-worth-much-your-house-probably&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunk+rock+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fromthearchives.org/rsh/chronology3.html">"From The Archives -The Young Charlatans- Chronology"</a>. <i>www.fromthearchives.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fromthearchives.org&rft.atitle=From+The+Archives+-The+Young+Charlatans-+Chronology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fromthearchives.org%2Frsh%2Fchronology3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunk+rock+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bang-records.net/bands/rowland-s-howard-2/">"ROWLAND S. HOWARD"</a>. <i>Bang Records</i>. 18 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bang+Records&rft.atitle=ROWLAND+S.+HOWARD&rft.date=2020-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bang-records.net%2Fbands%2Frowland-s-howard-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunk+rock+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chane Chane (vocals), Brett Walker (guitar), Graham Schiavello (bass), and Pete Kidd (drums).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DNA Fanzine, No. 111, October 2019, pp 83-87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pioneers of Punk - Live At The Ed Castle (2014), Tomorrow Records - MA7203 - Vinyl and CD, 18 October 2014, DNA Fanzine Gig!!! Hotel Metro Adelaide, 25 January 2020 Live!!! (2021) - Tomorrow records - Vinyl and CD, 25 March 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Age Of Rage (2018), Album, Tomorrow Records - vinyl and CD, 31 August 2018. Hard Times Party (2021), EP, Tomorrow Records - 10" vinyl and CD, 1 January 2021. Singles - The Storm (2020), Scared White Man (2020).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandle2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Brandle, Lars (11 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/vans-warped-tour-returns-to-australia-1569750/">"Vans Warped Tour Returns to Australia"</a>. <i>Billboard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Vans+Warped+Tour+Returns+to+Australia&rft.date=2013-07-11&rft.aulast=Brandle&rft.aufirst=Lars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Fvans-warped-tour-returns-to-australia-1569750%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunk+rock+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://restassuredzine.com/news/6999-age-of-rage-aust-punk-doco-to-premiere-at-miff">"Age of Rage Aust punk doco to premiere at MIFF"</a>. <i>Rest Assured</i>. 18 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rest+Assured&rft.atitle=Age+of+Rage+Aust+punk+doco+to+premiere+at+MIFF&rft.date=2022-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frestassuredzine.com%2Fnews%2F6999-age-of-rage-aust-punk-doco-to-premiere-at-miff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunk+rock+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Walker" title="Clinton Walker">Clinton Walker</a> (ed.), 1982, <i>Inner City Sound</i>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_%26_Woolley" title="Wild & Woolley">Wild & Woolley</a>; Glebe, NSW, Australia. 2005, Verse Chorus Press, Portland, OR.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punk_rock_in_Australia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clintonwalker.com.au/inner-city-sound.html"><i>Inner City Sound</i></a> at Clinton Walker's website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/arts/music/stories/s780315.htm">Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2003). "Misfits and Malcontents".</a> (Retrieved on 15 December 2006.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectorscum.com/volume3/ozpunk.html">Henry Weld, "Australian Punk Rock 1976-1983 Version 7 – May 2004"</a> (Retrieved on 15 December 2006.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prehistoricsounds.com/">"Australian Punk and New Wave Record Cover Art"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.punkjourney.com/">"The History of the Melbourne Punk Scene"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanswarpedtouraustralia.com/">Official Vans Warped Tour Australia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Punk_rock" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Punk" title="Template:Punk"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Punk" title="Template talk:Punk"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punk" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Punk"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Punk_rock" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">Garage rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-punk" title="Proto-punk">Proto-punk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres and <br />fusion genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-punk" title="Afro-punk">Afro-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk" title="Crust punk">Crust punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk#Crack_rock_steady" title="Crust punk">Crack rock steady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk#Crustcore" title="Crust punk">Crustcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-beat" title="D-beat">D-beat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_punk" title="Art punk">Art punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-punk" title="Avant-punk">Avant-punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biker_metal" title="Biker metal">Biker metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_punk" title="Christian punk">Christian punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_hardcore" title="Christian hardcore">Christian hardcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowpunk" title="Cowpunk">Cowpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-punk" title="Dance-punk">Dance-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_cabaret" title="Dark cabaret">Dark cabaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_punk" title="Egg punk">Egg punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_pop" title="Emo pop">Emo pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo_rap" title="Emo rap">Emo rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo_revival" title="Emo revival">Emo revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">Folk punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-folk" title="Anti-folk">Anti-folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_punk" title="Gypsy punk">Gypsy punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_punk_(fusion_genre)" title="Garage punk (fusion genre)">Garage punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_punk" title="Glam punk">Glam punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">Hardcore punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatdown_hardcore" title="Beatdown hardcore">Beatdown hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_thrash" title="Crossover thrash">Crossover thrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_hardcore" title="Digital hardcore">Digital hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnacore" title="Krishnacore">Krishnacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_hardcore" title="Melodic hardcore">Melodic hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalcore" title="Metalcore">Metalcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deathcore" title="Deathcore">Deathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronicore" title="Electronicore">Electronicore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crunkcore" title="Crunkcore">Crunkcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendocore" title="Nintendocore">Nintendocore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcore" title="Mathcore">Mathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_metalcore" title="Melodic metalcore">Melodic metalcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metalcore" title="Progressive metalcore">Progressive metalcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queercore" title="Queercore">Queercore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_grrrl" title="Riot grrrl">Riot grrrl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwacore" title="Taqwacore">Taqwacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrashcore" title="Thrashcore">Thrashcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_punk" title="Horror punk">Horror punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latino_punk" title="Latino punk">Latino punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_punk" title="Nazi punk">Nazi punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi!">Oi!