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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The event and the subject</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_event_and_the_subject-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'Organisation_Politique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'Organisation_Politique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>L'Organisation Politique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'Organisation_Politique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Public controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-Semitism_accusation_and_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-Semitism_accusation_and_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Anti-Semitism accusation and response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-Semitism_accusation_and_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sarkozy_pamphlet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarkozy_pamphlet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sarkozy pamphlet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarkozy_pamphlet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Philosophy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_essays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_essays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Critical essays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_essays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature_and_drama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_and_drama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Literature and drama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature_and_drama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_essays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_essays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Political essays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_essays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pamphlets_and_serial_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pamphlets_and_serial_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Pamphlets and serial publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pamphlets_and_serial_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>English translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6.2</span> <span>Journals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DVD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DVD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>DVD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DVD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lectures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lectures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Lectures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lectures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Secondary_literature_on_Badiou's_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_literature_on_Badiou's_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Secondary literature on Badiou's work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_literature_on_Badiou's_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-in_English_(books)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#in_English_(books)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>in English (books)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-in_English_(books)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_English_(journals,_essays_and_articles)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_English_(journals,_essays_and_articles)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.2</span> <span>In English (journals, essays and articles)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_English_(journals,_essays_and_articles)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_French_(books)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_French_(books)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.3</span> <span>In French (books)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_French_(books)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Basque_(books_and_articles)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Basque_(books_and_articles)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.4</span> <span>In Basque (books and articles)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Basque_(books_and_articles)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Spanish_(books_and_articles)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Spanish_(books_and_articles)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.5</span> <span>In Spanish (books and articles)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Spanish_(books_and_articles)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Critical_opinions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_opinions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Critical opinions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_opinions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alain Badiou</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88" title="ألان باديو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألان باديو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89" title="আল্যাঁ বাদিউ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আল্যাঁ বাদিউ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83" title="Ален Бадиу – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ален Бадиу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Αλαίν Μπαντιού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλαίν Μπαντιού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88" title="آلن بدیو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلن بدیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%9E%AD_%EB%B0%94%EB%94%94%EC%9A%B0" title="알랭 바디우 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알랭 바디우" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Ալեն Բադիու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալեն Բադիու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95" title="אלן באדיו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלן באדיו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A6" title="アラン・バディウ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラン・バディウ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93" title="ਐਲੇਨ ਬਾਦੀਓ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਲੇਨ ਬਾਦੀਓ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9" title="อาแล็ง บาดียู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาแล็ง บาดียู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8E" title="Ален Бадю – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ален Бадю" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alain Badiou" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8E" title="Ален Бадью – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French writer and philosopher (born 1937)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Alain Badiou</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alain_Badiou-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Alain_Badiou-2.jpg/220px-Alain_Badiou-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Alain_Badiou-2.jpg/330px-Alain_Badiou-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Alain_Badiou-2.jpg/440px-Alain_Badiou-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1651" data-file-height="2108" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Alain Badiou, 2012</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1937-01-17</span>) </span>17 January 1937<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 87)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="French Morocco">French Morocco</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">M.A.</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_philosophy" title="Contemporary philosophy">Contemporary philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">Continental philosophy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Modern_Platonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Platonism">Modern Platonism</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reims_Champagne-Ardenne" title="University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne">University of Reims</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris VIII">University of Paris VIII</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École normale supérieure</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main interests</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Set_theory" title="Set theory">Set theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category_theory" title="Category theory">category theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topos_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Topos theory">topos theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_philosophy" title="History of philosophy">history of philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mathematics" title="Philosophy of mathematics">philosophy of mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metapolitics" title="Metapolitics">metapolitics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">metaphysics</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">ontology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable ideas</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Event_(philosophy)" title="Event (philosophy)">Event</a>, ontology of the multiple, <a href="/wiki/Mathematicism" title="Mathematicism">ontology is mathematics</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Henology" title="Henology">One</a> is not, count-as-one, <a href="/wiki/Metapolitics" title="Metapolitics">metapolitics</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Maoism" title="Category:Maoism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Maoflag1.svg/100px-Maoflag1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Maoflag1.svg/150px-Maoflag1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Maoflag1.svg/200px-Maoflag1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="401" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antagonistic_contradiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Antagonistic contradiction">Antagonistic contradiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-revisionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-revisionism">Anti-revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_roader" title="Capitalist roader">Capitalist roader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprador" title="Comprador">Comprador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_revolution_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuous revolution theory">Continuous revolution theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_line" title="Mass line">Mass line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newborn_socialist_things" title="Newborn socialist things">Newborn socialist things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy" title="New Democracy">New Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Divides_into_Two" title="One Divides into Two">One Divides into Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_war" title="People's war">People's war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probable_defeat" title="Probable defeat">Probable defeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_nation#Use_in_Maoism" title="Proletarian nation">Proletarian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_base_area" title="Revolutionary base area">Revolutionary base area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seek_truth_from_facts" title="Seek truth from facts">Seek truth from facts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-criticism_(Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-criticism (Marxism–Leninism)">Self-criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_imperialism" title="Social imperialism">Social imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Worlds_Theory" title="Three Worlds Theory">Three Worlds Theory</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maoism%E2%80%93Third_Worldism" title="Maoism–Third Worldism">Maoism–Third Worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao-spontex" title="Mao-spontex">Mao-spontex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Thought" title="Gonzalo Thought">Gonzalo Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism%E2%80%93Prachanda_Path" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path">Prachanda Path</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiz_Ahmad" title="Faiz Ahmad">Faiz Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Amin" title="Samir Amin">Samir Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Avakian" title="Bob Avakian">Bob Avakian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alain Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Baidya" title="Mohan Baidya">Mohan Baidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afzal_Bangash" title="Afzal Bangash">Afzal Bangash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bettelheim" title="Charles Bettelheim">Charles Bettelheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biplav" title="Biplav">Biplav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Xilai" title="Bo Xilai">Bo Xilai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Boda" title="Chen Boda">Chen Boda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_Peng" title="Chin Peng">Chin Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Pushpa Kamal Dahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saroj_Dutta" title="Saroj Dutta">Saroj Dutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Gallagher" title="Norm Gallagher">Norm Gallagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán">Abimael Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Haywood" title="Harry Haywood">Harry Haywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Hill_(Australian_communist)" title="Ted Hill (Australian communist)">Ted Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_(activist)" title="George Jackson (activist)">George Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Kaypakkaya" title="İbrahim Kaypakkaya">İbrahim Kaypakkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Qing" title="Jiang Qing">Jiang Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Sheng" title="Kang Sheng">Kang Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Minqi" title="Li Minqi">Li Minqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charu_Majumdar" title="Charu Majumdar">Charu Majumdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mulele" title="Pierre Mulele">Pierre Mulele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Huey P. Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_Yuanzi" title="Nie Yuanzi">Nie Yuanzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Benyu" title="Qi Benyu">Qi Benyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapathy_(Maoist)" title="Ganapathy (Maoist)">Muppala Lakshmana Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Sanyal_(politician)" title="Narayan Sanyal (politician)">Narayan Sanyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_Sikder" title="Siraj Sikder">Siraj Sikder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Sison" title="Jose Maria Sison">Jose Maria Sison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen">Wang Hongwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Wenyuan" title="Yao Wenyuan">Yao Wenyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akram_Yari" title="Akram Yari">Akram Yari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Theoretical works</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Report_on_an_Investigation_of_the_Peasant_Movement_in_Hunan" title="Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan">Report on an Investigation of the Peasant<br />Movement in Hunan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1927)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Contradiction" title="On Contradiction">On Contradiction</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Practice" title="On Practice">On Practice</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Guerrilla_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="On Guerrilla Warfare">On Guerrilla Warfare</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Protracted_War" title="On Protracted War">On Protracted War</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1938)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Major_Relationships" title="Ten Major Relationships">On the Ten Major Relationships</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1956)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Correct_Handling_of_Contradictions_Among_the_People" title="On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People">On the Correct Handling of Contradictions<br />Among the People</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1957)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Critique_of_Soviet_Economics" title="A Critique of Soviet Economics">A Critique of Soviet Economics</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quotations_from_Chairman_Mao_Tse-tung" title="Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung">Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Eight_Documents" title="Historic Eight Documents">Historic Eight Documents</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1965—1966)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombard_the_Headquarters" title="Bombard the Headquarters">Bombard the Headquarters</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1966)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlers:_The_Mythology_of_the_White_Proletariat" title="Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat">Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Soviet_Republic" title="Chinese Soviet Republic">Chinese Soviet Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi_Soviet" title="Jiangxi Soviet">Jiangxi Soviet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March" title="Long March">Long March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of the People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1949%E2%80%931976)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)">1949–1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1976%E2%80%931989)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1976–1989)">1976–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1989%E2%80%932002)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1989–2002)">1989–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (2002–present)">2002–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_to_Suppress_Counterrevolutionaries" title="Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries">Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward" title="Great Leap Forward">Great Leap Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Power_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Power movement">Black Power movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16_May_Notification" title="16 May Notification">16 May Notification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_August" title="Red August">Red August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Storm" title="January Storm">January Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_to_the_Countryside_Movement" title="Down to the Countryside Movement">Down to the Countryside 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maoism_sidebar" title="Template:Maoism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maoism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Maoism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maoism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maoism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alain Badiou</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[alɛ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>badju]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/15\/Fr-Alain_Badiou.oga\/Fr-Alain_Badiou.