CINXE.COM
Astronomy Magazine: Space News, Observing, Planets, Galaxies
<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <!-- Nosto --> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var name="nostojs";window[name]=window[name]||function(cb){(window[name].q=window[name].q||[]).push(cb);};})(); </script> <script src="https://connect.nosto.com/include/chvdehrb" async></script> <!-- End Nosto --> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <script> var gform;gform||(document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?o():!gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",o):document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",o)},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook("action",o,n,r,t)},addFilter:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook("filter",o,n,r,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook("action",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook("filter",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,n){gform.removeHook("action",o,n)},removeFilter:function(o,n,r){gform.removeHook("filter",o,n,r)},addHook:function(o,n,r,t,i){null==gform.hooks[o][n]&&(gform.hooks[o][n]=[]);var e=gform.hooks[o][n];null==i&&(i=n+"_"+e.length),gform.hooks[o][n].push({tag:i,callable:r,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(n,o,r){var t;if(r=Array.prototype.slice.call(r,1),null!=gform.hooks[n][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[n][o]).sort(function(o,n){return o.priority-n.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){"function"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),"action"==n?t.apply(null,r):r[0]=t.apply(null,r)})),"filter"==n)return r[0]},removeHook:function(o,n,t,i){var r;null!=gform.hooks[o][n]&&(r=(r=gform.hooks[o][n]).filter(function(o,n,r){return!!(null!=i&&i!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][n]=r)}}); </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <!-- Omeda Olytics --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/css/v3/p/olytics.css" /> <script> window.olytics||(window.olytics=[]),window.olytics.methods=["fire","confirm"],window.olytics.factory=function(i){return function(){var t=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);return t.unshift(i),window.olytics.push(t),window.olytics}};for(var i=0;i<window.olytics.methods.length;i++){var method=window.olytics.methods[i];window.olytics[method]=window.olytics.factory(method)}olytics.load=function(i){if(!document.getElementById("olyticsImport")){window.a=window.olytics;var t=document.createElement("script");t.async=!0,t.id="olyticsImport",t.type="text/javascript";var o="";void 0!==i&&void 0!==i.oid&&(o=i.oid),t.setAttribute("data-oid",o),t.src="https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/js/v3/p/olytics.min.js",t.addEventListener("load",function(t){for(olytics.initialize({Olytics:i});window.a.length>0;){var o=window.a.shift(),s=o.shift();olytics[s]&&olytics[s].apply(olytics,o)}},!1);var s=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}},olytics.load({oid:"d90fed0edabe41cd879c6deeca43a36f"}); </script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/01/cropped-Logo-white@2x.png" as="image"> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/astronomy/dist/fonts/rubik-light.65dbd68a.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/astronomy/dist/fonts/rubik-regular.18856bd2.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/astronomy/dist/fonts/rubik-semibold.c5dee968.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/astronomy/dist/fonts/rubik-medium.ffa06caa.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/astronomy/dist/fonts/rubik-bold.2a7d0e11.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://ads.blogherads.com"> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.7 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>Astronomy Magazine: Space News, Observing, Planets, Galaxies</title> <meta name="description" content="Astronomy.com is for anyone who wants to learn more about astronomy and space, including planets, galaxies, asteroids, and NASA." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.astronomy.com/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The world's best website for the the world’s best-selling astronomy magazine." /> <meta property="og:description" content="Astronomy.com is for anyone who wants to learn more about astronomy events, cosmology, planets, galaxies, asteroids, astrophotography, the Big Bang, black holes, comets, constellations, eclipses, exoplanets, nebulae, meteors, quasars, observing, telescopes, NASA, Hubble, space missions, stargazing, and more." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.astronomy.com/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Astronomy Magazine" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyMagazine/" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-04-07T20:52:02+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/09/Astronomy-Home-Page-Image.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The world's best website for the the world’s best-selling astronomy magazine." /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Astronomy.com is for anyone who wants to learn more about astronomy events, cosmology, planets, galaxies, asteroids, astrophotography, the Big Bang, black holes, comets, constellations, eclipses, exoplanets, nebulae, meteors, quasars, observing, telescopes, NASA, Hubble, space missions, stargazing, and more." /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AstronomyMag" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/","url":"https://www.astronomy.com/","name":"Astronomy Magazine: Space News, Observing, Planets, Galaxies","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#website"},"about":{"@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#organization"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/09/Astronomy-Home-Page-Image.png","datePublished":"2021-08-05T12:32:18+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-07T20:52:02+00:00","description":"Astronomy.com is for anyone who wants to learn more about astronomy and space, including planets, galaxies, asteroids, and NASA.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.astronomy.com/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/09/Astronomy-Home-Page-Image.png","contentUrl":"https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/09/Astronomy-Home-Page-Image.png","width":1200,"height":630,"caption":"Apollo 11 Earth rise over the Moon. Earth on the horizon in the Mare Smythii Region of the Moon. Image 2 of a NASA sequence of 18. July 20, 1969."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#website","url":"https://www.astronomy.com/","name":"Astronomy Magazine","description":"Astronomy news, photos, observing events, and space missions.","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#organization"},"alternateName":"Astronomy.com","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.astronomy.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#organization","name":"Astronomy magazine","alternateName":"Astronomy","url":"https://www.astronomy.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.astronomy.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/05/Astronomy-logo-square.jpeg?fit=225%2C224","contentUrl":"https://www.astronomy.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/05/Astronomy-logo-square.jpeg?fit=225%2C224","width":225,"height":224,"caption":"Astronomy magazine"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyMagazine/","https://twitter.com/AstronomyMag","https://www.linkedin.com/company/astronomy-magazine","https://www.youtube.com/user/astronomymagazine","https://www.instagram.com/astronomy.magazine/"]}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.astronomy.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Astronomy Magazine » Feed" href="https://www.astronomy.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Astronomy Magazine » Comments Feed" href="https://www.astronomy.com/comments/feed/" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/wp\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.5.4"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.5.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='kb-pic-of-the-day-block-css-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/astronomy-core/dist/blocks/pic-of-the-day/styles.css?ver=76de2ad23e6705f17dcdbe997ba98039' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='kb-post-content-selector-block-css-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/astronomy-core/dist/blocks/post-content-selector/styles.css?ver=cc14531cd3d27fb7a0d5c45a67189f41' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--grey: #f2f2f2;--wp--preset--color--blue: #00578a;--wp--preset--color--dark-blue: #002b45;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 1rem;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 1.375rem;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 1.75rem;--wp--preset--font-size--xx-small: 0.75rem;--wp--preset--font-size--x-small: 0.875rem;--wp--preset--font-size--base: 1.125rem;--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large: 2rem;--wp--preset--font-size--xxx-large: 2.5rem;--wp--preset--font-size--xxxx-large: 3.75rem;--wp--preset--spacing--10: clamp(1.5rem, 5vw, 2rem);--wp--preset--spacing--20: clamp(2rem, 6vw, 3rem);--wp--preset--spacing--30: clamp(2.5rem, 7vw, 4.5rem);--wp--preset--spacing--40: clamp(3.5rem, 9vw, 6rem);--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}body { margin: 0;--wp--style--global--content-size: 1200px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1400px; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: underline;}.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link{background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-grey-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey) !important;}.has-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue) !important;}.has-dark-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-blue) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-grey-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey) !important;}.has-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue) !important;}.has-dark-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-blue) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-grey-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey) !important;}.has-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue) !important;}.has-dark-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-xx-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xx-small) !important;}.has-x-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-small) !important;}.has-base-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--base) !important;}.has-xx-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large) !important;}.has-xxx-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xxx-large) !important;}.has-xxxx-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xxxx-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='glide-core-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/astronomy-core/dist/lib/css/glide.core.min.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='seedlet-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Fira+Sans%3Aital%2Cwght%400%2C400%3B0%2C500%3B1%2C400%7CPlayfair+Display%3Aital%2Cwght%400%2C400%3B0%2C700%3B1%2C400&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='seedlet-style-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/seedlet/style.