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Politique d’immigration au Canada | l'Encyclopédie Canadienne
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Dirks","revisor":"Richard Foot; Clayton Ma","major_update":null,"trigger_warning":0,"views":0,"shares":0,"type":"article","itunes_songs":"","indigo":"","itunes_title_en":"","itunes_title_fr":"","indigo_title_en":"","indigo_title_fr":"","status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2020-10-23T16:26:43.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"Politique d\u2019immigration au Canada","slug":"politique-dimmigration-1","alt_slug":"","summary":"<p>La politique d\u2019immigration est la fa\u00e7on dont le gouvernement contr\u00f4le, par des lois et des r\u00e8glements, qui peut venir s\u2019installer au Canada. Depuis la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration, la politique d\u2019immigration a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour accro\u00eetre la population, coloniser le pays\r\n\tet fournir de la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre et du capital financier \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie. La politique d\u2019immigration a \u00e9galement tendance \u00e0 refl\u00e9ter les attitudes raciales ou les pr\u00e9occupations de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale de l\u2019\u00e9poque, ce qui a \u00e9galement conduit \u00e0 des restrictions\r\n\tdiscriminatoires \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de certains groupes de migrants. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies\">Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(Ceci est l'article int\u00e9gral sur la politique d'immigration au Canada. Si vous souhaitez lire un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple, veuillez consulter <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-d-immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">Politique d'immigration au Canada (r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple)<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"Des immigrants hollandais arrivent \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Des immigrants hollandais arrivent \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Les facteurs qui sous-tendent la politique d\u2019immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Historiquement, la politique d\u2019immigration au Canada est principalement motiv\u00e9e par un d\u00e9sir de croissance d\u00e9mographique et de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique. Toutefois, le Canada admet \u00e9galement de nombreux <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>\tpour des raisons humanitaires.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1870, juste apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/confederation\/\">Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/a>, la population totale du Canada est de 3,6 millions d\u2019habitants. Outre les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">peuples autochtones<\/a>\t(environ 102 000 en 1870), les deux plus grands groupes de colons blancs sont les Canadiens fran\u00e7ais (1 million) et les Britanniques (2,1 millions). Avec une population aussi peu nombreuse et de vastes \u00e9tendues de territoire non colonis\u00e9, l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\/\">immigration<\/a>\test consid\u00e9r\u00e9e, dans les d\u00e9cennies qui suivent la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration, comme un moyen essentiel de d\u00e9velopper le pays et son \u00e9conomie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours du si\u00e8cle et demi suivant, la population du Canada se multiplie, pour atteindre plus de 35 millions d\u2019habitants en 2016, en grande partie gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019immigration. Au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, alors que le taux de natalit\u00e9 du Canada a diminu\u00e9,\r\n\tl\u2019immigration repr\u00e9sente la majeure partie de la croissance d\u00e9mographique. Sur les 6 millions d\u2019habitants qui s\u2019ajoutent \u00e0 la population du Canada entre 1996 et 2016, les deux tiers (4 millions de personnes) \u2013 sont des immigrants. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">Immigration au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Qui est responsable de l\u2019immigration?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Plusieurs minist\u00e8res ou agences du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/federal-government\/\">gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/a> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 responsables de la politique d\u2019immigration depuis la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>\u00a0:\r\n\tle minist\u00e8re des Mines et des Ressources (1936-1949), le minist\u00e8re de la Citoyennet\u00e9 et de l\u2019Immigration (1950-1966, 1992-2016), le minist\u00e8re de la Main-d\u2019\u0153uvre et de l\u2019Immigration (1966-1977) et la Commission de l\u2019emploi et de l\u2019immigration du Canada\r\n\t(1977-1992). Depuis 2016, l\u2019immigration est principalement sous la responsabilit\u00e9 du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Immigration, des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de la Citoyennet\u00e9 (IRCC).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En vertu de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/constitution-act-1867\/\"><em>Acte de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord britannique<\/em><\/a>, la responsabilit\u00e9 constitutionnelle de l\u2019immigration est r\u00e9partie entre les gouvernements <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/provincial-government\/\">provinciaux<\/a>\tet f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Cependant, pendant la plus grande partie de l\u2019histoire du Canada, Ottawa domine ce domaine politique, bien que l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ontario\/\">Ontario<\/a> depuis la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale, le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\/\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>\tdepuis le milieu des ann\u00e9es 1960 et la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/british-columbia\/\">Colombie-Britannique<\/a> depuis 2010, se pr\u00e9occupent particuli\u00e8rement de l\u2019immigration. Depuis 2017, toutes les provinces et certains\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/territorial-government\/\">territoires<\/a> ont conclu des accords avec Ottawa leur permettant de s\u00e9lectionner et de recruter des immigrants en fonction de leurs besoins sociaux et \u00e9conomiques.\r\n\tLe Qu\u00e9bec est cependant de loin la province qui exerce le plus d\u2019autonomie en mati\u00e8re de politique d\u2019immigration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/b378b182-e598-4c18-9c63-64a15a547a30.jpg\" title=\"Personnel d'immigration, Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Personnel d'immigration, Qu\u00e9bec\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Qu\u00e9bec cr\u00e9e son propre minist\u00e8re de l\u2019immigration en 1968. Ses principales pr\u00e9occupations sont de recruter le plus grand nombre possible d\u2019immigrants francophones dans la province, et de s\u2019assurer que les immigrants qui s\u2019installent au Qu\u00e9bec font\r\n\tpartie de la communaut\u00e9 francophone. Le Qu\u00e9bec est la premi\u00e8re province \u00e0 conclure un accord sp\u00e9cial en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration avec le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral est \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9 dans la t\u00e2che d\u2019augmenter le nombre d\u2019immigrants\r\n\tfrancophones au Canada. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">Politique d\u2019immigration du Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, chaque province (\u00e0 l\u2019exception du Qu\u00e9bec, qui a son propre programme similaire) a mis en place un programme de d\u00e9signation des candidats des provinces, permettant aux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/provincial-government\/\">gouvernements provinciaux<\/a>\tde d\u00e9signer des candidats immigrants sp\u00e9cifiques, avec l\u2019exigence qu\u2019ils r\u00e9sident pendant un certain temps dans cette province. Bien que les programmes varient d\u2019une province \u00e0 l\u2019autre, ils ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement deux objectifs\u00a0: stimuler la croissance\r\n\td\u00e9mographique et recruter des immigrants ayant des comp\u00e9tences professionnelles ou linguistiques souhaitables au sein de la population active d\u2019une province. Certains programmes permettent aux immigrants d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le traitement de leur demande d\u2019entr\u00e9e\r\n\tau Canada. Environ 51 000 immigrants (sur un total d\u2019environ 300 000) sont devenus r\u00e9sidents permanents au Canada en 2017 gr\u00e2ce aux programmes de d\u00e9signation des candidats des provinces.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>L\u2019immigration au Canada au 19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Au 19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, le mouvement des individus et des groupes vers le Canada est largement libre. Cette politique de \u00ab\u00a0portes ouvertes\u00a0\u00bb encourage surtout l\u2019immigration blanche au Canada et notamment la colonisation de l\u2019Ouest canadien.\r\n\t(<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">Immigration au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada n\u2019est cependant pas ouvert \u00e0 tous. La premi\u00e8re <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em>, adopt\u00e9e en 1869, \u00e9tablit une discrimination sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des personnes en raison de leur classe sociale et de leur handicap. L\u2019immigration est \u00e9galement discriminatoire\r\n\tsur la base de la race. En 1885, sous la pression de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/british-columbia\/\">Colombie-Britannique<\/a>, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral impose des politiques visant \u00e0 restreindre l\u2019immigration <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">chinoise<\/a>,\r\n\tcomme une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">taxe d\u2019entr\u00e9e<\/a> et, plus tard, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\"><em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration chinoise<\/em> de 1923<\/a>.\r\n\tCes mesures explicitement racistes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des Chinois se poursuivent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es1940.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>M\u00eame les migrants blancs sont discrimin\u00e9s sur la base de leur origine ethnique\u00a0: les colons anglo-saxons de Grande-Bretagne et des \u00c9tats-Unis sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme les mieux adapt\u00e9s, tandis que les Italiens et les Grecs sont vus comme plus difficiles\r\n\t\u00e0 assimiler et donc moins d\u00e9sirables.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/391e5809-9f40-4c80-b58a-37d72f8c1b72.jpg\" title=\"Immigration irlandaise\" alt=\"Immigration irlandaise\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>D\u00e9but du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle\u00a0: restrictions raciales et nationales<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Entre 1903 et 1913, apr\u00e8s l\u2019arriv\u00e9e au Canada d\u2019importantes cohortes d\u2019immigrants principalement europ\u00e9ens et une s\u00e9rie de bouleversements politiques et de probl\u00e8mes \u00e9conomiques suivant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale<\/a>\t(<em>voir <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/greve-generale-de-winnipeg\">Gr\u00e8ve g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Winnipeg<\/a>), une politique d\u2019immigration beaucoup plus restrictive est mise en place.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En vertu d\u2019une <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> r\u00e9vis\u00e9e en 1919, le gouvernement exclut l\u2019entr\u00e9e au pays \u00e0 certains groupes, notamment les communistes, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/mennonites\/\">mennonites<\/a>, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/doukhobors\/\">doukhobors<\/a>\tet d\u2019autres groupes ayant des pratiques religieuses particuli\u00e8res, ainsi que les gens originaires de pays ayant combattu le Canada pendant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, comme les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/austrians\/\">Autrichiens<\/a>,\r\n\tles <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/hungarians\/\">Hongrois<\/a> et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/turks\/\">Turcs<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral applique \u00e9galement des restrictions fond\u00e9es sur la race et la religion. En 1911, le gouvernement envisage d\u2019interdire les immigrants noirs, mais ne donne finalement pas suite \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e. Les restrictions \u00e0 l\u2019immigration sud-asiatique\r\n\tau Canada au d\u00e9but du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle atteignent leur paroxysme lors des \u00e9v\u00e9nements entourant les passagers du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/komagata-maru\">SS <em>Komagata Maru<\/em><\/a> qui contestent ces politiques\r\n\tdiscriminatoires et exclusives. En 1939, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s juifs fuyant l\u2019Allemagne nazie \u00e0 bord du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ms-st-louis\">MS <em>Saint Louis<\/em><\/a> se voient refuser l\u2019entr\u00e9e au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nombre de ces politiques et pratiques discriminatoires se poursuivent jusqu\u2019au milieu du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CWJAqxJWY1A\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><\/iframe>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<h3>L\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre\u00a0: vers un syst\u00e8me de points<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Les politiques d\u2019immigration restrictives du Canada commencent \u00e0 s\u2019assouplir lentement et progressivement apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>, en partie gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une croissance\r\n\t\u00e9conomique (et une demande de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre) en plein essor et en partie en raison de l\u2019\u00e9volution des m\u0153urs sociales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/fd704360-23a5-4333-9dc4-fed52fcc81b8.jpg\" title=\"Quai 21\" alt=\"Quai 21\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1947, l\u2019interdiction formelle de l\u2019immigration chinoise est lev\u00e9e. Toutefois, en 1952, une nouvelle <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> maintient les politiques discriminatoires du Canada \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des immigrants non europ\u00e9ens et non am\u00e9ricains. Ce n\u2019est\r\n\tqu\u2019en 1962 que le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ottawa-ont\/\">gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/a> met fin \u00e0 la discrimination raciale dans le syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration. En 1967, un syst\u00e8me de points est mis en place pour classer les immigrants\r\n\tpotentiels en fonction de leur admissibilit\u00e9. La race, la couleur ou la nationalit\u00e9 ne sont pas des facteurs dans le nouveau syst\u00e8me; au contraire, les comp\u00e9tences professionnelles, les niveaux d\u2019\u00e9ducation, les comp\u00e9tences linguistiques (soit le fait\r\n\tde parler le fran\u00e7ais ou l\u2019anglais) et les liens familiaux deviennent les principales consid\u00e9rations pour d\u00e9cider qui peut immigrer.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1969, le Canada signe la Convention des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/united-nations\/\">Nations Unies<\/a> de 1951 relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et son protocole de 1967. Bien qu\u2019il reconnaisse les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\/\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>\tcomme une cat\u00e9gorie sp\u00e9ciale de migrants pour des raisons humanitaires, le Canada ne cr\u00e9e aucune mesure officielle pour l\u2019examen des demandes de statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9; il continue comme par le pass\u00e9 \u00e0 n\u2019admettre les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qu\u2019au cas par cas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Loi sur l\u2019immigration, 1976<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Les politiques d\u2019immigration et de population sont profond\u00e9ment remani\u00e9es en 1975. Apr\u00e8s une consultation approfondie, le gouvernement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/liberal-party\/\">lib\u00e9ral<\/a> du premier ministre <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/pierre-elliott-trudeau\/\">Pierre Trudeau<\/a>\tadopte une nouvelle <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> en 1976.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cette Loi, entr\u00e9e en vigueur en 1978, constitue une rupture radicale avec le pass\u00e9. Elle \u00e9tablit pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans la loi les principaux objectifs de la politique d\u2019immigration du Canada. Ceux-ci comprennent la promotion des objectifs d\u00e9mographiques,\r\n\t\u00e9conomiques, sociaux et culturels du Canada, ainsi que les priorit\u00e9s que sont le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/regroupement-familial-au-canada\">regroupement familial<\/a>, la diversit\u00e9 et la non-discrimination. La Loi permet\r\n\t\u00e9galement la coop\u00e9ration entre les diff\u00e9rents niveaux de gouvernement et le secteur b\u00e9n\u00e9vole pour aider les nouveaux arrivants \u00e0 s\u2019adapter \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne. Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, la Loi d\u00e9finit \u00e9galement les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\/\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>\tcomme un groupe distinct d\u2019immigrants dans le droit canadien, obligeant le gouvernement \u00e0 respecter ses obligations envers les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en vertu des accords internationaux.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef.jpg\" title=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\" alt=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1979, le Canada se lance dans un programme unique permettant \u00e0 des groupes priv\u00e9s (le plus souvent des \u00e9glises et des organisations communautaires ethniques) de parrainer des personnes ou des familles de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, de les faire venir au Canada en tant\r\n\tque r\u00e9sidents permanents et de les aider \u00e0 s\u2019installer ici. En 2017, le programme de parrainage priv\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s permet d\u2019installer plus de 275 000 personnes au Canada, en plus des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pris en charge par le gouvernement. Malgr\u00e9 son succ\u00e8s, le programme\r\n\test critiqu\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour sa lourdeur administrative et ses retards, ainsi que pour les restrictions croissantes concernant les pays d\u2019o\u00f9 les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuvent \u00eatre parrain\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La Loi \u00e9largit le nombre de personnes ayant un r\u00f4le \u00e0 jouer dans l\u2019\u00e9laboration des politiques et l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des niveaux d\u2019immigration annuels. Elle donne aux gouvernements provinciaux, aux groupes ethniques et aux organisations humanitaires la possibilit\u00e9,\r\n\tpar le biais de consultations avec le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, de faire entendre leur point de vue aux responsables f\u00e9d\u00e9raux de l\u2019immigration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La Loi modernise \u00e9galement la fa\u00e7on dont le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 est d\u00e9termin\u00e9 en fonction de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et de l\u2019application de la loi. Elle \u00e9tablit \u00e9galement que la Commission d\u2019immigration quasi judiciaire (cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1967) doit \u00eatre un organe\r\n\ttotalement ind\u00e9pendant dont les d\u00e9cisions relatives aux demandes d\u2019immigration et aux appels ne peuvent \u00eatre annul\u00e9es par le gouvernement, sauf en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1980, cinq cat\u00e9gories d\u2019immigrants sont cr\u00e9\u00e9es pour l\u2019entr\u00e9e au Canada: ind\u00e9pendants (personnes pr\u00e9sentant leur propre demande); humanitaires (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et autres personnes pers\u00e9cut\u00e9es ou d\u00e9plac\u00e9es); familiaux (ayant de la famille imm\u00e9diate vivant d\u00e9j\u00e0\r\n\tau Canada); parents aid\u00e9s (parents \u00e9loign\u00e9s, parrain\u00e9s par un membre de la famille au Canada); et \u00e9conomiques (personnes ayant des comp\u00e9tences professionnelles tr\u00e8s recherch\u00e9es, ou celles qui sont pr\u00eates \u00e0 ouvrir une entreprise ou \u00e0 investir de mani\u00e8re\r\n\tsignificative dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie canadienne).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es 1990, apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cennies de r\u00e9formes juridiques et administratives, la composition raciale des immigrants change \u00e9galement. L\u2019Asie (en particulier la Chine, l\u2019Inde et les Philippines) a remplac\u00e9 l\u2019Europe comme principale source d\u2019immigrants\r\n\tau Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>L\u2019accent mis sur la migration \u00e9conomique<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours des ann\u00e9es 1980, les d\u00e9cideurs politiques mettent en place un programme visant \u00e0 encourager les hommes d\u2019affaires et les entrepreneurs \u00e0 immigrer au Canada, en apportant leurs comp\u00e9tences en mati\u00e8re de gestion et leur capital financier afin de\r\n\tcr\u00e9er des possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019emploi suppl\u00e9mentaires. Depuis, de nombreux immigrants apportent au Canada des capitaux et des emplois substantiels.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sans une immigration accrue, le d\u00e9clin de la f\u00e9condit\u00e9 au Canada au 21<sup>e<\/sup> poserait de d\u00e9fis sociaux importants. Avec moins de Canadiens en \u00e2ge de travailler, il serait difficile de couvrir les co\u00fbts des programmes de sant\u00e9 et des programmes sociaux\r\n\tdestin\u00e9s au nombre beaucoup plus important de citoyens \u00e2g\u00e9s. Outre la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre suppl\u00e9mentaire, l\u2019immigration r\u00e9pond \u00e9galement aux besoins d\u2019une \u00e9conomie moderne en ce qui concerne l\u2019\u00e9ducation et les comp\u00e9tences. Ainsi, le Canada continue de favoriser\r\n\tles immigrants hautement qualifi\u00e9s et instruits. En 2018, les immigrants de la cat\u00e9gorie \u00e9conomique constituent la plus grande cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019immigrants, soit 186\u2009352 des 321\u2009035 immigrants admis cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La pratique consistant \u00e0 admettre des personnes hautement qualifi\u00e9es provenant de pays moins d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s continue de susciter la controverse. Les gouvernements des pays en d\u00e9veloppement, d\u2019o\u00f9 proviennent un nombre croissant d\u2019immigrants au Canada, consid\u00e8rent\r\n\tavec appr\u00e9hension l\u2019exode de personnes qu\u2019ils ne peuvent pas se permettre de perdre. Bien que l\u2019opinion a \u00e9t\u00e9 exprim\u00e9e que le Canada ne devrait pas encourager l\u2019exode de personnes form\u00e9es provenant de r\u00e9gions \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9munies\u00a0\u00bb du monde, le Canada\r\n\td\u00e9fend le concept de libert\u00e9 de circulation pour toutes les personnes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Changements dans la politique d\u2019immigration moderne<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2001, apr\u00e8s les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canada-and-911\/\">attaques terroristes du 11 septembre<\/a> sur les \u00c9tats-Unis, le Canada remplace sa <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> de 1976 par la <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/em>.\r\n\tLa nouvelle Loi, entr\u00e9e en vigueur en 2002, conserve bon nombre des principes et des politiques de la pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, y compris les diff\u00e9rentes cat\u00e9gories d\u2019immigrants. Elle \u00e9tend \u00e9galement la cat\u00e9gorie \u00ab\u00a0famille\u00a0\u00bb pour inclure les relations homosexuelles\r\n\tet les unions de fait. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/regroupement-familial-au-canada\">Regroupement familial au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Plus important encore, la Loi de 2001 donne au gouvernement des pouvoirs plus \u00e9tendus pour d\u00e9tenir et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/deportation\/\">expulser<\/a> les immigrants soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s de constituer une menace pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9.\r\n\tEn 2004, le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis interdisent la pratique consistant \u00e0 permettre aux migrants d\u2019entrer dans un pays avec un visa de voyage et de demander le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re de l\u2019autre pays via l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Accord sur les tiers pays s\u00fbrs entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis (ETPS)<\/a>.\r\n\tCette politique est toutefois critiqu\u00e9e par de nombreux d\u00e9tracteurs qui font valoir que les \u00c9tats-Unis ne sont pas un \u00ab\u00a0pays tiers s\u00fbr\u00a0\u00bb pour les migrants en raison de leur approche plus hostile de la migration. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>.)\r\n\tCertaines <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/personnes-demandeuses-d-asile\">personnes demandeuses d'asile<\/a> contournent l'ETPS en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-irreguliere\">traversant la fronti\u00e8re de mani\u00e8re irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re<\/a>\tpour ensuite faire une demande d'asile au Canada. En 2023, l'accord est ren\u00e9goci\u00e9 pour limiter cet \u00e9chapatoire.<\/p>","twitter_summary":null,"translations":[{"id":"9def7913-0b78-4c1b-bd62-a6a09065213b","article_id":"72064","title":"Immigration Policy in Canada [\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a1\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0987\u09ae\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf]","summary":"<p>\u0987\u09ae\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2 \u09af\u09c7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0987\u09a8 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a1\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09b8\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09a8\u09ab\u09c7\u09a1\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7, \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a8 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u099c\u09a8\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf, \u099c\u09ae\u09bf \u09ac\u09b8\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09be \r\n \u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0987\u09ae\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09a4 \u09ae\u09a8\u09cb\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u09ac\u09be \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u0997\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ab\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b7\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09c7\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 (\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09be <em>\u09a1\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8 \u09b6\u09b0<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u09a3\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u0993<\/a> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c1\u09a8\u0964)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(\u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a1\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a8 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a6\u09c8\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u0964 \u0986\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u09a8 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a1\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0987\u09ae\u09bf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy-in-canada-plain-language-article\">\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c1\u09a8 (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0987\u09a8-\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099c \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u0982\u09b6)\u0964<\/a><\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"\u09a1\u09be\u099a \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09bf\u0989\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\" alt=\"\u09a1\u09be\u099a \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09bf\u0989\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\">\r\n\t<figcaption>\u099c\u09c1\u09a8 \u09e7\u09ef\u09ea\u09ed<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0987\u09ae\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7<\/a> \u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ab\u09c7\u09a1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\/\">\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b2 \u09b8\u09b0<\/a> \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a8 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0: \r\n \u0996\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6 \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0995 (1936-1949), \u09a8\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0993 \u0987\u09ae\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u0997 (1950-66, 1992-2016), \u099c\u09a8\u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u0987\u09ae\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u0997 (1966-77) \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a1\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u0993 \u0987\u09ae\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09a8 (1977-1992)\u0964 \u09e8\u09e6\u09e7\u09ec \u09b8\u09be\u09b2 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a8 \r\n \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a4 \u0987\u09ae\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8, \u09b6\u09b0\u09a3\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0 \u0993 \u09a8\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a1\u09be (\u0986\u0987\u0986\u09b0\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf) \u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/constitution-act-1867\/\"><em>\u09a4\u09b0 \u0986\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u0986\u0987\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985<\/em><\/a> \u09a7\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7, \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u0982\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982<\/a> \u09ab\u09c7\u09a1\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b2 \u09b8\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\/\">\u09af\u09be\u0987\u09b9\u09cb\u0995, \u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a1\u09be\u09b0 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc, \u0993\u099f\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u098f\u0987 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09a4 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09a7\u09bf\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0993 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0993, \u09e7\u09ef\u09ec\u09e6-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b6\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09c1\u0987\u09ac\u09c7\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09e8\u09e6\u09e7\u09e6 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0<\/a> \u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6 \u0995\u09b2<\/a><\/a> \u09e8\u09e6\u09e7\u09ed \u09b8\u09be\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4, \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0985 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/territorial-government\/\">\u099e\u09cd\u099a<\/a> \u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u099f\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u099a\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09c1\u0987\u09ac\u09c7\u0995 \u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u09af\u09be \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a8 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 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href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg-general-strike\">\u0989\u0987\u09a8\u09bf\u09aa\u09c7\u0997 \u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7<\/a> \u09b2 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u0995 <em>\u09a6\u09c7\u0996<\/em> \u09c1\u09a8), \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd<\/a> \u09a7 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a8 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/doukhobors\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/turks\/\">\u09e7\u09ef\u09e7\u09ef \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cb\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4 \u0987\u09ae\u09bf 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\u09b9\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">\u0964<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u09ab\u09c7\u09a1\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b2 \u09b8\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09c7\u09a7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09e7\u09ef\u09e7\u09e7 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\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a8 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u09e8\u09e6\u09e6\u09e7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7, \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a8 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09e7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\/\">\u09e7 \u09b8\u09c7\u09aa\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0<\/a> \u09be\u09b8\u09c0 \u09b9\u09be\u09ae\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7, \u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a1\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09e7\u09ef\u09ed\u09ec \u0987\u09ae\u09bf <em>\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u0986\u0987<\/em> \u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u0987\u09ae\u09bf <em>\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 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\u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deportation\/\">\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0<\/a> \u0986\u099f\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u09e8\u09e6\u09e6\u09ea \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09be <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">\u09a1\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a8 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a1\u09be-\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a8 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 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\u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a8 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0 \u201c\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a6 \u09a4\u09c3\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u201d \u09a8\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a8 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 (\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09be <em>\u09a1\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8 \u09b6<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u09b0\u09a3\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf<\/a> \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c1\u09a8\u0964) \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0986\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/asylum-seekers-in-canada\">\u09af\u09bc\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0<\/a> \u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a1\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09be\u09ac\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09c0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irregular-immigration\">\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09bf\u0982 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u099f\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u098f<\/a> \u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09aa\u09be\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b \r\n \u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 2023 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7, \u098f\u0987 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/p>","slug":"ovibnasbneeti","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"bn","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-10T14:15:40.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-10T14:15:40.000000Z"},{"id":"2ce45e9d-4482-46b4-8e40-ef4108160178","article_id":"72064","title":"Immigration Policy in Canada","summary":"<p>Immigration policy is the way the government controls via laws and regulations who gets to come and settle in Canada. Since Confederation, immigration policy has been tailored to grow the population, settle the land, and provide labour and financial capital\r\n\tfor the economy. Immigration policy also tends to reflect the racial attitudes or national security concerns of the time which has also led to discriminatory restrictions on certain migrant groups. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Canadian Refugee Policy<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(This is the full-length article on immigration policy in Canada. If you wish to read a plain-language summary, please see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy-in-canada-plain-language-article\">Immigration Policy in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"Dutch immigrants arrive at Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Dutch immigrants arrive at Qu\u00e9bec\">\r\n\t<figcaption>June 1947<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Who is Responsible for Immigration?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Several <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\/\">federal government<\/a> departments or agencies have been responsible for immigration policy since the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Second World War<\/a>:\r\n\tthe Ministry of Mines and Resources (1936-1949), the Department of Citizenship and Immigration (1950\u201366, 1992\u20132016), the Department of Manpower and Immigration (1966-77), and the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission (1977\u20131992). Since 2016, immigration\r\n\tis primarily the responsibility of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC).\u00ad<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/constitution-act-1867\/\"><em>British North America Act<\/em><\/a>, constitutional responsibility for immigration is divided between the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">provincial<\/a>\tand federal governments. However, for most of Canada's history, Ottawa has dominated this policy area, although <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\/\">Ontario<\/a> since the Second World War, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\/\">Quebec<\/a>\tsince the mid-1960s, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">British Columbia<\/a> since 2010, have been particularly concerned with immigration. As of 2017, all provinces and some <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/territorial-government\/\">territories<\/a>\thave agreements with Ottawa allowing them to select and recruit immigrants based on their social and economic needs. Quebec is, however, by far the province who exercises the most autonomy in the field of immigration policy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/b378b182-e598-4c18-9c63-64a15a547a30.jpg\" title=\"Immigration staff, Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Immigration staff, Qu\u00e9bec\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Quebec created its own department for immigration in 1968. Its major concerns have been to recruit as many French-speaking immigrants as possible to the province, and to ensure that immigrants who settle in Quebec form part of the francophone community.\r\n\tQuebec was the first province to have a special immigration agreement with the federal government. The federal government is also involved in the task of increasing the numbers of French-speaking immigrants to Canada. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">Quebec Immigration Policy<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In recent years every province (except Qu\u00e9bec, which has its own, similar scheme) has established a Provincial Nominee Program, allowing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">provincial governments<\/a> to nominate\r\n\tspecific immigrant applicants, with the requirement that they reside for a period of time in that province. Although the programs vary from province to province, they generally have two goals \u2013 to boost population growth, and to recruit immigrants with\r\n\tdesirable job skills, or language skills, into a province's workforce. Some programs allow immigrants to fast-track their applications for entry into Canada. About 51,000 immigrants (out of a total of approximately 300,000) were expected to become permanent\r\n\tresidents in Canada through Provincial Nominee Programs in 2017.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>19th Century Immigration to Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>In the 19th century, the movement of individuals and groups to Canada was largely unrestricted. This mostly \u201copen door\u201d policy encouraged white immigration to Canada and notably the settlement of Western Canada. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">Immigration in Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada was, however, not open to all. The first <em>Immigration Act<\/em> passed in 1869 and specifically discriminated against people on the grounds of class and disability. Immigration was also discriminatory on the basis of race. In 1885, under pressure\r\n\tfrom <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">British Columbia<\/a>, the federal government imposed policies to restrict <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Chinese <\/a>immigration\r\n\tlike a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">head tax<\/a> and, later on, the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">Chinese Immigration Act, 1923<\/a><\/em>.\r\n\tThese explicitly racist measures directed at the Chinese continued until the late 1940s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Even white migrants were discriminated on the basis of their ethnic backgrounds: Anglo-Saxon settlers from Britain and the US were seen as the best fit whereas Italians and Greeks were viewed as harder to assimilate and therefore less desirable.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/391e5809-9f40-4c80-b58a-37d72f8c1b72.jpg\" title=\"Irish Immigration\" alt=\"Irish Immigration\">\r\n\t<figcaption>An advertisement from 1923 for the \"Pittsburgh\" that traveled between Belfast Northern Ireland and Canada.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Early 20th Century: Racial and National Restrictions<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>After large cohorts of mostly European immigration came to Canada between 1903 and 1913, and a series of political upheavals and economic problems that followed the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">First World War<\/a>\t(<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg-general-strike\">Winnipeg General Strike<\/a>), a much more restrictive immigration policy was implemented.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Under a revised <em>Immigration Act<\/em> in 1919, the government excluded certain groups from entering the country, including Communists, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\">Mennonites<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/doukhobors\/\">Doukhobors<\/a>\tand other groups with particular religious practices, and also nationalities whose countries had fought against Canada during the First World War, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">Austrians<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\">Hungarians<\/a>\tand <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/turks\/\">Turks<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The federal government also applied increasingly arbitrary restrictions on the basis of race and religion. In 1911 the government considered banning Black immigrants, but ultimately did not follow through with the idea. Arbitrary restrictions on South\r\n\tAsian migration to Canada in the early 20th century culminated in the events surrounding the passengers of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\">SS Komagata Maru<\/a> who challenged these discriminatory and\r\n\texclusive policies. In 1939, Jewish <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">refugees<\/a> fleeing from Nazi Germany aboard the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">MS St. Louis<\/a><\/em>\twere denied entry into Canada on arbitrary grounds related to their Jewish backgrounds.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Many of these discriminatory policies and practices continued until the middle of the 20th century.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eZyvg_87e6o\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><\/iframe>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<h3>Post-War Period: Towards a Points System<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada's restrictive immigration policies began to slowly and gradually ease after the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Second World War<\/a>, partly thanks to booming economic growth (and demand for labour)\r\n\tand partly due to changing social attitudes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/fd704360-23a5-4333-9dc4-fed52fcc81b8.jpg\" title=\"Pier 21\" alt=\"Pier 21\">\r\n\t<figcaption>Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Photo taken on: October 11th, 2013<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1947 the formal ban on Chinese immigration was ended. However, in 1952, a new <em>Immigration Act<\/em> maintained Canada's discriminatory policies against non-European and non-American immigrants. It was not until in 1962 that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ottawa-ont\/\">the<\/a>\tfederal government ended racial discrimination as a feature of the immigration system. In 1967, a points system was introduced to rank potential immigrants for eligibility. Race, colour, or nationality were not factors in the new system; rather, work\r\n\tskills, education levels, language ability (in speaking French or English), and family connections became the main considerations in deciding who could immigrate.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1969, Canada signed the 1951 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/united-nations\/\">United Nations<\/a> Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. Despite recognizing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">refugees<\/a>\tas a special humanitarian class of migrants, Canada created no formal measures for examining refugee claims \u2013 continuing as in the past only to admit refugees on a case-by-case basis. (<em>See<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Canadian Refugee Policy<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3><em>Immigration Act, 1976<\/em><\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Immigration and population policies were overhauled substantially in 1975. After substantial consultation, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/liberal-party\/\">Liberal<\/a> government of Prime Minister <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/pierre-elliott-trudeau\/\">Pierre Trudeau<\/a>\tpassed a new <em>Immigration Act, 1976<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Act, which took effect in 1978, was a radical break from the past. It established for the first time in law the main objectives of Canada's immigration policy. These included the promotion of Canada's demographic, economic, social, and cultural goals,\r\n\tas well as the priorities of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">family reunion<\/a>, diversity, and non-discrimination. The Act also enabled co-operation among levels of government and the volunteer\r\n\tsector in helping newcomers adapt to Canadian society. For the first time, the Act also defined\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">refugees<\/a> as a distinct group of immigrants in Canadian law, requiring the government to meet its obligations to refugees under international agreements.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef.jpg\" title=\"Reception of Southeast Asian refugees at CFB Griesbach, August 1979\" alt=\"Reception of Southeast Asian refugees at CFB Griesbach, August 1979\">\r\n\t<figcaption>Griesbach Military Base in Edmonton, one of the arrival points for Southeast Asian refugees.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1979, Canada embarked on a unique program allowing private groups (most often churches and ethnic community organizations) to sponsor refugee individuals or families, bring them to Canada as permanent residents, and assist them in settling here. As\r\n\tof 2017, the Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program has settled more than 275,000 people in Canada \u2013 over and above government-assisted refugees. Despite the program's success, it has been criticized in recent years for cumbersome paperwork and delays,\r\n\tand for growing restrictions on where refugees can be sponsored from. (<em>See<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Canadian Refugee Policy<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Act broadened who has a role in shaping policy and establishing annual immigration levels. It gave provincial governments, ethnic groups, and humanitarian organizations the opportunity, through consultations with the federal government, to have their\r\n\tviews heard by federal immigration officials.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Act also modernized how refugee status is determined in relation to national security and enforcement. And it set out that the quasi-judicial Immigration Board (originally created in 1967) should be a fully independent body whose decisions on immigration\r\n\tclaims and appeals cannot be overruled by government, except in relation to security matters.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>By 1980, five classes of immigrants had been established for entry to Canada: Independent (people applying on their own); Humanitarian (refugees and other persecuted or displaced people); Family (having immediate family already living in Canada); Assisted\r\n\tRelatives (distant relatives, sponsored by a family member in Canada); and Economic (people with highly desirable employment skills, or those willing to open a business or invest significantly in the Canadian economy).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>By the 1990s, after decades of legal and administrative reform, the racial make-up of immigrants was also changing. Asia (particularly China, India and Philippines) had replaced Europe as the largest source of immigrants to Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Emphasis on Economic Migration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>During the 1980s, policy makers instituted a program to encourage business people and entrepreneurs to immigrate to Canada, bringing their managerial skills and financial capital in order to create additional employment opportunities. Many immigrants\r\n\thave since brought substantial capital and jobs to Canada. Without more immigration, the decline in fertility in Canada in the 21st century would create important social challenges. With fewer working-age Canadians, it would be difficult to shoulder\r\n\tthe cost of health and social programs for the increased number of elderly citizens. In addition to increasing the workforce, immigration also supplements the needs of a modern economy for education and skills. As such, Canada continues to favour highly\r\n\tskilled and educated immigrants. In 2018, economic class entrants were the single largest category of immigrants, making up 186,352 of the 321,035 total immigrants admitted that year. The practice of admitting highly skilled people from less-developed\r\n\tcountries continues to provoke some controversy. The governments of the developing countries, from which a growing number of immigrants to Canada originate, regard with apprehension the exodus of people they can ill afford to lose. While the view has\r\n\tbeen expressed that Canada should not encourage the outflow of trained individuals from \"have-not\" regions of the world, Canada stoutly defends the concept of freedom of movement for all persons.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Changes in Modern Immigration Policy<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>In 2001, after the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\/\">September 11 terrorist attacks<\/a> on the United States, Canada replaced its 1976 <em>Immigration Act<\/em> with the <em>Immigration and Refugee Protection Act<\/em>.\r\n\tThe new Act, which came into force in 2002, maintained many of the principles and policies of the previous one, including the various classes of immigrants. It also extended the family class to include same-sex and common-law relationships. (<em>See<\/em> \r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">Family Reunification in Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Most importantly, the 2001 Act gave the government wider powers to detain and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deportation\/\">deport<\/a> landed immigrants suspected of being a security threat. In 2004, Canada and the US banned\r\n\tthe practice of allowing migrants to enter one country on a travel visa and claim <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">refugee<\/a> status at the border of the other via the <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Canada-United States Safe Third Country Agreement (STCA)<\/a>.\r\n\tHowever, this policy has been criticized with many critics arguing that the US is not a \u201csafe third country\u201d for migrants because of the US\u2019 more hostile approach with migration. (<em>See<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Canadian Refugee Policy<\/a>.) Some\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/asylum-seekers-in-canada\">asylum seekers<\/a> bypassed the STCA by doing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irregular-immigration\">irregular border crossings<\/a> to claim\r\n\tasylum in Canada. In 2023, the agreement was renegotiated to limit this loophole.<\/p>","slug":"immigration-policy","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"en","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-05T21:52:18.000000Z"},{"id":"220edded-a331-46d3-80a2-b819064f8b8b","article_id":"72064","title":"Politique d\u2019immigration au Canada","summary":"<p>La politique d\u2019immigration est la fa\u00e7on dont le gouvernement contr\u00f4le, par des lois et des r\u00e8glements, qui peut venir s\u2019installer au Canada. Depuis la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration, la politique d\u2019immigration a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour accro\u00eetre la population, coloniser le pays\r\n\tet fournir de la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre et du capital financier \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie. La politique d\u2019immigration a \u00e9galement tendance \u00e0 refl\u00e9ter les attitudes raciales ou les pr\u00e9occupations de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale de l\u2019\u00e9poque, ce qui a \u00e9galement conduit \u00e0 des restrictions\r\n\tdiscriminatoires \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de certains groupes de migrants. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies\">Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(Ceci est l'article int\u00e9gral sur la politique d'immigration au Canada. Si vous souhaitez lire un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple, veuillez consulter <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-d-immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">Politique d'immigration au Canada (r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple)<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"Des immigrants hollandais arrivent \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Des immigrants hollandais arrivent \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Les facteurs qui sous-tendent la politique d\u2019immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Historiquement, la politique d\u2019immigration au Canada est principalement motiv\u00e9e par un d\u00e9sir de croissance d\u00e9mographique et de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique. Toutefois, le Canada admet \u00e9galement de nombreux <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>\tpour des raisons humanitaires.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1870, juste apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/confederation\/\">Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/a>, la population totale du Canada est de 3,6 millions d\u2019habitants. Outre les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">peuples autochtones<\/a>\t(environ 102 000 en 1870), les deux plus grands groupes de colons blancs sont les Canadiens fran\u00e7ais (1 million) et les Britanniques (2,1 millions). Avec une population aussi peu nombreuse et de vastes \u00e9tendues de territoire non colonis\u00e9, l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\/\">immigration<\/a>\test consid\u00e9r\u00e9e, dans les d\u00e9cennies qui suivent la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration, comme un moyen essentiel de d\u00e9velopper le pays et son \u00e9conomie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours du si\u00e8cle et demi suivant, la population du Canada se multiplie, pour atteindre plus de 35 millions d\u2019habitants en 2016, en grande partie gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019immigration. Au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, alors que le taux de natalit\u00e9 du Canada a diminu\u00e9,\r\n\tl\u2019immigration repr\u00e9sente la majeure partie de la croissance d\u00e9mographique. Sur les 6 millions d\u2019habitants qui s\u2019ajoutent \u00e0 la population du Canada entre 1996 et 2016, les deux tiers (4 millions de personnes) \u2013 sont des immigrants. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">Immigration au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Qui est responsable de l\u2019immigration?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Plusieurs minist\u00e8res ou agences du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/federal-government\/\">gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/a> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 responsables de la politique d\u2019immigration depuis la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>\u00a0:\r\n\tle minist\u00e8re des Mines et des Ressources (1936-1949), le minist\u00e8re de la Citoyennet\u00e9 et de l\u2019Immigration (1950-1966, 1992-2016), le minist\u00e8re de la Main-d\u2019\u0153uvre et de l\u2019Immigration (1966-1977) et la Commission de l\u2019emploi et de l\u2019immigration du Canada\r\n\t(1977-1992). Depuis 2016, l\u2019immigration est principalement sous la responsabilit\u00e9 du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Immigration, des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de la Citoyennet\u00e9 (IRCC).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En vertu de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/constitution-act-1867\/\"><em>Acte de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord britannique<\/em><\/a>, la responsabilit\u00e9 constitutionnelle de l\u2019immigration est r\u00e9partie entre les gouvernements <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/provincial-government\/\">provinciaux<\/a>\tet f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Cependant, pendant la plus grande partie de l\u2019histoire du Canada, Ottawa domine ce domaine politique, bien que l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ontario\/\">Ontario<\/a> depuis la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale, le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\/\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>\tdepuis le milieu des ann\u00e9es 1960 et la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/british-columbia\/\">Colombie-Britannique<\/a> depuis 2010, se pr\u00e9occupent particuli\u00e8rement de l\u2019immigration. Depuis 2017, toutes les provinces et certains\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/territorial-government\/\">territoires<\/a> ont conclu des accords avec Ottawa leur permettant de s\u00e9lectionner et de recruter des immigrants en fonction de leurs besoins sociaux et \u00e9conomiques.\r\n\tLe Qu\u00e9bec est cependant de loin la province qui exerce le plus d\u2019autonomie en mati\u00e8re de politique d\u2019immigration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/b378b182-e598-4c18-9c63-64a15a547a30.jpg\" title=\"Personnel d'immigration, Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Personnel d'immigration, Qu\u00e9bec\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Qu\u00e9bec cr\u00e9e son propre minist\u00e8re de l\u2019immigration en 1968. Ses principales pr\u00e9occupations sont de recruter le plus grand nombre possible d\u2019immigrants francophones dans la province, et de s\u2019assurer que les immigrants qui s\u2019installent au Qu\u00e9bec font\r\n\tpartie de la communaut\u00e9 francophone. Le Qu\u00e9bec est la premi\u00e8re province \u00e0 conclure un accord sp\u00e9cial en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration avec le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral est \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9 dans la t\u00e2che d\u2019augmenter le nombre d\u2019immigrants\r\n\tfrancophones au Canada. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">Politique d\u2019immigration du Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, chaque province (\u00e0 l\u2019exception du Qu\u00e9bec, qui a son propre programme similaire) a mis en place un programme de d\u00e9signation des candidats des provinces, permettant aux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/provincial-government\/\">gouvernements provinciaux<\/a>\tde d\u00e9signer des candidats immigrants sp\u00e9cifiques, avec l\u2019exigence qu\u2019ils r\u00e9sident pendant un certain temps dans cette province. Bien que les programmes varient d\u2019une province \u00e0 l\u2019autre, ils ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement deux objectifs\u00a0: stimuler la croissance\r\n\td\u00e9mographique et recruter des immigrants ayant des comp\u00e9tences professionnelles ou linguistiques souhaitables au sein de la population active d\u2019une province. Certains programmes permettent aux immigrants d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le traitement de leur demande d\u2019entr\u00e9e\r\n\tau Canada. Environ 51 000 immigrants (sur un total d\u2019environ 300 000) sont devenus r\u00e9sidents permanents au Canada en 2017 gr\u00e2ce aux programmes de d\u00e9signation des candidats des provinces.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>L\u2019immigration au Canada au 19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Au 19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, le mouvement des individus et des groupes vers le Canada est largement libre. Cette politique de \u00ab\u00a0portes ouvertes\u00a0\u00bb encourage surtout l\u2019immigration blanche au Canada et notamment la colonisation de l\u2019Ouest canadien.\r\n\t(<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">Immigration au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada n\u2019est cependant pas ouvert \u00e0 tous. La premi\u00e8re <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em>, adopt\u00e9e en 1869, \u00e9tablit une discrimination sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des personnes en raison de leur classe sociale et de leur handicap. L\u2019immigration est \u00e9galement discriminatoire\r\n\tsur la base de la race. En 1885, sous la pression de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/british-columbia\/\">Colombie-Britannique<\/a>, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral impose des politiques visant \u00e0 restreindre l\u2019immigration <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">chinoise<\/a>,\r\n\tcomme une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">taxe d\u2019entr\u00e9e<\/a> et, plus tard, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\"><em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration chinoise<\/em> de 1923<\/a>.\r\n\tCes mesures explicitement racistes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des Chinois se poursuivent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es1940.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>M\u00eame les migrants blancs sont discrimin\u00e9s sur la base de leur origine ethnique\u00a0: les colons anglo-saxons de Grande-Bretagne et des \u00c9tats-Unis sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme les mieux adapt\u00e9s, tandis que les Italiens et les Grecs sont vus comme plus difficiles\r\n\t\u00e0 assimiler et donc moins d\u00e9sirables.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/391e5809-9f40-4c80-b58a-37d72f8c1b72.jpg\" title=\"Immigration irlandaise\" alt=\"Immigration irlandaise\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>D\u00e9but du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle\u00a0: restrictions raciales et nationales<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Entre 1903 et 1913, apr\u00e8s l\u2019arriv\u00e9e au Canada d\u2019importantes cohortes d\u2019immigrants principalement europ\u00e9ens et une s\u00e9rie de bouleversements politiques et de probl\u00e8mes \u00e9conomiques suivant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale<\/a>\t(<em>voir <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/greve-generale-de-winnipeg\">Gr\u00e8ve g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Winnipeg<\/a>), une politique d\u2019immigration beaucoup plus restrictive est mise en place.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En vertu d\u2019une <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> r\u00e9vis\u00e9e en 1919, le gouvernement exclut l\u2019entr\u00e9e au pays \u00e0 certains groupes, notamment les communistes, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/mennonites\/\">mennonites<\/a>, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/doukhobors\/\">doukhobors<\/a>\tet d\u2019autres groupes ayant des pratiques religieuses particuli\u00e8res, ainsi que les gens originaires de pays ayant combattu le Canada pendant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, comme les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/austrians\/\">Autrichiens<\/a>,\r\n\tles <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/hungarians\/\">Hongrois<\/a> et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/turks\/\">Turcs<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral applique \u00e9galement des restrictions fond\u00e9es sur la race et la religion. En 1911, le gouvernement envisage d\u2019interdire les immigrants noirs, mais ne donne finalement pas suite \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e. Les restrictions \u00e0 l\u2019immigration sud-asiatique\r\n\tau Canada au d\u00e9but du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle atteignent leur paroxysme lors des \u00e9v\u00e9nements entourant les passagers du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/komagata-maru\">SS <em>Komagata Maru<\/em><\/a> qui contestent ces politiques\r\n\tdiscriminatoires et exclusives. En 1939, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s juifs fuyant l\u2019Allemagne nazie \u00e0 bord du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ms-st-louis\">MS <em>Saint Louis<\/em><\/a> se voient refuser l\u2019entr\u00e9e au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nombre de ces politiques et pratiques discriminatoires se poursuivent jusqu\u2019au milieu du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CWJAqxJWY1A\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><\/iframe>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<h3>L\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre\u00a0: vers un syst\u00e8me de points<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Les politiques d\u2019immigration restrictives du Canada commencent \u00e0 s\u2019assouplir lentement et progressivement apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>, en partie gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une croissance\r\n\t\u00e9conomique (et une demande de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre) en plein essor et en partie en raison de l\u2019\u00e9volution des m\u0153urs sociales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/fd704360-23a5-4333-9dc4-fed52fcc81b8.jpg\" title=\"Quai 21\" alt=\"Quai 21\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1947, l\u2019interdiction formelle de l\u2019immigration chinoise est lev\u00e9e. Toutefois, en 1952, une nouvelle <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> maintient les politiques discriminatoires du Canada \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des immigrants non europ\u00e9ens et non am\u00e9ricains. Ce n\u2019est\r\n\tqu\u2019en 1962 que le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ottawa-ont\/\">gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/a> met fin \u00e0 la discrimination raciale dans le syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration. En 1967, un syst\u00e8me de points est mis en place pour classer les immigrants\r\n\tpotentiels en fonction de leur admissibilit\u00e9. La race, la couleur ou la nationalit\u00e9 ne sont pas des facteurs dans le nouveau syst\u00e8me; au contraire, les comp\u00e9tences professionnelles, les niveaux d\u2019\u00e9ducation, les comp\u00e9tences linguistiques (soit le fait\r\n\tde parler le fran\u00e7ais ou l\u2019anglais) et les liens familiaux deviennent les principales consid\u00e9rations pour d\u00e9cider qui peut immigrer.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1969, le Canada signe la Convention des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/united-nations\/\">Nations Unies<\/a> de 1951 relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et son protocole de 1967. Bien qu\u2019il reconnaisse les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\/\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>\tcomme une cat\u00e9gorie sp\u00e9ciale de migrants pour des raisons humanitaires, le Canada ne cr\u00e9e aucune mesure officielle pour l\u2019examen des demandes de statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9; il continue comme par le pass\u00e9 \u00e0 n\u2019admettre les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qu\u2019au cas par cas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Loi sur l\u2019immigration, 1976<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Les politiques d\u2019immigration et de population sont profond\u00e9ment remani\u00e9es en 1975. Apr\u00e8s une consultation approfondie, le gouvernement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/liberal-party\/\">lib\u00e9ral<\/a> du premier ministre <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/pierre-elliott-trudeau\/\">Pierre Trudeau<\/a>\tadopte une nouvelle <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> en 1976.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cette Loi, entr\u00e9e en vigueur en 1978, constitue une rupture radicale avec le pass\u00e9. Elle \u00e9tablit pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans la loi les principaux objectifs de la politique d\u2019immigration du Canada. Ceux-ci comprennent la promotion des objectifs d\u00e9mographiques,\r\n\t\u00e9conomiques, sociaux et culturels du Canada, ainsi que les priorit\u00e9s que sont le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/regroupement-familial-au-canada\">regroupement familial<\/a>, la diversit\u00e9 et la non-discrimination. La Loi permet\r\n\t\u00e9galement la coop\u00e9ration entre les diff\u00e9rents niveaux de gouvernement et le secteur b\u00e9n\u00e9vole pour aider les nouveaux arrivants \u00e0 s\u2019adapter \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne. Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, la Loi d\u00e9finit \u00e9galement les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\/\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>\tcomme un groupe distinct d\u2019immigrants dans le droit canadien, obligeant le gouvernement \u00e0 respecter ses obligations envers les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en vertu des accords internationaux.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef.jpg\" title=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\" alt=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1979, le Canada se lance dans un programme unique permettant \u00e0 des groupes priv\u00e9s (le plus souvent des \u00e9glises et des organisations communautaires ethniques) de parrainer des personnes ou des familles de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, de les faire venir au Canada en tant\r\n\tque r\u00e9sidents permanents et de les aider \u00e0 s\u2019installer ici. En 2017, le programme de parrainage priv\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s permet d\u2019installer plus de 275 000 personnes au Canada, en plus des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pris en charge par le gouvernement. Malgr\u00e9 son succ\u00e8s, le programme\r\n\test critiqu\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour sa lourdeur administrative et ses retards, ainsi que pour les restrictions croissantes concernant les pays d\u2019o\u00f9 les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuvent \u00eatre parrain\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La Loi \u00e9largit le nombre de personnes ayant un r\u00f4le \u00e0 jouer dans l\u2019\u00e9laboration des politiques et l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des niveaux d\u2019immigration annuels. Elle donne aux gouvernements provinciaux, aux groupes ethniques et aux organisations humanitaires la possibilit\u00e9,\r\n\tpar le biais de consultations avec le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, de faire entendre leur point de vue aux responsables f\u00e9d\u00e9raux de l\u2019immigration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La Loi modernise \u00e9galement la fa\u00e7on dont le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 est d\u00e9termin\u00e9 en fonction de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et de l\u2019application de la loi. Elle \u00e9tablit \u00e9galement que la Commission d\u2019immigration quasi judiciaire (cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1967) doit \u00eatre un organe\r\n\ttotalement ind\u00e9pendant dont les d\u00e9cisions relatives aux demandes d\u2019immigration et aux appels ne peuvent \u00eatre annul\u00e9es par le gouvernement, sauf en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1980, cinq cat\u00e9gories d\u2019immigrants sont cr\u00e9\u00e9es pour l\u2019entr\u00e9e au Canada: ind\u00e9pendants (personnes pr\u00e9sentant leur propre demande); humanitaires (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et autres personnes pers\u00e9cut\u00e9es ou d\u00e9plac\u00e9es); familiaux (ayant de la famille imm\u00e9diate vivant d\u00e9j\u00e0\r\n\tau Canada); parents aid\u00e9s (parents \u00e9loign\u00e9s, parrain\u00e9s par un membre de la famille au Canada); et \u00e9conomiques (personnes ayant des comp\u00e9tences professionnelles tr\u00e8s recherch\u00e9es, ou celles qui sont pr\u00eates \u00e0 ouvrir une entreprise ou \u00e0 investir de mani\u00e8re\r\n\tsignificative dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie canadienne).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es 1990, apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cennies de r\u00e9formes juridiques et administratives, la composition raciale des immigrants change \u00e9galement. L\u2019Asie (en particulier la Chine, l\u2019Inde et les Philippines) a remplac\u00e9 l\u2019Europe comme principale source d\u2019immigrants\r\n\tau Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>L\u2019accent mis sur la migration \u00e9conomique<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours des ann\u00e9es 1980, les d\u00e9cideurs politiques mettent en place un programme visant \u00e0 encourager les hommes d\u2019affaires et les entrepreneurs \u00e0 immigrer au Canada, en apportant leurs comp\u00e9tences en mati\u00e8re de gestion et leur capital financier afin de\r\n\tcr\u00e9er des possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019emploi suppl\u00e9mentaires. Depuis, de nombreux immigrants apportent au Canada des capitaux et des emplois substantiels.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sans une immigration accrue, le d\u00e9clin de la f\u00e9condit\u00e9 au Canada au 21<sup>e<\/sup> poserait de d\u00e9fis sociaux importants. Avec moins de Canadiens en \u00e2ge de travailler, il serait difficile de couvrir les co\u00fbts des programmes de sant\u00e9 et des programmes sociaux\r\n\tdestin\u00e9s au nombre beaucoup plus important de citoyens \u00e2g\u00e9s. Outre la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre suppl\u00e9mentaire, l\u2019immigration r\u00e9pond \u00e9galement aux besoins d\u2019une \u00e9conomie moderne en ce qui concerne l\u2019\u00e9ducation et les comp\u00e9tences. Ainsi, le Canada continue de favoriser\r\n\tles immigrants hautement qualifi\u00e9s et instruits. En 2018, les immigrants de la cat\u00e9gorie \u00e9conomique constituent la plus grande cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019immigrants, soit 186\u2009352 des 321\u2009035 immigrants admis cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La pratique consistant \u00e0 admettre des personnes hautement qualifi\u00e9es provenant de pays moins d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s continue de susciter la controverse. Les gouvernements des pays en d\u00e9veloppement, d\u2019o\u00f9 proviennent un nombre croissant d\u2019immigrants au Canada, consid\u00e8rent\r\n\tavec appr\u00e9hension l\u2019exode de personnes qu\u2019ils ne peuvent pas se permettre de perdre. Bien que l\u2019opinion a \u00e9t\u00e9 exprim\u00e9e que le Canada ne devrait pas encourager l\u2019exode de personnes form\u00e9es provenant de r\u00e9gions \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9munies\u00a0\u00bb du monde, le Canada\r\n\td\u00e9fend le concept de libert\u00e9 de circulation pour toutes les personnes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Changements dans la politique d\u2019immigration moderne<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2001, apr\u00e8s les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canada-and-911\/\">attaques terroristes du 11 septembre<\/a> sur les \u00c9tats-Unis, le Canada remplace sa <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> de 1976 par la <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/em>.\r\n\tLa nouvelle Loi, entr\u00e9e en vigueur en 2002, conserve bon nombre des principes et des politiques de la pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, y compris les diff\u00e9rentes cat\u00e9gories d\u2019immigrants. Elle \u00e9tend \u00e9galement la cat\u00e9gorie \u00ab\u00a0famille\u00a0\u00bb pour inclure les relations homosexuelles\r\n\tet les unions de fait. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/regroupement-familial-au-canada\">Regroupement familial au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Plus important encore, la Loi de 2001 donne au gouvernement des pouvoirs plus \u00e9tendus pour d\u00e9tenir et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/deportation\/\">expulser<\/a> les immigrants soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s de constituer une menace pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9.\r\n\tEn 2004, le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis interdisent la pratique consistant \u00e0 permettre aux migrants d\u2019entrer dans un pays avec un visa de voyage et de demander le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re de l\u2019autre pays via l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Accord sur les tiers pays s\u00fbrs entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis (ETPS)<\/a>.\r\n\tCette politique est toutefois critiqu\u00e9e par de nombreux d\u00e9tracteurs qui font valoir que les \u00c9tats-Unis ne sont pas un \u00ab\u00a0pays tiers s\u00fbr\u00a0\u00bb pour les migrants en raison de leur approche plus hostile de la migration. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>.)\r\n\tCertaines <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/personnes-demandeuses-d-asile\">personnes demandeuses d'asile<\/a> contournent l'ETPS en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-irreguliere\">traversant la fronti\u00e8re de mani\u00e8re irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re<\/a>\tpour ensuite faire une demande d'asile au Canada. En 2023, l'accord est ren\u00e9goci\u00e9 pour limiter cet \u00e9chapatoire.<\/p>","slug":"politique-dimmigration-1","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"fr","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-05T21:52:18.000000Z"},{"id":"9db1db93-e1eb-4b49-8e9e-447fe51da955","article_id":"72064","title":"\u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf","summary":"<p>\u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf \u0a8f \u0a9c\u0ac7 \u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0a95\u0abe\u0aaf\u0aa6\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa8\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aae\u0acb \u0aa6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abe \u0aa8\u0abf\u0aaf\u0a82\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abf\u0aa4 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0a9b\u0ac7 \u0a9c\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0ab5\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0acd\u0aa5\u0abe\u0aaf\u0ac0 \u0aa5\u0ab5\u0abe \u0aae\u0ab3\u0ac7 \u0a9b\u0ac7. \u0a95\u0acb\u0aa8\u0acd\u0aab\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aa4\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa5\u0ac0, \u0ab5\u0ab8\u0acd\u0aa4\u0ac0 \u0ab5\u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe, \u0a9c\u0aae\u0ac0\u0aa8 \u0aaa\u0aa4\u0abe\u0ab5\u0a9f \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a85\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa5\u0aa4\u0a82\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0ab6\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aae \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa8\u0abe\u0aa3\u0abe\u0a95\u0ac0\u0aaf \u0aae\u0ac2\u0aa1\u0ac0 \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0ac0 \u0aaa\u0abe\u0aa1\u0ab5\u0abe \r\n \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf \u0aa4\u0ac8\u0aaf\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0ac0 \u0a9b\u0ac7. \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf \u0a8f \u0ab8\u0aae\u0aaf\u0aa8\u0abe \u0ab5\u0a82\u0ab6\u0ac0\u0aaf \u0ab5\u0ab2\u0aa3 \u0a85\u0aa5\u0ab5\u0abe \u0ab0\u0abe\u0ab7\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aaf \u0ab8\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab7\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0a9a\u0abf\u0a82\u0aa4\u0abe\u0a93\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0aa3 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aac\u0abf\u0a82\u0aac\u0abf\u0aa4 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0a9b\u0ac7 \u0a9c\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0ac7 \u0a85\u0aae\u0ac1\u0a95 \u0ab8\u0acd\u0aa5\u0ab3\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa4\u0ab0\u0abf\u0aa4 \u0a9c\u0ac2\u0aa5\u0acb \u0aaa\u0ab0 \u0aad\u0ac7\u0aa6\u0aad\u0abe\u0ab5\u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa3 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7\u0acb \u0aaa\u0aa3 \u0aac\u0aa8\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe \u0a9b\u0ac7. (\u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0ab6\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0abe\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf<\/a> <em>\u0aaa\u0aa3 \u0a9c\u0ac1\u0a93<\/em>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(\u0a86 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf \u0aaa\u0ab0 \u0ab8\u0a82\u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa3 \u0ab2\u0a82\u0aac\u0abe\u0a88\u0aa8\u0acb \u0ab2\u0ac7\u0a96 \u0a9b\u0ac7. \u0a9c\u0acb \u0aa4\u0aae\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3 \u0aad\u0abe\u0ab7\u0abe\u0aa8\u0acb \u0ab8\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abe\u0a82\u0ab6 \u0ab5\u0abe\u0a82\u0a9a\u0ab5\u0abe \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82\u0a97\u0aa4\u0abe \u0ab9\u0acb, \u0aa4\u0acb \u0a95\u0ac3\u0aaa\u0abe \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0ac7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy-in-canada-plain-language-article\">\u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf \u0a9c\u0ac1\u0a93 (\u0ab8\u0abe\u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3 \u0aad\u0abe\u0ab7\u0abe\u0aa8\u0acb \u0ab8\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abe\u0a82\u0ab6)<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"\u0aa1\u0a9a \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8 \u0a95\u0acd\u0ab5\u0ac7\u0aac\u0ac7\u0a95 \u0aaa\u0ab9\u0acb\u0a82\u0a9a\u0ac7 \u0a9b\u0ac7\" alt=\"\u0aa1\u0a9a \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8 \u0a95\u0acd\u0ab5\u0ac7\u0aac\u0ac7\u0a95 \u0aaa\u0ab9\u0acb\u0a82\u0a9a\u0ac7 \u0a9b\u0ac7\">\r\n\t<figcaption>\u0a9c\u0ac2\u0aa8 1947<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0acb\u0aa3 \u0a9c\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aac\u0aa6\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0a9b\u0ac7?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u0aac\u0ac0\u0a9c\u0abe \u0ab5\u0abf\u0ab6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0aaf\u0ac1<\/a> \u0aa6\u0acd\u0aa7\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0a98\u0aa3\u0abe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\/\">\u0aab\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0ab0\u0ab2 \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac0<\/a> \u0ab5\u0abf\u0aad\u0abe\u0a97\u0acb \u0a85\u0aa5\u0ab5\u0abe \u0a8f\u0a9c\u0aa8\u0acd\u0ab8\u0ac0\u0a93 \u0a9c\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aac\u0aa6\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0a9b\u0ac7: \r\n \u0a96\u0abe\u0aa3 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0a82\u0ab8\u0abe\u0aa7\u0aa8 \u0aae\u0a82\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abe\u0ab2\u0aaf (1936-1949), \u0aa8\u0abe\u0a97\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a95\u0aa4\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0ab5\u0abf\u0aad\u0abe\u0a97 (1950-66, 1992-2016), \u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ab5\u0ab6\u0a95\u0acd\u0aa4\u0abf \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0ab5\u0abf\u0aad\u0abe\u0a97 (1966-77), \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe \u0ab0\u0acb\u0a9c\u0a97\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0a95\u0aae\u0abf\u0ab6\u0aa8 (1977\u20141992). 2016 \u0aa5\u0ac0, \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aae\u0ac1\u0a96\u0acd\u0aaf\u0aa4\u0acd \r\n \u0ab5\u0ac7 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8, \u0ab0\u0ac7\u0aab\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a9c\u0ac0\u0a9d \u0a8f\u0aa8\u0acd\u0aa1 \u0ab8\u0abf\u0a9f\u0abf\u0a9d\u0aa8\u0ab6\u0abf\u0aaa \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe (IRCC) \u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0a9c\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aac\u0aa6\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac0 \u0a9b\u0ac7.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/constitution-act-1867\/\"><em>\u0aac\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a9f\u0abf\u0ab6 \u0aa8\u0acb\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa5 \u0a85\u0aae\u0ac7\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a95\u0abe \u0a8f\u0a95\u0acd\u0a9f \u0ab9\u0ac7\u0aa0\u0ab3, \u0a87<\/em><\/a> \u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0ac0\u0aaf \u0a9c\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aac\u0aa6\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac0 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0aaf \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aab\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0ab0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">\u0ab2<\/a> \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0acb \u0ab5\u0a9a\u0acd\u0a9a\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0ab9\u0ac7\u0a82\u0a9a\u0abe\u0aaf\u0ac7\u0ab2\u0ac0 \u0a9b\u0ac7. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\/\">\u0a9c\u0acb \u0a95\u0ac7, \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aae\u0acb\u0a9f\u0abe\u0aad\u0abe\u0a97\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a87\u0aa4\u0abf\u0ab9\u0abe\u0ab8 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7, \u0a93\u0a9f\u0abe\u0ab5\u0abe\u0a8f \u0a86 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf \u0ab5\u0abf\u0ab8\u0acd\u0aa4\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0aaa\u0ab0 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aad\u0ac1\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab5 \u0aa7\u0ab0\u0abe\u0ab5\u0ac7 \u0a9b\u0ac7, \u0a9c\u0acb \u0a95\u0ac7 \u0aac\u0ac0\u0a9c\u0abe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\/\">\u0ab5\u0abf\u0ab6\u0acd\u0ab5<\/a> \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0aa6\u0acd\u0aa7\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0a93\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abf\u0aaf\u0acb, 1960 \u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa6\u0abe\u0aaf\u0a95\u0abe\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aae\u0aa7\u0acd\u0aaf\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0a95\u0acd\u0ab5\u0abf\u0aac\u0ac7\u0a95, \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 2010 \u0aa5\u0ac0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">\u0aac\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a9f\u0abf\u0ab6 \u0a95\u0acb\u0ab2\u0a82\u0aac<\/a> \u0abf\u0aaf\u0abe, \u0a96\u0abe\u0ab8 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aa5\u0ac7 \u0a9a\u0abf\u0a82\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aa4 \u0a9b\u0ac7.<\/a> 2017 \u0ab8\u0ac1\u0aa7\u0ac0\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82, \u0aac\u0aa7\u0abe \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa4\u0acb \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0a9f\u0ab2\u0abe\u0a95 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa6\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0acb\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/territorial-government\/\">\u0a93<\/a> \u0a9f\u0abe\u0ab5\u0abe \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aa5\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0a9b\u0ac7 \u0a9c\u0ac7 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a9c\u0abf\u0a95 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a86\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa5\u0abf\u0a95 \u0a9c\u0ab0\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0abf\u0aaf\u0abe\u0aa4\u0acb\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a86\u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0ab8\u0a82\u0aa6 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe 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\u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa8\u0acb\u0a82\u0aa7\u0aaa\u0abe\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0 \u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0ab6\u0acd\u0a9a\u0abf\u0aae \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aaa\u0aa4\u0abe\u0ab5\u0a9f\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aa4\u0acd (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7<\/a> \u0ab6\u0aa8 <em>\u0aaa\u0aa3 \u0a9c\u0ac1\u0a93<\/em>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0a9c\u0acb \u0a95\u0ac7, \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe \u0aac\u0aa7\u0abe \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0a96\u0ac1\u0ab2\u0acd\u0ab2\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0aa8 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac1\u0a82. 1869\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa5\u0aae <em>\u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7<\/em> \u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0a8f\u0a95\u0acd\u0a9f \u0aaa\u0ab8\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0aa5\u0aaf\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a96\u0abe\u0ab8 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0ab0\u0acd\u0a97 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a85\u0aaa\u0a82\u0a97\u0aa4\u0abe\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a86\u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0acb \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0ac7 \u0aad\u0ac7\u0aa6\u0aad\u0abe\u0ab5 \u0ab0\u0abe\u0a96\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb. \u0a9c\u0abe\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a86\u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aaa\u0aa3 \u0aad\u0ac7\u0aa6\u0aad\u0abe\u0ab5\u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa3 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac1\u0a82. 1885 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">\u0aac\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a9f\u0abf\u0ab6 \u0a95\u0acb\u0ab2\u0a82\u0aac \r\n<\/a> \u0abf\u0aaf\u0abe\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa6\u0aac\u0abe\u0aa3 \u0ab9\u0ac7\u0aa0\u0ab3, \u0aab\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0ab0\u0ab2 \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u0a9a\u0ac0<\/a> \u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8\u0aa8\u0ac7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">\u0ab9\u0ac7\u0aa1 \u0a9f\u0ac7\u0a95\u0acd<\/a> \u0ab8\u0aa8\u0ac0 \r\n \u0a9c\u0ac7\u0aae \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7\u0abf\u0aa4 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0a93 \u0ab2\u0abe\u0aa6\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0ac0 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0abe\u0a9b\u0ab3\u0aa5\u0ac0, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">\u0a9a\u0abe\u0a87\u0aa8\u0ac0\u0a9d \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0a8f\u0a95\u0acd\u0a9f, 1923<\/a><\/em>. \r\n\u0a9a\u0abe\u0a87\u0aa8\u0ac0\u0a9d \u0aaa\u0ab0 \u0aa8\u0abf\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa6\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0abf\u0aa4 \u0a86 \u0ab8\u0acd\u0aaa\u0ab7\u0acd\u0a9f\u0aaa\u0aa3\u0ac7 \u0a9c\u0abe\u0aa4\u0abf\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa6\u0ac0 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\">\u0aae\u0ac7<\/a> \u0aa8\u0acb\u0aa8\u0abe\u0a87\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8, \u0aa1\u0acc\u0a96\u0acb\u0aac\u0acb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/doukhobors\/\">\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab8<\/a> \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a96\u0abe\u0ab8 \u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aae\u0abf\u0a95 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa5\u0abe\u0a93 \u0aa7\u0ab0\u0abe\u0ab5\u0aa4\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0acd\u0aaf \u0a9c\u0ac2\u0aa5\u0acb, \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa4\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0aa3 \u0ab0\u0abe\u0ab7\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aaf\u0aa4\u0abe \u0a95\u0ac7 \u0a9c\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa6\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0acb\u0a8f \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa5\u0aae \u0ab5\u0abf\u0ab6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0aa6\u0acd\u0aa7 \u0aa6\u0ab0\u0aae\u0abf\u0aaf\u0abe\u0aa8 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0ac7 \u0ab2\u0aa1\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0abe, \u0a9c\u0ac7\u0aae \u0a95\u0ac7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">\u0a91<\/a> \u0ab8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8, \u0ab9\u0a82\u0a97\u0ac7\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a9f\u0ab0\u0acd\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab8.<\/a><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0aab\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0ab0\u0ab2 \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0a9c\u0abe\u0aa4\u0abf \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa7\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aae\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a86\u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0aa7\u0ac1\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0aa7\u0ac1 \u0aae\u0aa8\u0ab8\u0acd\u0ab5\u0ac0 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7\u0acb \u0aaa\u0aa3 \u0ab2\u0abe\u0a97\u0ac1 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0abe. 1911 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0aac\u0acd\u0ab2\u0ac7\u0a95 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8 \u0aaa\u0ab0 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7 \u0aae\u0ac2\u0a95\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa8\u0acb \u0ab5\u0abf\u0a9a\u0abe\u0ab0 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\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a9a\u0abe\u0a87\u0aa8\u0ac0\u0a9d \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aaa\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a94\u0aaa\u0a9a\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a95 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a85\u0a82\u0aa4 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb. \u0a9c\u0acb \u0a95\u0ac7, 1952 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82, \u0aa8\u0ab5\u0abe \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf <em>\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0a8f\u0a95\u0acd<\/em> \u0a9f\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aac\u0abf\u0aa8-\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aaa\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aac\u0abf\u0aa8-\u0a85\u0aae\u0ac7\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a95\u0aa8 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0aad\u0ac7\u0aa6\u0aad\u0abe\u0ab5\u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa3 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0a93 \u0a9c\u0abe\u0ab3\u0ab5\u0ac0 \u0ab0\u0abe\u0a96\u0ac0 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac0. \u0aa4\u0ac7 1962 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aa4\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab8\u0ac1\u0aa7\u0ac0 \u0aa8 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0a95\u0ac7 \u0aab\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0ab0\u0ab2 \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ottawa-ont\/\">\u0a87<\/a> \u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0ab8\u0abf\u0ab8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab2\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab7\u0aa3 \u0aa4\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0a95\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0a82\u0ab6\u0ac0\u0aaf \u0aad\u0ac7\u0aa6\u0aad\u0abe\u0ab5\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a85\u0a82\u0aa4 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb. 1967 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82, \u0aaf\u0acb\u0a97\u0acd\u0aaf\u0aa4\u0abe \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0a82\u0aad\u0ab5\u0abf\u0aa4 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aae \u0a86\u0aaa\u0ab5\u0abe \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0acb\u0a87\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f \u0ab8\u0abf\u0ab8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0aae \u0ab0\u0a9c\u0ac2 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 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(\u0a95\u0ac7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u0aa8\u0ac7 <em>\u0aa1<\/em> \u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0ab6\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0abe\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf<\/a> \u0a9c\u0ac1\u0a93.