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-Alain Badiou.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/Fr-Alain_Badiou.oga/Fr-Alain_Badiou.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-Alain_Badiou.oga" title="File:Fr-Alain Badiou.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; born 17 January 1937) is a French philosopher, formerly chair of Philosophy at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École normale supérieure</a> (ENS) and founder of the faculty of Philosophy of the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Paris_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Université de Paris VIII">Université de Paris VIII</a> with <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Gilles Deleuze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard" title="Jean-François Lyotard">Jean-François Lyotard</a>. Badiou's work is heavily informed by philosophical applications of mathematics, in particular set theory and category theory. Badiou's "Being and Event" project considers the concepts of <a href="/wiki/Being" class="mw-redirect" title="Being">being</a>, <a href="/wiki/Truth" title="Truth">truth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Event_(philosophy)" title="Event (philosophy)">event</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Subject_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject (philosophy)">subject</a> defined by a rejection of linguistic relativism seen as typical of postwar French thought. Unlike his peers, Badiou openly believes in the idea of universalism and truth. His work is notable for his widespread applications of various conceptions of indifference. Badiou has been involved in a number of political organisations, and regularly comments on political events. Badiou argues for a return of <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a> as a political force.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Badiou is the son of the mathematician <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Badiou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Badiou (page does not exist)">Raymond Badiou</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Badiou" class="extiw" title="fr:Raymond Badiou">fr</a>]</sup> (1905–1996), who was a working member of the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">Resistance</a> in France during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Alain Badiou was a student at the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Louis-Le-Grand" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycée Louis-Le-Grand">Lycée Louis-Le-Grand</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a> (1955–1960).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1960, he wrote his <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27%C3%A9tudes_sup%C3%A9rieures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diplôme d'études supérieures (page does not exist)">diplôme d'études supérieures</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/dipl%C3%B4me_d%27%C3%A9tudes_sup%C3%A9rieures" class="extiw" title="fr:diplôme d'études supérieures">fr</a>]</span></i> (roughly equivalent to an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a> thesis) on <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a> for <a href="/wiki/Georges_Canguilhem" title="Georges Canguilhem">Georges Canguilhem</a> (the topic was "Structures of Demonstration in the First Two Books of Spinoza's <a href="/wiki/Ethics_(Spinoza)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethics (Spinoza)">Ethics</a>", "Structures démonstratives dans les deux premiers livres de l'Éthique de Spinoza").<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He taught at the lycée in <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> from 1963 where he became a close friend of fellow playwright (and philosopher) <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Regnault" title="François Regnault">François Regnault</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cahiers_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cahiers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and published two novels before moving first to the faculty of letters of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reims_Champagne-Ardenne" title="University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne">University of Reims</a> (the <i>collège littéraire universitaire</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris VIII">University of Paris VIII</a> (Vincennes-Saint Denis) in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-www.web.mdx.ac.uk_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.web.mdx.ac.uk-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Badiou was politically active very early on, and was one of the founding members of the <a href="/wiki/Unified_Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Unified Socialist Party (France)">Unified Socialist Party</a> (PSU). The PSU was particularly active in the struggle for the <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">decolonization</a> of Algeria. He wrote his first novel, <i>Almagestes</i>, in 1964. In 1967 he joined a study group organized by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a>, became increasingly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lacan" title="Jacques Lacan">Jacques Lacan</a> and became a member of the editorial board of <i><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_pour_l%27Analyse" title="Cahiers pour l'Analyse">Cahiers pour l'Analyse</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-www.web.mdx.ac.uk_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.web.mdx.ac.uk-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By then he "already had a solid grounding in mathematics and logic (along with <a href="/wiki/Lacanianism" title="Lacanianism">Lacanian theory</a>)",<sup id="cite_ref-www.web.mdx.ac.uk_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.web.mdx.ac.uk-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his own two contributions to the pages of <i>Cahiers</i> "anticipate many of the distinctive concerns of his later philosophy".<sup id="cite_ref-www.web.mdx.ac.uk_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.web.mdx.ac.uk-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/May_1968_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1968 in France">student uprisings of May 1968</a> reinforced Badiou's commitment to the far Left, and he participated in increasingly militant groups, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_des_communistes_de_France_marxiste-l%C3%A9niniste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union des communistes de France marxiste-léniniste (page does not exist)">Union des communistes de France marxiste-léniniste</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_des_communistes_de_France_marxiste-l%C3%A9niniste" class="extiw" title="fr:Union des communistes de France marxiste-léniniste">fr</a>]</sup> (UCFml). To quote Badiou himself, the UCFml is "the <a href="/wiki/Maoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Maoist">Maoist</a> organization established in late 1969 by <a href="/wiki/Natacha_Michel" title="Natacha Michel">Natacha Michel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Lazarus" title="Sylvain Lazarus">Sylvain Lazarus</a>, myself and a fair number of young people".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, Badiou joined the faculty of the newly founded University of Paris VIII (Vincennes-Saint Denis) which was a bastion of counter-cultural thought. There he engaged in fierce intellectual debates with fellow professors <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Gilles Deleuze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard" title="Jean-François Lyotard">Jean-François Lyotard</a>, whose philosophical works he considered unhealthy deviations from the Althusserian program of a scientific <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>. </p><p>In the 1980s, as both Althusserian <a href="/wiki/Structural_Marxism" title="Structural Marxism">structural Marxism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lacanian_psychoanalysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacanian psychoanalysis">Lacanian psychoanalysis</a> went into decline (after Lacan died and Althusser was committed to a psychiatric hospital), Badiou published more technical and <a href="/wiki/Abstraction" title="Abstraction">abstract</a> philosophical works, such as <i>Théorie du sujet</i> (1982), and his magnum opus, <i>Being and Event</i> (1988). Nonetheless, Badiou has never renounced Althusser or Lacan, and sympathetic references to Marxism and psychoanalysis are not uncommon in his more recent works (most notably <i>Petit panthéon portatif</i> / <i>Pocket Pantheon</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Pantheon_Lacan_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pantheon_Lacan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pantheon_Althusser_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pantheon_Althusser-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He took up his current position at the ENS in 1999. He is also associated with a number of other institutions, such as the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_International_de_Philosophie" class="mw-redirect" title="Collège International de Philosophie">Collège International de Philosophie</a>. He was a member of <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Organisation_Politique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Organisation Politique (page does not exist)">L'Organisation Politique</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_politique" class="extiw" title="fr:Organisation politique">fr</a>]</sup> which, as mentioned above, he founded in 1985 with some comrades from the Maoist UCFml. This organization disbanded in 2007, according to the French Wikipedia article (linked to in the previous sentence). In 2002, he was a co-founder of the Centre International d'Etude de la Philosophie Française Contemporaine, alongside <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yves_Duroux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yves Duroux (page does not exist)">Yves Duroux</a> and his former student <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Meillassoux" title="Quentin Meillassoux">Quentin Meillassoux</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Badiou has also enjoyed success as a dramatist with plays such as <i>Ahmed le Subtil</i>. </p><p>In the last decade, an increasing number of Badiou's works have been translated into English, such as <i>Ethics</i>, <i>Deleuze</i>, <i>Manifesto for Philosophy</i>, <i>Metapolitics</i>, and <i>Being and Event</i>. Short pieces by Badiou have likewise appeared in American and English periodicals, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Lacanian_Ink" title="Lacanian Ink">Lacanian Ink</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/New_Left_Review" title="New Left Review">New Left Review</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Radical_Philosophy" title="Radical Philosophy">Radical Philosophy</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_and_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmos and History">Cosmos and History</a></i> and <i>Parrhesia</i>. Unusually for a contemporary European philosopher his work is increasingly being taken up by militants in countries like India, the Democratic Republic of Congo and South Africa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2014–15, Badiou had the role of Honorary President at <a href="/wiki/The_Global_Center_for_Advanced_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="The Global Center for Advanced Studies">The Global Center for Advanced Studies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gcas_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcas-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key_concepts">Key concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Key concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Badiou makes repeated use of several concepts throughout his philosophy, which he discerns from close readings of the philosophical literature from the classical period. His own method cannot be fully understood if it is not situated within the tradition of French academic philosophy. Badiou's work engages a detailed decrypting of texts, in line with philosophers such as <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deleuze" class="mw-redirect" title="Deleuze">Deleuze</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Balibar" title="Étienne Balibar">Balibar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bourdieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourdieu">Bourdieu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derrida" class="mw-redirect" title="Derrida">Derrida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bouveresse" title="Jacques Bouveresse">Bouveresse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pascal_Engel" title="Pascal Engel">Engel</a>, all of whom he studied with at the Ecole Normale Superieure. </p><p>One of the aims of his thought is to show that his categories of truth are useful for any type of philosophical critique. Therefore, he uses them to interrogate art and history as well as ontology and scientific discovery. Johannes Thumfart argues that Badiou's philosophy can be regarded as a contemporary reinterpretation of <a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conditions">Conditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Badiou, philosophy is suspended from four conditions (art, love, politics, and science), each of them fully independent "truth procedures." (For Badiou's notion of truth procedures, see below.) Badiou consistently maintains throughout his work (but most systematically in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manifesto_for_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manifesto for Philosophy (page does not exist)">Manifesto for Philosophy</a></i>) that philosophy must avoid the temptation to suture itself ('sew itself', that is, to hand over its entire intellectual effort) to any of these independent truth procedures. When philosophy does suture itself to one of its conditions (and Badiou argues that the history of philosophy during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is primarily a history of sutures), what results is a philosophical "disaster." Consequently, philosophy is, according to Badiou, a thinking of the <i>compossibility</i> of the several truth procedures, whether this is undertaken through the investigation of the intersections between distinct truth procedures (the intersection of art and love in the novel, for instance), or whether this is undertaken through the more traditionally philosophical work of addressing categories like truth or the subject (concepts that are, as concepts, external to the individual truth procedures, though they are functionally operative in the truth procedures themselves). For Badiou, when philosophy addresses the four truth procedures in a genuinely philosophical manner, rather than through a suturing abandonment of philosophy as such, it speaks of them with a theoretical terminology that marks its philosophical character: "inaesthetics" rather than art; metapolitics rather than politics; ontology rather than science; etc. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Truth" title="Truth">Truth</a>, for Badiou, is a specifically philosophical category. While philosophy's several conditions are, on their own terms, "truth procedures" (i.e., they produce truths as they are pursued), it is only philosophy that can speak of the several truth procedures <i>as</i> truth procedures. (The lover, for instance, does not think of her love as a question of truth, but simply and rightly as a question of love. Only the philosopher sees in the true lover's love the unfolding of a truth.) Badiou has a very rigorous notion of truth, one that is strongly against the grain of much of contemporary European thought. Badiou at once embraces the traditional modernist notion that truths are genuinely invariant (always and everywhere the case, eternal and unchanging) and the incisively postmodernist notion that truths are constructed through processes. Badiou's theory of truth, exposited throughout his work, accomplishes this strange mixture by uncoupling invariance from self-evidence (such that invariance does not imply self-evidence), as well as by uncoupling constructedness from relativity (such that constructedness does not lead to relativism). </p><p>The idea, here, is that a truth's invariance makes it genuinely indiscernible: because a truth is everywhere and always the case, it passes unnoticed unless there is a rupture in the laws of being and appearance, during which the truth in question becomes, but only for a passing moment, discernible. Such a rupture is what Badiou calls an event, according to a theory originally worked out in <i><a href="/wiki/Being_and_Event" class="mw-redirect" title="Being and Event">Being and Event</a></i> and fleshed out in important ways in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Logics_of_Worlds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logics of Worlds (page does not exist)">Logics of Worlds</a></i>. The individual who chances to witness such an event, if he is faithful to what he has glimpsed, can then introduce the truth by naming it into worldly situations. For Badiou, it is by positioning oneself to the truth of an event that a human animal becomes a <a href="/wiki/Subject_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject (philosophy)">subject</a>; subjectivity is not an inherent human trait. According to a process or procedure that subsequently unfolds only if those who subject themselves to the glimpsed truth continue to be faithful in the work of announcing the truth in question, genuine knowledge is produced (knowledge often appears in Badiou's work under the title of the "veridical"). While such knowledge is produced in the process of being faithful to a truth event, for Badiou, knowledge, in the figure of the encyclopedia, always remains fragile, subject to what may yet be produced as faithful subjects of the event produce further knowledge. According to Badiou, truth procedures proceed to infinity, such that faith (fidelity) outstrips knowledge. (Badiou, following both <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lacan" title="Jacques Lacan">Lacan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heidegger" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidegger">Heidegger</a>, distances truth from knowledge.) The dominating ideology of the day, which Badiou terms "democratic materialism," denies the existence of truth and only recognizes "<a href="/wiki/Physical_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical body">bodies</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages">languages</a>." Badiou proposes a turn towards the "<a href="/wiki/Materialist_dialectic" class="mw-redirect" title="Materialist dialectic">materialist dialectic</a>," which recognizes that there are only bodies and languages, <i>except</i> there are also truths. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inaesthetic">Inaesthetic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Inaesthetic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i>Handbook of Inaesthetics</i> Badiou both draws on the original Greek meaning and the later Kantian concept of "aesthesis" as "material perception" and coins the phrase "inaesthetic" to refer to a concept of artistic creation that denies "the reflection/object relation" yet, at the same time, in reaction against the idea of <a href="/wiki/Mimesis" title="Mimesis">mimesis</a>, or poetic reflection of "nature", he affirms that art is "immanent" and "singular". Art is immanent in the sense that its truth is given in its immediacy in a given work of art, and singular in that its truth is found in art and art alone – hence reviving the ancient materialist concept of "aesthesis". His view of the link between philosophy and art is tied into the motif of pedagogy, which he claims functions so as to "arrange the forms of knowledge in a way that some truth may come to pierce a hole in them". He develops these ideas with examples from the prose of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a> and the poetry of <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Stéphane Mallarmé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Fernando Pessoa</a> (who he argues has developed a body of work that philosophy is currently incapable of incorporating), among others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Being_and_Event"><i>Being and Event</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Being and Event"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The major propositions of Badiou's philosophy all find their basis in <i>Being and Event</i>, in which he continues his attempt (which he began in <i>Théorie du sujet</i>) to reconcile a notion of the subject with ontology, and in particular <a href="/wiki/Post-structuralism" title="Post-structuralism">post-structuralist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constructivist_epistemology" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructivist epistemology">constructivist</a> ontologies.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A frequent criticism of post-structuralist work is that it prohibits, through its fixation on <a href="/wiki/Semiotics" title="Semiotics">semiotics</a> and language, any notion of a subject. Badiou's work is, by his own admission,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an attempt to break out of contemporary philosophy's fixation upon language, which he sees almost as a straitjacket. This effort leads him, in <i>Being and Event</i>, to combine rigorous mathematical formulae with his readings of poets such as <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Mallarmé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Hölderlin</a> and religious thinkers such as <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Pascal</a>. His philosophy draws upon both 'analytical' and 'continental' traditions. In Badiou's own opinion, this combination places him awkwardly relative to his contemporaries, meaning that his work had been only slowly taken up.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Being and Event</i> offers an example of this slow uptake, in fact: it was translated into English only in 2005, a full seventeen years after its French publication. </p><p>As is implied in the title of the book, two elements mark the thesis of <i>Being and Event</i>: the place of ontology, or 'the science of being qua being' (being in itself), and the place of the event – which is seen as a rupture in being – through which the subject finds realization and reconciliation with truth. This situation of being and the rupture which characterizes the event are thought in terms of <a href="/wiki/Set_theory" title="Set theory">set theory</a>, and specifically <a href="/wiki/Zermelo%E2%80%93Fraenkel_set_theory" title="Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory">Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Axiom_of_choice" title="Axiom of choice">axiom of choice</a>. In short, the event is a truth caused by a hidden "part" or set appearing within existence; this part escapes language and known existence, and thus being itself lacks the terms and resources to fully process the event. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mathematics_as_ontology">Mathematics as ontology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mathematics as ontology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For Badiou the problem which the <a href="/wiki/Greek_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek philosophy">Greek</a> tradition of philosophy has faced and never satisfactorily dealt with is that while beings themselves are plural, and thought in terms of multiplicity, being itself is thought to be singular; that is, <i>it</i> is thought in terms of the one. He proposes as the solution to this impasse the following declaration: that the <a href="/wiki/Henology" title="Henology">One</a> is not (<i>l'Un n'est pas</i>). This is why Badiou accords set theory (the axioms of which he refers to as the "ideas of the multiple") such stature, and refers to mathematics as the very place of ontology: Only set theory allows one to conceive a 'pure doctrine of the multiple'. Set theory does not operate in terms of definite individual elements in groupings but only functions insofar as what belongs to a set is of the same relation as that set (that is, another set too). What individuates a set, therefore, is not an existential positive proposition, but other multiples whose properties (i.e., <i>structural</i> relations) validate its presentation. The <i>structure</i> of being thus secures the regime of the count-as-one. So if one is to think of a set – for instance, the set of people, or humanity – as counting as one, the multiple elements which belong to that set are secured as one consistent concept (humanity), but only in terms of what does <i>not</i> belong to that set. What is crucial for Badiou is that the structural form of the count-as-one, which makes multiplicities thinkable, implies (somehow or other) that the proper name of <i>being</i> does not belong to an <i>element</i> as such (an original 'one'), but rather the void set (written Ø), the set to which nothing (not even the void set itself) belongs. It may help to understand the concept 'count-as-one' if it is associated with the concept of 'terming': a multiple is <i>not</i> one, but it is referred to with 'multiple': one word. To count a set as one is to mention that set. How the being of terms such as 'multiple' does not contradict the non-being of the one can be understood by considering the multiple nature of terminology: for there to be a term without there also being a system of terminology, within which the difference between terms gives context and meaning to any one term, is impossible. 'Terminology' implies precisely difference between terms (thus multiplicity) as the condition for meaning. The idea of a term without meaning is incoherent, the count-as-one is a <i>structural effect</i> or a <i>situational operation</i>; it is not an event of 'truth'. Multiples which are 'composed' or 'consistent' are count-effects. 'Inconsistent multiplicity' [<i>meaning?</i>] is [somehow or other] 'the presentation of presentation.' </p><p>Badiou's use of set theory in this manner is not just illustrative or <a href="/wiki/Heuristic" title="Heuristic">heuristic</a>. Badiou uses the <a href="/wiki/Axiom" title="Axiom">axioms</a> of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory to identify the relationship of being to history, Nature, the State, and God. Most significantly this use means that (as with set theory) there is a strict prohibition on self-belonging; a set cannot contain or belong to itself. This results from the <a href="/wiki/Axiom_of_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Axiom of foundation">axiom of foundation</a> – or the axiom of regularity – which enacts such a prohibition (cf. p. 190 in <i>Being and Event</i>). (This axiom states that every non-empty set A contains an element y that is <a href="/wiki/Disjoint_sets" title="Disjoint sets">disjoint</a> from A.) Badiou's philosophy draws two major implications from this prohibition. Firstly, it secures the inexistence of the 'one': there cannot be a grand overarching set, and thus it is fallacious to conceive of a grand cosmos, a whole Nature, or a Being of God. Badiou is therefore – against <a href="/wiki/Georg_Cantor" title="Georg Cantor">Georg Cantor</a>, from whom he draws heavily – staunchly <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheist</a>. However, secondly, this prohibition prompts him to introduce the event. Because, according to Badiou, the axiom of foundation 'founds' all sets in the void, it ties all being to the historico-social situation of the multiplicities of de-centred sets – thereby effacing the positivity of subjective action, or an entirely 'new' occurrence. And whilst this is acceptable ontologically, it is unacceptable, Badiou holds, philosophically. Set theory mathematics has consequently 'pragmatically abandoned' an area which philosophy cannot. And so, Badiou argues, there is therefore only one possibility remaining: that ontology can say nothing about the event. </p><p>Several critics have questioned Badiou's use of mathematics. Mathematician <a href="/wiki/Alan_Sokal" title="Alan Sokal">Alan Sokal</a> and physicist <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bricmont" title="Jean Bricmont">Jean Bricmont</a> write that Badiou proposes, with seemingly "utter seriousness," a blending of psychoanalysis, politics and <a href="/wiki/Set_theory" title="Set theory">set theory</a> that they contend is preposterous.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, philosopher and aesthetics writer <a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Roger Scruton</a> has questioned Badiou's grasp of the foundation of mathematics, writing in 2012: </p> <dl><dd>There is no evidence that I can find in <i>Being and Event</i> that the author really understands what he is talking about when he invokes (as he constantly does) Georg Cantor's theory of transfinite cardinals, the axioms of set theory, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_incompleteness_theorems" title="Gödel's incompleteness theorems">Gödel's incompleteness proof</a> or <a href="/wiki/Continuum_hypothesis" title="Continuum hypothesis">Paul Cohen's proof of the independence of the continuum hypothesis</a>. When these things appear in Badiou's texts it is always allusively, with fragments of symbolism detached from the context that endows them with sense, and often with free variables and bound variables colliding randomly. No proof is clearly stated or examined, and the jargon of set theory is waved like a magician's wand, to give authority to bursts of all but unintelligible metaphysics.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>An example of a critique from a mathematician's point of view is the essay 'Badiou's Number: A Critique of Mathematics as Ontology' by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricardo_L._Nirenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ricardo L. Nirenberg (page does not exist)">Ricardo L. Nirenberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Nirenberg" title="David Nirenberg">David Nirenberg</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which takes issue in particular with Badiou's matheme of the Event in <i>Being and Event</i>, which has already been alluded to in respect of the 'axiom of foundation' above. Nirenberg and Nirenberg write: </p> <dl><dd>Rather than being defined in terms of objects previously defined, <i>e<sub>x</sub></i> is here defined in terms of itself; you must already have it in order to define it. Set theorists call this a not-well-founded set. This kind of set never appears in mathematics – not least because it produces an unmathematical <i>mise-en-abîme</i>: if we replace <i>e<sub>x</sub></i> inside the bracket by its expression as a bracket, we can go on doing this forever – and so can hardly be called "a matheme."'</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_event_and_the_subject">The event and the subject</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The event and the subject"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Badiou again turns here to mathematics and set theory – Badiou's language of ontology – to study the possibility of an indiscernible element existing extrinsically to the situation of ontology. He employs the strategy of the mathematician <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cohen_(mathematician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Cohen (mathematician)">Paul J. Cohen</a>, using what are called the <i>conditions</i> of sets. These conditions are thought of in terms of domination, a domination being that which defines a set. (If one takes, in binary language, the set with the condition 'items marked only with ones', any item marked with zero negates the property of the set. The condition which has only ones is thus dominated by any condition which has zeros in it [cf. pp. 367–371 in <i>Being and Event</i>].) Badiou reasons using these conditions that every discernible (nameable or constructible) set is dominated by the conditions which don't possess the property that makes it discernible as a set. (The property 'one' is always dominated by 'not one'.) These sets are, in line with constructible ontology, relative to one's being-in-the-world and one's being in language (where sets and concepts, such as the concept 'humanity', get their names). However, he continues, the dominations themselves are, whilst being relative concepts, not necessarily intrinsic to language and constructible thought; rather one can axiomatically define a domination – in the terms of mathematical ontology – as a set of conditions such that any condition outside the domination is dominated by at least one term inside the domination. One does not necessarily need to refer to constructible language to conceive of a 'set of dominations', which he refers to as the indiscernible set, or the generic set. It is therefore, he continues, possible to think beyond the strictures of the relativistic constructible universe of language, by a process Cohen calls <a href="/wiki/Forcing_(mathematics)" title="Forcing (mathematics)">forcing</a>. And he concludes in following that while ontology can mark out a space for an inhabitant of the constructible situation to decide upon the indiscernible, it falls to the subject – about which the ontological situation cannot comment – to nominate this indiscernible, this generic point; and thus nominate, and give name to, the undecidable event. Badiou thereby marks out a philosophy by which to refute the apparent relativism or apoliticism in post-structuralist thought. </p><p>Badiou's ultimate ethical maxim is therefore one of: 'decide upon the undecidable'. It is to name the indiscernible, the generic set, and thus name the event that re-casts ontology in a new light. He identifies four domains in which a subject (who, it is important to note, <i>becomes</i> a subject through this process) can potentially witness an event: love, science, politics and art. By enacting fidelity to the event within these four domains one performs a 'generic procedure', which in its undecidability is necessarily experimental, and one potentially recasts the situation in which being takes place. Through this maintenance of fidelity, truth has the potentiality to emerge. </p><p>In line with his concept of the event, Badiou maintains, politics is not about politicians, but activism based on the present situation and the evental [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] (his translators' neologism) rupture. So too does love have this characteristic of becoming <i>anew</i>. Even in science the guesswork that marks the event is prominent. He vigorously rejects the tag of '<a href="/wiki/Decisionism" title="Decisionism">decisionist</a>' (the idea that once something is decided it 'becomes true'), but rather argues that the recasting of a truth comes prior to its veracity or verifiability. As he says of <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a> (p. 401): </p> <dl><dd><i>When Galileo announced the principle of inertia, he was still separated from the truth of the new physics by all the chance encounters that are named in subjects such as Descartes or Newton. How could he, with the names he fabricated and displaced (because they were at hand – 'movement', 'equal proportion', etc.), have supposed the veracity of his principle for the situation to-come that was the establishment of modern science; that is, the supplementation of his situation with the indiscernible and unfinishable part that one has to name 'rational physics'?