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='seedlet-style-navigation-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/seedlet/assets/css/style-navigation.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astronomy-styles-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/astronomy/dist/style-frontend.css?ver=1.0.4' media='all' /> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js?ver=1.0.0" id="gpt-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/seedlet/assets/js/css-vars-ponyfill2.js?ver=6.5.4" id="css-vars-ponyfill-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/seedlet/assets/js/ie11-fix.js?ver=1.0" id="ie11-fix-js"></script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer',"GTM-WHWV7HZ");</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!-- Google Analytics tag (gtag.js) --> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (i, s, o, g, r, a, m) { i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r; i[r] = i[r] || function () { (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments) }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date(); a = s.createElement(o), m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0]; a.async = 1; a.src = g; m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m) })(window, document, 'script', '//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga'); ga('create', "UA-130806-5", 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview', { 'dimension1': 'Anonymous', 'metric1': 0 }); </script> <!-- End Google Analytics tag (gtag.js) --> <!-- BLOGHER ADS Begin header tag --> <script type="text/javascript"> var blogherads = blogherads || {}; blogherads.adq = blogherads.adq || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" data-cfasync="false" src="https://ads.blogherads.com/static/blogherads.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" data-cfasync="false" src="https://ads.blogherads.com/sk/12/124/1242172/31478/header.js"></script> <!-- BLOGHER ADS End header tag --> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.astronomy.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://www.astronomy.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/47961" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.5.4" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.astronomy.com/' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.astronomy.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomy.com%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.astronomy.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomy.com%2F&format=xml" /> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({'author': 'no author'}); window.dataLayer.push({'categories': ''}); window.dataLayer.push({'tags': ''}); console.log(window.dataLayer); </script><style>.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style><link rel="icon" href="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/cropped-favicon-32x32.jpg" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/cropped-favicon-192x192.jpg" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/cropped-favicon-180x180.jpg" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/cropped-favicon-270x270.jpg" /> <style id="wp-custom-css"> .featured-img { float: none; } .featured-img img { width: 100vw; height: auto; max-width: calc(100vw - 40px); object-fit: cover; } .featured-img__caption { width: calc(100vw - 40px); } @media screen and (min-width: 1024px) { .featured-img { width: 100vw; position: relative; left: 0%; } .featured-img img { width: 100vw; max-width: calc(100vw - 400px); } .featured-img__caption { width: 100vw; max-width: calc(100vw - 400px); } } @media screen and (min-width: 1440px) { .featured-img { width: 100vw; position: relative; left: 0%; } .featured-img img { width: 100vw; max-width: calc(100vw - 440px); } .featured-img__caption { width: 100vw; max-width: calc(100vw - 440px); } } @media screen and (min-width: 1568px) { .featured-img { width: 100vw; position: relative; left: 0%; } .featured-img img { width: 100vw; max-width: 1100px; } .featured-img__caption { width: 100vw; max-width: 1100px; } } </style> </head> <body class="home page-template-default page page-id-47961 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive kserv-logged-out singular has-main-navigation"> <script> //astronomy.com Page Visit olytics.fire({ behaviorId : '2672C9123356A8B', category : '', type : 'front', title : "The world's best website for the the world\u2019s best-selling astronomy magazine.", description : "Astronomy.com is for anyone who wants to learn more about astronomy events, cosmology, planets, galaxies, asteroids, astrophotography, the Big Bang, black holes, comets, constellations, eclipses, exoplanets, nebulae, meteors, quasars, observing, telescopes, NASA, Hubble, space missions, stargazing, and more.", url : 'https://www.astronomy.com/', sitename : 'ASY', slug : 'homepage', modifiedtime : '2025-04-07 15:52:02', publishedtime : '2021-08-05 12:32:18', tag : '', subcategory : '', ages : '', brands : '', productprice : '', presale : '' }); </script> <!-- End Omeda Olytics --> <!-- Nosto Tagging START --> <div class="nosto_customer" style="display:none"> <span class="email"></span> <span class="first_name"></span> <span class="last_name"></span> <span class="customer_reference"></span> <span class="marketing_permission">false</span> </div> <div class="nosto_page_type" style="display:none">front</div> <!-- Nosto Tagging END --> <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header class="site-header" role="banner"> <div class="global__container"> <div class="global__container--text"> <p>Introducing the all-new Astronomy.com Forum! Become a part of our Community! <strong><a href="https://forum.astronomy.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">>> Visit Now</a></strong></p> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-top"> <div class="site-logo"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home" aria-current="page"><img width="236" height="64" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/01/cropped-Logo-white@2x.png" class="custom-logo" alt="Astronomy Magazine logo" decoding="async" /></a> </div> <div class="menu-secondary-header-nav-container"><ul id="menu-secondary-header-nav" class="inline-list"><li id="menu-item-47847" class="kserv-login menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47847"><a href="#">Login/Register</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47884" class="kserv-logout menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47884"><a href="#">Logout</a></li> <li id="menu-item-125577" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-125577"><a href="https://thespacestore.com/">Shop</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47848" class="menu-item-button-outline menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47848"><a href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ASY_NEW_GLOBE&pk=ACF46A1">Subscribe</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="mobile-navigation-triggers"> <button class="search-bar-trigger js-search-bar-trigger-secondary button button-icon" title="Search" aria-controls="search" aria-expanded="false"> <svg class="closed" width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M9.053 0c5 0 9.053 4.053 9.053 9.053 0 2.082-.71 3.994-1.891 5.523l3.447 3.447c.45.451.45 1.188 0 1.639-.451.45-1.188.45-1.639 0l-3.447-3.447a9.003 9.003 0 01-5.523 1.891c-5 0-9.053-4.053-9.053-9.053C0 4.053 4.053 0 9.053 0zm0 2.108a6.945 6.945 0 00-6.945 6.945 6.945 6.945 0 006.945 6.945 6.945 6.945 0 006.945-6.945 6.945 6.945 0 00-6.945-6.945z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <svg class="opened" width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="48" height="48" fill="white" fill-opacity="0.01"/><path d="M8 8L40 40" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M8 40L40 8" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> </button> <button id="primary-open-menu" class="nav-trigger button button-icon" title="Open menu" aria-controls="primary-menu-list" aria-expanded="false"> <svg width="30" height="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M30 12v2H6v-2h24zm0-6v2H0V6h30zm0-6v2H6V0h24z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </button> <button id="primary-close-menu" class="nav-trigger button button-icon" title="Close menu" aria-controls="primary-menu-list" aria-expanded="false"> <svg class="opened" width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="48" height="48" fill="white" fill-opacity="0.01"/><path d="M8 8L40 40" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M8 40L40 8" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> </button> </div> </div> <hr> <div class="site-header-primary"> <div class="menu-primary-navigation-container"><ul id="menu-primary-navigation" class="inline-list"><li id="menu-item-122372" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-122372"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/news/">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-61259" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-61259"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Science</a><svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.96954 10.2804L11.9999 15.3107L17.0302 10.2804L15.9695 9.21973L11.9999 13.1894L8.0302 9.21973L6.96954 10.2804Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-122355" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122355"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/">Science</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122351" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122351"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/solar-system/">Solar System</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122352" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122352"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/exoplanets/">Exoplanets</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122353" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122353"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/stars/">Stars</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122356" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122356"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/milky-way/">Milky Way</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122354" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122354"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/galaxies/">Galaxies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122358" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122358"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/exotic-objects/">Exotic Objects</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122359" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122359"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/cosmology/">Cosmology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-122360" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-122360"><a aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Observing</a><svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.96954 10.2804L11.9999 15.3107L17.0302 10.2804L15.9695 9.21973L11.9999 13.1894L8.0302 9.21973L6.96954 10.2804Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-122376" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122376"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/">Observing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-124916" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-124916"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/in-the-sky/">In