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3><em>\u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0a8f\u0a95\u0acd\u0a9f, 1976<\/em><\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>1975 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0ab8\u0acd\u0aa4\u0ac0 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0a93\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aa8\u0acb\u0a82\u0aa7\u0aaa\u0abe\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0 \u0ab8\u0ac1\u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0acb \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb. \u0aa8\u0acb\u0a82\u0aa7\u0aaa\u0abe\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0 \u0aaa\u0ab0\u0abe\u0aae\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab6 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe \u0aaa\u0a9b\u0ac0, \u0ab5\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa7\u0abe\u0aa8 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/liberal-party\/\">\u0aaa<\/a> \u0abf\u0aaf\u0ab0 \u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac1\u0aa1\u0acb\u0aa8\u0ac0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/pierre-elliott-trudeau\/\">\u0ab2\u0abf\u0aac\u0ab0\u0ab2 \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0aa8\u0ab5\u0acb \u0a87<\/a> \u0aae\u0abf <em>\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0a8f\u0a95\u0acd\u0a9f, 1976 \u0aaa\u0ab8\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0ae7\u0aef\u0aed\u0aee\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab2\u0abe\u0a97\u0ac1 \u0aa5\u0aaf\u0ac7\u0ab2\u0acb \u0a86 \u0a85\u0aa7\u0abf\u0aa8\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aae \u0aad\u0ac2\u0aa4\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab3\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0a86\u0aae\u0ac2\u0ab2 \u0ab5\u0abf\u0ab0\u0abe\u0aae \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb. \u0aa4\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0abe\u0aaf\u0aa6\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa5\u0aae \u0ab5\u0a96\u0aa4 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 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(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7 <em>\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82<\/em> \r\n \u0a95\u0acc\u0a9f\u0ac1\u0a82\u0aac\u0abf\u0a95 \u0aaa\u0ac1\u0aa8\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab8\u0a82\u0a97\u0aa4\u0aa4\u0abe \u0a9c\u0ac1\u0a93<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0ab8\u0acc\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0a85\u0a97\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aaf\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa4 \u0a8f \u0a9b\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ac7, 2001\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a95\u0abe\u0aaf\u0aa6\u0abe\u0a8f \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab7\u0abe\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a96\u0aa4\u0ab0\u0acb \u0ab9\u0acb\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab6\u0a82\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab8\u0acd\u0aaa\u0aa6 \u0a89\u0aa4\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab2\u0abe \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deportation\/\">\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0<\/a> \u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a85\u0a9f\u0a95\u0abe\u0aaf\u0aa4 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa1\u0abf\u0aaa\u0acb\u0ab0\u0acd\u0a9f \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe\u0aaa\u0a95 \u0ab8\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aa4\u0abe\u0a93 \u0a86\u0aaa\u0ac0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">2004\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a85\u0aae\u0ac7\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a95\u0abe\u0a8f <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">\u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe-\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0aa8\u0abe\u0a87\u0a9f\u0ac7\u0aa1 \u0ab8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0ac7\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8 \u0ab8\u0ac7\u0aab \u0aa5\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa1 \u0a95\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac0 \u0a8f\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aae\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f (<\/a>\u0a8f\u0ab8\u0a9f\u0ac0\u0ab8\u0ac0\u0a8f) \u0aa6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abe \u0ab8\u0acd\u0aa5\u0ab3\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa4\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abe\u0ab5\u0ac7\u0ab2 \u0ab5\u0abf\u0a9d\u0abe \u0aaa\u0ab0 \u0a8f\u0a95 \u0aa6\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0ab5\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aac\u0ac0\u0a9c\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0ab9\u0aa6 \u0aaa\u0ab0 \u0ab6\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0abe\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0aa6\u0ab0\u0a9c\u0acd\u0a9c\u0abe\u0aa8\u0acb \u0aa6\u0abe\u0ab5\u0acb \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa5\u0abe \u0aaa\u0ab0 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7 \r\n \u0aae\u0ac2\u0a95\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb.<\/a> \r\n\u0a9c\u0acb \u0a95\u0ac7, \u0a86 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0a9f\u0ac0\u0a95\u0abe \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0ac0 \u0a9b\u0ac7 \u0a9c\u0ac7\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a98\u0aa3\u0abe \u0ab5\u0abf\u0ab5\u0ac7\u0a9a\u0a95\u0acb \u0a8f\u0ab5\u0ac0 \u0aa6\u0ab2\u0ac0\u0ab2 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ac0 \u0a9b\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0acd\u0aa5\u0ab3\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa4\u0ab0 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aa5\u0ac7 \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a8f\u0ab8 \u0ab5\u0aa7\u0ac1 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0a95\u0ac2\u0ab3 \u0a85\u0aad\u0abf\u0a97\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0acd\u0aa5\u0ab3\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa4\u0ab0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0acb \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a8f\u0ab8 \u201c\u0ab8\u0ab2\u0abe\u0aae\u0aa4 \u0aa4\u0ac3\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0aaf \u0aa6\u0ac7\u0ab6\u201d \u0aa8\u0aa5\u0ac0. (\u0a95\u0ac7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u0aa8\u0ac7 <em>\u0aa1<\/em> \u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0ab6\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0abe\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0abf<\/a> \u0a9c\u0ac1\u0a93.) \u0a95\u0ac7\u0a9f\u0ab2\u0abe\u0a95 \u0a86\u0ab6\u0acd\u0ab0 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/asylum-seekers-in-canada\">\u0aaf \u0aae\u0ac7\u0ab3\u0ab5\u0aa8\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abe\u0a93\u0a8f<\/a> \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab6\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aaf\u0aa8\u0acb \u0aa6\u0abe\u0ab5\u0acb \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aae\u0abf\u0aa4 \u0aac\u0acb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irregular-immigration\">\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa1\u0ab0 \u0a95\u0acd\u0ab0\u0acb\u0ab8\u0abf\u0a82\u0a97 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a8f\u0ab8\u0a9f\u0ac0\u0ab8\u0ac0\u0a8f<\/a> \u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aac\u0abe\u0aaf\u0aaa\u0abe\u0ab8 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a82 \r\n \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac1\u0a82. 2023 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82, \u0a86 \u0a9b\u0a9f\u0a95\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aae\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe\u0aa6\u0abf\u0aa4 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0aaa\u0ab0 \u0aab\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0a9a\u0ab0\u0acd\u0a9a\u0abe \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0ac0 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac0.<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"gu","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2024-12-10T23:09:46.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-10T23:09:46.000000Z"},{"id":"9dae7bbe-9332-4cb9-846d-bf880331c199","article_id":"72064","title":"\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56","summary":"<p>\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u6765\u3066\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u4eba\u304c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3084\u898f\u5236\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u9023\u90a6\u8b70\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u306f\u4eba\u53e3\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3057\u3001\u571f\u5730\u3092\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3055\u305b\u3001\r\n\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u52b4\u50cd\u529b\u3068\u91d1\u878d\u8cc7\u672c\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8abf\u6574\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u4eba\u7a2e\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3084\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u4e0a\u306e\u61f8\u5ff5\u3082\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u306a\u5236\u9650\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002(<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u96e3\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3082\u53c2\u7167<\/a><\/em>\u3002)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u4e8b\u5168\u6587\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5e73\u6613\u306a\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u307e\u3068\u3081\u305f\u3044\u65b9\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy-in-canada-plain-language-article\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u5e73\u6613\u306a\u8a00\u8449\u306e\u8981\u7d04<\/a>\uff09\u3092\u3054\u89a7\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\uff09<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u5230\u7740\" alt=\"\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u5230\u7740\">\r\n\t<figcaption>1947\u5e746\u6708<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u8005\u306f\u8ab0\u304b\uff1f<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u4ee5\u964d<\/a>\u3001\u9271\u5c71\u8cc7\u6e90\u7701 (1936-1949)\u3001\u5e02\u6c11\u6a29\u79fb\u6c11\u5c40 (1950\u201466\u30011992-2016)\u3001\u52b4\u50cd\u79fb\u6c11\u5c40 (1966-77)\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u96c7\u7528\u79fb\u6c11\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a (1977\u20141992) \u306a\u3069\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\/\">\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7701\u5e81\u304c\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u3002\r\n2016\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\r\n\u79fb\u6c11\u306f\u4e3b\u306b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u79fb\u6c11\u30fb\u96e3\u6c11\u30fb\u5e02\u6c11\u6a29\u7701\uff08IRCC\uff09\u304c\u62c5\u5f53\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/constitution-act-1867\/\"><em>\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u9818\u5317\u7c73\u6cd5\u3067\u306f<\/em><\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u306f\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u3068\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u9593\u3067\u5206\u62c5\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/a>\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30aa\u30bf\u30ef\u304c\u3053\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u5206\u91ce\u3092\u652f\u914d\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\/\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u4ee5\u964d\u306f\u30aa\u30f3\u30bf\u30ea\u30aa\u5dde<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\/\">1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u534a\u3070\u304b\u3089\u306f\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">2010\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u306f\u30d6\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30fb\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30d3\u30a2\u5dde\u304c\u7279\u306b\u79fb\u6c11\u554f\u984c\u306b\u95a2\u5fc3\u3092\u5bc4\u305b\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u30022017\u5e74\u73fe\u5728\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/territorial-government\/\">\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5dde\u3068\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5730\u57df\u304c\u30aa\u30bf\u30ef\u3068\u5354\u5b9a\u3092\u7d50\u3093\u3067\u304a\u308a<\/a>\u3001\u30aa\u30bf\u30ef\u306f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u9078\u5b9a\u3057\u3001\u63a1\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u5727\u5012\u7684\u306b\u81ea\u6cbb\u6a29\u3092\u884c\u4f7f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5dde\u306f\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/b378b182-e598-4c18-9c63-64a15a547a30.jpg\" title=\"\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u8077\u54e1\" alt=\"\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u5165\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u8077\u54e1\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306f1968\u5e74\u306b\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u5c40\u3092\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u95a2\u5fc3\u4e8b\u306f\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u3051\u591a\u304f\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306b\u63a1\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306b\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3059\u308b\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u570f\u306e\u4e00\u54e1\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306f\u3001\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u3068\u7279\u5225\u79fb\u6c11\u5354\u5b9a\u3092\u7d50\u3093\u3060\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5dde\u3067\u3059\u3002\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u570f\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u6570\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3059\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u3082\u643a\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002(<em><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3082\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/a><\/em>\u3002)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5dde\uff08\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u3092\u9664\u304f\uff09\u304c\u5dde\u63a8\u85a6\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8acb\u8005\u3092\u63a8\u85a6\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">\u4e00\u5b9a\u671f\u9593\u305d\u306e\u5dde\u306b\u5c45\u4f4f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\r\n\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8acb\u8005\u3092\u63a8\u85a6\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059<\/a>\u3002\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306f\u5dde\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b2\u3064\u306e\u76ee\u6a19\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4eba\u53e3\u5897\u52a0\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\r\n\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8a00\u8a9e\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3092\u5099\u3048\u305f\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u5dde\u306e\u52b4\u50cd\u529b\u306b\u63a1\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u7533\u8acb\u3092\u65e9\u6025\u306b\u9032\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u30022017\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5dde\u63a8\u85a6\u8005\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u7d0451,000\u4eba\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u5408\u8a08\u7d0430\u4e07\u4eba\u306e\u3046\u3061\uff09\r\n\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u6c38\u4f4f\u8005\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u4e88\u60f3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>19\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u6c11<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>19\u4e16\u7d00\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u3084\u56e3\u4f53\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u300c\u9580\u6238\u958b\u653e\u300d\u653f\u7b56\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u767d\u4eba\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u7279\u306b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u897f\u90e8\u306e\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002(<em>\u300c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u6c11<\/a>\u300d\u3082\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/em>\u3002)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u4eba\u306b\u9580\u6238\u3092\u958b\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<em>\u6700\u521d\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u306f1869\u5e74\u306b\u6210\u7acb\u3057<\/em>\u3001\u7279\u306b\u968e\u7d1a\u3084\u969c\u5bb3\u3092\u7406\u7531\u306b\u4eba\u3005\u3092\u5dee\u5225\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u3082\u4eba\u7a2e\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u5dee\u5225\u3067\u3057\u305f\u30021885\u5e74\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">\u30d6\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30d3\u30a2\u5dde\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5727\u529b\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u4eba\u982d\u7a0e\u306a\u3069\u306e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3059\u308b\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u8ab2\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a><\/a>\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">1923\u5e74\u306b\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u304c\u5236\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a><\/em>\u3002\r\n\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u4eba\u7a2e\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u306a\u63aa\u7f6e\u306f\u30011940\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u534a\u307e\u3067\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u767d\u4eba\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u3067\u3055\u3048\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u5dee\u5225\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3068\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30a2\u30f3\u30b0\u30ed\u30b5\u30af\u30bd\u30f3\u4eba\u5165\u690d\u8005\u304c\u6700\u3082\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u4eba\u3068\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u4eba\u306f\u540c\u5316\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u96e3\u3057\u304f\u3001\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3042\u307e\u308a\u671b\u307e\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/391e5809-9f40-4c80-b58a-37d72f8c1b72.jpg\" title=\"\u30a2\u30a4\u30eb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u79fb\u6c11\" alt=\"\u30a2\u30a4\u30eb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u79fb\u6c11\">\r\n\t<figcaption>\u5317\u30a2\u30a4\u30eb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3068\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u30d9\u30eb\u30d5\u30a1\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u884c\u304d\u6765\u3057\u305f\u300c\u30d4\u30c3\u30c4\u30d0\u30fc\u30b0\u300d\u306e1923\u5e74\u306e\u5e83\u544a\u3002<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>20\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u982d\uff1a\u4eba\u7a2e\u3084\u56fd\u306e\u5236\u9650<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>1903\u5e74\u304b\u30891913\u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u7cfb\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u96c6\u56e3\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u3084\u3063\u3066\u6765\u3066\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u5f8c\u306e\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3068\u7d4c\u6e08\u554f\u984c<\/a>\uff08<em><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg-general-strike\">\u30a6\u30a3\u30cb\u30da\u30b0\u306e\u30bc\u30cd\u30e9\u30eb\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30a4\u30ad\u3092\u53c2\u7167<\/a><\/em>\uff09\u304c\u7d9a\u3044\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u306f\u308b\u304b\u306b\u5236\u9650\u306e\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u304c\u5b9f\u65bd\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>1919\u5e74\u306b\u6539\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u305f\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d<\/em>\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u3001\u5171\u7523\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\">\u30e1\u30ce\u30ca\u30a4\u30c8<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/doukhobors\/\">\u30c9\u30a5\u30db\u30dc\u30eb<\/a>\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6163\u7fd2\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3092\u542b\u3080\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3068\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\">\u30cf\u30f3\u30ac\u30ea\u30fc<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/turks\/\">\u30c8\u30eb\u30b3\u4eba\u306a\u3069<\/a><\/a>\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u4e2d\u306b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3068\u6226\u3063\u305f\u56fd\u306e\u56fd\u7c4d\u3092\u542b\u3080\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u3092\u9664\u5916\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4eba\u7a2e\u3084\u5b97\u6559\u3092\u7406\u7531\u3068\u3059\u308b\u72ec\u65ad\u7684\u306a\u5236\u9650\u3092\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u5f37\u3081\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021911\u5e74\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u9ed2\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u7981\u6b62\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u306f\u305d\u306e\u8003\u3048\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n20\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u982d\u306b\u5357\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u4f4f\u3092\u72ec\u65ad\u7684\u306b\u5236\u9650\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\">\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u3067\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u306a\u653f\u7b56\u306b\u7570\u8b70\u3092\u5531\u3048\u305f\u89aa\u885b\u968a\u99d2\u5f62\u4e38\u306e\u4e57\u5ba2\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u3002\r\n1939\u5e74\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">\u30bb\u30f3\u30c8\u30eb\u30a4\u30b9\u53f7\u306b\u4e57\u3063\u3066\u30ca\u30c1\u30b9\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u304b\u3089\u9003\u4ea1\u3057\u305f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u96e3\u6c11\u306f<\/a><\/em><\/a>\u3001\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u80cc\u666f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3067\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u306a\u653f\u7b56\u3084\u6163\u884c\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u300120\u4e16\u7d00\u534a\u3070\u307e\u3067\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eZyvg_87e6o\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u6226\u5f8c\uff1a\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u5236\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u5f8c<\/a>\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u5236\u9650\u7684\u306a\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u306f\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u7de9\u548c\u3055\u308c\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7406\u7531\u306e1\u3064\u306f\u3001\u6025\u6210\u9577\u3057\u305f\u7d4c\u6e08\u6210\u9577\uff08\u304a\u3088\u3073\u52b4\u50cd\u9700\u8981\uff09\r\n\u3068\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/fd704360-23a5-4333-9dc4-fed52fcc81b8.jpg\" title=\"\u30d4\u30a221\" alt=\"\u30d4\u30a2 21\">\r\n\t<figcaption>\u30ce\u30d0\u30b9\u30b3\u30b7\u30a2\u5dde\u30cf\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u30d4\u30a221\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u79fb\u6c11\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3002\u5199\u771f\u306f2013\u5e7410\u670811\u65e5\u306b\u64ae\u5f71\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>1947\u5e74\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u7981\u6b62\u304c\u89e3\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30011952\u5e74\u3001<em>\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u308a<\/em>\u3001\u975e\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u7cfb\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7c73\u56fd\u4eba\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u304c\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021962\u5e74\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ottawa-ont\/\">\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u79fb\u6c11\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u7a2e\u5dee\u5225\u3092\u5ec3\u6b62\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u30021967\u5e74\u306b\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u8cc7\u683c\u3092\u30e9\u30f3\u30af\u4ed8\u3051\u3059\u308b\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u5236\u5ea6\u304c\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u7a2e\u3001\u808c\u306e\u8272\u3001\u56fd\u7c4d\u306f\u8003\u616e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u3001\r\n\u5c31\u52b4\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u307e\u305f\u306f\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\uff09\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u304c\u3001\u8ab0\u304c\u79fb\u6c11\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\u969b\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u8003\u616e\u4e8b\u9805\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1969\u5e74\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/united-nations\/\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f1951\u5e74\u306e\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u56fd\u9023\u6761\u7d04\u3068\u305d\u306e1967\u5e74\u306e\u8b70\u5b9a\u66f8\u306b\u7f72\u540d\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f\u96e3\u6c11\u3092\u7279\u5225\u306a\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u968e\u7d1a\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a<\/a>\u3001\u96e3\u6c11\u7533\u8acb\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u63aa\u7f6e\u306f\u8b1b\u3058\u305a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u540c\u69d8\u3001\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u306e\u307f\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u306e\u307f\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">(\u300c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u96e3\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u300d\u3092\u53c2\u7167)\u3002<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3><em>1976\u5e74\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5<\/em><\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3068\u4eba\u53e3\u653f\u7b56\u306f1975\u5e74\u306b\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u898b\u76f4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<em>\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u306a\u5354\u8b70\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/liberal-party\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/pierre-elliott-trudeau\/\">\u30d4\u30a8\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30c8\u30eb\u30c9\u30fc\u9996\u76f8\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u306f1976\u5e74\u306b\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u3092\u53ef\u6c7a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a><\/a>\u3002<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1978\u5e74\u306b\u65bd\u884c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u306e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u304b\u3089\u306e\u629c\u672c\u7684\u306a\u8131\u5374\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u521d\u3081\u3066\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u4eba\u53e3\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\r\n\u6587\u5316\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u306e\u63a8\u9032\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u518d\u4f1a<\/a>\u3001\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u3001\u7121\u5dee\u5225\u3068\u3044\u3046\u512a\u5148\u4e8b\u9805\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u65b0\u898f\u53c2\u5165\u8005\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u9069\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\r\n\u653f\u5e9c\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3068\u30dc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u90e8\u9580\u9593\u306e\u5354\u529b\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u540c\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\u521d\u3081\u3066\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u96e3\u6c11\u3092\u500b\u5225\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057<\/a>\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u56fd\u969b\u5354\u5b9a\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u96e3\u6c11\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7fa9\u52d9\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7fa9\u52d9\u4ed8\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef.jpg\" title=\"1979\u5e748\u6708\u3001CFB\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30b9\u30d0\u30c3\u30cf\u3067\u306e\u6771\u5357\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\" alt=\"1979\u5e748\u6708\u3001CFB\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30b9\u30d0\u30c3\u30cf\u3067\u306e\u6771\u5357\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\">\r\n\t<figcaption>\u6771\u5357\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u5230\u7740\u5730\u306e1\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a8\u30c9\u30e2\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3\u306e\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30b9\u30d0\u30c3\u30cf\u8ecd\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\u3002<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>1979\u5e74\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f\u3001\u6c11\u9593\u56e3\u4f53\uff08\u4e3b\u306b\u6559\u4f1a\u3084\u6c11\u65cf\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u56e3\u4f53\uff09\u304c\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u500b\u4eba\u3084\u5bb6\u65cf\u3092\u5f8c\u63f4\u3057\u3001\u6c38\u4f4f\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u9023\u308c\u3066\u884c\u304d\u3001\u96e3\u6c11\u304c\u3053\u3053\u306b\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u652f\u63f4\u3067\u304d\u308b\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u7740\u624b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30022017\u5e74\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u6c11\u9593\u96e3\u6c11\u652f\u63f4\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u3005\u306f275,000\u4eba\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u96e3\u6c11\u3092\u4e0a\u56de\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\r\n\u3053\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306f\u6210\u529f\u3092\u53ce\u3081\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u8fd1\u5e74\u3001\u4e8b\u52d9\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u7169\u96d1\u3067\u9045\u5ef6\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\r\n\u96e3\u6c11\u3092\u63f4\u52a9\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5834\u6240\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5236\u9650\u304c\u53b3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">(\u300c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u96e3\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u300d\u3092\u53c2\u7167)\u3002<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306f\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u7b56\u5b9a\u3068\u5e74\u9593\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8ab0\u304c\u62c5\u3046\u304b\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3001\u4eba\u9053\u652f\u63f4\u56e3\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u3068\u306e\u5354\u8b70\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\r\n\u9023\u90a6\u5165\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u306b\u610f\u898b\u3092\u805e\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u5f97\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u3068\u57f7\u884c\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u5730\u4f4d\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3082\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6e96\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff081967\u5e74\u306b\u8a2d\u7acb\uff09\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\r\n\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8acb\u3068\u63a7\u8a34\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306f\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u4e0a\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3092\u9664\u304d\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5374\u4e0b\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u5b9a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1980\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u7121\u6240\u5c5e\uff08\u81ea\u5206\u3067\u7533\u8acb\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3005\uff09\u3001\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff08\u96e3\u6c11\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8feb\u5bb3\u307e\u305f\u306f\u907f\u96e3\u6c11\uff09\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08\u8fd1\u89aa\u8005\u304c\u3059\u3067\u306b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff09\u3001\u652f\u63f4\u4ed8\u304d\u89aa\u65cf\uff08\r\n\u9060\u3044\u89aa\u65cf\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u4eba\uff09\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u4eba\uff08\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u96c7\u7528\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4eba\u3005\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b\u4e8b\u696d\u3092\u958b\u3044\u305f\u308a\u3001\u591a\u984d\u306e\u6295\u8cc7\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3044\u4eba\uff09\u306e5\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u5165\u56fd\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u6cd5\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u884c\u653f\u7684\u6539\u9769\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u4eba\u7a2e\u69cb\u6210\u3082\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\uff08\u7279\u306b\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30d4\u30f3\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u6700\u5927\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u6e90\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306b\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u7d4c\u6e08\u79fb\u4f4f\u306b\u91cd\u70b9\u3092\u7f6e\u304f<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u6848\u8005\u306f\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u96c7\u7528\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u5275\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u30de\u30f3\u3084\u8d77\u696d\u5bb6\u306b\u7ba1\u7406\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3068\u91d1\u878d\u8cc7\u672c\u3092\u6301\u3061\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u4f4f\u3092\u5968\u52b1\u3059\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u5236\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\r\n\u591a\u304f\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u591a\u984d\u306e\u8cc7\u672c\u3068\u96c7\u7528\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u5897\u3048\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u300121\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3059\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u52b4\u50cd\u5e74\u9f62\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u9f62\u8005\u306e\u5065\u5eb7\u304a\u3088\u3073\u793e\u4f1a\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u8cbb\u7528\u3092\u8ca0\u62c5\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\r\n\u79fb\u6c11\u306f\u3001\u52b4\u50cd\u529b\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3059\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3068\u6280\u80fd\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u73fe\u4ee3\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u30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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\/\">9\u670811\u65e5\u306e\u7c73\u56fd\u540c\u6642\u591a\u767a\u30c6\u30ed\u306e\u5f8c<\/a>\u3001<em><em>\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f1976\u5e74\u306b\u5236\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u3092\u79fb\u6c11\u30fb\u96e3\u6c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u6cd5\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/em><\/em>\u3002\r\n2002\u5e74\u306b\u65bd\u884c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b0\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u968e\u7d1a\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3001\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3068\u65b9\u91dd\u306e\u591a\u304f\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u968e\u7d1a\u3092\u540c\u6027\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u5185\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u307e\u3067\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff08<em>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u518d\u7d71\u5408\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/a><\/em>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u30012001\u5e74\u306e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deportation\/\">\u6cbb\u5b89\u4e0a\u306e\u8105\u5a01\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u7591\u308f\u308c\u308b\u4e0a\u9678\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u62d8\u7559\u3057\u3001\u56fd\u5916\u8ffd\u653e\u3059\u308b\u6a29\u9650\u304c\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059<\/a>\u30022004\u5e74\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3068\u7c73\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3068\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u5b89\u5168\u306a\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u5354\u5b9a\uff08STCA\uff09\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u65c5\u884c\u30d3\u30b6\u3067\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u56fd\u306b\u5165\u56fd\u3057\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u65b9\u306e\u56fd\u5883\u3067\u96e3\u6c11\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3092\u7533\u8acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a31\u53ef\u3059\u308b\u6163\u884c\u3092\u7981\u6b62\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a><\/a>\u3002\r\n\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u7c73\u56fd\u306f\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3088\u308a\u6575\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7c73\u56fd\u306f\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u300c\u5b89\u5168\u306a\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3053\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u306f\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">(\u300c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u96e3\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u300d\u3092\u53c2\u7167)\u3002<\/a><\/em>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/asylum-seekers-in-canada\">\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5e87\u8b77\u5e0c\u671b\u8005\u306f<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irregular-immigration\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3067\u4ea1\u547d\u3092\u7533\u8acb\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u306a\u56fd\u5883\u901a\u904e\u3092\u884c\u3044<\/a>\u3001STCA\u3092\u8fc2\u56de\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n2023\u5e74\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u629c\u3051\u7a74\u3092\u72ed\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5354\u5b9a\u304c\u518d\u4ea4\u6e09\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"ja","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":3,"created_at":"2024-12-09T06:54:19.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-09T06:54:19.000000Z"},{"id":"9dfdce7c-de07-4e09-975d-cccf6c753e15","article_id":"72064","title":"Immigration Policy in Canada [Kanada&#39;da G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Politikas\u0131]","summary":"<p>G\u00f6\u00e7menlik politikas\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Kanada&quot;ya gelip yerle\u015fmeyi yasalar ve d\u00fczenlemeler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kontrol etme \u015feklidir.. Konfederasyondan bu yana g\u00f6\u00e7menlik politikas\u0131 n\u00fcfusu b\u00fcy\u00fctmek, topra\u011f\u0131 yerle\u015ftirecek ve ekonomi i\u00e7in emek ve finansal sermaye \r\n sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in uyarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7menlik politikas\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda zaman\u0131n \u0131rksal tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 veya ulusal g\u00fcvenlik endi\u015felerini yans\u0131tma e\u011filimindedir ve bu da belirli g\u00f6\u00e7men gruplar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ayr\u0131mc\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.. (<em>Ayr\u0131ca bkz<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Kanada M\u00fclteci Politi<\/a> kas\u0131.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(Bu, Kanada&#39;daki g\u00f6\u00e7menlik politikas\u0131yla ilgili tam uzunlukta makaledir. Sade bir \u00f6zet okumak istiyorsan\u0131z, l\u00fctfen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy-in-canada-plain-language-article\">Kanada&#39;daki G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Politikas\u0131&#39;na bak\u0131n (D\u00fcz Dil \u00d6zeti).<\/a>)<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"Hollandal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menler Qu\u00e9bec&#39;e geldi\" alt=\"Hollandal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menler Qu\u00e9bec&#39;e geldi\">\r\n\t<figcaption>Haziran 1947<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>G\u00f6\u00e7menlikten kim sorumludur?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f<\/a> \u0131&#39;ndan bu yana g\u00f6\u00e7menlik politikas\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\/\">federal h\u00fck\u00fcmet<\/a> departman\u0131 veya kurumu sorumludur: \r\n Madenler ve Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (1936-1949), Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ve G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Dairesi (1950\u201466, 1992\u20142016), \u0130nsan G\u00fcc\u00fc ve G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Departman\u0131 (1966-77) ve Kanada \u0130stihdama ve G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Komisyonu (1977\u20141992). 2016 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana g\u00f6\u00e7men \r\n lik \u00f6ncelikle Kanada G\u00f6\u00e7menlik, M\u00fclteciler ve Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k (IRCC) sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/constitution-act-1867\/\"><em>\u0130ngiliz Kuzey Amerika Yas<\/em><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">as\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, g\u00f6\u00e7menlik i\u00e7in anayasal sorumluluk eyalet ve federal h\u00fck\u00fcmetler aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/a> Bununla birlikte, Kanada tarihinin \u00e7o\u011funda Ottawa bu politika alan\u0131na hakim olmu\u015ftur, ancak <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\/\">Ontario<\/a> \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#39;ndan bu yana, 1960&#39;lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan beri <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\/\">Quebec<\/a> ve 2010&#39;dan beri <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">British Columbia<\/a> \u00f6zellikle g\u00f6\u00e7le ilgilenmi\u015ftir. 2017 itibariyle, t\u00fcm eyaletler ve baz\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/territorial-government\/\">b\u00f6lgeler<\/a>, sosyal ve ekonomik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00f6\u00e7menleri se\u00e7melerine ve i\u015fe almalar\u0131na izin veren Ottawa ile anla\u015fmalara sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, Quebec, g\u00f6\u00e7menlik politikas\u0131 alan\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k ara en fazla \u00f6zerkli\u011fi uygulayan eyalettir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/b378b182-e598-4c18-9c63-64a15a547a30.jpg\" title=\"G\u00f6\u00e7menlik personeli, Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"G\u00f6\u00e7menlik personeli, Qu\u00e9bec\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Quebec, 1968&#39;de kendi g\u00f6\u00e7menlik departman\u0131n\u0131 kurdu. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca endi\u015feleri, eyalete m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca \u00e7ok say\u0131da Frans\u0131zca konu\u015fan g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015fe almak ve Quebec&#39;e yerle\u015fen g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin frankofon toplulu\u011funun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131. \r\nQuebec, federal h\u00fck\u00fcmetle \u00f6zel bir g\u00f6\u00e7menlik anla\u015fmas\u0131 olan ilk eyaletti. Federal h\u00fck\u00fcmet ayr\u0131ca Kanada&#39;ya Frans\u0131zca konu\u015fan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma g\u00f6revine de kat\u0131l\u0131yor. (<em>Ayr\u0131ca bkz<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">Quebec G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Politi<\/a> kas\u0131.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Son y\u0131llarda her eyalet (kendi benzer plan\u0131 olan Qu\u00e9bec hari\u00e7), eyalet <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin belirli g\u00f6\u00e7men ba\u015fvuru sahiplerini aday g\u00f6stermelerine izin veren ve<\/a> o eyalette \r\n belirli bir s\u00fcre ikamet etmeleri \u015fart\u0131yla bir \u0130l Aday Program\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Programlar eyaletten eyalete de\u011fi\u015fse de, genellikle iki hedefi vard\u0131r - n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak ve ar \r\n zu edilen i\u015f becerilerine veya dil becerilerine sahip g\u00f6\u00e7menleri bir eyaletin i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne dahil etmek. Baz\u0131 programlar, g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin Kanada&#39;ya giri\u015f ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde izlemelerine izin verir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 51.000 g\u00f6\u00e7menin (toplam yakla\u015f\u0131k 300.000&#39;den) 2017&#39;de \u0130l Aday Programlar\u0131 \r\n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Kanada&#39;da daimi ikamet etmesi bekleniyordu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Kanada&#39;ya G\u00f6\u00e7menlik<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, bireylerin ve gruplar\u0131n Kanada&#39;ya hareketi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zd\u0131. Bu \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k kap\u0131\u201d politikas\u0131, Kanada&#39;ya beyaz g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ve \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131 Kanada&#39;n\u0131n yerle\u015fimini te\u015fvik etti. (<em>Ayr\u0131ca bkz<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">Kanada&#39;da G\u00f6\u00e7men<\/a> lik.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ancak Kanada herkese a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildi. \u0130lk <em>G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Yas<\/em> as\u0131 1869&#39;da kabul edildi ve \u00f6zellikle s\u0131n\u0131f ve engellilik gerek\u00e7esiyle insanlara kar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapt\u0131. G\u00f6\u00e7 de \u0131rk temelinde ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. 1885&#39;te, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">British Columbi \r\n<\/a> a&#39;n\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda federal h\u00fck\u00fcmet, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u00c7in<\/a> g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc bir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">ba\u015f ver<\/a> gisi \r\n gibi k\u0131s\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in politikalar ve daha sonra <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">1923 \u00c7in G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Yasas\u0131n\u0131 uygulad\u0131<\/a><\/em>. \r\n\u00c7inlilere y\u00f6nelik bu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6nlemler 1940&#39;lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131na kadar devam etti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Beyaz g\u00f6\u00e7menler bile etnik k\u00f6kenleri temelinde ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131: \u0130ngiltere ve ABD&#39;den Anglo-Sakson yerle\u015fimciler en uygun olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, \u0130talyanlar ve Yunanl\u0131lar asimile edilmesi daha zor ve bu nedenle daha az arzu edilir olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/391e5809-9f40-4c80-b58a-37d72f8c1b72.jpg\" title=\"\u0130rlanda G\u00f6\u00e7menli\u011fi\" alt=\"\u0130rlanda G\u00f6\u00e7menli\u011fi\">\r\n\t<figcaption>Belfast Kuzey \u0130rlanda ile Kanada aras\u0131nda seyahat eden \u201cPittsburgh\u201d i\u00e7in 1923&#39;ten bir reklam.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Ba\u015flar\u0131: Irksal ve Ulusal K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>1903 ve 1913 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukla Avrupal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerden olu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck kohortlar\u0131n Kanada&#39;ya gelmesinden ve Bir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">inci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f<\/a> \u0131&#39;n\u0131 takip eden bir dizi siyasi kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ve ekonomik sorundan sonra (<em>bk<\/em> z. <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg-general-strike\">Winnipeg Genel<\/a> Grevi), \u00e7ok daha k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00f6\u00e7 politikas\u0131 uyguland\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/turks\/\">1919&#39;da revize edilmi\u015f bir G\u00f6 <em>\u00e7menlik Yas<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\">as\u0131 uyar\u0131nca h\u00fck\u00fcmet, Kom\u00fcnistler, Mennonit<\/a> ler, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/doukhobors\/\">Doukho<\/a> borlar ve belirli dini uygulamalara sahip di\u011fer gruplar ve ayr\u0131ca <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">Avustur<\/a> yal\u0131lar, Macarlar ve T\u00fcrkler gibi Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kanada&#39;ya kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fan uluslar da dahil olmak \u00fczere belirli gruplar\u0131 \u00fclkeye girmekten hari\u00e7 tuttu.<\/a><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Federal h\u00fck\u00fcmet ayr\u0131ca \u0131rk ve din temelinde giderek daha keyfi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar uygulad\u0131. 1911&#39;de h\u00fck\u00fcmet Siyah g\u00f6\u00e7menleri yasaklamay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc, ancak nihayetinde bu fikri yerine getirmedi. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda G\u00fcney \r\n Asya&quot;n\u0131n Kanada&quot;ya g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik keyfi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar, bu ayr\u0131mc\u0131 ve m\u00fcnhas\u0131r politikalara meydan okuyan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\">SS Komagata Maru&quot;nun<\/a> yolcular\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen olaylarla sonu\u00e7land\u0131.. \r\n 1939&#39;da <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">MS St. Louis<\/a><\/em> ile Nazi Almanyas\u0131&#39;ndan ka\u00e7an Yahudi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">m\u00fcltec<\/a> ilerin, Yahudi k\u00f6kenleriyle ilgili keyfi gerek\u00e7elerle Kanada&#39;ya giri\u015fleri reddedildi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bu ayr\u0131mc\u0131 politika ve uygulamalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar devam etti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eZyvg_87e6o\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>Sava\u015f Sonras\u0131 D\u00f6nem: Bir Puan Sistemine Do\u011fru<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Kanada&#39;n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131, k\u0131smen geli\u015fen ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme (ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc talebi) ve k\u0131smen de\u011fi\u015fen sosyal tutumlar nedeniyle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f<\/a> \u0131&#39;ndan sonra yava\u015f \r\n ve kademeli olarak gev\u015femeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/fd704360-23a5-4333-9dc4-fed52fcc81b8.jpg\" title=\"\u0130skele 21\" alt=\"\u0130skele 21\">\r\n\t<figcaption>Halifax, Nova Scotia&#39;daki Pier 21&#39;deki Kanada G\u00f6\u00e7menlik M\u00fczesi. Foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekildi: 11 Ekim 2013<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>1947&#39;de \u00c7in g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn resmi yasa\u011f\u0131 sona erdi. Bununla birlikte, 1952&#39;de yeni bir G\u00f6 <em>\u00e7menlik Yasas\u0131, Kanada&#39;n\u0131n Avru<\/em> pal\u0131 olmayan ve Amerikal\u0131 olmayan g\u00f6\u00e7menlere kar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ottawa-ont\/\">Federal h\u00fck\u00fcmet, g\u00f6\u00e7menlik sisteminin bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi olarak \u0131rk ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 1962&#39;ye kadar sona erdirmedi.<\/a> 1967&#39;de potansiyel g\u00f6\u00e7menleri uygunluk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131ralamak i\u00e7in bir puan sistemi getirildi. Irk, renk veya milliyet yeni sistemde fakt\u00f6rler de\u011fildi; daha ziyade, i\u015f \r\n becerileri, e\u011fitim seviyeleri, dil yetene\u011fi (Frans\u0131zca veya \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fmada) ve aile ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kimin g\u00f6\u00e7 edebilece\u011fine karar verirken ana hususlar haline geldi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1969&#39;da Kanada, 1951 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/united-nations\/\">Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fcl<\/a> tecilerin Stat\u00fcs\u00fcne \u0130li\u015fkin S\u00f6zle\u015fmesini ve 1967 Protokol\u00fcn\u00fc imzalad\u0131. M\u00fcl <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">tecileri<\/a> \u00f6zel bir insani g\u00f6\u00e7men s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Kanada m\u00fclteci taleplerini incelemek i\u00e7in resmi bir \u00f6nlem olu\u015fturmad\u0131 - ge\u00e7mi\u015fte oldu\u011fu gibi sadece m\u00fcltecileri vaka baz\u0131nda kabul etmeye devam etti. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Kanada <em>M\u00fcl<\/em> teci Politikas\u0131&#39;na<\/a> bak\u0131n.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3><em>G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Yasas\u0131, 1976<\/em><\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>G\u00f6\u00e7 ve n\u00fcfus politikalar\u0131 1975&#39;te \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde elden ge\u00e7irildi. \u00d6nemli bir isti\u015fareden sonra, Ba\u015fbakan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/pierre-elliott-trudeau\/\">Pierre Trudeau&#39;nun <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/liberal-party\/\">Liberal<\/a> h\u00fck\u00fcmeti 1976&#39;da<\/a> <em>yeni bir G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Yasas\u0131n\u0131 kabul<\/em> etti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1978&#39;de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Yasa, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften radikal bir kopuktu. Kanunda ilk kez Kanada&#39;n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7menlik politikas\u0131n\u0131n temel hedeflerini belirledi. Bunlar, Kanada&#39;n\u0131n demografik, ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hedeflerinin yan\u0131 \r\n s\u0131ra <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">aile<\/a> birle\u015fimi, \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapmama \u00f6nceliklerini geli\u015ftirmeyi i\u00e7eriyordu. Yasa ayr\u0131ca, yeni gelenlerin Kanada toplumuna uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00fczeyleri ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \r\n sekt\u00f6r aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fini sa\u011flad\u0131.. Kanun ilk kez \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">m\u00fcltec<\/a> ileri Kanada hukukunda ayr\u0131 bir g\u00f6\u00e7men grubu olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin m\u00fcltecilere kar\u015f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar kapsam\u0131ndaki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmesini zorunlu k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef.jpg\" title=\"G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asyal\u0131 m\u00fcltecilerin CFB Griesbach&#39;ta kabul\u00fc, A\u011fustos 1979\" alt=\"G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asyal\u0131 m\u00fcltecilerin CFB Griesbach&#39;ta kabul\u00fc, A\u011fustos 1979\">\r\n\t<figcaption>G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asyal\u0131 m\u00fcltecilerin var\u0131\u015f noktalar\u0131ndan biri olan Edmonton&#39;daki Griesbach Askeri \u00dcss\u00fc.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>1979&#39;da Kanada, \u00f6zel gruplar\u0131n (\u00e7o\u011funlukla kiliseler ve etnik topluluk \u00f6rg\u00fctleri) m\u00fclteci bireylere veya ailelere sponsor olmalar\u0131na, onlar\u0131 Kanada&#39;ya daimi ikamet olarak getirmelerine ve buraya yerle\u015fmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmalar\u0131na izin veren benzersiz bir program ba\u015flatt\u0131. 2017 \r\n itibariyle, M\u00fcltecilerin \u00d6zel Sponsorlu\u011fu Program\u0131, Kanada&#39;da 275.000&#39;den fazla insan\u0131, devlet destekli m\u00fcltecilerin \u00fcst\u00fcnde yerle\u015fti. Program\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen, son y\u0131llarda hantal evrak i\u015fleri ve gecikmeler ve m\u00fcltecilerin nereden sponsor olabilece\u011f \r\n ine dair artan k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar nedeniyle ele\u015ftirildi. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Kanada <em>M\u00fcl<\/em> teci Politikas\u0131&#39;na<\/a> bak\u0131n.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Yasa, politikay\u0131 \u015fekillendirmede ve y\u0131ll\u0131k g\u00f6\u00e7menlik seviyelerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda kimin rol\u00fc oldu\u011funu geni\u015fletti. Eyalet h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerine, etnik gruplara ve insani yard\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131na federal h\u00fck\u00fcmetle isti\u015fareler yoluyla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin federal g\u00f6\u00e7menlik yetkil \r\n ileri taraf\u0131ndan duyulmas\u0131 f\u0131rsat\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Yasa ayr\u0131ca m\u00fclteci stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ulusal g\u00fcvenlik ve uygulama ile ilgili olarak nas\u0131l belirlendi\u011fini modernize etti. Ve yarg\u0131 yarg\u0131 G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Kurulu&#39;nun (ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 1967&#39;de kurulan), g\u00f6\u00e7menlik \r\n iddialar\u0131 ve temyizleri hakk\u0131ndaki kararlar\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik meseleleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan reddedilemeyecek tamamen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir organ olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1980 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, Kanada&#39;ya giri\u015f i\u00e7in be\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7men s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu: Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z (kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na ba\u015fvuran ki\u015filer); \u0130nsani (m\u00fclteciler ve di\u011fer zul\u00fcm g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f veya yerinden edilmi\u015f ki\u015filer); Aile (Kanada&#39;da ya\u015fayan yak\u0131n \r\n akrabalar); Yard\u0131ml\u0131 Akrabalar (Kanada&#39;daki bir aile \u00fcyesi taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen uzak akrabalar); ve Ekonomik (\u00e7ok arzu edilen istihdama sahip ki\u015filer veya Kanada ekonomisine bir i\u015f a\u00e7mak veya \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak isteyenler).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1990&#39;larda, onlarca y\u0131ll\u0131k yasal ve idari reformdan sonra, g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin \u0131rksal yap\u0131s\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015fiyordu. Asya (\u00f6zellikle \u00c7in, Hindistan ve Filipinler), Kanada&#39;ya g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak Avrupa&#39;n\u0131n yerini ald\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Ekonomik G\u00f6\u00e7 \u00dczerine Vurgu<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>1980&#39;lerde politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar, i\u015f adamlar\u0131n\u0131 ve giri\u015fimcileri Kanada&#39;ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in, ek istihdama f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 yaratmak i\u00e7in y\u00f6netim becerilerini ve finansal sermayelerini getirerek bir program ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. O zamandan beri \r\n bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7men Kanada&#39;ya \u00f6nemli miktarda sermaye ve i\u015f getirdi. Daha fazla g\u00f6\u00e7 olmadan, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kanada&#39;da do\u011furganl\u0131ktaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f \u00f6nemli sosyal zorluklar yaratacakt\u0131r. Daha az \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki Kanadal\u0131yla, artan say\u0131da ya\u015fl\u0131 vatanda\u015f \r\n i\u00e7in sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sosyal programlar\u0131n maliyetini \u00fcstlenmek zor olurdu. G\u00f6\u00e7, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, modern bir ekonominin e\u011fitim ve beceri ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da desteklemektedir. Bu nedenle, Kanada y\u00fcksek vas \r\n \u0131fl\u0131 ve e\u011fitimli g\u00f6\u00e7menleri desteklemeye devam ediyor. 2018&#39;de ekonomik s\u0131n\u0131fa girenler, o y\u0131l kabul edilen toplam 321.035 g\u00f6\u00e7menden 186.352&#39;sini olu\u015fturan en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7men kategorisiydi. Daha az geli\u015fmi\u015f \r\n \u00fclkelerden y\u00fcksek vas\u0131fl\u0131 insanlar\u0131 kabul etme uygulamas\u0131 baz\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalara neden olmaya devam ediyor. Kanada&#39;ya giderek artan say\u0131da g\u00f6\u00e7menin geldi\u011fi geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, kaybetmeyi g\u00f6ze alamayacaklar\u0131 insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc endi\u015feyle de\u011ferlendiriyorlar. Kanada&#39;n\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201csahip \r\n olmayan\u201d b\u00f6lgelerinden e\u011fitimli bireylerin d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmemesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc dile getirilmi\u015f olsa da, Kanada t\u00fcm insanlar i\u00e7in hareket \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kavram\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetle savunuyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Modern G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Politikas\u0131ndaki De\u011fi\u015fiklikler<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri&#39;ne d\u00fczen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\/\">lenen 11 Eyl\u00fcl ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r<\/a> \u0131lar\u0131ndan sonra Kanada, 1976 G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Yasas\u0131n\u0131 <em>G\u00f6\u00e7menlik<\/em> <em>ve M\u00fclteci Koruma Yas<\/em> as\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. \r\n2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren yeni Kanun, \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6\u00e7men s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere bir \u00f6ncekinin ilke ve politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu korudu. Ayr\u0131ca aile s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 cinsiyetten ve ortak hukuk ili\u015fkilerini i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde geni\u015fletti.. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">Kanad <em>a&#39;da<\/em> \r\n Aile Birle\u015fmesine bak\u0131n<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En \u00f6nemlisi, 2001 Yasas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmete g\u00fcvenlik tehdidi oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcphelenilen toprakl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menleri g\u00f6z <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deportation\/\">alt\u0131na almak ve<\/a> s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etmek i\u00e7in daha geni\u015f yetkiler verdi. 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kanada ve ABD, g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin bir \u00fclkeye seyahat vizesi ile girmelerine ve di\u011fer \u00fclkenin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">m\u00fcltec<\/a> i stat\u00fcs\u00fc talep etmelerine izin verme uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Kanada-Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri G\u00fcvenli \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00dclke Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (ST<\/a> CA) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yasak \r\n lad\u0131. \r\nAncak bu politika, ABD&#39;nin g\u00f6\u00e7le ilgili daha d\u00fc\u015fmanca yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle ABD&#39;nin g\u00f6\u00e7menler i\u00e7in \u201cg\u00fcvenli bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclke\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden bir\u00e7ok ele\u015ftirmenle ele\u015ftirildi. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Kanada <em>M\u00fcl<\/em> teci Politikas\u0131&#39;na<\/a> bak\u0131n.) Baz\u0131 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/asylum-seekers-in-canada\">s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar, Kanad<\/a> a&quot;ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma talebinde bulunmak i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irregular-immigration\">d\u00fczensiz s\u0131n\u0131r ge\u00e7i\u015fleri yaparak STCA&quot;<\/a> \r\n y\u0131 atlad\u0131. 2023&#39;te anla\u015fma bu bo\u015flu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in yeniden m\u00fczakere edildi.<\/p>","slug":"gocmenliktrpolitrikasi","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"tr","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-17T17:16:05.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-17T17:16:05.000000Z"},{"id":"9da5e6e5-dfe3-4877-a04d-c07f239a4548","article_id":"72064","title":"Immigration Policy in Canada [\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56]","summary":"<p>\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u63a7\u5236\u8c01\u6765\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b9a\u5c45\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u8054\u90a6\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e3a\u589e\u52a0\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u5b9a\u5c45\u571f\u5730\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63d0\u4f9b\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u8d44\u672c\r\n\u800c\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u8fd8\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u53cd\u6620\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6001\u5ea6\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u9650\u5236\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u96be\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5168\u957f\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u9605\u8bfb\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy-in-canada-plain-language-article\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u901a\u4fd7\u8bed\u8a00\u6458\u8981\uff09<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"\u8377\u5170\u79fb\u6c11\u62b5\u8fbe\u9b41\u5317\u514b\" alt=\"\u8377\u5170\u79fb\u6c11\u62b5\u8fbe\u9b41\u5317\u514b\">\r\n\t<figcaption>1947\u5e746\u6708<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u8c01\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u8d1f\u8d23\uff1f<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u81ea<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/a>\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\/\">\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u90e8\u95e8\u6216\u673a\u6784\u4e00\u76f4\u8d1f\u8d23\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\uff1a\r\n\u77ff\u4e1a\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u90e8\uff081936-1949\uff09\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\uff081950\u201466\u30011992-2016\uff09\u3001\u4eba\u529b\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\uff081966-77\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff081977\u20141992\uff09\u3002\u81ea2016\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u4e3b\u8981\r\n\u7531\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u96be\u6c11\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u90e8\uff08IRCC\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/constitution-act-1867\/\"><em>\u82f1\u56fd\u5317\u7f8e\u6cd5\u300b<\/em><\/a>\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u8d23\u4efb\u7531<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">\u7701<\/a>\u548c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5206\u62c5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6e25\u592a\u534e\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7740\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f\u7b56\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4ee5\u6765<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\/\">\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u7701<\/a>\u30011960\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\/\">\u9b41\u5317\u514b<\/a>\u7701\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea2010\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7701<\/a>\u4e00\u76f4\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u622a\u81f32017\u5e74\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7701\u4efd\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/territorial-government\/\">\u5730\u533a<\/a>\u90fd\u4e0e\u6e25\u592a\u534e\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u62db\u52df\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u9886\u57df\u884c\u4f7f\u6700\u5927\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u7684\u7701\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/b378b182-e598-4c18-9c63-64a15a547a30.jpg\" title=\"\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u79fb\u6c11\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\" alt=\"\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u79fb\u6c11\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4e8e1968\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u3002\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u62db\u52df\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u8bb2\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u8be5\u7701\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6210\u4e3a\u6cd5\u8bed\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\r\n\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7279\u522b\u79fb\u6c11\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7701\u4efd\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8bb2\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7701\uff08\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u9664\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8ba1\u5212\uff09\u90fd\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u7701\u63d0\u540d\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">\u7701\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u63d0\u540d\r\n\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8be5\u7701\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5404\u7701\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u2014\u2014\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u62db\u52df\u5177\u6709\r\n\u7406\u60f3\u5de5\u4f5c\u6280\u80fd\u6216\u8bed\u8a00\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u5165\u8be5\u7701\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u961f\u4f0d\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u5141\u8bb8\u79fb\u6c11\u5feb\u901f\u529e\u7406\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5165\u5883\u7533\u8bf7\u30022017\u5e74\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7701\u63d0\u540d\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u7ea6\u670951,000\u540d\u79fb\r\n\u6c11\uff08\u603b\u5171\u7ea630\u4e07\u4eba\uff09\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u56e2\u4f53\u5411\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u662f \u201c\u5f00\u653e\u201d \u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9f13\u52b1\u4e86\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5e76\u4e0d\u5411\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5f00\u653e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8<em>\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b<\/em>\u4e8e1869\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u4ee5\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u6b8b\u75be\u4e3a\u7531\u6b67\u89c6\u4eba\u4eec\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u30021885\u5e74\uff0c\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7701\r\n<\/a>\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u9650\u5236<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u4e2d\u56fd<\/a>\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\r\n\u4f8b\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">\u4eba\u5934\u7a0e<\/a>\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">1923\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b<\/a><\/em>\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9488\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u660e\u663e\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u63aa\u65bd\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u56e0\u5176\u79cd\u65cf\u80cc\u666f\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6b67\u89c6\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u76ce\u683c\u9c81\u6492\u514b\u900a\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u5219\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u66f4\u96be\u540c\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u592a\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/391e5809-9f40-4c80-b58a-37d72f8c1b72.jpg\" title=\"\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u79fb\u6c11\" alt=\"\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u79fb\u6c11\">\r\n\t<figcaption>\u4e00\u52191923\u5e74\u5728\u8d1d\u5c14\u6cd5\u65af\u7279\u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e4b\u95f4\u65c5\u884c\u7684 \u201c\u5339\u5179\u5821\u201d \u53f7\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u3002<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff1a\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u9650\u5236<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u57281903\u5e74\u81f31913\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u4ee5\u6b27\u6d32\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6765\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/a>\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u8361\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\uff08<em>\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg-general-strike\">\u6e29\u5c3c\u4f2f\u5927\u7f62\u5de5<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/turks\/\">\u6839\u636e1919\u5e74\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684<em>\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b<\/em>\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7981\u6b62\u67d0\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u56fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5171\u4ea7\u515a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/doukhobors\/\">\u4eba\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\">\u95e8\u8bfa\u6d3e\u6559<\/a>\u5f92\u3001\u675c\u514b\u970d<\/a>\u535a\u5c14\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u5b97\u6559\u4e60\u4fd7\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u56fd\u7c4d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4eba\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4eba\u548c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4eba\u3002<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u5b9e\u884c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u9650\u5236\u30021911\u5e74\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8003\u8651\u7981\u6b62\u9ed1\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u6ca1\u6709\u5151\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5357\r\n\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u9650\u5236\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\">SS Komagata Maru<\/a> \u7684\u4e58\u5ba2\u8d28\u7591\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u548c\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\r\n1939\u5e74\uff0c\u9003\u79bb\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u72b9\u592a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u96be\u6c11<\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">\u56e0\u4e0e<\/a><\/em>\u5176\u72b9\u592a\u80cc\u666f\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u7406\u7531\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u505a\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eZyvg_87e6o\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u6218\u540e\u65f6\u671f\uff1a\u8fc8\u5411\u79ef\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u5f00\u59cb\u7f13\u6162\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u653e\u677e\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff08\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u9700\u6c42\uff09\r\n\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/fd704360-23a5-4333-9dc4-fed52fcc81b8.jpg\" title=\"21 \u53f7\u7801\u5934\" alt=\"21 \u53f7\u7801\u5934\">\r\n\t<figcaption>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4f4d\u4e8e\u65b0\u65af\u79d1\u820d\u7701\u54c8\u5229\u6cd5\u514b\u65af\u768421\u53f7\u7801\u5934\u3002\u7167\u7247\u62cd\u6444\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2013 \u5e74 10 \u6708 11 \u65e5<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>1947 \u5e74\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u7981\u4ee4\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u57281952\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u7684<em>\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b<\/em>\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5bf9\u975e\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u7f8e\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u76f4\u52301962\u5e74\uff0c\u8054\u90a6<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ottawa-ont\/\">\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u624d\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u5236\u5ea6\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u30021967\u5e74\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u79ef\u5206\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6f5c\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u540d\u3002\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u80a4\u8272\u6216\u56fd\u7c4d\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\r\n\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u8bb2\u6cd5\u8bed\u6216\u82f1\u8bed\uff09\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5173\u7cfb\u6210\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c01\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1969\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e861951\u5e74\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/united-nations\/\">\u8054\u5408\u56fd<\/a>\u5173\u4e8e\u96be\u6c11\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u53ca\u5176\u300a1967\u5e74\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66\u300b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u627f\u8ba4<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u96be\u6c11<\/a>\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6ca1\u6709\u5236\u5b9a\u5ba1\u67e5\u96be\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u63aa\u65bd\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u5982\u65e2\u5f80\u5730\u53ea\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u63a5\u7eb3\u96be\u6c11\u3002\uff08<em>\u53c2\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u96be\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3><em>1976 \u5e74\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5<\/em><\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>1975\u5e74\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u653f\u7b56\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u6539\u9769\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u78cb\u5546\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/pierre-elliott-trudeau\/\">\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u7279\u9c81\u591a<\/a>\u603b\u7406\u9886\u5bfc\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/liberal-party\/\">\u81ea\u7531\u515a<\/a>\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8e <em>1976\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u7684\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u4e8e1978\u5e74\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\u3002\u5b83\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4fc3\u8fdb\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\r\n\u4ee5\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a<\/a>\u3001\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u6b67\u89c6\u7b49\u4f18\u5148\u4e8b\u9879\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u8fd8\u4f7f\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\r\n\u90e8\u95e8\u80fd\u591f\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u9002\u5e94\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u8fd8\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u5c06\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u96be\u6c11<\/a>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u5c65\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u534f\u8bae\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef.jpg\" title=\"1979 \u5e74 8 \u6708 CFB Griesbach \u63a5\u5f85\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u96be\u6c11\" alt=\"1979 \u5e74 8 \u6708 CFB Griesbach \u63a5\u5f85\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u96be\u6c11\">\r\n\t<figcaption>\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u987f\u7684\u683c\u91cc\u65af\u5df4\u8d6b\u519b\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u62b5\u8fbe\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>1979\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u79c1\u4eba\u56e2\u4f53\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u65cf\u88d4\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff09\u8d5e\u52a9\u96be\u6c11\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\u5e26\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5e76\u534f\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\r\n\u622a\u81f32017\u5e74\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u8d5e\u52a9\u96be\u6c11\u8ba1\u5212\u5df2\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b89\u7f6e\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc727.5\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5b83\u56e0\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u6587\u4e66\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u5ef6\u8bef\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8d44\u52a9\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u9650\u5236\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\r\n\uff08<em>\u53c2\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u96be\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8be5\u6cd5\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u8c01\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u786e\u5b9a\u5e74\u5ea6\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u4f7f\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u65cf\u88d4\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8ba9\u8054\u90a6\u79fb\u6c11\u5b98\u5458\u542c\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\r\n\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8be5\u6cd5\u8fd8\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u6267\u6cd5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u51c6\u53f8\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08\u6700\u521d\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1967\u5e74\uff09\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u9664\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u52a1\u5916\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a8\u7ffb\u5176\u5173\u4e8e\u79fb\u6c11\r\n\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u4e0a\u8bc9\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u52301980\u5e74\uff0c\u5df2\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e94\u7c7b\u79fb\u6c11\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff1a\u72ec\u7acb\u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u81ea\u5df1\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u4eba\uff09\uff1b\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u96be\u6c11\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u6216\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u7684\u4eba\uff09\uff1b\u5bb6\u5ead\uff08\u6709\u76f4\u7cfb\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff09\uff1b\u53d7\u52a9\r\n\u4eb2\u5c5e\uff08\u8fdc\u4eb2\uff0c\u7531\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u62c5\u4fdd\uff09\uff1b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u613f\u610f\u5f00\u529e\u4f01\u4e1a\u6216\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u884c\u653f\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6784\u6210\u4e5f\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e9a\u6d32\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\uff09\u5df2\u53d6\u4ee3\u6b27\u6d32\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6700\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79fb\u6c11<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5546\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u6b64\u540e\r\n\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u79fb\u6c11\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u5c06\u5e26\u6765\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6311\u6218\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u4e3a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u627f\u62c5\r\n\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5916\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u8fd8\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7ee7\u7eed\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\r\n\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u30022018\u5e74\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8231\u8fdb\u5165\u8005\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5360\u5f53\u5e74\u63a5\u7eb3\u7684321,035\u540d\u79fb\u6c11\u603b\u6570\u4e2d\u7684186,352\u4eba\u3002\u63a5\u7eb3\u6765\u81ea\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\r\n\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f15\u8d77\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u6765\u81ea\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u627f\u53d7\u4e0d\u8d77\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5916\u6d41\u611f\u5230\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4eba\u8868\u793a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e0d\u5e94\u9f13\u52b1\u53d7\u8fc7\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\r\n\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c2001\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d8\u7559\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deportation\/\">\u9a71\u9010<\/a>\u6d89\u5acc\u6784\u6210\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u767b\u9646\u79fb\u6c11\u30022004\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7981\u6b62\r\n\u5141\u8bb8\u79fb\u6c11\u6301\u65c5\u884c\u7b7e\u8bc1\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927-\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b89\u5168\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u534f\u8bae\u300b\uff08STCA\uff09\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684<\/a>\u8fb9\u5883\u7533\u8bf7<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u96be\u6c11<\/a>\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\r\n\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u653f\u7b56\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u662f\u79fb\u6c11\u7684 \u201c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u66f4\u52a0\u654c\u5bf9\u3002\uff08<em>\u53c2\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u96be\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u3002\uff09\u4e00\u4e9b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/asylum-seekers-in-canada\">\u5bfb\u6c42\r\n\u5e87\u62a4\u8005<\/a>\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4e86STCA\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irregular-immigration\">\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u8fc7\u5883\u70b9<\/a>\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7533\u8bf7\r\n\u5e87\u62a4\u30022023 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[\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56]","summary":"<p>\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u904e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u6cd5\u898f\u63a7\u5236\u8ab0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b89\u5b9a\u5c45\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u806f\u5408\u6703\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u4e00\u76f4\u91dd\u5c0d\u589e\u52a0\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5b9a\u5c45\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u63d0\u4f9b\u52de\u52d5\u529b\r\n\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u8cc7\u672c\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u4ea6\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u53cd\u6620\u7576\u6642\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u614b\u5ea6\u6216\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u5c0e\u81f4\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u9ad4\u9020\u6210\u6b67\u8996\u6027\u9650\u5236\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u96e3\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uff08\u9019\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5168\u9577\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u95b1\u8b80\u666e\u901a\u8a9e\u8a00\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy-in-canada-plain-language-article\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u666e\u901a\u8a9e\u8a00\u6458\u8981\uff09<\/a>\u3002<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"\u8377\u862d\u79fb\u6c11\u62b5\u9054\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\" alt=\"\u8377\u862d\u79fb\u6c11\u62b5\u9054\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\">\r\n\t<figcaption>\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u5e74\u516d\u6708<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u8ab0\u8ca0\u8cac\u79fb\u6c11\uff1f<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u81ea\u7b2c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230<\/a>\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5e7e\u500b\u806f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\/\">\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u90e8\u9580\u6216\u6a5f\u69cb\u8ca0\u8cac\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\uff1a\r\n\u7926\u696d\u548c\u8cc7\u6e90\u90e8\uff081936-1949\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\uff081950\u201466\uff0c1992-2016\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u529b\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\uff081966-77\uff09\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c31\u696d\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff081977\u20141992\uff09\u3002\u81ea 2016 \u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u79fb\r\n\u6c11\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u96e3\u6c11\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff08IRCC\uff09\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6839\u64da<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/constitution-act-1867\/\"><em>\u82f1\u570b\u5317\u7f8e\u6cd5\u6848<\/em><\/a>\uff0c\u653f\u5236\u79fb\u6c11\u8cac\u4efb\u5206\u70ba<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u548c<\/a>\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6e25\u592a\u83ef\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e3b\u5c0e\u9019\u500b\u653f\u7b56\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\/\">\u5b89\u5927\u7565<\/a>\u81ea\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\/\">\u9b41\u5317\u514b<\/a>\u81ea 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea 2010 \u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u5217<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">\u985b\u54e5<\/a>\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u7701\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u622a\u81f3 2017 \u5e74\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7701\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u5340<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/territorial-government\/\">\u8207<\/a>\u6e25\u592a\u83ef\u90fd\u6709\u5354\u8b70\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u4ed6\u5011\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u793e\u6703\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u9700\u6c42\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u62db\u52df\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\u662f\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u9818\u57df\u767c\u63ee\u6700\u5927\u81ea\u6cbb\u6b0a\u7684\u7701\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/b378b182-e598-4c18-9c63-64a15a547a30.jpg\" title=\"\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\" alt=\"\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u65bc 1968 \u5e74\u5275\u5efa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u9580\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95dc\u6ce8\u662f\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u5730\u62db\u52df\u6cd5\u8a9e\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u8a72\u7701\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u5b9a\u5c45\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6210\u70ba\u6cd5\u8a9e\u793e\u5340\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\r\n\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7c3d\u8a02\u7279\u5225\u79fb\u6c11\u5354\u8b70\u7684\u7701\u4efd\u3002\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u53c3\u8207\u589e\u52a0\u524d\u5f80\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u6cd5\u8a9e\u79fb\u6c11\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7701\u4efd\uff08\u9664\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u8a08\u5283\uff09\u90fd\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7701\u7d1a\u63d0\u540d\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u5141\u8a31<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">\u7701\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u63d0\u540d\r\n\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u8a72\u7701\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u8a08\u5283\u56e0\u7701\u4efd\u800c\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u5169\u500b\u76ee\u6a19 \u2014 \u4fc3\u9032\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u62db\u52df\u5177\u6709\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5de5\r\n\u4f5c\u6280\u80fd\u6216\u8a9e\u8a00\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u5165\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8a08\u5283\u5141\u8a31\u79fb\u6c11\u5feb\u901f\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4ed6\u5011\u9032\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u7533\u8acb\u3002\u9810\u8a08\u5728 2017 \u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u7d04 51,000 \u540d\u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u7e3d\u5171\u7d04 30 \u842c\u4eba\uff09\u5c07\u901a\u904e\u7701\u7d1a\u63d0\r\n\u540d\u8a08\u5283\u6210\u70ba\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>19 \u4e16\u7d00\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5728 19 \u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u5718\u9ad4\u524d\u5f80\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u300c\u958b\u9580\u300d\u653f\u7b56\u9f13\u52f5\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u897f\u90e8\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb<\/a>\u6c11\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e26\u975e\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u958b\u653e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b<em>\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5<\/em>\u65bc 1869 \u5e74\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u968e\u7d1a\u548c\u6b98\u75be\u800c\u6b67\u8996\u4eba\u5011\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u6027\u30021885 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u5217<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">\u985b\r\n\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u7701<\/a>\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5be6\u65bd\u4e86\u9650\u5236<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u4e2d\u570b<\/a>\r\n\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">\u982d\u7a05<\/a>\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u662f <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">1923 \u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5<\/a><\/em>\u3002\r\n\u9019\u4e9b\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u660e\u78ba\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u63aa\u65bd\u6301\u7e8c\u76f4\u5230 1940 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u56e0\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u80cc\u666f\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6b67\u8996\uff1a\u4f86\u81ea\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5b89\u683c\u9b6f\u85a9\u514b\u905c\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6700\u5408\u9069\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u548c\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u66f4\u96e3\u540c\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u592a\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/391e5809-9f40-4c80-b58a-37d72f8c1b72.jpg\" title=\"\u611b\u723e\u862d\u79fb\u6c11\" alt=\"\u611b\u723e\u862d\u79fb\u6c11\">\r\n\t<figcaption>1923 \u5e74\u7684\u300c\u5339\u8332\u5821\u300d\u5ee3\u544a\uff0c\u8a72\u5ee3\u544a\u5728\u8c9d\u723e\u6cd5\u65af\u7279\u5317\u611b\u723e\u862d\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e4b\u9593\u65c5\u884c\u3002<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>20 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\uff1a\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u9650\u5236<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5728 1903 \u5e74\u81f3 1913 \u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6b50\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u4f86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230<\/a>\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u6cbb\u52d5\u4e82\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u554f\u984c\uff08<em>\u898b<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg-general-strike\">\u6eab\u5c3c\u4f2f\u7e3d\u7f77<\/a>\u5de5\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c\u5be6\u65bd\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/turks\/\">\u6839\u64da 1919 \u5e74\u7684\u4fee\u8a02\u7684\u79fb<em>\u6c11\u6cd5<\/em>\u6848\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u9032\u5165\u8a72\u570b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u9580\u8afe\u4eba\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/doukhobors\/\">\u675c<\/a>\u79d1\u535a\u723e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u5b97\u6559\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u671f\u9593\u66fe\u8207\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4f5c\u6230\u7684\u570b\u7c4d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5967\u5730\u5229\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4eba\u548c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4eba<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">\u3002<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u9084\u6839\u64da\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5be6\u65bd\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u9650\u5236\u30021911 \u5e74\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8003\u616e\u7981\u6b62\u9ed1\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7d42\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u300220 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u5c0d\u5357\r\n\u4e9e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u95dc\u6ce8\u9019\u4e9b\u6b67\u8996\u6027\u548c\u7368\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\">\u7684 SS \u99d2\u5f62\u4e38\u7684\u4e58\u5ba2\u7684<\/a>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0\u3002\r\n1939 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">\u8056\u8def\u6613<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u65af<\/a> MS \u4e0a\u9003\u96e2\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u7336\u592a\u96e3\u6c11\u56e0\u8207\u4ed6<\/a><\/em>\u5011\u7336\u592a\u80cc\u666f\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u7406\u7531\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u9032\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u6b67\u8996\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u505a\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u6301\u7e8c\u5230 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u65ec\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eZyvg_87e6o\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u6230\u5f8c\u6642\u671f\uff1a\u9081\u5411\u7a4d\u5206\u7cfb\u7d71<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u9650\u5236\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u958b\u59cb\u7de9\u6162\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u7de9\u89e3\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u84ec\u52c3\uff08\u548c\u5c0d\u52de\u52d5\u9700\u6c42\uff09\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\r\n\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/fd704360-23a5-4333-9dc4-fed52fcc81b8.jpg\" title=\"21 \u865f\u78bc\u982d\" alt=\"21 \u865f\u78bc\u982d\">\r\n\t<figcaption>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u535a\u7269\u9928\u4f4d\u65bc\u65b0\u65af\u79d1\u820d\u7701\u54c8\u5229\u6cd5\u514b\u65af 21 \u865f\u78bc\u982d\u3002\u7167\u7247\u62cd\u651d\u65bc\u4e8c\u96f6\u4e00\u4e09\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u5341\u4e00\u65e5<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>1947 \u5e74\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u7981\u4ee4\u7d42\u6b62\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c1952 \u5e74\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u79fb\u6c11<em>\u6cd5\u7dad\u6301<\/em>\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c0d\u975e\u6b50\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u7f8e\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u76f4\u5230 1962 \u5e74\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u624d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ottawa-ont\/\">\u7d42<\/a>\u6b62\u4e86\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u4f5c\u70ba\u79fb\u6c11\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\u30021967 \u5e74\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7a4d\u5206\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6f5b\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u8cc7\u683c\u9032\u884c\u6392\u540d\u3002\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u984f\u8272\u6216\u570b\u7c4d\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\r\n\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u8aaa\u6cd5\u8a9e\u6216\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u95dc\u4fc2\u6210\u70ba\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ab0\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1969 \u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7c3d\u7f72\u4e86 1951 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/united-nations\/\">\u5e74\u6709\u95dc<\/a>\u96e3\u6c11\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u806f\u5408\u570b\u516c\u7d04\u53ca\u5176 1967 \u5e74\u5354\u8b70\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u8a8d\u70ba\u96e3<\/a>\u6c11\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u79fb\u6c11\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u4f46\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5236\u5b9a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u4f86\u5be9\u67e5\u96e3\u6c11\u7533\u8acb \u2014\u2014 \u7e7c\u7e8c\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u53ea\u6703\u6309\u500b\u5225\u60c5\u6cc1\u63a5\u53d7\u96e3\u6c11\u3002(\u8acb<em>\u53c3\u95b1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u96e3\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u3002)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3><em>1976 \u5e74\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5<\/em><\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>1975 \u5e74\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u653f\u7b56\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u7406\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u5927\u91cf\u8aee\u8a62\u5f8c\uff0c\u7e3d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/liberal-party\/\">\u7406\u76ae<\/a>\u57c3\u723e\u00b7\u7279\u9b6f\u591a\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/pierre-elliott-trudeau\/\">\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f<\/a>\u5e9c\u901a\u904e\u4e86 <em>1976 \u5e74\u7684\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11<\/em>\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8a72\u6cd5\u6848\u65bc 1978 \u5e74\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u662f\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5fb9\u5e95\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u5b83\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u8a02\u7acb\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4fc3\u9032\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7d71\u8a08\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6587\u5316\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\r\n\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bb6\u5ead\u5718\u805a\u3001\u591a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u5143\u5316\u548c<\/a>\u4e0d\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u512a\u5148\u4e8b\u9805\u3002\u8a72\u6cd5\u6848\u9084\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u5c64\u7d1a\u548c\u5fd7\u9858\u8005\u90e8\u9580\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\r\n\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u65b0\u4eba\u9069\u61c9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u6703\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u8a72\u6cd5\u6848\u4e5f\u9996\u6b21\u5c07\u96e3\u6c11\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\r\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u7d44\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u5c65\u884c\u5176\u5728\u570b\u969b\u5354\u8b70\u4e0b\u5c0d\u96e3\u6c11\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u3002<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef.jpg\" title=\"1979 \u5e74 8 \u6708\u5728\u683c\u91cc\u65af\u5df4\u8d6b\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u63a5\u5f85\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u96e3\u6c11\" alt=\"1979 \u5e74 8 \u6708\u5728\u683c\u91cc\u65af\u5df4\u8d6b\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u63a5\u5f85\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u96e3\u6c11\">\r\n\t<figcaption>\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u9813\u7684\u683c\u91cc\u65af\u5df4\u8d6b\u8ecd\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u96e3\u6c11\u5230\u9054\u9ede\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>1979 \u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u4e00\u9805\u7368\u7279\u7684\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u79c1\u4eba\u5718\u9ad4\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6559\u6703\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u793e\u5340\u7d44\u7e54\uff09\u8d0a\u52a9\u96e3\u6c11\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u5e36\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4f5c\u70ba\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u4e26\u5e6b\u52a9\u4ed6\u5011\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u3002\u622a\u81f3 \r\n 2017 \u5e74\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u8d0a\u52a9\u96e3\u6c11\u8a08\u5283\u5df2\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b89\u5c45\u8d85\u904e 275,000 \u4eba\uff0c\u8d85\u904e\u653f\u5e9c\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u8a72\u8a08\u5283\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u5b83\u56e0\u70ba\u7e41\u7463\u7684\u6587\u66f8\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u5ef6\u9072\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u96e3\u6c11\u53ef\u4ee5\r\n\u5f9e\u54ea\u88e1\u7372\u5f97\u8cc7\u52a9\u7684\u9650\u5236\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002(\u8acb<em>\u53c3\u95b1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u96e3\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u3002)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8a72\u6cd5\u6848\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u8ab0\u5728\u5851\u9020\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u78ba\u5b9a\u5e74\u5ea6\u79fb\u6c11\u6c34\u5e73\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u70ba\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u548c\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d44\u7e54\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u8207\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8aee\u8a62\uff0c\u8b93\u806f\u90a6\u79fb\u6c11\r\n\u5b98\u54e1\u807d\u898b\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8a72\u6cd5\u6848\u9084\u5c07\u96e3\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u57f7\u6cd5\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u78ba\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u3002\u4e26\u8a02\u660e\uff0c\u6e96\u53f8\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff08\u6700\u521d\u65bc 1967 \u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff09\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u5168\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u5176\u5c0d\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u7d22\u548c\u4e0a\r\n\u8a34\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7d55\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u95dc\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5230 1980 \u5e74\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e94\u7a2e\u79fb\u6c11\u4f86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff1a\u7368\u7acb\uff08\u81ea\u5df1\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\uff09\uff1b\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u96e3\u6c11\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u6216\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\u4eba\uff09\uff1b\u5bb6\u5ead\uff08\u5df2\u7d93\u5c45\u65bc\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u76f4\u89aa\uff09\uff1b\u8f14\u52a9\r\n\u89aa\u5c6c\uff08\u7531\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u54e1\u8d0a\u52a9\uff09\uff1b\u7d93\u6fdf\uff08\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5c31\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u9858\u610f\u958b\u5c55\u696d\u52d9\u6216\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5230\u4e86 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u884c\u653f\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u7d44\u6210\u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u4e9e\u6d32\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\uff09\u5df2\u53d6\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4f86\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u91cd\u8996\u7d93\u6fdf\u79fb\u6c11<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5728 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u5546\u4eba\u548c\u4f01\u696d\u5bb6\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u8ca1\u52d9\u8cc7\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5c31\u696d\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u6b64\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a31\r\n\u591a\u79fb\u6c11\u70ba\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u91d1\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c21 \u4e16\u7d00\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\u5c07\u6703\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6311\u6230\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e74\u9f61\u4eba\u6578\u8f03\u5c11\uff0c\u5c0d\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u9577\u8005\r\n\u4eba\u6578\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u627f\u64d4\u91ab\u7642\u548c\u793e\u6703\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u9084\u88dc\u5145\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7e7c\u7e8c\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\r\n\u548c\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5728 2018 \u5e74\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u968e\u7d1a\u5165\u5883\u8005\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u7576\u5e74\u9304\u5f97\u7684 321,035 \u500b\u79fb\u6c11\u7e3d\u6578\u4e2d\u7684 186,352 \u4eba\u3002\u63a5\u7d0d\u4f86\u81ea\u8f03\u4f4e\u767c\u9054\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u7e7c\r\n\u7e8c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e00\u4e9b\u722d\u8b70\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6578\u91cf\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u64d4\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u8ca0\u64d4\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u4eba\u6d41\u96e2\u5883\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\r\n\u4e0d\u61c9\u9f13\u52f5\u5f9e\u4e16\u754c\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u300d\u5730\u5340\u6d41\u51fa\u53d7\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4f46\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5805\u5b9a\u5730\u5b88\u8b77\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u52d5\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u73fe\u4ee3\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8b8a\u5316<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>2001 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\/\">9 \u6708 11 \u65e5\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u767c\u751f\u6050\u6016\u8972<\/a>\u64ca\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7528\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u96e3<em>\u6c11<\/em><em>\u4fdd\u8b77\u6cd5\u6848\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86 1976 \u5e74\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5<\/em>\u3002\r\n\u65b0\u6cd5\u6848\u65bc\u4e8c\u96f6\u96f6\u4e8c\u5e74\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u539f\u5247\u548c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u540c\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5b83\u9084\u5c07\u5bb6\u5ead\u968e\u7d1a\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u6027\u548c\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002(\u8acb<em>\u53c3\u95b1\r\n<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u7d71\u4e00\u3002<\/a>)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c2001 \u5e74\u6cd5\u6848\u8ce6\u4e88\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u62d8\u7559\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deportation\/\">\u9a45\u9010\u61f7\u7591<\/a>\u70ba\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u8105\u7684\u9678\u5730\u79fb\u6c11\u30022004 \u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u7981\r\n\u6b62\u901a\u904e\u52a0<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">\u62ff\u5927-\u7f8e\u570b\u5b89\u5168\u7b2c\u4e09\u570b\u5354\u8b70\uff08STCA\uff09\u5141\u8a31\u79fb\u6c11\u4ee5\u65c5\u884c\u7c3d\u8b49\u9032\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u908a\u5883\u7533\u8acb<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u96e3<\/a>\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7684<\/a>\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\r\n\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u653f\u7b56\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6279\u8a55\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u5c0d\u79fb\u6c11\u800c\u8a00\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u570b\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u5c0d\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u5177\u6575\u610f\u7fa9\u3002(\u8acb<em>\u53c3\u95b1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u96e3\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u3002)\u4e00\u4e9b\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/asylum-seekers-in-canada\">\u5c0b\u6c42\u5e87<\/a>\u8b77\u8005\u901a\u904e\u4e0d\u5b9a\u671f\u904e\u5883\u4ee5\u5728\u52a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irregular-immigration\">\u62ff\u5927\u7533\u8acb\u5e87\u8b77\u800c<\/a>\u7565\u904e STCA \r\n\u30022023 \u5e74\uff0c\u8a72\u5354\u8b70\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u8ac7\u5224\uff0c\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u9019\u500b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"zh-TW","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-29T22:40:35.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-29T22:40:35.000000Z"}],"widgets":[],"links":[{"id":"9da7b0f4-dd95-4ed8-a111-084aeca370fb","article_id":"72064","body":"<p>\r\n\t <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pier21.ca\/home\"><strong>Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21<\/strong><\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pier21.ca\/home\"><strong><\/strong>The website for a museum devoted to history of Pier 21 in Halifax, once the primary point of entry for immigration to Canada. Check out the virtual exhibits, lesson plans, and online copies of \"The Passport\" newsletter.<\/a>\r\n<\/p>","locale":"en"},{"id":"9da7b0f4-e0db-4961-842c-f3eee625af3b","article_id":"72064","body":"<p>\r\n\t <a href=\"http:\/\/passagestocanada.com\/\"><strong>PASSAGES TO CANADA<\/strong><\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t <a href=\"http:\/\/passagestocanada.com\/\"><strong><\/strong>Immigrants to Canada from around the world have encountered many hardships, opportunities, and successes as they set out to establish a better life for themselves and their families in their adopted country. Listen to some of their personal stories at the \"Passages to Canada\" website. From Historica Canada. <\/a>\r\n<\/p>","locale":"en"},{"id":"9da7b0f4-e402-4437-a8af-c1d2c39160f7","article_id":"72064","body":"<p>\r\n\t <a href=\"http:\/\/passagestocanada.com\/fr\/?\"><strong>PASSAGES VERS LE CANADA<\/strong>Les immigrants au Canada ont rencontr\u00e9 de nombreuses difficult\u00e9s, des possibilit\u00e9s et des r\u00e9ussites o\u00f9 ils s'appr\u00eatent \u00e0 mettre en place une vie meilleure pour eux et leurs familles dans leur pays d'adoption. \u00c9couter certains de leurs histoires personnelles \u00e0 des \u00abPassages vers le Canada\" site web de Historica Canada. <\/a>\r\n<\/p>","locale":"fr"},{"id":"9da7b0f4-e71a-4fe5-81b3-cde34cf29374","article_id":"72064","body":"<p>\r\n\t <a href=\"http:\/\/www.quai21.ca\/accueil\/\"><strong>Mus\u00e9e canadien de l\u0092immigration du Quai 21 <\/strong>Site Web du Mus\u00e9e canadien de l\u0092immigration du Quai 21.<\/a>\r\n<\/p>","locale":"fr"}],"recommended_readings":[{"id":"9da7b0f4-da71-40f2-88ab-c217858bf65d","article_id":"72064","body":"<p>\r\n\t<span style=\"background-color: initial;\">Jamie Chai Yun Liew and Donald Galloway, <\/span><em style=\"background-color: initial;\">Immigration Law<\/em><span style=\"background-color: initial;\">, 2nd ed (2015).<\/span>\r\n<\/p>","locale":"en"}],"tags":[{"id":"163870b5-46fe-4784-971c-46cc3195b15d","created_at":"2019-05-08T15:15:37.000000Z","updated_at":"2019-05-08T15:15:37.000000Z","title":"immigration","slug":"immigration","pivot":{"taggable_id":"72064","tag_id":"163870b5-46fe-4784-971c-46cc3195b15d","taggable_type":"App\\Models\\Article"},"translations":[{"id":"d79c28bf-1495-4c75-8e9d-3d522dd7812c","tag_id":"163870b5-46fe-4784-971c-46cc3195b15d","title":"immigration","slug":"immigration","locale":"en"},{"id":"1b7aa582-21b4-4690-985c-0ca149b3456e","tag_id":"163870b5-46fe-4784-971c-46cc3195b15d","title":"immigration","slug":"immigration","locale":"fr"}]},{"id":"692e64ec-ec3b-4018-a345-aeb46b37a133","created_at":"2019-05-13T18:23:14.000000Z","updated_at":"2019-05-13T18:23:14.000000Z","title":"Loi de l'immigration chinoise","slug":"loi-de-l-immigration-chinoise","pivot":{"taggable_id":"72064","tag_id":"692e64ec-ec3b-4018-a345-aeb46b37a133","taggable_type":"App\\Models\\Article"},"translations":[{"id":"b50380a5-b05e-4085-ab6a-e92051f0c934","tag_id":"692e64ec-ec3b-4018-a345-aeb46b37a133","title":"Chinese Immigration Act","slug":"chinese-immigration-act","locale":"en"},{"id":"1aa8dbe9-e440-4ee7-a5f9-222e8efb0640","tag_id":"692e64ec-ec3b-4018-a345-aeb46b37a133","title":"Loi de l'immigration chinoise","slug":"loi-de-l-immigration-chinoise","locale":"fr"}]},{"id":"fca5be36-3a9d-4966-b350-58a1f7873f48","created_at":"2019-05-08T14:09:44.000000Z","updated_at":"2019-05-08T14:09:44.000000Z","title":"\u00e9conomie","slug":"economie","pivot":{"taggable_id":"72064","tag_id":"fca5be36-3a9d-4966-b350-58a1f7873f48","taggable_type":"App\\Models\\Article"},"translations":[{"id":"7ae5f563-57cf-41d0-98d3-ea3a6cbbf55a","tag_id":"fca5be36-3a9d-4966-b350-58a1f7873f48","title":"economy","slug":"economy","locale":"en"},{"id":"c98db91b-51cd-49d8-99c4-7cc9baead4d1","tag_id":"fca5be36-3a9d-4966-b350-58a1f7873f48","title":"\u00e9conomie","slug":"economie","locale":"fr"}]},{"id":"fe688cd5-6b91-4865-b96c-ae379cf3abdc","created_at":"2019-01-07T19:57:19.000000Z","updated_at":"2019-01-07T19:57:19.000000Z","title":"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s","slug":"refugies","pivot":{"taggable_id":"72064","tag_id":"fe688cd5-6b91-4865-b96c-ae379cf3abdc","taggable_type":"App\\Models\\Article"},"translations":[{"id":"57fa1301-194a-4935-b7a5-9460e6d64310","tag_id":"fe688cd5-6b91-4865-b96c-ae379cf3abdc","title":"Refugees","slug":"refugees","locale":"en"},{"id":"b0bf56ca-77b1-4487-ba31-0690dcb5eeb0","tag_id":"fe688cd5-6b91-4865-b96c-ae379cf3abdc","title":"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s","slug":"refugies","locale":"fr"}]}],"sponsors":[],"translation":{"id":"220edded-a331-46d3-80a2-b819064f8b8b","article_id":"72064","title":"Politique d\u2019immigration au Canada","summary":"<p>La politique d\u2019immigration est la fa\u00e7on dont le gouvernement contr\u00f4le, par des lois et des r\u00e8glements, qui peut venir s\u2019installer au Canada. Depuis la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration, la politique d\u2019immigration a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour accro\u00eetre la population, coloniser le pays\r\n\tet fournir de la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre et du capital financier \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie. La politique d\u2019immigration a \u00e9galement tendance \u00e0 refl\u00e9ter les attitudes raciales ou les pr\u00e9occupations de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale de l\u2019\u00e9poque, ce qui a \u00e9galement conduit \u00e0 des restrictions\r\n\tdiscriminatoires \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de certains groupes de migrants. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies\">Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(Ceci est l'article int\u00e9gral sur la politique d'immigration au Canada. Si vous souhaitez lire un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple, veuillez consulter <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-d-immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">Politique d'immigration au Canada (r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple)<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"Des immigrants hollandais arrivent \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Des immigrants hollandais arrivent \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Les facteurs qui sous-tendent la politique d\u2019immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Historiquement, la politique d\u2019immigration au Canada est principalement motiv\u00e9e par un d\u00e9sir de croissance d\u00e9mographique et de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique. Toutefois, le Canada admet \u00e9galement de nombreux <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>\tpour des raisons humanitaires.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1870, juste apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/confederation\/\">Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/a>, la population totale du Canada est de 3,6 millions d\u2019habitants. Outre les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">peuples autochtones<\/a>\t(environ 102 000 en 1870), les deux plus grands groupes de colons blancs sont les Canadiens fran\u00e7ais (1 million) et les Britanniques (2,1 millions). Avec une population aussi peu nombreuse et de vastes \u00e9tendues de territoire non colonis\u00e9, l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\/\">immigration<\/a>\test consid\u00e9r\u00e9e, dans les d\u00e9cennies qui suivent la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration, comme un moyen essentiel de d\u00e9velopper le pays et son \u00e9conomie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours du si\u00e8cle et demi suivant, la population du Canada se multiplie, pour atteindre plus de 35 millions d\u2019habitants en 2016, en grande partie gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019immigration. Au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, alors que le taux de natalit\u00e9 du Canada a diminu\u00e9,\r\n\tl\u2019immigration repr\u00e9sente la majeure partie de la croissance d\u00e9mographique. Sur les 6 millions d\u2019habitants qui s\u2019ajoutent \u00e0 la population du Canada entre 1996 et 2016, les deux tiers (4 millions de personnes) \u2013 sont des immigrants. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">Immigration au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Qui est responsable de l\u2019immigration?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Plusieurs minist\u00e8res ou agences du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/federal-government\/\">gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/a> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 responsables de la politique d\u2019immigration depuis la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>\u00a0:\r\n\tle minist\u00e8re des Mines et des Ressources (1936-1949), le minist\u00e8re de la Citoyennet\u00e9 et de l\u2019Immigration (1950-1966, 1992-2016), le minist\u00e8re de la Main-d\u2019\u0153uvre et de l\u2019Immigration (1966-1977) et la Commission de l\u2019emploi et de l\u2019immigration du Canada\r\n\t(1977-1992). Depuis 2016, l\u2019immigration est principalement sous la responsabilit\u00e9 du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Immigration, des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de la Citoyennet\u00e9 (IRCC).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En vertu de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/constitution-act-1867\/\"><em>Acte de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord britannique<\/em><\/a>, la responsabilit\u00e9 constitutionnelle de l\u2019immigration est r\u00e9partie entre les gouvernements <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/provincial-government\/\">provinciaux<\/a>\tet f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Cependant, pendant la plus grande partie de l\u2019histoire du Canada, Ottawa domine ce domaine politique, bien que l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ontario\/\">Ontario<\/a> depuis la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale, le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\/\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>\tdepuis le milieu des ann\u00e9es 1960 et la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/british-columbia\/\">Colombie-Britannique<\/a> depuis 2010, se pr\u00e9occupent particuli\u00e8rement de l\u2019immigration. Depuis 2017, toutes les provinces et certains\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/territorial-government\/\">territoires<\/a> ont conclu des accords avec Ottawa leur permettant de s\u00e9lectionner et de recruter des immigrants en fonction de leurs besoins sociaux et \u00e9conomiques.\r\n\tLe Qu\u00e9bec est cependant de loin la province qui exerce le plus d\u2019autonomie en mati\u00e8re de politique d\u2019immigration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/b378b182-e598-4c18-9c63-64a15a547a30.jpg\" title=\"Personnel d'immigration, Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Personnel d'immigration, Qu\u00e9bec\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Qu\u00e9bec cr\u00e9e son propre minist\u00e8re de l\u2019immigration en 1968. Ses principales pr\u00e9occupations sont de recruter le plus grand nombre possible d\u2019immigrants francophones dans la province, et de s\u2019assurer que les immigrants qui s\u2019installent au Qu\u00e9bec font\r\n\tpartie de la communaut\u00e9 francophone. Le Qu\u00e9bec est la premi\u00e8re province \u00e0 conclure un accord sp\u00e9cial en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration avec le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral est \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9 dans la t\u00e2che d\u2019augmenter le nombre d\u2019immigrants\r\n\tfrancophones au Canada. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">Politique d\u2019immigration du Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, chaque province (\u00e0 l\u2019exception du Qu\u00e9bec, qui a son propre programme similaire) a mis en place un programme de d\u00e9signation des candidats des provinces, permettant aux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/provincial-government\/\">gouvernements provinciaux<\/a>\tde d\u00e9signer des candidats immigrants sp\u00e9cifiques, avec l\u2019exigence qu\u2019ils r\u00e9sident pendant un certain temps dans cette province. Bien que les programmes varient d\u2019une province \u00e0 l\u2019autre, ils ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement deux objectifs\u00a0: stimuler la croissance\r\n\td\u00e9mographique et recruter des immigrants ayant des comp\u00e9tences professionnelles ou linguistiques souhaitables au sein de la population active d\u2019une province. Certains programmes permettent aux immigrants d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le traitement de leur demande d\u2019entr\u00e9e\r\n\tau Canada. Environ 51 000 immigrants (sur un total d\u2019environ 300 000) sont devenus r\u00e9sidents permanents au Canada en 2017 gr\u00e2ce aux programmes de d\u00e9signation des candidats des provinces.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>L\u2019immigration au Canada au 19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Au 19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, le mouvement des individus et des groupes vers le Canada est largement libre. Cette politique de \u00ab\u00a0portes ouvertes\u00a0\u00bb encourage surtout l\u2019immigration blanche au Canada et notamment la colonisation de l\u2019Ouest canadien.\r\n\t(<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">Immigration au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada n\u2019est cependant pas ouvert \u00e0 tous. La premi\u00e8re <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em>, adopt\u00e9e en 1869, \u00e9tablit une discrimination sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des personnes en raison de leur classe sociale et de leur handicap. L\u2019immigration est \u00e9galement discriminatoire\r\n\tsur la base de la race. En 1885, sous la pression de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/british-columbia\/\">Colombie-Britannique<\/a>, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral impose des politiques visant \u00e0 restreindre l\u2019immigration <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">chinoise<\/a>,\r\n\tcomme une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">taxe d\u2019entr\u00e9e<\/a> et, plus tard, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\"><em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration chinoise<\/em> de 1923<\/a>.\r\n\tCes mesures explicitement racistes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des Chinois se poursuivent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es1940.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>M\u00eame les migrants blancs sont discrimin\u00e9s sur la base de leur origine ethnique\u00a0: les colons anglo-saxons de Grande-Bretagne et des \u00c9tats-Unis sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme les mieux adapt\u00e9s, tandis que les Italiens et les Grecs sont vus comme plus difficiles\r\n\t\u00e0 assimiler et donc moins d\u00e9sirables.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/391e5809-9f40-4c80-b58a-37d72f8c1b72.jpg\" title=\"Immigration irlandaise\" alt=\"Immigration irlandaise\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>D\u00e9but du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle\u00a0: restrictions raciales et nationales<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Entre 1903 et 1913, apr\u00e8s l\u2019arriv\u00e9e au Canada d\u2019importantes cohortes d\u2019immigrants principalement europ\u00e9ens et une s\u00e9rie de bouleversements politiques et de probl\u00e8mes \u00e9conomiques suivant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale<\/a>\t(<em>voir <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/greve-generale-de-winnipeg\">Gr\u00e8ve g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Winnipeg<\/a>), une politique d\u2019immigration beaucoup plus restrictive est mise en place.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En vertu d\u2019une <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> r\u00e9vis\u00e9e en 1919, le gouvernement exclut l\u2019entr\u00e9e au pays \u00e0 certains groupes, notamment les communistes, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/mennonites\/\">mennonites<\/a>, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/doukhobors\/\">doukhobors<\/a>\tet d\u2019autres groupes ayant des pratiques religieuses particuli\u00e8res, ainsi que les gens originaires de pays ayant combattu le Canada pendant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, comme les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/austrians\/\">Autrichiens<\/a>,\r\n\tles <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/hungarians\/\">Hongrois<\/a> et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/turks\/\">Turcs<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral applique \u00e9galement des restrictions fond\u00e9es sur la race et la religion. En 1911, le gouvernement envisage d\u2019interdire les immigrants noirs, mais ne donne finalement pas suite \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e. Les restrictions \u00e0 l\u2019immigration sud-asiatique\r\n\tau Canada au d\u00e9but du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle atteignent leur paroxysme lors des \u00e9v\u00e9nements entourant les passagers du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/komagata-maru\">SS <em>Komagata Maru<\/em><\/a> qui contestent ces politiques\r\n\tdiscriminatoires et exclusives. En 1939, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s juifs fuyant l\u2019Allemagne nazie \u00e0 bord du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ms-st-louis\">MS <em>Saint Louis<\/em><\/a> se voient refuser l\u2019entr\u00e9e au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nombre de ces politiques et pratiques discriminatoires se poursuivent jusqu\u2019au milieu du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CWJAqxJWY1A\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><\/iframe>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<h3>L\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre\u00a0: vers un syst\u00e8me de points<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Les politiques d\u2019immigration restrictives du Canada commencent \u00e0 s\u2019assouplir lentement et progressivement apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>, en partie gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une croissance\r\n\t\u00e9conomique (et une demande de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre) en plein essor et en partie en raison de l\u2019\u00e9volution des m\u0153urs sociales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/fd704360-23a5-4333-9dc4-fed52fcc81b8.jpg\" title=\"Quai 21\" alt=\"Quai 21\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1947, l\u2019interdiction formelle de l\u2019immigration chinoise est lev\u00e9e. Toutefois, en 1952, une nouvelle <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> maintient les politiques discriminatoires du Canada \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des immigrants non europ\u00e9ens et non am\u00e9ricains. Ce n\u2019est\r\n\tqu\u2019en 1962 que le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ottawa-ont\/\">gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/a> met fin \u00e0 la discrimination raciale dans le syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration. En 1967, un syst\u00e8me de points est mis en place pour classer les immigrants\r\n\tpotentiels en fonction de leur admissibilit\u00e9. La race, la couleur ou la nationalit\u00e9 ne sont pas des facteurs dans le nouveau syst\u00e8me; au contraire, les comp\u00e9tences professionnelles, les niveaux d\u2019\u00e9ducation, les comp\u00e9tences linguistiques (soit le fait\r\n\tde parler le fran\u00e7ais ou l\u2019anglais) et les liens familiaux deviennent les principales consid\u00e9rations pour d\u00e9cider qui peut immigrer.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1969, le Canada signe la Convention des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/united-nations\/\">Nations Unies<\/a> de 1951 relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et son protocole de 1967. Bien qu\u2019il reconnaisse les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\/\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>\tcomme une cat\u00e9gorie sp\u00e9ciale de migrants pour des raisons humanitaires, le Canada ne cr\u00e9e aucune mesure officielle pour l\u2019examen des demandes de statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9; il continue comme par le pass\u00e9 \u00e0 n\u2019admettre les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qu\u2019au cas par cas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Loi sur l\u2019immigration, 1976<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Les politiques d\u2019immigration et de population sont profond\u00e9ment remani\u00e9es en 1975. Apr\u00e8s une consultation approfondie, le gouvernement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/liberal-party\/\">lib\u00e9ral<\/a> du premier ministre <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/pierre-elliott-trudeau\/\">Pierre Trudeau<\/a>\tadopte une nouvelle <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> en 1976.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cette Loi, entr\u00e9e en vigueur en 1978, constitue une rupture radicale avec le pass\u00e9. Elle \u00e9tablit pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans la loi les principaux objectifs de la politique d\u2019immigration du Canada. Ceux-ci comprennent la promotion des objectifs d\u00e9mographiques,\r\n\t\u00e9conomiques, sociaux et culturels du Canada, ainsi que les priorit\u00e9s que sont le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/regroupement-familial-au-canada\">regroupement familial<\/a>, la diversit\u00e9 et la non-discrimination. La Loi permet\r\n\t\u00e9galement la coop\u00e9ration entre les diff\u00e9rents niveaux de gouvernement et le secteur b\u00e9n\u00e9vole pour aider les nouveaux arrivants \u00e0 s\u2019adapter \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne. Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, la Loi d\u00e9finit \u00e9galement les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\/\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>\tcomme un groupe distinct d\u2019immigrants dans le droit canadien, obligeant le gouvernement \u00e0 respecter ses obligations envers les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en vertu des accords internationaux.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef.jpg\" title=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\" alt=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1979, le Canada se lance dans un programme unique permettant \u00e0 des groupes priv\u00e9s (le plus souvent des \u00e9glises et des organisations communautaires ethniques) de parrainer des personnes ou des familles de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, de les faire venir au Canada en tant\r\n\tque r\u00e9sidents permanents et de les aider \u00e0 s\u2019installer ici. En 2017, le programme de parrainage priv\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s permet d\u2019installer plus de 275 000 personnes au Canada, en plus des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pris en charge par le gouvernement. Malgr\u00e9 son succ\u00e8s, le programme\r\n\test critiqu\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour sa lourdeur administrative et ses retards, ainsi que pour les restrictions croissantes concernant les pays d\u2019o\u00f9 les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuvent \u00eatre parrain\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La Loi \u00e9largit le nombre de personnes ayant un r\u00f4le \u00e0 jouer dans l\u2019\u00e9laboration des politiques et l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des niveaux d\u2019immigration annuels. Elle donne aux gouvernements provinciaux, aux groupes ethniques et aux organisations humanitaires la possibilit\u00e9,\r\n\tpar le biais de consultations avec le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, de faire entendre leur point de vue aux responsables f\u00e9d\u00e9raux de l\u2019immigration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La Loi modernise \u00e9galement la fa\u00e7on dont le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 est d\u00e9termin\u00e9 en fonction de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et de l\u2019application de la loi. Elle \u00e9tablit \u00e9galement que la Commission d\u2019immigration quasi judiciaire (cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1967) doit \u00eatre un organe\r\n\ttotalement ind\u00e9pendant dont les d\u00e9cisions relatives aux demandes d\u2019immigration et aux appels ne peuvent \u00eatre annul\u00e9es par le gouvernement, sauf en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1980, cinq cat\u00e9gories d\u2019immigrants sont cr\u00e9\u00e9es pour l\u2019entr\u00e9e au Canada: ind\u00e9pendants (personnes pr\u00e9sentant leur propre demande); humanitaires (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et autres personnes pers\u00e9cut\u00e9es ou d\u00e9plac\u00e9es); familiaux (ayant de la famille imm\u00e9diate vivant d\u00e9j\u00e0\r\n\tau Canada); parents aid\u00e9s (parents \u00e9loign\u00e9s, parrain\u00e9s par un membre de la famille au Canada); et \u00e9conomiques (personnes ayant des comp\u00e9tences professionnelles tr\u00e8s recherch\u00e9es, ou celles qui sont pr\u00eates \u00e0 ouvrir une entreprise ou \u00e0 investir de mani\u00e8re\r\n\tsignificative dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie canadienne).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es 1990, apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cennies de r\u00e9formes juridiques et administratives, la composition raciale des immigrants change \u00e9galement. L\u2019Asie (en particulier la Chine, l\u2019Inde et les Philippines) a remplac\u00e9 l\u2019Europe comme principale source d\u2019immigrants\r\n\tau Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>L\u2019accent mis sur la migration \u00e9conomique<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours des ann\u00e9es 1980, les d\u00e9cideurs politiques mettent en place un programme visant \u00e0 encourager les hommes d\u2019affaires et les entrepreneurs \u00e0 immigrer au Canada, en apportant leurs comp\u00e9tences en mati\u00e8re de gestion et leur capital financier afin de\r\n\tcr\u00e9er des possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019emploi suppl\u00e9mentaires. Depuis, de nombreux immigrants apportent au Canada des capitaux et des emplois substantiels.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sans une immigration accrue, le d\u00e9clin de la f\u00e9condit\u00e9 au Canada au 21<sup>e<\/sup> poserait de d\u00e9fis sociaux importants. Avec moins de Canadiens en \u00e2ge de travailler, il serait difficile de couvrir les co\u00fbts des programmes de sant\u00e9 et des programmes sociaux\r\n\tdestin\u00e9s au nombre beaucoup plus important de citoyens \u00e2g\u00e9s. Outre la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre suppl\u00e9mentaire, l\u2019immigration r\u00e9pond \u00e9galement aux besoins d\u2019une \u00e9conomie moderne en ce qui concerne l\u2019\u00e9ducation et les comp\u00e9tences. Ainsi, le Canada continue de favoriser\r\n\tles immigrants hautement qualifi\u00e9s et instruits. En 2018, les immigrants de la cat\u00e9gorie \u00e9conomique constituent la plus grande cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019immigrants, soit 186\u2009352 des 321\u2009035 immigrants admis cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La pratique consistant \u00e0 admettre des personnes hautement qualifi\u00e9es provenant de pays moins d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s continue de susciter la controverse. Les gouvernements des pays en d\u00e9veloppement, d\u2019o\u00f9 proviennent un nombre croissant d\u2019immigrants au Canada, consid\u00e8rent\r\n\tavec appr\u00e9hension l\u2019exode de personnes qu\u2019ils ne peuvent pas se permettre de perdre. Bien que l\u2019opinion a \u00e9t\u00e9 exprim\u00e9e que le Canada ne devrait pas encourager l\u2019exode de personnes form\u00e9es provenant de r\u00e9gions \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9munies\u00a0\u00bb du monde, le Canada\r\n\td\u00e9fend le concept de libert\u00e9 de circulation pour toutes les personnes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Changements dans la politique d\u2019immigration moderne<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2001, apr\u00e8s les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canada-and-911\/\">attaques terroristes du 11 septembre<\/a> sur les \u00c9tats-Unis, le Canada remplace sa <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> de 1976 par la <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/em>.\r\n\tLa nouvelle Loi, entr\u00e9e en vigueur en 2002, conserve bon nombre des principes et des politiques de la pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, y compris les diff\u00e9rentes cat\u00e9gories d\u2019immigrants. Elle \u00e9tend \u00e9galement la cat\u00e9gorie \u00ab\u00a0famille\u00a0\u00bb pour inclure les relations homosexuelles\r\n\tet les unions de fait. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/regroupement-familial-au-canada\">Regroupement familial au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Plus important encore, la Loi de 2001 donne au gouvernement des pouvoirs plus \u00e9tendus pour d\u00e9tenir et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/deportation\/\">expulser<\/a> les immigrants soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s de constituer une menace pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9.\r\n\tEn 2004, le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis interdisent la pratique consistant \u00e0 permettre aux migrants d\u2019entrer dans un pays avec un visa de voyage et de demander le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re de l\u2019autre pays via l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Accord sur les tiers pays s\u00fbrs entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis (ETPS)<\/a>.\r\n\tCette politique est toutefois critiqu\u00e9e par de nombreux d\u00e9tracteurs qui font valoir que les \u00c9tats-Unis ne sont pas un \u00ab\u00a0pays tiers s\u00fbr\u00a0\u00bb pour les migrants en raison de leur approche plus hostile de la migration. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>.)\r\n\tCertaines <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/personnes-demandeuses-d-asile\">personnes demandeuses d'asile<\/a> contournent l'ETPS en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-irreguliere\">traversant la fronti\u00e8re de mani\u00e8re irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re<\/a>\tpour ensuite faire une demande d'asile au Canada. En 2023, l'accord est ren\u00e9goci\u00e9 pour limiter cet \u00e9chapatoire.<\/p>","slug":"politique-dimmigration-1","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"fr","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-05T21:52:18.000000Z"},"media":[{"id":"13245","disk":"s3","directory":"media\/media","filename":"7d728364-5443-4297-986d-2aa9c046ea67","extension":"jpg","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","aggregate_type":"image","size":100000,"variant_name":null,"original_media_id":null,"created_at":"2016-06-06T17:31:45.000000Z","updated_at":"2016-06-06T17:31:45.000000Z","title":"Abris pour immigrants, Qu\u00e9bec, 1908","alt":"Abris pour immigrants, Qu\u00e9bec, 1908","caption":"","creator":"Woodruff, John","source":"John Woodruff \/Biblioth\u00e8que et Archives Canada \/ 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De la colonisation europ\u00e9enne du territoire autochtone \u00e0 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e r\u00e9cente des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019origine syrienne, les r\u00e8glements et les lois qui encadrent l\u2019immigration au pays ont longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 empreints de discrimination. En contrepartie, les Canadiens ont su faire preuve d\u2019humanit\u00e9 en accueillant bras ouverts plusieurs centaines de milliers de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au cours de leur histoire. Des communaut\u00e9s de culture, de religion et de langue diverses se sont donc \u00e9tablies au pays et int\u00e9gr\u00e9es \u2012 certaines avec facilit\u00e9, d\u2019autres avec plus de difficult\u00e9 \u2012 \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne. Par le biais d\u2019articles, d\u2019\u00e9ditoriaux, d\u2019expositions et de lignes du temps, cette collection propose d\u2019explorer cette diversit\u00e9 qui colore la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Image ci-dessus: Quartier chinois de Vancouver, vers 1955. \u00a9 Rolly Ford\/Heritage Vancouver.\r\n<\/p>","pivot":{"model_id":"72064","relatable_id":"26","relatable_type":"App\\Models\\Collection","position":1},"translations":[{"id":"c222dab0-15db-4c2d-b3ba-34943ffa439c","collection_id":"26","title":"Immigration and the Communities of Canada","overview":"<p>\r\n\t Canada has its roots in immigration and remains a nation formed of many different communities. From European colonization of Aboriginal territory to the recent arrival of refugees from Syria, the laws and regulations governing immigration to Canada have long been marked by discrimination. On the other hand, Canadians have shown their humanity by welcoming several hundred thousand refugees with open arms over the course of the country\u2019s history. As a result, diverse cultural, religious and linguistic communities have established themselves here and integrated into Canadian society \u2014 some with relative ease, others with greater difficulty. Through articles, features, exhibits and timelines, this collection explores the diversity that defines Canadian society today.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Image below: Vancouver's Chinatown, ca. 1955. \u00a9 Rolly Ford\/Heritage Vancouver.\r\n<\/p>","slug":"immigration-and-communities-in-canada","locale":"en"},{"id":"6b81903c-eac7-42d5-b573-30381a7b1604","collection_id":"26","title":"Immigration et les communaut\u00e9s du Canada","overview":"<p>\r\n\t Le Canada est une nation issue de l\u2019immigration et tiss\u00e9e d\u2019une multitude de communaut\u00e9s. De la colonisation europ\u00e9enne du territoire autochtone \u00e0 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e r\u00e9cente des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019origine syrienne, les r\u00e8glements et les lois qui encadrent l\u2019immigration au pays ont longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 empreints de discrimination. En contrepartie, les Canadiens ont su faire preuve d\u2019humanit\u00e9 en accueillant bras ouverts plusieurs centaines de milliers de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au cours de leur histoire. Des communaut\u00e9s de culture, de religion et de langue diverses se sont donc \u00e9tablies au pays et int\u00e9gr\u00e9es \u2012 certaines avec facilit\u00e9, d\u2019autres avec plus de difficult\u00e9 \u2012 \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne. Par le biais d\u2019articles, d\u2019\u00e9ditoriaux, d\u2019expositions et de lignes du temps, cette collection propose d\u2019explorer cette diversit\u00e9 qui colore la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Image ci-dessus: Quartier chinois de Vancouver, vers 1955. \u00a9 Rolly Ford\/Heritage Vancouver.\r\n<\/p>","slug":"immigration-et-les-communautes-du-canada","locale":"fr"}]}]},"related_articles":[{"id":"9bac5423-458b-4b2a-b878-1af126c3ce7d","author_text":"","revisor":"","major_update":null,"trigger_warning":0,"views":0,"shares":0,"type":"article","itunes_songs":"","indigo":"","itunes_title_en":"","itunes_title_fr":"","indigo_title_en":"","indigo_title_fr":"","status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2024-03-28T16:48:02.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-03-28T16:48:02.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"Politique d'immigration au Canada (r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple)","slug":"politique-d-immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple","alt_slug":"","summary":"<p>Un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">immigrant<\/a> est une personne qui d\u00e9m\u00e9nage dans un nouveau pays et y demeure. Une politique est un ensemble de r\u00e8gles et de r\u00e9glementations\r\n\t\u00e0 suivre. C\u2019est la fa\u00e7on dont le gouvernement aborde les choses. La politique d\u2019immigration est l\u2019ensemble des r\u00e8gles et r\u00e9glementations qui d\u00e9terminent qui peut s\u2019installer dans un pays. Les politiques d\u2019immigration ont beaucoup chang\u00e9 tout au long\r\n\tde l\u2019histoire du Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(Cet article est un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple sur la politique d\u2019immigration au Canada. Si vous souhaitez approfondir le sujet, veuillez consulter notre article int\u00e9gral intitul\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">Politique d\u2019immigration au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<h3>Premi\u00e8res politiques d\u2019immigration canadienne<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada devient un pays en 1867. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/confederation-resume-en-termes-simples\">Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration [r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple]<\/a>.) Au 19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, le Canada veut des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">immigrants<\/a>\tde la Grande-Bretagne et des \u00c9tats-Unis. Mais de nombreux immigrants d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions d\u2019Europe commencent \u00e9galement \u00e0 arriver. Le Canada les accepte, car il esp\u00e8re qu\u2019ils contribueront \u00e0 la croissance du pays et de l\u2019\u00e9conomie. Par contre, il y a d\u2019autres\r\n\timmigrants qui ne sont pas les bienvenus. La politique d\u2019immigration est formul\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re injuste afin d\u2019emp\u00eacher certaines personnes d\u2019immigrer. Par exemple, le Canada ne veut pas d\u2019immigrants <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/noirs\">noirs<\/a> au pays. En 1911, il interdit presque compl\u00e8tement l\u2019immigration des Noirs. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/order-in-council-pc-1911-1324-the-proposed-ban-on-black-immigration-to-canada\">D\u00e9cret C.P. 1911\u20111324, la proposition d\u2019interdiction de l\u2019immigration noire au Canada<\/a>.)\r\n\tLes Asiatiques ne sont \u00e9galement pas les bienvenus. \u00c0 partir de 1885, les immigrants <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/sino-canadiens\">chinois<\/a> doivent payer une taxe sp\u00e9ciale. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/taxe-entree-imposee-aux-chinoise-resume-en-langage-simple\">Taxe d\u2019entr\u00e9e impos\u00e9e aux personnes immigrantes d\u2019origine chinoise au Canada [r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple]<\/a>.)\r\n\tEn 1923, le Canada interdit l\u2019immigration chinoise presque enti\u00e8rement. Cela ne change qu\u2019en 1947. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">Loi de l\u2019immigration chinoise<\/a>.) Le Canada rend \u00e9galement\r\n\tdifficile l\u2019immigration des personnes du Japon et de l\u2019Inde.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Le Canada d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre et l\u2019immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Les politiques d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">immigration<\/a> changent beaucoup apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/deuxieme-guerre-mondiale-resume-en-langage-simple\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>.\r\n\tLe changement le plus important se produit dans les ann\u00e9es 1960. Le Canada adopte un \u00ab\u00a0syst\u00e8me de points\u00a0\u00bb. La race n\u2019est d\u00e9sormais plus un facteur de s\u00e9lection. Il en va de m\u00eame pour le pays d\u2019origine et la couleur de la peau. La s\u00e9lection\r\n\test alors bas\u00e9e sur d\u2019autres crit\u00e8res. Certains de ces crit\u00e8res incluent les comp\u00e9tences professionnelles et l\u2019\u00e9ducation. Le fait d\u2019\u00eatre capable de parler <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/anglais-canadien\">anglais<\/a> ou\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/langue-francaise\">fran\u00e7ais<\/a> aide \u00e9galement.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada adopte une nouvelle loi sur l\u2019immigration en 1976. Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, le Canada \u00e9nonce clairement ses objectifs en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration. Le Canada veut que l\u2019immigration contribue \u00e0 la taille de sa population, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie et la\r\n\tculture du pays. De plus, l\u2019immigration doit favoriser la r\u00e9union des familles. La loi est contre la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/prejuges-et-discrimination\">discrimination<\/a> envers les immigrants. La discrimination fond\u00e9e\r\n\tsur la race, l\u2019origine ethnique, la nationalit\u00e9 et la couleur de la peau n\u2019est pas autoris\u00e9e. La discrimination fond\u00e9e sur la religion ou le sexe n\u2019est pas autoris\u00e9e non plus. De plus, la loi permet au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/gouvernement-federal\">gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/a>\tet aux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/gouvernement-provincial\">gouvernements provinciaux<\/a> de collaborer en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration. Les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>\tdeviennent une nouvelle cat\u00e9gorie officielle d\u2019immigration.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p>En 1979, un autre changement se produit. Le Canada autorise des groupes priv\u00e9s (comme les \u00e9glises) \u00e0 parrainer des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et leurs familles.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1980, les immigrants sont divis\u00e9s en cinq cat\u00e9gories. Ces cat\u00e9gories sont\u00a0: immigration ind\u00e9pendante, humanitaire, familiale, \u00e9conomique et parents aid\u00e9s. La cat\u00e9gorie des immigrants ind\u00e9pendants est constitu\u00e9e de personnes qui pr\u00e9sentent elles-m\u00eames\r\n\tleur demande. La cat\u00e9gorie humanitaire est compos\u00e9e de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Les personnes appartenant \u00e0 la cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019immigration familiale sont parrain\u00e9es par des membres de leur famille. Les membres de la famille parrainent \u00e9galement les immigrants de la cat\u00e9gorie\r\n\tdes parents aid\u00e9s. Les personnes dans la cat\u00e9gorie \u00e9conomique poss\u00e8dent des comp\u00e9tences et des fonds qui peuvent contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie canadienne.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Tendances r\u00e9centes en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Depuis les ann\u00e9es 1980, le Canada se concentre sur les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/main-doeuvre-immigrante\">immigrants \u00e9conomiques<\/a>. Ces gens peuvent faire beaucoup pour cr\u00e9er des emplois au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2001, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/le-11-septembre-et-le-canada\">attentats terroristes du 11 septembre<\/a> surviennent. Le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canada-et-les-etats-unis-le\">Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis<\/a>\trestreignent leurs politiques d\u2019immigration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le Canada se concentre davantage sur l\u2019immigration. Le Canada d\u00e9sire augmenter sa population. L\u2019une des raisons est que si la population diminue, l\u2019\u00e9conomie diminuera \u00e9galement. Il serait alors tr\u00e8s difficile pour les gouvernements\r\n\tde maintenir les programmes de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/services-sociaux-et-assistance-sociale\">services sociaux<\/a>. Pour cette raison, l\u2019immigration au Canada augmente consid\u00e9rablement au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Qui est responsable de l\u2019immigration?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Pendant longtemps, le gouvernement canadien g\u00e8re l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">immigration<\/a> \u00e0 lui seul. Ceci change dans les ann\u00e9es 1960. Le gouvernement du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>\tcommence \u00e0 exercer davantage de contr\u00f4le. En 2010, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/colombie-britannique\">Colombie-Britannique<\/a> obtient \u00e9galement plus de contr\u00f4le. Depuis 2017, toutes les provinces ont davantage leur mot\r\n\t\u00e0 dire en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration. Il en va de m\u00eame pour les territoires. Les provinces et les territoires visent \u00e0 s\u00e9lectionner les immigrants en fonction de leurs besoins. Ils veulent que les immigrants contribuent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Parmi les provinces, c\u2019est le Qu\u00e9bec qui a le plus de contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019immigration. Le Qu\u00e9bec veut des immigrants qui parlent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/langue-francaise\">fran\u00e7ais<\/a>. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-du-quebec\">Politique d\u2019immigration qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise<\/a>.)<\/p>","twitter_summary":null,"pivot":{"model_id":"72064","relatable_id":"9bac5423-458b-4b2a-b878-1af126c3ce7d","relatable_type":"App\\Models\\Article","position":1},"translations":[{"id":"9bac5423-75a7-444a-9988-86a6a95804ab","article_id":"9bac5423-458b-4b2a-b878-1af126c3ce7d","title":"Immigration Policy in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)","summary":"<p>An <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">immigrant<\/a> is someone who moves to a new country and stays. A policy is a set of rules and regulations to follow. It\u2019s the way the government\r\n\tapproaches something. Immigration policy is the set of rules and regulations that determine who can settle in a country. Immigration policies have changed a lot throughout Canadian history.<\/p><p>(This article is a plain-language summary on immigration policy in Canada. If you wish to read the full-length article, please see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">Immigration Policy in Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<h3>Early Canadian Immigration Policy<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada became a country in 1867. (<em>See<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/confederation-plain-language-summary\">Confederation (Plain-Language Summary)<\/a>.) In the 19th century, Canada wanted <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">immigrants<\/a>\tfrom Britain and the United States. But many immigrants from other parts of Europe started to come as well. Canada accepted them because it hoped that they would help the country and economy grow. Others were not welcomed though. Immigration policy was\r\n\tunfair to keep some people away. For instance, Canada did not want <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\">Black<\/a> immigrants to Canada. In 1911, it almost banned Black immigration. (<em>See<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/order-in-council-pc-1911-1324-the-proposed-ban-on-black-immigration-to-canada\">Order-in-Council P.C. 1911-1324 \u2013 the Proposed Ban on Black Immigration to Canada<\/a>.)\r\n\tAsian people were also not welcomed. Starting in 1885, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">Chinese<\/a> immigrants had to pay a special tax. (<em>See<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-plain-language-summary\">Chinese Head Tax in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)<\/a>.)\r\n\tIn 1923, Canada banned most Chinese immigration. This only changed in 1947. (<em>See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">Chinese Immigration Act<\/a><\/em>.) Canada also made it difficult for people from\r\n\tJapan and India to come.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Post-War Canada and Immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">Immigration<\/a> policies changed a lot after the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-plain-language-summary\">Second World War<\/a>.\r\n\tThe biggest change happened in the 1960s. Canada adopted a \u201cpoints system.\u201d Race was no longer a factor in selection now. The same was true of country of origin and skin colour. Selection was based on other criteria. Some of these criteria include work\r\n\tskills and education. Being able to speak <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-english\">English<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-language\">French<\/a> also helped.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada passed a new immigration law in 1976. For the first time, Canada clearly listed its goals with immigration. Canada wanted immigration to help Canada\u2019s population size, economy and culture. Also, immigration was to help bring families back together.\r\n\tThe law was against <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">discrimination<\/a> for immigrants. Discrimination against race, ethnicity, nationality and skin colour was not allowed. Discriminating on religion\r\n\tor sex was also not allowed. Also, the law allowed the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\">federal<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\">provincial<\/a> governments\r\n\tto collaborate on immigration. Refugees became a new official immigration category.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1979, yet another change occurred. Canada allowed private groups (like churches) to sponsor refugees and their families.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>By 1980, immigrants were divided into five classes. The classes include: independent, humanitarian, family, assisted relatives and economic. The independent class are people who apply on their own. The humanitarian class is made up of refugees. People\r\n\tin the family class are sponsored by family members. Family members also sponsor the assisted relative class. People in the economic class have skills and funds that can help the Canadian economy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3>Recent Immigration Trends<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Since the 1980s, Canada focuses on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigrant-labour\">economic immigrants<\/a>. These people can do much to create jobs in Canada.<\/p>\r\n<p>In 2001, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11 terrorist attacks<\/a> happened. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-the-united-states\">Canada and the US<\/a> restricted their\r\n\timmigration policies.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In recent years, Canada has focused more on immigration. Canada wants to increase its population. One reason for this is that if the population shrinks, the economy will shrink too. This will make it very difficult for governments to sustain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/social-and-welfare-services\">social welfare<\/a>\tprograms. Because of this, immigration to Canada has gone up a lot in the past few years.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Who is in Charge of Immigration?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>For a long time, the Canadian government managed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">immigration<\/a> by itself. This changed in the 1960s. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">Quebec<\/a>\tgovernment began to have more control. In 2010, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">British Columbia<\/a> too received more control. Since 2017, all provinces have had more of a say about immigration. The same\r\n\tgoes for the territories. The provinces and territories aim to select immigrants based on their needs. They want immigrants to help the economy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Among them, Quebec has the most control over immigration. Quebec wants immigrants who can speak <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-language\">French<\/a>. (<em>See<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">Quebec Immigration Policy<\/a>.)<\/p>","slug":"immigration-policy-in-canada-plain-language-article","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"en","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2024-03-28T16:48:02.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-03-28T16:48:02.000000Z"},{"id":"9bac5423-79ad-4b7b-b476-bafbc42f9a1a","article_id":"9bac5423-458b-4b2a-b878-1af126c3ce7d","title":"Politique d'immigration au Canada (r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple)","summary":"<p>Un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">immigrant<\/a> est une personne qui d\u00e9m\u00e9nage dans un nouveau pays et y demeure. Une politique est un ensemble de r\u00e8gles et de r\u00e9glementations\r\n\t\u00e0 suivre. C\u2019est la fa\u00e7on dont le gouvernement aborde les choses. La politique d\u2019immigration est l\u2019ensemble des r\u00e8gles et r\u00e9glementations qui d\u00e9terminent qui peut s\u2019installer dans un pays. Les politiques d\u2019immigration ont beaucoup chang\u00e9 tout au long\r\n\tde l\u2019histoire du Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(Cet article est un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple sur la politique d\u2019immigration au Canada. Si vous souhaitez approfondir le sujet, veuillez consulter notre article int\u00e9gral intitul\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">Politique d\u2019immigration au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<h3>Premi\u00e8res politiques d\u2019immigration canadienne<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada devient un pays en 1867. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/confederation-resume-en-termes-simples\">Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration [r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple]<\/a>.) Au 19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, le Canada veut des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">immigrants<\/a>\tde la Grande-Bretagne et des \u00c9tats-Unis. Mais de nombreux immigrants d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions d\u2019Europe commencent \u00e9galement \u00e0 arriver. Le Canada les accepte, car il esp\u00e8re qu\u2019ils contribueront \u00e0 la croissance du pays et de l\u2019\u00e9conomie. Par contre, il y a d\u2019autres\r\n\timmigrants qui ne sont pas les bienvenus. La politique d\u2019immigration est formul\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re injuste afin d\u2019emp\u00eacher certaines personnes d\u2019immigrer. Par exemple, le Canada ne veut pas d\u2019immigrants <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/noirs\">noirs<\/a> au pays. En 1911, il interdit presque compl\u00e8tement l\u2019immigration des Noirs. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/order-in-council-pc-1911-1324-the-proposed-ban-on-black-immigration-to-canada\">D\u00e9cret C.P. 1911\u20111324, la proposition d\u2019interdiction de l\u2019immigration noire au Canada<\/a>.)\r\n\tLes Asiatiques ne sont \u00e9galement pas les bienvenus. \u00c0 partir de 1885, les immigrants <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/sino-canadiens\">chinois<\/a> doivent payer une taxe sp\u00e9ciale. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/taxe-entree-imposee-aux-chinoise-resume-en-langage-simple\">Taxe d\u2019entr\u00e9e impos\u00e9e aux personnes immigrantes d\u2019origine chinoise au Canada [r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple]<\/a>.)\r\n\tEn 1923, le Canada interdit l\u2019immigration chinoise presque enti\u00e8rement. Cela ne change qu\u2019en 1947. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">Loi de l\u2019immigration chinoise<\/a>.) Le Canada rend \u00e9galement\r\n\tdifficile l\u2019immigration des personnes du Japon et de l\u2019Inde.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Le Canada d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre et l\u2019immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Les politiques d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">immigration<\/a> changent beaucoup apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/deuxieme-guerre-mondiale-resume-en-langage-simple\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>.\r\n\tLe changement le plus important se produit dans les ann\u00e9es 1960. Le Canada adopte un \u00ab\u00a0syst\u00e8me de points\u00a0\u00bb. La race n\u2019est d\u00e9sormais plus un facteur de s\u00e9lection. Il en va de m\u00eame pour le pays d\u2019origine et la couleur de la peau. La s\u00e9lection\r\n\test alors bas\u00e9e sur d\u2019autres crit\u00e8res. Certains de ces crit\u00e8res incluent les comp\u00e9tences professionnelles et l\u2019\u00e9ducation. Le fait d\u2019\u00eatre capable de parler <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/anglais-canadien\">anglais<\/a> ou\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/langue-francaise\">fran\u00e7ais<\/a> aide \u00e9galement.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada adopte une nouvelle loi sur l\u2019immigration en 1976. Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, le Canada \u00e9nonce clairement ses objectifs en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration. Le Canada veut que l\u2019immigration contribue \u00e0 la taille de sa population, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie et la\r\n\tculture du pays. De plus, l\u2019immigration doit favoriser la r\u00e9union des familles. La loi est contre la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/prejuges-et-discrimination\">discrimination<\/a> envers les immigrants. La discrimination fond\u00e9e\r\n\tsur la race, l\u2019origine ethnique, la nationalit\u00e9 et la couleur de la peau n\u2019est pas autoris\u00e9e. La discrimination fond\u00e9e sur la religion ou le sexe n\u2019est pas autoris\u00e9e non plus. De plus, la loi permet au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/gouvernement-federal\">gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/a>\tet aux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/gouvernement-provincial\">gouvernements provinciaux<\/a> de collaborer en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration. Les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>\tdeviennent une nouvelle cat\u00e9gorie officielle d\u2019immigration.<\/p>\r\n \r\n<p>En 1979, un autre changement se produit. Le Canada autorise des groupes priv\u00e9s (comme les \u00e9glises) \u00e0 parrainer des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et leurs familles.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1980, les immigrants sont divis\u00e9s en cinq cat\u00e9gories. Ces cat\u00e9gories sont\u00a0: immigration ind\u00e9pendante, humanitaire, familiale, \u00e9conomique et parents aid\u00e9s. La cat\u00e9gorie des immigrants ind\u00e9pendants est constitu\u00e9e de personnes qui pr\u00e9sentent elles-m\u00eames\r\n\tleur demande. La cat\u00e9gorie humanitaire est compos\u00e9e de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Les personnes appartenant \u00e0 la cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019immigration familiale sont parrain\u00e9es par des membres de leur famille. Les membres de la famille parrainent \u00e9galement les immigrants de la cat\u00e9gorie\r\n\tdes parents aid\u00e9s. Les personnes dans la cat\u00e9gorie \u00e9conomique poss\u00e8dent des comp\u00e9tences et des fonds qui peuvent contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie canadienne.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Tendances r\u00e9centes en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Depuis les ann\u00e9es 1980, le Canada se concentre sur les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/main-doeuvre-immigrante\">immigrants \u00e9conomiques<\/a>. Ces gens peuvent faire beaucoup pour cr\u00e9er des emplois au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2001, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/le-11-septembre-et-le-canada\">attentats terroristes du 11 septembre<\/a> surviennent. Le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canada-et-les-etats-unis-le\">Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis<\/a>\trestreignent leurs politiques d\u2019immigration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le Canada se concentre davantage sur l\u2019immigration. Le Canada d\u00e9sire augmenter sa population. L\u2019une des raisons est que si la population diminue, l\u2019\u00e9conomie diminuera \u00e9galement. Il serait alors tr\u00e8s difficile pour les gouvernements\r\n\tde maintenir les programmes de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/services-sociaux-et-assistance-sociale\">services sociaux<\/a>. Pour cette raison, l\u2019immigration au Canada augmente consid\u00e9rablement au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Qui est responsable de l\u2019immigration?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Pendant longtemps, le gouvernement canadien g\u00e8re l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">immigration<\/a> \u00e0 lui seul. Ceci change dans les ann\u00e9es 1960. Le gouvernement du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>\tcommence \u00e0 exercer davantage de contr\u00f4le. En 2010, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/colombie-britannique\">Colombie-Britannique<\/a> obtient \u00e9galement plus de contr\u00f4le. Depuis 2017, toutes les provinces ont davantage leur mot\r\n\t\u00e0 dire en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration. Il en va de m\u00eame pour les territoires. Les provinces et les territoires visent \u00e0 s\u00e9lectionner les immigrants en fonction de leurs besoins. Ils veulent que les immigrants contribuent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Parmi les provinces, c\u2019est le Qu\u00e9bec qui a le plus de contr\u00f4le sur l\u2019immigration. Le Qu\u00e9bec veut des immigrants qui parlent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/langue-francaise\">fran\u00e7ais<\/a>. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-du-quebec\">Politique d\u2019immigration qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise<\/a>.)<\/p>","slug":"politique-d-immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"fr","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2024-03-28T16:48:02.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-03-28T16:48:02.000000Z"}]},{"id":"76085","author_text":"Harold Troper","revisor":"Maude-Emmanuelle Lambert; Clayton Ma","major_update":null,"trigger_warning":0,"views":0,"shares":0,"type":"article","itunes_songs":"","indigo":"","itunes_title_en":"","itunes_title_fr":"","indigo_title_en":"","indigo_title_fr":"","status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2013-04-23T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-26T18:02:12.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"Immigration au Canada","slug":"immigration","alt_slug":"","summary":"<p>Le d\u00e9placement d\u2019individus d\u2019un pays vers un autre dans le but de s\u2019\u00e9tablir ailleurs est au c\u0153ur de l\u2019histoire du Canada. L\u2019histoire de l\u2019immigration canadienne n\u2019est pas celle d\u2019une croissance d\u00e9mographique ordonn\u00e9e; elle a plut\u00f4t \u00e9t\u00e9, et est toujours,\r\n\t\u00e0 propos du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique ainsi que des attitudes et valeurs canadiennes. Elle a souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement \u00e9conomiquement \u00e9gocentrique ainsi que discriminatoire sur le plan ethnique et racial malgr\u00e9 le fait qu\u2019elle ait contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 cr\u00e9er une\r\n\tsoci\u00e9t\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/multiculturalisme\">multiculturelle<\/a> (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">Politique d'immigration canadienne<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies\">R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Canada<\/a>).\r\n\tL\u2019immigration a \u00e9galement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9poss\u00e9der les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/peuples-autochtones\">peuples\r\nautochtones<\/a> de leurs terres ancestrales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(Cet article est le texte int\u00e9gral sur l'immigration au Canada. Si vous souhaitez lire un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple, veuillez consulter <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">Immigration au Canada (r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple)<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"Immigrants originaires de la Galicie\" alt=\"Immigrants originaires de la Galicie\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"Orphelins engag\u00e9s au Canada\" alt=\"Orphelins engag\u00e9s au Canada\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"Doukhobors russes\" alt=\"Doukhobors russes\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"Immigrants\" alt=\"Immigrants\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"Last Best West\" alt=\"Last Best West\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration en Nouvelle-France (du 16<sup>e<\/sup> au 18<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Tout au long du 17<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et durant une grande partie du 18<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle, les administrations coloniales europ\u00e9ennes, charg\u00e9es de superviser ce qui adviendra du Canada, ne consid\u00e8rent pas la colonisation comme une priorit\u00e9. Au d\u00e9part,\r\n\tles gouvernements fran\u00e7ais et britannique ne semblent pas pr\u00e9par\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u00e9penser d\u2019importantes sommes d\u2019argent ni d\u2019\u00e9nergie n\u00e9cessaires pour encourager la colonisation. Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la France et de la Grande-Bretagne, l\u2019immigration vers ce Nouveau Monde qu\u2019est\r\n\tle Canada n\u2019est pas populaire non plus. Les aventuriers, les explorateurs et surtout les marchands qui agissent pour les int\u00e9r\u00eats fran\u00e7ais ou britanniques craignent l\u2019ing\u00e9rence des colons dans leur commerce lucratif (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/fur-trade\/\">Traite des fourrures<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cependant, la politique change \u00e9ventuellement et les autorit\u00e9s coloniales encouragent lentement et avec prudence la colonisation au Canada. Ils esp\u00e8rent qu\u2019ainsi les colons garantiront la souverainet\u00e9 des revendications territoriales coloniales, et qu\u2019ils\r\n\texploiteront les ressources naturelles du pays, souvent au nom des investisseurs europ\u00e9ens. Ils esp\u00e8rent \u00e9galement que les colons convertiront les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/peuples-autochtones\">peuples autochtones<\/a>\tau christianisme. Les colonies se d\u00e9veloppent graduellement, mais non sans difficult\u00e9s. La population de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/new-france\/\">Nouvelle-France<\/a> \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/conquest\/\">Conqu\u00eate<\/a>\tbritannique (1759 \u00e0 1760) est d\u2019environ 65 000 habitants. En <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/nova-scotia\/\">Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse<\/a>, une communaut\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ecossais\">\u00e9cossaise<\/a>\ttransplant\u00e9e est compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par des colons <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/german-canadians\/\">allemands<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/swiss\/\">suisses<\/a>. \u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1700, des colons\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/irish\/\">irlandais<\/a> viennent augmenter la population de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\/\">Terre-Neuve<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bien que la victoire des Britanniques ait limit\u00e9 la migration des Fran\u00e7ais (<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-francaise-au-canada\">Immigration fran\u00e7aise au Canada<\/a>), elle n\u2019entra\u00eene pas pour\r\n\tautant une vague imm\u00e9diate d\u2019immigrants anglophones. \u00c0 l\u2019exception de quelques administrateurs, militaires et marchands britanniques qui comblent le vide laiss\u00e9 par le d\u00e9part de leurs homologues fran\u00e7ais, peu de colons anglophones semblent s\u2019int\u00e9resser\r\n\tau Canada. En fait, on peut m\u00eame douter qu\u2019ils aient \u00e9t\u00e9 bien accueillis par les nouveaux dirigeants britanniques. Ces derniers craignent qu\u2019un afflux de colons anglophones protestants ne complique l\u2019administration de ce territoire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/catholicism\/\">catholique<\/a>\tet francophone r\u00e9cemment conquis. La plupart des migrants britanniques sont beaucoup plus enclins \u00e0 rechercher le climat plus temp\u00e9r\u00e9 et les institutions sociales famili\u00e8res des colonies am\u00e9ricaines au sud du Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=162d8BY-qDwYdCmSHZNBbf_5HN0vYVUWF\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/iframe>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration des loyalistes (18<sup>e<\/sup> et 19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cles)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Un bon nombre de nouveaux dirigeants britanniques du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/province-de-quebec-1763-1791\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a> sont bient\u00f4t contraints d\u2019accepter plusieurs milliers de colons anglophones pour la plupart protestants\r\n\tqui sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 cause de la R\u00e9volution am\u00e9ricaine. Connus sous le nom de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/loyalists\/\">loyalistes<\/a>de l\u2019Empire uni, ils sont en grande partie des<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\/\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>\tpolitiques. Un grand nombre d\u2019entre eux migrent vers le nord non par choix, mais \u00e0 cause des circonstances. Plusieurs refusent de devenir citoyens de la nouvelle R\u00e9publique am\u00e9ricaine, d\u2019autres craignent des repr\u00e9sailles pour avoir soutenu publiquement\r\n\tles Britanniques. Pour ces loyalistes, le Canada est un pays de second choix, comme il le sera pour un nombre incalculable de futurs immigrants qui viendront parce que l\u2019endroit d\u2019o\u00f9 ils viennent est d\u00e9favorable, et que l\u2019entr\u00e9e ailleurs, souvent aux\r\n\t\u00c9tats-Unis, est restreinte.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La migration des loyalistes est soutenue par les autorit\u00e9s canadiennes qui offrent de l\u2019approvisionnement aux nouveaux colons et organisent la distribution des terres. Malgr\u00e9 les \u00e9preuves endur\u00e9es par les colons, leur sort est adouci gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019intervention\r\n\td\u2019agents du gouvernement, une pratique qui se r\u00e9p\u00e9tera souvent au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>De nombreux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/loyalistes-noirs-en-amerique-du-nord-britannique\">loyalistes noirs<\/a> quittent \u00e9galement les \u00c9tats-Unis pour l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord britannique. Bien qu\u2019ils se soient rang\u00e9s du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des\r\n\tBritanniques lors de la guerre d\u2019Ind\u00e9pendance am\u00e9ricaine, les loyalistes noirs font face \u00e0 une hostilit\u00e9 raciste et \u00e0 des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s consid\u00e9rables. Malgr\u00e9 tout, ils pers\u00e9v\u00e8rent et construisent des communaut\u00e9s solides, en particulier dans les villes comme\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/shelburne\">Shelburne<\/a> et Birchtown en Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/les-loyalistes-noirs\">L\u2019arriv\u00e9e des loyalistes noirs en Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration irlandaise (19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Tout au long du milieu du 19<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle, les colonies, particuli\u00e8rement au Canada-Ouest, reviennent \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le de croissance \u00e9conomique douloureusement lent et erratique. Officiellement encourag\u00e9e, l\u2019immigration en provenance de la Grande-Bretagne,\r\n\tet m\u00eame des \u00c9tats-Unis, remplit progressivement les meilleures terres agricoles de la colonie et enrichit de nouvelles villes administratives et commerciales. Les nouveaux immigrants sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement semblables aux habitants d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9tablis de la communaut\u00e9.\r\n\tCependant, la grande famine irlandaise et, dans une moindre mesure, l\u2019\u00e9chec d\u2019une s\u00e9rie de r\u00e9bellions en Europe en 1848, envoient de nouvelles cohortes d\u2019immigrants en Am\u00e9rique du Nord.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Parmi ces dizaines de milliers de migrants, plusieurs sont <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/irlandais\">irlandais<\/a>, et leur arriv\u00e9e au Canada d\u00e9clenche des changements sociaux et \u00e9conomiques majeurs. \u00c0 bien des \u00e9gards, les\r\n\tIrlandais constituent la premi\u00e8re grande cohorte d\u2019immigrants venant de l\u2019\u00e9tranger au Canada, apr\u00e8s les Anglais et les Fran\u00e7ais. Bien que les Irlandais parlent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement l\u2019anglais, ils ne refl\u00e8tent pas les valeurs sociales, culturelles et religieuses\r\n\tdes Canadiens anglais. Ils forment une minorit\u00e9 catholique dans un Canada-Ouest majoritairement protestant. Cependant, les catholiques irlandais se sentent un peu plus \u00e0 l\u2019aise avec les Canadiens fran\u00e7ais qui partagent leur foi, mais pas leur langue.\r\n\tLa loyaut\u00e9 envers la Couronne britannique de plusieurs d\u2019entre eux semble \u00e9galement suspecte dans un Canada o\u00f9 une loyaut\u00e9 ardente est exig\u00e9e comme assurance contre le r\u00e9publicanisme am\u00e9ricain.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/a1d07311-76d4-4add-a712-6cf7e3974330.jpg\" title=\"Immigrants irlandais\" alt=\"Immigrants irlandais\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31e9a52d-4036-4435-9432-137b0f21fbda.jpg\" title=\"Immigration irlandaise\" alt=\"Immigration irlandaise\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 un mode de vie agraire o\u00f9 l\u2019agriculture est synonyme de pauvret\u00e9 et de d\u00e9pendance, certains de ces Irlandais frapp\u00e9s par la famine ont peu ou aucun enthousiasme pour la vie sur une ferme (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/history-of-agriculture\/\">Histoire de l\u2019agriculture<\/a>).\r\n\tDonc, les Irlandais travaillent de mani\u00e8re saisonni\u00e8re dans le d\u00e9veloppement du nouveau syst\u00e8me \u00e9largi de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canaux-et-voies-navigables-interieures\">canaux<\/a>, dans le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/histoire-du-commerce-du-bois-1\">commerce du bois<\/a>,\r\n\tet dans le r\u00e9seau <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/histoire-du-chemin-de-fer\">ferroviaire<\/a> qui est en plein essor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En raison de leur statut socio-\u00e9conomique qui est moins fortun\u00e9, ainsi que leurs identit\u00e9s ethniques et religieuses distinctes, des quartiers irlandais s\u00e9par\u00e9s apparaissent dans les villages et les villes canadiennes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migration vers l\u2019Ouest (19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et d\u00e9but du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Avec un taux de mortalit\u00e9 relativement bas, un taux de natalit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9, et une immigration faible mais constante venant des \u00eeles Britanniques, l\u2019\u00e8re suivant imm\u00e9diatement la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/confederation\/\">Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/a>\tconna\u00eet des probl\u00e8mes de surpopulation (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/population\/\">Population<\/a>). Ce probl\u00e8me est aggrav\u00e9 par la raret\u00e9 croissante de terres cultivables.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Pendant ce temps, les \u00c9tats-Unis, qui semblent poss\u00e9der une r\u00e9serve illimit\u00e9e de terres libres et fertiles, attirent des milliers de nouveaux immigrants et de Canadiens anglais. L\u2019industrie am\u00e9ricaine attire \u00e9galement beaucoup de Canadiens fran\u00e7ais qui\r\n\tse rendent travailler dans des usines de la Nouvelle-Angleterre (<em>voir<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/franco-americains\/\">\u200b Franco-Am\u00e9ricains<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Vers la fin du 19<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle, les futures provinces des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/prairie\/\">Prairies<\/a> s\u2019ouvrent \u00e0 la colonisation, mais seulement apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9placement, parfois violent, des peuples <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/metis\">m\u00e9tis<\/a>\tet des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/premieres-nations\">Premi\u00e8res Nations<\/a> de leurs terres. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/rebellion-du-nord-ouest\">R\u00e9bellion du Nord-Ouest<\/a>.)\r\n\tToutefois, la migration \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle ne reprend que lorsque les besoins en produits agricoles, comme le bl\u00e9, augmentent \u00e9galement.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cette demande pour des produits agricoles, particuli\u00e8rement pour le bl\u00e9 dur, co\u00efncide avec l\u2019\u00e9lection du gouvernement de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">Wilfrid Laurier<\/a>, qui encourage la colonisation\r\n\tde l\u2019ouest avec une immigration \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">Clifford Sifton<\/a>, le nouveau et agressif ministre de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur du Canada, organise un programme d\u2019immigration remani\u00e9\r\n\tet de grande envergure. Il est m\u00eame pr\u00eat, quelque peu \u00e0 contrec\u0153ur, \u00e0 accueillir des colons agriculteurs qui viennent d\u2019endroits autres que les \u00eeles Britanniques, l\u2019Europe du Nord ou les \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cependant, la volont\u00e9 de Clifford Sifton d\u2019ouvrir les portes aux immigrants venant d\u2019ailleurs que des sources traditionnelles ne refl\u00e8te pas les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">politiques d\u2019immigration<\/a>\tcanadiennes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Pour les Canadiens anglophones, la d\u00e9finition traditionnelle de l\u2019immigrant id\u00e9al peut avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9e, mais pas radicalement. Le gouvernement canadien pr\u00e9f\u00e8re des migrants anglophones blancs venant de l\u2019Empire britannique ou des \u00c9tats-Unis. Dans un\r\n\tm\u00eame temps, les migrants non blancs se voient refuser l\u2019entr\u00e9e au pays pour des motifs <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/racisme\">racistes<\/a>. Les immigrants id\u00e9aux sont des fermiers d\u2019origine britannique ou am\u00e9ricaine qui s\u2019\u00e9tablissent\r\n\tdans l\u2019Ouest.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Press\u00e9es par les int\u00e9r\u00eats des entreprises et des chemins de fer pour accro\u00eetre l\u2019immigration, les autorit\u00e9s de l\u2019immigration \u00e9quilibrent leurs angoisses ethniques avec une recherche effr\u00e9n\u00e9e de colons. Ils cr\u00e9ent une liste des colons id\u00e9aux par ordre\r\n\td\u00e9croissant de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Les agriculteurs britanniques et am\u00e9ricains sont suivis des Fran\u00e7ais, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/belgians\/\">Belges<\/a>, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/dutch\/\">Hollandais<\/a>,\r\n\tdes Scandinaves, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/swiss\/\">Suisses<\/a>, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/finns\/\">Finlandais<\/a>, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">Russes<\/a>,\r\n\tdes Austro-Hongrois (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/austrians\/\">Autrichiens<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/hungarians\/\">Hongrois<\/a> ), des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/german-canadians\/\">Allemands<\/a>,\r\n\tdes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\">Ukrainiens<\/a> et des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/poles\/\">Polonais<\/a>. Tout pr\u00e8s du bas de la liste viennent ensuite ceux qui, dans l\u2019esprit\r\n\tdu public et du gouvernement, sont moins assimilables et moins d\u00e9sirables, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">Italiens<\/a>, les Slaves du Sud, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/greeks\/\">Grecs<\/a>\tet les Syriens (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/arabs\/\">Arabo-Canadiens<\/a> ). En dernier se trouvent les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Juifs<\/a>, les Asiatiques,\r\n\tles Roms et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/black-canadians\/\">Noirs<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cependant, Ottawa n\u2019est pas la seule voix en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration. L\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>Acte de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord britannique<\/em> <\/a> accorde aussi une voix aux provinces si tel\r\n\test leur choix. Le Qu\u00e9bec est particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ress\u00e9 et met sur pied son propre minist\u00e8re de l\u2019immigration. Ceci est en partie en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l\u2019expansion du Canada anglophone, et \u00e9galement dans un effort pour freiner, voire renverser, la migration\r\n\tdes jeunes Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois ruraux vers la Nouvelle-Angleterre. En coop\u00e9ration avec les autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales, des agents d\u2019immigration sont envoy\u00e9s en Nouvelle-Angleterre pour inciter les Canadiens fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 retourner chez eux pour s\u2019installer sur de nouvelles\r\n\tterres marginales. Ce programme ne rencontre qu\u2019un succ\u00e8s limit\u00e9, mais l\u2019implication du Qu\u00e9bec dans la gestion de ses propres priorit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration persiste.