</i></dd></dl> <p>While Badiou is keen to reject an equivalence between politics and philosophy, he correlates nonetheless his political activism and skepticism toward the parliamentary-democratic process with his philosophy, based around singular, situated truths, and potential revolutions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L'Organisation_Politique"><span id="L.27Organisation_Politique"></span>L'Organisation Politique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: L'Organisation Politique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alain Badiou is a founding member (along with <a href="/wiki/Natacha_Michel" title="Natacha Michel">Natacha Michel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Lazarus" title="Sylvain Lazarus">Sylvain Lazarus</a>) of the militant French political organisation L'Organisation Politique, which was active from 1985 until it disbanded in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It called itself a post-party organization concerned with direct popular intervention in a wide range of issues (including immigration, labor, and housing). In addition to numerous writings and interventions, L'Organisation Politique highlighted the importance of developing political prescriptions concerning undocumented migrants (<i>les sans papiers</i>), stressing that they must be conceived primarily as workers and not immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_controversies">Public controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Public controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-Semitism_accusation_and_response">Anti-Semitism accusation and response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Anti-Semitism accusation and response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, a controversy in Parisian intellectual life erupted after the publication of Badiou's <i>Circonstances 3: Portées du mot 'juif'</i> ("The Uses of the Word 'Jew'"). The author criticised Israel's "<a href="/wiki/Identitarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Identitarianism">identitarian</a> claim to be a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a>" and advocated for a secular Palestine in its place.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This book generated a strong response, and the wrangling became a <i>cause célèbre</i> with articles going back and forth in the French newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> and in the cultural journal <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Temps_modernes" title="Les Temps modernes">Les Temps modernes</a></i>. Linguist and Lacanian philosopher <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Milner" title="Jean-Claude Milner">Jean-Claude Milner</a>, a past president of <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_international_de_philosophie" title="Collège international de philosophie">Collège international de philosophie</a>, accused Badiou of <a href="/wiki/Anti-Semitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Semitism">anti-Semitism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Badiou forcefully rebutted this charge, declaring that his accusers often conflate a nation-state with religious preference and will label as anti-Semitic anyone who objects to this tendency: "It is wholly intolerable to be accused of anti-Semitism by anyone for the sole reason that, from the fact of the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">extermination</a>, one does not conclude as to the predicate "Jew" and its religious and communitarian dimension that it receive some singular valorization – a transcendent annunciation! – nor that <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel" title="Politics of Israel">Israeli exactions</a>, whose colonial nature is patent and banal, be specially tolerated. I propose that nobody any longer accept, publicly or privately, this type of political blackmail."<sup id="cite_ref-Corcoran_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corcoran-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Badiou characterizes the state of Israel as "neither more nor less impure than all states", but objects to "its exclusive identitarian claim to be a Jewish state, and the way it draws incessant privileges from this claim, especially when it comes to trampling underfoot what serves us as international law." For example, he continues, "The Islamic states are certainly no more progressive as models than the various versions of the 'Arab nation' were. Everyone agrees, it seems, on the point that the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> do not embody the path of modernity for <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.”<sup id="cite_ref-Corcoran_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corcoran-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A modern democracy, he writes, must count all its residents as citizens, and "there is no acceptable reason to exempt the state of Israel from that rule. The claim is sometimes made that this state is the only 'democratic' state in the region. But the fact that this state presents itself as a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a> is directly contradictory."<sup id="cite_ref-Corcoran_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corcoran-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Badiou is optimistic that ongoing political problems can be resolved by de-emphasizing the communitarian religious dimension: "The signifier 'Palestinian' or 'Arab' should not be glorified any more than is permitted for the signifier 'Jew.' As a result, the legitimate solution to the Middle East conflict is not the dreadful institution of two barbed-wire states. The solution is the creation of a secular and democratic Palestine...which would show that it is perfectly possible to create a place in these lands where, from a political point of view and regardless of the apolitical continuity of customs, there is 'neither Arab nor Jew.' This will undoubtedly demand a regional <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Corcoran_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corcoran-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sarkozy_pamphlet">Sarkozy pamphlet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sarkozy pamphlet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alain Badiou gained notoriety in 2007 with his pamphlet <i>The Meaning of <a href="/wiki/Sarkozy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarkozy">Sarkozy</a></i> (<i>De quoi Sarkozy est-il le nom?</i>), which quickly sold 60,000 copies, whereas for 40 years the sales of his books had oscillated between 2,000 and 6,000 copies.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> As Rafael Bahr pointed out at the time (in 2009), Badiou despised Sarkozy and barely could write his name. Instead, Badiou usually called Sarkozy "the Rat Man" throughout <i>The Meaning of Sarkozy.</i><sup id="cite_ref-auto_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Steven_Poole" title="Steven Poole">Steven Poole</a> also pointed out that this characterization (Rat Man) brought charges of antisemitism against Badiou.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But as Bahr notes, the controversy went beyond antisemitism, striking at the heart of what it means to be French:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>“[Badiou] sees Sarkozy as the embodiment of a strain of moral cowardice in French politics, in which the defining moment was the installation of <a href="/wiki/Marshal_P%C3%A9tain" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshal Pétain">Marshal Pétain</a> as head of the pro-Nazi collaborationist government. For Badiou, Sarkozy is a symbol of "transcendent <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9tainism" class="mw-redirect" title="Pétainism">Pétainism</a>".”<sup id="cite_ref-auto_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fisher" title="Mark Fisher">Mark Fisher</a> was impressed with Badiou’s efforts: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>“The book treats Sarkozy as an emblem of a particular kind of reactionary politics, and identifies him with an attempt to kill off that which is officially already dead: the emancipatory project that, defiantly, Badiou still calls communism. Badiou claims that Sarkozy’s rise is the return of a kind of ‘Pétainist’ mass subjectivity first instigated by the Vichy regime’s collaboration with the Nazis in World War II; the enemy that is being acquiesced to now, though, is of course capital.”<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Le Concept de modèle</i> (1969, 2007)</li> <li><i>Théorie du sujet</i> (1982)</li> <li><i>Peut-on penser la politique?</i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Atre_et_l%27%C3%89v%C3%A9nement" title="L'Être et l'Événement">L'Être et l'Événement</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i>Manifeste pour la philosophie</i> (1989)</li> <li><i>Le Nombre et les Nombres</i> (1990)</li> <li><i>D'un désastre obscur</i> (1991)</li> <li><i>Conditions</i> (1992)</li> <li><i>L'Éthique</i> (1993)</li> <li><i>Deleuze</i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Saint Paul</a>. La Fondation de l'universalisme</i> (1997, 2002)</li> <li><i>Abrégé de métapolitique</i> (1998)</li> <li><i>Court traité d'ontologie transitoire</i> (1998)</li> <li><i>Petit manuel d'inesthétique</i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Century_(book)" title="The Century (book)">Le Siècle</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i>Logiques des mondes. L'être et l'événement, 2</i> (2006)</li> <li><i>Petit panthéon portatif</i> (2008)</li> <li><i>Second manifeste pour la philosophie</i> (2009)</li> <li><i>L'Antiphilosophie de Wittgenstein</i> (2009)</li> <li><i>Éloge de l'Amour</i> (2009)</li> <li><i>Heidegger. Le nazisme, les femmes, la philosophie</i> co-authored with <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Cassin" title="Barbara Cassin">Barbara Cassin</a> (2010)</li> <li><i>Il n'y a pas de rapport sexuel</i> co-authored with Barbara Cassin (2010)</li> <li><i>La Philosophie et l'Événement</i> interviews with Fabien Tarby (ed.) (2010)</li> <li><i>Cinq leçons sur le cas Wagner</i> (2010)</li> <li><i>Le Fini et l'Infini</i> (2010)</li> <li><i>La Relation énigmatique entre politique et philosophie</i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_R%C3%A9publique_de_Platon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La République de Platon (page does not exist)">La République de Platon</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_de_Platon" class="extiw" title="fr:La République de Platon">fr</a>]</span></i> (2012)</li> <li><i>L'Aventure de la philosophie française</i> (2012)</li> <li><i>Jacques Lacan, passé présent: Dialogue</i> (2012)</li> <li><i>De la fin. Conversations</i> with Giovanbattista Tusa (2017)</li> <li><i>L'Immanence des vérités </i> (2018)</li> <li><i>Sometimes, We Are Eternal</i> with Kenneth Reinhard, Jana Ndiaye Berankova, Nick Nesbitt (Suture Press 2019)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_essays">Critical essays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Critical essays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>L'autonomie du processus esthétique</i> (1966)</li> <li><i>Rhapsodie pour le théâtre</i> (1990)</li> <li><i>Beckett, l'increvable désir</i> (1995)</li> <li><i>Cinéma</i> (2010)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature_and_drama">Literature and drama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Literature and drama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Almagestes</i> (1964)</li> <li><i>Portulans</i> (1967)</li> <li><i>L'Écharpe rouge</i> (1979)</li> <li><i>Ahmed le subtil</i> (1994)</li> <li><i>Ahmed philosophe</i>, followed by <i>Ahmed se fâche</i> (1995)</li> <li><i>Les Citrouilles</i>, a comedy (1996)</li> <li><i>Calme bloc ici-bas</i> (1997)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_essays">Political essays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Political essays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Théorie de la contradiction</i> (1975)</li> <li><i>De l'idéologie</i> with F. Balmès (1976)</li> <li><i>Le Noyau rationnel de la dialectique hégelienne</i> with L. Mossot and J. Bellassen (1977)</li> <li><i>Circonstances 1: Kosovo, 11 septembre, Chirac/Le Pen</i> (2003)</li> <li><i>Circonstances 2: Irak, foulard, Allemagne/France</i> (2004)</li> <li><i>Circonstances 3: Portées du mot "juif"</i> (2005)</li> <li><i>Circonstances 4: De quoi Sarkozy est-il le nom ?</i> (2007)</li> <li><i>Circonstances 5: L'Hypothèse communiste</i> (2009)</li> <li><i>Circonstances 6: Le Réveil de l'Histoire</i> (2011)</li> <li><i>Circonstances 7: Sarkozy : pire que prévu, les autres : prévoir le pire</i> (2012)</li> <li><i>Mao. De la pratique et de la contradiction</i> with <a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Slavoj Žižek</a> (2008)</li> <li><i>Démocratie, dans quel état ?</i> with <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Giorgio Agamben</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bensa%C3%AFd" title="Daniel Bensaïd">Daniel Bensaïd</a>, Wendy Brown, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Nancy" title="Jean-Luc Nancy">Jean-Luc Nancy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ranci%C3%A8re" title="Jacques Rancière">Jacques Rancière</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristin_Ross" title="Kristin Ross">Kristin Ross</a> and Slavoj Žižek (2009)</li> <li><i>L'Idée du communisme vol. 1 (London Conference, 2009)</i> (<b>Alain Badiou</b> and Slavoj Žižek eds.), with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Balso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judith Balso (page does not exist)">Judith Balso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Bosteels" title="Bruno Bosteels">Bruno Bosteels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Buck-Morss" title="Susan Buck-Morss">Susan Buck-Morss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Eagleton" title="Terry Eagleton">Terry Eagleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hallward" title="Peter Hallward">Peter Hallward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hardt" title="Michael Hardt">Michael Hardt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minqi_Li" class="mw-redirect" title="Minqi Li">Minqi Li</a>, Jean-Luc Nancy, <a href="/wiki/Toni_Negri" class="mw-redirect" title="Toni Negri">Toni Negri</a>, Jacques Rancière, Alessandro Russo, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Toscano" title="Roberto Toscano">Roberto Toscano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Vattimo" title="Gianni Vattimo">Gianni Vattimo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wang_Hui_(intellectual)" title="Wang Hui (intellectual)">Wang Hui</a> and Slavoj Žižek (2010)</li> <li><i>L'Explication, conversation avec Aude Lancelin</i> with <a href="/wiki/Alain_Finkielkraut" title="Alain Finkielkraut">Alain Finkielkraut</a> (2010)</li> <li><i>L'Antisémitisme partout. Aujourd'hui en France</i> with <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hazan" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Hazan">Eric Hazan</a> (2011)</li> <li><i>L'Idée du communisme, vol. 2 (Berlin Conference, 2010)</i>, (<b>Alain Badiou</b> and Slavoj Žižek eds.) with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glyn_Daly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glyn Daly (page does not exist)">Glyn Daly</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saroj_Giri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saroj Giri (page does not exist)">Saroj Giri</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gernot_Kamecke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gernot Kamecke (page does not exist)">Gernot Kamecke</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janne_Kurki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janne Kurki (page does not exist)">Janne Kurki</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemy_Magun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artemy Magun (page does not exist)">Artemy Magun</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuba_Majmurek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuba Majmurek (page does not exist)">Kuba Majmurek</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuba_Mikurda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuba Mikurda (page does not exist)">Kuba Mikurda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toni_Negri" class="mw-redirect" title="Toni Negri">Toni Negri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Ruda" title="Frank Ruda">Frank Ruda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BClent_Somay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bülent Somay (page does not exist)">Bülent Somay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janek_Sowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janek Sowa (page does not exist)">Janek Sowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/G._M._Tam%C3%A1s" class="mw-redirect" title="G. M. Tamás">G. M. Tamás</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henning_Teschke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henning Teschke (page does not exist)">Henning Teschke</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_V%C3%B6lker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Völker (page does not exist)">Jan Völker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9cile_Winter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cécile Winter (page does not exist)">Cécile Winter</a> and Slavoj Žižek (2011)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pamphlets_and_serial_publications">Pamphlets and serial publications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pamphlets and serial publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Contribution au problème de la construction d'un parti marxiste-léniniste de type nouveau</i>, with Jancovici, Menetrey, and Terray (Maspero 1970)</li> <li><i>Jean Paul Sartre</i> (Éditions Potemkine 1980)</li> <li><i>Le Perroquet. Quinzomadaire d'opinion</i> (1981–1990)</li> <li><i>La Distance politique</i> (1990–?)