The Sky</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122363" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122363"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/upcoming-events/">Upcoming Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122362" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122362"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-sun/">The Sun</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122361" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122361"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-moon/">The Moon</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122364" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122364"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/planets-observing/">Planets</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122365" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122365"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/deep-sky-objects/">Deep-Sky Objects</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122366" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122366"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/observing-basics/">Observing Basics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122367" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122367"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/telescopes-equipment/">Telescopes and Equipment</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122368" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122368"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/astrophotography/">Astrophotography</a></li> <li id="menu-item-156575" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-156575"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/gear-guide/">Gear Guide</a></li> <li id="menu-item-153987" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-153987"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/tags/this-week-in-astronomy/">This Week in Astronomy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-122369" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-122369"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Space Exploration</a><svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.96954 10.2804L11.9999 15.3107L17.0302 10.2804L15.9695 9.21973L11.9999 13.1894L8.0302 9.21973L6.96954 10.2804Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-122375" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122375"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/">Space Exploration</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122370" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122370"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/human-spaceflight/">Human Spaceflight</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122371" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122371"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/robotic-spaceflight/">Robotic Spaceflight</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-122373" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-122373"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/magazine/">The Magazine</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122378" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-122378"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/ask-astro/">Ask Astro</a></li> <li id="menu-item-154632" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-154632"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/newsletters/universe-discovered/">Universe, Discovered</a></li> </ul></div> <div id="mobile-drawer" class="site-header-menus"> <div class="menu-primary-header-nav-mobile-container"><ul id="menu-primary-header-nav-mobile" class="inline-list"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-122372"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/news/">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-61259"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Science</a><svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.96954 10.2804L11.9999 15.3107L17.0302 10.2804L15.9695 9.21973L11.9999 13.1894L8.0302 9.21973L6.96954 10.2804Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122355"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/">Science</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122351"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/solar-system/">Solar System</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122352"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/exoplanets/">Exoplanets</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122353"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/stars/">Stars</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122356"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/milky-way/">Milky Way</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122354"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/galaxies/">Galaxies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122358"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/exotic-objects/">Exotic Objects</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122359"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/cosmology/">Cosmology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-122360"><a aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Observing</a><svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.96954 10.2804L11.9999 15.3107L17.0302 10.2804L15.9695 9.21973L11.9999 13.1894L8.0302 9.21973L6.96954 10.2804Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122376"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/">Observing</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-124916"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/in-the-sky/">In The Sky</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122363"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/upcoming-events/">Upcoming Events</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122362"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-sun/">The Sun</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122361"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-moon/">The Moon</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122364"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/planets-observing/">Planets</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122365"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/deep-sky-objects/">Deep-Sky Objects</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122366"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/observing-basics/">Observing Basics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122367"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/telescopes-equipment/">Telescopes and Equipment</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122368"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/astrophotography/">Astrophotography</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-156575"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/gear-guide/">Gear Guide</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-153987"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/tags/this-week-in-astronomy/">This Week in Astronomy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-122369"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Space Exploration</a><svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.96954 10.2804L11.9999 15.3107L17.0302 10.2804L15.9695 9.21973L11.9999 13.1894L8.0302 9.21973L6.96954 10.2804Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122375"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/">Space Exploration</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122370"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/human-spaceflight/">Human Spaceflight</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122371"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/robotic-spaceflight/">Robotic Spaceflight</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-122373"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/magazine/">The Magazine</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-122378"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/ask-astro/">Ask Astro</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-154632"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/newsletters/universe-discovered/">Universe, Discovered</a></li> </ul></div><div class="menu-secondary-header-nav-mobile-container"><ul id="menu-secondary-header-nav-mobile" class="menu"><li class="kserv-login menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47847"><a href="#">Login/Register</a></li> <li class="kserv-logout menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47884"><a href="#">Logout</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-125577"><a href="https://thespacestore.com/">Shop</a></li> <li class="menu-item-button-outline menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47848"><a href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ASY_NEW_GLOBE&pk=ACF46A1">Subscribe</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <button class="search-bar-trigger js-search-bar-trigger-primary button button-icon" title="Search" aria-controls="search" aria-expanded="false"> <svg class="closed" width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M9.053 0c5 0 9.053 4.053 9.053 9.053 0 2.082-.71 3.994-1.891 5.523l3.447 3.447c.45.451.45 1.188 0 1.639-.451.45-1.188.45-1.639 0l-3.447-3.447a9.003 9.003 0 01-5.523 1.891c-5 0-9.053-4.053-9.053-9.053C0 4.053 4.053 0 9.053 0zm0 2.108a6.945 6.945 0 00-6.945 6.945 6.945 6.945 0 006.945 6.945 6.945 6.945 0 006.945-6.945 6.945 6.945 0 00-6.945-6.945z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <svg class="opened" width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="48" height="48" fill="white" fill-opacity="0.01"/><path d="M8 8L40 40" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M8 40L40 8" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> </button> </div> </header> <div class="search-bar js-search-bar"> <div class="default-max-width"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://www.astronomy.com/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <section id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-47961" class="post-47961 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry entry"> <div class="entry-content default-max-width"> <h1 class="wp-block-heading screen-reader-text">Astronomy Magazine – Your source for the latest news on astronomy, observing events, space missions, and more.</h1> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull has-grey-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)"> <div class="wp-block-group block-section-heading is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Top Stories</h2> <p><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/news/">View All News</a></p> </div> <div class="wp-block-kb-post-content-selector"><div class="wp-block-kb-post-content-selector__grid" data-layout="stories" data-count="4"> <article id="post-160492" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-160492 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-telescopes-equipment tag-gear-guide tag-telescopes entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-best-new-astronomy-products-we-saw-at-neaf-2025/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="The best new astronomy products we saw at NEAF 2025"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="620" height="465" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Seestar-768x576.