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migrants et centres urbains<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 les pr\u00e9cautions prises par le gouvernement, ce ne sont pas tous les immigrants qui s\u2019engagent dans le domaine de l\u2019agriculture ou de l\u2019exploitation des ressources. Tout comme les Irlandais avant eux, de nombreux immigrants non anglophones et en\r\n\tgrande partie non protestants rejettent la vie d\u2019isolement rural et choisissent plut\u00f4t de travailler dans les villes. De plus, un bon nombre de ces migrants ne se voient demeurer au Canada ou en Am\u00e9rique du Nord que temporairement. Certains cherchent\r\n\t\u00e0 gagner suffisamment d\u2019argent pour acheter une terre dans leur pays d\u2019origine, pour pr\u00e9parer une dot pour une s\u0153ur, ou pour rembourser une dette de famille. Toutefois, ceux qui adoptent les d\u00e9finitions nord-am\u00e9ricaines du succ\u00e8s ou qui ne peuvent retourner\r\n\tdans leur pays en raison du climat politique s\u2019\u00e9tablissent au Canada. Si possible, ils font venir leurs femmes et enfants.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"Travailleuses du Centre d'immigration, Qu\u00e9bec, vers 1911\" alt=\"Travailleuses du Centre d'immigration, Qu\u00e9bec, vers 1911\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Des migrants d\u2019origines de plus en plus diverses commencent \u00e0 immigrer au Canada, parmi eux se trouvent des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/macedonians\/\">Mac\u00e9doniens<\/a>, des Russes, des Finlandais et des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Chinois<\/a>.\r\n\tOn autorise l\u2019entr\u00e9e \u00e0 plusieurs de ces migrants en raison des besoins de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre \u00e0 combler \u00e0 bon march\u00e9, ou pour avoir un bassin d\u2019ouvriers qualifi\u00e9s pour des travaux d\u2019usine ou de construction. Certains d\u2019entre eux travaillent dans les mines ou\r\n\tdans l\u2019industrie foresti\u00e8re, d\u2019autres comme les Chinois travaillent \u00e0 terminer le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chemin-de-fer-du-canadien-pacifique\">chemin de fer du Canadien Pacifique<\/a>. Plusieurs s\u2019installent dans les\r\n\tvilles comme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/montreal\/\">Montr\u00e9al<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/winnipeg\/\">Winnipeg<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/toronto\/\">Toronto<\/a>,\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/hamilton\/\">Hamilton<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/vancouver\/\">Vancouver<\/a>. Cependant, ces immigrants font face \u00e0 des angoisses et des pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s ethniques\r\n\tet religieux auparavant r\u00e9serv\u00e9s uniquement aux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/irlandais\">Irlandais<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>L\u2019arriv\u00e9e de migrants issus de milieux culturels drastiquement diff\u00e9rents g\u00e9n\u00e8re une certaine hostilit\u00e9 raciste de la part de plusieurs Canadiens. Certains Canadiens r\u00e9agissent en faisant preuve d\u2019une tol\u00e9rance pleine de dignit\u00e9. Ils reconnaissent que\r\n\tces \u00e9trangers sont l\u00e0 pour de bon, que leur travail et leurs comp\u00e9tences sont n\u00e9cessaires, et que leurs conditions de vie sont sujettes \u00e0 am\u00e9lioration. Les immigrants jouent un r\u00f4le \u00e9conomique vital dans les centres urbains, ils installent des rails\r\n\tde <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/street-railways\/\">tramway<\/a>, ils travaillent dans les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/textile-industry\/\">usines de textile<\/a>, et ils creusent des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9gouts.\r\n\tPourtant, de nombreux Canadiens exigent n\u00e9anmoins un contr\u00f4le plus strict de l\u2019immigration selon des crit\u00e8res ethniques et raciaux.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration et racisme<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>La politique et l\u2019administration canadiennes en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration s\u2019inclinent devant la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique en autorisant certains migrants \u00e0 entrer au Canada. Cependant, elles ne le font qu\u2019\u00e0 contrec\u0153ur. Assez rapidement, des contr\u00f4les d\u2019immigration\r\n\trestrictifs sont mis en place pour cesser l\u2019immigration selon des crit\u00e8res ethniques et raciaux.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"Certificat d'immigration chinoise\" alt=\"Certificat d'immigration chinoise\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>La migration chinoise est particuli\u00e8rement vis\u00e9e. Des mesures comme la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\">taxe d\u2019entr\u00e9e impos\u00e9e aux Chinois<\/a>, les taxes d\u2019atterrissage, les accords de restriction bilat\u00e9raux,\r\n\tet les restrictions de voyage interdisent pratiquement toute immigration chinoise au Canada (<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">Loi de l\u2019immigration chinoise<\/a>). Les autorit\u00e9s canadiennes\r\n\trefusent \u00e9galement l\u2019immigration des femmes chinoises. Le gouvernement craint que leur pr\u00e9sence encourage les hommes chinois, qui sont au Canada temporairement en tant que main-d\u2019\u0153uvre dans les mines ou sur les chemins de fer, \u00e0 s\u2019installer de fa\u00e7on\r\n\tpermanente. Les craintes racistes qu\u2019un soi-disant \u00ab\u00a0p\u00e9ril jaune\u00a0\u00bb puisse mettre en danger le tissu moral de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sont r\u00e9pandues.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1914, pr\u00e8s de 400 migrants des Indes orientales \u00e0 bord du<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>Komagata Maru<\/em> <\/a> attendent dans le port de Vancouver pendant que les autorit\u00e9s canadiennes d\u00e9lib\u00e8rent sur\r\n\tleur sort. Malgr\u00e9 le fait qu\u2019ils soient sujets de l\u2019Empire britannique, les passagers ont expos\u00e9 les restrictions racistes impos\u00e9es par le Canada \u00e0 l\u2019immigration sud-asiatique. La nouvelle marine canadienne, en action pour la premi\u00e8re fois, escorte le\r\n\tnavire hors des eaux canadiennes sous les applaudissements de nombreux habitants de Vancouver qui observent de la rive. Plusieurs des passagers seront plus tard tu\u00e9s \u00e0 leur retour en Inde.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Pendant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale<\/a>, une hyst\u00e9rie anti-allemande \u00e9clate au Canada. Cette hostilit\u00e9 x\u00e9nophobe est largement dirig\u00e9e contre ceux qui entretiennent des liens\r\n\tavec les pays ennemis. Bien que les \u00e9trangers qui ont des liens avec les pays alli\u00e9s au Canada sont \u00e9galement cibl\u00e9s en tant que sujets de souverains alli\u00e9s. Malgr\u00e9 les besoins en effectifs militaires du Canada, les autorit\u00e9s britanniques et canadiennes\r\n\testiment que, dans la mesure du possible, les \u00e9trangers appartiennent aux arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res. On encourage donc les groupes comme les Italiens, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/serbs\/\">Serbes<\/a>, les Polonais et certains\r\n\tJuifs \u00e0 aller combattre dans les arm\u00e9es de leur m\u00e8re patrie, ou bien ils sont recrut\u00e9s dans des unit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques de l\u2019arm\u00e9e britannique qui sont r\u00e9serv\u00e9es aux \u00e9trangers alli\u00e9s de diverses origines. N\u2019ayant pas d\u2019arm\u00e9e nationale \u00e0 laquelle se joindre,\r\n\tde nombreux Juifs, Mac\u00e9doniens et Ukrainiens se portent volontaires dans l\u2019arm\u00e9e canadienne.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1910 et 1911, des rumeurs se r\u00e9pandent selon lesquelles un groupe de Noirs se pr\u00e9pare \u00e0 migrer vers le centre de l\u2019Alberta. Descendants d\u2019esclaves affranchis, ils se sont fait chasser de leurs terres sur le territoire de l\u2019Oklahoma, o\u00f9 ils avaient\r\n\tobtenu des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s et esp\u00e9raient commencer une nouvelle vie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En Alberta, la r\u00e9ponse publique et politique est imm\u00e9diate et pr\u00e9visible. Les autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales mettent au point un plan ing\u00e9nieux. Rien dans la <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> n\u2019exclut les Am\u00e9ricains noirs, mais on peut refuser l\u2019acc\u00e8s au Canada \u00e0 tout\r\n\timmigrant pour des raisons de sant\u00e9 en vertu des dispositions m\u00e9dicales de la loi. Le gouvernement ordonne tout simplement aux inspecteurs de l\u2019immigration et \u00e0 leurs assistants m\u00e9dicaux qui se trouvent le long de la fronti\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine de rejeter tous\r\n\tles Noirs sous le pr\u00e9texte qu\u2019ils sont inaptes \u00e0 \u00eatre admis pour des raisons m\u00e9dicales. Il n\u2019y a pas d\u2019appel. Les Noirs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 avertis qu\u2019ils ne devraient pas perdre leur temps ou leur argent en envisageant l\u2019immigration au Canada. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/order-in-council-pc-1911-1324-the-proposed-ban-on-black-immigration-to-canada\">D\u00e9cret C.P.1911\u20111324<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En raison de l\u2019effondrement \u00e9conomique d\u00e9vastateur caus\u00e9 par la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/great-depression\/\">Crise des ann\u00e9es 1930<\/a>, l\u2019approche du gouvernement envers l\u2019immigration s\u2019endurcit. Les autorit\u00e9s de l\u2019immigration\r\n\tse mettent \u00e0 emp\u00eacher activement la migration au Canada. En 1933, Hitler r\u00e8gne sur l\u2019Allemagne, et des millions d\u2019opposants politiques et de Juifs auraient pu survivre si le Canada ou d\u2019autres pays avaient offert l\u2019asile \u00e0 ces innocentes victimes. Bien\r\n\tque de nombreux Canadiens \u00e9prouvent, pour les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\/\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a> et leur situation d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e, un m\u00e9lange de sympathie et d\u2019embarras face au manque d\u2019aide gouvernemental, d\u2019autres, incluant\r\n\tles membres du cabinet f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, de nombreux membres du corps diplomatique et les d\u00e9cideurs de politique d\u2019immigration, r\u00e9agissent avec inqui\u00e9tude \u00e0 toute pression exerc\u00e9e pour accueillir des Juifs ou des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s politiques qui fuient l\u2019Allemagne. Par\r\n\tcons\u00e9quent, peu de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuvent contourner les restrictions canadiennes en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ms-st-louis\">Paquebot Saint Louis<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>D\u00e9manteler les barri\u00e8res raciales et ethniques<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1945, \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, la r\u00e9glementation canadienne en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration demeure inchang\u00e9e par rapport aux ann\u00e9es restrictives d\u2019avant-guerre. Cependant, les changements ne tardent pas \u00e0 se produire. Stimul\u00e9 par un essor \u00e9conomique, un march\u00e9\r\n\tdu travail en croissance, et la demande de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre qui en r\u00e9sulte, le Canada commence progressivement \u00e0 rouvrir ses portes \u00e0 l\u2019immigration europ\u00e9enne. Initialement, les portes s\u2019ouvrent aux immigrants que le Canada a traditionnellement privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s,\r\n\tceux du Royaume-Uni et de l\u2019Europe de l\u2019Ouest, puis \u00e9ventuellement \u00e0 ceux du reste de l\u2019Europe. Toutefois, avec le d\u00e9but de la Guerre froide, l\u2019immigration en provenance de l\u2019Europe de l\u2019Est cesse compl\u00e8tement. L\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique et ses alli\u00e9s ferment\r\n\tleurs fronti\u00e8res occidentales. Mais un grand nombre d\u2019immigrants entrent au Canada en provenance de l\u2019Europe du Sud, de l\u2019Italie, de la Gr\u00e8ce et du Portugal.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"Des immigrants hollandais arrivent \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Des immigrants hollandais arrivent \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Contrairement \u00e0 l\u2019immigration des d\u00e9cennies pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes, l\u2019immigration d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre n\u2019est pas exclusivement dirig\u00e9e vers l\u2019agriculture et les industries extractives de ressources naturelles en zone rurale. Le Canada \u00e9merge de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>\ten tant que puissance urbaine et industrielle, et de nombreux immigrants d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre occupent rapidement des emplois dans les secteurs de la fabrication et de la construction. Certains contribuent \u00e0 l\u2019expansion des infrastructures urbaines tandis\r\n\tque d\u2019autres, plus instruits, r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 la forte demande de professionnels form\u00e9s qualifi\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>L\u2019immigration canadienne subit d\u2019autres changements remarquables durant les ann\u00e9es d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre. Les gouvernements canadiens, le f\u00e9d\u00e9ral et les provinciaux, c\u00e8dent lentement aux pressions de la r\u00e9forme des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/droits-de-la-personne\">droits de la personne<\/a>\texerc\u00e9e par une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ant\u00e9rieure d\u2019immigrants et leurs enfants. De plus en plus actifs politiquement et faisant d\u00e9sormais partie de la classe moyenne, ces immigrants qui sont maintenant bien int\u00e9gr\u00e9s ont fait des sacrifices pour une cause commune\r\n\tavec les autres Canadiens dans l\u2019effort de guerre; et donc, dans cette p\u00e9riode d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre, ils refusent d\u2019assumer le statut de citoyens de seconde zone dans un pays qu\u2019ils ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger. Soutenus par des Canadiens qui partagent les m\u00eames\r\n\tid\u00e9es, ils d\u00e9noncent ladiscrimination ethnique etraciale \u00e0 laquelle ils font face et ils demandent une r\u00e9forme des droits de la personne. Ils forcent les gouvernements \u00e0 l\u00e9gif\u00e9rer contre la discrimination fond\u00e9e sur la race, la religion et l\u2019origine,\r\n\tdans des domaines tels que l\u2019emploi, le logement et l\u2019\u00e9ducation. Et au m\u00eame moment o\u00f9 le Canada rend ill\u00e9gale la discrimination au pays, le gouvernement prend des mesures pour \u00e9liminer graduellement les barri\u00e8res raciales, religieuses et ethniques de\r\n\tsa politique canadienne d\u2019immigration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Vers la fin des ann\u00e9es 1960, la discrimination raciale ouverte de la politique d\u2019immigration est disparue des lois et des r\u00e8glements canadiens sur l\u2019immigration. Par cons\u00e9quent, les portes du pays s\u2019ouvrent \u00e0 un bon nombre de ceux qui, autrefois, auraient\r\n\t\u00e9t\u00e9 rejet\u00e9s, parce que jug\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant \u00ab\u00a0ind\u00e9sirables\u00a0\u00bb en raison de leur race ou de leur ethnicit\u00e9. En 1971, pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans l\u2019histoire du Canada, la majorit\u00e9 des immigrants ne sont pas d\u2019origine europ\u00e9enne. Depuis, c\u2019est le cas\r\n\tchaque ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Syst\u00e8me de points d\u2019appr\u00e9ciation de l\u2019immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Il ne faut pas croire pour autant que quiconque peut entrer au Canada. Bien que les restrictions bas\u00e9es sur la race ou le pays d\u2019origine soient disparues, le Canada maintient toujours des crit\u00e8res stricts pour d\u00e9terminer qui est ou n\u2019est pas un candidat\r\n\tsouhaitable pour une entr\u00e9e au Canada. \u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1960, le Canada instaure un syst\u00e8me de points pour \u00e9tablir des normes fond\u00e9es sur le m\u00e9rite des individus qui demandent \u00e0 immigrer au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Dans le cadre de ce syst\u00e8me, chaque candidat pour devenir immigrant obtient des points en fonction de son \u00e2ge, de son \u00e9ducation, de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 parler l\u2019anglais ou le fran\u00e7ais, et en fonction de la demande existante en mati\u00e8re des comp\u00e9tences professionnelles\r\n\tde ce candidat. Si un candidat est en bonne sant\u00e9 et de bonne moralit\u00e9 en plus de marquer des points, il est admis avec son \u00e9poux(se) et leurs enfants. Ceux qui n\u2019obtiennent pas suffisamment de points se voient refuser l\u2019entr\u00e9e au pays. Plus r\u00e9cemment,\r\n\tle Canada a modifi\u00e9 ses proc\u00e9dures afin de privil\u00e9gier les candidats ind\u00e9pendants, qualifi\u00e9s et imm\u00e9diatement employables.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Une fois \u00e9tablis au Canada, la plupart des nouveaux arrivants, qu\u2019on appelle maintenant \u00ab\u00a0immigrants re\u00e7us\u00a0\u00bb, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de tous les m\u00eames droits que les citoyens canadiens, \u00e0 l\u2019exception notamment du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/droit-de-vote-1\">droit de vote<\/a>.\r\n\tApr\u00e8s un certain nombre d\u2019ann\u00e9es de r\u00e9sidence au Canada (maintenant trois ans sur cinq), chaque immigrant re\u00e7u peut demander la citoyennet\u00e9 canadienne. De plus, les immigrants re\u00e7us, comme les citoyens canadiens, peuvent \u00e9galement demander \u00e0 parrainer\r\n\tl\u2019entr\u00e9e au Canada de membres de la famille proche qui, autrement, ne seraient pas en mesure de satisfaire les crit\u00e8res rigoureux d\u2019admissibilit\u00e9. Le parrain doit accepter de s\u2019assurer que toute personne amen\u00e9e au Canada ne deviendra pas un fardeau \u00e9conomique\r\n\tpour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, les familles parrain\u00e9es par des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 au Canada ont constitu\u00e9 le groupe le plus important de personnes admises au Canada. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/regroupement-familial-au-canada\">Regroupement familial au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s apr\u00e8s 1945<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Depuis la fin de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/deuxieme-guerre-mondiale\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ainsi que les autres personnes d\u00e9poss\u00e9d\u00e9es par la guerre et la violence deviennent une part importante\r\n\tdu flot d\u2019immigration au Canada. Dans la p\u00e9nurie de la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre, le Canada fait entrer des dizaines de milliers de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Un grand nombre d\u2019entre eux sont alors sans abri en raison de la guerre, ou se retrouvent, \u00e0 la\r\n\tfin de la guerre, \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de leur pays d\u2019origine et refusent d\u2019y retourner. Parmi les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es se trouvent des survivants juifs de l\u2019Holocauste qui n\u2019ont ni communaut\u00e9 ni famille o\u00f9 retourner. D\u2019autres personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es refusent d\u2019\u00eatre\r\n\trapatri\u00e9es vers des pays qui sont maintenant sous la domination de l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique. Plusieurs s\u2019installent au Canada o\u00f9 ils se b\u00e2tissent une nouvelle vie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours des ann\u00e9es 1960 et 1970, le Canada r\u00e9agit \u00e9galement au sort de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019autres pays qui sont sous le joug de dictatures. \u00c0 la suite de l\u2019\u00e9chec du soul\u00e8vement hongrois de 1956 et de l\u2019\u00e9crasement de la r\u00e9forme politique en Tch\u00e9coslovaquie par\r\n\tl\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique en 1968, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s s\u2019enfuient vers l\u2019ouest. Le Canada r\u00e9pond en mettant de c\u00f4t\u00e9 ses proc\u00e9dures d\u2019immigration normales pour accueillir sa part de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Dans les ann\u00e9es qui suivent, le Canada accorde \u00e0 nouveau une autorisation\r\n\tsp\u00e9ciale pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s politiques de l\u2019Ouganda, du Chili et d\u2019ailleurs (<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/latin-americans\">Latino-Am\u00e9ricains<\/a>). Dans chacun de ces cas, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont admis en tant\r\n\tqu\u2019exceptions aux normes d\u2019immigration sans devoir suivre toutes les proc\u00e9dures d\u2019immigration habituelles.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1978, le Canada promulgue une nouvelle<em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> qui, pour la premi\u00e8re fois, affirme son engagement \u00e0 aider et r\u00e9installer les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui fuient l\u2019oppression, \u00e0 savoir les individus qui ont des craintes fond\u00e9es quant \u00e0 leur risque\r\n\td\u2019\u00eatre pers\u00e9cut\u00e9es dans leur pays d\u2019origine. Par cons\u00e9quent, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ne sont plus admis au Canada en tant qu\u2019exception aux r\u00e8glements d\u2019immigration. L\u2019admission des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s fait maintenant partie de la loi et des r\u00e8glements canadiens sur l\u2019immigration.\r\n\tMais elle demeure controvers\u00e9e et difficile \u00e0 g\u00e9rer. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies\">Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens au Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens au Qu\u00e9bec\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Le premier grand programme de r\u00e9installation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en vertu de la nouvelle loi a lieu au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1980 lorsque le Canada devient le chef de file des pays occidentaux en accueillant des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019Asie duSud-Est, et plus particuli\u00e8rement\r\n\tceux en provenance du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/vietnamiens\">Vietnam<\/a>, souvent appel\u00e9s les \u00ab\u00a0boat people\u00a0\u00bb (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer). Plusieurs de ces r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer sont s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s parmi ceux qui ont fui\r\n\tle Vietnam \u00e0 bord de minuscules bateaux et se sont retrouv\u00e9s dans des camps de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en Tha\u00eflande ou \u00e0 Hong Kong en attendant des foyers permanents (<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/reponse-canadienne-a-la-crise-des-refugies-de-la-mer\">R\u00e9ponse canadienne \u00e0 la crise des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Certaines personnes cherchant une protection ne sont pas s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9es par les autorit\u00e9s de l\u2019immigration, mais ils viennent plut\u00f4t au Canada pour demander le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Ces demandeurs d\u2019asile arrivent parfois au Canada apr\u00e8s \u00eatre descendus d\u2019avions\r\n\tqui se sont arr\u00eat\u00e9s \u00e0 Gander \u00e0 Terre-Neuve pendant l\u2019escale de ravitaillement. Plusieurs d\u2019entre eux cherchent \u00e0 fuir les horreurs de la guerre et les pers\u00e9cutions de pays comme l\u2019Am\u00e9rique centrale, l\u2019Afrique, le Moyen-Orient, le sous-continent indien\r\n\tet la Chine pour trouver refuge au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Une fois au Canada, les demandeurs d\u2019asile doivent prouver aux autorit\u00e9s canadiennes qu\u2019ils sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s dans leur patrie. Si le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 leur est accord\u00e9, ils peuvent rester au Canada; sinon, les demandeurs peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9port\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration \u00e0 la fin du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours des ann\u00e9es 1980, le nombre de personnes qui entrent au Canada et demandent le statut de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9<\/a> augmente et le processus de d\u00e9termination du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 a du mal \u00e0\r\n\ttraiter rapidement tous les demandeurs. Ces demandeurs d\u2019asile ne sont pas non plus universellement accueillis par les Canadiens. Certains Canadiens craignent que plusieurs des demandeurs d\u2019asile ne soient pas des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s l\u00e9gitimes, mais plut\u00f4t des\r\n\tindividus qui cherchent un moyen de contourner les r\u00e8gles s\u00e9v\u00e8res de l\u2019immigration canadienne.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1980, la question des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s refait dramatiquement surface pour les Canadiens lorsque deux navires \u00e9chouent ill\u00e9galement sur la c\u00f4te est du Canada, avec \u00e0 leur bord des demandeurs d\u2019asile sikhs (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/sikhism\/\">Sikhisme<\/a>\t) et tamouls. Au milieu des craintes exag\u00e9r\u00e9es qui circulent voulant que le Canada soit sur le point d\u2019\u00eatre \u00ab\u00a0inond\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, le Parlement et les autorit\u00e9s d\u2019immigration commencent \u00e0 resserrer les r\u00e8glements et les proc\u00e9dures en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\r\n\tIl en r\u00e9sulte une rationalisation et un durcissement continus du processus canadien de d\u00e9termination du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9. Les autorit\u00e9s canadiennes travaillent \u00e9galement en \u00e9troite collaboration avec d\u2019autres pays et avec des compagnies de transport\r\n\tpour rendre plus difficile l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux personnes susceptibles de pr\u00e9senter une demande de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 au Canada. Certains Canadiens sont pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par le fait que ces changements signifient que certains r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s l\u00e9gitimes se voient maintenant refuser le\r\n\trefuge auquel ils ont droit en vertu des lois internationales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1980 et au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1990, en m\u00eame temps que le Canada cherche \u00e0 emp\u00eacher l\u2019entr\u00e9e de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au pays, il ouvre de nouvelles avenues pour d\u2019autres immigrants ayant des comp\u00e9tences employables ou des ressources financi\u00e8res.\r\n\tAvec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e du gouvernement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/parti-conservateur\">conservateur<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">Brian Mulroney<\/a>, les personnes qui poss\u00e8dent\r\n\tdes fonds ou les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour investir et d\u00e9marrer des entreprises au Canada sont invit\u00e9es \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter une demande d\u2019immigration canadienne. L\u2019id\u00e9e est que ces initiatives pourraient contribuer \u00e0 cr\u00e9er de l\u2019emploi et de la richesse au\r\n\tCanada.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Par cons\u00e9quent, le nombre d\u2019immigrants entrepreneurs ou d\u2019affaires augmente de mani\u00e8re remarquable, atteignant 6\u00a0% du total des immigrants entrant au Canada. Un bon nombre d\u2019immigrants de la classe d\u2019entrepreneurs viennent de Hong Kong, beaucoup\r\n\td\u2019entre eux cherchant refuge pour eux-m\u00eames, pour leurs familles et pour leurs actifs avant que la Chine ne prenne le contr\u00f4le de Hong Kong en 1997. Il est tout naturel qu\u2019un grand nombre r\u00e9ponde \u00e0 l\u2019invitation du Canada et aux possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019investissement\r\n\ten capital. En cons\u00e9quence, le Canada devient une destination de choix pour les gens de Hong Kong et pour d\u2019autres immigrants chinois, ainsi que pour les capitaux. Entre 1981 et 1983, les immigrants chinois investissent 1,1 milliard de dollars dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie\r\n\tcanadienne. La population des immigrants de Hong Kong et d\u2019autres chinois est particuli\u00e8rement prononc\u00e9e dans les grandes r\u00e9gions urbaines telles que Vancouver et Toronto, o\u00f9 les communaut\u00e9s chinoises constituent d\u00e9sormais les plus importants groupes\r\n\td\u2019immigrants. Cependant, la plupart de ces immigrants de la classe d\u2019entrepreneurs ne ma\u00eetrisent ni l\u2019anglais ni le fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 leur arriv\u00e9e au Canada, ce qui incite le gouvernement canadien \u00e0 instaurer des exigences linguistiques plus strictes pour ceux\r\n\tqui viennent au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>L\u2019immigration en provenance de l\u2019Afrique (principalement de l\u2019Afrique du Sud, de la Tanzanie, de l\u2019\u00c9thiopie, du Kenya, du Ghana, de l\u2019Uganda et du Nig\u00e9ria) augmente \u00e9galement durant les ann\u00e9es 1980 et 1990. Certains de ces immigrants sont des professionnels\r\n\tdipl\u00f4m\u00e9s et ils cherchent de meilleures conditions de travail au Canada. Toutefois, la vaste majorit\u00e9 d\u2019entre eux sont des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui fuient la guerre, la famine et l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 politique et \u00e9conomique de leurs pays d\u2019origine.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Avec le ralentissement \u00e9conomique des ann\u00e9es 1990, l\u2019immigration \u00e9merge \u00e0 nouveau en tant que sujet de d\u00e9bat public. Rien de plus naturel, si on consid\u00e8re l\u2019impact continu de l\u2019immigration sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne. Bien que de nombreux \u00e9conomistes soutiennent\r\n\tque le Canada, avec son taux de natalit\u00e9 relativement bas et sa population vieillissante, a besoin d\u2019une infusion de population, d\u2019\u00e9nergie, de comp\u00e9tences, de capitaux et du pouvoir d\u2019achat que les immigrants apportent au Canada, plusieurs continuent\r\n\td\u2019avoir des doutes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Comme les immigrants d\u2019origine non europ\u00e9enne constituent la large majorit\u00e9 de ceux qui entrent au pays, certains Canadiens expriment leur inqui\u00e9tude face au caract\u00e8re changeant du Canada urbain. Cependant, un grand nombre de ces pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s envers les Canadiens\r\n\td\u2019origines ethniques et raciales diff\u00e9rentes ont souvent tendance \u00e0 \u00eatre exag\u00e9r\u00e9s et \u00e0 nuire aux communaut\u00e9s minoritaires.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le d\u00e9bat public sur l\u2019immigration au Canada demeure n\u00e9anmoins civilis\u00e9 et est certainement libre de la violence qu\u2019a engendr\u00e9e l\u2019arriv\u00e9e massive d\u2019immigrants en France et en Allemagne.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration canadienne depuis le 11 septembre 2001<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>En cons\u00e9quence directe aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements du 11 septembre 2001, de la menace terroriste et des questions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, le Canada a resserr\u00e9 ses politiques d\u2019immigration (<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/le-11-septembre-et-le-canada\">Le 11 septembre et le Canada<\/a>).\r\n\tEn 2002, l\u2019adoption de la <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/em> (LIPR) est adopt\u00e9e. Cette nouvelle loi remplace la <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration de 1976<\/em>. Elle rend notamment plus difficile l\u2019immigration au Canada, y compris pour\r\n\tles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Cependant, cette loi facilite \u00e9galement l\u2019entr\u00e9e au Canada pour les couples vivant en union libre ou les unions de m\u00eame sexe.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La position plus s\u00e9v\u00e8re du Canada \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la migration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s se refl\u00e8te dans la mani\u00e8re dont le pays a trait\u00e9 les demandeurs d\u2019asile tamouls en 2009 et 2010. Per\u00e7us comme \u00e9tant des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s simul\u00e9s, plusieurs sont emprisonn\u00e9s malgr\u00e9 le fait\r\n\tqu\u2019ils \u00e9taient de vrais r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. De nombreux Canadiens r\u00e9agissent de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on face aux demandeurs d\u2019asile qui traversent la fronti\u00e8re canado-am\u00e9ricaine de mani\u00e8re irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re pour trouver une protection au Canada. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Entente sur les tiers pays s\u00fbrs entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis<\/a>.)\r\n\tEt ce, malgr\u00e9 le fait que c\u2019est un droit de la personne reconnu internationalement que de chercher refuge dans un autre pays.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ces attitudes contrastent fortement avec la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/reponse-canadienne-a-la-crise-des-refugies-syriens\">r\u00e9ponse canadienne \u00e0 la crise des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens<\/a>. Entre 2015 et 2017, le Canada r\u00e9installe\r\n\t54 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens. Bien que ce chiffre soit sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui des \u00c9tats-Unis, la contribution du Canada fait p\u00e2le figure en comparaison des autres pays comme l\u2019Allemagne, le Liban, la Turquie et la Su\u00e8de.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration de l\u2019\u00e8re moderne au Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada accueille un nombre consid\u00e9rable d\u2019immigrants chaque ann\u00e9e. De 2001 \u00e0 2014, une moyenne d\u2019environ 249 500 immigrants re\u00e7us s\u2019est install\u00e9e au Canada, chaque ann\u00e9e. En 2015, plus de 271 800 migrants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 admis, et ce nombre est pass\u00e9 \u00e0 296\r\n\t300 en 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Entre 2016 et 2021, le Canada a accueilli un peu plus de 1,3 million d\u2019immigrants.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/donnees-demographiques-collecte-des\">recensement<\/a> de 2021 d\u00e9montrent que les migrants en provenance de l\u2019Inde, des Philippines et de la Chine sont les trois groupes les plus\r\n\tnombreux parmi les immigrants arriv\u00e9s r\u00e9cemment au Canada. Pr\u00e8s de 18,6\u00a0% des immigrants r\u00e9cents sont n\u00e9s en Inde, 11,4\u00a0% sont n\u00e9s aux Philippines, et 8,9\u00a0% sont n\u00e9s en Chine. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadiens-de-lasie-du-sud\">Canadiens de l\u2019Asie du Sud<\/a>;\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/philippins\">Communaut\u00e9 philippine au Canada<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/sino-canadiens\">Communaut\u00e9 chinoise au Canada<\/a>.) D\u2019autres groupes importants d\u2019immigrants\r\n\tsont originaires de la Syrie (4,8\u00a0%), du Nig\u00e9ria (3\u00a0%), des \u00c9tats-Unis (3\u00a0%), du Pakistan (2,7\u00a0%), de la France (2\u00a0%), de l\u2019Iran (1,9\u00a0%) et du Royaume-Uni (1,7\u00a0%).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>R\u00e9pondez au jeu-questionnaire!<\/strong>\r\n\t\t<br> Testez vos connaissances sur le multiculturalisme au Canada en r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalisme-au-canada\">ce jeu-questionnaire du D\u00e9fi de la citoyennet\u00e9<\/a>! Le D\u00e9fi de la citoyennet\u00e9 est\r\n\t\tun programme de Historica Canada qui invite les Canadiens et les Canadiennes \u00e0 tester leurs connaissances nationales en r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citoyennete\">examen<\/a> simul\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9, ainsi\r\n\t\tqu\u2019\u00e0 d\u2019autres jeux-questionnaires th\u00e9matiques.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>La vaste majorit\u00e9 des nouveaux arrivants (88,7\u00a0%) s\u2019\u00e9tablissent dans quatre provinces\u00a0: l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ontario-2\">Ontario<\/a> (44\u00a0%), le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>\t(15,3\u00a0%), la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/colombie-britannique\">Colombie-Britannique<\/a> (14,9\u00a0%) et l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/alberta\">Alberta<\/a> (14,5\u00a0%). La plupart d\u2019entre\r\n\teux vivent \u00e9galement dans les grands centres urbains de ces villes, comme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/toronto-7\">Toronto<\/a> (29,5\u00a0%), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/montreal-1\">Montr\u00e9al<\/a>\t(12,2\u00a0%) et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/vancouver-16\">Vancouver<\/a> (11,7\u00a0%). Ces trois villes accueillent \u00e0 elles seules plus de la moiti\u00e9 de tous les immigrants r\u00e9cents. Toutefois, ce pourcentage a diminu\u00e9 \u00e0\r\n\tmesure que les immigrants se sont install\u00e9s dans d\u2019autres centres urbains.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Selon le recensement de 2021, les Canadiennes et les Canadiens originairement n\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du pays repr\u00e9sentent 23\u00a0% (soit 8,3 millions de personnes) de la population canadienne, une proportion record depuis 1921. Le Canada compte la plus forte\r\n\tproportion d\u2019immigrants parmi les pays du G7. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/g7-groupe-des-sept\">Canada et le G7<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada moderne a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit sur la migration et les contributions de nombreux groupes d\u2019immigrants, en commen\u00e7ant par les premiers colons fran\u00e7ais, en passant par les nouveaux arrivants du Royaume-Uni, de l\u2019Europe centrale, des Antilles et de l\u2019Afrique,\r\n\tjusqu\u2019aux immigrants de l\u2019Asie et du Moyen-Orient. Bien que les enjeux pos\u00e9s par le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/racisme\">racisme<\/a> et la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/prejuges-et-discrimination\">discrimination<\/a>\tdemeurent, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne reste g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement ouverte \u00e0 l\u2019immigration. De plus, la contribution de nombreux immigrants \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne, ainsi que leur d\u00e9sir d\u2019aider \u00e0 b\u00e2tir une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 meilleure en terre canadienne sont incontestables.<\/p>","twitter_summary":null,"pivot":{"model_id":"72064","relatable_id":"76085","relatable_type":"App\\Models\\Article","position":2},"translations":[{"id":"9db397d3-701b-4e5c-85f8-f12a7572bb4c","article_id":"76085","title":"Immigration to Canada [\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627]","summary":"<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a - \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 - \u062d\u0648\u0644 \r\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u062c\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/a> (<em>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u061b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/a>). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \r\n \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645.<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\" alt=\"\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\" alt=\"\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646\" alt=\"\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\" alt=\"\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 - \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \r\n \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629. \r\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 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\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648-\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u062c\u0630\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f (<em>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \r\n<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franco-americans\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prairie\/\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f - \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 - \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-nations\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/a> \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/metis\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0633<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645. (<em>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/a>.) \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \r\n \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0647<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \r\n\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a>\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0636\u060c \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \r\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u0636\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \r\n \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \r\n \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \r\n<\/a><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 (<em>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/em> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646. \r\n \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a> \r\n\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 (<em>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/a>). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0621 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f<\/a> \r\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062c\u0631 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/a> \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f 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(<em>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/a>.) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \r\n \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u062e\u0634\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 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\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 400 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648<\/em><\/a> \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \r\n \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f 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(<em>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deemed-unsuitable-black-pioneers-in-western-canada-feature\">\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 P.C. 1911\u20141324.)<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/great-depression\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/a>\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \r\n \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627. \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1933\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646<\/a> \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \r\n \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629. 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(<em>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/latin-americans\/\">\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>.) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \r\n \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 <em>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f. \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629. \r\n\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \r\n \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647. (<em>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \r\n \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628\u00bb. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. (<em>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-boat-people-refugee-crisis\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \r\n \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a \u00ab\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628\u00bb<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 11 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b 11 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629. (<em>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/a>.) \r\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 <em>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646<\/em> (IRPA). \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644 <em>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/em> 1976. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \r\n \u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 <em>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/em> \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2009-2010. \u062a\u0645 \u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u00ab\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0648\u0646\u00bb. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \r\n \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627. (<em>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/a>.) \r\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e \u0645\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/a>. \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2015 \u0648 2017\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \r\n 54,000 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 249500 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 271800 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 296300 \r\n \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2016 \u0648 2021\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 1.3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \r\n \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627. \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 18.6 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u064811.4 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u06488.9 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646. (<em>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u061b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \r\n \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/a>\u061b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/a>.) \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \r\n (4.8 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629) \u0648\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 (3 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (3 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (2.7 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629) \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629) \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (1.9 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (1.7 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631!<\/strong> \r\n<br>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629! \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \r\n \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0640 Historica Canada\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f (88.7 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">\u0623\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648<\/a> (44 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643<\/a> (15.3 \r\n \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629) <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> (14.9 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">\u0648\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627<\/a> (14.5 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629). \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \r\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0648<\/a> (29.5 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629) \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 (12.2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0631<\/a><\/a> (11.7 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629). \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 23 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 (8.3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635) \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1921. \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 G7. (<em>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \r\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/a> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \r\n \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>","slug":"hg","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"ar","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":4,"created_at":"2024-12-11T19:51:59.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-11T19:51:59.000000Z"},{"id":"b3979a5b-d7b2-4dcc-8501-4f427edab377","article_id":"76085","title":"Immigration to Canada","summary":"<p>The movement of individuals of one country into another for the purpose of resettlement is central to Canadian history. The story of Canadian immigration is not one of orderly population growth; instead, it has been \u2014 and remains one \u2014 about economic\r\n\tdevelopment as well as Canadian attitudes and values. It has often been unashamedly economically self-serving and ethnically or racially discriminatory despite contributing to creating a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">multicultural<\/a>\tsociety (<em>see <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">Immigration Policy in Canada<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">Refugees to Canada<\/a>). Immigration has also contributed\r\n\tto dispossessing <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">Indigenous peoples<\/a> of their ancestral lands.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(This article is the full-length text on immigration to Canada. If you wish to read a plain-language summary, please see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">Immigration to Canada (Plain-Language Summary)<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"Galician Immigrants\" alt=\"Galician Immigrants\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"Orphan Children Bound for Canada\" alt=\"Orphan Children Bound for Canada\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"Russian Doukhobors\" alt=\"Russian Doukhobors\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"Immigrants\" alt=\"Immigrants\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"Last Best West\" alt=\"Last Best West\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration to New France (16th\u201318th Century)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Throughout the 17th and much of the 18th century, European colonial administrations, charged with overseeing what would become Canada, did not consider settlement a priority. French or British governments initially seemed unprepared to expend vast quantities\r\n\tof money or energy necessary to encourage settlement. Nor was migration to Canada popular in France or Britain. Adventurers, explorers, and particularly traders acting for British or French interests feared the interference of settlers in the lucrative\r\n\ttrade (<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/fur-trade\/\">Fur Trade<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>However, policy eventually changed and colonial authorities carefully and slowly encouraged settlement in Canada. It was their hope that settlers would guarantee the sovereignty of colonial land claims and exploit natural resources \u2014 often on behalf of\r\n\tEuropean investors. It was also hoped that the settlers would convert <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">Indigenous peoples<\/a> to Christianity. Settlements grew gradually but not without difficulty.\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/new-france\/\">New France<\/a>'s population at the time of the British <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">Conquest<\/a> (1759\u201360) was about 65,000. In\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\">Nova Scotia<\/a>, a transplanted <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/scots\">Scottish<\/a> community was supplemented by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\">German<\/a>\tand <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\">Swiss<\/a> settlers. In the late 1700s, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\">Irish<\/a> settlers reinforced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">Newfoundland<\/a>'s\r\n\tpopulation.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Although the British victory limited migration from France (<em>see also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-immigration-in-canada\">French Immigration in Canada<\/a>), it did not immediately bring about a large number\r\n\tof English-speaking immigrants. Except for a handful of British administrators, military personnel, and merchants who filled the vacuum left by their departing French counterparts, few English-speaking settlers seemed interested in Canada. Indeed, it\r\n\tis doubtful whether settlers would have been welcomed by the new British administrators. The latter feared that an influx of English-speaking <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">Protestant<\/a> settlers would complicate\r\n\tadministration in a recently conquered <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">Roman Catholic<\/a> French-speaking territory. Most British migrants were far more inclined to seek out the more temperate climate and familiar\r\n\tsocial institutions of the American colonies south of Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1nQwJ4NDRaO1PhAPuWnxDoGN2adxIhoqj\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/iframe>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<h3>Loyalist Immigration (18th\u201319th Century)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Many of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/province-of-quebec-1763-91\">Quebec<\/a>'s new British rulers were soon forced to accept many thousands of English-speaking and largely Protestant settlers displaced by the American Revolution.\r\n\tKnown as United Empire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\">Loyalists<\/a>, they were largely political <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">refugees<\/a>. Many of them migrated northward\r\n\tnot by choice but because they had to. Many either did not wish to become citizens of the new American republic or because they feared retribution for their public support of the British. For these Loyalists, Canada was a land of second choice, as it\r\n\twould be for countless future immigrants who came because to remain at home was undesirable, and entry elsewhere, often the US, was restricted.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Loyalist migration was supported by Canadian authorities who offered supplies to the new settlers and organized the distribution of land. Despite the hardships the settlers endured, their plight was made less severe by the intervention of government agents,\r\n\ta practice to be repeated in Canada many times.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Many <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">Black Loyalists<\/a> also left the United States for British North America. Despite having sided with the British during the American War of Independence,\r\n\tBlack Loyalists faced racist hostility and considerable inequality. Despite this, they persevered and built strong communities, particularly in towns like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/shelburne\">Shelburne<\/a> and Birchtown\r\n\tin Nova Scotia. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-feature\">The Arrival of Black Loyalists in Nova Scotia<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Irish Immigration (19th Century)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Throughout the mid-19th century, the colonies \u2014 Canada West in particular \u2014 returned to a pattern of painfully slow and erratic economic growth. Officially encouraged immigration from Britain and even the US gradually filled the better agricultural lands\r\n\tin the colony and bolstered new commercial or administrative towns. The new immigrants were generally similar to that of the established community. However, the great Irish potato famine and, to a lesser degree, a series of abortive European rebellions\r\n\tin 1848 sent new immigrant cohorts to North America.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/a1d07311-76d4-4add-a712-6cf7e3974330.jpg\" title=\"Irish immigrants\" alt=\"Irish immigrants\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31e9a52d-4036-4435-9432-137b0f21fbda.jpg\" title=\"Irish immigration\" alt=\"Irish immigration\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Of these tens of thousands migrants, many were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">Irish<\/a> whose arrival in Canada initiated major social and economic changes. In many respects, the Irish were Canada's first major cohort\r\n\tof overseas immigrants after the English and French. Although the Irish generally spoke English, they did not mirror the social, cultural or religious values of Anglo-Canadians. They formed a Roman Catholic minority in a predominantly Protestant Canada-West.\r\n\tIrish Catholics were, however, a bit more at home with French Canadians who shared their faith but not their language. Many of these Irish migrants\u2019 loyalty to the British Crown also appeared suspect in a Canada where ardent loyalty was demanded as insurance\r\n\tagainst the threat of American republicanism.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>After escaping an agrarian life where agriculture was synonymous with poverty and dependency, some of the famine-stricken Irish had little or no enthusiasm for farm life (<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/history-of-agriculture\/\">History of Agriculture<\/a>).\r\n\tInstead, the Irish worked seasonally in the newly expanded <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canals-and-inland-waterways\/\">canal<\/a> system, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/timber-trade-history\/\">lumber industry<\/a>,\r\n\tand burgeoning\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/railway-history\/\">railway network<\/a>. Due to their less fortunate social-economic status as well as their distinct ethnic and religious identities, separate Irish neighbourhoods popped up in\r\n\tCanadian cities and larger towns.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Western Migration (19th\u2013Early 20th Century)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>With a relatively low death rate, high birthrate, and small but continual migration from the British Isles, the immediate post-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/confederation\/\">Confederation<\/a> era had its overpopulation problems\r\n\t(\r\n\t<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\/\">Population<\/a>). This issue was further compounded by the increasing rarity of farmable land.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Meanwhile, the US \u2014 with its seemingly boundless supply of free, fertile land \u2014 attracted thousands of new immigrants and Anglo-Canadians. American industry attracted many French Canadians were to work in the factories of New England (<em>see<\/em>\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franco-americans\/\">Franco-Americans<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Towards the late 19th century, Canada's future <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prairie\/\">Prairie provinces<\/a> were opened to settlement, but only after \u2014 sometimes violently \u2014 displacing <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-nations\">First Nations<\/a>\tand <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/metis\">M\u00e9tis<\/a> peoples off their lands. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">North-West Rebellion<\/a>.) However, large scale\r\n\tmigration only picked up when the need for agriculture products like wheat also increased.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The demand for farm goods, especially hard wheat, coincided with the election of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">Wilfrid Laurier<\/a>'s government, which encouraged western settlement with large-scale immigration.\r\n\tCanada's new minister of the interior, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">Clifford Sifton<\/a>, organized a revamped and far-reaching immigration program. He was even prepared, if not reluctantly, to admit agricultural\r\n\tsettlers from places other than the British Isles, Northern Europe, and the US. Sifton\u2019s willingness to open immigration outside of traditional sources was not, however, reflective of <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">Canadian immigration policy<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>For English-speaking Canadians, the traditional definition of ideal immigrants may have been modified but was not radically altered. The Canadian government preferred white English-speaking migrants from within the British Empire and from the US. At the\r\n\tsame time, non-white migrants were denied entrance on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">racist<\/a> grounds. The ideal immigrants were British or American independent farmers who would settle in the West.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Pressed by business and railway interests to increase immigration, immigration authorities balanced their ethnic anxieties against a frantic search for settlers. They listed ideal settlers in a descending preference. British and American agriculturalists\r\n\twere followed by French, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">Belgians<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">Dutch<\/a>, Scandinavians, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">Swiss<\/a>,\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">Finns<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">Russians<\/a>, Austro-Hungarians (<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">Austrians<\/a>;\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\">Hungarians<\/a>),\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\">Germans<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\">Ukrainians<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">Poles<\/a>.\r\n\tClose to the bottom of the list came those who were, in both the public and the government's minds, less assimilable and less desirable, e.g., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">Italians<\/a>, South Slavs,\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">Greeks<\/a> and Syrians (<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">Arab Canadians<\/a>). At the very bottom came <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Jews<\/a>,\r\n\tAsians, Roma people, and\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">Black people<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ottawa, however, did not have the only voice when it came to immigration. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>British North America Act<\/em><\/a> also gave the provinces a voice in immigration\r\n\tif they chose to do so. Quebec was particularly interested in doing so and set up its own immigration department. This was partly in response to the expansion of English-speaking Canada and in an effort to stem, if not reverse, the migration of rural\r\n\tQuebec youth to New England. In co-operation with federal authorities, immigration agents were sent into New England to encourage French Canadians to return home to settle new but marginal agricultural lands. The program was met with only limited success,\r\n\tbut Quebec's involvement in managing its own immigration priorities continued.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migrants and Urban Centres<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>In spite of government precautions, not all immigrants committed themselves to resource exploitation or agriculture. Like the Irish before them, many non-English speaking and largely non-Protestant immigrants rejected a life of rural isolation, choosing\r\n\tto work in cities. Furthermore, many of these migrants only saw themselves as living in Canada or North America temporarily. Some sought to earn enough money to buy a piece of land at home, to assemble a dowry for a sister, or to pay off a family debt.\r\n\tHowever, the many who adopted North American definitions of success or who were unable to return home because of political upheavals established themselves in Canada. If possible, they brought their wives and children to join them.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n\t<img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"Immigration Centre workers, Quebec, circa 1911 \" alt=\"Immigration Centre workers, Quebec, circa 1911 \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Migrants of increasingly diverse origins started migrating to Canada, these included <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">Macedonians<\/a>, Russians, Finns, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Chinese<\/a>\tpeople. Many of these new migrants had been allowed into Canada to satisfy the need for cheap labour or a pool of skilled craftsmen for factory or construction work. Some worked in mining or lumbering, others like the Chinese worked to finish the\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-pacific-railway\">Canadian Pacific Railway<\/a>. Many settled in the major cities like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">Montreal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">Winnipeg<\/a>,\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">Toronto<\/a>,\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hamilton\/\">Hamilton<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">Vancouver<\/a>. However, these immigrants were confronted by ethnic and religious anxieties\r\n\tand prejudices previously only reserved for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">Irish<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The arrival of migrants from drastically different cultural backgrounds generated some racist hostility from many Canadians. Some Canadians responded with a dignified tolerance. They recognized that these foreigners were here to stay, that their labour\r\n\tand skills were necessary, and that their living conditions were subject to improvement. Immigrants played vital economic role in urban centres \u2014 laying <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">streetcar<\/a> tracks,\r\n\tlabouring in the expanding <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">textile factories<\/a> and digging the sewer systems. Yet, many Canadians nonetheless demanded a stricter control on immigration along ethnic or racial\r\n\tlines.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration and Racism<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Canadian immigration policy and administration had bowed to economic necessity by allowing some migrants into Canada. However, it only did so reluctantly. Soon enough, restrictive immigration controls were put in place to stop immigration along ethnic\r\n\tand racial lines.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"Chinese Immigration Certificate\" alt=\"Chinese Immigration Certificate\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Chinese migration was particularly targeted. Measures like the Chinese <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">head tax<\/a>, landing taxes, bilateral restriction agreements and other travel restrictions\r\n\tvirtually prohibited Chinese immigration into Canada. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">Chinese Immigration Act<\/a>.) Canadian authorities also refused to allow the settlement of female\r\n\tChinese immigrants. The government feared this would encourage Chinese men, who were temporarily in Canada as railway or mine labourers, to settle down permanently. There were widespread racist fears of a supposed \"yellow peril\" that would endanger Canadian\r\n\tsociety\u2019s moral fabric.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1914, almost 400 Indian migrants aboard the ship <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>Komagata Maru<\/em><\/a> languished in Vancouver harbour while Canadian authorities debated what to do with them. Despite\r\n\tbeing subjects of the British Empire, the passengers had exposed Canada\u2019s racist restrictions imposed on South Asian migration. Canada's new navy, in action for the first time, escorted the ship from Canadian waters while many Vancouver residents cheered\r\n\tapprovingly from shore. Many of the passengers would be later killed when back in India<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>During the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">First World War<\/a>, anti-German hysteria erupted in Canada. This xenophobic hostility was largely directed against those with ties to enemy countries. Although\r\n\tforeigners with links to countries allied to Canada were also targeted. Despite Canadian military manpower needs, British and Canadian authorities alike felt that, where possible, foreigners belonged in foreign armies. Groups such as Italians,\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/serbs\/\">Serbians<\/a>, Poles, and some Jews were encouraged to return to the armies of their mother country or were recruited into specific British army units reserved for allied foreigners of\r\n\tvarious origins. Without national armies of their own to join, many Jews, Macedonians, and Ukrainians volunteered for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-army\">Canadian Army<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1910\u201311, rumours spread that a group of Black people was preparing to migrate to central Alberta. Descendants of previously enslaved people, they were being pushed from their lands in Oklahoma territory, where they had been granted holdings and hoped\r\n\tto build new lives.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Public and political response in Alberta was immediate and predictable. Federal authorities initiated an ingeniously simple scheme. Nothing in the <em>Immigration Act<\/em> specifically barred Black Americans, but any immigrant could effectively be denied\r\n\taccess to Canada for health reasons under the Act's medical provisions. The government merely instructed immigration inspectors and their medical aides along the American border to reject all Blacks as unfit for admission on medical grounds. There was\r\n\tno appeal. Blacks were warned they should not waste their time and money by considering immigration to Canada. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deemed-unsuitable-black-pioneers-in-western-canada-feature\">Order-in-Council P.C. 1911\u20131324<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>As a result of the devastating economic collapse caused by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/great-depression\/\">Great Depression<\/a>, the government's approach to immigration hardened. Immigration authorities switched to actively\r\n\tpreventing migration into Canada. By 1933, Hitler ruled Germany, and millions of political opponents and Jews might have survived if Canada or other countries had offered innocent victims a home. Although many Canadians responded to the\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">refugees<\/a> with a mixture of sympathy for their desperate plight and embarrassment at the lack of government aid, others, including the federal Cabinet, many in the diplomatic corps,\r\n\tand immigration policymakers, reacted with alarm to any pressure to accept Jews or political refugees escaping Germany. As a result, few refugees were able to get around Canadian immigration restrictions. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">MS. St. Louis<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Dismantling Racial and Ethnic Barriers<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>At war's end in 1945, Canadian immigration regulations remained unchanged from the restrictive pre-war years. Yet change was not long in coming. Driven by a postwar economic boom, growing job market, and a resulting demand for labour, Canada gradually\r\n\tre-opened its doors to European immigration. Initially, to immigrants Canada traditionally preferred \u2014 those from the United Kingdom and Western Europe \u2014 but eventually to the rest of Europe as well. However, with the onset of the Cold War, immigration\r\n\tfrom Eastern Europe came to a halt. Borders to the west were closed by the Soviet Union and its allies. However, large numbers of immigrants entered Canada from southern Europe, particularly Italy, Greece and Portugal.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"Dutch immigrants arrive at Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Dutch immigrants arrive at Qu\u00e9bec\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Unlike immigration from previous decades, postwar immigration was not streamed exclusively into agricultural or rural-based resource extractive industries. Canada emerged from the Second World War as an urban, industrial power, and many postwar immigrants\r\n\tsoon filled jobs in the manufacturing and construction sectors. Some helped expand city infrastructure while others \u2014 like the better-educated immigrants \u2014 met the strong demand for trained and skilled professionals.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Canadian immigration underwent other dramatic changes in the postwar years. Canadian governments, federal and provincial, slowly yielded to pressure for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/human-rights\/\">human rights<\/a> reform\r\n\tfrom an earlier generation of immigrants and their children. Increasingly middle class and politically active, the now well-integrated immigrants had sacrificed in common cause with other Canadians in the war effort; as such, in the postwar era, they\r\n\trefused to assume second-class status in a country they had helped protect. Supported by like-minded Canadians, they denounced the ethnic and racial discrimination against them and demanded human rights reform. They forced governments to legislate against\r\n\tdiscrimination on account of race, religion, and origin in such areas as employment, accommodation and education. And, just as Canada was making discrimination illegal at home, the government moved to gradually eliminate racial, religious or ethnic barriers\r\n\tto Canadian immigration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>By the late 1960s, overt racial discrimination in immigration policy was gone from Canadian immigration legislation and regulations. This opened Canada's doors to many of those who would previously have been rejected as being \u201cundesirable\u201d on the basis\r\n\tof race or ethnicity. In 1971, for the first time in Canadian history, the majority of those immigrating into Canada were of non-European ancestry. This has been the case every year since.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration Point System<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>That does not mean that anyone who wishes to enter Canada may do so. While restrictions on account of race or national origin are gone, Canada still maintains strict criteria for determining who is and who is not a desirable candidate for Canadian entry.\r\n\tIn the late 1960s, Canada introduced a point system to set merit-based standards for individuals applying to immigrate to Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Under this system, each applicant is awarded points for age, education, ability to speak English or French, and demand for that particular applicant's job skills. If an applicant was in good health and of good character in addition to scoring enough points,\r\n\tthey were granted admission together with their spouse and dependent children. Those who did not score enough points were denied admission. More recently, Canada has modified its procedures to give preference to the admission of independent, skilled,\r\n\tand immediately employable immigrants.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Once established in Canada, most new arrivals \u2014 now called a \"landed immigrant\" \u2014 receive all the rights of a Canadian citizen except notably the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">right to vote<\/a>. After a specified\r\n\tnumber of years of residing in Canada (currently three years out of five), each landed immigrant may apply for Canadian citizenship. In addition, landed immigrants, like Canadian citizens, may also apply to sponsor the admission to Canada of close family\r\n\tmembers who might not otherwise be able to satisfy stringent Canadian admission criteria. The sponsor must agree to ensure anyone brought into Canada will not become an economic burden to Canadian society. For many years, sponsored families of those\r\n\talready in Canada were the single largest group of those admitted into Canada. (<em>See<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">Family Reunification in Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Refugee Migration After 1945<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Since the end of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Second World War<\/a>, refugees and others dispossessed by war and violence have become a significant part of Canada's immigration flow. In the postwar\r\n\tlabour shortage, Canada admitted tens of thousands of displaced persons. Many had been made homeless by the war or who, at war's end, found themselves outside of their country of citizenship, to which they refused to return. Among the displaced persons\r\n\twere Jewish Holocaust survivors who had no community or family to which they could return. Other displaced persons refused repatriation back to countries which had fallen under Soviet domination. Many resettled in Canada, where they built new lives.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>During the 1960s and 1970s, Canada also responded to the plight of refugees from other countries that were under dictatorships. In the aftermath of the unsuccessful Hungarian uprising of 1956 and the crushing of political reform in Czechoslovakia by the\r\n\tSoviet Union in 1968, refugees fled westward. Canada responded by setting aside its normal immigration procedures to admit its share of refugees. In the years that followed, Canada again made special allowance for refugees from political upheavals in\r\n\tUganda, Chile and elsewhere. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/latin-americans\/\">Latin Americans<\/a>.) In each of these cases, the refugees were admitted as an exception to the immigration regulations and without\r\n\tfollowing all of the usual immigration procedures.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1978, Canada enacted a new <em>Immigration Act<\/em> that, for the first time, affirmed Canada's commitment to the resettlement of refugees from oppression. Namely, individuals who have a well-founded fear of persecution in their country of citizenship.\r\n\tAccordingly, refugees would no longer be admitted to Canada as an exception to immigration regulations. Admission of refugees was now part of Canadian immigration law and regulations. But refugee admission has remained controversial and difficult to\r\n\tadminister. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Canadian Refugee Policy<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"Vietnamese refugees in Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Vietnamese refugees in Qu\u00e9bec\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>The first major refugee resettlement program under this new legislation was during the early 1980s, when Canada led the Western world in its welcome to Southeast Asian refugees and particularly those from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">Vietnam<\/a>,\r\n\toften referred to as the \"boat people.\" Many of the boat people were selected from among those who escaped Vietnam in tiny boats and eventually found themselves confined to refugee camps in Thailand or Hong Kong awaiting permanent homes. (<em>See also<\/em>\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-boat-people-refugee-crisis\">Canadian Response to the \u201cBoat People\u201d Refugee Crisis<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Some people seeking protection are not selected by immigration officials, but instead come to Canada to apply for refugee status. These \u201casylum seekers\u201d sometimes arrived to Canada after disembarking from flights between Eastern Europe and Cuba that land\r\n\tto refuel in Gander, Newfoundland. Many of them sought to escape the horror of war and persecution in Central America, Africa, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, and China to seek sanctuary in Canada. Once in Canada, asylum seekers must prove\r\n\tto Canadian officials that they were are being persecuted in their homeland. If refugee status is granted, they may stay in Canada; otherwise, claimants may be deported.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration in the Late 20th Century<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>In the 1980s, the number of those entering Canada and applying for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">refugee<\/a> status grew, and the Canadian determination process was hard-pressed to process applicants quickly. Nor\r\n\twere refugee claimants universally welcomed by Canadians. Some Canadians worried that many of the refugee claimants were not really legitimate refugees but individuals looking for a way around tough Canadian immigration regulations.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The refugee issue was dramatically brought home to Canadians in the late 1980s, when two ships illegally stranded their respective cargoes of Sikh (<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sikhism\/\">Sikhism<\/a>) and Tamil\r\n\trefugee claimants on Canada's east coast. Amid greatly exaggerated fears that Canada was about to be \u201cflooded\u201d with refugees, Parliament and immigration authorities began tightening refugee regulations and procedures. The result has been a continual\r\n\tstreamlining or hardening of the Canadian refugee determination process. Canadian authorities have also been working closely with other countries and transportation companies to make it more difficult for individuals who might make a refugee claim to\r\n\treach Canada. Some Canadians are concerned that these changes mean that some legitimate refugees are now being denied sanctuary they are entitled to under international law.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>During the late 1980s and early 1990s, even as it was seeking to forestall the entry of would-be refugee claimants, Canada opened new avenues for other immigrants with employable skills or significant financial resources. Beginning during the\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\/\">Conservative<\/a> government of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">Brian Mulroney<\/a>, those with capital or skills necessary to invest\r\n\tand start businesses within Canada were invited to apply for Canadian immigration. The idea was that these initiatives would help create employment and wealth in Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>As a result, the number of entrepreneurial or business immigrants rose dramatically, reaching 6 per cent of all immigrants entering Canada. A good number of entrepreneurial-class immigrants came from Hong Kong, many seeking a safe harbour for themselves,\r\n\ttheir families, and their assets in advance of the Chinese takeover of Hong Kong in 1997. It was natural that many should respond to Canada's invitation and the opportunities offered for capital investment in Canada. As a result, Canada became a prime\r\n\tdestination for Hong Kong and other Chinese immigration and for capital in flight. Between 1981 and 1983, Chinese immigrants invested $1.1 billion in the Canadian economy. Hong Kong and other Chinese immigration has been especially pronounced in larger\r\n\turban areas such as Vancouver and Toronto, where the Chinese community now constitutes the largest immigrant group. However, most of these entrepreneurial-class immigrants did not arrive speaking English or French, and this prompted the Canadian government\r\n\tto introduce tougher language requirements for those coming to Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Immigration from Africa (mainly from South Africa, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Kenya, Ghana, Uganda, and Nigeria) also grew in the 1980s and 1990s. Some of these newcomers were professionals with academic qualifications seeking better working conditions in Canada.\r\n\tThe vast majority, however, were refugees fleeing war, famine, and political and economic instability in their countries of origin.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>With the economic slowdown of the 1990s, Canadian immigration re-emerged as a topic of public debate. This was only natural, given the continuing impact of immigration on Canadian society. While many economists argue that Canada, with its relatively low\r\n\tbirth rate and aging population, needs the infusion of population, energy, skills, capital and buying power that immigrants bring to Canada. Some continue to harbour doubts, however.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>With immigrants of non-European origin making up a large majority of those entering Canada, some Canadians have expressed uneasiness at the changing character of urban Canada. However, many of these prejudices towards Canadians of other ethnic and racial\r\n\torigins often tend to be exaggerated and harm minority communities.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Public debate on immigration in Canada has remained civil and has certainly been free of the kind of violence that the arrival of large numbers of immigrants has provoked in France and Germany.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Canadian Immigration since 11 September 2001<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>As a direct consequence of the events of 11 September 2001, the terrorist threat, and security issues, Canada has tightened its immigration policy. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11 and Canada<\/a>.)\r\n\tIn 2002, the <em>Immigration and Refugee Protection Act<\/em> (IRPA) was passed. The new law replaced the 1976 <em>Immigration Act<\/em>. It notably made immigration into Canada harder, including for refugees. However, the <em>Act<\/em> did also make it\r\n\teasier for people in common-law or same-sex relationships to enter Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada\u2019s harsher stance on refugee migration was reflected in how it treated Tamil asylum seekers in 2009\u00ad\u20132010. Seen as \u201cbogus\u201d refugees, many were imprisoned despite being legitimate refugees. Many Canadians reacted similarly to asylum seekers performing\r\n\tirregular crossings of the US-Canada border to seek protection in Canada. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Canada-United States Safe Third Country Agreement<\/a>.)\r\n\tThis was despite the fact that it is an internationally recognized human right to claim asylum in another country.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>These attitudes stood in stark contrast to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">Canadian response to the Syrian refugee crisis<\/a>. Between 2015 and 2017, Canada rapidly resettled\r\n\t54,000 Syrian refugees. While this number was greater than the US\u2019, Canada\u2019s contribution paled in comparison to other countries like Germany, Lebanon, Turkey, and Sweden.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Modern-Day Immigration to Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada receives a considerable number of immigrants every year. From 2001 to 2014, an average of around 249,500 landed immigrants settled in Canada every year. In 2015, more than 271,800 migrants were admitted while this number increased to over 296,300\r\n\tin 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Between 2016 and 2021, Canada welcomed a bit over 1.3 million immigrants. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">Census<\/a> data from 2021 shows that migrants from India, the Philippines and China were\r\n\tthe three most numerous groups of recent immigrants arriving in Canada. Around 18.6 per cent of recent immigrants were born in India, 11.4 per cent in the Philippines and 8.9 per cent in China. (<em>See<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">South Asian Canadians<\/a>;\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">Filipino Canadians<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">Chinese Canadians<\/a>.) Other major groups of immigrants originated from Syria\r\n\t(4.8 per cent), Nigeria (3 per cent), the United States (3 per cent), Pakistan (2.7 per cent), France (2 per cent), Iran (1.9 per cent) and the United Kingdom (1.7 per cent).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>Take the quiz!<\/strong>\r\n\t\t<br> Test your knowledge of multiculturalism in Canada by taking <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">this quiz<\/a>, offered by the Citizenship Challenge! A program of Historica Canada, the Citizenship\r\n\t\tChallenge invites Canadians to test their national knowledge by taking a mock citizenship <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">exam<\/a>, as well as other themed quizzes.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>The vast majority of newcomers (88.7 per cent) settled in four provinces: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">Ontario<\/a> (44 per cent), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">Quebec<\/a> (15.3\r\n\tper cent), <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">British Columbia<\/a> (14.9 per cent) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">Alberta<\/a> (14.5 per cent). Most of them also live in these\r\n\tprovinces\u2019 major urban centres like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">Toronto<\/a> (29.5 per cent), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">Montreal<\/a> (12.2 per cent) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">Vancouver<\/a>\t(11.7 per cent). These three cities alone receive over half of all recent immigrants. Although, this percentage has gone down as immigrants settled in other urban centres.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>According to the 2021 census, Canadians originally born outside of Canada made up 23 per cent (8.3 million people) of the Canadian population \u2015 a record-high proportion since 1921. Canada has the highest proportion of immigrants among G7 countries. (<em>See<\/em>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">Canada and the G7<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Modern Canada was built on the migration and contributions of many immigrant groups, beginning with the first French settlers, through newcomers from the United Kingdom, Central Europe, the Caribbean and Africa, to immigrants from Asia and the Middle\r\n\tEast. While the challenges posed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">racism<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">discrimination<\/a> remain, Canadian society\r\n\tremains generally open to immigration. Moreover, many immigrants\u2019 contribution to Canadian society and desire to help build a better society on Canadian soil is beyond dispute.<\/p>","slug":"immigration","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"en","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2013-04-23T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-08T14:50:24.000000Z"},{"id":"9de9dab4-6963-4d2a-9aff-37a3afe5f05a","article_id":"76085","title":"Inmigraci\u00f3n a Canad\u00e1","summary":"<p>El traslado de personas de un pa\u00eds a otro con fines de reasentamiento es fundamental para la historia canadiense. La historia de la inmigraci\u00f3n canadiense no es una historia de crecimiento demogr\u00e1fico ordenado; por el contrario, ha girado \u2014y sigue si\u00e9ndolo\u2014 en torno al \r\n desarrollo econ\u00f3mico, as\u00ed como a las actitudes y valores canadienses. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">Con frecuencia ha sido descaradamente ego\u00edsta desde el punto de vista econ\u00f3mico y discriminatorio desde el punto de vista \u00e9tnico o racial, a pesar de haber contribuido a crear una sociedad <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">multicultural<\/a> (<em>v\u00e9ase<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">Pol\u00edtica de inmigraci\u00f3n<\/a> en Canad\u00e1; Refugiados en Canad\u00e1).<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">La inmigraci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n ha contribuido a desposeer a los pueblos ind\u00edgenas de sus tierras \r\n ancestrales.<\/a><\/p><p>(Este art\u00edculo es el texto completo sobre la inmigraci\u00f3n a Canad\u00e1. Si desea leer un resumen en lenguaje sencillo, consulte <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">Inmigraci\u00f3n a Canad\u00e1 (resumen en lenguaje sencillo<\/a>).)<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"Inmigrantes gallegos\" alt=\"Inmigrantes gallegos\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"Ni\u00f1os hu\u00e9rfanos con destino a Canad\u00e1\" alt=\"Ni\u00f1os hu\u00e9rfanos con destino a Canad\u00e1\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"Doukhobors rusos\" alt=\"Doukhobors rusos\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"Inmigrantes\" alt=\"Inmigrantes\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"\u00daltimo Best West\" alt=\"\u00daltimo Best West\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Inmigraci\u00f3n a Nueva Francia (siglos XVI-XVIII)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Durante el siglo XVII y gran parte del XVIII, las administraciones coloniales europeas, encargadas de supervisar lo que se convertir\u00eda en Canad\u00e1, no consideraron que los asentamientos fueran una prioridad. Al principio, los gobiernos franc\u00e9s o brit\u00e1nico no parec\u00edan dispuestos a gastar las enormes cantidades \r\n de dinero o energ\u00eda necesarias para fomentar los asentamientos. La migraci\u00f3n a Canad\u00e1 tampoco era popular en Francia o Gran Breta\u00f1a. Los aventureros, los exploradores y, en particular, los comerciantes que actuaban en nombre de los intereses brit\u00e1nicos o franceses tem\u00edan la interferencia de los colonos en este lucrativo \r\n comercio (<em>v\u00e9ase<\/em> Comercio de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/fur-trade\/\">pieles<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sin embargo, la pol\u00edtica cambi\u00f3 con el tiempo y las autoridades coloniales alentaron lenta y cuidadosamente el asentamiento en Canad\u00e1. Esperaban que los colonos garantizaran la soberan\u00eda de las reivindicaciones territoriales coloniales y explotaran los recursos naturales, a menudo en nombre de los inversores \r\n europeos. Tambi\u00e9n se esperaba que los colonos convirtieran a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">los pueblos ind\u00edgenas<\/a> al cristianismo. Los asentamientos crecieron gradualmente, pero no sin dificultades. \r\nLa poblaci\u00f3n de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/new-france\/\">Nueva Francia<\/a> en la \u00e9poca de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">conquista<\/a> brit\u00e1nica (1759-1760) era de unos 65.000 habitantes. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\">En \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\">Nueva Escocia<\/a>, la comunidad <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/scots\">escocesa<\/a> trasplantada se complement\u00f3 con colonos alemanes y suizos.<\/a><\/a> A finales del siglo XVIII, los colonos <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\">irlandeses<\/a> reforzaron la poblaci\u00f3n de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">Terranova<\/a>. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Aunque la victoria brit\u00e1nica limit\u00f3 la migraci\u00f3n desde Francia (<em>v\u00e9ase tambi\u00e9n<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-immigration-in-canada\">Inmigraci\u00f3n francesa en Canad\u00e1<\/a>), no provoc\u00f3 inmediatamente un gran n\u00famero \r\n de inmigrantes de habla inglesa. A excepci\u00f3n de un pu\u00f1ado de administradores, personal militar y comerciantes brit\u00e1nicos que llenaron el vac\u00edo dejado por sus hom\u00f3logos franceses que se marcharon, pocos colonos angloparlantes parec\u00edan interesados en Canad\u00e1. De hecho, \r\n es dudoso que los nuevos administradores brit\u00e1nicos hubieran acogido con benepl\u00e1cito a los colonos. Estos \u00faltimos tem\u00edan que la afluencia de colonos <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">protestantes<\/a> de habla inglesa complicara la \r\n administraci\u00f3n en un territorio franc\u00f3fono <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">cat\u00f3lico romano<\/a> recientemente conquistado. La mayor\u00eda de los inmigrantes brit\u00e1nicos estaban mucho m\u00e1s inclinados a buscar el clima m\u00e1s templado y las instituciones \r\n sociales familiares de las colonias americanas al sur de Canad\u00e1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1nQwJ4NDRaO1PhAPuWnxDoGN2adxIhoqj\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>Inmigraci\u00f3n leal (siglos XVIII-XIX)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Muchos de los nuevos gobernantes brit\u00e1nicos de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/province-of-quebec-1763-91\">Quebec<\/a> pronto se vieron obligados a aceptar a muchos miles de colonos angloparlantes y mayoritariamente protestantes desplazados por la Revoluci\u00f3n Americana. \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">Conocidos como <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\">leales<\/a> al Imperio Unido, eran en su mayor\u00eda refugiados pol\u00edticos.<\/a> Muchos de ellos emigraron hacia el norte \r\n no por elecci\u00f3n, sino porque ten\u00edan que hacerlo. Muchos no quer\u00edan convertirse en ciudadanos de la nueva rep\u00fablica estadounidense o porque tem\u00edan represalias por su apoyo p\u00fablico a los brit\u00e1nicos. Para estos leales, Canad\u00e1 era una tierra de segunda elecci\u00f3n, como lo \r\n ser\u00eda para un sinn\u00famero de futuros inmigrantes que llegaban porque quedarse en casa no era deseable y la entrada a otros pa\u00edses, a menudo a los Estados Unidos, estaba restringida.