</li> <li><i>Notre mal vient de plus loin</i> (2016)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_translations">English translations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: English translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Books">Books</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Manifesto for Philosophy</i>, transl. by Norman Madarasz; (Albany: SUNY Press, 1999): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4220-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4220-3">978-0-7914-4220-3</a> (paperback); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4219-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4219-7">978-0-7914-4219-7</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Deleuze: The Clamor of Being</i>, transl. by Louise Burchill; (Minnesota University Press, 1999): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3140-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3140-7">978-0-8166-3140-7</a> (paperback); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3139-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3139-1">978-0-8166-3139-1</a> (library binding)</li> <li><i>Ethics: An Essay on the Understanding of Evil</i>, transl. by Peter Hallward; (New York: Verso, 2000): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85984-435-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85984-435-9">978-1-85984-435-9</a> (paperback); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85984-297-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85984-297-3">978-1-85984-297-3</a></li> <li><i>On Beckett</i>, transl. and ed. by <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Toscano" title="Alberto Toscano">Alberto Toscano</a> and Nina Power; (London: Clinamen Press, 2003): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903083-30-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903083-30-7">978-1-903083-30-7</a> (paperback); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903083-26-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903083-26-0">978-1-903083-26-0</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Infinite Thought: Truth and the Return to Philosophy</i>, transl. and ed. by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Feltham" title="Oliver Feltham">Oliver Feltham</a> & <a href="/wiki/Justin_Clemens" title="Justin Clemens">Justin Clemens</a>; (London: Continuum, 2003): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7929-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7929-7">978-0-8264-7929-7</a> (paperback); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-6724-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-6724-9">978-0-8264-6724-9</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Metapolitics</i>, transl. by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Barker" title="Jason Barker">Jason Barker</a>; (New York: Verso, 2005): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-567-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-567-8">978-1-84467-567-8</a> (paperback); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-035-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-035-2">978-1-84467-035-2</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Saint Paul: The Foundation of Universalism</i>; transl. by <a href="/wiki/Ray_Brassier" title="Ray Brassier">Ray Brassier</a>; (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4471-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4471-3">978-0-8047-4471-3</a> (paperback); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4470-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4470-6">978-0-8047-4470-6</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Handbook of Inaesthetics</i>, transl. by Alberto Toscano; (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4409-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4409-6">978-0-8047-4409-6</a> (paperback); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4408-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4408-9">978-0-8047-4408-9</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Theoretical Writings</i>, transl. by Ray Brassier; (New York: Continuum, 2004)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Briefings on Existence: A Short Treatise on Transitory Ontology</i>, transl. by Norman Madarasz; (Albany: SUNY Press, 2005)</li> <li><i>Being and Event</i>, transl. by Oliver Feltham; (New York: Continuum, 2005)</li> <li><i>Polemics</i>, transl. by Steve Corcoran; (New York: Verso, 2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Century_(book)" title="The Century (book)">The Century</a></i>, transl. by Alberto Toscano; (New York: Polity Press, 2007)</li> <li><i>The Concept of Model: An Introduction to the Materialist Epistemology of Mathematics</i>, transl. by Zachery Luke Fraser & Tzuchien Tho; (Melbourne: re.press, 2007). Open Access<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Number and Numbers</i> (New York: Polity Press, 2008): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-3879-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-3879-9">978-0-7456-3879-9</a> (paperback); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-3878-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-3878-2">978-0-7456-3878-2</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><i>The Meaning of Sarkozy</i> (New York: Verso, 2008): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-309-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-309-4">978-1-84467-309-4</a> (hardcover) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-629-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-629-3">978-1-84467-629-3</a> (paperback)</li> <li><i>Conditions</i>, transl. by Steve Corcoran; (New York: Continuum, 2009): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-9827-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-9827-4">978-0-8264-9827-4</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Logics of Worlds: Being and Event, Volume 2</i>, transl. by Alberto Toscano; (New York: Continuum, 2009): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-9470-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-9470-2">978-0-8264-9470-2</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Pocket Pantheon: Figures of Postwar Philosophy</i>, transl. by <a href="/wiki/David_Macey" title="David Macey">David Macey</a>; (New York: Verso, 2009): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-357-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-357-5">978-1-84467-357-5</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Theory of the Subject</i>, transl. by <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Bosteels" title="Bruno Bosteels">Bruno Bosteels</a>; (New York: Continuum, 2009): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-9673-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-9673-7">978-0-8264-9673-7</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Philosophy in the Present</i>, (with <a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Slavoj Žižek</a>); (New York: Polity Press, 2010): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-4097-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-4097-6">978-0-7456-4097-6</a> (paperback)</li> <li><i>The Communist Hypothesis</i>, transl. by <a href="/wiki/David_Macey" title="David Macey">David Macey</a> and Steve Corcoran; (New York: Verso, 2010): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-600-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-600-2">978-1-84467-600-2</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><i>Five Lessons on Wagner</i>, transl. by Susan Spitzer with an 'Afterword' by Slavoj Žižek; (New York: Verso, 2010): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-481-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-481-7">978-1-84467-481-7</a> (paperback)</li> <li><i>Second Manifesto for Philosophy</i>, transl. by Louise Burchill (New York: Polity Press, 2011)</li> <li><i>Wittgenstein's <a href="/wiki/Antiphilosophy" title="Antiphilosophy">Antiphilosophy</a></i>, transl. by Bruno Bosteels; (New York: Verso, 2011)</li> <li><i>The Rational Kernel of the Hegelian Dialectic</i>, transl. by Tzuchien Tho; (Melbourne: re.press, 2011)</li> <li><i>The Rebirth of History: Times of Riots and Uprisings</i>, transl. by Gregory Elliott; (New York: Verso, 2012): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-879-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-879-2">978-1-84467-879-2</a></li> <li><i>In Praise of Love</i>, (with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Truong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Truong (page does not exist)">Nicolas Truong</a>); transl. by Peter Bush; (London: Serpent's Tail, 2012)</li> <li><i>Philosophy for Militants</i>, transl. by Bruno Bosteels; (New York: Verso, 2012)</li> <li><i>The Adventure of French Philosophy</i>, transl. by Bruno Bosteels; (New York: Verso, 2012)</li> <li><i>Plato's Republic : A Dialogue in 16 Chapters</i>, transl. by Susan Spitzer; (New York : Columbia University Press, 2013)</li> <li><i>The Incident at Antioch/L'Incident d'Antioche: A Tragedy in Three Acts / Tragédie en trois actes</i>, transl. by Susan Spitzer; (New York : Columbia University Press, 2013)</li> <li><i>Badiou and the Philosophers : Interrogating 1960s French Philosophy</i>, transl. and ed. by Tzuchien Tho and Giuseppe Bianco; (New York : Bloomsbury Academic, 2013)</li> <li><i>Philosophy and the Event</i>, (with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Tarby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabian Tarby (page does not exist)">Fabian Tarby</a>); transl. by Louise Burchill; (Malden, MA: Polity, 2013)</li> <li><i>Reflections on Anti-Semitism</i>, (with <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hazan" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Hazan">Eric Hazan</a>); transl. by David Fernbach; (London: Verso, 2013)</li> <li><i>Rhapsody for the Theatre</i>, transl. and ed. by Bruno Bosteels; (London: Verso, 2013)</li> <li><i>Cinema</i>, transl. by Susan Spitzer; (Malden, MA: Polity, 2013)</li> <li><i>Mathematics of the Transcendental: Onto-logy and being-there</i>, transl. by A.J. Bartlett and Alex Ling; (London: Bloomsbury, 2014)</li> <li><i>Ahmed the Philosopher: Thirty-four Short Plays for Children and Everyone Else</i>, transl. by Joseph Litvak; (New York : Columbia University Press, 2014)</li> <li><i>Jacques Lacan, Past and Present: A Dialogue</i>, (with <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Roudinesco" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth Roudinesco">Elisabeth Roudinesco</a>); transl. by Jason E. Smith; (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014)</li> <li><i>Controversies: Politics and Philosophy in our Time</i>, (with <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Milner" title="Jean-Claude Milner">Jean-Claude Milner</a>); transl. by ?; (London: Polity, 2014)</li> <li><i>Confrontation: A Conversation with Aude Lancelin</i>, (with <a href="/wiki/Alain_Finkielkraut" title="Alain Finkielkraut">Alain Finkielkraut</a>); transl. by Susan Spitzer; (London: Polity, 2014)</li> <li><i>The Age of the Poets: And Other Writings on Twentieth-Century Poetry and Prose</i>, transl. by Bruno Bosteels; (New York: Verso, 2014)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The end</i>, (with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanbattista_Tusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanbattista Tusa (page does not exist)">Giovanbattista Tusa</a>); transl. by Robin Mackay; (Cambridge: Polity, 2019) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1509536276" title="Special:BookSources/978-1509536276">978-1509536276</a></li> <li><i>The Immanence of Truths: Being and Event III</i>, transl. by Susan Spitzer and Kenneth Reinhard; (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2022) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1350115309" title="Special:BookSources/978-1350115309">978-1350115309</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Journals">Journals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020005144/https://badioustudiesjournal.org/">Journal of Badiou Studies</a></li> <li>"The Cultural Revolution: The Last Revolution?", transl. by Bruno Bosteels; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126065237/http://positions.rice.edu/">positions: asia critique</a>, Volume 13, Issue 3, Winter 2005; (Durham: Duke University Press, 2005): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1067-9847">1067-9847</a></li> <li>"Selections from <i>Théorie du sujet</i> on the Cultural Revolution", transl. by Alberto Toscano with the assistance of Lorenzo Chiesa and Nina Power; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126065237/http://positions.rice.edu/">positions: asia critique</a>, Volume 13, Issue 3, Winter 2005; (Durham: Duke University Press, 2005): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1067-9847">1067-9847</a></li> <li>"Further Selections from <i>Théorie du sujet</i> on the Cultural Revolution", transl. by Lorenzo Chiesa; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126065237/http://positions.rice.edu/">positions: asia critique</a>, Volume 13, Issue 3, Winter 2005; (Durham: Duke University Press, 2005): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1067-9847">1067-9847</a></li> <li>"The Triumphant Restoration", transl. by Alberto Toscano; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126065237/http://positions.rice.edu/">positions: asia critique</a>, Volume 13, Issue 3, Winter 2005; (Durham: Duke University Press, 2005): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1067-9847">1067-9847</a></li> <li>"An Essential Philosophical Thesis: 'It Is Right to Rebel against the Reactionaries'", transl. by Alberto Toscano; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126065237/http://positions.rice.edu/">positions: asia critique</a>, Volume 13, Issue 3, Winter 2005; (Durham: Duke University Press, 2005): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1067-9847">1067-9847</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/26/52">What is a philosophical Institution? or: Address, Transmission, Inscription.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130328062247/http://www.cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/26/52">Archived</a> 28 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, Vol 2, No 1-2 (2006)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521025652/http://www.lasca.fr/pdf/entretiens/Alain_Badiou.pdf">Les Reponses Ecrites D'Alain Badiou</a> Interviewed by Ata Hoodashtian, for Le journal Philosophie Philosophie, Université Paris VIII.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DVD">DVD</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: DVD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/418047554">Badiou</a></i>, A Film in association with the <a href="/wiki/Global_Center_for_Advanced_Studies" title="Global Center for Advanced Studies">Global Center for Advanced Studies</a> (2018), Directed by Gorav Kalyan, Rohan Kalyan Gorav Kalyan.</li> <li><i>Democracy and Disappointment: On the Politics of Resistance: Alain Badiou and Simon Critchley in Conversation</i>, (Event Date: Thursday, 15 November 2007); Location: Slought Foundation, Conversations in Theory Series | Organized by Aaron Levy | Studio: Microcinema in collaboration with Slought Foundation | DVD Release Date: 26 August 2008</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lectures">Lectures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Lectures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/hardtalk/8219961.stm">"Interview with Alain Badiou"</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> <a href="/wiki/HARDtalk" title="HARDtalk">HARDtalk</a>. March 2009.</li> <li>Creative Thinking. <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_University" title="Al-Quds University">Al-Quds University</a>, Jerusalem, Palestine, 17 January 2009.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cultureandcommunication.org/badiou/Badiou--_Is%20the%20Word%20%27Communism%27%20Forever%20Doomed__.mp3">"Is the Word Communism forever Doomed?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Abreu_Gallery" title="Miguel Abreu Gallery">Miguel Abreu Gallery</a>, New York, 6 November 2008.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cultureandcommunication.org/badiou/Badiou--_Theatre%20et%20philosophie_.mp3">"Theatre et Philosophie."</a> with <a href="/wiki/Martin_Puchner" title="Martin Puchner">Martin Puchner</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Bosteels" title="Bruno Bosteels">Bruno Bosteels</a>. La Maison Française, New York University, New York, 7 November 2008.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slought.org/media/media-mp3/1385-2007-11-15-1-Badiou.mp3">"Democracy and Disappointment: On the Politics of Resistance"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, with <a href="/wiki/Simon_Critchley" title="Simon Critchley">Simon Critchley</a>. Slought Foundation, Philadelphia, the Departments of Romance Languages, History, and English, and the Program in Comparative Literature at the University of Pennsylvania. 15 November 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lecturecast.sdsc.edu/15858.ram">"Homage to Jacques Derrida"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>, 1 March 2006 (<a href="/wiki/RealPlayer" title="RealPlayer">RealPlayer</a>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716113904/http://slought.org/files/downloads/events/SF_1385.pdf">"Ours is not a terrible situation."</a> with Simon Critchley. Labyrinth Books, New York, 6 March 2006.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://depts.washington.edu/schkatz/podcasts/katz0506_badiou.mp3">"Politics, Democracy and Philosophy: An Obscure Knot"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Chapin_Simpson_Center_for_the_Humanities" title="Walter Chapin Simpson Center for the Humanities">Walter Chapin Simpson Center for the Humanities</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> 23 February 2006.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310132240/http://ucentral.edu.co/nomadas/nunme-ante/21-25/nomadas-23/23.17b.%20panorama%20de%20la%20filosofia%20francesa%20contemporanea.pdf">"Panorama de la Filosofía Francesa Contemporánea"</a> <i>Biblioteca Nacional de Buenos Aires, 2004</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091223035619/http://bibliobs.nouvelobs.com/20091217/16522/finkielkraut-badiou-le-face-a-face">"Finkielkraut-Badiou: Le-Face-à-Vace"</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nouvel_Obs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Nouvel Obs (page does not exist)">The Nouvel Obs</a> (Transcript in French)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112175958/http://vimeo.com/7486770">"Faut-il réinventer l'amour?"</a> – Ce Soir. French television. En direct, <a href="/wiki/France_3" title="France 3">France 3</a> (French)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_realism" title="Speculative realism">Speculative realism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/2033-alain-badiou-mao-thinks-in-an-almost-infinite-way">"Alain Badiou: "Mao thinks in an almost infinite way"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Versobooks.