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Seestar-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Seestar-300x225.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Seestar-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Seestar-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Seestar-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Seestar-1568x1176.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/telescopes-equipment/" rel="tag">Telescopes and Equipment</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-best-new-astronomy-products-we-saw-at-neaf-2025/" >The best new astronomy products we saw at NEAF 2025</a></h3> </div> </article> <article id="post-160059" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-160059 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-astrophotography category-telescopes-equipment tag-affiliate tag-astrophotography tag-magazine tag-telescopes issues-april-2025 entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/astronomy-tests-a-telescope-for-your-smartphone/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Review: Astronomy tests Vaonis’ Hestia telescope for your smartphone"> <img decoding="async" width="620" height="620" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/ASY-ER0425_01-768x768.jpeg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/ASY-ER0425_01-768x768.jpeg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/ASY-ER0425_01-300x300.jpeg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/ASY-ER0425_01-1200x1200.jpeg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/ASY-ER0425_01-150x150.jpeg 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/ASY-ER0425_01-1536x1536.jpeg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/ASY-ER0425_01-2048x2048.jpeg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/ASY-ER0425_01-1568x1568.jpeg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/astrophotography/" rel="tag">Astrophotography</a>, <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/telescopes-equipment/" rel="tag">Telescopes and Equipment</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/astronomy-tests-a-telescope-for-your-smartphone/" >Review: Astronomy tests Vaonis’ Hestia telescope for your smartphone</a></h3> </div> </article> <article id="post-160217" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-160217 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-solar-system tag-ask-astro tag-asteroids tag-magazine tag-the-solar-system issues-april-2025 entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/was-there-ever-a-planet-between-mars-and-jupiter/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Was there ever a planet between Mars and Jupiter? "> <img decoding="async" width="620" height="617" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/03/Main-Belt.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Illustration of the main belt of asteroids" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/03/Main-Belt.png 738w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/03/Main-Belt-300x300.png 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/03/Main-Belt-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/solar-system/" rel="tag">Solar System</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/was-there-ever-a-planet-between-mars-and-jupiter/" >Was there ever a planet between Mars and Jupiter? </a></h3> </div> </article> <article id="post-160470" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-160470 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-human-spaceflight category-space-exploration tag-human-spaceflight tag-nasa entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/how-project-gemini-changed-spaceflight/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="How Project Gemini changed spaceflight"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="620" height="490" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/stafford1-768x607.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/stafford1-768x607.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/stafford1-300x237.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/stafford1.jpg 1041w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/human-spaceflight/" rel="tag">Human Spaceflight</a>, <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/" rel="tag">Space Exploration</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/how-project-gemini-changed-spaceflight/" >How Project Gemini changed spaceflight</a></h3> </div> </article> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)"> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-group block-section-heading is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Picture of the Day</h2> <p><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/picture-of-the-day/">See all photos</a></p> </div> <div class="wp-block-kb-pic-of-the-day"> <div class="wp-block-kb-pic-of-the-day__img"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/picture-of-the-day/photo/horns-of-the-sun/"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="620" height="427" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Horns-of-fire-sunrise-March-29-2025-Monticello-Maine-Fabrizio-Melandri-1200x827.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" alt="" /> </a> </div> <div class="wp-block-kb-pic-of-the-day__content"> <h3 class="wp-block-kb-pic-of-the-day__heading"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/picture-of-the-day/photo/horns-of-the-sun/">Horns of the Sun</a> </h3> <p>Fabrizio Melandri from Voltana, Italy</p> <p>The partial solar eclipse of March 29, 2025, gave viewers along the U.S. Eastern Seaboard a view of “devil’s horns” — the horns of a partially eclipsed Sun emerging from the horizon at sunrise. This photographer captured this phenomenon from Monticello, Maine, with a 4-inch f/7 refractor and Nikon DSLR.</p> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-group block-section-heading is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">In the Sky</h2> <p><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/in-the-sky/">Explore all</a></p> </div> <div class="wp-block-kb-post-content-selector"><div class="wp-block-kb-post-content-selector__grid" data-layout="grid" data-count="1"> <article id="post-160424" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-160424 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-observing tag-observing tag-sky-this-week entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-sky-this-week-from-april-4-to-11-2025/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="The Sky This Week from April 4 to 11: Catch your last views of Uranus"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="620" height="448" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Uranus-Voyager-768x555.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Uranus in true color, imaged by Voyager" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Uranus-Voyager-768x555.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Uranus-Voyager-300x217.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Uranus-Voyager.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" rel="tag">Observing</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-sky-this-week-from-april-4-to-11-2025/" >The Sky This Week from April 4 to 11: Catch your last views of Uranus</a></h3> </div> </article> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10)"> <div class="wp-block-columns mobile-first-only is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <div id="homePageBelowMagazine"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)"> <div class="wp-block-group block-section-heading is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">More News</h2> <p><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/news/">View All News</a></p> </div> <div class="wp-block-kb-post-content-selector"><div class="wp-block-kb-post-content-selector__grid" data-layout="news" data-count="4"> <article id="post-160461" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-160461 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-human-spaceflight tag-human-spaceflight tag-news tag-spacex entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/fram2-astronauts-splash-down-after-historic-polar-spaceflight/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Fram2 astronauts splash down after historic polar spaceflight"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="620" height="349" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Fram2-splashdown-768x432.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Fram2 spacecraft descending for splashdown" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Fram2-splashdown-768x432.png 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Fram2-splashdown-300x169.png 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Fram2-splashdown-1200x675.png 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Fram2-splashdown-1536x864.png 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Fram2-splashdown-1568x882.png 1568w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Fram2-splashdown.png 1896w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/human-spaceflight/" rel="tag">Human Spaceflight</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/fram2-astronauts-splash-down-after-historic-polar-spaceflight/" >Fram2 astronauts splash down after historic polar spaceflight</a></h3> </div> </article> <article id="post-160449" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-160449 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-alien-life category-solar-system tag-alien-life tag-curiosity tag-mars tag-news entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/curiosity-discovers-largest-organic-molecules-yet-on-mars/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Curiosity discovers largest organic molecules yet on Mars"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="620" height="349" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Curiosity-selfie-768x432.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Curiosity rover selfie on Mars" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Curiosity-selfie-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Curiosity-selfie-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Curiosity-selfie-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Curiosity-selfie.jpg 1320w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/alien-life/" rel="tag">Alien Life</a>, <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/solar-system/" rel="tag">Solar System</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/curiosity-discovers-largest-organic-molecules-yet-on-mars/" >Curiosity discovers largest organic molecules yet on Mars</a></h3> </div> </article> <article id="post-160333" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-160333 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-human-spaceflight tag-human-spaceflight tag-news entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/megaroc-the-british-manned-space-program-that-almost-was/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Megaroc: The British manned space program that almost was"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="620" height="477" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Bumper-V-2-launch-768x591.