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La migraci\u00f3n leal cont\u00f3 con el apoyo de las autoridades canadienses, que ofrecieron suministros a los nuevos colonos y organizaron la distribuci\u00f3n de la tierra. A pesar de las penurias que soportaron los colonos, su dif\u00edcil situaci\u00f3n se vio agravada por la intervenci\u00f3n de agentes del gobierno, \r\n una pr\u00e1ctica que se repite muchas veces en Canad\u00e1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Muchos <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">negros leales<\/a> tambi\u00e9n abandonaron los Estados Unidos para irse a la Norteam\u00e9rica brit\u00e1nica. A pesar de haberse puesto del lado de los brit\u00e1nicos durante la Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos, los \r\n negros leales se enfrentaron a una hostilidad racista y a una desigualdad considerable. A pesar de ello, perseveraron y construyeron comunidades fuertes, sobre todo en ciudades como <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/shelburne\">Shelburne<\/a> y Birchtown, en Nueva Escocia. \r\n (<em>V\u00e9ase tambi\u00e9n<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-feature\">La llegada de los leales negros a Nueva Escocia<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Inmigraci\u00f3n irlandesa (siglo XIX)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>A mediados del siglo XIX, las colonias \u2014en particular Canad\u00e1 Occidental\u2014 volvieron a un patr\u00f3n de crecimiento econ\u00f3mico terriblemente lento y err\u00e1tico. La inmigraci\u00f3n promovida oficialmente desde Gran Breta\u00f1a e incluso desde Estados Unidos fue ocupando gradualmente las mejores tierras \r\n agr\u00edcolas de la colonia y fortaleciendo la creaci\u00f3n de nuevas ciudades comerciales o administrativas. Los nuevos inmigrantes eran en general similares a los de la comunidad establecida. Sin embargo, la gran hambruna de patatas en Irlanda y, en menor medida, una serie de rebeliones europeas fallidas \r\n en 1848 enviaron nuevas cohortes de inmigrantes a Norteam\u00e9rica.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/a1d07311-76d4-4add-a712-6cf7e3974330.jpg\" title=\"Inmigrantes irlandeses\" alt=\"Inmigrantes irlandeses\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31e9a52d-4036-4435-9432-137b0f21fbda.jpg\" title=\"Inmigraci\u00f3n irlandesa\" alt=\"Inmigraci\u00f3n irlandesa\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>De estas decenas de miles de migrantes, muchos eran <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">irlandeses<\/a> cuya llegada a Canad\u00e1 inici\u00f3 importantes cambios sociales y econ\u00f3micos. En muchos aspectos, los irlandeses fueron la primera cohorte importante de inmigrantes extranjeros \r\n de Canad\u00e1, despu\u00e9s de los ingleses y los franceses. Aunque los irlandeses generalmente hablaban ingl\u00e9s, no reflejaban los valores sociales, culturales o religiosos de los anglocanadienses. Formaron una minor\u00eda cat\u00f3lica romana en un Canad\u00e1 occidental predominantemente protestante. \r\nSin embargo, los cat\u00f3licos irlandeses se sent\u00edan un poco m\u00e1s a gusto con los francocanadienses que compart\u00edan su fe pero no su idioma. La lealtad de muchos de estos inmigrantes irlandeses a la Corona brit\u00e1nica tambi\u00e9n parec\u00eda sospechosa en Canad\u00e1, donde se exig\u00eda una lealtad ardiente como garant\u00eda \r\n contra la amenaza del republicanismo estadounidense.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/history-of-agriculture\/\">Tras escapar de una vida agraria en la que la agricultura era sin\u00f3nimo de pobreza y dependencia, algunos irlandeses asolados por la hambruna mostraron poco o ning\u00fan entusiasmo por la vida agr\u00edcola (v\u00e9ase Historia de la agricultura).<\/a><\/em> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/railway-history\/\">En vez de eso, los irlandeses trabajaban por temporadas en el reci\u00e9n ampliado sistema de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canals-and-inland-waterways\/\">canales<\/a>, en la industria <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/timber-trade-history\/\">maderera<\/a> y en la floreciente red ferroviaria. \r\n \r\n<\/a> Debido a su condici\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica menos afortunada, as\u00ed como a sus distintas identidades \u00e9tnicas y religiosas, surgieron barrios irlandeses separados en las ciudades y pueblos m\u00e1s grandes de Canad\u00e1. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migraci\u00f3n occidental (siglo XIX y principios del XX)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\/\">Con una tasa de mortalidad relativamente baja, una tasa de natalidad alta y una migraci\u00f3n peque\u00f1a pero continua desde las Islas Brit\u00e1nicas, la era inmediatamente posterior a la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/confederation\/\">Confederaci\u00f3n<\/a> tuvo sus problemas de superpoblaci\u00f3n (ver Poblaci\u00f3n). \r\n \r\n<\/a><\/em> Este problema se agrav\u00f3 a\u00fan m\u00e1s por la creciente escasez de tierras cultivables.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Mientras tanto, Estados Unidos \u2014con su suministro aparentemente ilimitado de tierra libre y f\u00e9rtil\u2014 atrajo a miles de nuevos inmigrantes y anglocanadienses. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franco-americans\/\">La industria estadounidense atrajo a muchos francocanadienses para trabajar en las f\u00e1bricas de Nueva Inglaterra (v\u00e9ase franco-estadounidenses). \r\n<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/metis\">Hacia finales del siglo XIX, las futuras <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prairie\/\">provincias de las praderas<\/a> de Canad\u00e1 se abrieron a la colonizaci\u00f3n, pero solo despu\u00e9s de desplazar de sus tierras a los pueblos mestizos y de <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-nations\">las Primeras Naciones<\/a>, a veces de forma violenta.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">(<em>V\u00e9ase tambi\u00e9n<\/em> Rebeli\u00f3n del Noroeste).<\/a> Sin embargo, \r\n la migraci\u00f3n a gran escala solo aument\u00f3 cuando tambi\u00e9n aument\u00f3 la necesidad de productos agr\u00edcolas como el trigo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La demanda de productos agr\u00edcolas, especialmente de trigo duro, coincidi\u00f3 con la elecci\u00f3n del gobierno de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">Wilfrid Laurier<\/a>, que alent\u00f3 el asentamiento occidental con una inmigraci\u00f3n a gran escala. \r\nEl nuevo ministro del Interior de Canad\u00e1, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">Clifford Sifton<\/a>, organiz\u00f3 un programa de inmigraci\u00f3n renovado y de gran alcance. Incluso estaba dispuesto, si no a rega\u00f1adientes, a admitir a \r\n colonos agr\u00edcolas de lugares distintos de las Islas Brit\u00e1nicas, el norte de Europa y los Estados Unidos. <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">Sin embargo, la voluntad de Sifton de abrir la inmigraci\u00f3n fuera de las fuentes tradicionales no reflejaba la pol\u00edtica de inmigraci\u00f3n canadiense.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Para los canadienses de habla inglesa, la definici\u00f3n tradicional de inmigrantes ideales puede haberse modificado, pero no se alter\u00f3 radicalmente. El gobierno canadiense prefer\u00eda a los inmigrantes blancos angloparlantes del Imperio Brit\u00e1nico y de los Estados Unidos. Al \r\n mismo tiempo, a los migrantes no blancos se les neg\u00f3 la entrada por motivos <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">racistas<\/a>. Los inmigrantes ideales eran granjeros independientes brit\u00e1nicos o estadounidenses que se establecieran en Occidente.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Presionadas por los intereses empresariales y ferroviarios para aumentar la inmigraci\u00f3n, las autoridades de inmigraci\u00f3n equilibraron sus ansiedades \u00e9tnicas con la b\u00fasqueda fren\u00e9tica de colonos. Enumeraron a los colonos ideales seg\u00fan su preferencia descendente. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">Los agricultores brit\u00e1nicos y estadounidenses \r\n fueron seguidos por franceses, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">belgas, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">holandeses<\/a>, escandinavos<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">suizos<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">finlandeses<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">rusos<\/a>, austroh\u00fangaros (<em>v\u00e9ase<\/em> austr\u00edacos y h\u00fangaros), alemanes, ucranianos y polacos. \r\n \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a> \r\nCasi al final de la lista estaban aquellos que eran, tanto en la mente del p\u00fablico como del gobierno, menos asimilables y menos deseables, por ejemplo, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">los italianos<\/a>, los eslavos del sur, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">los griegos<\/a> y los sirios (<em>ver<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">\u00e1rabes canadienses<\/a>). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">En el \u00faltimo lugar estaban <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">los jud\u00edos, los \r\n asi\u00e1ticos, los<\/a> roman\u00edes y los negros. \r\n<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ottawa, sin embargo, no ten\u00eda la \u00fanica voz en lo que respecta a la inmigraci\u00f3n. La <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>Ley brit\u00e1nica sobre Norteam\u00e9rica<\/em><\/a> tambi\u00e9n dio a las provincias voz en materia de inmigraci\u00f3n \r\n si as\u00ed lo deseaban. Quebec estaba particularmente interesado en hacerlo y cre\u00f3 su propio departamento de inmigraci\u00f3n. Esto se debi\u00f3 en parte a la expansi\u00f3n del Canad\u00e1 angloparlante y a un esfuerzo por detener, si no revertir, la migraci\u00f3n de los j\u00f3venes de las zonas rurales de \r\n Quebec a Nueva Inglaterra. En cooperaci\u00f3n con las autoridades federales, se enviaron agentes de inmigraci\u00f3n a Nueva Inglaterra para alentar a los francocanadienses a regresar a sus hogares para establecerse en tierras agr\u00edcolas nuevas pero marginales. El programa tuvo un \u00e9xito limitado, \r\n pero la participaci\u00f3n de Quebec en la gesti\u00f3n de sus propias prioridades de inmigraci\u00f3n continu\u00f3.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migrantes y centros urbanos<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>A pesar de las precauciones del gobierno, no todos los inmigrantes se comprometieron con la explotaci\u00f3n de los recursos o la agricultura. Al igual que los irlandeses antes que ellos, muchos inmigrantes que no hablaban ingl\u00e9s y que en su mayor\u00eda no eran protestantes rechazaron una vida de aislamiento rural y optaron por \r\n trabajar en las ciudades. Adem\u00e1s, muchos de estos migrantes consideraban que solo viv\u00edan temporalmente en Canad\u00e1 o Norteam\u00e9rica. Algunos buscaban ganar suficiente dinero para comprar un terreno en casa, reunir una dote para una hermana o saldar una deuda familiar. \r\nSin embargo, los muchos que adoptaron las definiciones norteamericanas de \u00e9xito o que no pudieron regresar a sus hogares debido a los trastornos pol\u00edticos se establecieron en Canad\u00e1. Si era posible, tra\u00edan a sus esposas e hijos para que se unieran a ellos.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"Trabajadores del Centro de Inmigraci\u00f3n, Quebec, alrededor de 1911 \" alt=\"Trabajadores del Centro de Inmigraci\u00f3n, Quebec, alrededor de 1911 \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Los migrantes de or\u00edgenes cada vez m\u00e1s diversos comenzaron a emigrar a Canad\u00e1, entre ellos <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">macedonios<\/a>, rusos, finlandeses y chinos.<\/a> A muchos de estos nuevos migrantes se les hab\u00eda permitido entrar en Canad\u00e1 para satisfacer la necesidad de mano de obra barata o de un grupo de artesanos calificados para trabajar en f\u00e1bricas o en la construcci\u00f3n. Algunos trabajaban en la miner\u00eda o la madera, otros, como los chinos, trabajaban para terminar el \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-pacific-railway\">Canadian<\/a> Pacific Railway. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">Muchos se establecieron en las principales ciudades como <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">Montreal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">Winnipeg<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">Toronto<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hamilton\/\">Hamilton<\/a> y Vancouver.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">Sin embargo, estos inmigrantes se enfrentaron a ansiedades \r\n y prejuicios \u00e9tnicos y religiosos que antes solo estaban reservados a los irlandeses.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La llegada de inmigrantes de or\u00edgenes culturales dr\u00e1sticamente diferentes gener\u00f3 cierta hostilidad racista por parte de muchos canadienses. Algunos canadienses respondieron con una tolerancia digna. Reconocieron que estos extranjeros hab\u00edan llegado para quedarse, que su trabajo \r\n y sus habilidades eran necesarios y que sus condiciones de vida estaban sujetas a mejoras. Los inmigrantes desempe\u00f1aron un papel econ\u00f3mico vital en los centros urbanos: tendieron v\u00edas para <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">tranv\u00edas<\/a>, \r\n trabajaron en las <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">f\u00e1bricas textiles<\/a> en expansi\u00f3n y cavaron los sistemas de alcantarillado. Sin embargo, muchos canadienses exigieron un control m\u00e1s estricto de la inmigraci\u00f3n por motivos \u00e9tnicos o raciales. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Inmigraci\u00f3n y racismo<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>La pol\u00edtica y la administraci\u00f3n de inmigraci\u00f3n canadienses han cedido ante la necesidad econ\u00f3mica al permitir la entrada de algunos migrantes a Canad\u00e1. Sin embargo, solo lo hizo a rega\u00f1adientes. Muy pronto, se establecieron controles de inmigraci\u00f3n restrictivos para detener la inmigraci\u00f3n por motivos \u00e9tnicos \r\n y raciales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"Certificado de inmigraci\u00f3n chino\" alt=\"Certificado de inmigraci\u00f3n chino\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>La migraci\u00f3n china fue un objetivo particular. Medidas como el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">impuesto por habitante<\/a> chino, los impuestos de aterrizaje, los acuerdos de restricci\u00f3n bilaterales y otras restricciones de viaje \r\n pr\u00e1cticamente prohibieron la inmigraci\u00f3n china a Canad\u00e1. (<em>V\u00e9ase tambi\u00e9n<\/em> la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">Ley de Inmigraci\u00f3n de China<\/a>). Las autoridades canadienses tambi\u00e9n se negaron a permitir el asentamiento de mujeres inmigrantes \r\n chinas. El gobierno tem\u00eda que esto alentara a los hombres chinos, que se encontraban temporalmente en Canad\u00e1 como trabajadores ferroviarios o mineros, a establecerse permanentemente. Exist\u00edan temores racistas generalizados de que se produjera un supuesto \u00abpeligro amarillo\u00bb que pusiera en peligro el tejido moral de \r\n la sociedad canadiense.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1914, casi 400 inmigrantes indios a bordo del barco <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>Komagata Maru<\/em><\/a> languidecieron en el puerto de Vancouver mientras las autoridades canadienses debat\u00edan qu\u00e9 hacer con ellos. A pesar de \r\n ser s\u00fabditos del Imperio Brit\u00e1nico, los pasajeros hab\u00edan denunciado las restricciones racistas impuestas por Canad\u00e1 a la migraci\u00f3n del sur de Asia. La nueva marina canadiense, en acci\u00f3n por primera vez, escolt\u00f3 al barco fuera de aguas canadienses mientras muchos residentes de Vancouver lo aplaud\u00edan desde la costa con aplausos\r\n. Muchos de los pasajeros morir\u00edan m\u00e1s tarde cuando volvieran a la India<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Durante la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">Primera Guerra Mundial<\/a>, estall\u00f3 la histeria antialemana en Canad\u00e1. Esta hostilidad xen\u00f3foba se dirigi\u00f3 en gran medida contra quienes ten\u00edan v\u00ednculos con pa\u00edses enemigos. Sin embargo, \r\n los extranjeros con v\u00ednculos con pa\u00edses aliados a Canad\u00e1 tambi\u00e9n fueron atacados. A pesar de las necesidades de personal militar canadiense, tanto las autoridades brit\u00e1nicas como las canadienses consideraron que, siempre que era posible, los extranjeros pertenec\u00edan a ej\u00e9rcitos extranjeros. Se alentaba a grupos como los italianos, los \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/serbs\/\">serbios, los<\/a> polacos y algunos jud\u00edos a regresar a los ej\u00e9rcitos de su madre patria o eran reclutados en unidades espec\u00edficas del ej\u00e9rcito brit\u00e1nico reservadas a los extranjeros aliados de diversos or\u00edgenes. \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-army\">Sin ej\u00e9rcitos nacionales propios a los que unirse, muchos jud\u00edos, macedonios y ucranianos se alistaron como voluntarios en el ej\u00e9rcito canadiense.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Entre 1910 y 1911, se difundieron rumores de que un grupo de personas negras se preparaba para emigrar al centro de Alberta. Descendientes de personas anteriormente esclavizadas, estaban siendo expulsados de sus tierras en el territorio de Oklahoma, donde se les hab\u00edan otorgado propiedades con la esperanza de construir una nueva vida. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La respuesta p\u00fablica y pol\u00edtica en Alberta fue inmediata y predecible. Las autoridades federales iniciaron un plan ingeniosamente simple. Ninguna disposici\u00f3n de la <em>Ley de Inmigraci\u00f3n<\/em> prohib\u00eda espec\u00edficamente a los estadounidenses de raza negra, pero las disposiciones m\u00e9dicas de la ley pod\u00edan denegar de hecho el \r\n acceso a Canad\u00e1 a cualquier inmigrante por motivos de salud. El gobierno se limit\u00f3 a dar instrucciones a los inspectores de inmigraci\u00f3n y a sus auxiliares m\u00e9dicos a lo largo de la frontera estadounidense para que rechazaran a todos los negros por considerarlos no aptos para el ingreso por motivos m\u00e9dicos. No \r\n hubo apelaci\u00f3n. Se advirti\u00f3 a los negros que no deber\u00edan perder su tiempo y dinero considerando la posibilidad de inmigrar a Canad\u00e1. (<em>V\u00e9ase tambi\u00e9n<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deemed-unsuitable-black-pioneers-in-western-canada-feature\">Order-in-Council P.C<\/a>. 1911\u20141324.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Como resultado del devastador colapso econ\u00f3mico provocado por la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/great-depression\/\">Gran Depresi\u00f3n, el enfoque del gobierno con respecto a la inmigraci\u00f3n<\/a> se endureci\u00f3. Las autoridades de inmigraci\u00f3n pasaron a \r\n prevenir activamente la migraci\u00f3n a Canad\u00e1. Para 1933, Hitler gobernaba Alemania, y millones de opositores pol\u00edticos y jud\u00edos podr\u00edan haber sobrevivido si Canad\u00e1 u otros pa\u00edses hubieran ofrecido un hogar a v\u00edctimas inocentes. Si bien muchos canadienses respondieron a los \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">refugiados<\/a> con una mezcla de simpat\u00eda por su desesperada situaci\u00f3n y avergonzados por la falta de ayuda gubernamental, otros, como el gabinete federal, muchos miembros del cuerpo diplom\u00e1tico \r\n y los responsables de la pol\u00edtica de inmigraci\u00f3n, reaccionaron con alarma ante cualquier presi\u00f3n para aceptar a jud\u00edos o refugiados pol\u00edticos que huyeran de Alemania. Como resultado, pocos refugiados pudieron eludir las restricciones de inmigraci\u00f3n de Canad\u00e1. (<em>V\u00e9ase tambi\u00e9n<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">la Sra. St. Louis<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Desmantelando las barreras raciales y \u00e9tnicas<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Al final de la guerra en 1945, las regulaciones de inmigraci\u00f3n canadienses permanecieron sin cambios con respecto a los restrictivos a\u00f1os anteriores a la guerra. Sin embargo, el cambio no tard\u00f3 en llegar. Impulsado por el auge econ\u00f3mico de la posguerra, el crecimiento del mercado laboral y la consiguiente demanda de mano de obra, Canad\u00e1 \r\n reabri\u00f3 gradualmente sus puertas a la inmigraci\u00f3n europea. Inicialmente, Canad\u00e1 prefer\u00eda tradicionalmente a los inmigrantes (los del Reino Unido y Europa occidental), pero con el tiempo tambi\u00e9n se decant\u00f3 por los inmigrantes del resto de Europa. Sin embargo, con el inicio de la Guerra Fr\u00eda, la inmigraci\u00f3n \r\n de Europa del Este se detuvo. La Uni\u00f3n Sovi\u00e9tica y sus aliados cerraron las fronteras del oeste. Sin embargo, un gran n\u00famero de inmigrantes ingresaron a Canad\u00e1 desde el sur de Europa, particularmente desde Italia, Grecia y Portugal.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"Los inmigrantes holandeses llegan a Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Los inmigrantes holandeses llegan a Qu\u00e9bec\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>A diferencia de la inmigraci\u00f3n de d\u00e9cadas anteriores, la inmigraci\u00f3n de posguerra no se dirigi\u00f3 exclusivamente a las industrias extractivas de recursos agr\u00edcolas o rurales. Canad\u00e1 sali\u00f3 de la Segunda Guerra Mundial como una potencia urbana e industrial, y muchos inmigrantes de la posguerra \r\n pronto ocuparon puestos en los sectores manufacturero y de la construcci\u00f3n. Algunos ayudaron a expandir la infraestructura de la ciudad, mientras que otros, como los inmigrantes mejor educados, satisficieron la fuerte demanda de profesionales capacitados y calificados.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La inmigraci\u00f3n canadiense experiment\u00f3 otros cambios dram\u00e1ticos en los a\u00f1os de la posguerra. Los gobiernos canadienses, federales y provinciales, cedieron lentamente a la presi\u00f3n ejercida por una generaci\u00f3n anterior \r\n de inmigrantes y sus hijos en favor de la reforma de los <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/human-rights\/\">derechos humanos<\/a>. Los inmigrantes, cada vez m\u00e1s de clase media y pol\u00edticamente activos, ahora bien integrados, se sacrificaron por una causa com\u00fan con otros canadienses en el esfuerzo b\u00e9lico; por eso, en la era de la posguerra, \r\n se negaron a asumir un estatus de segunda clase en un pa\u00eds que hab\u00edan ayudado a proteger. Con el apoyo de canadienses con ideas afines, denunciaron la discriminaci\u00f3n \u00e9tnica y racial contra ellos y exigieron una reforma de los derechos humanos. Obligaron a los gobiernos a legislar contra \r\n la discriminaci\u00f3n por motivos de raza, religi\u00f3n y origen en \u00e1reas como el empleo, el alojamiento y la educaci\u00f3n. Y, justo cuando Canad\u00e1 declaraba ilegal la discriminaci\u00f3n en el pa\u00eds, el gobierno tom\u00f3 medidas para eliminar gradualmente las barreras raciales, religiosas o \u00e9tnicas \r\n a la inmigraci\u00f3n canadiense.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>A fines de la d\u00e9cada de 1960, la discriminaci\u00f3n racial manifiesta en la pol\u00edtica de inmigraci\u00f3n hab\u00eda desaparecido de la legislaci\u00f3n y los reglamentos de inmigraci\u00f3n canadienses. Esto abri\u00f3 las puertas de Canad\u00e1 a muchas de las personas que anteriormente habr\u00edan sido rechazadas por considerarlas \u00abindeseables\u00bb por motivos \r\n de raza o etnia. En 1971, por primera vez en la historia de Canad\u00e1, la mayor\u00eda de las personas que inmigraron a Canad\u00e1 eran de ascendencia no europea. Desde entonces, este ha sido el caso todos los a\u00f1os.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Sistema de puntos de inmigraci\u00f3n<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Eso no significa que cualquier persona que desee ingresar a Canad\u00e1 pueda hacerlo. Si bien las restricciones por motivos de raza u origen nacional han desaparecido, Canad\u00e1 sigue manteniendo criterios estrictos para determinar qui\u00e9n es y qui\u00e9n no es un candidato deseable para ingresar a Canad\u00e1. \r\nA fines de la d\u00e9cada de 1960, Canad\u00e1 introdujo un sistema de puntos para establecer est\u00e1ndares basados en el m\u00e9rito para las personas que solicitan inmigrar a Canad\u00e1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Seg\u00fan este sistema, a cada solicitante se le otorgan puntos por su edad, educaci\u00f3n, capacidad de hablar ingl\u00e9s o franc\u00e9s y por la demanda de habilidades laborales de ese solicitante en particular. Si un solicitante gozaba de buena salud y buen car\u00e1cter, adem\u00e1s de haber obtenido suficientes puntos, \r\n se le conced\u00eda la admisi\u00f3n junto con su c\u00f3nyuge e hijos a cargo. A los que no obtuvieron suficientes puntos se les neg\u00f3 la admisi\u00f3n. M\u00e1s recientemente, Canad\u00e1 modific\u00f3 sus procedimientos para dar preferencia a la admisi\u00f3n de inmigrantes independientes, calificados \r\n y con posibilidades de empleo inmediato.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Una vez establecidos en Canad\u00e1, la mayor\u00eda de los reci\u00e9n llegados (ahora denominados \u00abinmigrantes terrestres\u00bb) reciben todos los derechos de un ciudadano canadiense, excepto, en particular, el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">derecho al voto<\/a>. Tras un \r\n n\u00famero determinado de a\u00f1os de residencia en Canad\u00e1 (en la actualidad, tres de cada cinco a\u00f1os), cada inmigrante desembarcado puede solicitar la ciudadan\u00eda canadiense. Adem\u00e1s, los inmigrantes terrestres, al igual que los ciudadanos canadienses, tambi\u00e9n pueden solicitar el patrocinio de la admisi\u00f3n a Canad\u00e1 de \r\n familiares cercanos que, de otro modo, no podr\u00edan cumplir con los estrictos criterios de admisi\u00f3n canadienses. El patrocinador debe estar de acuerdo en garantizar que cualquier persona que ingrese a Canad\u00e1 no se convierta en una carga econ\u00f3mica para la sociedad canadiense. Durante muchos a\u00f1os, las familias apadrinadas de quienes \r\n ya estaban en Canad\u00e1 constituyeron el grupo m\u00e1s grande de personas admitidas en Canad\u00e1. (<em>Ver<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">Reunificaci\u00f3n familiar en Canad\u00e1)<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migraci\u00f3n de refugiados despu\u00e9s de 1945<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Desde el final de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Segunda Guerra Mundial<\/a>, los refugiados y otras personas despose\u00eddas por la guerra y la violencia se han convertido en una parte importante del flujo de inmigraci\u00f3n de Canad\u00e1. Durante la escasez de mano de \r\n obra de la posguerra, Canad\u00e1 admiti\u00f3 a decenas de miles de personas desplazadas. Muchas se hab\u00edan quedado sin hogar a causa de la guerra o que, al final de la guerra, se encontraban fuera de su pa\u00eds de ciudadan\u00eda, al que se negaron a regresar. Entre las personas desplazadas \r\n hab\u00eda supervivientes jud\u00edos del Holocausto que no ten\u00edan ninguna comunidad o familia a la que pudieran regresar. Otras personas desplazadas se negaron a ser repatriadas a pa\u00edses que hab\u00edan ca\u00eddo bajo el dominio sovi\u00e9tico. Muchos se reasentaron en Canad\u00e1, donde construyeron nuevas vidas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Durante las d\u00e9cadas de 1960 y 1970, Canad\u00e1 tambi\u00e9n respondi\u00f3 a la dif\u00edcil situaci\u00f3n de los refugiados de otros pa\u00edses que estaban bajo dictaduras. Tras el fallido levantamiento h\u00fangaro de 1956 y el aplastamiento de la reforma pol\u00edtica en Checoslovaquia por la Uni\u00f3n \r\n Sovi\u00e9tica en 1968, los refugiados huyeron hacia el oeste. Canad\u00e1 respondi\u00f3 dejando de lado sus procedimientos de inmigraci\u00f3n normales para admitir su cuota de refugiados. En los a\u00f1os siguientes, Canad\u00e1 volvi\u00f3 a conceder subsidios especiales a los refugiados que huyeran de los trastornos pol\u00edticos en \r\n Uganda, Chile y otros lugares. (<em>V\u00e9ase tambi\u00e9n<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/latin-americans\/\">Latinoamericanos<\/a>). En cada uno de estos casos, los refugiados fueron admitidos como una excepci\u00f3n a las normas de inmigraci\u00f3n y sin \r\n seguir todos los procedimientos de inmigraci\u00f3n habituales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1978, Canad\u00e1 promulg\u00f3 una nueva <em>ley de inmigraci\u00f3n<\/em> que, por primera vez, reafirm\u00f3 el compromiso de Canad\u00e1 con el reasentamiento de los refugiados que hu\u00edan de la opresi\u00f3n. Es decir, personas que tienen un temor fundado de persecuci\u00f3n en su pa\u00eds de ciudadan\u00eda. \r\nEn consecuencia, los refugiados ya no ser\u00edan admitidos en Canad\u00e1 como una excepci\u00f3n a las regulaciones de inmigraci\u00f3n. La admisi\u00f3n de refugiados forma ahora parte de las leyes y reglamentos de inmigraci\u00f3n del Canad\u00e1. Sin embargo, la admisi\u00f3n de refugiados sigue siendo controvertida y dif\u00edcil de \r\n administrar. (<em>V\u00e9ase tambi\u00e9n<\/em> la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">pol\u00edtica canadiense sobre refugiados<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"Refugiados vietnamitas en Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Refugiados vietnamitas en Qu\u00e9bec\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>El primer programa importante de reasentamiento de refugiados en virtud de esta nueva legislaci\u00f3n tuvo lugar a principios de la d\u00e9cada de 1980, cuando Canad\u00e1 lider\u00f3 el mundo occidental en su acogida a los refugiados del sudeste asi\u00e1tico y, en particular, a los de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">Vietnam<\/a>, a los que a \r\n menudo se hace referencia como los \u00abhabitantes de los barcos\u00bb. Muchos de los refugiados que viajaban en barco fueron seleccionados entre los que escaparon de Vietnam en peque\u00f1as embarcaciones y, finalmente, se vieron confinados en campos de refugiados en Tailandia o Hong Kong en espera de un hogar permanente. (<em>V\u00e9ase tambi\u00e9n<\/em> la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-boat-people-refugee-crisis\">respuesta \r\n canadiense a la crisis de los refugiados de los \u00abbarcos\u00bb<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Algunas personas que buscan protecci\u00f3n no son seleccionadas por los funcionarios de inmigraci\u00f3n, sino que vienen a Canad\u00e1 para solicitar el estatuto de refugiado. Estos \u00absolicitantes de asilo\u00bb a veces llegaban a Canad\u00e1 despu\u00e9s de desembarcar de vuelos entre Europa del Este y Cuba que aterrizaban \r\n para repostar en Gander (Terranova). Muchos de ellos trataron de escapar del horror de la guerra y la persecuci\u00f3n en Centroam\u00e9rica, \u00c1frica, Oriente Medio, el subcontinente indio y China para buscar refugio en Canad\u00e1. Una vez en Canad\u00e1, los solicitantes de asilo deben demostrar \r\n a las autoridades canadienses que est\u00e1n siendo perseguidos en su tierra natal. Si se les concede el estatuto de refugiado, pueden permanecer en Canad\u00e1; de lo contrario, los solicitantes pueden ser deportados.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>La inmigraci\u00f3n a finales del siglo XX<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>En la d\u00e9cada de 1980, aument\u00f3 el n\u00famero de personas que ingresaron a Canad\u00e1 y <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">solicitaron el estatuto de refugiado<\/a>, y el proceso de determinaci\u00f3n canadiense tuvo dificultades para procesar a los solicitantes r\u00e1pidamente. \r\nLos canadienses tampoco acog\u00edan universalmente a los solicitantes de asilo. A algunos canadienses les preocupaba que muchos de los solicitantes de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado no fueran realmente refugiados leg\u00edtimos, sino personas que buscaban una forma de eludir las estrictas normas de inmigraci\u00f3n canadienses.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La cuesti\u00f3n de los refugiados se hizo evidente entre los canadienses a finales de la d\u00e9cada de 1980, cuando dos barcos dejaron varados ilegalmente sus respectivos cargamentos de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sikhism\/\">sijs (<em>v\u00e9ase<\/em> sijismo<\/a>) y tamiles \r\n que solicitaban la condici\u00f3n de refugiado en la costa este de Canad\u00e1. Ante el temor exagerado de que Canad\u00e1 estuviera a punto de quedar \u00abinundado\u00bb de refugiados, el Parlamento y las autoridades de inmigraci\u00f3n empezaron a endurecer las normas y procedimientos en materia de refugiados. El resultado ha sido una continua \r\n racionalizaci\u00f3n o endurecimiento del proceso canadiense de determinaci\u00f3n de la condici\u00f3n de refugiado. Las autoridades canadienses tambi\u00e9n han estado trabajando en estrecha colaboraci\u00f3n con otros pa\u00edses y empresas de transporte para dificultar la llegada a Canad\u00e1 de las personas que podr\u00edan solicitar la condici\u00f3n de refugiado. \r\n A algunos canadienses les preocupa que estos cambios signifiquen que ahora se niegue a algunos refugiados leg\u00edtimos el refugio al que tienen derecho en virtud del derecho internacional.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>A finales de la d\u00e9cada de 1980 y principios de la d\u00e9cada de 1990, incluso cuando intentaba impedir la entrada de posibles solicitantes de asilo, Canad\u00e1 abri\u00f3 nuevas v\u00edas para otros inmigrantes con habilidades que les permit\u00edan trabajar o con importantes recursos financieros. A partir del gobierno \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\/\">conservador<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">Brian Mulroney<\/a>, se invitaba a quienes ten\u00edan el capital o las habilidades necesarias para invertir \r\n e iniciar negocios en Canad\u00e1 a solicitar la inmigraci\u00f3n canadiense. La idea era que estas iniciativas ayudaran a crear empleo y riqueza en Canad\u00e1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Como resultado, el n\u00famero de inmigrantes emprendedores o de negocios aument\u00f3 dr\u00e1sticamente, alcanzando el 6 por ciento de todos los inmigrantes que ingresan a Canad\u00e1. Un buen n\u00famero de inmigrantes de clase empresarial proced\u00edan de Hong Kong, muchos de los cuales buscaban un refugio seguro para ellos, \r\n sus familias y sus bienes antes de que China se apoderara de Hong Kong en 1997. Era natural que muchos respondieran a la invitaci\u00f3n de Canad\u00e1 y a las oportunidades ofrecidas para invertir capital en Canad\u00e1. Como resultado, Canad\u00e1 se convirti\u00f3 en un \r\n destino principal para la inmigraci\u00f3n de Hong Kong y otros pa\u00edses chinos y para la fuga de capitales. Entre 1981 y 1983, los inmigrantes chinos invirtieron 1.100 millones de d\u00f3lares en la econom\u00eda canadiense. La inmigraci\u00f3n de Hong Kong y otros pa\u00edses de origen chino ha sido especialmente pronunciada en las grandes \u00e1reas \r\n urbanas, como Vancouver y Toronto, donde la comunidad china constituye ahora el mayor grupo de inmigrantes. Sin embargo, la mayor\u00eda de estos inmigrantes de clase empresarial no llegaron hablando ingl\u00e9s o franc\u00e9s, lo que llev\u00f3 \r\n al gobierno canadiense a introducir requisitos ling\u00fc\u00edsticos m\u00e1s estrictos para quienes llegaran a Canad\u00e1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La inmigraci\u00f3n de \u00c1frica (principalmente de Sud\u00e1frica, Tanzania, Etiop\u00eda, Kenia, Ghana, Uganda y Nigeria) tambi\u00e9n creci\u00f3 en las d\u00e9cadas de 1980 y 1990. Algunos de estos reci\u00e9n llegados eran profesionales con t\u00edtulos acad\u00e9micos que buscaban mejores condiciones de trabajo en Canad\u00e1. \r\nSin embargo, la gran mayor\u00eda eran refugiados que hu\u00edan de la guerra, el hambre y la inestabilidad pol\u00edtica y econ\u00f3mica en sus pa\u00edses de origen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Con la desaceleraci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica de la d\u00e9cada de 1990, la inmigraci\u00f3n canadiense resurgi\u00f3 como tema de debate p\u00fablico. Esto era natural, dado el continuo impacto de la inmigraci\u00f3n en la sociedad canadiense. Sin embargo, muchos economistas sostienen que Canad\u00e1, con una tasa de \r\n natalidad relativamente baja y una poblaci\u00f3n que envejece, necesita la infusi\u00f3n de poblaci\u00f3n, energ\u00eda, habilidades, capital y poder adquisitivo que los inmigrantes traen a Canad\u00e1. Sin embargo, algunos siguen albergando dudas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Dado que la gran mayor\u00eda de las personas que ingresan a Canad\u00e1 son inmigrantes de origen no europeo, algunos canadienses han expresado su inquietud por el car\u00e1cter cambiante de las zonas urbanas de Canad\u00e1. Sin embargo, muchos de estos prejuicios hacia los canadienses de otros \r\n or\u00edgenes \u00e9tnicos y raciales suelen ser exagerados y perjudican a las comunidades minoritarias.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>El debate p\u00fablico sobre la inmigraci\u00f3n en Canad\u00e1 se ha mantenido civilizado y, sin duda, ha estado exento del tipo de violencia que la llegada de un gran n\u00famero de inmigrantes ha provocado en Francia y Alemania.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Inmigraci\u00f3n canadiense desde el 11 de septiembre de 2001<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Como consecuencia directa de los acontecimientos del 11 de septiembre de 2001, la amenaza terrorista y los problemas de seguridad, Canad\u00e1 ha endurecido su pol\u00edtica de inmigraci\u00f3n. (<em>V\u00e9ase tambi\u00e9n<\/em> el 11 de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">septiembre y Canad\u00e1)<\/a>. \r\nEn 2002, se aprob\u00f3 la <em>Ley de Inmigraci\u00f3n y Protecci\u00f3n de Refugiados<\/em> (IRPA). La nueva ley sustituy\u00f3 a la <em>Ley de Inmigraci\u00f3n de<\/em> 1976. En particular, dificult\u00f3 la inmigraci\u00f3n a Canad\u00e1, incluso para los refugiados. Sin embargo, la <em>ley<\/em> tambi\u00e9n \r\n facilit\u00f3 la entrada a Canad\u00e1 de personas en relaciones de hecho o del mismo sexo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La postura m\u00e1s dura de Canad\u00e1 con respecto a la migraci\u00f3n de refugiados se reflej\u00f3 en la forma en que trat\u00f3 a los solicitantes de asilo tamiles entre 2009 y 2010. Considerados refugiados \u00abfalsos\u00bb, muchos fueron encarcelados a pesar de ser refugiados leg\u00edtimos. Muchos canadienses reaccionaron de manera similar cuando los solicitantes de asilo cruzaban de manera \r\n irregular la frontera entre Estados Unidos y Canad\u00e1 para buscar protecci\u00f3n en Canad\u00e1. (<em>V\u00e9ase tambi\u00e9n el Acuerdo<\/em> de tercer pa\u00eds seguro <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">entre Canad\u00e1 y los Estados Unidos)<\/a>. \r\nEsto ocurri\u00f3 a pesar del hecho de que solicitar asilo en otro pa\u00eds es un derecho humano reconocido internacionalmente.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Estas actitudes contrastaban marcadamente con la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">respuesta canadiense a la crisis de los refugiados sirios<\/a>. Entre 2015 y 2017, Canad\u00e1 reasent\u00f3 r\u00e1pidamente a \r\n 54 000 refugiados sirios. Si bien este n\u00famero fue mayor que el de EE. UU., la contribuci\u00f3n de Canad\u00e1 palideci\u00f3 en comparaci\u00f3n con la de otros pa\u00edses como Alemania, el L\u00edbano, Turqu\u00eda y Suecia.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>La inmigraci\u00f3n moderna a Canad\u00e1<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Canad\u00e1 recibe un n\u00famero considerable de inmigrantes cada a\u00f1o. De 2001 a 2014, un promedio de alrededor de 249,500 inmigrantes terrestres se establecieron en Canad\u00e1 cada a\u00f1o. En 2015, se admitieron m\u00e1s de 271 800 migrantes, mientras que este n\u00famero aument\u00f3 a m\u00e1s de 296 \r\n 300 en 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Entre 2016 y 2021, Canad\u00e1 recibi\u00f3 a poco m\u00e1s de 1,3 millones de inmigrantes. Los datos del <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">censo<\/a> de 2021 muestran que los inmigrantes de la India, Filipinas y China fueron \r\n los tres grupos m\u00e1s numerosos de inmigrantes recientes que llegaron a Canad\u00e1. Alrededor del 18,6 por ciento de los inmigrantes recientes nacieron en la India, el 11,4 por ciento en Filipinas y el 8,9 por ciento en China. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">(<em>V\u00e9ase<\/em> Canadienses de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">Asia Meridional; Canadienses \r\n<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">filipinos; Canadienses<\/a> de origen chino).<\/a> Otros grupos importantes de inmigrantes proced\u00edan de Siria \r\n (4,8%), Nigeria (3%), los Estados Unidos (3%), Pakist\u00e1n (2,7%), Francia (2%), Ir\u00e1n (1,9%) y el Reino Unido (1,7%).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>\u00a1Haz el cuestionario!<\/strong> \r\n<br>\u00a1Pon a prueba tus conocimientos sobre el multiculturalismo en Canad\u00e1 realizando <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">este cuestionario<\/a>, ofrecido por el Citizenship Challenge! El Citizenship \r\n Challenge, un programa de Historica Canada, invita a los canadienses a poner a prueba sus conocimientos nacionales realizando un simulacro de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">examen<\/a> de ciudadan\u00eda, as\u00ed como otros cuestionarios tem\u00e1ticos.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>La gran mayor\u00eda de los reci\u00e9n llegados (88,7 por ciento) se establecieron en cuatro provincias: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">Ontario<\/a> (44 por ciento), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">Quebec<\/a> (15,3 \r\n por ciento), <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">Columbia Brit\u00e1nica<\/a> (14,9 por ciento) y <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">Alberta<\/a> (14,5 por ciento). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">La mayor\u00eda de ellos tambi\u00e9n viven en \r\n los principales centros urbanos de estas provincias, como <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">Toronto<\/a> (29,5 por ciento), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">Montreal<\/a> (12,2 por ciento) y Vancouver (11,7 por ciento).<\/a> Solo estas tres ciudades reciben a m\u00e1s de la mitad de todos los inmigrantes recientes. Sin embargo, este porcentaje ha disminuido a medida que los inmigrantes se establecieron en otros centros urbanos.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Seg\u00fan el censo de 2021, los canadienses nacidos originalmente fuera de Canad\u00e1 constitu\u00edan el 23 por ciento (8,3 millones de personas) de la poblaci\u00f3n canadiense, una proporci\u00f3n sin precedentes desde 1921. Canad\u00e1 tiene la mayor proporci\u00f3n de inmigrantes entre los pa\u00edses del G7. (<em>V\u00e9ase<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">Canad\u00e1 y el G7<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>El Canad\u00e1 moderno se construy\u00f3 sobre la base de la migraci\u00f3n y las contribuciones de muchos grupos de inmigrantes, empezando por los primeros colonos franceses, pasando por los reci\u00e9n llegados del Reino Unido, Europa Central, el Caribe y \u00c1frica, hasta los inmigrantes de Asia y Medio Oriente. \r\n Si bien persisten los desaf\u00edos que plantean <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">el racismo<\/a> y <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">la discriminaci\u00f3n<\/a>, la sociedad canadiense \r\n permanece generalmente abierta a la inmigraci\u00f3n. Adem\u00e1s, la contribuci\u00f3n de muchos inmigrantes a la sociedad canadiense y su deseo de ayudar a construir una sociedad mejor en suelo canadiense son indiscutibles.<\/p>","slug":"inmigracion","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"es","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":3,"created_at":"2025-01-07T19:13:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-07T19:13:41.000000Z"},{"id":"9e0eb006-a6ce-4a49-b3b4-676ec2df8bf7","article_id":"76085","title":"\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627","summary":"<p>\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \r\n \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0698\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u0639\u06cc\u0636 \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u0628\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u061b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">\u067e\u0646\u0627<\/a> \u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f <em>\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627<\/em> \u062c\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a>).<\/a> \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0628 \r\n \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/a> \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 (\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647) \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\" alt=\"\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"\u0641\u0631\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\" alt=\"\u0641\u0631\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"\u062f\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0633\u06cc\" alt=\"\u062f\u0648\u062e\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0633\u06cc\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646\" alt=\"\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"\u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u062a\" alt=\"\u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u062a\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f (\u0642\u0631\u0646 16 \u062a\u0627 18)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0641\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \r\n \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u06cc\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u062d \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 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\u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u062d\u0637\u06cc \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0642 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0686\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f (\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc <em>\u0645\u0631\u0627<\/em> \u062c\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f).<\/a> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/railway-history\/\">\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canals-and-inland-waterways\/\">\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/timber-trade-history\/\">\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0686\u0648\u0628 \r\n \u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0622\u0647\u0646<\/a> \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \r\n<\/a> \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc- \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc 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(\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0634 <em>\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/em> \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a>.) \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \r\n \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0646\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u06af\u0646\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">\u0648\u06cc\u0644\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631<\/a> \u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062a\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \r\n\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/a> \u0648 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\r\n\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0639 \r\n \u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0698\u0627\u062f\u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f<\/a>. \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0644 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0622\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">\u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0698 \r\n \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0644\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648<\/a> \u0626\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0641 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">\u0646<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">\u0631\u0648<\/a> \u0633 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0634-\u0645\u062c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">\u0627\u0631<\/a> \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627 (\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">\u0628\u0647<\/a> \u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u061b \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f)\u060c \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06cc <em>\u0647\u0627<\/em>\u060c \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627<\/a> \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. \r\n \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a> \r\n\u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">\u0627\u06cc\u062a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u0646 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/a> \u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 (\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/a> <em>\u0645\u0631\u0627<\/em> \u062c\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f). \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u0647\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/a> \r\n \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\u0622\u0645<\/a> \u062f\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a. \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">\u0633\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/a> \u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0645 \r\n \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 (<em>\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647<\/a> 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(<em>\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647<\/a> \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0698\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1945\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 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\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \r\n \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u062f. (\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 <em>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647<\/a> \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.) \r\n\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a<\/a>. \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc 2015 \u062a\u0627 2017\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \r\n 54 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 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\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\r\n.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc 2016 \u062a\u0627 2021\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 1.3 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/a> 2021 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. \r\n \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 18.6 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c 11.4 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 8.9 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. (\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc <em>\u0647\u0627\u06cc<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u061b \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u06cc<\/a> \u067e\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">\u061b \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc<\/a> \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a>.) \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \r\n (4.8 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f)\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0647 (3 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f)\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 (3 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f)\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (2.7 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f)\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 (2 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f)\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 (1.9 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f) \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 (1.7 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f) \u0633\u0631\u0686\u0634\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f!<\/strong> \r\n<br>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f! \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648<\/a> \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646 (88.7 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f) \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648<\/a> (44 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f)\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u06a9\u0628\u06a9<\/a> (15.3 \r\n \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f)\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u0627<\/a> (14.9 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f) \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">\u0622\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627<\/a> (14.5 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f). \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0632 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0634\u0647\u0631\u06cc \r\n \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0648<\/a> (29.5 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f)\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644 (12.2 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f) \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0631 (11.7 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f) \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0647 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0632 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644 2021\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c 23 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f (8.3 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0631) \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u062f - \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1921. \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc G7 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. <em>(\u0628\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0648 G7 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a>.)<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0628 \u0648 \u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \r\n \u0634\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">\u0646\u0698\u0627\u062f\u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc<\/a> \u0648 \u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\u0628\u0639\u06cc<\/a> \u0636 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \r\n \u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>","slug":"mhfagrt","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"fa","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-26T02:39:59.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-26T02:39:59.000000Z"},{"id":"077900b6-1a6e-4aa6-ba3b-44d6cf0fb2e4","article_id":"76085","title":"Immigration au Canada","summary":"<p>Le d\u00e9placement d\u2019individus d\u2019un pays vers un autre dans le but de s\u2019\u00e9tablir ailleurs est au c\u0153ur de l\u2019histoire du Canada. L\u2019histoire de l\u2019immigration canadienne n\u2019est pas celle d\u2019une croissance d\u00e9mographique ordonn\u00e9e; elle a plut\u00f4t \u00e9t\u00e9, et est toujours,\r\n\t\u00e0 propos du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique ainsi que des attitudes et valeurs canadiennes. Elle a souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement \u00e9conomiquement \u00e9gocentrique ainsi que discriminatoire sur le plan ethnique et racial malgr\u00e9 le fait qu\u2019elle ait contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 cr\u00e9er une\r\n\tsoci\u00e9t\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/multiculturalisme\">multiculturelle<\/a> (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">Politique d'immigration canadienne<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies\">R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Canada<\/a>).\r\n\tL\u2019immigration a \u00e9galement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9poss\u00e9der les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/peuples-autochtones\">peuples\r\nautochtones<\/a> de leurs terres ancestrales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(Cet article est le texte int\u00e9gral sur l'immigration au Canada. Si vous souhaitez lire un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple, veuillez consulter <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\">Immigration au Canada (r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en langage simple)<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"Immigrants originaires de la Galicie\" alt=\"Immigrants originaires de la Galicie\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"Orphelins engag\u00e9s au Canada\" alt=\"Orphelins engag\u00e9s au Canada\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"Doukhobors russes\" alt=\"Doukhobors russes\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"Immigrants\" alt=\"Immigrants\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"Last Best West\" alt=\"Last Best West\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration en Nouvelle-France (du 16<sup>e<\/sup> au 18<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Tout au long du 17<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et durant une grande partie du 18<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle, les administrations coloniales europ\u00e9ennes, charg\u00e9es de superviser ce qui adviendra du Canada, ne consid\u00e8rent pas la colonisation comme une priorit\u00e9. Au d\u00e9part,\r\n\tles gouvernements fran\u00e7ais et britannique ne semblent pas pr\u00e9par\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u00e9penser d\u2019importantes sommes d\u2019argent ni d\u2019\u00e9nergie n\u00e9cessaires pour encourager la colonisation. Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la France et de la Grande-Bretagne, l\u2019immigration vers ce Nouveau Monde qu\u2019est\r\n\tle Canada n\u2019est pas populaire non plus. Les aventuriers, les explorateurs et surtout les marchands qui agissent pour les int\u00e9r\u00eats fran\u00e7ais ou britanniques craignent l\u2019ing\u00e9rence des colons dans leur commerce lucratif (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/fur-trade\/\">Traite des fourrures<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cependant, la politique change \u00e9ventuellement et les autorit\u00e9s coloniales encouragent lentement et avec prudence la colonisation au Canada. Ils esp\u00e8rent qu\u2019ainsi les colons garantiront la souverainet\u00e9 des revendications territoriales coloniales, et qu\u2019ils\r\n\texploiteront les ressources naturelles du pays, souvent au nom des investisseurs europ\u00e9ens. Ils esp\u00e8rent \u00e9galement que les colons convertiront les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/peuples-autochtones\">peuples autochtones<\/a>\tau christianisme. Les colonies se d\u00e9veloppent graduellement, mais non sans difficult\u00e9s. La population de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/new-france\/\">Nouvelle-France<\/a> \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/conquest\/\">Conqu\u00eate<\/a>\tbritannique (1759 \u00e0 1760) est d\u2019environ 65 000 habitants. En <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/nova-scotia\/\">Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse<\/a>, une communaut\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ecossais\">\u00e9cossaise<\/a>\ttransplant\u00e9e est compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par des colons <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/german-canadians\/\">allemands<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/swiss\/\">suisses<\/a>. \u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1700, des colons\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/irish\/\">irlandais<\/a> viennent augmenter la population de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\/\">Terre-Neuve<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bien que la victoire des Britanniques ait limit\u00e9 la migration des Fran\u00e7ais (<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-francaise-au-canada\">Immigration fran\u00e7aise au Canada<\/a>), elle n\u2019entra\u00eene pas pour\r\n\tautant une vague imm\u00e9diate d\u2019immigrants anglophones. \u00c0 l\u2019exception de quelques administrateurs, militaires et marchands britanniques qui comblent le vide laiss\u00e9 par le d\u00e9part de leurs homologues fran\u00e7ais, peu de colons anglophones semblent s\u2019int\u00e9resser\r\n\tau Canada. En fait, on peut m\u00eame douter qu\u2019ils aient \u00e9t\u00e9 bien accueillis par les nouveaux dirigeants britanniques. Ces derniers craignent qu\u2019un afflux de colons anglophones protestants ne complique l\u2019administration de ce territoire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/catholicism\/\">catholique<\/a>\tet francophone r\u00e9cemment conquis. La plupart des migrants britanniques sont beaucoup plus enclins \u00e0 rechercher le climat plus temp\u00e9r\u00e9 et les institutions sociales famili\u00e8res des colonies am\u00e9ricaines au sud du Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=162d8BY-qDwYdCmSHZNBbf_5HN0vYVUWF\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/iframe>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration des loyalistes (18<sup>e<\/sup> et 19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cles)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Un bon nombre de nouveaux dirigeants britanniques du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/province-de-quebec-1763-1791\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a> sont bient\u00f4t contraints d\u2019accepter plusieurs milliers de colons anglophones pour la plupart protestants\r\n\tqui sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 cause de la R\u00e9volution am\u00e9ricaine. Connus sous le nom de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/loyalists\/\">loyalistes<\/a>de l\u2019Empire uni, ils sont en grande partie des<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\/\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>\tpolitiques. Un grand nombre d\u2019entre eux migrent vers le nord non par choix, mais \u00e0 cause des circonstances. Plusieurs refusent de devenir citoyens de la nouvelle R\u00e9publique am\u00e9ricaine, d\u2019autres craignent des repr\u00e9sailles pour avoir soutenu publiquement\r\n\tles Britanniques. Pour ces loyalistes, le Canada est un pays de second choix, comme il le sera pour un nombre incalculable de futurs immigrants qui viendront parce que l\u2019endroit d\u2019o\u00f9 ils viennent est d\u00e9favorable, et que l\u2019entr\u00e9e ailleurs, souvent aux\r\n\t\u00c9tats-Unis, est restreinte.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La migration des loyalistes est soutenue par les autorit\u00e9s canadiennes qui offrent de l\u2019approvisionnement aux nouveaux colons et organisent la distribution des terres. Malgr\u00e9 les \u00e9preuves endur\u00e9es par les colons, leur sort est adouci gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019intervention\r\n\td\u2019agents du gouvernement, une pratique qui se r\u00e9p\u00e9tera souvent au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>De nombreux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/loyalistes-noirs-en-amerique-du-nord-britannique\">loyalistes noirs<\/a> quittent \u00e9galement les \u00c9tats-Unis pour l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord britannique. Bien qu\u2019ils se soient rang\u00e9s du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des\r\n\tBritanniques lors de la guerre d\u2019Ind\u00e9pendance am\u00e9ricaine, les loyalistes noirs font face \u00e0 une hostilit\u00e9 raciste et \u00e0 des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s consid\u00e9rables. Malgr\u00e9 tout, ils pers\u00e9v\u00e8rent et construisent des communaut\u00e9s solides, en particulier dans les villes comme\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/shelburne\">Shelburne<\/a> et Birchtown en Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/les-loyalistes-noirs\">L\u2019arriv\u00e9e des loyalistes noirs en Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration irlandaise (19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Tout au long du milieu du 19<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle, les colonies, particuli\u00e8rement au Canada-Ouest, reviennent \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le de croissance \u00e9conomique douloureusement lent et erratique. Officiellement encourag\u00e9e, l\u2019immigration en provenance de la Grande-Bretagne,\r\n\tet m\u00eame des \u00c9tats-Unis, remplit progressivement les meilleures terres agricoles de la colonie et enrichit de nouvelles villes administratives et commerciales. Les nouveaux immigrants sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement semblables aux habitants d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9tablis de la communaut\u00e9.\r\n\tCependant, la grande famine irlandaise et, dans une moindre mesure, l\u2019\u00e9chec d\u2019une s\u00e9rie de r\u00e9bellions en Europe en 1848, envoient de nouvelles cohortes d\u2019immigrants en Am\u00e9rique du Nord.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Parmi ces dizaines de milliers de migrants, plusieurs sont <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/irlandais\">irlandais<\/a>, et leur arriv\u00e9e au Canada d\u00e9clenche des changements sociaux et \u00e9conomiques majeurs. \u00c0 bien des \u00e9gards, les\r\n\tIrlandais constituent la premi\u00e8re grande cohorte d\u2019immigrants venant de l\u2019\u00e9tranger au Canada, apr\u00e8s les Anglais et les Fran\u00e7ais. Bien que les Irlandais parlent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement l\u2019anglais, ils ne refl\u00e8tent pas les valeurs sociales, culturelles et religieuses\r\n\tdes Canadiens anglais. Ils forment une minorit\u00e9 catholique dans un Canada-Ouest majoritairement protestant. Cependant, les catholiques irlandais se sentent un peu plus \u00e0 l\u2019aise avec les Canadiens fran\u00e7ais qui partagent leur foi, mais pas leur langue.\r\n\tLa loyaut\u00e9 envers la Couronne britannique de plusieurs d\u2019entre eux semble \u00e9galement suspecte dans un Canada o\u00f9 une loyaut\u00e9 ardente est exig\u00e9e comme assurance contre le r\u00e9publicanisme am\u00e9ricain.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/a1d07311-76d4-4add-a712-6cf7e3974330.jpg\" title=\"Immigrants irlandais\" alt=\"Immigrants irlandais\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31e9a52d-4036-4435-9432-137b0f21fbda.jpg\" title=\"Immigration irlandaise\" alt=\"Immigration irlandaise\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 un mode de vie agraire o\u00f9 l\u2019agriculture est synonyme de pauvret\u00e9 et de d\u00e9pendance, certains de ces Irlandais frapp\u00e9s par la famine ont peu ou aucun enthousiasme pour la vie sur une ferme (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/history-of-agriculture\/\">Histoire de l\u2019agriculture<\/a>).\r\n\tDonc, les Irlandais travaillent de mani\u00e8re saisonni\u00e8re dans le d\u00e9veloppement du nouveau syst\u00e8me \u00e9largi de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canaux-et-voies-navigables-interieures\">canaux<\/a>, dans le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/histoire-du-commerce-du-bois-1\">commerce du bois<\/a>,\r\n\tet dans le r\u00e9seau <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/histoire-du-chemin-de-fer\">ferroviaire<\/a> qui est en plein essor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En raison de leur statut socio-\u00e9conomique qui est moins fortun\u00e9, ainsi que leurs identit\u00e9s ethniques et religieuses distinctes, des quartiers irlandais s\u00e9par\u00e9s apparaissent dans les villages et les villes canadiennes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migration vers l\u2019Ouest (19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et d\u00e9but du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Avec un taux de mortalit\u00e9 relativement bas, un taux de natalit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9, et une immigration faible mais constante venant des \u00eeles Britanniques, l\u2019\u00e8re suivant imm\u00e9diatement la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/confederation\/\">Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/a>\tconna\u00eet des probl\u00e8mes de surpopulation (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/population\/\">Population<\/a>). Ce probl\u00e8me est aggrav\u00e9 par la raret\u00e9 croissante de terres cultivables.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Pendant ce temps, les \u00c9tats-Unis, qui semblent poss\u00e9der une r\u00e9serve illimit\u00e9e de terres libres et fertiles, attirent des milliers de nouveaux immigrants et de Canadiens anglais. L\u2019industrie am\u00e9ricaine attire \u00e9galement beaucoup de Canadiens fran\u00e7ais qui\r\n\tse rendent travailler dans des usines de la Nouvelle-Angleterre (<em>voir<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/franco-americains\/\">\u200b Franco-Am\u00e9ricains<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Vers la fin du 19<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle, les futures provinces des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/prairie\/\">Prairies<\/a> s\u2019ouvrent \u00e0 la colonisation, mais seulement apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9placement, parfois violent, des peuples <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/metis\">m\u00e9tis<\/a>\tet des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/premieres-nations\">Premi\u00e8res Nations<\/a> de leurs terres. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/rebellion-du-nord-ouest\">R\u00e9bellion du Nord-Ouest<\/a>.)\r\n\tToutefois, la migration \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle ne reprend que lorsque les besoins en produits agricoles, comme le bl\u00e9, augmentent \u00e9galement.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cette demande pour des produits agricoles, particuli\u00e8rement pour le bl\u00e9 dur, co\u00efncide avec l\u2019\u00e9lection du gouvernement de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">Wilfrid Laurier<\/a>, qui encourage la colonisation\r\n\tde l\u2019ouest avec une immigration \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">Clifford Sifton<\/a>, le nouveau et agressif ministre de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur du Canada, organise un programme d\u2019immigration remani\u00e9\r\n\tet de grande envergure. Il est m\u00eame pr\u00eat, quelque peu \u00e0 contrec\u0153ur, \u00e0 accueillir des colons agriculteurs qui viennent d\u2019endroits autres que les \u00eeles Britanniques, l\u2019Europe du Nord ou les \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cependant, la volont\u00e9 de Clifford Sifton d\u2019ouvrir les portes aux immigrants venant d\u2019ailleurs que des sources traditionnelles ne refl\u00e8te pas les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">politiques d\u2019immigration<\/a>\tcanadiennes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Pour les Canadiens anglophones, la d\u00e9finition traditionnelle de l\u2019immigrant id\u00e9al peut avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9e, mais pas radicalement. Le gouvernement canadien pr\u00e9f\u00e8re des migrants anglophones blancs venant de l\u2019Empire britannique ou des \u00c9tats-Unis. Dans un\r\n\tm\u00eame temps, les migrants non blancs se voient refuser l\u2019entr\u00e9e au pays pour des motifs <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/racisme\">racistes<\/a>. Les immigrants id\u00e9aux sont des fermiers d\u2019origine britannique ou am\u00e9ricaine qui s\u2019\u00e9tablissent\r\n\tdans l\u2019Ouest.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Press\u00e9es par les int\u00e9r\u00eats des entreprises et des chemins de fer pour accro\u00eetre l\u2019immigration, les autorit\u00e9s de l\u2019immigration \u00e9quilibrent leurs angoisses ethniques avec une recherche effr\u00e9n\u00e9e de colons. Ils cr\u00e9ent une liste des colons id\u00e9aux par ordre\r\n\td\u00e9croissant de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Les agriculteurs britanniques et am\u00e9ricains sont suivis des Fran\u00e7ais, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/belgians\/\">Belges<\/a>, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/dutch\/\">Hollandais<\/a>,\r\n\tdes Scandinaves, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/swiss\/\">Suisses<\/a>, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/finns\/\">Finlandais<\/a>, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">Russes<\/a>,\r\n\tdes Austro-Hongrois (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/austrians\/\">Autrichiens<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/hungarians\/\">Hongrois<\/a> ), des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/german-canadians\/\">Allemands<\/a>,\r\n\tdes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\">Ukrainiens<\/a> et des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/poles\/\">Polonais<\/a>. Tout pr\u00e8s du bas de la liste viennent ensuite ceux qui, dans l\u2019esprit\r\n\tdu public et du gouvernement, sont moins assimilables et moins d\u00e9sirables, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">Italiens<\/a>, les Slaves du Sud, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/greeks\/\">Grecs<\/a>\tet les Syriens (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/arabs\/\">Arabo-Canadiens<\/a> ). En dernier se trouvent les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Juifs<\/a>, les Asiatiques,\r\n\tles Roms et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/black-canadians\/\">Noirs<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cependant, Ottawa n\u2019est pas la seule voix en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration. L\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>Acte de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord britannique<\/em> <\/a> accorde aussi une voix aux provinces si tel\r\n\test leur choix. Le Qu\u00e9bec est particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ress\u00e9 et met sur pied son propre minist\u00e8re de l\u2019immigration. Ceci est en partie en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l\u2019expansion du Canada anglophone, et \u00e9galement dans un effort pour freiner, voire renverser, la migration\r\n\tdes jeunes Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois ruraux vers la Nouvelle-Angleterre. En coop\u00e9ration avec les autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales, des agents d\u2019immigration sont envoy\u00e9s en Nouvelle-Angleterre pour inciter les Canadiens fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 retourner chez eux pour s\u2019installer sur de nouvelles\r\n\tterres marginales. Ce programme ne rencontre qu\u2019un succ\u00e8s limit\u00e9, mais l\u2019implication du Qu\u00e9bec dans la gestion de ses propres priorit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration persiste.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migrants et centres urbains<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 les pr\u00e9cautions prises par le gouvernement, ce ne sont pas tous les immigrants qui s\u2019engagent dans le domaine de l\u2019agriculture ou de l\u2019exploitation des ressources. Tout comme les Irlandais avant eux, de nombreux immigrants non anglophones et en\r\n\tgrande partie non protestants rejettent la vie d\u2019isolement rural et choisissent plut\u00f4t de travailler dans les villes. De plus, un bon nombre de ces migrants ne se voient demeurer au Canada ou en Am\u00e9rique du Nord que temporairement. Certains cherchent\r\n\t\u00e0 gagner suffisamment d\u2019argent pour acheter une terre dans leur pays d\u2019origine, pour pr\u00e9parer une dot pour une s\u0153ur, ou pour rembourser une dette de famille. Toutefois, ceux qui adoptent les d\u00e9finitions nord-am\u00e9ricaines du succ\u00e8s ou qui ne peuvent retourner\r\n\tdans leur pays en raison du climat politique s\u2019\u00e9tablissent au Canada. Si possible, ils font venir leurs femmes et enfants.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"Travailleuses du Centre d'immigration, Qu\u00e9bec, vers 1911\" alt=\"Travailleuses du Centre d'immigration, Qu\u00e9bec, vers 1911\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Des migrants d\u2019origines de plus en plus diverses commencent \u00e0 immigrer au Canada, parmi eux se trouvent des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/macedonians\/\">Mac\u00e9doniens<\/a>, des Russes, des Finlandais et des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Chinois<\/a>.\r\n\tOn autorise l\u2019entr\u00e9e \u00e0 plusieurs de ces migrants en raison des besoins de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre \u00e0 combler \u00e0 bon march\u00e9, ou pour avoir un bassin d\u2019ouvriers qualifi\u00e9s pour des travaux d\u2019usine ou de construction. Certains d\u2019entre eux travaillent dans les mines ou\r\n\tdans l\u2019industrie foresti\u00e8re, d\u2019autres comme les Chinois travaillent \u00e0 terminer le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chemin-de-fer-du-canadien-pacifique\">chemin de fer du Canadien Pacifique<\/a>. Plusieurs s\u2019installent dans les\r\n\tvilles comme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/montreal\/\">Montr\u00e9al<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/winnipeg\/\">Winnipeg<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/toronto\/\">Toronto<\/a>,\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/hamilton\/\">Hamilton<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/vancouver\/\">Vancouver<\/a>. Cependant, ces immigrants font face \u00e0 des angoisses et des pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s ethniques\r\n\tet religieux auparavant r\u00e9serv\u00e9s uniquement aux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/irlandais\">Irlandais<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>L\u2019arriv\u00e9e de migrants issus de milieux culturels drastiquement diff\u00e9rents g\u00e9n\u00e8re une certaine hostilit\u00e9 raciste de la part de plusieurs Canadiens. Certains Canadiens r\u00e9agissent en faisant preuve d\u2019une tol\u00e9rance pleine de dignit\u00e9. Ils reconnaissent que\r\n\tces \u00e9trangers sont l\u00e0 pour de bon, que leur travail et leurs comp\u00e9tences sont n\u00e9cessaires, et que leurs conditions de vie sont sujettes \u00e0 am\u00e9lioration. Les immigrants jouent un r\u00f4le \u00e9conomique vital dans les centres urbains, ils installent des rails\r\n\tde <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/street-railways\/\">tramway<\/a>, ils travaillent dans les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/textile-industry\/\">usines de textile<\/a>, et ils creusent des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9gouts.\r\n\tPourtant, de nombreux Canadiens exigent n\u00e9anmoins un contr\u00f4le plus strict de l\u2019immigration selon des crit\u00e8res ethniques et raciaux.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration et racisme<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>La politique et l\u2019administration canadiennes en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration s\u2019inclinent devant la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique en autorisant certains migrants \u00e0 entrer au Canada. Cependant, elles ne le font qu\u2019\u00e0 contrec\u0153ur. Assez rapidement, des contr\u00f4les d\u2019immigration\r\n\trestrictifs sont mis en place pour cesser l\u2019immigration selon des crit\u00e8res ethniques et raciaux.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"Certificat d'immigration chinoise\" alt=\"Certificat d'immigration chinoise\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>La migration chinoise est particuli\u00e8rement vis\u00e9e. Des mesures comme la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\">taxe d\u2019entr\u00e9e impos\u00e9e aux Chinois<\/a>, les taxes d\u2019atterrissage, les accords de restriction bilat\u00e9raux,\r\n\tet les restrictions de voyage interdisent pratiquement toute immigration chinoise au Canada (<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">Loi de l\u2019immigration chinoise<\/a>). Les autorit\u00e9s canadiennes\r\n\trefusent \u00e9galement l\u2019immigration des femmes chinoises. Le gouvernement craint que leur pr\u00e9sence encourage les hommes chinois, qui sont au Canada temporairement en tant que main-d\u2019\u0153uvre dans les mines ou sur les chemins de fer, \u00e0 s\u2019installer de fa\u00e7on\r\n\tpermanente. Les craintes racistes qu\u2019un soi-disant \u00ab\u00a0p\u00e9ril jaune\u00a0\u00bb puisse mettre en danger le tissu moral de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sont r\u00e9pandues.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1914, pr\u00e8s de 400 migrants des Indes orientales \u00e0 bord du<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>Komagata Maru<\/em> <\/a> attendent dans le port de Vancouver pendant que les autorit\u00e9s canadiennes d\u00e9lib\u00e8rent sur\r\n\tleur sort. Malgr\u00e9 le fait qu\u2019ils soient sujets de l\u2019Empire britannique, les passagers ont expos\u00e9 les restrictions racistes impos\u00e9es par le Canada \u00e0 l\u2019immigration sud-asiatique. La nouvelle marine canadienne, en action pour la premi\u00e8re fois, escorte le\r\n\tnavire hors des eaux canadiennes sous les applaudissements de nombreux habitants de Vancouver qui observent de la rive. Plusieurs des passagers seront plus tard tu\u00e9s \u00e0 leur retour en Inde.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Pendant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale<\/a>, une hyst\u00e9rie anti-allemande \u00e9clate au Canada. Cette hostilit\u00e9 x\u00e9nophobe est largement dirig\u00e9e contre ceux qui entretiennent des liens\r\n\tavec les pays ennemis. Bien que les \u00e9trangers qui ont des liens avec les pays alli\u00e9s au Canada sont \u00e9galement cibl\u00e9s en tant que sujets de souverains alli\u00e9s. Malgr\u00e9 les besoins en effectifs militaires du Canada, les autorit\u00e9s britanniques et canadiennes\r\n\testiment que, dans la mesure du possible, les \u00e9trangers appartiennent aux arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res. On encourage donc les groupes comme les Italiens, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/serbs\/\">Serbes<\/a>, les Polonais et certains\r\n\tJuifs \u00e0 aller combattre dans les arm\u00e9es de leur m\u00e8re patrie, ou bien ils sont recrut\u00e9s dans des unit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques de l\u2019arm\u00e9e britannique qui sont r\u00e9serv\u00e9es aux \u00e9trangers alli\u00e9s de diverses origines. N\u2019ayant pas d\u2019arm\u00e9e nationale \u00e0 laquelle se joindre,\r\n\tde nombreux Juifs, Mac\u00e9doniens et Ukrainiens se portent volontaires dans l\u2019arm\u00e9e canadienne.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1910 et 1911, des rumeurs se r\u00e9pandent selon lesquelles un groupe de Noirs se pr\u00e9pare \u00e0 migrer vers le centre de l\u2019Alberta. Descendants d\u2019esclaves affranchis, ils se sont fait chasser de leurs terres sur le territoire de l\u2019Oklahoma, o\u00f9 ils avaient\r\n\tobtenu des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s et esp\u00e9raient commencer une nouvelle vie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En Alberta, la r\u00e9ponse publique et politique est imm\u00e9diate et pr\u00e9visible. Les autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales mettent au point un plan ing\u00e9nieux. Rien dans la <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> n\u2019exclut les Am\u00e9ricains noirs, mais on peut refuser l\u2019acc\u00e8s au Canada \u00e0 tout\r\n\timmigrant pour des raisons de sant\u00e9 en vertu des dispositions m\u00e9dicales de la loi. Le gouvernement ordonne tout simplement aux inspecteurs de l\u2019immigration et \u00e0 leurs assistants m\u00e9dicaux qui se trouvent le long de la fronti\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine de rejeter tous\r\n\tles Noirs sous le pr\u00e9texte qu\u2019ils sont inaptes \u00e0 \u00eatre admis pour des raisons m\u00e9dicales. Il n\u2019y a pas d\u2019appel. Les Noirs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 avertis qu\u2019ils ne devraient pas perdre leur temps ou leur argent en envisageant l\u2019immigration au Canada. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/order-in-council-pc-1911-1324-the-proposed-ban-on-black-immigration-to-canada\">D\u00e9cret C.P.1911\u20111324<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En raison de l\u2019effondrement \u00e9conomique d\u00e9vastateur caus\u00e9 par la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/great-depression\/\">Crise des ann\u00e9es 1930<\/a>, l\u2019approche du gouvernement envers l\u2019immigration s\u2019endurcit. Les autorit\u00e9s de l\u2019immigration\r\n\tse mettent \u00e0 emp\u00eacher activement la migration au Canada. En 1933, Hitler r\u00e8gne sur l\u2019Allemagne, et des millions d\u2019opposants politiques et de Juifs auraient pu survivre si le Canada ou d\u2019autres pays avaient offert l\u2019asile \u00e0 ces innocentes victimes. Bien\r\n\tque de nombreux Canadiens \u00e9prouvent, pour les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\/\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a> et leur situation d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e, un m\u00e9lange de sympathie et d\u2019embarras face au manque d\u2019aide gouvernemental, d\u2019autres, incluant\r\n\tles membres du cabinet f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, de nombreux membres du corps diplomatique et les d\u00e9cideurs de politique d\u2019immigration, r\u00e9agissent avec inqui\u00e9tude \u00e0 toute pression exerc\u00e9e pour accueillir des Juifs ou des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s politiques qui fuient l\u2019Allemagne. Par\r\n\tcons\u00e9quent, peu de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuvent contourner les restrictions canadiennes en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ms-st-louis\">Paquebot Saint Louis<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>D\u00e9manteler les barri\u00e8res raciales et ethniques<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1945, \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, la r\u00e9glementation canadienne en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration demeure inchang\u00e9e par rapport aux ann\u00e9es restrictives d\u2019avant-guerre. Cependant, les changements ne tardent pas \u00e0 se produire. Stimul\u00e9 par un essor \u00e9conomique, un march\u00e9\r\n\tdu travail en croissance, et la demande de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre qui en r\u00e9sulte, le Canada commence progressivement \u00e0 rouvrir ses portes \u00e0 l\u2019immigration europ\u00e9enne. Initialement, les portes s\u2019ouvrent aux immigrants que le Canada a traditionnellement privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s,\r\n\tceux du Royaume-Uni et de l\u2019Europe de l\u2019Ouest, puis \u00e9ventuellement \u00e0 ceux du reste de l\u2019Europe. Toutefois, avec le d\u00e9but de la Guerre froide, l\u2019immigration en provenance de l\u2019Europe de l\u2019Est cesse compl\u00e8tement. L\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique et ses alli\u00e9s ferment\r\n\tleurs fronti\u00e8res occidentales. Mais un grand nombre d\u2019immigrants entrent au Canada en provenance de l\u2019Europe du Sud, de l\u2019Italie, de la Gr\u00e8ce et du Portugal.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"Des immigrants hollandais arrivent \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Des immigrants hollandais arrivent \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Contrairement \u00e0 l\u2019immigration des d\u00e9cennies pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes, l\u2019immigration d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre n\u2019est pas exclusivement dirig\u00e9e vers l\u2019agriculture et les industries extractives de ressources naturelles en zone rurale. Le Canada \u00e9merge de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>\ten tant que puissance urbaine et industrielle, et de nombreux immigrants d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre occupent rapidement des emplois dans les secteurs de la fabrication et de la construction. Certains contribuent \u00e0 l\u2019expansion des infrastructures urbaines tandis\r\n\tque d\u2019autres, plus instruits, r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 la forte demande de professionnels form\u00e9s qualifi\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>L\u2019immigration canadienne subit d\u2019autres changements remarquables durant les ann\u00e9es d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre. Les gouvernements canadiens, le f\u00e9d\u00e9ral et les provinciaux, c\u00e8dent lentement aux pressions de la r\u00e9forme des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/droits-de-la-personne\">droits de la personne<\/a>\texerc\u00e9e par une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ant\u00e9rieure d\u2019immigrants et leurs enfants. De plus en plus actifs politiquement et faisant d\u00e9sormais partie de la classe moyenne, ces immigrants qui sont maintenant bien int\u00e9gr\u00e9s ont fait des sacrifices pour une cause commune\r\n\tavec les autres Canadiens dans l\u2019effort de guerre; et donc, dans cette p\u00e9riode d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre, ils refusent d\u2019assumer le statut de citoyens de seconde zone dans un pays qu\u2019ils ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger. Soutenus par des Canadiens qui partagent les m\u00eames\r\n\tid\u00e9es, ils d\u00e9noncent ladiscrimination ethnique etraciale \u00e0 laquelle ils font face et ils demandent une r\u00e9forme des droits de la personne. Ils forcent les gouvernements \u00e0 l\u00e9gif\u00e9rer contre la discrimination fond\u00e9e sur la race, la religion et l\u2019origine,\r\n\tdans des domaines tels que l\u2019emploi, le logement et l\u2019\u00e9ducation. Et au m\u00eame moment o\u00f9 le Canada rend ill\u00e9gale la discrimination au pays, le gouvernement prend des mesures pour \u00e9liminer graduellement les barri\u00e8res raciales, religieuses et ethniques de\r\n\tsa politique canadienne d\u2019immigration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Vers la fin des ann\u00e9es 1960, la discrimination raciale ouverte de la politique d\u2019immigration est disparue des lois et des r\u00e8glements canadiens sur l\u2019immigration. Par cons\u00e9quent, les portes du pays s\u2019ouvrent \u00e0 un bon nombre de ceux qui, autrefois, auraient\r\n\t\u00e9t\u00e9 rejet\u00e9s, parce que jug\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant \u00ab\u00a0ind\u00e9sirables\u00a0\u00bb en raison de leur race ou de leur ethnicit\u00e9. En 1971, pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans l\u2019histoire du Canada, la majorit\u00e9 des immigrants ne sont pas d\u2019origine europ\u00e9enne. Depuis, c\u2019est le cas\r\n\tchaque ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Syst\u00e8me de points d\u2019appr\u00e9ciation de l\u2019immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Il ne faut pas croire pour autant que quiconque peut entrer au Canada. Bien que les restrictions bas\u00e9es sur la race ou le pays d\u2019origine soient disparues, le Canada maintient toujours des crit\u00e8res stricts pour d\u00e9terminer qui est ou n\u2019est pas un candidat\r\n\tsouhaitable pour une entr\u00e9e au Canada. \u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1960, le Canada instaure un syst\u00e8me de points pour \u00e9tablir des normes fond\u00e9es sur le m\u00e9rite des individus qui demandent \u00e0 immigrer au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Dans le cadre de ce syst\u00e8me, chaque candidat pour devenir immigrant obtient des points en fonction de son \u00e2ge, de son \u00e9ducation, de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 parler l\u2019anglais ou le fran\u00e7ais, et en fonction de la demande existante en mati\u00e8re des comp\u00e9tences professionnelles\r\n\tde ce candidat. Si un candidat est en bonne sant\u00e9 et de bonne moralit\u00e9 en plus de marquer des points, il est admis avec son \u00e9poux(se) et leurs enfants. Ceux qui n\u2019obtiennent pas suffisamment de points se voient refuser l\u2019entr\u00e9e au pays. Plus r\u00e9cemment,\r\n\tle Canada a modifi\u00e9 ses proc\u00e9dures afin de privil\u00e9gier les candidats ind\u00e9pendants, qualifi\u00e9s et imm\u00e9diatement employables.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Une fois \u00e9tablis au Canada, la plupart des nouveaux arrivants, qu\u2019on appelle maintenant \u00ab\u00a0immigrants re\u00e7us\u00a0\u00bb, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de tous les m\u00eames droits que les citoyens canadiens, \u00e0 l\u2019exception notamment du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/droit-de-vote-1\">droit de vote<\/a>.\r\n\tApr\u00e8s un certain nombre d\u2019ann\u00e9es de r\u00e9sidence au Canada (maintenant trois ans sur cinq), chaque immigrant re\u00e7u peut demander la citoyennet\u00e9 canadienne. De plus, les immigrants re\u00e7us, comme les citoyens canadiens, peuvent \u00e9galement demander \u00e0 parrainer\r\n\tl\u2019entr\u00e9e au Canada de membres de la famille proche qui, autrement, ne seraient pas en mesure de satisfaire les crit\u00e8res rigoureux d\u2019admissibilit\u00e9. Le parrain doit accepter de s\u2019assurer que toute personne amen\u00e9e au Canada ne deviendra pas un fardeau \u00e9conomique\r\n\tpour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, les familles parrain\u00e9es par des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 au Canada ont constitu\u00e9 le groupe le plus important de personnes admises au Canada. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/regroupement-familial-au-canada\">Regroupement familial au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s apr\u00e8s 1945<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Depuis la fin de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/deuxieme-guerre-mondiale\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ainsi que les autres personnes d\u00e9poss\u00e9d\u00e9es par la guerre et la violence deviennent une part importante\r\n\tdu flot d\u2019immigration au Canada. Dans la p\u00e9nurie de la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre, le Canada fait entrer des dizaines de milliers de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es. Un grand nombre d\u2019entre eux sont alors sans abri en raison de la guerre, ou se retrouvent, \u00e0 la\r\n\tfin de la guerre, \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de leur pays d\u2019origine et refusent d\u2019y retourner. Parmi les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es se trouvent des survivants juifs de l\u2019Holocauste qui n\u2019ont ni communaut\u00e9 ni famille o\u00f9 retourner. D\u2019autres personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es refusent d\u2019\u00eatre\r\n\trapatri\u00e9es vers des pays qui sont maintenant sous la domination de l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique. Plusieurs s\u2019installent au Canada o\u00f9 ils se b\u00e2tissent une nouvelle vie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours des ann\u00e9es 1960 et 1970, le Canada r\u00e9agit \u00e9galement au sort de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019autres pays qui sont sous le joug de dictatures. \u00c0 la suite de l\u2019\u00e9chec du soul\u00e8vement hongrois de 1956 et de l\u2019\u00e9crasement de la r\u00e9forme politique en Tch\u00e9coslovaquie par\r\n\tl\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique en 1968, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s s\u2019enfuient vers l\u2019ouest. Le Canada r\u00e9pond en mettant de c\u00f4t\u00e9 ses proc\u00e9dures d\u2019immigration normales pour accueillir sa part de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Dans les ann\u00e9es qui suivent, le Canada accorde \u00e0 nouveau une autorisation\r\n\tsp\u00e9ciale pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s politiques de l\u2019Ouganda, du Chili et d\u2019ailleurs (<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/latin-americans\">Latino-Am\u00e9ricains<\/a>). Dans chacun de ces cas, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont admis en tant\r\n\tqu\u2019exceptions aux normes d\u2019immigration sans devoir suivre toutes les proc\u00e9dures d\u2019immigration habituelles.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1978, le Canada promulgue une nouvelle<em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> qui, pour la premi\u00e8re fois, affirme son engagement \u00e0 aider et r\u00e9installer les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui fuient l\u2019oppression, \u00e0 savoir les individus qui ont des craintes fond\u00e9es quant \u00e0 leur risque\r\n\td\u2019\u00eatre pers\u00e9cut\u00e9es dans leur pays d\u2019origine. Par cons\u00e9quent, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ne sont plus admis au Canada en tant qu\u2019exception aux r\u00e8glements d\u2019immigration. L\u2019admission des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s fait maintenant partie de la loi et des r\u00e8glements canadiens sur l\u2019immigration.\r\n\tMais elle demeure controvers\u00e9e et difficile \u00e0 g\u00e9rer. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies\">Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens au Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens au Qu\u00e9bec\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Le premier grand programme de r\u00e9installation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en vertu de la nouvelle loi a lieu au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1980 lorsque le Canada devient le chef de file des pays occidentaux en accueillant des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019Asie duSud-Est, et plus particuli\u00e8rement\r\n\tceux en provenance du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/vietnamiens\">Vietnam<\/a>, souvent appel\u00e9s les \u00ab\u00a0boat people\u00a0\u00bb (r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer). Plusieurs de ces r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer sont s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s parmi ceux qui ont fui\r\n\tle Vietnam \u00e0 bord de minuscules bateaux et se sont retrouv\u00e9s dans des camps de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en Tha\u00eflande ou \u00e0 Hong Kong en attendant des foyers permanents (<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/reponse-canadienne-a-la-crise-des-refugies-de-la-mer\">R\u00e9ponse canadienne \u00e0 la crise des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Certaines personnes cherchant une protection ne sont pas s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9es par les autorit\u00e9s de l\u2019immigration, mais ils viennent plut\u00f4t au Canada pour demander le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Ces demandeurs d\u2019asile arrivent parfois au Canada apr\u00e8s \u00eatre descendus d\u2019avions\r\n\tqui se sont arr\u00eat\u00e9s \u00e0 Gander \u00e0 Terre-Neuve pendant l\u2019escale de ravitaillement. Plusieurs d\u2019entre eux cherchent \u00e0 fuir les horreurs de la guerre et les pers\u00e9cutions de pays comme l\u2019Am\u00e9rique centrale, l\u2019Afrique, le Moyen-Orient, le sous-continent indien\r\n\tet la Chine pour trouver refuge au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Une fois au Canada, les demandeurs d\u2019asile doivent prouver aux autorit\u00e9s canadiennes qu\u2019ils sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s dans leur patrie. Si le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 leur est accord\u00e9, ils peuvent rester au Canada; sinon, les demandeurs peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9port\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration \u00e0 la fin du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Au cours des ann\u00e9es 1980, le nombre de personnes qui entrent au Canada et demandent le statut de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9<\/a> augmente et le processus de d\u00e9termination du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 a du mal \u00e0\r\n\ttraiter rapidement tous les demandeurs. Ces demandeurs d\u2019asile ne sont pas non plus universellement accueillis par les Canadiens. Certains Canadiens craignent que plusieurs des demandeurs d\u2019asile ne soient pas des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s l\u00e9gitimes, mais plut\u00f4t des\r\n\tindividus qui cherchent un moyen de contourner les r\u00e8gles s\u00e9v\u00e8res de l\u2019immigration canadienne.