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Versobooks.com&rft.atitle=Alain+Badiou%3A+%22Mao+thinks+in+an+almost+infinite+way%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.versobooks.com%2Fblogs%2F2033-alain-badiou-mao-thinks-in-an-almost-infinite-way&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sean Bowden, <i>Badiou and Philosophy</i>, Edinburgh University Press, 2012, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t06-LktfOEw">"Radical thinkers: Alain Badiou's Ethics"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadiouEngelmann2015" class="citation book cs1">Badiou, Alain; Engelmann, Peter (27 March 2015). <i>Philosophy and the Idea of Communism</i>. Polity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0745688367" title="Special:BookSources/978-0745688367"><bdi>978-0745688367</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy+and+the+Idea+of+Communism&rft.pub=Polity+Press&rft.date=2015-03-27&rft.isbn=978-0745688367&rft.aulast=Badiou&rft.aufirst=Alain&rft.au=Engelmann%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tzuchien Tho, Giuseppe Bianco, <i>Badiou and the Philosophers: Interrogating 1960s French Philosophy</i>, A&C Black, 2013, pp. xvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tzuchien Tho, Giuseppe Bianco, <i>Badiou and the Philosophers: Interrogating 1960s French Philosophy</i>, A&C Black, 2013, pp. xviii–xix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cahiers-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cahiers_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.web.mdx.ac.uk/cahiers/names/regnault.html">François Regnault Homepage at Cahiers pour l'Analyse</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100818130430/http://www.web.mdx.ac.uk/cahiers/names/regnault.html">Archived</a> 18 August 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alain-badiou.jimdo.com/">"La chronobiographie"</a>. <i>alain-badiou</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alain-badiou&rft.atitle=La+chronobiographie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falain-badiou.jimdo.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.web.mdx.ac.uk-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-www.web.mdx.ac.uk_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.web.mdx.ac.uk_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.web.mdx.ac.uk_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.web.mdx.ac.uk_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.web.mdx.ac.uk/cahiers/names/badiou.html">Badiou Homepage at Concept and Form: The Cahiers pour l'Analyse and Contemporary French Thought</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100417154037/http://www.web.mdx.ac.uk/cahiers/names/badiou.html">Archived</a> 17 April 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadiou2010" class="citation book cs1">Badiou, Alain (2010). "Part I: "We Are Still the Contemporaries of May '68"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>The Communist Hypothesis</i> (pbk). translated by David Macey and Steve Corcoran. Verso. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-600-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-600-2"><bdi>978-1-84467-600-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+I%3A+%22We+Are+Still+the+Contemporaries+of+May+%2768%22&rft.btitle=The+Communist+Hypothesis&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84467-600-2&rft.aulast=Badiou&rft.aufirst=Alain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pantheon_Lacan-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pantheon_Lacan_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Badiou, Alain. "Jacques Lacan." <i>Pocket Pantheon.</i> Trans. David Macey. London: Verso, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pantheon_Althusser-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pantheon_Althusser_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Badiou, Alain. "Louis Althusser." <i>Pocket Pantheon.</i> Trans. David Macey. London: Verso, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110908155453/http://www.ciepfc.fr/spip.php?article83">"Quentin Meillassoux"</a>. CIEFPC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ciepfc.fr/spip.php?article83">the original</a> on 8 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quentin+Meillassoux&rft.pub=CIEFPC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciepfc.fr%2Fspip.php%3Farticle83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gcas-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gcas_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160328072024/https://globalcenterforadvancedstudies.org/member/alain-badiou/">"Alain Badiou. Member Page"</a>. The Global Center for Advanced Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalcenterforadvancedstudies.org/member/alain-badiou/">the original</a> on 28 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alain+Badiou.+Member+Page.&rft.pub=The+Global+Center+for+Advanced+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalcenterforadvancedstudies.org%2Fmember%2Falain-badiou%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThumfart" class="citation web cs1">Thumfart, Johannes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacan.com/symptom9_articles/thumfart9.html">"Learning from Las Vegas: Badiou's Platonism Today"</a>. The Symptom 9. Lacan.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Learning+from+Las+Vegas%3A+Badiou%27s+Platonism+Today&rft.pub=The+Symptom+9.+Lacan.com&rft.aulast=Thumfart&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacan.com%2Fsymptom9_articles%2Fthumfart9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See here Feltham and Clamens's introduction in Badiou's book <i>Infinite Thought</i>, Continuum (2004)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Badiou's book <i>Infinite Thought</i>, Continuum (2004)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See here Badiou's comments in the introduction to the English version of <i>Being and Event</i>, Continuum (2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sokal, Alan and Jean Bricmont (1999) <i>Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals' Abuse of Science </i> Macmillan, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312204075" title="Special:BookSources/9780312204075">9780312204075</a>, p. 180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScruton,_Roger2012" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton, Roger</a> (31 August 2012). "A Nothing Would do As Well". <i>Times Literary Supplement</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Literary+Supplement&rft.atitle=A+Nothing+Would+do+As+Well&rft.date=2012-08-31&rft.au=Scruton%2C+Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNirenbergDavid_Nirenberg" class="citation web cs1">Nirenberg, Ricardo L.; David Nirenberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170811064012/http://criticalinquiry.uchicago.edu/uploads/pdf/nirenbergs_badiousnumber_complete.pdf">"Badiou's Number: A Critique of Mathematics as Ontology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Critical Inquiry. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://criticalinquiry.uchicago.edu/uploads/pdf/nirenbergs_badiousnumber_complete.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Badiou%27s+Number%3A+A+Critique+of+Mathematics+as+Ontology&rft.pub=Critical+Inquiry&rft.aulast=Nirenberg&rft.aufirst=Ricardo+L.&rft.au=David+Nirenberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcriticalinquiry.uchicago.edu%2Fuploads%2Fpdf%2Fnirenbergs_badiousnumber_complete.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the organisation's website at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071028083920/http://www.orgapoli.net/">https://web.archive.org/web/20071028083920/http://www.orgapoli.net/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2015" class="citation web cs1">Robinson, Andrew (30 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ceasefiremagazine.co.uk/alain-badiou-political-action-organisation-politique/">"An A to Z of Theory. Alain Badiou: Political Action and the Organisation Politique"</a>. Cease Fire Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+A+to+Z+of+Theory.+Alain+Badiou%3A+Political+Action+and+the+Organisation+Politique&rft.pub=Cease+Fire+Magazine&rft.date=2015-03-30&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fceasefiremagazine.co.uk%2Falain-badiou-political-action-organisation-politique%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lacan.com/badword.htm">"Alain Badiou – Uses of the Word "Jew"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Lacan.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110525014305/http://www.lacan.com/badword.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alain+Badiou+%E2%80%93+Uses+of+the+Word+%22Jew%22&rft.pub=Lacan.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacan.com%2Fbadword.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On that subject, see articles against Badiou by: <ul><li>Roger-Pol Droit ("Le Monde des livres", 25 November 2005) and Frédéric Nef ("Le Monde des livres", 23 December 2005), and in defense of Badiou by: Daniel Bensaid ("Le Monde des Livres", 26 January 2006);</li></ul> against Badiou by: <ul><li>Claude Lanzmann, Jean-Claude Milner and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Marty" title="Éric Marty">Éric Marty</a> ("Les Temps modernes", Nov.-December 2005/January 2006), and Meir Waintrater "L'Arche" February 2006: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.col.fr/arche/article.php3?id_article=540">"Alain Badiou et les Juifs: Une violence insoutenable"</a>, and the answers by Alain Badiou and Cécile Winter followed by rejoinders by Claude Lanzmann and Eric Marty ("Les Temps modernes", March–June 2006). See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lacan.com/badword.htm">Badiou's response to Eric Marty</a></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Corcoran-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Corcoran_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corcoran_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corcoran_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corcoran_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alain Badiou, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacan.com/badword.htm">Circonstances 3: Portées du mot 'juif'</a></i>, Paris: Leo Schéer, 2005 (The Uses of the Word 'Jew'), translated by Steve Corcoran. Accessed 22 November 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Conan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toutsurlachine.blogspot.ie/2010/03/portrait-badiou-la-star-de-la-philo-est.html?m=1">"Badiou, la star de la philo est-il un salaud?"</a>, in <i>Marianne</i> no. 671, 27 Feb 2010, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/01/nicolas-sarkozy-politics">"A denunciation of the 'Rat Man' | Nicolas Sarkozy | The Guardian"</a>. <i>amp.theguardian.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amp.theguardian.com&rft.atitle=A+denunciation+of+the+%27Rat+Man%27+%26%23124%3B+Nicolas+Sarkozy+%26%23124%3B+The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famp.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fmar%2F01%2Fnicolas-sarkozy-politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amp.theguardian.com/books/2009/feb/06/alain-badiou-meaning-of-sarkozy">"The Meaning of Sarkozy | Politics books | The Guardian"</a>. <i>amp.theguardian.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amp.theguardian.com&rft.atitle=The+Meaning+of+Sarkozy+%26%23124%3B+Politics+books+%26%23124%3B+The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famp.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2009%2Ffeb%2F06%2Falain-badiou-meaning-of-sarkozy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2009" class="citation journal cs1">Fisher, Mark (4 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frieze.com/article/meaning-sarkozy">"The Meaning Of Sarkozy"</a>. <i>Frieze</i> (122) – via www.frieze.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frieze&rft.atitle=The+Meaning+Of+Sarkozy&rft.issue=122&rft.date=2009-04-04&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frieze.com%2Farticle%2Fmeaning-sarkozy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes: <ul><li><i>Mathematics and Philosophy: The Grand Style and the Little Style</i>, (unpublished)</li> <li><i>Philosophy and Mathematics: Infinity and the End of Romanticism</i>, (from <i>Conditions</i>, Paris, Seuil, 1992).</li> <li><i>The Question of Being Today</i>, (from <i>Briefings on Existence</i>, )</li> <li><i>Platonism and Mathematical Ontology</i>, (from <i>Briefings on Existence</i>)</li> <li><i>The Being of Number</i>, (from <i>Briefings on Existence</i>)</li> <li><i>One, Multiple, Multiplicities</i>, (from <i>Multitudes, 1</i>, 2000)</li> <li><i>Spinoza's Closed Ontology</i>, (from <i>Briefings on Existence</i>)</li> <li><i>The Event as Trans-Being</i>, (revised and expanded version of an essay of the same title from <i>Briefings on Existence</i>)</li> <li><i>On Subtraction</i>, (from <i>Conditions</i>, Paris, Seuil, 1992)</li> <li><i>Truth: Forcing and the Unnameable</i>, (from <i>Conditions</i>, Paris, Seuil, 1992)</li> <li><i>Kant's Subtractive Ontology</i>, (from <i>Briefings on Existence</i>)</li> <li><i>Eight Theses on the Universal</i>, (from Jelica Sumic (ed.) <i>Universal, Singulier, Subjet</i>, Paris, Kimé, 2000)</li> <li><i>Politics as a Truth Procedure</i>, (from <i>Metapolitics</i>)</li> <li><i>Being and Appearance</i>, (from <i>Briefings on Existence</i>)</li> <li><i>Notes Toward Thinking Appearance</i>, (unpublished)</li> <li><i>The Transcendental</i>, (from a draft manuscript [now published] of <i>Logiques des mondes</i>, Paris, Seuil)</li> <li><i>Hegel and the Whole</i>, (from a draft manuscript [now published] of <i>Logiques des mondes</i>, Paris, Seuil)</li> <li><i>Language, Thought, Poetry</i>, (unpublished)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alain Badiou, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.re-press.org/book-files/OA_Version_9780980305234_The_Concept_of_Model.pdf"><i>The Concept of Model</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828201145/http://www.re-press.org/book-files/OA_Version_9780980305234_The_Concept_of_Model.pdf">Archived</a> 28 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sydneyreviewofbooks.com/review/age-of-poets-alain-badiou/">"The Age of the Poets | Alain Badiou | Review |"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+the+Poets+%26%23124%3B+Alain+Badiou+%26%23124%3B+Review+%26%23124%3B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsydneyreviewofbooks.com%2Freview%2Fage-of-poets-alain-badiou%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Nouvel Obs</i> invited the philosophers Alain Finkielkraut and Alain Badiou, members of opposite political camps, to talk about national identity. According to Aude Lancelin who moderated the discussion, "it came to an ideological confrontation of rare violence". <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.signandsight.com/features/1972.html">[1]</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Further_reading_cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This "<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout#Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Further reading</a>" section <b>may need cleanup</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please read the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">editing guide</a> and help improve the section.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_literature_on_Badiou's_work"><span id="Secondary_literature_on_Badiou.27s_work"></span>Secondary literature on Badiou's work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Secondary literature on Badiou's work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="in_English_(books)"><span id="in_English_.28books.29"></span>in English (books)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: in English (books)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Barker" title="Jason Barker">Jason Barker</a>, <i>Alain Badiou: A Critical Introduction</i>, London, Pluto Press, 2002.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hallward" title="Peter Hallward">Peter Hallward</a>, <i>Badiou: A Subject to Truth</i>, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 2003.</li> <li>Peter Hallward (ed.), <i>Think Again: Badiou and the Future of Philosophy</i>, London, Continuum, 2004.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_William_Gibson" title="Andrew William Gibson">Andrew William Gibson</a>, Beckett and Badiou: The Pathos of intermittency, Oxford, Oxford University press, 2006.</li> <li>Paul Ashton (ed.), A. J. Bartlett (ed.), <a href="/wiki/Justin_Clemens" title="Justin Clemens">Justin Clemens</a> (ed.): <i>The Praxis of Alain Badiou</i>; (Melbourne: re.press, 2006).</li> <li>Adam Miller, <i>Badiou, Marion, and St. Paul: Immanent Grace</i>, London, Continuum, 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Bosteels" title="Bruno Bosteels">Bruno Bosteels</a>, <i>Badiou and Politics</i>, Durham, Duke University Press, 2011.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Feltham" title="Oliver Feltham">Oliver Feltham</a>, <i>Alain Badiou: Live Theory</i>, London, Continuum, 2008.</li> <li>Burhanuddin Baki, <i>Badiou's Being and Event and the Mathematics of Set Theory</i>, London, Bloomsbury Academic, 2015.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Gillespie" title="Sam Gillespie">Sam Gillespie</a>, <i>The Mathematics of Novelty: Badiou's Minimalist Metaphysics</i>, (Melbourne, Australia: re.press, 2008) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://re-press.org/books/the-mathematics-of-novelty-badiou’s-minimalist-metaphysics/">details on re.press website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161017125600/http://re-press.org/books/the-mathematics-of-novelty-badiou%E2%80%99s-minimalist-metaphysics/">Archived</a> 17 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) (Open Access)</li> <li>Chris Henry, <i>The Ethics of Political Resistance: Althusser, Badiou, Deleuze</i> (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Johnston_(philosopher)" title="Adrian Johnston (philosopher)">Adrian Johnston</a>, <i>Badiou, Žižek, and Political Transformations: The Cadence of Change</i>, Evanston, Northwestern University Press, 2009.</li> <li>Gabriel Riera (ed.), <i>Alain Badiou: Philosophy and its Conditions</i>, Albany: New York, SUNY Press, 2005.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Ruda" title="Frank Ruda">Frank Ruda</a>, <i>For Badiou: Idealism Without Idealism</i>, Illinois, Northwestern University Press, 2015.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Norris_(critic)" title="Christopher Norris (critic)">Christopher Norris</a>, <i>Badiou's Being and Event: A Reader's Guide</i>, London, Continuum, 2009.</li> <li>A. J. Bartlett and Justin Clemens (eds.), <i>Badiou: Key Concepts</i>, London, Acumen, 2010.</li> <li>Alex Ling, <i>Badiou and Cinema</i>, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2010.</li> <li>Ed Pluth, <i>Badiou: A Philosophy of the New</i>, Malden, Polity, 2010.</li> <li>A. J. Bartlett, <i>Badiou and Plato: An education by truths</i>, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2011.</li> <li>P. M. Livingston, <i>The Politics of Logic: Badiou, Wittgenstein, and the Consequences of Formalism</i>, New York, Routledge, 2011.