</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_punk" title="Street punk">Street punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-punk" title="Pop-punk">Pop-punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-tone_(music_genre)" title="Two-tone (music genre)">2 tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skate_punk" title="Skate punk">Skate punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-hardcore" title="Post-hardcore">Post-hardcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_revival" title="Emo revival">Emo revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_(music)" title="Ultra (music)">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music#Progressive_punk" title="Progressive music">Progressive punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychobilly" title="Psychobilly">Psychobilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_blues" title="Punk blues">Punk blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_funk" title="Punk funk">Punk funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz" title="Punk jazz">Punk jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_subgenres#Punk_metal" title="Punk rock subgenres">Punk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_pathetique" title="Punk pathetique">Punk pathetique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rap" title="Punk rap">Punk rap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_rap" title="Emo rap">Emo rap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_punk" title="Reggae punk">Reggae punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk">Ska punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_wave_ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Third wave ska">Third wave ska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_punk" title="Street punk">Street punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_punk_(music_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Surf punk (music genre)">Surf punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock#Synth-punk" title="Electronic rock">Synth-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scene_(subculture)" title="Scene (subculture)">Scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_metal" title="Speed metal">Speed metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">Thrash metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_in_Brazil" title="Punk in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_punk_rock" title="Canadian punk rock">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_punk" title="Estonian punk">Estonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_punk_bands" title="List of Estonian punk bands">List of bands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_punk" title="French punk">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_punk" title="German punk">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_punk" title="Greek punk">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Punk" title="Dutch Punk">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Spain" title="Punk rock in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Radical_Rock" title="Basque Radical Rock">Basque Radical Rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_in_Sweden" title="Punk in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nsrock" title="Könsrock">Könsrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trallpunk" title="Trallpunk">Trallpunk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_bands_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of punk bands from the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_punk" title="Scottish Gaelic punk">Scottish Gaelic punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States#Rock,_metal,_and_punk" title="Music of the United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_California" title="Punk rock in California">California</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Yugoslavia" title="Punk rock in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1970s_punk_rock_musicians" title="List of 1970s punk rock musicians">First wave punk musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_musicians_in_the_second_wave_of_punk_rock" title="List of musicians in the second wave of punk rock">Second wave punk musicians</a></li> <li>List of punk bands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_rock_bands,_0%E2%80%93K" title="List of punk rock bands, 0–K">#–K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_rock_bands,_L%E2%80%93Z" title="List of punk rock bands, L–Z">L–Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_filmmakers" title="List of punk filmmakers">Punk filmmakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_punk_rock" title="Women in punk rock">Women in punk rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_rock_compilation_albums" title="List of punk rock compilation albums">List of punk compilation albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_rock_festivals" title="List of punk rock festivals">List of punk rock festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_and_punk_subculture" title="Animal rights and punk subculture">Animal rights and punk subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Punk" title="Conservative Punk">Conservative Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Brian_Deneke" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Brian Deneke">Death of Brian Deneke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshing" title="Moshing">Moshing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseur" title="Poseur">Poseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">Punk subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_fashion" title="Punk fashion">Punk fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_ideologies" title="Punk ideologies">Punk ideologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_visual_art" title="Punk visual art">Punk visual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_literature" title="Punk literature">Punk literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_zine" title="Punk zine">Punk zine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puntala-rock" title="Puntala-rock">Puntala-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_edge" title="Straight edge">Straight edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Punk film">Punk films</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_films" title="List of punk films">List of punk films</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_punk_rock" title="Timeline of punk rock">Timeline of punk rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_of_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Australia" title="Template:Music of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Australia" title="Template talk:Music of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Australia" title="Music of Australia">Music of Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_music_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical music in Australia">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_country_music" title="Australian country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_folk_music" title="Australian folk music">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime_(music_genre)#Australian_grime" class="mw-redirect" title="Grime (music genre)">Grime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_immigrant_communities_in_Australia" title="Music of immigrant communities in Australia">Immigrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Indigenous music of Australia">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_hip_hop" title="Australian hip hop">Hip-hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_jazz" title="Australian jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Reggae in Australia">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Australia" title="Rock music in Australia">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rock#Australia" title="Indigenous rock">Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_indie_rock" title="Australian indie rock">Indie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_heavy_metal" title="Australian heavy metal">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(Australia)" title="Pub rock (Australia)">Pub</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="Psychedelic rock in Australia and New