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1980, la question des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s refait dramatiquement surface pour les Canadiens lorsque deux navires \u00e9chouent ill\u00e9galement sur la c\u00f4te est du Canada, avec \u00e0 leur bord des demandeurs d\u2019asile sikhs (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/sikhism\/\">Sikhisme<\/a>\t) et tamouls. Au milieu des craintes exag\u00e9r\u00e9es qui circulent voulant que le Canada soit sur le point d\u2019\u00eatre \u00ab\u00a0inond\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, le Parlement et les autorit\u00e9s d\u2019immigration commencent \u00e0 resserrer les r\u00e8glements et les proc\u00e9dures en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\r\n\tIl en r\u00e9sulte une rationalisation et un durcissement continus du processus canadien de d\u00e9termination du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9. Les autorit\u00e9s canadiennes travaillent \u00e9galement en \u00e9troite collaboration avec d\u2019autres pays et avec des compagnies de transport\r\n\tpour rendre plus difficile l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux personnes susceptibles de pr\u00e9senter une demande de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 au Canada. Certains Canadiens sont pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par le fait que ces changements signifient que certains r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s l\u00e9gitimes se voient maintenant refuser le\r\n\trefuge auquel ils ont droit en vertu des lois internationales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1980 et au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1990, en m\u00eame temps que le Canada cherche \u00e0 emp\u00eacher l\u2019entr\u00e9e de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au pays, il ouvre de nouvelles avenues pour d\u2019autres immigrants ayant des comp\u00e9tences employables ou des ressources financi\u00e8res.\r\n\tAvec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e du gouvernement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/parti-conservateur\">conservateur<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">Brian Mulroney<\/a>, les personnes qui poss\u00e8dent\r\n\tdes fonds ou les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour investir et d\u00e9marrer des entreprises au Canada sont invit\u00e9es \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter une demande d\u2019immigration canadienne. L\u2019id\u00e9e est que ces initiatives pourraient contribuer \u00e0 cr\u00e9er de l\u2019emploi et de la richesse au\r\n\tCanada.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Par cons\u00e9quent, le nombre d\u2019immigrants entrepreneurs ou d\u2019affaires augmente de mani\u00e8re remarquable, atteignant 6\u00a0% du total des immigrants entrant au Canada. Un bon nombre d\u2019immigrants de la classe d\u2019entrepreneurs viennent de Hong Kong, beaucoup\r\n\td\u2019entre eux cherchant refuge pour eux-m\u00eames, pour leurs familles et pour leurs actifs avant que la Chine ne prenne le contr\u00f4le de Hong Kong en 1997. Il est tout naturel qu\u2019un grand nombre r\u00e9ponde \u00e0 l\u2019invitation du Canada et aux possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019investissement\r\n\ten capital. En cons\u00e9quence, le Canada devient une destination de choix pour les gens de Hong Kong et pour d\u2019autres immigrants chinois, ainsi que pour les capitaux. Entre 1981 et 1983, les immigrants chinois investissent 1,1 milliard de dollars dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie\r\n\tcanadienne. La population des immigrants de Hong Kong et d\u2019autres chinois est particuli\u00e8rement prononc\u00e9e dans les grandes r\u00e9gions urbaines telles que Vancouver et Toronto, o\u00f9 les communaut\u00e9s chinoises constituent d\u00e9sormais les plus importants groupes\r\n\td\u2019immigrants. Cependant, la plupart de ces immigrants de la classe d\u2019entrepreneurs ne ma\u00eetrisent ni l\u2019anglais ni le fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 leur arriv\u00e9e au Canada, ce qui incite le gouvernement canadien \u00e0 instaurer des exigences linguistiques plus strictes pour ceux\r\n\tqui viennent au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>L\u2019immigration en provenance de l\u2019Afrique (principalement de l\u2019Afrique du Sud, de la Tanzanie, de l\u2019\u00c9thiopie, du Kenya, du Ghana, de l\u2019Uganda et du Nig\u00e9ria) augmente \u00e9galement durant les ann\u00e9es 1980 et 1990. Certains de ces immigrants sont des professionnels\r\n\tdipl\u00f4m\u00e9s et ils cherchent de meilleures conditions de travail au Canada. Toutefois, la vaste majorit\u00e9 d\u2019entre eux sont des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui fuient la guerre, la famine et l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 politique et \u00e9conomique de leurs pays d\u2019origine.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Avec le ralentissement \u00e9conomique des ann\u00e9es 1990, l\u2019immigration \u00e9merge \u00e0 nouveau en tant que sujet de d\u00e9bat public. Rien de plus naturel, si on consid\u00e8re l\u2019impact continu de l\u2019immigration sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne. Bien que de nombreux \u00e9conomistes soutiennent\r\n\tque le Canada, avec son taux de natalit\u00e9 relativement bas et sa population vieillissante, a besoin d\u2019une infusion de population, d\u2019\u00e9nergie, de comp\u00e9tences, de capitaux et du pouvoir d\u2019achat que les immigrants apportent au Canada, plusieurs continuent\r\n\td\u2019avoir des doutes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Comme les immigrants d\u2019origine non europ\u00e9enne constituent la large majorit\u00e9 de ceux qui entrent au pays, certains Canadiens expriment leur inqui\u00e9tude face au caract\u00e8re changeant du Canada urbain. Cependant, un grand nombre de ces pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s envers les Canadiens\r\n\td\u2019origines ethniques et raciales diff\u00e9rentes ont souvent tendance \u00e0 \u00eatre exag\u00e9r\u00e9s et \u00e0 nuire aux communaut\u00e9s minoritaires.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le d\u00e9bat public sur l\u2019immigration au Canada demeure n\u00e9anmoins civilis\u00e9 et est certainement libre de la violence qu\u2019a engendr\u00e9e l\u2019arriv\u00e9e massive d\u2019immigrants en France et en Allemagne.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration canadienne depuis le 11 septembre 2001<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>En cons\u00e9quence directe aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements du 11 septembre 2001, de la menace terroriste et des questions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, le Canada a resserr\u00e9 ses politiques d\u2019immigration (<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/le-11-septembre-et-le-canada\">Le 11 septembre et le Canada<\/a>).\r\n\tEn 2002, l\u2019adoption de la <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/em> (LIPR) est adopt\u00e9e. Cette nouvelle loi remplace la <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration de 1976<\/em>. Elle rend notamment plus difficile l\u2019immigration au Canada, y compris pour\r\n\tles r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Cependant, cette loi facilite \u00e9galement l\u2019entr\u00e9e au Canada pour les couples vivant en union libre ou les unions de m\u00eame sexe.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La position plus s\u00e9v\u00e8re du Canada \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la migration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s se refl\u00e8te dans la mani\u00e8re dont le pays a trait\u00e9 les demandeurs d\u2019asile tamouls en 2009 et 2010. Per\u00e7us comme \u00e9tant des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s simul\u00e9s, plusieurs sont emprisonn\u00e9s malgr\u00e9 le fait\r\n\tqu\u2019ils \u00e9taient de vrais r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. De nombreux Canadiens r\u00e9agissent de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on face aux demandeurs d\u2019asile qui traversent la fronti\u00e8re canado-am\u00e9ricaine de mani\u00e8re irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re pour trouver une protection au Canada. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Entente sur les tiers pays s\u00fbrs entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis<\/a>.)\r\n\tEt ce, malgr\u00e9 le fait que c\u2019est un droit de la personne reconnu internationalement que de chercher refuge dans un autre pays.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ces attitudes contrastent fortement avec la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/reponse-canadienne-a-la-crise-des-refugies-syriens\">r\u00e9ponse canadienne \u00e0 la crise des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens<\/a>. Entre 2015 et 2017, le Canada r\u00e9installe\r\n\t54 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens. Bien que ce chiffre soit sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui des \u00c9tats-Unis, la contribution du Canada fait p\u00e2le figure en comparaison des autres pays comme l\u2019Allemagne, le Liban, la Turquie et la Su\u00e8de.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigration de l\u2019\u00e8re moderne au Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada accueille un nombre consid\u00e9rable d\u2019immigrants chaque ann\u00e9e. De 2001 \u00e0 2014, une moyenne d\u2019environ 249 500 immigrants re\u00e7us s\u2019est install\u00e9e au Canada, chaque ann\u00e9e. En 2015, plus de 271 800 migrants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 admis, et ce nombre est pass\u00e9 \u00e0 296\r\n\t300 en 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Entre 2016 et 2021, le Canada a accueilli un peu plus de 1,3 million d\u2019immigrants.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/donnees-demographiques-collecte-des\">recensement<\/a> de 2021 d\u00e9montrent que les migrants en provenance de l\u2019Inde, des Philippines et de la Chine sont les trois groupes les plus\r\n\tnombreux parmi les immigrants arriv\u00e9s r\u00e9cemment au Canada. Pr\u00e8s de 18,6\u00a0% des immigrants r\u00e9cents sont n\u00e9s en Inde, 11,4\u00a0% sont n\u00e9s aux Philippines, et 8,9\u00a0% sont n\u00e9s en Chine. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadiens-de-lasie-du-sud\">Canadiens de l\u2019Asie du Sud<\/a>;\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/philippins\">Communaut\u00e9 philippine au Canada<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/sino-canadiens\">Communaut\u00e9 chinoise au Canada<\/a>.) D\u2019autres groupes importants d\u2019immigrants\r\n\tsont originaires de la Syrie (4,8\u00a0%), du Nig\u00e9ria (3\u00a0%), des \u00c9tats-Unis (3\u00a0%), du Pakistan (2,7\u00a0%), de la France (2\u00a0%), de l\u2019Iran (1,9\u00a0%) et du Royaume-Uni (1,7\u00a0%).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>R\u00e9pondez au jeu-questionnaire!<\/strong>\r\n\t\t<br> Testez vos connaissances sur le multiculturalisme au Canada en r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalisme-au-canada\">ce jeu-questionnaire du D\u00e9fi de la citoyennet\u00e9<\/a>! Le D\u00e9fi de la citoyennet\u00e9 est\r\n\t\tun programme de Historica Canada qui invite les Canadiens et les Canadiennes \u00e0 tester leurs connaissances nationales en r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citoyennete\">examen<\/a> simul\u00e9 de citoyennet\u00e9, ainsi\r\n\t\tqu\u2019\u00e0 d\u2019autres jeux-questionnaires th\u00e9matiques.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>La vaste majorit\u00e9 des nouveaux arrivants (88,7\u00a0%) s\u2019\u00e9tablissent dans quatre provinces\u00a0: l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ontario-2\">Ontario<\/a> (44\u00a0%), le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>\t(15,3\u00a0%), la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/colombie-britannique\">Colombie-Britannique<\/a> (14,9\u00a0%) et l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/alberta\">Alberta<\/a> (14,5\u00a0%). La plupart d\u2019entre\r\n\teux vivent \u00e9galement dans les grands centres urbains de ces villes, comme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/toronto-7\">Toronto<\/a> (29,5\u00a0%), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/montreal-1\">Montr\u00e9al<\/a>\t(12,2\u00a0%) et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/vancouver-16\">Vancouver<\/a> (11,7\u00a0%). Ces trois villes accueillent \u00e0 elles seules plus de la moiti\u00e9 de tous les immigrants r\u00e9cents. Toutefois, ce pourcentage a diminu\u00e9 \u00e0\r\n\tmesure que les immigrants se sont install\u00e9s dans d\u2019autres centres urbains.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Selon le recensement de 2021, les Canadiennes et les Canadiens originairement n\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du pays repr\u00e9sentent 23\u00a0% (soit 8,3 millions de personnes) de la population canadienne, une proportion record depuis 1921. Le Canada compte la plus forte\r\n\tproportion d\u2019immigrants parmi les pays du G7. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/g7-groupe-des-sept\">Canada et le G7<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada moderne a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit sur la migration et les contributions de nombreux groupes d\u2019immigrants, en commen\u00e7ant par les premiers colons fran\u00e7ais, en passant par les nouveaux arrivants du Royaume-Uni, de l\u2019Europe centrale, des Antilles et de l\u2019Afrique,\r\n\tjusqu\u2019aux immigrants de l\u2019Asie et du Moyen-Orient. Bien que les enjeux pos\u00e9s par le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/racisme\">racisme<\/a> et la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/prejuges-et-discrimination\">discrimination<\/a>\tdemeurent, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne reste g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement ouverte \u00e0 l\u2019immigration. De plus, la contribution de nombreux immigrants \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne, ainsi que leur d\u00e9sir d\u2019aider \u00e0 b\u00e2tir une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 meilleure en terre canadienne sont incontestables.<\/p>","slug":"immigration","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"fr","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2013-04-23T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-08T14:50:24.000000Z"},{"id":"9e15ca2c-783c-4bc4-b17c-75dc12d04eae","article_id":"76085","title":"\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4","summary":"<p>\u05ea\u05e0\u05d5\u05e2\u05ea\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d7\u05ea \u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05ea \u05dc\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05de\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea. \u05e1\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e1\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d2\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc \u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05d4 \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05d3\u05e8; \u05d1\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 - \u05d5\u05e0\u05e9\u05d0\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d3 - \u05e2\u05dc \r\n \u05d4\u05ea\u05e4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d2\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05e2\u05de\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u05dc\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d5\u05e9\u05d4 \u05de\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05de\u05e4\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d0\u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d2\u05d6\u05e2\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05ea\u05e8\u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e8\u05d1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">\u05ea\u05e8<\/a> \u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e7<\/a> \u05e0\u05d3\u05d4; \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4).<\/a> \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05ea\u05e8\u05de\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd \r\n \u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05dd <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u05d4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d0\u05d3\u05de\u05d5\u05ea<\/a> \u05d0\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(\u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d8\u05e7\u05e1\u05d8 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05de\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05d0\u05dd \u05d1\u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05e0\u05da \u05dc\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dd \u05d1\u05e9\u05e4\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e9\u05d5\u05d8\u05d4, \u05d0\u05e0\u05d0 \u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 (\u05e1\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dd \u05d1\u05e9\u05e4\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e9\u05d5\u05d8\u05d4).<\/a>)<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd\" alt=\"\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"\u05d9\u05dc\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4\" alt=\"\u05d9\u05dc\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"\u05d3\u05d5\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd\" alt=\"\u05d3\u05d5\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd\" alt=\"\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"\u05d5\u05d5\u05e1\u05d8 \u05d1\u05e1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05df\" alt=\"\u05d5\u05d5\u05e1\u05d8 \u05d1\u05e1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05df\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4 (\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4 -16 - 18)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05dc\u05da \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4 -17 \u05d5\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4 -18, \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e4\u05e7\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05e4\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05d7 \u05e2\u05dc \u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05da \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4, \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e8\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d4\u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05d3\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05ea. \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05d5\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05d5\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0 \u05db\u05de\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05e6\u05d5\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \r\n \u05e9\u05dc \u05db\u05e1\u05e3 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e2\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea. \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4. \u05d4\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d7\u05d5\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3 \u05e1\u05d5\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05de\u05e2\u05df \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d8\u05e8\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05e9\u05e9\u05d5 \u05de\u05d4\u05ea\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05e1\u05d7\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d5\u05d7\u05d9 (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \r\n<\/em> \u05e1\u05d7\u05e8 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/fur-trade\/\">\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d5\u05d4<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05e0\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e4\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05d3\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e4\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0\u05d8 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05ea\u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05d1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05e8\u05e7\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d9\u05e0\u05e6\u05dc\u05d5 \u05de\u05e9\u05d0\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d8\u05d1\u05e2 - \u05dc\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05dd \u05de\u05e9\u05e7\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \r\n \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd. \u05e7\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd \u05e9\u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd<\/a> \u05dc\u05e0\u05e6\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea. \u05d4\u05d4\u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d2\u05d3\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d4\u05d3\u05e8\u05d2\u05d4 \u05d0\u05da \u05dc\u05d0 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e7\u05d5\u05e9\u05d9. \r\n\u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/new-france\/\">\u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4<\/a> \u05d1\u05d6\u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05db\u05d9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">\u05d1\u05d5\u05e9<\/a> \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9 (1759\u201460) \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05db -65,000. \u05d1\u05e0\u05d5 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\">\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e1\u05e7\u05d5\u05d8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4\u05d5 \u05e7<\/a> \u05d4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/scots\">\u05e1\u05e7\u05d5\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05d5\u05e9\u05ea\u05dc\u05ea<\/a> \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05de\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\">\u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd<\/a> \u05d5\u05e9\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\">\u05d5\u05d9\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd<\/a>. \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4 -17 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d6\u05e7\u05d5 \u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\">\u05d0\u05d9<\/a> \u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05e4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d3\u05dc\u05e0\u05d3<\/a>. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d2\u05dd<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-immigration-in-canada\">\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4<\/a>), \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05d0 \u05de\u05d9\u05d3 \u05dc\u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d1 \r\n \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea. \u05dc\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05e7\u05d5\u05de\u05e5 \u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9 \u05e6\u05d1\u05d0 \u05d5\u05e1\u05d5\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d5\u05d5\u05d0\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05d4\u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5 \u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd, \u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05d0\u05db\u05df\r\n, \u05e1\u05e4\u05e7 \u05d0\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05de\u05ea\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d4\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05e9\u05e9\u05d5 \u05db\u05d9 \u05d6\u05e8\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05e4\u05e8\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">\u05d8<\/a> \u05e1\u05d8\u05e0\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d9\u05e1\u05d1\u05da \u05d0\u05ea \r\n \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc \u05d1\u05e9\u05d8\u05d7 \u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">\u05e8\u05d5\u05de\u05d9-\u05e7\u05ea<\/a> \u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05db\u05d1\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4. \u05e8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d5\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d7\u05e4\u05e9 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05e7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05d6\u05d2 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \r\n \u05d4\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1nQwJ4NDRaO1PhAPuWnxDoGN2adxIhoqj\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d4 (\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4 -18 - 19)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d4\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/province-of-quebec-1763-91\">\u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1\u05e7<\/a> \u05e0\u05d0\u05dc\u05e6\u05d5 \u05e2\u05d3 \u05de\u05d4\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d0\u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8 \u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d8\u05e1\u05d8\u05e0\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e0\u05e2\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05e4\u05db\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea. \r\n\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05de\u05e4 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\">\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3\u05ea<\/a>, \u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05dd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd<\/a> \u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd. \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d2\u05e8\u05d5 \u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \r\n \u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d2\u05dc\u05dc \u05e9\u05d4\u05dd \u05e0\u05d0\u05dc\u05e6\u05d5. \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e8\u05e6\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05da \u05dc\u05d0\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05d7\u05e9\u05e9\u05d5 \u05de\u05e0\u05e7\u05de\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05ea\u05de\u05d9\u05db\u05ea\u05dd \u05d4\u05e6\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd. \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dc\u05dc\u05d5, \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4, \u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05ea \r\n \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05e1\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8 \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05de\u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05d9, \u05d5\u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8, \u05dc\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05e8\u05d4&quot;\u05d1, \u05d4\u05d5\u05d2\u05d1\u05dc\u05d4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e0\u05ea\u05de\u05db\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d4\u05e6\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05d0\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05e8\u05d2\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05e7\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05d3\u05de\u05d5\u05ea. \u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5 \u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd, \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05e7\u05ea\u05dd \u05e0\u05e2\u05e9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e4\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e0\u05d5 \r\n \u05d4\u05d2 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d7\u05d6\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">\u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd<\/a> \u05e2\u05d6\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d2\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05d0\u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea. \u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05e6\u05d3\u05d3\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e6\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05dc\u05da \u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea, \u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \r\n \u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d3\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dd \u05e2\u05d5\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d2\u05d6\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05e0\u05d9\u05db\u05e8. \u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05ea\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d1\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e7\u05d4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05d6\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05de\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/shelburne\">\u05e9\u05dc\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05df \u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05e8\u05e6&#39;\u05d8\u05d0\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05e0\u05d5<\/a> \u05d1\u05d4 \u05e1\u05e7\u05d5\u05d8\u05d9\u05d4\r\n. (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-feature\">\u05d4\u05d2\u05e2\u05ea\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e0\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e1\u05e7\u05d5\u05d8\u05d9\u05d4<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea (\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4 -19)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05d0\u05de\u05e6\u05e2 \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4 -19 \u05d7\u05d6\u05e8\u05d5 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea - \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1 \u05d1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8 - \u05dc\u05d3\u05e4\u05d5\u05e1 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e6\u05de\u05d9\u05d7\u05d4 \u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d3 \u05db\u05d0\u05d1. \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05d3 \u05e8\u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d0\u05e8\u05d4&quot;\u05d1 \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05d3\u05e8\u05d2\u05d4 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05d3\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d1 \r\n \u05de\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d7\u05d9\u05d6\u05e7\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e1\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea. \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d3\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d3\u05e8\u05da \u05db\u05dc\u05dc \u05dc\u05d6\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05e7\u05d4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05e1\u05e1\u05ea. \u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05e8\u05e2\u05d1 \u05ea\u05e4\u05d5\u05d7\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d3\u05de\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc, \u05d5\u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e4\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea\u05d4, \u05e9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05e4\u05dc\u05d5 \r\n \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1848 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d7\u05d5 \u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/a1d07311-76d4-4add-a712-6cf7e3974330.jpg\" title=\"\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd\" alt=\"\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31e9a52d-4036-4435-9432-137b0f21fbda.jpg\" title=\"\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\" alt=\"\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05de\u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05e2\u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dc\u05dc\u05d5, \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">\u05d0\u05d9<\/a> \u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d4\u05d2\u05e2\u05ea\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d6\u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d1\u05de\u05d5\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8 \r\n \u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd. \u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d3\u05e8\u05da \u05db\u05dc\u05dc, \u05d4\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e7\u05e4\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d4\u05ea\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d3\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d5-\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05e7\u05d9\u05de\u05d5 \u05de\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5\u05d8 \u05e8\u05d5\u05de\u05d9-\u05e7\u05ea\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4-\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1 \u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d8\u05e1\u05d8\u05e0\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8. \r\n\u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05d4\u05e7\u05ea\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e7\u05e6\u05ea \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea\u05dd \u05d0\u05da \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e9\u05e4\u05ea\u05dd. \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d4\u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dc\u05dc\u05d5 \u05dc\u05db\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9 \u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d7\u05e9\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05dd \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d3\u05e8\u05e9\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05dc\u05d4\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05d5\u05d7 \r\n \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05d6\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/history-of-agriculture\/\">\u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05e9\u05e0\u05de\u05dc\u05d8\u05d5 \u05de\u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d2\u05e8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d1\u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dd \u05e0\u05e8\u05d3\u05e3 \u05dc\u05e2\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d5\u05ea\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea, \u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05de\u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d5\u05db\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e8\u05e2\u05d1 \u05d4\u05ea\u05dc\u05d4\u05d1\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05d7\u05d9\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d4 (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5<\/em> \u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d7\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea).<\/a> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/railway-history\/\">\u05d1\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05d5 \u05e2\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d7\u05d1\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canals-and-inland-waterways\/\">\u05d1\u05ea<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/timber-trade-history\/\">\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05e6\u05d9\u05dd \r\n \u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05e9\u05ea \u05d4<\/a> \u05e8\u05db\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05e4\u05ea\u05d7\u05ea. \r\n<\/a> \u05d1\u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05e2\u05de\u05d3\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9-\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e4\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e8 \u05de\u05d6\u05dc, \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d4\u05d5\u05ea\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05d3\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4\u05e7\u05ea, \u05e9\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05e4\u05e8\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05e6\u05e6\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \r\n \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea (\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4 -19 - \u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4 -20)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\/\">\u05e2\u05dd \u05e9\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5\u05e8 \u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e0\u05de\u05d5\u05da \u05d9\u05d7\u05e1\u05d9\u05ea, \u05e9\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d8\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d0\u05da \u05de\u05ea\u05de\u05e9\u05db\u05ea \u05de\u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05d3\u05df \u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/confederation\/\">\u05e4<\/a> \u05d3\u05e8\u05e6\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05df \u05d9\u05ea\u05e8 \r\n (\r\n\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4).<\/a><\/em> \u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d2\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d3\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e2\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d0\u05e8\u05d4&quot;\u05d1 - \u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05e6\u05e2 \u05d1\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05d5\u05d2\u05d1\u05dc \u05dc\u05db\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d3\u05de\u05d4 \u05d7\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 - \u05de\u05e9\u05db\u05d4 \u05d0\u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d5-\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d4\u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05e9\u05db\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d1\u05de\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05e0\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05e0\u05d3 (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5<\/em> \u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franco-americans\/\">\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd).<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05dc\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0\u05ea \u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4 -19 \u05e0\u05e4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d5 \u05de\u05d7\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prairie\/\">\u05d6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d4<\/a> \u05d4\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d0\u05da \u05e8\u05e7 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 - \u05dc\u05e4\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea - \u05d4\u05e2\u05e7\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-nations\">\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e2<\/a> \u05de\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/metis\">\u05d8\u05d9\u05e1 \u05de\u05d0<\/a> \u05d3\u05de\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd. (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd<\/em> \u05de\u05e8\u05d3 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">\u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05df-\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1.<\/a>) \u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \r\n \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d4 \u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc \u05e2\u05dc\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e8\u05e7 \u05db\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05d1\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d7\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d8\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d3\u05dc \u05d2\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05e9 \u05dc\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d7\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e9\u05d4, \u05e2\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d3 \u05e2\u05dd \u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">\u05d5\u05d9\u05dc\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d3 \u05dc\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4, \u05e9\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9<\/a> \u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e8\u05d7\u05d1\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05e7\u05e3. \r\n\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">\u05e7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d3 \u05e1\u05d9\u05e4\u05d8\u05d5\u05df, \u05d0\u05e8\u05d2\u05df \u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05d7\u05d5\u05d3<\/a> \u05e9\u05ea \u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d7\u05d9\u05e7\u05ea \u05dc\u05db\u05ea. \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05db\u05df, \u05d0\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05e1\u05e8 \u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05df, \u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \r\n \u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05dc\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d0\u05e8\u05d4&quot;\u05d1. \u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05e0\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e1\u05d9\u05e4\u05d8\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05e4\u05ea\u05d5\u05d7 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05d7\u05d5\u05e5 \u05dc\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e7\u05e4\u05d4 \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea, \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d0\u05da \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05e7\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9. \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05ea \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d3\u05d9\u05e4\u05d4 \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05e8\u05d4&quot;\u05d1. \r\n\u05d1\u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc, \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05dd \u05dc\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d3\u05d7\u05ea\u05d4 \u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d4 \u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05dd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\u05d2\u05d6\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd<\/a>. \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d7\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05e0\u05dc\u05d7\u05e6\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d8\u05e8\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05e8\u05db\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4, \u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d6\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d7\u05e8\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4\u05df \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d5\u05dc \u05d7\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e9 \u05ea\u05d6\u05d6\u05d9\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d4\u05dd \u05e8\u05e9\u05de\u05d5 \u05de\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d4\u05e2\u05d3\u05e4\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d3\u05ea. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d7\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7 \r\n \u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d1\u05dc\u05d2\u05d9\u05dd, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">\u05d4\u05d5\u05dc\u05e0<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd<\/a>, \u05e1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e9\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">\u05d5\u05d9<\/a> \u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e8\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd<\/a>, \r\n \u05d0\u05d5\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05d5-\u05d4\u05d5\u05e0\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd; \u05d4\u05d5\u05e0\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd), \u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d0\u05d5\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd<\/a>. \r\n \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a> \r\n\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05dc\u05ea\u05d7\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5, \u05d4\u05df \u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d4\u05df \u05d1\u05de\u05d5\u05d7\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05d4, \u05e4\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05d8\u05de\u05e2\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e4\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05d7\u05e9\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd, \u05dc\u05de\u05e9\u05dc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">\u05d0\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd<\/a>, \u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05dd \u05e1\u05dc\u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d9\u05d5 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd<\/a> \u05d5\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5<\/em> \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd)<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">.<\/a> \u05d1\u05ea\u05d7\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd, \r\n \u05d0\u05e1\u05d9<\/a> \u05d0\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e8\u05d5\u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \r\n \u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05d8\u05d5\u05d5\u05d4, \u05dc\u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05ea \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05d3 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05d2\u05e2 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4. \u05d7\u05d5\u05e7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>\u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea<\/em><\/a> \u05d2\u05dd \u05e0\u05ea\u05df \u05dc\u05de\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05d5\u05ea \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc \u05d1\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \r\n \u05d0\u05dd \u05d9\u05d1\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea. \u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1\u05e7 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3 \u05d1\u05db\u05da \u05d5\u05d4\u05e7\u05d9\u05de\u05d4 \u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05d4. \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d5 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05e8\u05d7\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea \u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d1\u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e5 \u05dc\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd, \u05d0\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05da, \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05e2\u05e8 \u05d4\u05db\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e7\u05d5 \r\n \u05d5\u05d9\u05d1\u05e7 \u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05e0\u05d3. \u05d1\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05e3 \u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05d3\u05e8\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05e9\u05dc\u05d7\u05d5 \u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05e0\u05d3 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05d3 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d7\u05d6\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d3\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05da \u05e9\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea. \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d6\u05db\u05ea\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e6\u05dc\u05d7\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05d2\u05d1\u05dc\u05ea \u05d1\u05dc\u05d1\u05d3, \r\n \u05d0\u05da \u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05dc \u05e1\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d3\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e0\u05de\u05e9\u05db\u05d4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05de\u05e6\u05e2\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05dc\u05d0 \u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05dc \u05de\u05e9\u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d7\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea. \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd, \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05dd \u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d8\u05e1\u05d8\u05e0\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05d7\u05d5 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d1\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05d3 \u05db\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9, \u05d5\u05d1\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5 \r\n \u05dc\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d9\u05ea\u05e8 \u05e2\u05dc \u05db\u05df, \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dc\u05dc\u05d5 \u05e8\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05dd \u05e8\u05e7 \u05db\u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d6\u05de\u05e0\u05d9. \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05e7\u05e9\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d7 \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05e7 \u05db\u05e1\u05e3 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05e4\u05d9\u05e1\u05ea \u05d0\u05d3\u05de\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea, \u05dc\u05d4\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05d1 \u05e0\u05d3\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e9\u05dc\u05dd \u05d7\u05d5\u05d1 \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d7\u05ea\u05d9. \r\n\u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05d4\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05de\u05e6\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05e6\u05dc\u05d7\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05e6\u05dc\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d7\u05d6\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d2\u05dc\u05dc \u05ea\u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05d1\u05e1\u05e1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05d0\u05dd \u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8, \u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e0\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d5\u05d9\u05dc\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05e6\u05d8\u05e8\u05e3 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9 \u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4, \u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1\u05e7, 1911 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e8\u05da \" alt=\"\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9 \u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4, \u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1\u05e7, 1911 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e8\u05da \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0 \u05de\u05d2\u05d5\u05d5\u05df \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e0\u05d3\u05d5\u05d3 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4, \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05db\u05dc\u05dc\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">\u05de\u05e7\u05d3\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e8\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd<\/a>, \u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd.<\/a> \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dc\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d5\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05db\u05e0\u05e1 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05e1\u05e4\u05e7 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d6\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05d0\u05d2\u05e8 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4 \u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4. \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05dd \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05d5 \u05d1\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e6\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05e1\u05d9\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05db\u05d1\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-pacific-railway\">\u05e7\u05d9 \r\n \u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e1 \u05d4\u05e9\u05e7\u05d8<\/a>. \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05de\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05e4\u05d2<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d8\u05d5<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hamilton\/\">\u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d8\u05d5\u05df<\/a> \u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">\u05d5\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">\u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e2\u05de\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dd \u05d7\u05e8\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d3\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05e7\u05d3\u05d5\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea \r\n \u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d3\u05ea\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e8\u05e7 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d4\u05d2\u05e2\u05ea\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e8\u05e7\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05ea\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d3\u05e8\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9 \u05d9\u05e6\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d2\u05d6\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05e6\u05d3 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd. \u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05d1\u05dc\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05ea. \u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05db\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5 \u05d1\u05db\u05da \u05e9\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05d0\u05df \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0\u05e8, \u05e9\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05ea\u05dd \r\n \u05d5\u05db\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05e0\u05d7\u05d5\u05e6\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d5\u05db\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05db\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e9\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8. \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5 \u05ea\u05e4\u05e7\u05d9\u05d3 \u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d1\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd - \u05d4\u05e0\u05d7\u05ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">\u05de\u05e1\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9<\/a> \u05d7\u05e9\u05de\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea, \r\n \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">\u05e4\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d8\u05e7\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05e8\u05d7\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d7<\/a> \u05e4\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05d1. \u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d4 \u05de\u05d7\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d2\u05d6 \r\n \u05e2\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d2\u05d6\u05e2\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05d7\u05d5\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d1\u05db\u05da \u05e9\u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8\u05d5 \u05dc\u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05db\u05e0\u05e1 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e8\u05e7 \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea \u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05e1\u05e8 \u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05df. \u05e2\u05d3 \u05de\u05d4\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05e7\u05de\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05e4\u05e1\u05e7\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \r\n \u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d2\u05d6\u05e2\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"\u05ea\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\" alt=\"\u05ea\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d3\u05ea \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3. \u05e6\u05e2\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05de\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">\u05de\u05e1 \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9<\/a> \u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9, \u05de\u05d9\u05e1\u05d9 \u05e0\u05d7\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4, \u05d4\u05e1\u05db\u05de\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d1\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d3\u05d5-\u05e6\u05d3\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05e1\u05d9\u05e2\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05e1 \r\n \u05e8\u05d5 \u05db\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd \u05d7\u05d5\u05e7<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">\u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9<\/a>.) \u05d4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d9\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d2\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05d2 \r\n \u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea. \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d7\u05e9\u05e9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d9\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05d3 \u05d2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d6\u05de\u05e0\u05d9 \u05db\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e8\u05db\u05d1\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05de\u05db\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea, \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1 \u05dc\u05e6\u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05ea. \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d7\u05e9\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d2\u05d6\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05e8\u05d7\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 &quot;\u05e1\u05db\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e6\u05d4\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4&quot; \u05db\u05d1\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc \u05e9\u05ea\u05e1\u05db\u05df \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e8\u05e7\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc \r\n \u05d4\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1914, \u05db\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 400 \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05e1\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>Komagata Maru<\/em><\/a> \u05e0\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e0\u05de\u05dc \u05d5\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d6\u05de\u05df \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05dc\u05d1\u05d8\u05d5 \u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05ea\u05dd. \u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \r\n \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05dd \u05e0\u05ea\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea, \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05e9\u05e4\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d6\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d8\u05dc\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05dd \u05d0\u05e1\u05d9\u05d4. \u05d4\u05e6\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4, \u05d1\u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4, \u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05de\u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05ea\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d5\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05e8 \u05de\u05d4 \r\n \u05d7\u05d5\u05e3. \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d2\u05d5 \u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d7\u05e8 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05db\u05e9\u05d7\u05d6\u05e8\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05dc\u05da <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4<\/a> \u05e4\u05e8\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d8\u05d9-\u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05e2\u05d5\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05e0\u05d0\u05ea \u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d6\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d5\u05e4\u05e0\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d2\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05e7\u05e9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1. \u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9 \r\n \u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dd \u05e7\u05e9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d2\u05dd \u05d4\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd. \u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e6\u05e8\u05db\u05d9 \u05db\u05d5\u05d7 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05d4\u05e6\u05d1\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9, \u05d4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5 \u05db\u05d9 \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e6\u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd. \u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/serbs\/\">\u05e1\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e4\u05d5\u05dc<\/a> \u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05d3\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d7\u05d6\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e6\u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05d4\u05d0\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d2\u05d5\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05e6\u05d1\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e1\u05e4\u05e6\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \r\n \u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-army\">\u05dc\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e6\u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05e6\u05d8\u05e8\u05e3, \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd, \u05de\u05e7\u05d3\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05d5\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05ea\u05e0\u05d3\u05d1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e6\u05d1\u05d0 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd 1910\u201411 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e4\u05e9\u05d8\u05d5 \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05d9 \u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05e6\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05ea\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05e0\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8 \u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d1\u05e8\u05d8\u05d4. \u05e6\u05d0\u05e6\u05d0\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8, \u05d4\u05dd \u05e0\u05d3\u05d7\u05e7\u05d5 \u05de\u05d0\u05d3\u05de\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d1\u05e9\u05d8\u05d7 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e7\u05dc\u05d4\u05d5\u05de\u05d4, \u05e9\u05dd \u05e7\u05d9\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d6\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e7\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5 \r\n \u05dc\u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d4\u05ea\u05d2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e6\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d0\u05dc\u05d1\u05e8\u05d8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05d9\u05d4. \u05d4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05d3\u05e8\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05d6\u05de\u05d5 \u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05e4\u05e9\u05d5\u05d8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d0. \u05e9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4 <em>\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4<\/em> \u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05e0\u05e2 \u05d1\u05de\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05e9 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d0\u05da \u05dc\u05de\u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05df \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05e2 \u05de\u05db\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8 \r\n \u05d2\u05d9\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05de\u05e1\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7. \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e8\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e4\u05e7\u05d7\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05dc\u05e2\u05d5\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05d4\u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d3\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05d1\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9 \u05db\u05e9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0\u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05d6 \u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd. \r\n\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e2\u05e8\u05e2\u05d5\u05e8. \u05d4\u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05d6\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d4\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d1\u05d6\u05d1\u05d6 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d6\u05de\u05e0\u05dd \u05d5\u05db\u05e1\u05e4\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd \u05e6\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05d5\u05e2<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deemed-unsuitable-black-pioneers-in-western-canada-feature\">\u05e6\u05d4 P.C. 1911\u20141324<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d4 \u05de\u05d4\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05e1\u05d4 \u05d4\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05e8\u05e1\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05e0\u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/great-depression\/\">\u05d4\u05e9\u05e4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc<\/a>, \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05e9\u05d4. \u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5 \r\n \u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05e2\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05e2\u05d3 1933 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d8 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d2\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dd \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e4\u05e9\u05e2 \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea. \u05d0\u05e3 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd<\/a> \u05d1\u05ea\u05e2\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d4\u05d3\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05e7\u05ea\u05dd \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05d0\u05e9\u05ea \u05d5\u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05db\u05ea\u05dd \u05de\u05d7\u05d5\u05e1\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e1\u05d9\u05d5\u05e2 \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9, \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05dc \u05d4\u05e7\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d8 \u05d4\u05e4\u05d3\u05e8\u05dc\u05d9, \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d3\u05d9\u05e4\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05d8\u05d9 \r\n \u05d5\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9 \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4, \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d3\u05d0\u05d2\u05d4 \u05dc\u05db\u05dc \u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5 \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e0\u05de\u05dc\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4. \u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d4 \u05de\u05db\u05da, \u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e6\u05dc\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e2\u05e7\u05d5\u05e3 \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05d2\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea. (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">\u05d2\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea \u05e1\u05e0\u05d8 \u05dc\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u05e4\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e7 \u05de\u05d7\u05e1\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05d6\u05e2\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1945, \u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8\u05d5 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9 \u05de\u05d4\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4. \u05d0\u05d1\u05dc \u05d4\u05e9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d7\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d1\u05d5\u05d0. \u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05e2\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d7\u05d4 \u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4, \u05e9\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d5\u05dc\u05da \u05d5\u05d2\u05d3\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05e9 \u05dc\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d4 \u05de\u05db\u05da, \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \r\n \u05e4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05d3\u05e8\u05d2\u05d4 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e9\u05e2\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05ea. \u05d1\u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d3\u05d9\u05e4\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05dc\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd - \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05de\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d4 - \u05d0\u05da \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e4\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d2\u05dd \u05dc\u05e9\u05d0\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d4. \u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05e2\u05dd \u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e8\u05d4, \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \r\n \u05de\u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d4 \u05e0\u05e2\u05e6\u05e8\u05d4. \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1 \u05e0\u05e1\u05d2\u05e8\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4. \u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05dd \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d4, \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d9\u05d5\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d8\u05d5\u05d2\u05dc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05dc\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1\u05e7\" alt=\"\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05dc\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1\u05e7\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05d2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05de\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d6\u05e8\u05de\u05d4 \u05d0\u05da \u05d5\u05e8\u05e7 \u05dc\u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05d9 \u05de\u05e9\u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05db\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea. \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d9\u05e6\u05d0\u05d4 \u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d4\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05db\u05de\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea, \u05d5\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4 \u05de\u05d9\u05dc \r\n \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e0\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4. \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05dd \u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e8\u05d7\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05e9\u05ea\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd - \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05db\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 - \u05e2\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d6 \u05dc\u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9 \u05de\u05e7\u05e6\u05d5\u05e2 \u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05e8\u05de\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4. \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4, \u05e4\u05d3\u05e8\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05de\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea, \u05e0\u05db\u05e0\u05e2\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d8 \u05d0\u05d8 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05dc\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05de\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d6 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/human-rights\/\">\u05db\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05d3\u05dd<\/a> \u05de\u05e6\u05d3 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \r\n \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d9\u05dc\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd. \u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05de\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e4\u05e2\u05d9\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05de\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea, \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05dc\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05de\u05e2\u05df \u05de\u05d8\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e4\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e5 \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05ea\u05d9; \u05db\u05db\u05d0\u05dc\u05d4, \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05d3\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4, \u05d4\u05dd \r\n \u05e1\u05d9\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05de\u05e2\u05de\u05d3 \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d2\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05df \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4. \u05e0\u05ea\u05de\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d3\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05d3\u05d5\u05de\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d4\u05dd \u05d2\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05d6\u05e2\u05d9\u05ea \u05e0\u05d2\u05d3\u05dd \u05d5\u05d3\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5 \u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05de\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d6\u05db\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05d3\u05dd. \u05d4\u05dd \u05d0\u05d9\u05dc\u05e6\u05d5 \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7 \r\n \u05e7 \u05e0\u05d2\u05d3 \u05d0\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d2\u05dc\u05dc \u05d2\u05d6\u05e2, \u05d3\u05ea \u05d5\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05d5\u05e7\u05d4, \u05dc\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d7\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05da. \u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05e7 \u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e4\u05db\u05d4 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d1\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05e7\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea, \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d7\u05e1\u05dc \u05d1\u05d4\u05d3\u05e8\u05d2\u05d4 \u05d7\u05e1\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05d6\u05e2\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d3\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \r\n \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d0\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d6\u05e2\u05d9\u05ea \u05d2\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e0\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05de\u05d7\u05e7\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d5\u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea. \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e4\u05ea\u05d7 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d3\u05dc\u05ea\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d3\u05d7\u05d9\u05dd \u05db&quot;\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd &quot;\u05e2\u05dc \u05d1\u05e1\u05d9\u05e1 \r\n \u05d2\u05d6\u05e2 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea. \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1971, \u05dc\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4, \u05e8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9. \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05e7\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05de\u05d0\u05d6.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d6\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05e9\u05db\u05dc \u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e6\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05db\u05e0\u05e1 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e8\u05e9\u05d0\u05d9 \u05dc\u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea. \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e9\u05dc \u05d2\u05d6\u05e2 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9 \u05e0\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d5, \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05e9\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d7\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2\u05ea \u05de\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d5\u05de\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05de\u05d3 \u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05d9 \u05dc\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \r\n\u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e6\u05d9\u05d2\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2\u05ea \u05e1\u05d8\u05e0\u05d3\u05e8\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05e1\u05e1\u05d9 \u05e2\u05e8\u05da \u05dc\u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d1\u05e7\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d9 \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05ea \u05d6\u05d5, \u05db\u05dc \u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05de\u05d3 \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc, \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05dc\u05d4, \u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05dc\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea, \u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05e9 \u05dc\u05db\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05de\u05d3 \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d0\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d1\u05e7\u05e9 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05e6\u05d1 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05dc\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea, \r\n \u05d4\u05dd \u05e7\u05d9\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5 \u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d7\u05d3 \u05e2\u05dd \u05d1\u05df\/\u05d1\u05ea \u05d4\u05d6\u05d5\u05d2 \u05d5\u05d9\u05dc\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05ea\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd. \u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e6\u05d1\u05e8 \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05d3\u05d7\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d4. \u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4, \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e0\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05ea\u05ea \u05e2\u05d3\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \r\n \u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7\u05d4 \u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05e7\u05de\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4, \u05e8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d4\u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd - \u05d4\u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd &quot;\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d7\u05d9\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd&quot; - \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05d6\u05db\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">\u05d6\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05e6\u05d1\u05e2\u05d4<\/a>. \u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \r\n \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05de\u05d5\u05d2\u05d3\u05e8 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 (\u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05e9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05d7\u05de\u05e9), \u05db\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8 \u05e0\u05d7\u05ea \u05e8\u05e9\u05d0\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea. \u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3, \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d7\u05d9\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd, \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd \u05dc\u05ea\u05ea \u05d7\u05e1\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \r\n \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d7\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05ea \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d7\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd. \u05e2\u05dc \u05e0\u05d5\u05ea\u05df \u05d4\u05d7\u05e1\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05e1\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05d1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d7 \u05e9\u05db\u05dc \u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d0 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05da \u05dc\u05e0\u05d8\u05dc \u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea. \u05d1\u05de\u05e9\u05da \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea, \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \r\n \u05e9\u05db\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05de\u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u05d0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5\u05d3 \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 1945<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05de\u05d0\u05d6 \u05ea\u05d5\u05dd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d4\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4<\/a> \u05d4\u05e4\u05db\u05d5 \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05de\u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05de\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05d1\u05de\u05d7\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \r\n \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4, \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d9\u05d1\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e2\u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e2\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd. \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e4\u05db\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d7\u05e1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e4\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4 \u05de\u05e6\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05dd \u05de\u05d7\u05d5\u05e5 \u05dc\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05ea \u05d0\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea\u05dd, \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d9\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d7\u05d6\u05d5\u05e8. \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05e2\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \r\n \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d5\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05e7\u05d4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d7\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d7\u05d6\u05d5\u05e8. \u05e2\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d9\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d7\u05d6\u05d9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05e0\u05e4\u05dc\u05d5 \u05ea\u05d7\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea. \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4, \u05e9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05dc\u05da \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05e9\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd \u05dc\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05e7\u05ea\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05ea\u05d7\u05ea \u05d3\u05d9\u05e7\u05d8\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea. \u05d1\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05d5\u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d5\u05e0\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05dc\u05d7\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc 1956 \u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05de\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e6&#39;\u05db\u05d5\u05e1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d1\u05e7\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d5 \r\n \u05e2\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1968, \u05e0\u05de\u05dc\u05d8\u05d5 \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d4. \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05d5\u05dc \u05e0\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d0\u05ea \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05de\u05db\u05df \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e6\u05d1\u05d4 \u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3\u05ea \u05dc\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d4\u05ea\u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5 \r\n \u05d2\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4, \u05e6&#39;\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d1\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd. (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d2\u05dd<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/latin-americans\/\">\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d8\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd<\/a>.) \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d0\u05d7\u05d3 \u05de\u05d4\u05de\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dc\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d2 \u05dc\u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05dc\u05dc\u05d0 \r\n \u05d1\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e2 \u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05db\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1978 \u05d7\u05d5\u05e7\u05e7\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 <em>\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4<\/em> \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05d7\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05de\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05d9. \u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e8, \u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05e4\u05d7\u05d3 \u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05e1\u05e1 \u05de\u05e8\u05d3\u05d9\u05e4\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc\u05d4\u05dd. \r\n\u05d1\u05d4\u05ea\u05d0\u05dd \u05dc\u05db\u05da, \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05d1\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05ea\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05db\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d2 \u05dc\u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4. \u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05ea \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05db\u05e2\u05ea \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05de\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05e7\u05ea \u05d5\u05e7\u05e9\u05d4 \r\n \u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05dc. (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0<\/a> \u05d3\u05d9\u05ea.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05d8\u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1\u05e7\" alt=\"\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05d8\u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1\u05e7\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05ea\u05d7\u05ea \u05d7\u05e7\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d6\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc\u05ea \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd, \u05db\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05dd \u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d0\u05e1\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">\u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05d8\u05e0\u05d0\u05dd<\/a>, \u05d4\u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \r\n \u05dc\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea &quot;\u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea&quot;. \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05d1\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5 \u05de\u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e0\u05de\u05dc\u05d8\u05d5 \u05de\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05d8\u05e0\u05d0\u05dd \u05d1\u05e1\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d6\u05e2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e4\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05de\u05e6\u05d0\u05d5 \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05dd \u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05de\u05d7\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05ea\u05d0\u05d9\u05dc\u05e0\u05d3 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d4\u05d5\u05e0\u05d2 \u05e7\u05d5\u05e0\u05d2 \u05de\u05de\u05ea\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d1\u05ea\u05d9 \u05e7\u05d1\u05e2. (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-boat-people-refugee-crisis\">\u05ea\u05d2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 \r\n \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05e9\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc &quot;\u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4&quot;<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05de\u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d1\u05e7\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05dd \u05e0\u05d1\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e4\u05e7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4, \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05e2\u05de\u05d3 \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8. &quot;\u05de\u05d1\u05e7\u05e9\u05d9 \u05de\u05e7\u05dc\u05d8&quot; \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e4\u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d3\u05d5 \u05de\u05d8\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d7\u05ea\u05d5\u05ea \r\n \u05dc\u05ea\u05d3\u05dc\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d1\u05d2\u05d0\u05e0\u05d3\u05e8, \u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05e4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d3\u05dc\u05e0\u05d3. \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d4\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05e7\u05e9\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05de\u05dc\u05d8 \u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05de\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d3\u05d9\u05e4\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4, \u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4, \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05df, \u05ea\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05d1\u05e9\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05df \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d7\u05e4\u05e9 \u05de\u05e7\u05dc\u05d8 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05d1\u05e8\u05d2\u05e2 \u05e9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4, \u05de\u05d1\u05e7\u05e9\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05e7\u05dc\u05d8 \r\n \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05d5\u05db\u05d9\u05d7 \u05dc\u05e4\u05e7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d4\u05dd \u05e0\u05e8\u05d3\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05d5\u05dc\u05d3\u05ea\u05dd. \u05d0\u05dd \u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05df \u05de\u05e2\u05de\u05d3 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8, \u05d4\u05dd \u05e8\u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05e9\u05d0\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4; \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05ea, \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4 -20<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05d3\u05dc \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e0\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e7\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05e2\u05de\u05d3 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8<\/a>, \u05d5\u05ea\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05da \u05d4\u05e7\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea. \u05d2\u05dd \u05ea\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2 \r\n \u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05de\u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05e9\u05e9\u05d5 \u05e9\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05dd \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d2\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05de\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05e4\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05e8\u05da \u05dc\u05e2\u05e7\u05d5\u05e3 \u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e7\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05e1\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05d1\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d3\u05e8\u05de\u05d8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd, \u05db\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05e9\u05ea\u05d9 \u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05e4\u05e1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d1\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05e7\u05d9 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d4\u05df \u05e9\u05dc \u05e1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5 \u05e1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9\u05d6\u05dd) \u05d5\u05ea\u05d5<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sikhism\/\">\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d8\u05de\u05d9<\/a> \u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05e3 \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05d9 \r\n \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05e2\u05dc \u05e8\u05e7\u05e2 \u05d7\u05e9\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d5\u05d2\u05d6\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05d3\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea &quot;\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e4\u05ea&quot; \u05d1\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d4\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d8 \u05d5\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d3\u05e7 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e9\u05d7\u05d4 \u05de\u05ea\u05de\u05e9 \r\n \u05db\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05ea\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05da \u05e7\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05e3 \u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05e7 \u05e2\u05dd \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05d7\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e7\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9 \u05ea\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2\u05ea \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \r\n \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05de\u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05d5\u05e9\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05db\u05da \u05e9\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05de\u05d4\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dc\u05d2\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05e9\u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05e2\u05ea \u05de\u05e7\u05dc\u05d8 \u05e9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d6\u05db\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc\u05ea \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05e9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd, \u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d9\u05e7\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05e2 \u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05ea\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05ea\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05d3, \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d4 \u05d3\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9 \u05db\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e9\u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d4\u05d7\u05dc \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e9 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\/\">\u05de\u05e8<\/a> \u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05df \u05de\u05d5\u05dc\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9, \u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd<\/a> \u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05d5 \u05db\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05e9\u05e7\u05e2\u05d4 \r\n \u05d5\u05dc\u05d4\u05e7\u05de\u05ea \u05e2\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d6\u05de\u05e0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea. \u05d4\u05e8\u05e2\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d5\u05d6\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d9\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05d5\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d4 \u05de\u05db\u05da, \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d6\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d3\u05e8\u05de\u05d8\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2 \u05dc -6% \u05de\u05db\u05dc\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e0\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05d8\u05dc \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05e2\u05de\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d6\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05de\u05d4\u05d5\u05e0\u05d2 \u05e7\u05d5\u05e0\u05d2, \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05d9\u05e4\u05e9\u05d5 \u05e0\u05de\u05dc \u05d1\u05d8\u05d5\u05d7 \u05dc\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05dd, \u05dc\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d7\u05d5 \r\n \u05ea\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d5\u05dc\u05e0\u05db\u05e1\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05dc\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05dc\u05d8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d5\u05e0\u05d2 \u05e7\u05d5\u05e0\u05d2 \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1997. \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d8\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05d2\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d6\u05de\u05e0\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d4\u05d6\u05d3\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05e9\u05e7\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d4 \u05de\u05db\u05da \u05d4\u05e4\u05db\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9 \r\n \u05e2\u05d3 \u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d5\u05e0\u05d2 \u05e7\u05d5\u05e0\u05d2 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05ea \u05d5\u05dc\u05d4\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05d8\u05d9\u05e1\u05d4. \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd 1981-1983 \u05d4\u05e9\u05e7\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd 1.1 \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d0\u05e8\u05d3 \u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05e8 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea. \u05d4\u05d5\u05e0\u05d2 \u05e7\u05d5\u05e0\u05d2 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05ea \u05d1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d8\u05ea \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d6\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \r\n \u05e2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d5\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d8\u05d5, \u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e7\u05d4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05d4\u05d5\u05d5\u05d4 \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05e6\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8. \u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05e8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05e2\u05de\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d6\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05dc\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05d3\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea, \u05d5\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d2\u05e8\u05dd \u05dc\u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05ea \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1 \u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05e4\u05d4 \r\n \u05e7\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 (\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8 \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05dd \u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4, \u05d8\u05e0\u05d6\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d0\u05ea\u05d9\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05d4, \u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d2\u05d0\u05e0\u05d4, \u05d0\u05d5\u05d2\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4) \u05d2\u05d3\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05ea\u05e9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05de\u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d8\u05e8\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dc\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9 \u05de\u05e7\u05e6\u05d5\u05e2 \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9 \u05db\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05e4\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05ea\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \r\n\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d4\u05de\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e0\u05de\u05dc\u05d8\u05d5 \u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4, \u05e8\u05e2\u05d1 \u05d5\u05d7\u05d5\u05e1\u05e8 \u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05dd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05d4\u05d0\u05d8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05e9\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05e2\u05d4 \u05de\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05e6\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9. \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d8\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9, \u05d1\u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e9\u05e4\u05e2\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05de\u05e9\u05db\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea. \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d8\u05d5\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4, \u05e2\u05dd \u05e9\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e0 \r\n \u05de\u05d5\u05da \u05d9\u05d7\u05e1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05d3\u05e7\u05e0\u05ea, \u05d6\u05e7\u05d5\u05e7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4, \u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4, \u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d4\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05db\u05d5\u05d7 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d1\u05d9\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05d9\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05d8\u05d9\u05dc \u05e1\u05e4\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05db\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9 \u05de\u05d4\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05e0\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4, \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05de\u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d9 \u05e0\u05d5\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05ea\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea. \u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05d3\u05d5\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05dc\u05d5 \u05db\u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d0\u05ea\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d2\u05d6 \r\n \u05e2\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05e0\u05d5\u05d8\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d5\u05d2\u05d6\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05dc\u05e4\u05d2\u05d5\u05e2 \u05d1\u05e7\u05d4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d4\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05e6\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05d5\u05d3\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e0\u05e7\u05d9 \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05d2 \u05d4\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d4\u05d2\u05e2\u05ea\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d1 \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05d5\u05e8\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea \u05d5\u05d1\u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05d0\u05d6 11 \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05d8\u05de\u05d1\u05e8 2001<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9 11 \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05d8\u05de\u05d1\u05e8 2001, \u05d0\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05d8\u05e8\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05d7\u05d5\u05df, \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d3\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d4. (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d2\u05dd<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11 \u05d5\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4<\/a>.) \r\n\u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 2002 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d7\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4 <em>\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d2\u05e0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd<\/em> (IRPA). \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05d4\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e3 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d7\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4 <em>\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea<\/em> 1976. \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4, \u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05dc \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd. \u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, <em>\u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d0\u05db\u05df<\/em> \u05d4\u05e7\u05dc \u05e2\u05dc \u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05e2 \r\n \u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05d7\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8 \u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e3 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d7\u05d3 \u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05db\u05e0\u05e1 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05e2\u05de\u05d3\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05d2\u05e2 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05e9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05d7\u05e1\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05d1\u05e7\u05e9\u05d9 \u05de\u05e7\u05dc\u05d8 \u05d8\u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd 2009-2010. \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e9\u05e0\u05ea\u05e4\u05e1\u05d5 \u05db\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd &quot;\u05de\u05d6\u05d5\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd&quot;, \u05e0\u05db\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05dd \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d2\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd. \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d3\u05d5\u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05d1\u05e7\u05e9\u05d9 \u05de\u05e7\u05dc\u05d8 \u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05e6\u05e2\u05d5 \u05de\u05e2 \r\n \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d3\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc \u05d0\u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea-\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d1\u05e7\u05e9 \u05d4\u05d2\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dd \u05d4\u05e1\u05db\u05dd \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d8\u05d5\u05d7\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d0\u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea<\/a>.) \r\n\u05d6\u05d0\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d6\u05d5 \u05d6\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05de\u05d5\u05db\u05e8\u05ea \u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05d1\u05e7\u05e9 \u05de\u05e7\u05dc\u05d8 \u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05ea.