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Bumper V-2 rocket launch" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Bumper-V-2-launch-768x591.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Bumper-V-2-launch-300x231.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Bumper-V-2-launch-1200x923.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Bumper-V-2-launch.jpg 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/human-spaceflight/" rel="tag">Human Spaceflight</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/megaroc-the-british-manned-space-program-that-almost-was/" >Megaroc: The British manned space program that almost was</a></h3> </div> </article> <article id="post-160380" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-160380 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-science category-space-exploration tag-news tag-science tag-space-exploration entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/starmus-launches-the-stephen-hawking-medal-junior-at-the-kennedy-center/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="STARMUS Launches the Stephen Hawking Medal Junior at The Kennedy Center"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="620" height="413" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Stephen-Hawking-Medal-Junior_STARMUS_elmanstudio-768x512.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Stephen-Hawking-Medal-Junior_STARMUS_elmanstudio-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Stephen-Hawking-Medal-Junior_STARMUS_elmanstudio-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Stephen-Hawking-Medal-Junior_STARMUS_elmanstudio-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Stephen-Hawking-Medal-Junior_STARMUS_elmanstudio-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Stephen-Hawking-Medal-Junior_STARMUS_elmanstudio-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/04/Stephen-Hawking-Medal-Junior_STARMUS_elmanstudio-1568x1045.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/" rel="tag">Science</a>, <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/" rel="tag">Space Exploration</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/starmus-launches-the-stephen-hawking-medal-junior-at-the-kennedy-center/" >STARMUS Launches the Stephen Hawking Medal Junior at The Kennedy Center</a></h3> </div> </article> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull block-magazine-subscribe-cta has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-11 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="background-color:#303030;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)"> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:35%"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1965" height="2560" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/03/ASY-CV0425-scaled.jpg" alt="Astronomy magazine April 2025 cover" class="wp-image-160082" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/03/ASY-CV0425-scaled.jpg 1965w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/03/ASY-CV0425-230x300.jpg 230w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/03/ASY-CV0425-921x1200.jpg 921w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/03/ASY-CV0425-768x1001.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/03/ASY-CV0425-1179x1536.jpg 1179w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/03/ASY-CV0425-1572x2048.jpg 1572w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/03/ASY-CV0425-1568x2043.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1965px) 100vw, 1965px" /></figure> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-white-color has-text-color"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/issues/2025/april-2025/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.astronomy.com/issues/2025/march-2025/">April 2025</a></h2> <ul class="has-white-color has-text-color"> <li><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/solving-the-climate-equation/">Solving the climate equation</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/how-to-build-climate-solutions-an-interview-with-tony-fadell/" data-type="post" data-id="159858">Building climate solutions: An interview with Tony Fadell</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/why-our-climate-future-depends-on-antarctica/" data-type="post" data-id="159874">Why our climate future depends on Antarctica</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/how-we-study-our-planet/" data-type="post" data-id="159887">How we study our planet</a></strong></li> </ul> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ASY_NEW_GLOBE&pk=ACF46A2">Subscribe</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="home-product-recommendations" class="wp-block-group nosto_element is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10)"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center">Product Recommendations</h2> <div class="wp-block-content-carousel glide "> <div class="wp-block-content-carousel__slides js-glide-carousel" data-carousel_config="content-carousel-block-32339" data-num-to-display="5"> <div class="glide__arrows glide__arrow-left" data-glide-el="controls[nav]"> <button class="glide__arrow" data-glide-dir="<"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Previous</span> </button> </div> <div class="glide__arrows glide__arrow-right" data-glide-el="controls[nav]"> <button class="glide__arrow" data-glide-dir=">"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Next</span> </button> </div> <div class="content-carousel__container glide__track" data-glide-el="track"> <ul class="glide__slides"> <li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/products/deep-space-mysteries-2025-calendar" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="242" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/PRD-68213-CV-ASY-2025-300x242.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/PRD-68213-CV-ASY-2025-300x242.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/PRD-68213-CV-ASY-2025-768x621.webp 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/PRD-68213-CV-ASY-2025.webp 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">New arrivals</p> <h3 class="card-title">Deep Space Mysteries 2025 Calendar</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/collections/meteorites-1/products/campo-del-cielo-meteorite-1" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="284" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/04/81583a.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="Campo del Cielo Meteorite" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Gifts & Toys</p> <h3 class="card-title">Campo del Cielo Meteorite</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/products/6-neptune-globe" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="276" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/Neptune_6_globe_black-removebg-preview-300x276.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/Neptune_6_globe_black-removebg-preview-300x276.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/Neptune_6_globe_black-removebg-preview.webp 444w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Globes & Maps</p> <h3 class="card-title">6-Inch Neptune Globe</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/products/nasa-spacex-crew-10-mission-patch" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="261" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/01/Screenshot-2025-01-02-084347-300x261.png" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/01/Screenshot-2025-01-02-084347-300x261.png 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/01/Screenshot-2025-01-02-084347-768x668.png 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2025/01/Screenshot-2025-01-02-084347.png 1040w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Gifts & Toys</p> <h3 class="card-title">NASA SpaceX Crew 10 Mission Patch</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/collections/new-collection/products/atlantis-orbiter-m-1-144-model" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="276" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/p-e4614_1-300x276.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/p-e4614_1-300x276.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/p-e4614_1-768x706.webp 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/p-e4614_1.webp 801w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">STEM Toys</p> <h3 class="card-title">Atlantis Orbiter 1/144 Model</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/collections/new-collection/products/6-earth-globe" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/Earth_6_globe_2-removebg-preview-300x300.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/Earth_6_globe_2-removebg-preview-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/Earth_6_globe_2-removebg-preview-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/Earth_6_globe_2-removebg-preview.webp 500w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Globes & Maps</p> <h3 class="card-title">6" Earth Globe</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/products/infrared-jupiter-round-puzzle-1000-pieces" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/89154_500-300x300.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/89154_500-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/89154_500-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/89154_500.webp 500w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Gifts & Toys</p> <h3 class="card-title">Infrared Jupiter Puzzle </h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/collections/new-collection/products/expedition-73-no-names" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/expedition73-300x300.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/expedition73-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/expedition73-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/expedition73.webp 750w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Gifts & Toys</p> <h3 class="card-title">Expedition 73 No Names</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/collections/new-collection/products/artemis-program-addidas-quarter-zip-pullover?variant=45705906454745" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2-300x300.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2-1200x1200.webp 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2-768x768.webp 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2-1568x1568.webp 1568w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2.webp 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Apparel</p> <h3 class="card-title">Artemis Program Addidas Quarter zip pullover</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/collections/new-collection/products/astronomy-magazine-under-armour-mens-polo?variant=45670013763801" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9-300x300.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9-1200x1200.webp 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9-768x768.webp 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9-1568x1568.webp 1568w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9.webp 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Apparel</p> <h3 class="card-title">Astronomy Magazine Under Armour® men's polo</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/collections/new-collection/products/nasa-unisex-hoodie?variant=45691484340441" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9-300x300.