Zealand">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_thrash_metal" title="Australian thrash metal">Thrash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_ska" title="Australian ska">Ska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Guild_of_Screen_Composers" title="Australian Guild of Screen Composers">AGSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Independent_Record_Labels_Association" title="Australian Independent Record Labels Association">AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APRA_AMCOS" title="APRA AMCOS">APRA AMCOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association" title="Australian Recording Industry Association">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Association_of_Australia" title="Country Music Association of Australia">CMAA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIR_Awards" title="AIR Awards">AIR Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APRA_Awards_(Australia)" title="APRA Awards (Australia)">APRA Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIA_Music_Awards" title="ARIA Music Awards">ARIA Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Music_Prize" title="Australian Music Prize">Australian Music Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Women_in_Music_Awards" title="Australian Women in Music Awards">AWMA Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Awards_of_Australia" title="Country Music Awards of Australia">Country Music Awards of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadly_Awards" title="Deadly Awards">Deadly Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Music_Prize" title="Environmental Music Prize">Environmental Music Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J_Awards" title="J Awards">J Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Dreamtime_Awards" title="National Dreamtime Awards">National Dreamtime Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Music_Awards" title="National Indigenous Music Awards">National Indigenous Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Live_Music_Awards" title="National Live Music Awards">National Live Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Victoria_Awards" title="Music Victoria Awards">Music Victoria Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland_Music_Awards" title="Queensland Music Awards">Queensland Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Music_Awards" title="South Australian Music Awards">South Australian Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Australian_Music_Industry_Awards" title="West Australian Music Industry Awards">West Australian Music Industry Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIR_Charts" class="mw-redirect" title="AIR Charts">AIR Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIA_Charts" title="ARIA Charts">ARIA Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Music_Report" title="Kent Music Report">Kent Music Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rock_Across_Australia" title="The Rock Across Australia">The Rock Across Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_J_Hottest_100" title="Triple J Hottest 100">Triple J Hottest 100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_festivals_in_Australia" title="List of music festivals in Australia">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Pineapple_Music_Festival" title="Big Pineapple Music Festival">Big Pineapple Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_Festival" title="Falls Festival">Falls Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Things_(music_festival)" title="Good Things (music festival)">Good Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groovin%27_the_Moo" title="Groovin' the Moo">Groovin' the Moo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildura_Country_Music_Festival" title="Mildura Country Music Festival">Mildura Country Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Folk_Festival_(Australia)" title="National Folk Festival (Australia)">National Folk Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splendour_in_the_Grass" title="Splendour in the Grass">Splendour in the Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Jerome%27s_Laneway_Festival" title="St Jerome's Laneway Festival">St Jerome's Laneway Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamworth_Country_Music_Festival" title="Tamworth Country Music Festival">Tamworth Country Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOMADelaide" title="WOMADelaide">WOMADelaide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Day_Out" title="Big Day Out">Big Day Out</a> (1992–1997; 1999–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Bay_Bluesfest" title="Byron Bay Bluesfest">Byron Bay Bluesfest</a> (1990-2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defqon.1_Festival" title="Defqon.1 Festival">Defqon.1 Festival</a> (2009–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Music_Festival" title="Future Music Festival">Future Music Festival</a> (2006–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homebake" title="Homebake">Homebake</a> (1996; 1998–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raggamuffin_Music_Festival" title="Raggamuffin Music Festival">Raggamuffin Music Festival</a> (2008–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereosonic" title="Stereosonic">Stereosonic</a> (2008–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soundwave_(Australian_music_festival)" title="Soundwave (Australian music festival)">Soundwave</a> (2004–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summadayze" title="Summadayze">Summadayze</a> (2003–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbury_Pop_Festival" title="Sunbury Pop Festival">Sunbury Pop Festival</a> (1972–1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3RRR" title="3RRR">3RRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4ZZZ" title="4ZZZ">4ZZZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_V_Australia" title="Channel V Australia">Channel V Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Channel" title="Country Music Channel">CMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_radio#Australia" title="Community radio">Community radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countdown_(Australian_TV_program)" title="Countdown (Australian TV program)"><i>Countdown</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go-Set" title="Go-Set">Go-Set</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Max (Australian TV channel)">Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Australia_and_New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV (Australia and New Zealand)">MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Classic_(Australia_and_New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Classic (Australia and New Zealand)">MTV Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_(TV_program)" title="Rage (TV program)"><i>Rage</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Arena" title="Rock Arena">Rock Arena</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone_Australia" title="Rolling Stone Australia">Rolling Stone Australia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_J" title="Triple J">Triple J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_J_TV" title="Triple J TV">Triple J TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Hits_(Australian_TV_series)" title="Video Hits (Australian TV series)"><i>Video Hits</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National anthem</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Advance_Australia_Fair" title="Advance Australia Fair">Advance Australia Fair</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Adelaide" title="Music of Adelaide">Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brisbane" title="Music of Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canberra" title="Music of Canberra">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Melbourne" title="Music of Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Northern_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of the Northern Territory (page does not exist)">Northern Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Perth" title="Music of Perth">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sydney" title="Music of Sydney">Sydney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_trends_in_Australian_music" title="Timeline of trends in Australian music">Timeline</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/15px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/20px-GClef.svg.png 2x" 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