</li> <li>Steven Corcoran (ed.): <i>The Badiou Dictionary</i>, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press 2015, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-4096-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-4096-6">978-0-7486-4096-6</a></li> <li>Am Johal: <i>Ecological Metapolitics: Badiou and the Anthropocence</i>, New York, Atropos Press, 2015.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_English_(journals,_essays_and_articles)"><span id="In_English_.28journals.2C_essays_and_articles.29"></span>In English (journals, essays and articles)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: In English (journals, essays and articles)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radicalphilosophy.com/article/cantor-lacan-mao-beckett-meme-combat">Cantor, Lacan, Mao, Becket, meme combat: The philosophy of Alain Badiou</a> essay by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Jacques_Lecercle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Jacques Lecercle (page does not exist)">Jean-Jacques Lecercle</a>. Radical Philosophy 093. January / February 1999</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediscourseunit.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/arcp8gomezcamarena.pdf">Je te Mathème: Badiou's De-Psychologisation of Love</a>, essay by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_G%C3%B3mez_Camarena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Gómez Camarena (page does not exist)">Carlos Gómez Camarena</a>. <i>Annual Review of Critical Psychology</i> 8 (2010).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516134242/http://www.warwick.ac.uk/philosophy/pli_journal/pdfs/Vol_12/12_12_Bosteels.pdf">Alain Badiou's Theory of the Subject: Part 1. The Recommencement of Dialectical Materialism?</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Bosteels" title="Bruno Bosteels">Bruno Bosteels</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090928083316/http://www.envplan.com/contents.cgi?journal=D">Society and Space Theme Issue: Being and Spatialization vol. 27. Issue 5. 2009, interview and articles by M. Constantinou, N. Madarasz, J. Flowers MacCannell</a>(See: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.envplan.com/contents.cgi?journal=D&issue=current">"Environment and Planning D: Society and Space contents vol 29"</a>. Envplan.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622041544/http://envplan.com/contents.cgi?journal=D&issue=current">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Environment+and+Planning+D%3A+Society+and+Space+contents+vol+29&rft.pub=Envplan.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.envplan.com%2Fcontents.cgi%3Fjournal%3DD%26issue%3Dcurrent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlain+Badiou" class="Z3988"></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luchte.wordpress.com/fatal-repetition-badiou-and-the-age-of-the-poets/">Fatal Repetition: Badiou and the Age of the Poets, with Appendix, A Psychoanalysis of Alain Badiou</a>, by James Luchte, Istiraki (Turkey), 5 May 2014.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_French_(books)"><span id="In_French_.28books.29"></span>In French (books)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: In French (books)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Charles Ramond (éd), <i>Penser le multiple</i>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, 2002</li> <li>Fabien Tarby, <i>La Philosophie d'Alain Badiou</i>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, 2005</li> <li>Fabien Tarby, <i>Matérialismes d'aujourd'hui : de Deleuze à Badiou</i>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, 2005</li> <li>Eric Marty, <i>Une Querelle avec Alain Badiou, philosophe</i>, Paris, Editions Gallimard, coll. L'Infini, 2007</li> <li>Bruno Besana et Oliver Feltham (éd), <i>Écrits autour de la pensée d'Alain Badiou</i>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, 2007.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_Basque_(books_and_articles)"><span id="In_Basque_.28books_and_articles.29"></span>In Basque (books and articles)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: In Basque (books and articles)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Antton Azkargorta (1996): "Hitzaurrea" in Alain Badiou, <i>Etika</i>, Bilbo, Besatari <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-921104-1-4" title="Special:BookSources/84-921104-1-4">84-921104-1-4</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120607032236/http://basque.criticalstew.org/wp-content/uploads/mundu_galfarsoro.pdf">Imanol Galfarsoro (2011): "Alain Badiou. Filosofia etiko-politikoa I", <i>hAUSnART</i>, 0: 124–129</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/sy050vajvojnny9/badiou%20galfarsoro.pdf">Imanol Galfarsoro (2012): "Alain Badiou. Filosofia etiko-politikoa II", <i>hAUSnART</i>, 1: 108–114</a></li> <li>Imanol Galfarsoro (2012): "Alain Badiou eta hipotesi komunistaren birdefinizioak", <i>hAUSnART</i>, 2: 82–99</li> <li>Imanol Galfarsoro (2012): "(Post)Marxismoa, kultura eta eragiletasuna: Ibilbide historiko labur bat" in Alaitz Aizpuru(koord.), <i>Euskal Herriko pentsamenduaren gida</i>, Bilbo, UEU. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-8438-435-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-8438-435-9">978-84-8438-435-9</a></li> <li>Xabier Insausti & Irati Oliden (2012): <i>Konpromisorik gabeko filosofia. Alain Badiou</i>, Donostia, <a href="/wiki/Jakin_(magazine)" title="Jakin (magazine)">Jakin</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-95234-44-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-95234-44-5">978-84-95234-44-5</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/k5fxaap85kq70w5/106799476-Alain-Badiou-Elkarrizketak-Interviews.pdf">Alain Badiou on the Lapiko Kritikoa basque website. </a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_Spanish_(books_and_articles)"><span id="In_Spanish_.28books_and_articles.29"></span>In Spanish (books and articles)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: In Spanish (books and articles)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Carlos Gómez Camarena and Angelina Uzín Olleros (eds.), Badiou fuera de sus límites, Buenos Aires, Imago Mundi, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-950-793-102-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-950-793-102-4">978-950-793-102-4</a></li> <li>Angelina Uzín Olleros (2008). Introducción al pensamiento de Alain Badiou. Buenos Aires: Imago Mundi. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-950-793-076-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-950-793-076-8">978-950-793-076-8</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teocripsi.com/documents/2GOMEZ.pdf">Je te mathème: Badiou y la despsicologización del amor</a> (por Carlos Gómez Camarena- Revista Teoría y Crítica de la Psicología)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reflexionesmarginales.com/3.0/19-badiou-la-ciencia-el-matema">Badiou, la ciencia, el matema</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160822103901/http://reflexionesmarginales.com/3.0/19-badiou-la-ciencia-el-matema/">Archived</a> 22 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (por Carlos Gómez Camarena- Revista Reflexiones Marginales)</li> <li>Alfonso Galindo Hervás, <i>Pensamiento impolítico contemporáneo. Ontología (y) política en Agamben, Badiou, Esposito y Nancy</i>, Sequitur, Madrid, 2015.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alain_Badiou" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alain Badiou">Alain Badiou</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Alain_Badiou" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Alain Badiou">Alain Badiou</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104114714/http://www.lacan.com/frameabad.htm">Alain Badiou Bibliography</a> at Lacan Dot Com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020002906/http://mideastdilemma.com/alain_badiou_archive.html">Alain Badiou Archive</a> at MidEastDilemma.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cordite.org.au/essays/plato-badiou-and-i/">Plato, Badiou and I: an Experiment in Writerly Happiness</a> <i>Cordite Poetry Review</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_opinions">Critical opinions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Badiou&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Critical opinions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912120420/http://www.lacan.com/zizbadman.htm">On Alain Badiou and <i>Logiques des mondes</i></a> by Slavoj Žižek</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020003524/http://platypus1917.org/2010/11/06/the-marxist-hypothesis-a-response-to-alain-badous-communist-hypothesis/">The Marxist hypothesis: a response to Alain Badiou's "communist hypothesis"</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chris_Cutrone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chris Cutrone (page does not exist)">Chris Cutrone</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alpineanarchist.org/r_anarchist_hypothesis.html">The Anarchist Hypothesis, or Badiou, Žižek, and the Anti-Anarchist Prejudice</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kuhn" title="Gabriel Kuhn">Gabriel Kuhn</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://redcritique.org/WinterSpring2024/speakingofcommunism.htm">Speaking of Communism: How Badiou Subtracts Class from Marx's Speeches on the Paris Commune to Produce a New (Infantile) Communism</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Tumino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Tumino (page does not exist)">Stephen Tumino</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laozi" title="Laozi">Laozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunzi_(philosopher)" title="Xunzi (philosopher)">Xunzi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Alpharabius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avempace" title="Avempace">Avempace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni" title="Leonardo Bruni">Bruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemistos_Plethon" title="Gemistos Plethon">Plethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tufayl" title="Ibn Tufayl">Ibn Tufayl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini" title="Francesco Guicciardini">Guicciardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Montaigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer" title="Thomas Müntzer">Müntzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th and 19th<br />centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Arnold" title="Matthew Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Adrien_Helv%C3%A9tius" title="Claude Adrien Helvétius">Helvétius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Royce" title="Josiah Royce">Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">de Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th and 21st<br />centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Baudrillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">de Beauvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Deleuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Durkheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Gehlen" title="Arnold Gehlen">Gehlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byung-Chul_Han" title="Byung-Chul Han">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce_Irigaray" title="Luce Irigaray">Irigaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Ko%C5%82akowski" title="Leszek Kołakowski">Kołakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Niebuhr" title="Reinhold Niebuhr">Niebuhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Shariati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Simmel" title="Georg Simmel">Simmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Sombart" title="Werner Sombart">Sombart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Walzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Officiis" title="De Officiis">De Officiis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(44 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oration_on_the_Dignity_of_Man" title="Oration on the Dignity of Man">Oration on the Dignity of Man</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1486)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_Natural_Society" title="A Vindication of Natural Society">A Vindication of Natural Society</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1756)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1835–1840)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Civilization_and_Its_Discontents" title="Civilization and Its Discontents">Civilization and Its Discontents</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Work_of_Art_in_the_Age_of_Mechanical_Reproduction" title="The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction">The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1935)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Sex" title="The Second Sex">The Second Sex</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1949)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One-Dimensional_Man" title="One-Dimensional Man">One-Dimensional Man</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle" title="The Society of the Spectacle">The Society of the Spectacle</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1967)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Sexuality" title="The History of Sexuality">The History of Sexuality</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1976)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Culture_of_Narcissism" title="The Culture of Narcissism">The Culture of Narcissism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Conflict_of_Visions" title="A Conflict of Visions">A Conflict of Visions</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gender_Trouble" title="Gender Trouble">Gender Trouble</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Malaise_of_Modernity" title="The Malaise of Modernity">The Malaise of Modernity</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1991)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Intellectuals_and_Society" title="Intellectuals and Society">Intellectuals and Society</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnotology" title="Agnotology">Agnotology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Axiology">Axiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_critic" title="Cultural critic">Cultural criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pessimism" title="Cultural pessimism">Cultural pessimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historism" title="Historism">Historism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism" title="Historicism">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_culture" title="Philosophy of culture">Philosophy of culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_education" title="Philosophy of education">Philosophy of education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_history" title="Philosophy of history">Philosophy of history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_criticism" title="Social criticism">Social criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">Social science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_theory" title="Social theory">Social theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_philosophy" title="Category:Social philosophy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_philosophy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_philosophy" title="Template:Political philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_philosophy" title="Template talk:Political philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_philosophy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">Citizenship‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite" title="Elite">Elite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation" title="Emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">Hegemony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">Hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" title="Legitimacy (political)">Legitimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obedience_(human_behavior)" class="mw-redirect" title="Obedience (human behavior)">Obedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People" title="People">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(political_philosophy)" title="Pluralism (political philosophy)">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regime" title="Regime">Regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruling_class" title="Ruling class">Ruling class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">Bureaucracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_theory" title="Feminist political theory">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">Balance of power</a></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Bellum_omnium_contra_omnes" title="Bellum omnium contra omnes">Bellum omnium contra omnes</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_politic" title="Body politic">Body politic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations" title="Clash of Civilizations">Clash of civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_good" title="Common good">Common good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">Divine right of kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_as_a_model_for_the_state" title="Family as a model for the state">Family as a model for the state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly_on_violence" title="Monopoly on violence">Monopoly on violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_and_positive_rights" title="Negative and positive rights">Negative and positive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Night-watchman state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_lie" title="Noble lie">Noble lie</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_society" title="Open society">Open society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_position" title="Original position">Original position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overton_window" title="Overton window">Overton window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contract" title="Social contract">Social contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_nature" title="State of nature">State of nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statolatry" title="Statolatry">Statolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyranny_of_the_majority" title="Tyranny of the majority">Tyranny of the majority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_philosophers" title="List of political philosophers">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Fei" title="Han