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9-1200x1200.webp 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9-768x768.webp 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9-1568x1568.webp 1568w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9.webp 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Apparel</p> <h3 class="card-title">NASA Embroidered Unisex Hoodie</h3> </article> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://thespacestore.com/">Visit The Space Store</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10)"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center">Popular Explorations</h2> <div class="wp-block-post-carousel glide "> <div class="wp-block-post-carousel__slides"> <div class="js-glide-carousel" data-carousel_config="post-carousel-block" data-num-to-display="6"> <div class="glide__arrows glide__arrow-left" data-glide-el="controls[nav]"> <button class="glide__arrow" data-glide-dir="<"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Previous</span> </button> </div> <div class="glide__arrows glide__arrow-right" data-glide-el="controls[nav]"> <button class="glide__arrow" data-glide-dir=">"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Next</span> </button> </div> <div class="glide__track" data-glide-el="track"> <ul class="glide__slides"> <li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-egypt-12-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour-with-nile-cruise/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2027 Egypt 12-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour with Nile Cruise"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Aswan-AXP-PhotographyUnsplash-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Aswan-AXP-PhotographyUnsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Aswan-AXP-PhotographyUnsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Aswan-AXP-PhotographyUnsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Aswan-AXP-PhotographyUnsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Aswan-AXP-PhotographyUnsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Aswan-AXP-PhotographyUnsplash-1568x1045.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-egypt-12-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour-with-nile-cruise/">2027 Egypt 12-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour with Nile Cruise</a> </h3> </article> </li><li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-morocco-portugal-spain-17-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2026 Morocco, Portugal, & Spain 17-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="189" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Marrakesh-Zoltan-Tasi-Unsplash-300x189.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Marrakesh-Zoltan-Tasi-Unsplash-300x189.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Marrakesh-Zoltan-Tasi-Unsplash-1200x757.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Marrakesh-Zoltan-Tasi-Unsplash-768x485.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Marrakesh-Zoltan-Tasi-Unsplash-1536x969.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Marrakesh-Zoltan-Tasi-Unsplash-2048x1293.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Marrakesh-Zoltan-Tasi-Unsplash-1568x990.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-morocco-portugal-spain-17-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/">2026 Morocco, Portugal, & Spain 17-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour</a> </h3> </article> </li><li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-jordan-egypt-13-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2027 Jordan & Egypt 13-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Petra-Snowscat-Unsplash-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Petra-Snowscat-Unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Petra-Snowscat-Unsplash-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Petra-Snowscat-Unsplash-768x511.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-jordan-egypt-13-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/">2027 Jordan & Egypt 13-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour</a> </h3> </article> </li><li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-iceland-7-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2026 Iceland 7-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Skogafoss-Nuno-Antunes-Unsplash-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Skogafoss-Nuno-Antunes-Unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Skogafoss-Nuno-Antunes-Unsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Skogafoss-Nuno-Antunes-Unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Skogafoss-Nuno-Antunes-Unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Skogafoss-Nuno-Antunes-Unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Skogafoss-Nuno-Antunes-Unsplash-1568x1045.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-iceland-7-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/">2026 Iceland 7-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour</a> </h3> </article> </li><li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-portugal-spain-15-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2026 Portugal & Spain 15-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="202" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Belem-Tower-Edoardo-Bortoli-Unsplash-300x202.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Belem-Tower-Edoardo-Bortoli-Unsplash-300x202.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Belem-Tower-Edoardo-Bortoli-Unsplash-1200x806.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Belem-Tower-Edoardo-Bortoli-Unsplash-768x516.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Belem-Tower-Edoardo-Bortoli-Unsplash-1536x1032.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Belem-Tower-Edoardo-Bortoli-Unsplash-2048x1376.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Belem-Tower-Edoardo-Bortoli-Unsplash-1568x1054.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-portugal-spain-15-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/">2026 Portugal & Spain 15-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour</a> </h3> </article> </li><li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-spain-9-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2026 Spain 9-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Barcelona-Logan-Armstrong-Unsplash-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Barcelona-Logan-Armstrong-Unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Barcelona-Logan-Armstrong-Unsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Barcelona-Logan-Armstrong-Unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Barcelona-Logan-Armstrong-Unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Barcelona-Logan-Armstrong-Unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Barcelona-Logan-Armstrong-Unsplash-1568x1045.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-spain-9-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/">2026 Spain 9-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour</a> </h3> </article> </li><li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-egypt-8-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2027 Egypt 8-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Egypt-Simon-Berger-Unsplash-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Egypt-Simon-Berger-Unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Egypt-Simon-Berger-Unsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Egypt-Simon-Berger-Unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Egypt-Simon-Berger-Unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Egypt-Simon-Berger-Unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Egypt-Simon-Berger-Unsplash-1568x1045.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-egypt-8-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/">2027 Egypt 8-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour</a> </h3> </article> </li><li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-egypt-pre-eclipse-turkey-extension-istanbul-cappadocia/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2027 Egypt Pre-Eclipse Turkey Extension: Istanbul & Cappadocia"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Cappadocia-Tony-LeeUnsplash-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Cappadocia-Tony-LeeUnsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Cappadocia-Tony-LeeUnsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Cappadocia-Tony-LeeUnsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Cappadocia-Tony-LeeUnsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Cappadocia-Tony-LeeUnsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Cappadocia-Tony-LeeUnsplash-1568x1045.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-egypt-pre-eclipse-turkey-extension-istanbul-cappadocia/">2027 Egypt Pre-Eclipse Turkey Extension: Istanbul & Cappadocia</a> </h3> </article> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- .entry-content --> </article><!-- #post-47961 --> </main><!-- #main --> </section><!-- #primary --> </div><!-- #content --> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo" aria-label="Footer"> <div class="footer-magazine"> <div class="default-max-width"> <div class="footer-magazine-inner"> <img class="footer-magazine-image" src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/01/3-Issue-Image@2x.png" alt="Astronomy Magazine"> <div class="footer-magazine-content"> <h3 class="footer-magazine-title"> Astronomy magazine: 50 years and counting </h3> <p class="footer-magazine-description"> The world's best-selling astronomy magazine offers you the most exciting, visually stunning, and timely coverage of the heavens above. Each issue includes expert science reporting, vivid color photography, complete sky coverage, spot-on observing tips, informative telescope reviews, and much more! All this in a user-friendly style that's perfect for astronomers at any level. </p> <a class="footer-magazine-cta arrow-cta" href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ASY_New&pk=ACF42A3"> Count me in </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-newsletter"> <div class="default-max-width"> <div class="footer-newsletter-inner"> <div class="footer-newsletter-content"> <h3 class="footer-newsletter-title"> Astronomy Newsletter </h3> <p class="footer-newsletter-description"> Get newsletters, updates and special offers via email from Astronomy.com! </p> </div> <div class="footer-newsletter-cta"> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <div class='gf_browser_ie gf_browser_ie7 gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework kserv-newsletter-form_wrapper' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_1' ><div id='gf_1' class='gform_anchor' tabindex='-1'></div> <div class='gform_heading'> <p class='gform_required_legend'>"<span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span>" indicates required fields</p> </div><form method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data' target='gform_ajax_frame_1' id='gform_1' class='kserv-newsletter-form' action='/#gf_1' data-formid='1' novalidate> <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_1' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below'><div id="field_1_2" class="gfield gfield--type-hidden gfield--width-full gform_hidden field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_2"><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_2' id='input_1_2' type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' aria-invalid="false" value='News' /></div></div><div id="field_1_3" class="gfield gfield--type-hidden gfield--width-full gform_hidden field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_3"><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_3' id='input_1_3' type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' aria-invalid="false" value='ASY' /></div></div><div id="field_1_1" class="gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-three-quarter gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_1"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_1_1' >Enter Email Address<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'> <input name='input_1' id='input_1_1' type='email' value='' class='large' aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><div id="field_submit" class="gfield gfield--type-submit gfield--width-quarter field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-field-class="gform_editor_submit_container" data-field-position="inline" data-js-reload="true"><input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_1' class='gform-button gform-button--white button gform-button--width-full' value='Sign Up' onclick='if(window["gf_submitting_1"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_1"]=true;} ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window["gf_submitting_1"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_1"]=true;} jQuery("#gform_1").trigger("submit",[true]); }' /></div><div id="field_1_4" class="gfield gfield--type-honeypot gform_validation_container field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_4"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_1_4' >Email</label><div class='ginput_container'><input name='input_4' id='input_1_4' type='text' value='' autocomplete='new-password'/></div><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_1_4'>This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.</div></div></div></div> <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='hidden' name='gform_ajax' value='form_id=1&title=&description=&tabindex=-1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_1' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_1' value='WyJbXSIsIjExNDM3NWE1ZTJlZmYwYzJkZTk3ZWI5ZDdlZmNiNzgzIl0=' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_1' id='gform_target_page_number_1' value='0' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_1' id='gform_source_page_number_1' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' /> </div> </form> </div> <iframe style='display:none;width:0px;height:0px;' src='about:blank' name='gform_ajax_frame_1' id='gform_ajax_frame_1' title='This iframe contains the logic required to handle Ajax powered Gravity Forms.'></iframe> <script> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 1, 'https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_1').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_1');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_1').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { /* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome */ jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').offset().top - mt); }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_1').val();gformInitSpinner( 1, 'https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [1, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_1'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}setTimeout(function(){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gf_1').offset().top - mt);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [1]);window['gf_submitting_1'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_1').text());}, 50);}else{jQuery('#gform_1').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [1, current_page]);gform.utils.trigger({ event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 1, currentPage: current_page } });} );} ); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-main"> <div class="default-max-width"> <div class="footer-main-inner"> <div class="site-logo"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home" aria-current="page"><img width="236" height="64" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/01/cropped-Logo-white@2x.png" class="custom-logo" alt="Astronomy Magazine logo" decoding="async" /></a> </div> <div class="footer-main-menus"> <ul class="social-list inline-list"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyMagazine/"> <svg width="10" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.595 4.401c0-.78.556-.962.947-.962h2.403V.012L6.635 0c-3.674 0-4.51 2.556-4.51 4.192v2.284H0v3.531h2.125V20h4.47v-9.993H9.61L10 6.476H6.595V4.401z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Facebook </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/astronomy-magazine"> <svg width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M19.843 19.435H15.59v-7.017c0-1.762-.616-2.965-2.155-2.965-1.175 0-1.875.81-2.182 1.595-.113.28-.14.67-.14 1.063v7.324H6.86s.056-11.885 0-13.114h4.255v1.856c.564-.893 1.574-2.165 3.833-2.165 1.398 0 2.622.468 3.497 1.44.875.973 1.399 2.45 1.399 4.464v7.519zM2.379 4.53H2.35C.923 4.53 0 3.523 0 2.264 0 .98.952 0 2.407 0c1.454 0 2.35.98 2.378 2.264 0 1.26-.924 2.266-2.406 2.266zM.25 19.435h4.253V6.32H.251v13.114z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> LinkedIn </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/astronomymagazine"> <svg width="24" height="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M5.667.13A145.11 145.11 0 0116.852.088c1.23.04 2.496.088 3.62.178 2.532.202 3.173 1.738 3.406 4.154.04.408.057.836.071 1.2v.023c.054.066.008.228.024.333v.132c.054.134.008.363.023.535v2.932c-.015.104.031.266-.023.333v.133c-.016.104.03.267-.024.334v.11c-.014.082.031.223-.023.267-.016.098.03.252-.024.31-.1 1.433-.234 2.683-.893 3.534-.748.967-2.053 1.224-3.83 1.222-.032.05-.163.008-.236.02h-.235c-.04.053-.178.01-.258.024h-.282c-.047.05-.195.008-.282.023h-.328c-.025.02-.067.025-.114.025l-.148-.006-.068.003h-.376a.287.287 0 01-.141.025l-.176-.006-.082.003h-.423c-.126.05-.352.006-.517.022h-.563c-.174.052-.447.007-.659.023h-.846c-.745.037-1.653.037-2.397 0h-.799c-.235-.016-.533.029-.728-.023h-.61c-.182-.016-.424.029-.566-.022H7.83a.846.846 0 00-.095-.003l-.205.006a.417.417 0 01-.17-.025h-.424c-.125-.015-.313.028-.398-.022h-.352c-.104-.015-.268.029-.33-.023h-.306c-.086-.013-.234.029-.28-.023h-.237c-.079-.013-.218.03-.258-.021-1.725-.056-3.086-.27-3.807-1.266-.622-.86-.784-2.064-.87-3.49-.054-.058-.008-.212-.023-.31-.055-.044-.009-.185-.023-.267v-.11c-.055-.067-.009-.23-.024-.334v-.133c-.054-.067-.009-.23-.024-.333V6.642c.015-.172-.03-.401.024-.535v-.132c.015-.105-.03-.267.024-.333v-.023C.123 3.268.421 1.238 2.26.509 3.13.162 4.497.184 5.667.13zm3.854 4.468v6.332c.237-.08.42-.211.658-.29.044-.062.128-.085.211-.111a58.734 58.734 0 011.95-.955c.081-.057.176-.101.282-.134.112-.065.214-.14.353-.177.097-.065.206-.117.33-.157 0-.02.028-.016.046-.022a34.578 34.578 0 011.998-.977c.044-.062.128-.086.211-.111.117-.081.27-.131.4-.2-.04-.125-.228-.111-.307-.2-.082-.025-.167-.048-.21-.111a1.324 1.324 0 01-.33-.156c-.082-.024-.168-.048-.212-.11a1.344 1.344 0 01-.328-.156c-.083-.026-.168-.048-.212-.111-.044-.003-.078-.015-.093-.045-.16-.063-.327-.121-.447-.223-.044-.001-.079-.013-.094-.042-.16-.065-.326-.123-.446-.223-.044-.003-.079-.015-.095-.045-.159-.064-.325-.121-.446-.222-.087-.013-.138-.062-.212-.09-.104-.063-.25-.088-.329-.176-.086-.015-.137-.063-.21-.09-.106-.064-.25-.09-.33-.177-.087-.015-.138-.062-.21-.09-.106-.062-.252-.09-.33-.177-.038.006-.04-.02-.07-.022-.153-.086-.345-.134-.47-.244-.039.006-.04-.022-.072-.023-.152-.087-.344-.133-.469-.245-.039.007-.04-.02-.07-.021-.153-.064-.283-.15-.447-.2z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> YouTube </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/astronomy.magazine/"> <svg width="24" height="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11.477.002c1.393.004 2.786-.015 4.178.02a72.8 72.8 0 011.044.037c.33.015.662.032.992.066.492.05.977.134 1.454.264 1.169.321 2.182.9 3.01 1.794a6.191 6.191 0 011.319 2.23c.243.709.37 1.439.427 2.185.037.495.053.991.07 1.487.01.304.013.609.018.913l.002.67c0 .007.006.013.01.02v4.625c-.004.007-.01.014-.01.021l-.002.669c-.004.194-.003.388-.01.582-.008.363-.022.725-.037 1.088a14.06 14.06 0 01-.116 1.419 8.372 8.372 0 01-.352 1.497 6.149 6.149 0 01-1.92 2.796c-.697.585-1.5.965-2.37 1.213a8.95 8.95 0 01-1.787.303c-.488.037-.978.052-1.467.069-.31.012-.618.013-.926.019-.07-.001-.136-.004-.204-.002-.025 0-.054-.016-.073.013H9.275c-.006-.02-.023-.014-.036-.014l-.252.002c-.192-.002-.384-.003-.576-.008-.365-.01-.73-.023-1.094-.039a16.46 16.46 0 01-1.11-.077 8.805 8.805 0 01-1.485-.292 6.191 6.191 0 01-3.193-2.123C.864 20.616.482 19.656.266 18.624a10.603 10.603 0 01-.198-1.712 74.99 74.99 0 01-.05-1.337c-.01-.369-.014-.739-.015-1.108C0 13.79 0 13.113.002 12.436c.003-1.363-.014-2.726.02-4.09.009-.352.023-.704.038-1.056.017-.402.04-.803.09-1.203a8.538 8.538 0 01.366-1.641 6.132 6.132 0 012.07-2.945C3.18 1.031 3.85.709 4.566.477 5.323.232 6.104.121 6.895.079A59.594 59.594 0 018.422.018 41.38 41.38 0 019.535.003C10.182 0 10.83 0 11.477.002zm2.04 2.166l-.94.001c-1.16.003-2.318-.009-3.477.008-.485.008-.971.017-1.457.039-.36.015-.72.027-1.08.063a6.735 6.735 0 00-1.135.203c-.456.128-.895.299-1.288.569a4 4 0 00-1.584 2.13 7.178 7.178 0 00-.31 1.791c-.027.494-.044.988-.06 1.481-.01.365-.014.73-.016 1.096-.003.732-.003 1.465-.001 2.199v2.1l.009 1.05c.008.593.025 1.185.05 1.777.017.36.04.719.089 1.077.059.427.154.846.305 1.251.389 1.04 1.085 1.797 2.094 2.259.667.306 1.379.429 2.105.482.418.03.837.045 1.256.058.42.014.842.02 1.263.026.397.005.794.006 1.19.005h3.057l1.529-.012c.409-.007.817-.018 1.226-.035.437-.02.874-.034 1.309-.089a6.16 6.16 0 001.274-.29c1.12-.399 1.92-1.14 2.386-2.236.296-.696.403-1.431.446-2.178.02-.356.035-.712.046-1.068a76.756 76.756 0 00.03-2.493v-1.409c.002-.94.004-1.879-.01-2.819-.003-.25-.004-.5-.011-.751-.01-.362-.025-.725-.04-1.088-.016-.46-.05-.919-.128-1.374a4.93 4.93 0 00-.457-1.437 3.89 3.89 0 00-2.06-1.884c-.676-.275-1.385-.384-2.107-.424-.491-.028-.983-.044-1.474-.06a44.01 44.01 0 00-1.09-.016c-.626-.003-1.253-.003-1.88-.001zm-1.4 3.668c3.31.058 6.076 2.777 6.048 6.222a6.165 6.165 0 01-6.23 6.106C8.56 18.133 5.83 15.374 5.839 12c-.014-3.398 2.785-6.226 6.279-6.165zm-.04 2.168C9.816 7.963 7.994 9.803 8.007 12c-.01 2.179 1.764 3.978 3.96 3.996a4 4 0 004.03-3.958 4.004 4.004 0 00-3.918-4.034zm6.311-3.852a1.434 1.434 0 011.459 1.399 1.44 1.44 0 01-1.441 1.488 1.44 1.44 0 01-1.444-1.41 1.434 1.434 0 011.426-1.477z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Instagram </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/AstronomyMag"> <svg width="21" height="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20.333.295a8.3 8.3 0 01-2.606.98A4.123 4.123 0 0014.732 0c-2.265 0-4.103 1.809-4.103 4.039 0 .317.037.625.107.92A11.704 11.704 0 012.277.739a3.974 3.974 0 00-.554 2.032c0 1.4.723 2.637 1.825 3.36a4.156 4.156 0 01-1.859-.504v.052c0 1.956 1.415 3.589 3.292 3.96a4.159 4.159 0 01-1.855.068 4.102 4.102 0 003.833 2.806 8.315 8.315 0 01-5.095 1.728c-.33 0-.658-.02-.979-.056A11.752 11.752 0 007.175 16c7.55 0 11.674-6.154 11.674-11.493 0-.174-.003-.35-.01-.522a8.28 8.28 0 002.046-2.09 8.28 8.28 0 01-2.356.635A4.068 4.068 0 0020.333.295" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Twitter </span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="menu-footer-navigation-container"><ul id="menu-footer-navigation" class="inline-list"><li id="menu-item-122377" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-122377"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/about-us/">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-125576" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-125576"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/contact/">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-125574" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-125574"><a href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ASY_NEW_GLOBE&pk=ACF46A1">Subscribe</a></li> <li id="menu-item-125575" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-125575"><a href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ASY_custserv">Customer Service</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47836" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47836"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/advertise-with-us/">Advertising</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47837" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47837"><a href="https://firecrown.com/terms-of-use/">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47838" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47838"><a href="https://firecrown.com/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subfooter"> <div class="default-max-width"> <div class="subfooter-inner"> <p class="copyright-info"> @ 2024 Firecrown Media. All Rights Reserved. </p> <div class="publisher-info"> <a href="https://firecrown.com/"> More Sites from Firecrown Media </a> <img src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/01/cropped-Logo-white@2x.png" alt="Publisher logo"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="scroll-to-top js-scroll-top-button" href="#page"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Scroll to</span> <span>Top</span> </a> <div class="kserv-login-modal js-kserv-login-modal"> <div class="kserv-login-modal__overlay js-kserv-login-modal-close"></div> <div class="kserv-login-modal__modal"> <button type="button" class="kserv-login-modal__close js-kserv-login-modal-close js-kserv-login-modal-close-button" aria-label="Close login modal"> <svg class="opened" width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="48" height="48" fill="white" fill-opacity="0.01"/><path d="M8 8L40 40" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M8 40L40 8" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> </button> <h3 class="kserv-login-modal__heading"> Login </h3> <div class="kserv-login-modal__new-user"> New User? <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/register/">Create an Account</a> </div> <p>Why Sign In? Subscribers can access their digital magazine issues, and registered users can participate in our Community forums and galleries. </p> <form action="" method="POST" id="login-form" name="login-form" class="kserv-login-modal__form"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="email">Email</label> <div id="email-error" class="form-error" style="display:none;">Email is required</div> <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" name="email" placeholder=""> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="pass">Password</label> <div id="pass-error" class="form-error" style="display:none;">Password is required</div> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="pass" name="pass" placeholder=""> </div> <div id="login-response" class="form-error"></div> <button type="button" class="kserv-login-modal__submit button button-primary js-kserv-login-button" id="login-button" name="login-button" aria-label="Sign in"> Sign in </button> </form> <div class="kserv-login-modal__links"> <div class="kserv-login-modal__forgot"> <a href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/kalmbach_ForgotPass" target="_blank">Forgot your password?</a> </div> <div class="kserv-login-modal__account"> <a href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/ASY_custserv" target="_blank">Manage My Account</a> </div> <div class="kserv-login-modal__contact"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/contact/">Contact</a> </div> <div class="kserv-login-modal__support"> <a href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/ASY_custserv" target="_blank">Customer Support</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer><!-- #colophon --> </div><!-- #page --> <script> (function() { var d = document, h = d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0], s = d.createElement('script'), sc = 'https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://' : 'http://'; s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; s.src = sc + 's.dpmsrv.com/dpm_1784f0e37c1fdd6200c1e8b28e8caae5402e74e0.min.js'; h.appendChild(s); })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var relevanssi_rt_regex = /(&|\?)_(rt|rt_nonce)=(\w+)/g var newUrl = window.location.search.replace(relevanssi_rt_regex, '') history.replaceState(null, null, window.location.pathname + newUrl + window.location.hash) </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gravity_forms_theme_reset-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/gravity-forms-theme-reset.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gravity_forms_theme_foundation-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/gravity-forms-theme-foundation.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gravity_forms_theme_framework-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/gravity-forms-theme-framework.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gravity_forms_orbital_theme-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/gravity-forms-orbital-theme.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_basic-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/basic.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme_components-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme-components.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme_ie11-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme-ie11.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css'> .wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-11.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-11 > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width:800px;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-11.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-11 > .alignwide{max-width:800px;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-11.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-11 .alignfull{max-width:none;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2{justify-content:center;} </style> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/astronomy-core/dist/lib/js/glide.min.js?ver=1.0.0" id="glide-js-js"></script> <script id="kalmbach_kserv_scripts-js-extra"> var kserv_endpoint = {"base_url":"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/wp"}; </script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/kalmbach-kserv/dist/scripts.js?ver=1.0.3" id="kalmbach_kserv_scripts-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/astronomy/dist/frontend.js?ver=1.0.4" id="astronomy-scripts-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/seedlet/assets/js/primary-navigation.js?ver=1.0.0" id="seedlet-primary-navigation-script-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill-inert.min.js?ver=3.1.2" id="wp-polyfill-inert-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/regenerator-runtime.min.js?ver=0.14.0" id="regenerator-runtime-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js?ver=f77871ff7694fffea381" id="wp-dom-ready-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/dist/a11y.min.js?ver=d90eebea464f6c09bfd5" id="wp-a11y-js"></script> <script defer='defer' src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/js/jquery.json.min.js?ver=2.7.6" id="gform_json-js"></script> <script id="gform_gravityforms-js-extra"> var gform_i18n = {"datepicker":{"days":{"monday":"Mo","tuesday":"Tu","wednesday":"We","thursday":"Th","friday":"Fr","saturday":"Sa","sunday":"Su"},"months":{"january":"January","february":"February","march":"March","april":"April","may":"May","june":"June","july":"July","august":"August","september":"September","october":"October","november":"November","december":"December"},"firstDay":1,"iconText":"Select date"}}; var gf_legacy_multi = []; var gform_gravityforms = {"strings":{"invalid_file_extension":"This type of file is not allowed. Must be one of the following:","delete_file":"Delete this file","in_progress":"in progress","file_exceeds_limit":"File exceeds size limit","illegal_extension":"This type of file is not allowed.","max_reached":"Maximum number of files reached","unknown_error":"There was a problem while saving the file on the server","currently_uploading":"Please wait for the uploading to complete","cancel":"Cancel","cancel_upload":"Cancel this upload","cancelled":"Cancelled"},"vars":{"images_url":"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/app\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images"}}; var gf_global = {"gf_currency_config":{"name":"U.S. Dollar","symbol_left":"$","symbol_right":"","symbol_padding":"","thousand_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","decimals":2,"code":"USD"},"base_url":"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/app\/plugins\/gravityforms","number_formats":[],"spinnerUrl":"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/app\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg","version_hash":"624b9dc735def13734f5c8001276ee6d","strings":{"newRowAdded":"New row added.","rowRemoved":"Row removed","formSaved":"The form has been saved. The content contains the link to return and complete the form."}}; </script> <script defer='defer' src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/js/gravityforms.min.js?ver=2.7.6" id="gform_gravityforms-js"></script> <script defer='defer' src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/utils.min.js?ver=3f33f1b56bb5e5da665be32ebbe89543" id="gform_gravityforms_utils-js"></script> <script defer='defer' src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/vendor-theme.min.js?ver=1a5749916bf8ca4822137a83fec75744" id="gform_gravityforms_theme_vendors-js"></script> <script id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js-extra"> var gform_theme_config = {"common":{"form":{"honeypot":{"version_hash":"624b9dc735def13734f5c8001276ee6d"}}},"hmr_dev":"","public_path":"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/app\/plugins\/gravityforms\/assets\/js\/dist\/"}; </script> <script defer='defer' src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/scripts-theme.min.js?ver=c0c5d795571af887e62fb8d599d4d553" id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js"></script> <script> /(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1); </script> <script> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() { jQuery(document).on('gform_post_render', function(event, formId, currentPage){if(formId == 1) {} } );jQuery(document).bind('gform_post_conditional_logic', function(event, formId, fields, isInit){} ) } ); </script> <script> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [1, 1]);gform.utils.trigger({ event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 1, currentPage: 1 } });} ); </script> </body> </html> <!-- Performance optimized by Redis Object Cache. Learn more: https://wprediscache.com -->