Fei">Han Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plato%27s_political_philosophy" title="Plato's political philosophy">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shang_Yang" title="Shang Yang">Shang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Alpharabius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni" title="Leonardo Bruni">Bruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">al-Ghazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilius_of_Padua" title="Marsilius of Padua">Marsilius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Mulk" title="Nizam al-Mulk">Nizam al-Mulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">Ockham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemistos_Plethon" title="Gemistos Plethon">Plethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Anshi" title="Wang Anshi">Wang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern<br />period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">Boétie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin">Bodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Bossuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Filmer" title="Robert Filmer">Filmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Grotius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini" title="Francesco Guicciardini">Guicciardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hobbes%27s_moral_and_political_philosophy" title="Hobbes's moral and political philosophy">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Leibniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer" title="Thomas Müntzer">Müntzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf" title="Samuel von Pufendorf">Pufendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th and 19th<br />centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Beccaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_St_John,_1st_Viscount_Bolingbroke" title="Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke">Bolingbroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés">Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_von_Haller" title="Karl Ludwig von Haller">Haller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Iqbal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal%27s_political_philosophy" title="Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy_of_Immanuel_Kant" title="Political philosophy of Immanuel Kant">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Sade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">de Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th and 21st<br />centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Dmowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Dworkin" title="Ronald Dworkin">Dworkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Fukuyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Laclau" title="Ernesto Laclau">Laclau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Michels" title="Robert Michels">Michels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Mosca" title="Gaetano Mosca">Mosca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Mouffe" title="Chantal Mouffe">Mouffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Shariati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Spann" title="Othmar Spann">Spann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Walzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Republic_(Plato)" title="Republic (Plato)">Republic</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 375 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politics_(Aristotle)" title="Politics (Aristotle)">Politics</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 350 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_re_publica" title="De re publica">De re publica</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(51 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Law" title="Treatise on Law">Treatise on Law</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 1274)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">Monarchia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1313)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prince" title="The Prince">The Prince</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1532)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Hobbes_book)" title="Leviathan (Hobbes book)">Leviathan</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1651)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Treatises_of_Government" title="Two Treatises of Government">Two Treatises of Government</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1689)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Law" title="The Spirit of Law">The Spirit of Law</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1748)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Contract" title="The Social Contract">The Social Contract</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1762)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reflections_on_the_Revolution_in_France" title="Reflections on the Revolution in France">Reflections on the Revolution in France</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1790)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Man" title="Rights of Man">Rights of Man</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1791)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elements_of_the_Philosophy_of_Right" title="Elements of the Philosophy of Right">Elements of the Philosophy of Right</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1820)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1835–1840)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto" title="The Communist Manifesto">The Communist Manifesto</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1848)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Liberty" title="On Liberty">On Liberty</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1859)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_the_Masses" title="The Revolt of the Masses">The Revolt of the Masses</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Serfdom" title="The Road to Serfdom">The Road to Serfdom</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1944)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Society_and_Its_Enemies" title="The Open Society and Its Enemies">The Open Society and Its Enemies</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1945)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Origins_of_Totalitarianism" title="The Origins of Totalitarianism">The Origins of Totalitarianism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1951)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Theory_of_Justice" title="A Theory of Justice">A Theory of Justice</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_History_and_the_Last_Man" title="The End of History and the Last Man">The End of History and the Last Man</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1992)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization#Collectivism_and_individualism" title="Social organization">Collectivism and individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_theories" title="Conflict theories">Conflict theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contractualism" title="Contractualism">Contractualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite_theory" title="Elite theory">Elite theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_political_thought" title="History of political thought">History of political thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justification_for_the_state" title="Justification for the state">Justification for the state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiavellianism_(politics)" title="Machiavellianism (politics)">Machiavellianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ethics" title="Political ethics">Political ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing politics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political theology">Political theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_violence" title="Political violence">Political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Index_of_social_and_political_philosophy_articles" title="Index of social and political philosophy articles">Index</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_philosophy" title="Category:Political philosophy">Category:Political philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Continental_philosophy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Continental_philosophy" title="Template:Continental philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Continental_philosophy" title="Template talk:Continental philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Continental_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Continental philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Continental_philosophy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">Continental philosophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Althusser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Bachelard" title="Gaston Bachelard">Bachelard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Barthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bataille" title="Georges Bataille">Bataille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Baudrillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">de Beauvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Bergson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blanchot" title="Maurice Blanchot">Blanchot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu" title="Pierre Bourdieu">Bourdieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Buber" title="Martin Buber">Buber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Cassirer" title="Ernst Cassirer">Cassirer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Cioran" title="Emil Cioran">Cioran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Cixous" title="Hélène Cixous">Cixous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Croce" title="Benedetto Croce">Croce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">de Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Deleuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Derrida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Dilthey" title="Wilhelm Dilthey">Dilthey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Eagleton" title="Terry Eagleton">Eagleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frantz_Fanon" title="Frantz Fanon">Fanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fisher" title="Mark Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Gadamer" title="Hans-Georg Gadamer">Gadamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Guattari" title="Félix Guattari">Guattari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Husserl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ingarden" title="Roman Ingarden">Ingarden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce_Irigaray" title="Luce Irigaray">Irigaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_Jameson" title="Fredric Jameson">Jameson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Jaspers" title="Karl Jaspers">Jaspers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Koj%C3%A8ve" title="Alexandre Kojève">Kojève</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré">Koyré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Ko%C5%82akowski" title="Leszek Kołakowski">Kołakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Kristeva" title="Julia Kristeva">Kristeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lacan" title="Jacques Lacan">Lacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Latour" title="Bruno Latour">Latour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Lefebvre" title="Henri Lefebvre">Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Lévi-Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas" title="Emmanuel Levinas">Levinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann" title="Niklas Luhmann">Luhmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard" title="Jean-François Lyotard">Lyotard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Ponty" title="Maurice Merleau-Ponty">Merleau-Ponty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Nancy" title="Jean-Luc Nancy">Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega y Gasset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ranci%C3%A8re" title="Jacques Rancière">Rancière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ric%C5%93ur" title="Paul Ricœur">Ricœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Schelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Serres" title="Michel Serres">Serres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sloterdijk" title="Peter Sloterdijk">Sloterdijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Williams" title="Raymond Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absurdism" title="Absurdism">Absurdism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School" title="Frankfurt School">Frankfurt School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_idealism" title="German idealism">German idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegelianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegelianism">Hegelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Marxism" title="Western Marxism">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freudo-Marxism" title="Freudo-Marxism">Freudo-</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Kantianism" title="Neo-Kantianism">Neo-Kantianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-philosophy" title="Non-philosophy">Non-philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-representational_theory" title="Non-representational theory">Non-representational theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">Phenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_philosophy" title="Postmodern philosophy">Postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-structuralism" title="Post-structuralism">Post-structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">Psychoanalysis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalytic_theory" title="Psychoanalytic theory">Psychoanalytic theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_realism" title="Speculative realism">Speculative realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structuralism" title="Structuralism">Structuralism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alterity" title="Alterity">Alterity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Always_already" title="Always already">Always already</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angst" title="Angst">Angst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonian_and_Dionysian" title="Apollonian and Dionysian">Apollonian and Dionysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_(philosophy)" title="Authenticity (philosophy)">Authenticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Being_in_itself" title="Being in itself">Being in itself</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_oppositions" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary oppositions">Binary oppositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boredom" title="Boredom">Boredom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Class struggle">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique" title="Critique">Critique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immanent_critique" title="Immanent critique">Immanent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideological_criticism" title="Ideological criticism">Ideological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcritique" title="Postcritique">Postcritique</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dasein" title="Dasein">Dasein</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of God">Death of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_drive" title="Death drive">Death drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diff%C3%A9rance" title="Différance">Différance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difference_(philosophy)" title="Difference (philosophy)">Difference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existence_precedes_essence" title="Existence precedes essence">Existence precedes essence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existential_crisis" title="Existential crisis">Existential crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facticity" title="Facticity">Facticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaze" title="Gaze">Gaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_(philosophy)" title="Genealogy (philosophy)">Genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitus_(sociology)" title="Habitus (sociology)">Habitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauntology" title="Hauntology">Hauntology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_materialism" title="Historical materialism">Historical materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpellation_(philosophy)" title="Interpellation (philosophy)">Interpellation (philosophy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersubjectivity" title="Intersubjectivity">Intersubjectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_of_faith" title="Leap of faith">Leap of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master%E2%80%93slave_dialectic" class="mw-redirect" title="Master–slave dialectic">Master–slave dialectic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master%E2%80%93slave_morality" title="Master–slave morality">Master–slave morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_complex" title="Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontic">Ontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontopoetics" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgd6BPwb3FjyY7frrjt8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124324940">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82125750">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11889840z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11889840z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00673921">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Badiou, Alain"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV071348">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49861922">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20100215001&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX842733">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/5564">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068819544">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span 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