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05e2\u05de\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e2\u05de\u05d3\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05d2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05de\u05d5\u05d7\u05dc\u05d8 \u05dc\u05ea <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">\u05d2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05e9\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9<\/a>. \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd 2015-2017 \u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \r\n 54,000 \u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc \u05de\u05d0\u05e8\u05d4&quot;\u05d1, \u05d4\u05ea\u05e8\u05d5\u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e9\u05d5\u05d5\u05d0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4, \u05dc\u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05df, \u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05e7\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e9\u05d5\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05e8\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05ea \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05d8\u05dc \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d4. \u05de\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 2001 \u05e2\u05d3 2014 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05de\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e2 \u05db -249,500 \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d7\u05d9\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 2015 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05de -271,800 \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d3\u05dc \u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05de -296, \r\n 300 \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d1\u05d9\u05df 2016 \u05dc -2021, \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d9\u05d1\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e6\u05ea \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05de -1.3 \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd. \u05e0\u05ea\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u05de\u05e4<\/a> \u05e7\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 2021 \u05de\u05e8\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05d9 \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5, \u05d4\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \r\n \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4. \u05db -18.6% \u05de\u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d3\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5, 11.4% \u05d1\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5 -8.9 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e1\u05d9\u05df. (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5 \u05e7\u05e0<\/em> \u05d3\u05d9\u05dd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">\u05d1\u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05dd \u05d0\u05e1\u05d9\u05d4; \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd<\/a> \u05e4\u05d9 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">\u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd; \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">\u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd.)<\/a> \u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05df \u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \r\n (4.8%), \u05e0\u05d9\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 (3%), \u05d0\u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea (3%), \u05e4\u05e7\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05df (2.7 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05dd), \u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea (2%), \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d0\u05df (1.9 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05dd) \u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4 (1.7 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05dd).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>\u05e7\u05d7 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05df!<\/strong> \r\n<br>\u05d1\u05d3\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05e9\u05dc\u05da \u05d1\u05e8\u05d1-\u05ea\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05e2 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">\u05d7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05df \u05d6\u05d4<\/a>, \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e2 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d0\u05ea\u05d2\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea! \u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4, \r\n \u05d0\u05ea\u05d2\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d6\u05de\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e0\u05ea \u05d0\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d3 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">\u05d5\u05de\u05d4<\/a>, \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d2\u05dd \u05d7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d4\u05de\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05e2 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d8\u05e8\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd (88.7%) \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d0\u05e8\u05d1\u05e2\u05d4 \u05de\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05d5\u05ea: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">\u05d0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5<\/a> (44%), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1\u05e7<\/a> (15. \r\n 3%), <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05d1\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9<\/a> \u05d8\u05d9\u05ea (14.9%) \u05d5\u05d0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">\u05dc\u05d1\u05e8\u05d8\u05d4<\/a> (14.5%). \u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05dd \u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \r\n \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05dc\u05d5 \u05db\u05de\u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d8\u05d5<\/a> (29.5%), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc<\/a> (12.2 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05dd) \u05d5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">\u05d5\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8<\/a> (11.7 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05dd). \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dc\u05dc\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d1\u05d3\u05df \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05de\u05de\u05d7\u05e6\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05db\u05dc\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05dd, \u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d9\u05e8\u05d3 \u05db\u05db\u05dc \u05e9\u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d9 \u05de\u05e4\u05e7\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05df \u05e9\u05dc 2021, \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d3\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8 \u05de\u05d7\u05d5\u05e5 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5 23 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9\u05dd (8.3 \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05d9\u05e9) \u05de\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea - \u05e9\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d0 \u05de\u05d0\u05d6 1921. \u05d1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d9\u05e9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05de\u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4- G7. (<em>\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d5- G7<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05e8\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05e0\u05d1\u05e0\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05ea\u05e8\u05d5\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d4\u05d7\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e6\u05e8\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d3\u05e8\u05da \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4, \u05de\u05e8\u05db\u05d6 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d4, \u05d4\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4, \u05dc\u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d0\u05e1\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05de \r\n \u05d6\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05df. \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">\u05d2\u05d6\u05e2\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea<\/a> \u05d5\u05d0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\u05e4\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4<\/a> \u05e0\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8\u05d5, \u05d4\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \r\n \u05e0\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e4\u05ea\u05d5\u05d7\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d3\u05e8\u05da \u05db\u05dc\u05dc \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4. \u05d9\u05ea\u05e8 \u05e2\u05dc \u05db\u05df, \u05ea\u05e8\u05d5\u05de\u05ea\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d1\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d0\u05d3\u05de\u05ea \u05e7\u05e0\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05e0\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05e7\u05ea.<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"he","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-29T15:23:54.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-29T15:23:54.000000Z"},{"id":"9dbd7034-5f89-4644-8b13-103bc8516de0","article_id":"76085","title":"Immigration to Canada [Immigrazione in Canada]","summary":"<p>Il trasferimento di individui di un paese in un altro ai fini del reinsediamento \u00e8 fondamentale nella storia canadese. La storia dell&#39;immigrazione canadese non \u00e8 una storia di crescita ordinata della popolazione; ha invece riguardato, e rimane tale, \r\n lo sviluppo economico nonch\u00e9 gli atteggiamenti e i valori canadesi. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">Spesso \u00e8 stata spudoratamente egoista dal punto di vista economico e discriminatoria dal punto di vista etnico o razziale, nonostante abbia contribuito a creare una societ\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">multiculturale<\/a> (vedi Immigration Policy in Canada; Refugees to Canada).<\/a><\/a><\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">L&#39;immigrazione ha anche contribuito all&#39;espropriazione delle popolazioni indigene delle loro terre ancestrali. \r\n<\/a><\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"Immigrati galiziani\" alt=\"Immigrati galiziani\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"Bambini orfani diretti in Canada\" alt=\"Bambini orfani diretti in Canada\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"Doukhobors russi\" alt=\"Doukhobors russi\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"Immigrati\" alt=\"Immigrati\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"Last Best West\" alt=\"Last Best West\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigrazione nella Nuova Francia (XVI-XVIII secolo)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Per tutto il XVII e gran parte del XVIII secolo, le amministrazioni coloniali europee, incaricate di sovrintendere a quello che sarebbe diventato il Canada, non considerarono l&#39;insediamento una priorit\u00e0. Inizialmente i governi francese o britannico sembravano impreparati a spendere ingenti quantit\u00e0 \r\n di denaro o di energia necessarie per incoraggiare gli insediamenti. N\u00e9 la migrazione verso il Canada era popolare in Francia o Gran Bretagna. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/fur-trade\/\">Gli avventurieri, gli esploratori e in particolare i commercianti che agivano per interessi britannici o francesi temevano l&#39;interferenza dei coloni nel redditizio \r\n commercio (vedi Fur Trade).<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tuttavia, la politica alla fine cambi\u00f2 e le autorit\u00e0 coloniali incoraggiarono con cautela e lentamente l&#39;insediamento in Canada. La loro speranza era che i coloni garantissero la sovranit\u00e0 delle rivendicazioni fondiarie coloniali e sfruttassero le risorse naturali, spesso per conto di investitori europei. \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">Si sperava inoltre che i coloni convertissero le popolazioni indigene al cristianesimo.<\/a> Gli insediamenti crebbero gradualmente ma non senza difficolt\u00e0. \r\nLa popolazione della <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/new-france\/\">Nuova Francia<\/a> all&#39;epoca della <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">conquista<\/a> britannica (1759-1760) era di circa 65.000 abitanti. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\">Nuova \r\n Scozia<\/a>, una comunit\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/scots\">scozzese<\/a> trapiantata fu integrata da coloni tedeschi e svizzeri.<\/a><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">Alla fine del 1700, i coloni irlandesi rafforzarono la popolazione di Terranova.<\/a><\/a> \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sebbene la vittoria britannica abbia limitato la migrazione dalla Francia (<em>vedi anche<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-immigration-in-canada\">Immigrazione francese in Canada<\/a>), non ha portato immediatamente un gran numero \r\n di immigrati di lingua inglese. Ad eccezione di una manciata di amministratori, militari e mercanti britannici che colmarono il vuoto lasciato dai loro omologhi francesi in partenza, pochi coloni anglofoni sembravano interessati al Canada. In effetti, \r\n \u00e8 dubbio che i coloni sarebbero stati accolti con favore dai nuovi amministratori britannici. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">Questi ultimi temevano che un afflusso di coloni <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">protestanti anglofoni avrebbe complicato l&#39;amministrazione in un territorio francofono<\/a> cattolico romano recentemente conquistato. \r\n<\/a> La maggior parte dei migranti britannici era molto pi\u00f9 incline a cercare il clima pi\u00f9 temperato e le istituzioni sociali familiari delle colonie americane a sud del Canada. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1nQwJ4NDRaO1PhAPuWnxDoGN2adxIhoqj\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigrazione lealista (XVIII-XIX secolo)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Molti dei nuovi governanti britannici del <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/province-of-quebec-1763-91\">Quebec<\/a> furono presto costretti ad accettare molte migliaia di coloni anglofoni e in gran parte protestanti sfollati dalla rivoluzione americana. \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">Conosciuti come lealisti dell&#39;Impero Unito, erano in gran parte rifugiati politici.<\/a><\/a> Molti di loro sono emigrati verso nord \r\n non per scelta ma perch\u00e9 dovevano farlo. Molti o non desideravano diventare cittadini della nuova repubblica americana o perch\u00e9 temevano ritorsioni per il sostegno pubblico dato agli inglesi. Per questi lealisti, il Canada era una terra di seconda scelta, cos\u00ec come lo \r\n sarebbe stata per innumerevoli futuri immigrati che arrivarono perch\u00e9 rimanere a casa non era auspicabile e l&#39;ingresso altrove, spesso negli Stati Uniti, era limitato.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La migrazione lealista \u00e8 stata sostenuta dalle autorit\u00e0 canadesi che hanno offerto rifornimenti ai nuovi coloni e organizzato la distribuzione della terra. Nonostante le difficolt\u00e0 subite dai coloni, la loro situazione \u00e8 stata resa meno grave dall&#39;intervento di agenti governativi, \r\n una pratica che si \u00e8 ripetuta molte volte in Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Molti <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">lealisti neri lasciarono anche gli<\/a> Stati Uniti per il Nord America britannico. Nonostante si siano schierati con gli inglesi durante la guerra d&#39;indipendenza americana, i lealisti \r\n neri hanno dovuto affrontare l&#39;ostilit\u00e0 razzista e una notevole disuguaglianza. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/shelburne\">Nonostante ci\u00f2, perseverarono e costruirono comunit\u00e0 forti, in particolare in citt\u00e0 come Shelburne e Birchtown in Nuova Scozia.<\/a> \r\n (<em>Vedi anche L&#39;arrivo dei lealisti<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-feature\">neri in Nuova Scozia<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigrazione irlandese (XIX secolo)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Per tutta la met\u00e0 del XIX secolo, le colonie, in particolare il Canada occidentale, tornarono a un modello di crescita economica dolorosamente lenta e irregolare. Incoraggiarono ufficialmente l&#39;immigrazione dalla Gran Bretagna e persino dagli Stati Uniti gradualmente riempirono le migliori terre \r\n agricole della colonia e rafforzarono nuove citt\u00e0 commerciali o amministrative. I nuovi immigrati erano generalmente simili a quelli della comunit\u00e0 consolidata. Tuttavia, la grande carestia irlandese delle patate e, in misura minore, una serie di ribellioni europee fallite \r\n nel 1848 mandarono nuove coorti di immigrati nel Nord America.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/a1d07311-76d4-4add-a712-6cf7e3974330.jpg\" title=\"Immigrati irlandesi\" alt=\"Immigrati irlandesi\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31e9a52d-4036-4435-9432-137b0f21fbda.jpg\" title=\"Immigrazione irlandese\" alt=\"Immigrazione irlandese\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Di queste decine di migliaia di migranti, molti erano <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">irlandesi<\/a> il cui arrivo in Canada ha avviato importanti cambiamenti sociali ed economici. Per molti aspetti, gli irlandesi sono stati la prima grande coorte canadese \r\n di immigrati all&#39;estero dopo gli inglesi e i francesi. Sebbene gli irlandesi parlassero generalmente inglese, non rispecchiavano i valori sociali, culturali o religiosi degli anglo-canadesi. Formavano una minoranza cattolica romana in un Canada occidentale prevalentemente protestante. \r\nI cattolici irlandesi, tuttavia, erano un po&#39; pi\u00f9 a loro agio con i franco-canadesi che condividevano la loro fede ma non la loro lingua. La lealt\u00e0 di molti di questi migranti irlandesi alla Corona britannica appariva sospetta anche in un Canada dove si richiedeva una fervida lealt\u00e0 come assicurazione contro la minaccia del repubblicanesimo americano. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/history-of-agriculture\/\">Dopo essere fuggiti da una vita agricola in cui l&#39;agricoltura era sinonimo di povert\u00e0 e dipendenza, alcuni irlandesi colpiti dalla carestia avevano poco o nessun entusiasmo per la vita agricola (vedi Storia dell&#39;agricoltura).<\/a><\/em> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/timber-trade-history\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/railway-history\/\">Invece, gli irlandesi lavoravano stagionalmente nel sistema di <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canals-and-inland-waterways\/\">canali<\/a> recentemente ampliato, nell&#39;industria del legname e nella fiorente rete ferroviaria. \r\n \r\n<\/a><\/a> A causa del loro status socioeconomico meno fortunato e delle loro distinte identit\u00e0 etniche e religiose, sorsero quartieri irlandesi separati nelle citt\u00e0 canadesi e nelle citt\u00e0 pi\u00f9 grandi. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migrazione occidentale (XIX-inizio XX secolo)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\/\">Con un tasso di mortalit\u00e0 relativamente basso, un alto tasso di natalit\u00e0 e una piccola ma continua migrazione dalle isole britanniche, l&#39;epoca immediatamente successiva alla <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/confederation\/\">Confederazione ha avuto i suoi problemi di sovrappopolazione (vedi Popolazione<\/a>). \r\n \r\n<\/a><\/em> Questo problema \u00e8 stato ulteriormente aggravato dalla crescente rarit\u00e0 dei terreni coltivabili.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nel frattempo, gli Stati Uniti, con la loro offerta apparentemente illimitata di terra libera e fertile, hanno attirato migliaia di nuovi immigrati e anglo-canadesi. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franco-americans\/\">L&#39;industria americana attir\u00f2 molti franco-canadesi che lavoravano nelle fabbriche del New England (vedi franco-americani). \r\n<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-nations\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/metis\">Verso la fine del XIX secolo, le future <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prairie\/\">province della prateria<\/a> canadese furono aperte agli insediamenti, ma solo dopo aver espulso, a volte violentemente, le popolazioni delle Prime Nazioni e dei M\u00e9tis dalle loro terre.<\/a><\/a> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">(Vedi anche North-West Rebellion.)<\/a><\/em> Tuttavia, la \r\n migrazione su larga scala \u00e8 aumentata solo quando \u00e8 aumentata anche la necessit\u00e0 di prodotti agricoli come il grano.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La domanda di prodotti agricoli, in particolare di grano duro, coincise con l&#39;elezione del governo di <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">Wilfrid Laurier<\/a>, che incoraggi\u00f2 l&#39;insediamento occidentale con un&#39;immigrazione su larga scala. \r\nIl nuovo ministro degli interni canadese, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">Clifford Sifton<\/a>, ha organizzato un programma di immigrazione rinnovato e di vasta portata. Era persino disposto, se non a malincuore, ad ammettere \r\n coloni agricoli provenienti da luoghi diversi dalle isole britanniche, dal Nord Europa e dagli Stati Uniti. <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">La disponibilit\u00e0 di Sifton ad aprire l&#39;immigrazione al di fuori delle fonti tradizionali, tuttavia, non rifletteva la politica canadese in materia di immigrazione.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Per i canadesi anglofoni, la definizione tradizionale di immigrati ideali potrebbe essere stata modificata ma non \u00e8 stata modificata radicalmente. Il governo canadese preferiva i migranti bianchi di lingua inglese provenienti dall&#39;interno dell&#39;Impero britannico e dagli Stati Uniti. \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">Allo stesso tempo, ai migranti non bianchi \u00e8 stato negato l&#39;ingresso per motivi razzisti.<\/a> Gli immigrati ideali erano agricoltori indipendenti britannici o americani che si sarebbero stabiliti in Occidente.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Spinte dagli interessi commerciali e ferroviari per aumentare l&#39;immigrazione, le autorit\u00e0 preposte all&#39;immigrazione hanno bilanciato le loro ansie etniche con una frenetica ricerca di coloni. Hanno elencato i coloni ideali con una preferenza decrescente. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">Gli agricoltori britannici e americani \r\n furono seguiti da francesi, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">belgi<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">olandesi, scandinavi, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">svizzeri<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">finlandesi<\/a><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">russi, austro-ungarici (vedi austriaci<\/a>; ungheresi), tedeschi, ucraini e polacchi. \r\n \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/em> \r\nIn fondo alla lista c&#39;erano coloro che erano, sia nell&#39;opinione pubblica che nel governo, meno assimilabili e meno desiderabili, ad esempio <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">italiani<\/a>, slavi del sud, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">greci<\/a> e siriani (<em>vedi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">arabi canadesi<\/a>). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">In fondo c&#39;erano <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">ebrei, \r\n asiatici, rom<\/a> e neri. \r\n<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ottawa, tuttavia, non aveva l&#39;unica voce in capitolo in materia di immigrazione. Il <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>British North America Act<\/em><\/a> ha inoltre dato voce alle province in materia di immigrazione, \r\n se avessero scelto di farlo. Il Quebec era particolarmente interessato a farlo e ha istituito il proprio dipartimento per l&#39;immigrazione. Ci\u00f2 \u00e8 avvenuto in parte in risposta all&#39;espansione del Canada anglofono e nel tentativo di arginare, se non invertire, la migrazione dei giovani delle zone rurali del \r\n Quebec verso il New England. In collaborazione con le autorit\u00e0 federali, agenti dell&#39;immigrazione sono stati inviati nel New England per incoraggiare i franco-canadesi a tornare a casa per colonizzare nuovi ma marginali terreni agricoli. Il programma ha avuto solo un successo limitato, \r\n ma \u00e8 proseguito il coinvolgimento del Quebec nella gestione delle proprie priorit\u00e0 in materia di immigrazione.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migranti e centri urbani<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Nonostante le precauzioni del governo, non tutti gli immigrati si sono impegnati nello sfruttamento delle risorse o nell&#39;agricoltura. Come gli irlandesi prima di loro, molti immigrati non anglofoni e in gran parte non protestanti hanno rifiutato una vita di isolamento rurale, scegliendo di lavorare in citt\u00e0. \r\n Inoltre, molti di questi migranti si consideravano residenti in Canada o Nord America solo temporaneamente. Alcuni cercavano di guadagnare abbastanza denaro per comprare un terreno in casa, mettere insieme una dote per una sorella o saldare un debito familiare. \r\nTuttavia, i molti che hanno adottato le definizioni nordamericane di successo o che non sono stati in grado di tornare a casa a causa degli sconvolgimenti politici si sono stabiliti in Canada. Se possibile, hanno portato le loro mogli e i loro figli a unirsi a loro.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"Lavoratori del Centro di Immigrazione, Quebec, 1911 circa \" alt=\"Lavoratori del Centro di Immigrazione, Quebec, 1911 circa \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Migranti di origini sempre pi\u00f9 diverse iniziarono a migrare in Canada, tra cui <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">macedoni, russi<\/a>, finlandesi e cinesi.<\/a> Molti di questi nuovi migranti erano stati ammessi in Canada per soddisfare la necessit\u00e0 di manodopera a basso costo o di un pool di artigiani qualificati per lavori di fabbrica o di costruzione. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-pacific-railway\">Alcuni lavoravano nell&#39;industria mineraria o nella lavorazione del legname, altri, come i cinesi, lavoravano per completare la Canadian Pacific Railway. \r\n<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hamilton\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">Molti si stabilirono nelle principali citt\u00e0 come <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">Montreal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">Winnipeg, \r\n Toronto, \r\n Hamilton<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">e Vancouver<\/a>.<\/a><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">Tuttavia, questi immigrati si sono trovati di fronte a ansie \r\n e pregiudizi etnici e religiosi che prima erano riservati solo agli irlandesi.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>L&#39;arrivo di migranti provenienti da contesti culturali drasticamente diversi ha generato una certa ostilit\u00e0 razzista da parte di molti canadesi. Alcuni canadesi hanno risposto con una tolleranza dignitosa. Hanno riconosciuto che questi stranieri erano qui per rimanere, che il loro lavoro \r\n e le loro competenze erano necessarie e che le loro condizioni di vita erano soggette a miglioramenti. Gli immigrati svolgevano un ruolo economico fondamentale nei centri urbani: posavano i binari dei <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">tram<\/a>, \r\n lavoravano nelle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">fabbriche tessili<\/a> in espansione e scavavano i sistemi fognari. Tuttavia, molti canadesi hanno comunque richiesto un controllo pi\u00f9 rigoroso sull&#39;immigrazione secondo criteri etnici o razziali. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigrazione e razzismo<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>La politica e l&#39;amministrazione canadesi in materia di immigrazione si erano piegate alle necessit\u00e0 economiche permettendo ad alcuni migranti di entrare in Canada. Tuttavia, lo ha fatto solo con riluttanza. Ben presto, sono stati messi in atto controlli restrittivi sull&#39;immigrazione per fermare l&#39;immigrazione secondo linee etniche \r\n e razziali.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"Certificato di immigrazione cinese\" alt=\"Certificato di immigrazione cinese\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>La migrazione cinese \u00e8 stata particolarmente mirata. Misure come la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">tassa di soggiorno cinese<\/a>, le tasse di sbarco, gli accordi bilaterali di restrizione e altre restrizioni di viaggio hanno \r\n praticamente vietato l&#39;immigrazione cinese in Canada. (<em>Vedi anche la<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">legge cinese sull&#39;immigrazione<\/a>). Le autorit\u00e0 canadesi si sono inoltre rifiutate di consentire l&#39;insediamento di donne immigrate \r\n cinesi. Il governo temeva che ci\u00f2 avrebbe incoraggiato gli uomini cinesi, che si trovavano temporaneamente in Canada per lavorare nelle ferrovie o nelle miniere, a stabilirsi definitivamente. C&#39;erano diffusi timori razzisti di un presunto \u00abpericolo giallo\u00bb che avrebbe messo in pericolo il tessuto morale della societ\u00e0 canadese. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nel 1914, quasi 400 migranti indiani a bordo della nave <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>Komagata Maru<\/em><\/a> languirono nel porto di Vancouver mentre le autorit\u00e0 canadesi discutevano sul da farsi. \r\nNonostante fossero sudditi dell&#39;Impero britannico, i passeggeri avevano denunciato le restrizioni razziste imposte dal Canada alla migrazione dell&#39;Asia meridionale. La nuova marina canadese, in azione per la prima volta, scort\u00f2 la nave dalle acque canadesi, mentre molti residenti di Vancouver esultavano con \r\n approvazione dalla riva. Molti passeggeri sarebbero poi stati uccisi una volta tornati in India<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Durante la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">prima guerra mondiale<\/a>, in Canada scoppi\u00f2 l&#39;isteria antitedesca. Questa ostilit\u00e0 xenofoba era in gran parte diretta contro coloro che avevano legami con paesi nemici. Sebbene siano stati presi di mira anche \r\n stranieri con legami con paesi alleati del Canada. Nonostante il fabbisogno di personale militare canadese, le autorit\u00e0 britanniche e canadesi hanno ritenuto che, laddove possibile, gli stranieri facessero parte di eserciti stranieri. Gruppi come italiani, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/serbs\/\">serbi<\/a>, polacchi e alcuni ebrei furono incoraggiati a tornare negli eserciti della loro madrepatria o furono reclutati in specifiche unit\u00e0 dell&#39;esercito britannico riservate agli stranieri alleati di varia origine. \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-army\">Senza eserciti nazionali a cui arruolarsi, molti ebrei, macedoni e ucraini si offrirono volontari per l&#39;esercito canadese.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nel 1910-1911, si sparse la voce che un gruppo di neri si stesse preparando a migrare nell&#39;Alberta centrale. Discendenti di persone precedentemente schiavizzate, venivano cacciati dalle loro terre nel territorio dell&#39;Oklahoma, dove avevano ottenuto dei possedimenti e speravano di costruirsi una nuova vita. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La risposta pubblica e politica in Alberta \u00e8 stata immediata e prevedibile. Le autorit\u00e0 federali hanno avviato uno schema ingegnosamente semplice. Nulla nella <em>legge sull&#39;immigrazione vietava<\/em> specificamente i neri americani, ma a qualsiasi immigrato poteva effettivamente essere negato \r\n l&#39;accesso in Canada per motivi di salute ai sensi delle disposizioni mediche della legge. Il governo ha semplicemente incaricato gli ispettori dell&#39;immigrazione e i loro assistenti medici lungo il confine americano di respingere tutti i neri in quanto non idonei all&#39;ammissione per motivi medici. Non \u00e8 stato presentato alcun ricorso. \r\n I neri sono stati avvertiti che non avrebbero dovuto sprecare tempo e denaro considerando l&#39;immigrazione in Canada. (<em>Vedi anche<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deemed-unsuitable-black-pioneers-in-western-canada-feature\">Order-in-Council P.C<\/a>. 1911\u20141324.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>A seguito del devastante collasso economico causato dalla <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/great-depression\/\">Grande Depressione<\/a>, l&#39;approccio del governo all&#39;immigrazione si \u00e8 inasprito. Le autorit\u00e0 per l&#39;immigrazione sono passate a \r\n prevenire attivamente la migrazione in Canada. Nel 1933, Hitler governava la Germania e milioni di oppositori politici ed ebrei sarebbero potuti sopravvivere se il Canada o altri paesi avessero offerto una casa a vittime innocenti. Sebbene molti canadesi abbiano risposto ai \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">rifugiati<\/a> con un misto di simpatia per la loro situazione disperata e imbarazzo per la mancanza di aiuti governativi, altri, tra cui il Gabinetto federale, molti membri del corpo diplomatico \r\n e i responsabili delle politiche sull&#39;immigrazione, hanno reagito con allarme a qualsiasi pressione per accogliere ebrei o rifugiati politici in fuga dalla Germania. Di conseguenza, pochi rifugiati sono stati in grado di aggirare le restrizioni canadesi all&#39;immigrazione. (<em>Vedi anche<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">Ms. St. Louis<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Smantellamento delle barriere razziali ed etniche<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Alla fine della guerra, nel 1945, le normative canadesi sull&#39;immigrazione rimasero invariate rispetto agli anni restrittivi prebellici. Eppure il cambiamento non tard\u00f2 ad arrivare. Spinto dal boom economico del dopoguerra, dalla crescita del mercato del lavoro e dalla conseguente domanda di manodopera, il Canada ha gradualmente \r\n riaperto le porte all&#39;immigrazione europea. Inizialmente, il Canada preferiva tradizionalmente agli immigrati, quelli provenienti dal Regno Unito e dall&#39;Europa occidentale, ma alla fine anche al resto d&#39;Europa. Tuttavia, con l&#39;inizio della Guerra Fredda, l&#39;immigrazione \r\n dall&#39;Europa orientale si \u00e8 fermata. Le frontiere verso ovest furono chiuse dall&#39;Unione Sovietica e dai suoi alleati. Tuttavia, un gran numero di immigrati \u00e8 entrato in Canada dall&#39;Europa meridionale, in particolare dall&#39;Italia, dalla Grecia e dal Portogallo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"Gli immigrati olandesi arrivano in Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Gli immigrati olandesi arrivano in Qu\u00e9bec\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>A differenza dell&#39;immigrazione dei decenni precedenti, l&#39;immigrazione del dopoguerra non \u00e8 stata indirizzata esclusivamente alle industrie estrattive di risorse agricole o rurali. Il Canada \u00e8 emerso dalla seconda guerra mondiale come potenza urbana e industriale e molti immigrati del dopoguerra hanno \r\n presto trovato lavoro nei settori manifatturiero e delle costruzioni. Alcuni hanno contribuito a espandere le infrastrutture cittadine, mentre altri, come gli immigrati pi\u00f9 istruiti, hanno soddisfatto la forte domanda di professionisti formati e qualificati.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>L&#39;immigrazione canadese ha subito altri cambiamenti drammatici negli anni del dopoguerra. I governi canadesi, federali e provinciali, hanno lentamente ceduto alle pressioni per una riforma <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/human-rights\/\">dei diritti umani<\/a> esercitate \r\n da una precedente generazione di immigrati e dai loro figli. Sempre pi\u00f9 appartenenti alla classe media e politicamente attivi, gli immigrati, ora ben integrati, si erano sacrificati per una causa comune con altri canadesi nello sforzo bellico; per questo, nel dopoguerra, \r\n si rifiutarono di assumere lo status di seconda classe in un paese che avevano contribuito a proteggere. Sostenuti da canadesi che la pensano allo stesso modo, hanno denunciato la discriminazione etnica e razziale subita nei loro confronti e hanno chiesto una riforma dei diritti umani. Hanno costretto i governi a legiferare contro la \r\n discriminazione a causa di razza, religione e origine in settori quali l&#39;occupazione, l&#39;alloggio e l&#39;istruzione. E, proprio mentre il Canada rendeva illegale la discriminazione in patria, il governo si \u00e8 mosso per eliminare gradualmente le barriere razziali, religiose o etniche \r\n all&#39;immigrazione canadese.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Alla fine degli anni &#39;60, la discriminazione razziale palese nella politica di immigrazione era scomparsa dalla legislazione e dai regolamenti canadesi sull&#39;immigrazione. Ci\u00f2 ha aperto le porte del Canada a molti di coloro che in precedenza sarebbero stati respinti in quanto \u00abindesiderabili\u00bb sulla base \r\n della razza o dell&#39;etnia. Nel 1971, per la prima volta nella storia canadese, la maggior parte degli immigrati in Canada erano di origine non europea. Da allora \u00e8 stato cos\u00ec ogni anno.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Sistema di punti di immigrazione<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Ci\u00f2 non significa che chiunque desideri entrare in Canada possa farlo. Sebbene le restrizioni dovute alla razza o all&#39;origine nazionale siano state abolite, il Canada mantiene ancora criteri rigorosi per determinare chi \u00e8 e chi non \u00e8 un candidato desiderabile per l&#39;ingresso in Canada. \r\nAlla fine degli anni &#39;60, il Canada introdusse un sistema a punti per stabilire standard basati sul merito per le persone che chiedevano di immigrare in Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In base a questo sistema, a ciascun candidato vengono assegnati punti in base all&#39;et\u00e0, all&#39;istruzione, alla capacit\u00e0 di parlare inglese o francese e alla domanda per le competenze lavorative di quel particolare candidato. Se un candidato era in buona salute e di buon carattere, oltre ad aver ottenuto un numero sufficiente di punti, \r\n gli veniva concesso l&#39;ammissione insieme al coniuge e ai figli a carico. A coloro che non avevano ottenuto abbastanza punti \u00e8 stato negato l&#39;ammissione. Pi\u00f9 recentemente, il Canada ha modificato le proprie procedure per dare la preferenza all&#39;ammissione di immigrati indipendenti, qualificati \r\n e immediatamente occupabili.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">Una volta stabiliti in Canada, la maggior parte dei nuovi arrivati, ora denominati \u00abimmigrati terrestri\u00bb, ricevono tutti i diritti di un cittadino canadese, tranne in particolare il diritto di voto.<\/a> Dopo un determinato \r\n numero di anni di residenza in Canada (attualmente tre anni su cinque), ogni immigrato sbarcato pu\u00f2 richiedere la cittadinanza canadese. Inoltre, gli immigrati sbarcati, come i cittadini canadesi, possono anche chiedere di sponsorizzare l&#39;ammissione in Canada di \r\n familiari stretti che altrimenti non sarebbero in grado di soddisfare i rigorosi criteri di ammissione canadesi. Lo sponsor deve accettare di garantire che chiunque venga portato in Canada non diventi un onere economico per la societ\u00e0 canadese. Per molti anni, le famiglie sponsorizzate di coloro che erano \r\n gi\u00e0 in Canada sono state il gruppo pi\u00f9 numeroso di coloro che sono stati ammessi in Canada. (<em>Vedi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">Ricongiungimento familiare in Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migrazione dei rifugiati dopo il 1945<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Dalla fine della <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">seconda guerra mondiale<\/a>, i rifugiati e gli altri espropriati a causa di guerre e violenze sono diventati una parte significativa del flusso migratorio canadese. Nel dopoguerra, a causa della carenza di \r\n manodopera, il Canada ha accolto decine di migliaia di sfollati. Molti erano rimasti senzatetto a causa della guerra o che, alla fine della guerra, si erano trovati fuori dal loro paese di cittadinanza, dove si erano rifiutati di tornare. Tra gli sfollati c&#39;\r\nerano ebrei sopravvissuti all&#39;Olocausto che non avevano una comunit\u00e0 o una famiglia in cui poter tornare. Altri sfollati hanno rifiutato il rimpatrio nei paesi caduti sotto la dominazione sovietica. Molti si sono trasferiti in Canada, dove si sono costruiti una nuova vita.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Negli anni &#39;60 e &#39;70, il Canada ha anche risposto alla difficile situazione dei rifugiati provenienti da altri paesi che erano sotto dittature. All&#39;indomani della fallita rivolta ungherese del 1956 e della repressione delle riforme politiche in Cecoslovacchia da parte dell&#39;Unione Sovietica nel 1968, i rifugiati fuggirono verso ovest. \r\n Il Canada ha risposto accantonando le sue normali procedure di immigrazione per ammettere la sua quota di rifugiati. Negli anni seguenti, il Canada ha nuovamente concesso un&#39;indennit\u00e0 speciale per i rifugiati provenienti da sconvolgimenti politici in \r\n Uganda, Cile e altrove. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/latin-americans\/\">(<em>Vedi anche latinoamericani<\/em>.)<\/a> In ognuno di questi casi, i rifugiati sono stati ammessi in deroga alle norme sull&#39;immigrazione e senza \r\n seguire tutte le consuete procedure di immigrazione.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nel 1978, il Canada ha promulgato una nuova <em>legge sull&#39;immigrazione<\/em> che, per la prima volta, ha affermato l&#39;impegno del Canada a favore del reinsediamento dei rifugiati vittime dell&#39;oppressione. Vale a dire, individui che hanno un fondato timore di essere perseguitati nel loro paese di cittadinanza. \r\nDi conseguenza, i rifugiati non sarebbero pi\u00f9 ammessi in Canada come eccezione alle normative sull&#39;immigrazione. L&#39;ammissione dei rifugiati faceva ora parte della legge e dei regolamenti canadesi sull&#39;immigrazione. Ma l&#39;ammissione dei rifugiati \u00e8 rimasta controversa e difficile da gestire\r\n. (<em>Vedi anche la politica<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">canadese sui rifugiati<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"Rifugiati vietnamiti in Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Rifugiati vietnamiti in Qu\u00e9bec\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Il primo importante programma di reinsediamento dei rifugiati nell&#39;ambito di questa nuova legislazione risale all&#39;inizio degli anni &#39;80, quando il Canada guid\u00f2 il mondo occidentale nell&#39;accoglienza dei rifugiati del sud-est asiatico e in particolare di quelli provenienti dal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">Vietnam<\/a>, \r\n spesso definiti \u00abboat people\u00bb. Molti dei barconi sono stati selezionati tra coloro che sono fuggiti dal Vietnam su piccole imbarcazioni e alla fine si sono trovati confinati nei campi profughi della Thailandia o di Hong Kong in attesa di una casa permanente. (<em>Vedi anche<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-boat-people-refugee-crisis\">Risposta \r\n canadese alla crisi dei rifugiati \u00abBoat People<\/a>\u00bb).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Alcune persone in cerca di protezione non vengono selezionate dai funzionari dell&#39;immigrazione, ma vengono invece in Canada per richiedere lo status di rifugiato. Questi \u00abrichiedenti asilo\u00bb a volte arrivavano in Canada dopo essere sbarcati dai voli tra l&#39;Europa dell&#39;Est e Cuba che atterravano a Gander, Terranova, \r\n per fare rifornimento. Molti di loro hanno cercato di sfuggire all&#39;orrore della guerra e della persecuzione in America Centrale, Africa, Medio Oriente, subcontinente indiano e Cina per cercare rifugio in Canada. Una volta arrivati in Canada, i richiedenti asilo devono dimostrare \r\n ai funzionari canadesi di essere perseguitati in patria. Se viene concesso lo status di rifugiato, possono rimanere in Canada; in caso contrario, i richiedenti possono essere espulsi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>L&#39;immigrazione alla fine del XX secolo<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Negli anni &#39;80, il numero di coloro che entravano in Canada e richiedevano lo status di <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">rifugiato<\/a> crebbe e il processo di determinazione canadese aveva difficolt\u00e0 a processare rapidamente i richiedenti. N\u00e9 i richiedenti asilo \r\n sono stati universalmente accolti dai canadesi. Alcuni canadesi temevano che molti dei richiedenti asilo non fossero realmente rifugiati legittimi, ma individui in cerca di un modo per aggirare le rigide normative canadesi sull&#39;immigrazione.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sikhism\/\">La questione dei rifugiati \u00e8 stata drammaticamente sollevata dai canadesi alla fine degli anni &#39;80, quando due navi bloccarono illegalmente i rispettivi carichi di richiedenti asilo sikh (vedi sikhismo) e tamil sulla costa orientale del Canada.<\/a><\/em> \r\n Tra i timori molto esagerati che il Canada stesse per essere \u00abinondato\u00bb di rifugiati, il Parlamento e le autorit\u00e0 per l&#39;immigrazione hanno iniziato a inasprire le norme e le procedure per i rifugiati. Il risultato \u00e8 stato un continuo \r\n snellimento o rafforzamento del processo canadese di determinazione dei rifugiati. Le autorit\u00e0 canadesi hanno inoltre lavorato a stretto contatto con altri paesi e societ\u00e0 di trasporto per rendere pi\u00f9 difficile per le persone che potrebbero presentare una richiesta di asilo raggiungere il Canada. \r\n Alcuni canadesi temono che questi cambiamenti significhino che ad alcuni rifugiati legittimi venga ora negato il rifugio a cui hanno diritto in base al diritto internazionale.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Alla fine degli anni &#39;80 e all&#39;inizio degli anni &#39;90, anche se stava cercando di prevenire l&#39;ingresso di aspiranti richiedenti asilo, il Canada ha aperto nuove strade per altri immigrati con competenze occupabili o risorse finanziarie significative. A partire dal governo \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\/\">conservatore<\/a> di <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">Brian Mulroney<\/a>, le persone con il capitale o le competenze necessarie per investire \r\n e avviare attivit\u00e0 in Canada sono state invitate a presentare domanda di immigrazione canadese. L&#39;idea era che queste iniziative avrebbero contribuito a creare occupazione e ricchezza in Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Di conseguenza, il numero di immigrati imprenditoriali o d&#39;affari \u00e8 aumentato drasticamente, raggiungendo il 6% di tutti gli immigrati che entrano in Canada. Un buon numero di immigrati di classe imprenditoriale proveniva da Hong Kong, molti dei quali cercavano un porto sicuro per s\u00e9, le \r\n loro famiglie e i loro beni prima della conquista cinese di Hong Kong nel 1997. Era naturale che molti rispondessero all&#39;invito del Canada e alle opportunit\u00e0 offerte per gli investimenti di capitale in Canada. Di conseguenza, il Canada \u00e8 diventato una \r\n destinazione privilegiata per Hong Kong e altri immigrati cinesi e per i capitali in fuga. Tra il 1981 e il 1983, gli immigrati cinesi hanno investito 1,1 miliardi di dollari nell&#39;economia canadese. L&#39;immigrazione a Hong Kong e in altri paesi cinesi \u00e8 stata particolarmente pronunciata nelle aree \r\n urbane pi\u00f9 grandi come Vancouver e Toronto, dove la comunit\u00e0 cinese costituisce ora il gruppo di immigrati pi\u00f9 numeroso. Tuttavia, la maggior parte di questi immigrati di classe imprenditoriale non \u00e8 arrivata parlando inglese o francese, e questo ha spinto il governo canadese \r\n a introdurre requisiti linguistici pi\u00f9 severi per coloro che arrivano in Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anche l&#39;immigrazione dall&#39;Africa (principalmente da Sudafrica, Tanzania, Etiopia, Kenya, Ghana, Uganda e Nigeria) \u00e8 cresciuta negli anni &#39;80 e &#39;90. Alcuni di questi nuovi arrivati erano professionisti con qualifiche accademiche che cercavano migliori condizioni di lavoro in Canada. \r\nLa stragrande maggioranza, tuttavia, erano rifugiati in fuga da guerre, carestie e instabilit\u00e0 politica ed economica nei loro paesi di origine.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Con il rallentamento economico degli anni &#39;90, l&#39;immigrazione canadese \u00e8 riemersa come argomento di dibattito pubblico. Ci\u00f2 era naturale, dato il continuo impatto dell&#39;immigrazione sulla societ\u00e0 canadese. Mentre molti economisti sostengono che il Canada, con il suo tasso di \r\n natalit\u00e0 relativamente basso e l&#39;invecchiamento della popolazione, abbia bisogno dell&#39;infusione di popolazione, energia, competenze, capitale e potere d&#39;acquisto che gli immigrati apportano in Canada. Tuttavia, alcuni continuano a nutrire dubbi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Poich\u00e9 gli immigrati di origine non europea costituiscono la grande maggioranza di coloro che entrano in Canada, alcuni canadesi hanno espresso disagio per il carattere mutevole del Canada urbano. Tuttavia, molti di questi pregiudizi nei confronti dei canadesi di altre \r\n origini etniche e razziali tendono spesso ad essere esagerati e danneggiano le comunit\u00e0 minoritarie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Il dibattito pubblico sull&#39;immigrazione in Canada \u00e8 rimasto civile ed \u00e8 stato certamente privo del tipo di violenza che l&#39;arrivo di un gran numero di immigrati ha provocato in Francia e Germania.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigrazione canadese dall&#39;11 settembre 2001<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Come diretta conseguenza degli eventi dell&#39;11 settembre 2001, della minaccia terroristica e dei problemi di sicurezza, il Canada ha rafforzato la sua politica di immigrazione. (<em>Vedi anche<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11 e Canada<\/a>.) \r\nNel 2002 \u00e8 stato approvato l&#39;<em>Immigration and Refugee Protection Act<\/em> (IRPA). La nuova legge ha sostituito l&#39;<em>Immigration<\/em> Act del 1976. In particolare, ha reso pi\u00f9 difficile l&#39;immigrazione in Canada, anche per i rifugiati. Tuttavia, la <em>legge<\/em> ha anche reso \r\n pi\u00f9 facile l&#39;ingresso in Canada per le persone di diritto comune o con relazioni omosessuali.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La posizione pi\u00f9 dura del Canada sulla migrazione dei rifugiati si \u00e8 riflessa nel modo in cui ha trattato i richiedenti asilo tamil nel 2009-2010. Considerati rifugiati \u00abfasulli\u00bb, molti sono stati imprigionati nonostante fossero rifugiati legittimi. Molti canadesi hanno reagito in modo simile ai richiedenti asilo che hanno attraversato \r\n irregolarmente il confine tra Stati Uniti e Canada per cercare protezione in Canada. <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">(<em>Vedi anche<\/em> Accordo Canada-Stati Uniti per un Paese terzo sicuro.)<\/a> \r\nQuesto nonostante sia un diritto umano riconosciuto a livello internazionale chiedere asilo in un altro paese.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Questi atteggiamenti erano in netto contrasto con la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">risposta canadese alla crisi dei rifugiati siriani<\/a>. Tra il 2015 e il 2017, il Canada ha rapidamente \r\n reinsediato 54.000 rifugiati siriani. Sebbene questo numero fosse superiore a quello degli Stati Uniti, il contributo del Canada \u00e8 impallidito rispetto ad altri paesi come Germania, Libano, Turchia e Svezia.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigrazione moderna in Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Il Canada riceve un numero considerevole di immigrati ogni anno. Dal 2001 al 2014, una media di circa 249.500 immigrati terrestri si \u00e8 stabilita in Canada ogni anno. Nel 2015 sono stati ammessi pi\u00f9 di 271.800 migranti, mentre questo numero \u00e8 salito a oltre 296.300 nel 2016. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tra il 2016 e il 2021, il Canada ha accolto poco pi\u00f9 di 1,3 milioni di immigrati. I dati <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">del censimento del<\/a> 2021 mostrano che i migranti provenienti da India, Filippine e Cina erano \r\n i tre gruppi pi\u00f9 numerosi di immigrati recenti arrivati in Canada. Circa il 18,6% degli immigrati recenti \u00e8 nato in India, l&#39;11,4% nelle Filippine e l&#39;8,9% in Cina. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">(<em>Vedi canadesi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">dell&#39;Asia meridionale; canadesi \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">filippini<\/a>; canadesi<\/a> cinesi.)<\/a> Altri importanti gruppi di immigrati provenivano dalla Siria \r\n (4,8%), dalla Nigeria (3%), dagli Stati Uniti (3%), dal Pakistan (2,7%), dalla Francia (2%), dall&#39;Iran (1,9%) e dal Regno Unito (1,7%).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>Rispondi al quiz!<\/strong> \r\n<br>Metti alla prova la tua conoscenza del multiculturalismo in Canada rispondendo a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">questo quiz<\/a>, offerto dal Citizenship Challenge! Il Citizenship \r\n Challenge, un programma di Historica Canada, invita i canadesi a mettere alla prova le proprie conoscenze nazionali sostenendo un simulato <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">esame<\/a> di cittadinanza e altri quiz a tema.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">La stragrande maggioranza dei nuovi arrivati (88,7%) si \u00e8 stabilita in quattro province: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">Ontario<\/a> (44%), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">Quebec<\/a> (15,3%), <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">British Columbia<\/a> (\r\n14,9%) e Alberta (14,5%).<\/a> La maggior parte di loro vive anche nei principali centri urbani di queste \r\n province come <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">Toronto<\/a> (29,5 per cento), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">Montreal<\/a> (12,2 per cento) e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">Vancouver<\/a> (11,7 per cento). Queste tre citt\u00e0 da sole accolgono pi\u00f9 della met\u00e0 di tutti gli immigrati recenti. Tuttavia, questa percentuale \u00e8 diminuita man mano che gli immigrati si sono stabiliti in altri centri urbani.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Secondo il censimento del 2021, i canadesi nati originariamente fuori dal Canada costituivano il 23% (8,3 milioni di persone) della popolazione canadese, una percentuale record dal 1921. Il Canada ha la pi\u00f9 alta percentuale di immigrati tra i paesi del G7. (<em>Vedi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">Canada e G7<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Il Canada moderno \u00e8 stato costruito sulla migrazione e sui contributi di molti gruppi di immigrati, a cominciare dai primi coloni francesi, attraverso i nuovi arrivati dal Regno Unito, dall&#39;Europa centrale, dai Caraibi e dall&#39;Africa, agli immigrati dall&#39;Asia e dal Medio Oriente. \r\n Sebbene permangano le sfide poste dal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">razzismo<\/a> e dalla <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">discriminazione<\/a>, la societ\u00e0 \r\n canadese rimane generalmente aperta all&#39;immigrazione. Inoltre, il contributo di molti immigrati alla societ\u00e0 canadese e il desiderio di contribuire a costruire una societ\u00e0 migliore sul suolo canadese sono indiscutibili.<\/p>","slug":"mmitgrazitone","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"it","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":3,"created_at":"2024-12-16T17:19:28.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-16T17:19:28.000000Z"},{"id":"9dae7d61-965e-490c-84b0-b1845606ef0c","article_id":"76085","title":"Immigration to Canada 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u591a\u6587\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u306b\u306f\u5229\u5df1\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u30fb\u4eba\u7a2e\u7684\u306b\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\uff08\u300c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u300d\u3001\u300c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u96e3\u6c11\u300d\u3092\u53c2\u7167\uff09\u3002<\/a><\/a><\/em><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u79fb\u6c11\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5148\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u304b\u3089\u5148\u7956\u4ee3\u3005\u306e\u571f\u5730\u3092\u6ca1\u53ce\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u56e0\u306b\u3082\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\r\n<\/a><\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"\u30ac\u30ea\u30b7\u30a2\u79fb\u6c11\" alt=\"\u30ac\u30ea\u30b7\u30a2\u79fb\u6c11\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u884c\u304d\u306e\u5b64\u5150\" alt=\"\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u884c\u304d\u306e\u5b64\u5150\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u30c9\u30a5\u30db\u30dc\u30eb\" alt=\"\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u30fb\u30c9\u30a5\u30fc\u30db\u30dc\u30eb\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"\u79fb\u6c11\" alt=\"\u79fb\u6c11\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8\u30a6\u30a8\u30b9\u30c8\" alt=\"\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30a6\u30a8\u30b9\u30c8\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u30cc\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\uff0816\u301c18\u4e16\u7d00\uff09<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>17\u4e16\u7d00\u304b\u308918\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u5927\u534a\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u690d\u6c11\u5730\u653f\u6a29\u306f\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u306a\u308b\u56fd\u306e\u76e3\u7763\u3092\u4efb\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3092\u512a\u5148\u4e8b\u9805\u3068\u306f\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3084\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u5f53\u521d\u3001\r\n\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3092\u4fc3\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u83ab\u5927\u306a\u8cc7\u91d1\u3084\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3092\u8cbb\u3084\u3059\u6e96\u5099\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3084\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3067\u306f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u4f4f\u306f\u4eba\u6c17\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/fur-trade\/\">\u5192\u967a\u5bb6\u3001\u63a2\u691c\u5bb6\u3001\u7279\u306b\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3084\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u5229\u76ca\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u884c\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u5546\u4eba\u306f\u3001\r\n\u5165\u690d\u8005\u304c\u5132\u304b\u308b\u8cbf\u6613\u306b\u5e72\u6e09\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6050\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08\u6bdb\u76ae\u8cbf\u6613\u3092\u53c2\u7167\uff09\u3002<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3084\u304c\u3066\u653f\u7b56\u306f\u5909\u308f\u308a\u3001\u690d\u6c11\u5730\u5f53\u5c40\u306f\u614e\u91cd\u304b\u3064\u3086\u3063\u304f\u308a\u3068\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3092\u4fc3\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5165\u690d\u8005\u304c\u690d\u6c11\u5730\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6a29\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u306e\u6295\u8cc7\u5bb6\u306b\u4ee3\u308f\u3063\u3066\u5929\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u5e0c\u671b\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5165\u690d\u8005\u304c\u5148\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u3092\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306b\u6539\u5b97\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u671f\u5f85\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/a>\u5165\u690d\u5730\u306f\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u5897\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u56f0\u96e3\u304c\u306a\u3044\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u5f81\u670d<\/a>\uff081759\u201460\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/new-france\/\">\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u30cc\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u4eba\u53e3\u306f\u7d0465,000\u4eba\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u3002\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\">\u30ce\u30d0\u30b9\u30b3\u30b7\u30a2\u5dde\u3067\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/scots\">\u79fb\u4f4f\u3057\u305f\u30b9\u30b3\u30c3\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u4eba\u3068\u30b9\u30a4\u30b9\u4eba\u306e\u5165\u690d\u8005\u304c\u52a0\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\">\u3002<\/a><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">1700\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u534a\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\">\u30a2\u30a4\u30eb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u5165\u690d\u8005\u304c\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30d5\u30a1\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u4eba\u53e3\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u3002<\/a> \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u306e\u52dd\u5229\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u306e\u79fb\u4f4f\u306f\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\uff08<em><a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">\u5f8c\u8005\u306f\u3001<a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/history-of-agriculture\/\">\u8fb2\u696d\u304c\u8ca7\u56f0\u3068\u4f9d\u5b58\u306e\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u6d3b\u304b\u3089\u9003\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u98e2\u9949\u306b\u898b\u821e\u308f\u308c\u305f\u30a2\u30a4\u30eb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8fb2\u5834\u751f\u6d3b\u306b\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u307e\u305f\u306f\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u71b1\u610f\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08\u8fb2\u696d\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3092\u53c2\u7167\uff09\u3002<\/a><\/em>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canals-and-inland-waterways\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/timber-trade-history\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/railway-history\/\">\u305d\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u3001\u30a2\u30a4\u30eb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u304f\u62e1\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u305f\u904b\u6cb3\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3001\u6728\u6750\u7523\u696d\u3001\u6025\u6210\u9577\u3059\u308b\u9244\u9053\u7db2\u3067\u5b63\u7bc0\u7684\u306b\u50cd\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a>\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u306f\u6075\u307e\u308c\u305a\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u30fb\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3082\u72ec\u7279\u3060\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u3068\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u306b\u5225\u3005\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30eb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u5730\u533a\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u897f\u6d0b\u304b\u3089\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\uff0819\u4e16\u7d00\uff5e20\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u982d\uff09<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\/\">\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u304c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u4f4e\u304f\u3001\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\u3001\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u8af8\u5cf6\u304b\u3089\u306e\u79fb\u4f4f\u306f\u5c11\u6570\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3082\u7d99\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/confederation\/\">\u9023\u5408\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\u4eba\u53e3\u904e\u591a\u306e\u554f\u984c\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a>\uff08\u4eba\u53e3\u3092\u53c2\u7167\uff09\u3002\r\n 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franco-americans\/\">\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u7523\u696d\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u7cfb\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u3092\u9b45\u4e86\u3057\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u5de5\u5834\u3067\u50cd\u304f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u7cfb\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u4eba\u3092\u53c2\u7167\uff09\u3002\r\n<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/metis\">19\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prairie\/\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u5dde\u306f\u958b\u62d3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c<\/a>\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5148\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u3068\u30e1\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9\u65cf\u3092\u305d\u306e\u571f\u5730\u304b\u3089\u8ffd\u653e\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u3067\uff08\u6642\u306b\u306f\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u306b\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-nations\">\u521d\u3081\u3066\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u3002<\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">(\u300c\u5317\u897f\u90e8\u306e\u53cd\u4e71\u300d\u3082\u53c2\u7167)<\/a><\/em>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\r\n\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u79fb\u4f4f\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5c0f\u9ea6\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8fb2\u7523\u7269\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8fb2\u7523\u7269\u3001\u7279\u306b\u786c\u8cea\u5c0f\u9ea6\u306e\u9700\u8981\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u3088\u308b\u897f\u6d0b\u4eba\u306e\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3092\u4fc3\u3057\u305f\u30a6\u30a3\u30eb\u30d5\u30ea\u30c3\u30c9\u30fb\u30ed\u30fc\u30ea\u30a8\u653f\u6a29\u306e\u9078\u6319\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u8d77\u3053\u3063\u305f<\/a>\u3002\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u65b0\u5185\u52d9\u5927\u81e3\u30af\u30ea\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u30fb\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u5237\u65b0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5e83\u7bc4\u56f2\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u79fb\u6c11\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u7d44\u7e54\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u3002\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u3057\u3076\u3057\u3076\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u8af8\u5cf6\u3001\u5317\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3001\r\n\u7c73\u56fd\u4ee5\u5916\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u5165\u690d\u8005\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u7528\u610f\u3055\u3048\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u6e90\u4ee5\u5916\u3067\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30b7\u30d5\u30c8\u30f3\u306e\u610f\u6b32\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u570f\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u306a\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306f\u4fee\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u305f\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306b\u5909\u308f\u3063\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u3001\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u5185\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7c73\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3059\u767d\u4eba\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u512a\u5148\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u767d\u4eba\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u306f\u4eba\u7a2e\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u306a\u7406\u7531\u3067\u5165\u56fd\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/a>\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u306a\u79fb\u6c11\u306f\u3001\u897f\u6d0b\u306b\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3059\u308b\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u4eba\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u4eba\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u8fb2\u6c11\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3059\u3088\u3046\u4f01\u696d\u3084\u9244\u9053\u306e\u5229\u5bb3\u95a2\u4fc2\u8005\u306b\u8feb\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5165\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u306f\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u9593\u306e\u4e0d\u5b89\u3068\u5165\u690d\u8005\u306e\u5fc5\u6b7b\u306e\u635c\u7d22\u3068\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u53d6\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u306a\u5165\u690d\u8005\u3092\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u9806\u306b\u6319\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u3068\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u5f93\u4e8b\u8005\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u4eba\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">\u30d9\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u4eba\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u30b9\u30ab\u30f3\u30b8\u30ca\u30d3\u30a2\u4eba<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">\u30b9\u30a4\u30b9\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">\u30d5\u30a3\u30f3\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u4eba\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2\u30cf\u30f3\u30ac\u30ea\u30fc\u4eba (\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2\u4eba\u3001\u30cf\u30f3\u30ac\u30ea\u30fc\u4eba\u3092\u53c2\u7167)\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u30a6\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30ca\u4eba\u3001\r\n\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u304c\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/em>\r\n\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u4e00\u756a\u4e0b\u306b\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u4eba\u3001\u5357\u30b9\u30e9\u30d6\u4eba\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">\u30ae\u30ea\u30b7\u30e3\u4eba<\/a><\/a>\u3001\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u4eba\u306a\u3069\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3082\u653f\u5e9c\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3082\u540c\u5316\u3055\u308c\u306b\u304f\u304f\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u671b\u307e\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">\u30a2\u30e9\u30d6\u7cfb\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u3092\u53c2\u7167<\/a><\/em>\uff09\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u4e00\u756a\u4e0b\u306b\u306f\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3001\r\n\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u4eba\u3001\u30ed\u30de\u4eba\u3001\u9ed2\u4eba\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\u3002\r\n<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u554f\u984c\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u30aa\u30bf\u30ef\u3060\u3051\u304c\u767a\u8a00\u6a29\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u9818\u5317\u7c73\u6cd5\u3067\u306f<\/em><\/a>\u3001\r\n\u5dde\u304c\u5e0c\u671b\u3059\u308c\u3070\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u767a\u8a00\u6a29\u3082\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306f\u305d\u3046\u3057\u305f\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u7279\u306b\u8208\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u3092\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u570f\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u304c\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3078\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3068\u3001\r\n\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u8fb2\u6751\u90e8\u306e\u82e5\u8005\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u4f4f\u3092\uff08\u9006\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\uff09\u98df\u3044\u6b62\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u306e\u4e00\u74b0\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u9023\u90a6\u5f53\u5c40\u3068\u5354\u529b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u5c40\u304c\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306b\u6d3e\u9063\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u7cfb\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u304c\u6545\u90f7\u306b\u623b\u308a\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u3051\u308c\u3069\u3082\u9650\u754c\u306e\u8fb2\u5730\u306b\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u4fc3\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u3053\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306f\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6210\u529f\u3057\u304b\u53ce\u3081\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306f\u5f15\u304d\u7d9a\u304d\u79fb\u6c11\u512a\u5148\u8ab2\u984c\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u79fb\u6c11\u3068\u90fd\u5e02\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u4e88\u9632\u63aa\u7f6e\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u8cc7\u6e90\u958b\u767a\u3084\u8fb2\u696d\u306b\u5c02\u5ff5\u3057\u305f\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30eb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3055\u305a\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u30d7\u30ed\u30c6\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u7530\u820e\u306e\u5b64\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\u3067\u50cd\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u9078\u3073\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3084\u5317\u7c73\u306b\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3057\u304b\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5bb6\u3067\u571f\u5730\u3092\u8cb7\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u59c9\u59b9\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6301\u53c2\u91d1\u3092\u96c6\u3081\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u501f\u91d1\u3092\u8fd4\u6e08\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5341\u5206\u306a\u304a\u91d1\u3092\u7a3c\u3054\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u8005\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5317\u7c73\u306e\u6210\u529f\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5e30\u56fd\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u59bb\u3084\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u3092\u9023\u308c\u3066\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"1911\u5e74\u9803\u3001\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u8077\u54e1 \" alt=\"\u5165\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u8077\u54e1\u3001\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u30011911\u5e74\u9803 \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">\u30de\u30b1\u30c9\u30cb\u30a2\u4eba<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u3001\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u4eba\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30f3\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u306a\u3069\u3001\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u8d77\u6e90\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u79fb\u4f4f\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/a>\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u79fb\u4f4f\u8005\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u5b89\u4fa1\u306a\u52b4\u50cd\u529b\u3084\u3001\u5de5\u5834\u3084\u5efa\u8a2d\u4f5c\u696d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u719f\u7df4\u8077\u4eba\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u3092\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-pacific-railway\">\u9271\u696d\u3084\u88fd\u6750\u696d\u306b\u5f93\u4e8b\u3059\u308b\u8005\u3082\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u9244\u9053\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u50cd\u3044\u305f\u8005\u3082\u3044\u305f\u3002\r\n<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">\u591a\u304f\u306f\u30e2\u30f3\u30c8\u30ea\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hamilton\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">\u30a6\u30a3\u30cb\u30da\u30b0<\/a>\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">\u30c8\u30ed\u30f3\u30c8<\/a>\u3001\u30cf\u30df\u30eb\u30c8\u30f3\u3001\u30d0\u30f3\u30af\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306a\u3069\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90fd\u5e02\u306b\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n<\/a><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u524d\u306f\u30a2\u30a4\u30eb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u3060\u3051\u306b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u3001\r\n\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u306a\u4e0d\u5b89\u3084\u504f\u898b\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6587\u5316\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u5230\u7740\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u304b\u3089\u4eba\u7a2e\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u306a\u6575\u610f\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5802\u3005\u3068\u5bdb\u5bb9\u306a\u614b\u5ea6\u3067\u5fdc\u3048\u305f\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u304c\u3053\u3053\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u52b4\u50cd\u529b\u3068\u6280\u80fd\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\r\n\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u6539\u5584\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">\u8def\u9762\u96fb\u8eca\u306e\u7dda\u8def\u306e\u6577\u8a2d<\/a>\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">\u62e1\u5927\u3059\u308b\u7e4a\u7dad\u5de5\u5834\u3067\u306e\u52b4\u50cd<\/a>\u3001\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\u306e\u6398\u524a\u306a\u3069\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\u3067\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u306a\u304a\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3084\u4eba\u7a2e\u306e\u5883\u754c\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u305f\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u3088\u308a\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u7ba1\u7406\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u79fb\u6c11\u3068\u4eba\u7a2e\u5dee\u5225<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3068\u884c\u653f\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u5165\u56fd\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u306b\u5c48\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3057\u3076\u3057\u3076\u8a31\u53ef\u3057\u305f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u9593\u3082\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3084\u4eba\u7a2e\u306e\u5883\u754c\u7dda\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u305f\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u963b\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u5236\u9650\u7684\u306a\u5165\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u304c\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u8a3c\u660e\u66f8\" alt=\"\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u8a3c\u660e\u66f8\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u306e\u79fb\u4f4f\u304c\u7279\u306b\u72d9\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u982d\u7a0e\u3001\u4e0a\u9678\u7a0e<\/a>\u3001\u4e8c\u56fd\u9593\u5236\u9650\u5354\u5b9a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u65c5\u884c\u5236\u9650\u306a\u3069\u306e\u63aa\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\r\n\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u306f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u4e0a\u7981\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002(<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u3082\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/a><\/em>\u3002)\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u5f53\u5c40\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\r\n\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3092\u8a31\u53ef\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u9244\u9053\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9271\u5c71\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6ede\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u304c\u6052\u4e45\u7684\u306b\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u61f8\u5ff5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5371\u967a\u306b\u3055\u3089\u3059\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u300c\u9ec4\u8272\u3044\u5371\u967a\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u7a2e\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u306a\u61f8\u5ff5\u304c\u5e83\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1914\u5e74\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>\u99d2\u5f62\u4e38\u306b\u4e57\u8239\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u7d04400\u4eba\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u30d0\u30f3\u30af\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u6e2f\u3067\u82e6\u3057\u307f<\/em><\/a>\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u5f53\u5c40\u306f\u5f7c\u3089\u3092\u3069\u3046\u3059\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u4e57\u5ba2\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u306e\u652f\u914d\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5357\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u306e\u79fb\u4f4f\u306b\u8ab2\u305b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u4eba\u7a2e\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u5236\u9650\u3092\u66b4\u9732\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6d77\u8ecd\u304c\u521d\u3081\u3066\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u6d77\u57df\u304b\u3089\u8239\u3092\u8b77\u885b\u3057\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30d0\u30f3\u30af\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u4f4f\u6c11\u304c\u5cb8\u304b\u3089\u6b53\u58f0\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u4e57\u5ba2\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u306b\u623b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u6bba\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/serbs\/\">\u30bb\u30eb\u30d3\u30a2\u4eba\u3001\u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u4eba\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306f<\/a>\u3001\u6bcd\u56fd\u306e\u8ecd\u968a\u306b\u623b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5968\u52b1\u3055\u308c\u305f\u308a\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u8d77\u6e90\u3092\u6301\u3064\u540c\u76df\u56fd\u306e\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u78ba\u4fdd\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u8ecd\u90e8\u968a\u306b\u5fb4\u5175\u3055\u308c\u305f\u308a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-army\">\u81ea\u56fd\u306e\u8ecd\u968a\u306b\u52a0\u308f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3001\u30de\u30b1\u30c9\u30cb\u30a2\u4eba\u3001\u30a6\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30ca\u4eba\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u8ecd\u306b\u5fd7\u9858\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1910\u5e74\u304b\u30891911\u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u9ed2\u4eba\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u304c\u30a2\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u30bf\u5dde\u4e2d\u90e8\u306b\u79fb\u4f4f\u3059\u308b\u6e96\u5099\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5642\u304c\u5e83\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u304b\u3064\u3066\u5974\u96b7\u306b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u5b50\u5b6b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u6240\u6709\u6a29\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u7bc9\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u671b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u30aa\u30af\u30e9\u30db\u30de\u6e96\u5dde\u306e\u571f\u5730\u304b\u3089\u8ffd\u3044\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u30a2\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u30bf\u5dde\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u516c\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53cd\u5fdc\u306f\u5373\u6642\u304b\u3064\u4e88\u6e2c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u9023\u90a6\u5f53\u5c40\u306f\u5de5\u592b\u3092\u51dd\u3089\u3057\u305f\u30b7\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306a\u8a08\u753b\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<em>\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u306b\u306f\u9ed2\u4eba\u306e\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u4eba\u3092\u7279\u306b\u7981\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u4f55\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c<\/em>\u3001\u540c\u6cd5\u306e\u533b\u7642\u898f\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\r\n\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u79fb\u6c11\u3082\u5065\u5eb7\u4e0a\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3067\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u3092\u4e8b\u5b9f\u4e0a\u62d2\u5426\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u56fd\u5883\u6cbf\u3044\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u5be9\u67fb\u5b98\u3068\u305d\u306e\u533b\u7642\u88dc\u4f50\u5b98\u306b\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u9ed2\u4eba\u3092\u533b\u7642\u4e0a\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3067\u5165\u56fd\u306b\u9069\u3055\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3057\u3066\u62d2\u5426\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u6307\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e0a\u8a34\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u9ed2\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u6642\u9593\u3068\u304a\u91d1\u3092\u7121\u99c4\u306b\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8b66\u544a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff08<em>\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u4ee41911\u20141324\u3082\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deemed-unsuitable-black-pioneers-in-western-canada-feature\">\u3002\uff09<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/great-depression\/\">\u5927\u6050\u614c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u308c\u305f\u58ca\u6ec5\u7684\u306a\u7d4c\u6e08\u5d29\u58ca\u306e\u7d50\u679c<\/a>\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u56fa\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5165\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u306f\u3001\r\n\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u4f4f\u3092\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u963b\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021933\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u30d2\u30c8\u30e9\u30fc\u306f\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u3092\u7d71\u6cbb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3084\u4ed6\u306e\u56fd\u3005\u304c\u7121\u5b9f\u306e\u72a0\u7272\u8005\u306b\u5bb6\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u4f55\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u3082\u306e\u653f\u6575\u3084\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u304c\u751f\u304d\u6b8b\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u306f\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u7d76\u671b\u7684\u306a\u7aae\u72b6\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u540c\u60c5\u3068<\/a>\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u63f4\u52a9\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6065\u305a\u304b\u3057\u3055\u3092\u4ea4\u3048\u3066\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u9023\u90a6\u5185\u95a3\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5916\u4ea4\u56e3\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u6848\u8005\u306a\u3069\u3001\r\n\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u304b\u3089\u9003\u3052\u308b\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u3084\u653f\u6cbb\u96e3\u6c11\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u5727\u529b\u306b\u8b66\u6212\u3057\u3066\u53cd\u5fdc\u3057\u305f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u5236\u9650\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3067\u304d\u305f\u96e3\u6c11\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002(<em><a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u518d\u4f1a<\/a>\u300d\u3092\u53c2\u7167<\/em>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>1945\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u96e3\u6c11\u79fb\u6c11<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u306e\u7d42\u7d50\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u6226\u4e89\u3084\u66b4\u529b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7aae\u5730\u306b\u7acb\u305f\u3055\u308c\u305f\u96e3\u6c11\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306f<\/a>\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u3092\u5360\u3081\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u6226\u5f8c\u306e\u52b4\u50cd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u306e\u4e2d\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f\u4f55\u4e07\u4eba\u3082\u306e\u907f\u96e3\u6c11\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u6226\u4e89\u3067\u30db\u30fc\u30e0\u30ec\u30b9\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u7d42\u6226\u6642\u306b\u306f\u5e02\u6c11\u6a29\u306e\u3042\u308b\u56fd\u306e\u5916\u306b\u51fa\u3066\u3001\u5e30\u56fd\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u907f\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5e30\u9084\u3067\u304d\u308b\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3084\u5bb6\u65cf\u304c\u3044\u306a\u3044\u30e6\u30c0\u30e4\u4eba\u306e\u30db\u30ed\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u751f\u5b58\u8005\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30bd\u9023\u306e\u652f\u914d\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u3063\u305f\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u5e30\u9084\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u305f\u907f\u96e3\u6c11\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u518d\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u7bc9\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u304b\u30891970\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f\u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u6a29\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u3063\u305f\u4ed6\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u306e\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u7aae\u72b6\u306b\u3082\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021956\u5e74\u306e\u30cf\u30f3\u30ac\u30ea\u30fc\u8702\u8d77\u304c\u5931\u6557\u306b\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u30011968\u5e74\u306b\u30bd\u9023\u304c\u30c1\u30a7\u30b3\u30b9\u30ed\u30d0\u30ad\u30a2\u3067\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u3092\u6253\u3061\u7815\u3044\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u96e3\u6c11\u306f\u897f\u3078\u9003\u3052\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5fdc\u3048\u3066\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8107\u306b\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u4f55\u5e74\u306b\u3082\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u3001\r\n\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f\u30a6\u30ac\u30f3\u30c0\u3084\u30c1\u30ea\u306a\u3069\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u304b\u3089\u9003\u308c\u305f\u96e3\u6c11\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u518d\u3073\u7279\u5225\u624b\u5f53\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/latin-americans\/\">(<em>\u300c\u4e2d\u5357\u7c73\u4eba\u300d\u3082\u53c2\u7167<\/em>)\u3002<\/a>\u3044\u305a\u308c\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3001\u96e3\u6c11\u306f\u5165\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u898f\u5247\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3089\u308c\u3001\r\n\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u306b\u306f\u4e00\u5207\u5f93\u308f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1978\u5e74\u3001<em>\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u3092\u5236\u5b9a\u3057<\/em>\u3001\u6291\u5727\u304b\u3089\u9003\u308c\u305f\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u518d\u5b9a\u4f4f\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u521d\u3081\u3066\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u5e02\u6c11\u6a29\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u56fd\u3067\u8feb\u5bb3\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6050\u308c\u308b\u5341\u5206\u306a\u6839\u62e0\u306e\u3042\u308b\u500b\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002\r\n\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u898f\u5236\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u96e3\u6c11\u306f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u5165\u56fd\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u306f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u304a\u3088\u3073\u898f\u5236\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u306f\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\r\n\u7ba1\u7406\u304c\u56f0\u96e3\u3067\u3059\u3002(<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u96e3\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3082\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/a><\/em>\u3002)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u96e3\u6c11\" alt=\"\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u96e3\u6c11\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u96e3\u6c11\u518d\u5b9a\u4f4f\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306f\u30011980\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u982d\u306b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u304c\u6771\u5357\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u306e\u96e3\u6c11\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">\u7279\u306b\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u96e3\u6c11<\/a>\uff08\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u300c\u30dc\u30fc\u30c8\u30d4\u30fc\u30d7\u30eb\u300d\r\n \u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\uff09\u3092\u897f\u5074\u8af8\u56fd\u306b\u5148\u99c6\u3051\u3066\u6b53\u8fce\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30dc\u30fc\u30c8\u30d4\u30fc\u30d7\u30eb\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u30dc\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u3092\u8131\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u9078\u3070\u308c\u3001\u3084\u304c\u3066\u30bf\u30a4\u3084\u9999\u6e2f\u306e\u96e3\u6c11\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d7\u306b\u9589\u3058\u8fbc\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4f\u5730\u3092\u5f85\u3064\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-boat-people-refugee-crisis\">\u300c\u30dc\u30fc\u30c8\u30d4\u30fc\u30d7\u30eb\u300d<em>\r\n\u96e3\u6c11\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3082\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/em><\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5165\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9078\u3070\u308c\u305a\u3001\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u6765\u3066\u96e3\u6c11\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3092\u7533\u8acb\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u300c\u4ea1\u547d\u5e0c\u671b\u8005\u300d\u306f\u3001\u7d66\u6cb9\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30d5\u30a1\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u30ac\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u306b\u7740\u9678\u3059\u308b\u6771\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3068\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30d0\u9593\u306e\u30d5\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u3092\u964d\u308a\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\r\n\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u5230\u7740\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u3001\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u3001\u4e2d\u6771\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u4e9c\u5927\u9678\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u3067\u306e\u6226\u4e89\u3068\u8feb\u5bb3\u306e\u6050\u6016\u304b\u3089\u9003\u308c\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u8056\u57df\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u5165\u56fd\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3001\r\n\u4ea1\u547d\u5e0c\u671b\u8005\u306f\u6bcd\u56fd\u3067\u8feb\u5bb3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u5f53\u5c40\u306b\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u96e3\u6c11\u8a8d\u5b9a\u304c\u4e0b\u3055\u308c\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u7559\u307e\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u7533\u8acb\u8005\u306f\u5f37\u5236\u9001\u9084\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>20\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u79fb\u6c11<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u5165\u56fd\u3057\u3066\u96e3\u6c11\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3092\u7533\u8acb\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u6570\u304c\u5897\u3048<\/a>\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u306f\u7533\u8acb\u8005\u3092\u8fc5\u901f\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\r\n\u96e3\u6c11\u7533\u8acb\u8005\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u306b\u5e83\u304f\u6b53\u8fce\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u6c11\u7533\u8acb\u8005\u306e\u591a\u304f\u304c\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u96e3\u6c11\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u898f\u5236\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u63a2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u500b\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5fc3\u914d\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sikhism\/\">1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u534a\u30012\u96bb\u306e\u8239\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u6771\u6d77\u5cb8\u3067\u30b7\u30fc\u30af\u6559\u5f92\uff08<em>\u30b7\u30fc\u30af\u6559\u3092\u53c2\u7167<\/em>\uff09\u3068\u30bf\u30df\u30eb\u4eba\u306e\u96e3\u6c11\u7533\u8acb\u8005\u306e\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8ca8\u7269\u3092\u4e0d\u6cd5\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u6b8b\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u306f\u96e3\u6c11\u554f\u984c\u3092\u5287\u7684\u306b\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/a> \r\n\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u96e3\u6c11\u304c\u300c\u6bba\u5230\u3059\u308b\u300d\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u61f8\u5ff5\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8a87\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e2d\u3001\u8b70\u4f1a\u3068\u5165\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u306f\u96e3\u6c11\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u898f\u5236\u3068\u624b\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\r\n\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u96e3\u6c11\u8a8d\u5b9a\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306f\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306b\u5408\u7406\u5316\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5f37\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u5f53\u5c40\u306f\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u56fd\u3084\u904b\u9001\u4f1a\u793e\u3068\u7dca\u5bc6\u306b\u5354\u529b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u96e3\u6c11\u7533\u8acb\u3092\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u500b\u4eba\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u5230\u7740\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3088\u308a\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\r\n\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u5909\u5316\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5408\u6cd5\u96e3\u6c11\u304c\u56fd\u969b\u6cd5\u3067\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4fdd\u8b77\u533a\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u61f8\u5ff5\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u534a\u304b\u30891990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u982d\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f\u96e3\u6c11\u5019\u88dc\u8005\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u3092\u672a\u7136\u306b\u9632\u3054\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u96c7\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3084\u591a\u984d\u306e\u8ca1\u6e90\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4ed6\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u9053\u3092\u958b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30fb\u30de\u30eb\u30ed\u30cb\u30fc\u306e\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u653f\u6a29\u6642\u4ee3\u304b\u3089<\/a><\/a>\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u56fd\u5185\u3067\u6295\u8cc7\u3057\u3066\u4e8b\u696d\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u8cc7\u672c\u3084\u30b9\u30ad\u30eb\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u7533\u8acb\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u62db\u5f85\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u96c7\u7528\u3068\u5bcc\u306e\u5275\u51fa\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8003\u3048\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u8d77\u696d\u5bb6\u3084\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u6570\u306f\u5287\u7684\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u5165\u56fd\u3059\u308b\u5168\u79fb\u6c11\u306e6\uff05\u306b\u9054\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u304b\u3089\u306f\u8d77\u696d\u5bb6\u968e\u7d1a\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u304b\u306a\u308a\u591a\u304f\u3001\r\n\u305d\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f1997\u5e74\u306b\u4e2d\u56fd\u304c\u9999\u6e2f\u3092\u4e57\u3063\u53d6\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u8cc7\u7523\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5b89\u5168\u306a\u907f\u96e3\u6240\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8a98\u3044\u3068\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u8a2d\u5099\u6295\u8cc7\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u306e\u63d0\u4f9b\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u5fdc\u3048\u308b\u3079\u304d\u306a\u306e\u306f\u5f53\u7136\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\r\n\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f\u9999\u6e2f\u3092\u306f\u3058\u3081\u3068\u3059\u308b\u4e2d\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u3084\u8cc7\u91d1\u6d41\u51fa\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30021981\u5e74\u304b\u30891983\u5e74\u306e\u9593\u306b\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u306f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u7d4c\u6e08\u306b11\u5104\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u6295\u8cc7\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u306f\u3001\r\n\u30d0\u30f3\u30af\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3084\u30c8\u30ed\u30f3\u30c8\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\u3067\u7279\u306b\u9855\u8457\u3067\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u304c\u6700\u5927\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8d77\u696d\u5bb6\u968e\u7d1a\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306f\u82f1\u8a9e\u3084\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u3092\u8a71\u3057\u3066\u5230\u7740\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\r\n\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u6765\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3088\u308a\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u8a00\u8a9e\u8981\u4ef6\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u304b\u3089\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u4e3b\u306b\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u3001\u30bf\u30f3\u30b6\u30cb\u30a2\u3001\u30a8\u30c1\u30aa\u30d4\u30a2\u3001\u30b1\u30cb\u30a2\u3001\u30ac\u30fc\u30ca\u3001\u30a6\u30ac\u30f3\u30c0\u3001\u30ca\u30a4\u30b8\u30a7\u30ea\u30a2\uff09\u30821980\u5e74\u4ee3\u30681990\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u65b0\u53c2\u8005\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3067\u3088\u308a\u826f\u3044\u52b4\u50cd\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b66\u6b74\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u306f\u3001\u51fa\u8eab\u56fd\u306e\u6226\u4e89\u3001\u98e2\u9949\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u306e\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u3055\u304b\u3089\u9003\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u96e3\u6c11\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u666f\u6c17\u6e1b\u901f\u306b\u4f34\u3044\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u554f\u984c\u304c\u518d\u3073\u4e16\u9593\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u7684\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5f53\u7136\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30a8\u30b3\u30ce\u30df\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u3001\r\n\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u304c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u4f4e\u304f\u9ad8\u9f62\u5316\u304c\u9032\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u306f\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3001\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u8cc7\u672c\u3001\u8cfc\u8cb7\u529b\u306e\u6ce8\u5165\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u7591\u554f\u3092\u62b1\u304d\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8005\u3082\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u975e\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u51fa\u8eab\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u5165\u56fd\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u3092\u5360\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u306f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\u306e\u6027\u683c\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306b\u4e0d\u5b89\u3092\u8868\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\r\n\u4ed6\u306e\u6c11\u65cf\u3084\u4eba\u7a2e\u51fa\u8eab\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u504f\u898b\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u8a87\u5f35\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u50b7\u3064\u3051\u308b\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u516c\u958b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5e02\u6c11\u7684\u306a\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u591a\u6570\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u5230\u7740\u304c\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3084\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u3067\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u66b4\u529b\u304b\u3089\u89e3\u653e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u78ba\u304b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>2001\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u79fb\u6c11\u554f\u984c<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>2001\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3001\u30c6\u30ed\u306e\u8105\u5a01\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u554f\u984c\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002(<em>\u300c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11\u300d\u304a\u3088\u3073<\/a>\u300c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u300d\u3082\u53c2\u7167<\/em>)\u3002\r\n2002 \u5e74\u306b\u3001<em>\u79fb\u6c11\u30fb\u96e3\u6c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u6cd5<\/em> (IRPA) \u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<em>\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6cd5\u5f8b\u304c1976\u5e74\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u306b\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/em>\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u96e3\u6c11\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u7279\u306b\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001<em>\u3053\u306e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306b\u3088\u308a<\/em>\u3001\r\n\u5185\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u540c\u6027\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u5165\u56fd\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2009\u5e74\u304b\u30892010\u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u304c\u30bf\u30df\u30eb\u4eba\u306e\u4ea1\u547d\u5e0c\u671b\u8005\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6271\u3063\u305f\u304b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u304c\u96e3\u6c11\u306e\u79fb\u4f4f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3088\u308a\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u59ff\u52e2\u3092\u3068\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u96e3\u6c11\u306f\u300c\u507d\u306e\u300d\u96e3\u6c11\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u96e3\u6c11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u6295\u7344\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u306f\u3001\r\n\u4ea1\u547d\u5e0c\u671b\u8005\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3067\u306e\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7c73\u56fd\u3068\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u56fd\u5883\u3092\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u306b\u8d8a\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">\uff08<em>\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3068\u7c73\u56fd\u306e\u5b89\u5168\u306a\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u5354\u5b9a\u3082\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/em>\u3002\uff09<\/a>\r\n\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u56fd\u3067\u4ea1\u547d\u3092\u7533\u8acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306b\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u4eba\u6a29\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u614b\u5ea6\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u96e3\u6c11\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3068\u306f\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u30022015\u5e74\u304b\u30892017\u5e74\u306e\u9593\u306b\u3001\r\n\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f54,000\u4eba\u306e\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2\u96e3\u6c11\u3092\u6025\u901f\u306b\u518d\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3055\u305b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6570\u306f\u7c73\u56fd\u3088\u308a\u3082\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u8ca2\u732e\u5ea6\u306f\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u3001\u30ec\u30d0\u30ce\u30f3\u3001\u30c8\u30eb\u30b3\u3001\u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30c7\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u56fd\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3068\u898b\u52a3\u308a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u6c11<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f\u6bce\u5e74\u304b\u306a\u308a\u306e\u6570\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u30022001\u5e74\u304b\u30892014\u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001\u6bce\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u7d04249,500\u4eba\u306e\u4e0a\u9678\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30022015\u5e74\u306b\u306f271,800\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u5165\u56fd\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u30012016\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u305d\u306e\u6570\u306f296,300\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2016\u5e74\u304b\u30892021\u5e74\u306e\u9593\u306b\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f130\u4e07\u4eba\u3092\u5c11\u3057\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">2021\u5e74\u306e\u56fd\u52e2\u8abf\u67fb\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068<\/a>\u3001\u6700\u8fd1\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306b\u5230\u7740\u3057\u305f\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30d4\u30f3\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u6700\u3082\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30d4\u30f3\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u3067\u3057\u305f\r\n\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u7d04 18.6% \u304c\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u751f\u307e\u308c\u300111.4% \u304c\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30d4\u30f3\u3067\u30018.9% \u304c\u4e2d\u56fd\u3067\u751f\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">\u5357\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u7cfb\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">\u30d5\u30a3\u30ea\u30d4\u30f3\u7cfb\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba<\/a><\/a>\u3001<em>\u4e2d\u56fd\u7cfb\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u3092\u53c2\u7167<\/em>\uff09<\/a>\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u79fb\u6c11\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306f\u3001\u30b7\u30ea\u30a2 \r\n (4.8%)\u3001\u30ca\u30a4\u30b8\u30a7\u30ea\u30a2 (3%)\u3001\u7c73\u56fd (3%)\u3001\u30d1\u30ad\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3 (2.7%)\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9 (2%)\u3001\u30a4\u30e9\u30f3 (1.9%)\u3001\u82f1\u56fd (1.7%) \u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>\u30af\u30a4\u30ba\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\uff01<\/strong>\r\n<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">\u30b7\u30c1\u30ba\u30f3\u30b7\u30c3\u30d7\u30fb\u30c1\u30e3\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u306e\u30af\u30a4\u30ba\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3066<\/a>\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u591a\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u8a66\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff01\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">\u30d2\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30ab\u30fb\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30b7\u30c1\u30ba\u30f3\u30b7\u30c3\u30d7\u30fb\u30c1\u30e3\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u306b\u5e02\u6c11\u6a29\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6a21\u64ec\u8a66\u9a13\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u5225\u30af\u30a4\u30ba\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3001\u81ea\u56fd\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3092\u8a66\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">\u65b0\u898f\u53c2\u5165\u8005\u306e\u5927\u591a\u6570\uff0888.7\uff05\uff09\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">\u30aa\u30f3\u30bf\u30ea\u30aa\u5dde<\/a>\uff0844\uff05\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde<\/a>\uff0815.3\uff05\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">\u30d6\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30d3\u30a2\u5dde\uff0814.9\uff05\uff09\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u30bf\u5dde<\/a>\uff08\r\n14.5\uff05\uff09\u306e4\u3064\u306e\u5dde\u306b\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/a>\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">\u30c8\u30ed\u30f3\u30c8<\/a>\uff0829.5\uff05\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">\u30e2\u30f3\u30c8\u30ea\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb<\/a>\uff0812.2\uff05\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">\u30d0\u30f3\u30af\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc<\/a>\uff0811.7\uff05\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3001\r\n\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5dde\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\u306b\u3082\u4f4f\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u30893\u90fd\u5e02\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3082\u3001\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u534a\u6570\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u4ed6\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u90e8\u306b\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5272\u5408\u306f\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2021\u5e74\u306e\u56fd\u52e2\u8abf\u67fb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u56fd\u5916\u3067\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u306f\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u4eba\u53e3\u306e23\uff05\uff08830\u4e07\u4eba\uff09\u3092\u5360\u3081\u3066\u304a\u308a\u30011921\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u904e\u53bb\u6700\u9ad8\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306fG7\u8af8\u56fd\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304c\u6700\u3082\u9ad8\u3044\u56fd\u3067\u3059\u3002(<em>\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3068G7\u3092\u53c2\u7167<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\u3002<\/a>)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u4eba\u5165\u690d\u8005\u3092\u306f\u3058\u3081\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3001\u30ab\u30ea\u30d6\u6d77\u3001\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u304b\u3089\u306e\u65b0\u898f\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u3084\u4e2d\u6771\u304b\u3089\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u79fb\u4f4f\u3068\u8ca2\u732e\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u6210\u308a\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">\u4eba\u7a2e\u5dee\u5225\u3084\u5dee\u5225\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u8ab2\u984c\u306f\u672a\u3060\u306b\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u793e\u4f1a\u306f\u6982\u3057\u3066\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3\u306a\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3059<\/a>\u3002\r\n\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u793e\u4f1a\u3078\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u8ca2\u732e\u3068\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u571f\u5730\u3067\u3088\u308a\u826f\u3044\u793e\u4f1a\u3092\u7bc9\u304f\u624b\u52a9\u3051\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9858\u671b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"ja","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":9,"created_at":"2024-12-09T06:58:54.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-09T06:58:54.000000Z"},{"id":"9dfc0d57-d1e8-4ad3-a9b4-e989a58d2c29","article_id":"76085","title":"\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc","summary":"<p>\uc7ac\uc815\ucc29\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \uad6d\uac00\ub85c \uc774\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub294 \uc9c8\uc11c \uc788\ub294 \uc778\uad6c \uc99d\uac00\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uacbd\uc81c \r\n \ubc1c\uc804\uacfc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4 \ubc0f \uac00\uce58\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \uc9c0\uae08\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">\ub2e4\ubb38\ud654<\/a> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ub370 \uae30\uc5ec\ud588\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uae30\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc778\uc885\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc28\ubcc4\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc \uc815\ucc45, \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ub09c\ubbfc \ucc38\uc870).<\/a><\/a><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\uc774\ubbfc\uc740 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc774 \uc870\uc0c1\uc758 \ub545\uc5d0\uc11c \ucad3\uaca8\ub098\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uae30\uc5ec\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(\uc774 \uae30\uc0ac\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc804\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc77c\ubc18 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc694\uc57d\uc744 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">\uc77d\uc73c\ub824\uba74 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc (\uc77c\ubc18 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc694\uc57d) \uc744 \ucc38\uc870\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624.)<\/a><\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"\uac08\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc544 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\" alt=\"\uac08\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc544 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub85c \ud5a5\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc544 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\" alt=\"\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub85c \ud5a5\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc544 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ub3d9\ud638\ubcf4\ub974\" alt=\"\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc548 \ub450\ud638\ubc84\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"\uc774\ubbfc\uc790\" alt=\"\uc774\ubbfc\uc790\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"\ub77c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ubca0\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc6e8\uc2a4\ud2b8\" alt=\"\ub77c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ubca0\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc6e8\uc2a4\ud2b8\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\ub274\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub85c\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc (16~18\uc138\uae30)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>17\uc138\uae30\uc640 18\uc138\uae30 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ud1b5\ud2c0\uc5b4 \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \ud589\uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uac00 \ub420 \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \uac10\ub3c5\ud558\ub294 \uc784\ubb34\ub97c \ub9e1\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc815\ucc29\uc744 \ucd5c\uc6b0\uc120 \uacfc\uc81c\ub85c \uc5ec\uae30\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub098 \uc601\uad6d \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc815\ucc29\uc744 \uc7a5\ub824\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \ub3c8\uc774\ub098 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \uc18c\ube44\ud560 \uc900\ube44\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub098 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub85c\uc758 \uc774\uc8fc\uac00 \uc720\ud589\ud558\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/fur-trade\/\">\ubaa8\ud5d8\uac00, \ud0d0\ud5d8\uac00, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc601\uad6d\uc774\ub098 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ubb34\uc5ed\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc740 \uc218\uc775\uc131 \ub192\uc740 \r\n \ubb34\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \ub07c\uc5b4\ub4dc\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub450\ub824\uc6cc\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\ubaa8\ud53c \ubb34\uc5ed \ucc38\uc870).<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uacb0\uad6d \uc815\ucc45\uc774 \ubc14\ub00c\uc5c8\uace0 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \ub2f9\uad6d\uc740 \uc2e0\uc911\ud558\uace0 \ucc9c\ucc9c\ud788 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc815\ucc29\uc744 \uc7a5\ub824\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uc885\uc885 \uc720\ub7fd \ud22c\uc790\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ub300\uc2e0\ud558\uc5ec \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \ud1a0\uc9c0 \uc18c\uc720\uad8c \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc758 \uc8fc\uad8c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \ucc9c\uc5f0 \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub790\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\ub610\ud55c \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc744 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub85c \uac1c\uc885\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae38 \ubc14\ub790\ub2e4.<\/a>\uc815\ucc29\ucd0c\uc740 \uc810\uc9c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc7a5\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\uc601\uad6d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">\uc815\ubcf5<\/a> (1759~60\ub144) \ub2f9\uc2dc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/new-france\/\">\ub274\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758<\/a> \uc778\uad6c\ub294 \uc57d 65,000\uba85\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\">\ub178\ubc14\uc2a4\ucf54\uc0e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\uc2dd\ub41c<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/scots\">\uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc<\/a> \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub3c5\uc77c\uc778\uacfc \uc2a4\uc704\uc2a4 \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \uc7a1\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">1700\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18, \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \ub274\ud380\ub4e4\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \uc778\uad6c\ub97c \ub298\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a><\/a> \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc2b9\ub9ac\ub85c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc774\uc8fc\uac00 \uc81c\ud55c\ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-immigration-in-canada\">\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc774\ubbfc<\/a> <em>\ucc38\uc870<\/em>), \uc989\uc2dc \uc601\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \r\n \uc0dd\uaca8\ub098\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub5a0\ub098\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ub0a8\uae34 \uacf5\ubc31\uc744 \uba54\uc6b4 \uc18c\uc218\uc758 \uc601\uad6d \ud589\uc815\uad00, \uad70\uc778, \uc0c1\uc778\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uace0\ub294 \uc601\uc5b4\ub97c \uad6c\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc \uc911 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83 \uac19\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc0ac\uc2e4, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc601\uad6d \ud589\uc815\uad00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc744 \ud658\uc601\ud588\uc744\uc9c0\ub294 \r\n \uc758\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">\uc601\uad6d\uc778\uc740 \uc601\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">\uac1c\uc2e0\uad50<\/a> \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc720\uc785\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0 \uc815\ubcf5\ud55c \ub85c\ub9c8 \uce74\ud1a8\ub9ad \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5b4\uad8c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \ud589\uc815\uc774 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud574\uc9c8 \uac83\uc744 \uc6b0\ub824\ud588\ub2e4. \r\n<\/a>\ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc601\uad6d \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ub0a8\ubd80 \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0\uc758 \uc628\ud654\ud55c \uae30\ud6c4\uc640 \uce5c\uc219\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ucc3e\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub354 \ucef8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1nQwJ4NDRaO1PhAPuWnxDoGN2adxIhoqj\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>\ucda9\uc131\ud30c \uc774\ubbfc (18~19\uc138\uae30)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/province-of-quebec-1763-91\">\ud018\ubca1\uc758<\/a> \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc601\uad6d \ud1b5\uce58\uc790\ub4e4 \uc911 \ub2e4\uc218\ub294 \uace7 \ubbf8\uad6d \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc774\uc8fc\ud55c \uc218\ucc9c \uba85\uc758 \uc601\uc5b4\uc640 \uac1c\uc2e0\uad50 \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc77c \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\uc5f0\ud569 \uc81c\uad6d \ucda9\uc131\ud30c\ub77c\uace0 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ub09c\ubbfc\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a><\/a>\uc774\ub4e4 \uc911 \ub2e4\uc218\uac00 \ubd81\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc8fc\ud55c \r\n \uac83\uc740 \uc120\ud0dd \ub54c\ubb38\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc5b4\uca54 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uacf5\ud654\uad6d\uc758 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc774 \ub418\uae30\ub97c \uc6d0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uac70\ub098 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub300\uc911\uc801 \uc9c0\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\ubcf5\uc774 \ub450\ub824\uc6e0\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774\ub4e4 \uc655\ub2f9\ud30c\uc5d0\uac8c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc120\ud0dd\uc758 \ub545\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uace0\ud5a5\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb34\ub974\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub78c\uc9c1\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9c0\uc5ed, \uc8fc\ub85c \ubbf8\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c\uc758 \uc785\uad6d\uc774 \uc81c\ud55c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc628 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ubbf8\ub798 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub97c \r\n \uc120\ud0dd\ud588\uc744 \uac83\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\ucda9\uc131\ud30c \uc774\ubbfc\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubb3c\uc790\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uace0 \ud1a0\uc9c0 \ubd84\ubc30\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\ud55c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ub2f9\uad6d\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uacaa\uc740 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc815\ubd80 \uc694\uc6d0\uc758 \uac1c\uc785\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uace4\uacbd\uc740 \ub35c \uc2ec\uac01\ud574\uc84c\uc73c\uba70, \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad00\ud589\uc774 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc88 \r\n \ubc18\ubcf5\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\ub610\ud55c \ub9ce\uc740 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">\ud751\uc778 \ucda9\uc131\ud30c\ub4e4\uc774<\/a> \ubbf8\uad6d\uc744 \ub5a0\ub098 \uc601\uad6d\ub839 \ubd81\ubbf8\ub85c \ud5a5\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ubbf8\uad6d \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc804\uc7c1 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc601\uad6d \ud3b8\uc5d0 \uc130\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \r\n \ud751\uc778 \ucda9\uc131\ud30c\ub294 \uc778\uc885\ucc28\ubcc4\uc801 \uc801\ub300\uac10\uacfc \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uba74\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/shelburne\">\uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc778\ub0b4\uc2ec\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub97c \uac74\uc124\ud588\ub294\ub370, \ud2b9\ud788 \ub178\ubc14\uc2a4\ucf54\uc0e4\uc758 \uc178\ubc88\uacfc \ubc84\uce58\ud0c0\uc6b4\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub9c8\uc744\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub7ac\ub2e4.<\/a> \r\n(\ub178\ubc14\uc2a4\ucf54\uc0e4\uc5d0 \ud751\uc778 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-feature\">\ucda9\uc131\ud30c\uc758<\/a> <em>\ub3c4\ub798\ub3c4 \ucc38\uc870\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624<\/em>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uc774\ubbfc (19\uc138\uae30)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>19\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0, \ud2b9\ud788 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc11c\ubd80\ub294 \uace0\ud1b5\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b8 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \ub290\ub9ac\uace0 \ubd88\uaddc\uce59\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c \uc131\uc7a5 \ud328\ud134\uc73c\ub85c \ub418\ub3cc\uc544\uac14\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc601\uad6d\uacfc \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc744 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc7a5\ub824\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc810\ucc28 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0\uc758 \ub354 \uc88b\uc740 \ub18d\uacbd\uc9c0\ub97c \ucc44\uc6e0\uace0 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0c1\uc5c5 \ub610\ub294 \r\n \ud589\uc815 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uc874 \ucee4\ubba4\ub2c8\ud2f0\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uac10\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub300\uae30\uadfc\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\uace0, 1848\ub144 \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ubc18\ub780\uc774 \uc5f0\ub2ec\uc544 \uc2e4\ud328\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \r\n \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc774 \ubd81\ubbf8\ub85c \uc774\uc8fc\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/a1d07311-76d4-4add-a712-6cf7e3974330.jpg\" title=\"\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\" alt=\"\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31e9a52d-4036-4435-9432-137b0f21fbda.jpg\" title=\"\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uc774\ubbfc\" alt=\"\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uc774\ubbfc\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\uc774 \uc218\ub9cc \uba85\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4 \uc911 \ub2e4\uc218\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc778\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70<\/a> \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud070 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801, \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc5ec\ub7ec \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc778\uc740 \uc601\uad6d\uc778\uacfc \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc778\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \ud574\uc678 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \r\n \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc778\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc601\uc5b4\ub97c \uad6c\uc0ac\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc575\uae00\ub85c-\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801, \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \ub610\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uac1c\uc2e0\uad50\uac00 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc778 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc11c\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \ub85c\ub9c8 \uce74\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc18c\uc218 \ubbfc\uc871\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub294 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \uc870\uae08 \ub354 \uce5c\ubc00\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ubbf8\uad6d \uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc704\ud611\uc5d0 \ub300\ud56d\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc5f4\ub82c\ud55c \ucda9\uc131\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub358 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc601\uad6d \uc655\uc2e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ucda9\uc131\uc2ec\uc774 \uc758\uc2ec\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6cc \ubcf4\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/history-of-agriculture\/\">\ub18d\uc5c5\uc774 \ube48\uace4\uacfc \uc758\uc874\uc758 \ub300\uba85\uc0ac\uc600\ub358 \ub18d\ucd0c \uc0dd\ud65c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub09c \ud6c4, \uae30\uadfc\uc5d0 \uc2dc\ub2ec\ub9ac\ub294 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4 \uc911 \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \ub18d\uc7a5 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5f4\uc815\uc774 \uac70\uc758 \ub610\ub294 \uc804\ud600 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\ub18d\uc5c5\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac \ucc38\uc870).<\/a><\/em>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canals-and-inland-waterways\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/timber-trade-history\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/railway-history\/\">\ub300\uc2e0 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c \ud655\uc7a5\ub41c \uc6b4\ud558 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c, \ubaa9\uc7ac \uc0b0\uc5c5, \uae09\uc131\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ucca0\ub3c4 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \uacc4\uc808\ubcc4\ub85c \uc77c\ud588\ub2e4. \r\n \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a>\uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\uc6b4\ud55c \uc9c0\uc704\uc640 \ub69c\ub837\ud55c \ubbfc\uc871\uc801, \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc815\uccb4\uc131 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc640 \ub300\ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uac01\uac01 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc774 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\uc11c\ubd80 \uc774\uc8fc (19~20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08\ubc18)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\/\">\uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub0ae\uc740 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ub960\uacfc \ub192\uc740 \ucd9c\uc0dd\ub960, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc601\uad6d \uc81c\ub3c4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc774\uc8fc\uac00 \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\ub294 \ub4f1, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/confederation\/\">\uc5f0\ud569<\/a> \uc774\ud6c4 \ubc14\ub85c \uc2dc\ub300\ub294 \uc778\uad6c \uacfc\uc789 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uacaa\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\uc778\uad6c \ucc38\uc870). \r\n \r\n<\/a><\/em>\uacbd\uc791\uc9c0\uc758 \ud76c\uc18c\uc131\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc2ec\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\ud55c\ud3b8, \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uace0 \ube44\uc625\ud55c \ud1a0\uc9c0\uac00 \ubb34\ud55c\ud574 \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc740 \uc218\ucc9c \uba85\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc640 \uc575\uae00\ub85c-\uce90\ub098\ub514\uc5b8\uc744 \ub04c\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franco-americans\/\">\ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uacc4\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ub274\uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc774\ub04c\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uacc4 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc778 \ucc38\uc870). \r\n<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-nations\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/metis\">19\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc811\uc5b4\ub4e4\uba74\uc11c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ubbf8\ub798 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc778 \ud504\ub808\ub9ac (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prairie\/\">Prairie) \uc9c0\ubc29\uc740<\/a> \uc815\ucc29\ucd0c\uc5d0 \uac1c\ubc29\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \ub54c\ub54c\ub85c \ud3ed\ub825\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uacfc \uba54\ud2f0\uc2a4 \ubbfc\uc871\uc744 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ub545\uc5d0\uc11c \ubab0\uc544\ub0b8 \ud6c4\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a><\/a><em>(\ubd81\uc11c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">\ubc18\ub780\ub3c4<\/a> \ucc38\uc870\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624.)<\/em>\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ubc00\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub18d\uc0b0\ubb3c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc218\uc694\ub3c4 \uc99d\uac00\ud588\uc744 \ub54c\ub9cc \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \r\n \uc774\uc8fc\uac00 \uc99d\uac00\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\ub18d\uc0b0\ubb3c, \ud2b9\ud788 \ub2e8\ub2e8\ud55c \ubc00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc218\uc694\ub294 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc774\ubbfc\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc11c\ubd80 \uc815\ucc29\uc744 \uc7a5\ub824\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">\uc70c\ud504\ub9ac\ub4dc \ub85c\ub9ac\uc5d0 (Wilfrid Laurier<\/a>) \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc120\uac70\uc640 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uc0c8 \ub0b4\ubb34\ubd80 \uc7a5\uad00\uc778 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">\ud074\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub4dc \uc2dc\ud504\ud134 (Clifford Sifton) \uc740 \uac1c\ud3b8\ub418\uace0 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \uc774\ubbfc \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744<\/a> \uc870\uc9c1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub294 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ubabb\ud574 \ud558\ub294 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc601\uad6d \uc81c\ub3c4, \ubd81\uc720\ub7fd, \ubbf8\uad6d \uc774\uc678\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \ub18d\uc5c5 \r\n \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc77c \uc900\ube44\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 Sifton\uc774 \uae30\uc874 \ucd9c\ucc98\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098 \uc774\ubbfc\uc744 \uae30\uaebc\uc774 \uac1c\ubc29\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uc601\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uc815\uc758\uac00 \uc218\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\ub00c\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \ub300\uc601\uc81c\uad6d \ub0b4\ubd80\uc640 \ubbf8\uad6d \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \uc601\uc5b4\ub97c \uad6c\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \ubc31\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub97c \uc120\ud638\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0, \ubc31\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc778\uc885\ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc785\uad6d\uc774 \uac70\ubd80\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a>\uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc11c\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud560 \uc601\uad6d\uc774\ub098 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ub18d\ubd80\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uc774\ubbfc\uc744 \ub298\ub9ac\ub824\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uacfc \ucca0\ub3c4 \uc774\ud574\uad00\uacc4\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc555\ubc15\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc774\ubbfc \ub2f9\uad6d\uc740 \ubbfc\uc871\uc801 \ubd88\uc548\uacfc \uc815\uc2e0\uc5c6\uc774 \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544 \ud5e4\ub9e4\ub294 \uac83 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uade0\ud615\uc744 \ub9de\ucdc4\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\uc744 \uc120\ud638\ub3c4 \ub0b4\ub9bc\ucc28\uc21c\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc5f4\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">\uc601\uad6d\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ub18d\uc5c5\uc778\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc778, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">\ubca8\uae30\uc5d0\uc778, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">\ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc\uc778<\/a>, \uc2a4\uce78\ub514\ub098\ube44\uc544\uc778, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">\uc2a4\uc704\uc2a4\uc778<\/a><\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">\ud540\ub780\ub4dc\uc778, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc778, \uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544-\ud5dd\uac00\ub9ac\uc778 (\uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544\uc778, \ud5dd\uac00\ub9ac\uc778 \ucc38\uc870), \ub3c5\uc77c\uc778, \uc6b0\ud06c\ub77c\uc774\ub098\uc778<\/a>, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778 \r\n<\/a> \uc21c\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/em>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">\uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc778, \ub0a8\uc2ac\ub77c\ube0c\uc778, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">\uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc778<\/a><\/a>, \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc778 \ub4f1 \ub300\uc911\uacfc \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \ubcf4\uae30\uc5d0 \ub35c \ub3d9\ud654\ub418\uace0 \ub35c \ubc14\ub78c\uc9c1\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa9\ub85d\uc758 \ub9e8 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">\uc544\ub78d\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778<\/a> <em>\ucc38\uc870<\/em>).<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\ub9e8 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\uc720\ud0dc\uc778, \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778, \ub85c\ub9c8\ub2c8, \ud751\uc778\uc774<\/a> \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4\r\n. \r\n<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ubbfc\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uc624\ud0c0\uc640\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub610\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>\uc601\uad6d\ub839 \ubd81\ubbf8\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c<\/em><\/a> \uac01 \uc8fc\uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uc774\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uad8c\uc744 \r\n \ud589\uc0ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ud018\ubca1\uc8fc\ub294 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc774 \uc77c\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \ub9ce\uc558\uace0 \uc790\uccb4 \uc774\ubbfc\uad6d\uc744 \uc124\ub9bd\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc601\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ud655\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc870\uce58\uc774\uc790 \ud018\ubca1 \uc2dc\uace8 \r\n \uccad\uc18c\ub144\ub4e4\uc774 \ub274\uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\ub85c \uc774\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9c9\uc73c\ub824\ub294 \ub178\ub825\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc5f0\ubc29 \ub2f9\uad6d\uacfc \ud611\ub825\ud558\uc5ec \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uace0\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac00 \uc0c8\ub86d\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud55c\uacc4\uc778 \ub18d\uacbd\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc7a5\ub824\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc774\ubbfc\uad6d \uc694\uc6d0\uc744 \ub274\uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\ub85c \ud30c\uacac\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc740 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc778 \uc131\uacf5\uc5d0 \r\n \uadf8\ucce4\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud018\ubca1\uc758 \uc790\uccb4 \uc774\ubbfc \uc6b0\uc120 \uc21c\uc704 \uad00\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc38\uc5ec\ub294 \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \ubc0f \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc13c\ud130<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc608\ubc29 \uc870\uce58\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\uc6d0 \ucc29\ucde8\ub098 \ub18d\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc804\ub150\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8 \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\ucc98\ub7fc, \uc601\uc5b4\ub97c \uad6c\uc0ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \ube44\uac1c\uc2e0\uad50\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4 \ub2e4\uc218\ub294 \uc2dc\uace8\uc758 \uace0\ub9bd\ub41c \uc0b6\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ud558\uae30\ub97c \r\n \uc120\ud0dd\ud588\ub2e4.\uac8c\ub2e4\uac00 \uc774\ub4e4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \uc911 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc218\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub098 \ubd81\ubbf8\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc \uc0b4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc5ec\uacbc\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \uc9d1\uc5d0\uc11c \ub545\uc744 \uc0ac\uac70\ub098, \uc790\ub9e4\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uacb0\ud63c \uc9c0\ucc38\uae08\uc744 \ub9c8\ub828\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uac00\uc871 \ube5a\uc744 \uac1a\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ub9cc\ud07c \ucda9\ubd84\ud55c \ub3c8\uc744 \ubc8c\ub824\uace0 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc131\uacf5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd81\ubbf8 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc815\uc758\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc600\uac70\ub098 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uaca9\ubcc0\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc9d1\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac08 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4\uba74 \uc544\ub0b4\uc640 \uc790\ub140\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ub370\ub9ac\uace0 \uc640\uc11c \ud569\ub958\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"\uc774\ubbfc\uad6d \uc13c\ud130 \uc9c1\uc6d0, \ud018\ubca1, 1911\ub144\uacbd \" alt=\"\uc774\ubbfc \uc13c\ud130 \uc9c1\uc6d0, \ud018\ubca1, 1911\ub144\uacbd \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">\ub9c8\ucf00\ub3c4\ub2c8\uc544\uc778<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">, \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc778, \ud540\ub780\ub4dc\uc778, \uc911\uad6d\uc778\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ucd9c\ucc98\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub85c \uc774\uc8fc\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a>\uc774\ub4e4 \uc2e0\uaddc \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \uc911 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc218\ub294 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc774\ub098 \uac74\uc124 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uac12\uc2fc \ub178\ub3d9\ub825\uc774\ub098 \uc219\ub828\ub41c \uc7a5\uc778\uc758 \ud544\uc694\ub97c \ucda9\uc871\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub85c \uc785\uad6d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-pacific-railway\">\uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \uad11\uc5c5\uc774\ub098 \ubc8c\ubaa9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ud588\uace0, \uc911\uad6d\uc778\ucc98\ub7fc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ud0dc\ud3c9\uc591 \ucca0\ub3c4\ub97c \uc644\uacf5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc77c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hamilton\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">\ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">\ubaac\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc62c, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">\uc704\ub2c8\ud399<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">\ud1a0\ub860\ud1a0<\/a>, \ud574\ubc00\ud134<\/a>, \ubc34\ucfe0\ubc84\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc8fc\uc694 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<\/a><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub9cc \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc84c\ub358 \ubbfc\uc871\uc801, \uc885\uad50\uc801 \r\n \ubd88\uc548\uacfc \ud3b8\uacac\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uba74\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \ubc30\uacbd\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc790 \ub9ce\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc778\uc885\ucc28\ubcc4\uc801 \uc801\ub300\uac10\uc774 \uc0dd\uacbc\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc77c\ubd80 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ud488\uc704 \uc788\ub294 \uad00\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uc751\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774 \uc678\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb3c\ub7ec \uc654\uace0, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \r\n \ub178\ub3d9\uacfc \uae30\uc220\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\uba70, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c \uc5ec\uac74\uc774 \uac1c\uc120\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uae68\ub2ec\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">\uc804\ucc28<\/a> \uc120\ub85c\ub97c \uac74\uc124\ud558\uace0, \ud655\uc7a5\ub418\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">\uc12c\uc720 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c<\/a> \uc77c\ud558\uace0, \ud558\uc218\ub3c4\ub97c \r\n \ud30c\ub294 \ub4f1 \ub3c4\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ubbfc\uc871 \ub610\ub294 \uc778\uc885\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc774\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub354 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \ud1b5\uc81c\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\uc774\ubbfc \ubc0f \uc778\uc885\ucc28\ubcc4<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc \uc815\ucc45\uacfc \ud589\uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc5d0 \uad74\ubcf5\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub9c8\uc9c0\ubabb\ud574 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ud588\uc744 \ubfd0\uc774\uc8e0.\uc5bc\ub9c8 \uc9c0\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \ubbfc\uc871 \r\n \ubc0f \uc778\uc885\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc774\ubbfc\uc744 \ub9c9\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc \ud1b5\uc81c\uac00 \uc2dc\ud589\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"\uc911\uad6d \uc774\ubbfc \uc99d\uba85\uc11c\" alt=\"\uc911\uad6d \uc774\ubbfc \uc99d\uba85\uc11c\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\uc911\uad6d\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc\uc774 \ud2b9\ud788 \ud45c\uc801\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc911\uad6d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">\uc778\ub450\uc138, \ud1a0\ucc29\uc138<\/a>, \uc591\uc790 \uc81c\ud55c \ud611\uc815 \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \uc5ec\ud589 \uc81c\ud55c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc870\uce58\ub294 \uc911\uad6d\uc778\uc758 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc744 \r\n \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \uae08\uc9c0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">\uc911\uad6d \uc774\ubbfc\ubc95\ub3c4<\/a> <em>\ucc38\uc870\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624<\/em>.)\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ub2f9\uad6d\uc740 \ub610\ud55c \r\n \uc911\uad6d \uc5ec\uc131 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc758 \uc815\ucc29 \ud5c8\uc6a9\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ucca0\ub3c4\ub098 \uad11\uc0b0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub85c \uc77c\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb3c\ub358 \uc911\uad6d\uc778 \ub0a8\uc131\ub4e4\uc774 \uc601\uad6c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ucc29\ud558\uac8c \ub420 \uac83\uc744 \uc6b0\ub824\ud588\ub2e4.\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ub3c4\ub355\uc801 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uc704\ud0dc\ub86d\uac8c \ud560 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ub418\ub294 \u201c\ud669\uc0c9 \uc704\ud5d8\u201d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc778\uc885\ucc28\ubcc4\uc801 \uacf5\ud3ec\uac00 \ub110\ub9ac \ud37c\uc838 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1914\ub144, \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ub2f9\uad6d\uc774 \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560\uc9c0 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc744 \ubc8c\uc774\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>\uace0\ub9c8\uac00\ud0c0 \ub9c8\ub8e8 (Komagata Maru<\/em><\/a>) \ud638\uc5d0 \uc2b9\uc120\ud55c \uc57d 400\uba85\uc758 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc34\ucfe0\ubc84 \ud56d\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\ud1b5\uc744 \uacaa\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc2b9\uac1d\ub4e4\uc740 \ub300\uc601\uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \r\n \uc2e0\ubbfc\uc774\uc5c8\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc774\uc8fc\uc5d0 \ubd80\uacfc\ub41c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uc778\uc885\ucc28\ubcc4\uc801 \uaddc\uc81c\ub97c \ud3ed\ub85c\ud588\ub2e4.\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uc0c8 \ud574\uad70\uc774 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ud574\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uc120\ubc15\uc744 \ud638\uc704\ud588\uace0, \ub9ce\uc740 \ubc34\ucfe0\ubc84 \uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \ud574\uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc2c\uc131\ud558\uba70 \ud658\ud638\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4\r\n.\uc2b9\uac1d \uc911 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc218\ub294 \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \uc778\ub3c4\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\uc744 \ub54c \ubaa9\uc228\uc744 \uc783\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">1\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804<\/a> \uc911\uc5d0 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc18\ub3c5\uc77c \ud788\uc2a4\ud14c\ub9ac\uac00 \ubc1c\ubc1c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \ud610\uc624\uc801 \uc801\ub300\uac10\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc801\uad6d\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uaca8\ub0e5\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc640 \ub3d9\ub9f9\uc744 \ub9fa\uc740 \uad6d\uac00\uc640 \uc5f0\uacc4\ub41c \r\n \uc678\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ud45c\uc801\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uad70\uc0ac \uc778\ub825\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud568\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc601\uad6d\uacfc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ub2f9\uad6d\uc740 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ud55c \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uc774 \uc678\uad6d \uad70\ub300\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud574 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc778, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/serbs\/\">\uc138\ub974\ube44\uc544\uc778, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc778<\/a> \ubc0f \uc77c\ubd80 \uc720\ud0dc\uc778\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc740 \ubaa8\uad6d\uc758 \uad70\ub300\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac00\ub3c4\ub85d \uc7a5\ub824\ub418\uac70\ub098 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \uc5f0\ud569\uad70 \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub9c8\ub828\ub41c \ud2b9\uc815 \uc601\uad6d \uad70\ub300\uc5d0 \uc9d5\uc9d1\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-army\">\uc790\uad6d\uc758 \uad70\ub300\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc720\ud0dc\uc778, \ub9c8\ucf00\ub3c4\ub2c8\uc544\uc778, \uc6b0\ud06c\ub77c\uc774\ub098\uc778\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc721\uad70\uc5d0 \uc790\uc6d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1910~11\ub144\uc5d0 \ud55c \ubb34\ub9ac\uc758 \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc54c\ubc84\ud0c0 \uc911\ubd80\ub85c \uc774\uc8fc\ud560 \uc900\ube44\ub97c \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc18c\ubb38\uc774 \ud37c\uc84c\ub2e4.\uc774\uc804\uc5d0 \ub178\uc608\uc600\ub358 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \ud6c4\uc190\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc624\ud074\ub77c\ud638\ub9c8 \uc900\uc8fc\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \ub545\uc5d0\uc11c \ucad3\uaca8\ub098\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc18c\uc720\uad8c\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\uace0 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0b6\uc744 \uc0b4\uae30\ub97c \ud76c\ub9dd\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uc54c\ubc84\ud0c0\uc758 \ub300\uc911\uc801, \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ub300\uc751\uc740 \uc989\uac01\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc608\uce21 \uac00\ub2a5\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc5f0\ubc29 \ub2f9\uad6d\uc740 \uc544\uc8fc \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c \uacc4\ud68d\uc744 \uc138\uc6e0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<em>\uc774\ubbfc\ubc95\uc758<\/em> \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc870\ud56d\ub3c4 \ud751\uc778 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc778\uc744 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud788 \uae08\uc9c0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\ubbfc\ubc95\uc758 \uc758\ub8cc \uc870\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uac74\uac15\uc0c1\uc758 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc758 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc785\uad6d\uc774 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \r\n \uac70\ubd80\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc815\ubd80\ub294 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \ubbf8\uad6d \uad6d\uacbd\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \uc788\ub294 \ucd9c\uc785\uad6d \uc2ec\uc0ac\uad00\ub4e4\uacfc \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc758\ub8cc \ubcf4\uc870\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud751\uc778\uc774 \uc758\ud559\uc801 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc785\uad6d\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc801\ud569\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\ub77c\uace0 \uc9c0\uc2dc\ud588\uc744 \ubfd0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\ud56d\uc18c\ub294 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub85c\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \ub3c8\uc744 \ub0ad\ube44\ud558\uc9c0 \ub9d0\ub77c\ub294 \uacbd\uace0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.(<em>\ub610\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deemed-unsuitable-black-pioneers-in-western-canada-feature\">\ud3c9\uc758\ud68c \ubc95\ub839 P.C. 1911~1324\ub3c4<\/a> \ucc38\uc870\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624<\/em>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/great-depression\/\">\ub300\uacf5\ud669\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \uacbd\uc81c \ubd95\uad34\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub85c \uc774\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc811\uadfc \ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a>\uc774\ubbfc \ub2f9\uad6d\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub85c\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc744 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \r\n \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.1933\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud788\ud2c0\ub7ec\ub294 \ub3c5\uc77c\uc744 \ud1b5\uce58\ud588\uace0, \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub098 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub098\ub77c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubb34\uace0\ud55c \ud76c\uc0dd\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9d1\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4\uba74 \uc218\ubc31\ub9cc \uba85\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubc18\ub300\ud30c\uc640 \uc720\ud0dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0b4\uc544\ub0a8\uc558\uc744 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.\ub9ce\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\ub09c\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758<\/a> \uc808\ub9dd\uc801\uc778 \uace4\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub3d9\uc815\uc2ec\uacfc \uc815\ubd80 \uc9c0\uc6d0 \ubd80\uc871\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2f9\ud639\uac10\uc774 \ub4a4\uc11e\uc778 \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \ubcf4\uc600\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc5f0\ubc29 \ub0b4\uac01, \uc678\uad50\ub2e8, \r\n \uc774\ubbfc \uc815\ucc45 \uc785\uc548\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3c5\uc77c\uc744 \ud0c8\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \uc720\ud0dc\uc778\uc774\ub098 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ub09c\ubbfc\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc555\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uacbd\uac01\uc2ec\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \ubc18\uc751\ud588\ub2e4.\uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc \uc81c\ud55c\uc744 \uc6b0\ud68c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub09c\ubbfc\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">\uc138\uc778\ud2b8 \ub8e8\uc774\uc2a4 \uc528\ub3c4<\/a> <em>\ucc38\uc870\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624<\/em>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\uc778\uc885 \ubc0f \ubbfc\uc871 \uc7a5\ubcbd \ud574\uccb4<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>1945\ub144 \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ub05d\ub0a0 \ubb34\ub835, \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc \uaddc\uc815\uc740 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uc804\uc7c1 \uc804\uacfc \ubcc0\ud568\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubcc0\ud654\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac \uc624\ub798 \uac78\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc804\ud6c4 \uacbd\uc81c \ud638\ud669, \uace0\uc6a9 \uc2dc\uc7a5 \uc131\uc7a5, \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ub178\ub3d9\ub825 \uc218\uc694\uc5d0 \ud798\uc785\uc5b4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\ucc28 \uc720\ub7fd \uc774\ubbfc\uc758 \ubb38\uc744 \r\n \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc5f4\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ucd08\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4 (\uc601\uad6d\uacfc \uc11c\uc720\ub7fd \ucd9c\uc2e0) \uc774 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc120\ud638\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uacb0\uad6d\uc5d0\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9c0\uc5ed\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub0c9\uc804\uc774 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uba74\uc11c \r\n \ub3d9\uc720\ub7fd\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc740 \uc911\ub2e8\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc18c\ub828\uacfc \uadf8 \ub3d9\ub9f9\uad6d\ub4e4\uc740 \uc11c\ucabd \uad6d\uacbd\uc744 \ud3d0\uc1c4\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub0a8\ubd80 \uc720\ub7fd, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544, \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4, \ud3ec\ub974\ud22c\uac08\uc5d0\uc11c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"\ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ud018\ubca1\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\" alt=\"\ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ud018\ubca1\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\uc9c0\ub09c \uc218\uc2ed \ub144\uac04\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uacfc \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc804\ud6c4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc740 \ub18d\uc5c5 \ub610\ub294 \ub18d\ucd0c \uae30\ubc18 \uc790\uc6d0 \ucc44\uad74 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc5d0\ub9cc \uad6d\ud55c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804 \uc774\ud6c4 \ub3c4\uc2dc, \uc0b0\uc5c5 \uac15\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\uc0c1\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc804\ud6c4 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \r\n \uace7 \uc81c\uc870\uc5c5\uacfc \uac74\uc124 \ubd80\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \ucc44\uc6e0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc778\ud504\ub77c \ud655\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\uace0, \uad50\uc721 \uc218\uc900\uc774 \ub192\uc740 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ucc98\ub7fc \uc219\ub828\ub418\uace0 \uc219\ub828\ub41c \uc804\ubb38\uac00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub192\uc740 \uc218\uc694\ub97c \ucda9\uc871\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc740 \uc804\ud6c4 \uba87 \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uadf9\uc801\uc778 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uacaa\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc5f0\ubc29 \ubc0f \uc8fc \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc774\uc804 \uc138\ub300\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc640 \uadf8 \uc790\ub140\ub4e4\uc758 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/human-rights\/\">\uc778\uad8c<\/a> \uac1c\ud601 \r\n \uc555\ub825\uc5d0 \uc11c\uc11c\ud788 \uad74\ubcf5\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc810\uc810 \ub354 \uc911\uc0b0\uce35\uc774 \ub418\uace0 \uc815\uce58 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc774 \ud65c\ubc1c\ud574\uc9c4 \uc9c0\uae08\uc740 \uc798 \ud1b5\ud569\ub41c \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc804\uc7c1 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\ub978 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uacf5\ub3d9\uc758 \ub300\uc758\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ud76c\uc0dd\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc804\ud6c4 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub358 \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c 2\ub4f1 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \r\n \uc5bb\uae30\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uac19\uc740 \uc0dd\uac01\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubbfc\uc871\uc801, \uc778\uc885\uc801 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \uaddc\ud0c4\ud558\uace0 \uc778\uad8c \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uace0\uc6a9, \uc219\uc18c, \uad50\uc721 \uac19\uc740 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uc885, \uc885\uad50, \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc5d0 \r\n \ub530\ub978 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \uae08\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\uc744 \uc81c\uc815\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uac15\uc694\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uac00 \uad6d\ub0b4 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \ubd88\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc, \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc778\uc885\uc801, \uc885\uad50\uc801 \ub610\ub294 \ubbfc\uc871\uc801 \uc7a5\ubcbd\uc744 \uc810\uc9c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5c6\uc560\uae30 \r\n \uc704\ud574 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1960\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \uc774\ubbfc \uc815\ucc45\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uba85\ubc31\ud55c \uc778\uc885 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc\ubc95\uacfc \uaddc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ub77c\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uc778\uc885\uc774\ub098 \ubbfc\uc871\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \u201c\ubc14\ub78c\uc9c1\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\u201d\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uac70\ubd80\ub2f9\ud588\uc744 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uac00 \ubb38\uc744 \uc5f4\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n1971\ub144, \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc0c1 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub85c \uc774\uc8fc\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\ub2e4\uc218\uac00 \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \ud608\ud1b5\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8 \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \ub9e4\ub144 \uadf8\ub7ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\uc774\ubbfc \ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\uc11c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc785\uad6d\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \ub204\uad6c\ub098 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc778\uc885\uc774\ub098 \uad6d\uc801\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud55c \uc81c\ud55c\uc740 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc84c\uc9c0\ub9cc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc785\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud55c \ud6c4\ubcf4\uc790\uc640 \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n1960\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub85c \uc774\ubbfc\uc744 \uc2e0\uccad\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2a5\ub825 \uae30\ubc18 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc124\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uc774 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac01 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5f0\ub839, \ud559\ub825, \uc601\uc5b4 \ub610\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5b4 \uad6c\uc0ac \ub2a5\ub825, \ud2b9\uc815 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc790\uc758 \uc9c1\ubb34 \ub2a5\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc694\uad6c \uc0ac\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc810\uc218\uac00 \ubd80\uc5ec\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc9c0\uc6d0\uc790\uc758 \uac74\uac15 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uac00 \uc591\ud638\ud558\uace0 \ucda9\ubd84\ud55c \uc810\uc218\ub97c \ub4dd\uc810\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \ubc30\uc6b0\uc790 \ubc0f \ubd80\uc591 \uc790\ub140\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc785\ud559 \ud5c8\uac00\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\ucda9\ubd84\ud55c \uc810\uc218\ub97c \ubc1b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc785\ud559\uc774 \uac70\ubd80\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ucd5c\uadfc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc219\ub828\ub41c \uc989\uc2dc \uace0\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc758 \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \uc6b0\uc120\uc2dc\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc218\uc815\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">\uc77c\ub2e8 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud558\uba74 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc2e0\uaddc \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 (\uc9c0\uae08\uc740 \u201c\uc0c1\ub959 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\u201d\ub77c\uace0 \ud568) \ub294 \ud22c\ud45c\uad8c\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud55c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \ubc1b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a>\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \uae30\uac04 (\ud604\uc7ac 5\ub144 \uc911 3\ub144) \ub3d9\uc548 \uac70\uc8fc\ud55c \ud6c4, \uac01 \uc0c1\ub959 \r\n \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uad8c\uc744 \uc2e0\uccad\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub610\ud55c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uad8c\uc790\uc640 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc0c1\ub959 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub3c4 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc785\uad6d \uae30\uc900\uc744 \ucda9\uc871\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub294 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \uac00\uc871 \r\n \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\uc758 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc785\uad6d \ud6c4\uc6d0\uc744 \uc2e0\uccad\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ud6c4\uc6d0\uc790\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc785\uad6d\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ubd80\ub2f4\uc774 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3d9\uc758\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc5ec\ub7ec \ud574 \ub3d9\uc548 \r\n \uc774\ubbf8 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \ud6c4\uc6d0 \uac00\uc871\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc785\uad6d\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4 \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ub2e8\uc77c \uadf8\ub8f9\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uac00\uc871 \uc7ac\uacb0\ud569<\/a> <em>\ucc38\uc870<\/em>)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>1945\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 \ub09c\ubbfc \uc774\uc8fc<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\uc81c2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804 \uc885\uc804 \uc774\ud6c4, \uc804\uc7c1\uacfc<\/a> \ud3ed\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ub09c\ubbfc\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc \ud750\ub984\uc758 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc804\ud6c4 \r\n \ub178\ub3d9\ub825 \ubd80\uc871 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \uc218\ub9cc \uba85\uc758 \uc2e4\ud5a5\ubbfc\uc744 \uc218\uc6a9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc804\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc9d1\uc744 \uc783\uc5c8\uac70\ub098, \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ub05d\ub0a0 \ubb34\ub835 \uad6d\uc801\uc744 \ubc97\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadc0\uad6d\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub09c\ubbfc \uc911\uc5d0\ub294 \uc720\ud0dc\uc778 \ud640\ub85c\ucf54\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc0dd\uc874\uc790\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \r\n \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3cc\uc544\uac08 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub098 \uac00\uc871\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.\ub2e4\ub978 \uc2e4\ud5a5\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc18c\ube44\uc5d0\ud2b8 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 \uad6d\uac00\ub85c\uc758 \uc1a1\ud658\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud588\ub2e4.\ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc7ac\uc815\ucc29\ud558\uc5ec \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0b6\uc744 \uc0b4\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1960\ub144\ub300\uc640 1970\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \ub3c5\uc7ac \uc815\uad8c \uc544\ub798 \uc788\ub358 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \ub09c\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \uace4\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.1956\ub144 \ud5dd\uac00\ub9ac \ubd09\uae30\uac00 \uc2e4\ud328\ud558\uace0 1968\ub144 \uc18c\ub828\uc774 \uccb4\ucf54\uc2ac\ub85c\ubc14\ud0a4\uc544\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \uc9c4\uc555\ud55c \uc5ec\ud30c\ub85c \ub09c\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc11c\ubd80\ub85c \ud53c\uc2e0\ud588\ub2e4. \r\n\uc774\uc5d0 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc81c\uccd0\ub450\uace0 \uc790\uad6d\uc758 \ub09c\ubbfc\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uc751\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8 \ud6c4 \uba87 \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \r\n \uc6b0\uac04\ub2e4, \uce60\ub808 \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uaca9\ubcc0\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ub09c\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud2b9\ubcc4 \uc218\ub2f9\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/latin-americans\/\">(\ub77c\ud2f4 <em>\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\ub3c4 \ucc38\uc870\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624<\/em>.)<\/a>\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uac01 \uc0ac\ub840\uc5d0\uc11c \ub09c\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \ubaa8\ub450 \r\n \ub530\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc774\ubbfc \uaddc\uc815\uc758 \uc608\uc678\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1978\ub144 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 <em>\uc774\ubbfc\ubc95\uc744<\/em> \uc81c\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ub09c\ubbfc \uc5b5\uc555\uc744 \ud53c\ud574 \ub09c\ubbfc\uc744 \uc7ac\uc815\ucc29\uc2dc\ud0a4\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uc57d\uc18d\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc989, \uc2dc\ubbfc\uad8c\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \ub450\ub824\uc6cc\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774\uc8e0.\r\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ub09c\ubbfc\uc740 \uc774\ubbfc \uaddc\uc815\uc758 \uc608\uc678\ub85c \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc785\uad6d\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub09c\ubbfc \uc785\uad6d\uc740 \uc774\uc81c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc\ubc95 \ubc0f \uaddc\uc815\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub09c\ubbfc \uc218\uc6a9\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub17c\ub780\uc758 \uc5ec\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uace0 \r\n \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\uae30\uac00 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6e0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ub09c\ubbfc<\/a> <em>\uc815\ucc45\ub3c4 \ucc38\uc870\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624<\/em>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"\ud018\ubca1\uc758 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ub09c\ubbfc\" alt=\"\ud018\ubca1\uc758 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ub09c\ubbfc\ub4e4\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\uc774 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubc95\uc548\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \ub09c\ubbfc \uc7ac\uc815\ucc29 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc740 1980\ub144\ub300 \ucd08\ubc18\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \uc11c\ubc29 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \uc120\ub3c4\ud558\uc5ec \ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \ub09c\ubbfc, \ud2b9\ud788 \u201c\ubcf4\ud2b8 \ud53c\ud50c\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \r\n \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc5d0\uc11c<\/a> \uc628 \ub09c\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc744 \ud658\uc601\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ubcf4\ud2b8 \ud53c\ud50c \uc911 \ub2e4\uc218\ub294 \uc791\uc740 \ubc30\ub97c \ud0c0\uace0 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc744 \ud0c8\ucd9c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\ubc1c\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uacb0\uad6d \ud0dc\uad6d\uc774\ub098 \ud64d\ucf69\uc758 \ub09c\ubbfc \ucea0\ud504\uc5d0 \uac07\ud600 \uc601\uc8fc\uad8c\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-boat-people-refugee-crisis\">\u201c\ubcf4\ud2b8 \ud53c\ud50c\u201d \r\n \ub09c\ubbfc \uc704\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ub300\uc751\ub3c4<\/a> <em>\ucc38\uc870\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624<\/em>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ubbfc\uad6d \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc758 \uc120\ud0dd\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ub300\uc2e0 \ub09c\ubbfc \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc2e0\uccad\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub85c \uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \u201c\ub9dd\uba85 \uc2e0\uccad\uc790\u201d\ub294 \ub54c\ub54c\ub85c \ub3d9\uc720\ub7fd\uacfc \ucfe0\ubc14 \uac04 \ud56d\uacf5\ud3b8\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0b4\ub824 \ub274\ud380\ub4e4\ub79c\ub4dc \r\n \uac20\ub354\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\ub8cc\ub97c \ubcf4\uae09\ud55c \ud6c4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774\ub4e4 \uc911 \ub2e4\uc218\ub294 \uc911\uc559 \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74, \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74, \uc911\ub3d9, \uc778\ub3c4 \uc544\ub300\ub959, \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc804\uc7c1\uacfc \ubc15\ud574\uc758 \uacf5\ud3ec\ub97c \ud53c\ud574 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc548\uc2dd\ucc98\ub97c \ucc3e\uace0\uc790 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc77c\ub2e8 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uba74 \ub9dd\uba85 \uc2e0\uccad\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \r\n \uad00\ub9ac\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uace0\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc99d\uba85\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub09c\ubbfc \uc9c0\uc704\uac00 \ubd80\uc5ec\ub418\uba74 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uccb4\ub958\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uc2e0\uccad\uc790\ub294 \ucd94\ubc29\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>20\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>1980\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc785\uad6d\ud558\uc5ec <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\ub09c\ubbfc<\/a> \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc2e0\uccad\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc218\uac00 \uc99d\uac00\ud588\uace0, \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uacb0\uc815 \uc808\ucc28\ub294 \uc2e0\uccad\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc2e0\uc18d\ud558\uac8c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\uae30\uac00 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6e0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub610\ud55c \r\n \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ub09c\ubbfc \uc2e0\uccad\uc790\ub97c \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud658\uc601\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc77c\ubd80 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ub09c\ubbfc \uc2e0\uccad\uc790 \uc911 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc218\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ud569\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \ub09c\ubbfc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \uc6b0\ud68c\ud560 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ucc3e\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc6b0\ub824\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sikhism\/\">\ub09c\ubbfc \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 1980\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ub3d9\ubd80 \ud574\uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\ud06c\uad50 (\uc2dc\ud06c\uad50 \ucc38\uc870) \uc640 \ud0c0\ubc00 \ub09c\ubbfc \uc2e0\uccad\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ud654\ubb3c\uc5d0 \ubd88\ubc95\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc88c\ucd08\ub418\uba74\uc11c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uadf9\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ubd88\uac70\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a><\/em> \r\n\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \ub09c\ubbfc\uc774 \ub118\uccd0\ub0a0 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc6b0\ub824\uac00 \ud06c\uac8c \uacfc\uc7a5\ub41c \uac00\uc6b4\ub370, \uc758\ud68c\uc640 \uc774\ubbfc \ub2f9\uad6d\uc740 \ub09c\ubbfc \uaddc\uc815\uacfc \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ub09c\ubbfc \uacb0\uc815 \uc808\ucc28\uac00 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \r\n \uac04\uc18c\ud654\ub418\uac70\ub098 \uac15\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub610\ud55c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ub2f9\uad6d\uc740 \ub09c\ubbfc \uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc5b4\ub835\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub2e4\ub978 \uad6d\uac00 \ubc0f \uc6b4\uc1a1 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc640 \uae34\ubc00\ud788 \ud611\ub825\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\uc77c\ubd80 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubcc0\ud654\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc77c\ubd80 \ud569\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \ub09c\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \ud604\uc7ac \uad6d\uc81c\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubc1b\uc744 \uc790\uaca9\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ubcf4\ud638 \uad6c\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uac70\ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc6b0\ub824\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1980\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18\uacfc 1990\ub144\ub300 \ucd08\ubc18, \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \ub09c\ubbfc \uc2e0\uccad\uc790\uac00 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9c9\uc73c\ub824 \ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ucde8\uc5c5 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uae30\uc220\uc774\ub098 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc7ac\uc815 \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uac16\ucd98 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uae38\uc744 \uc5f4\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ube0c\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">\uba40\ub85c\ub2c8 (Brian Mulroney<\/a>) \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\/\">\ubcf4\uc218\ub2f9<\/a> \uc815\ubd80 \uc2dc\uc808\ubd80\ud130 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud22c\uc790\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc790\ubcf8\uc774\ub098 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uac16\ucd98 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc744 \uc2e0\uccad\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ucd08\ub300\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\uc544\uc774\ub514\uc5b4\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc774\ub2c8\uc154\ud2f0\ube0c\uac00 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\uc6a9\uacfc \ubd80\ub97c \ucc3d\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uae30\uc5c5\uac00 \ub610\ub294 \ube44\uc988\ub2c8\uc2a4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc758 \uc218\uac00 \uae09\uaca9\ud788 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uc5ec \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc785\uad6d\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uccb4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc758 6% \uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc0c1\ub2f9\uc218\uc758 \uae30\uc5c5\uac00\uae09 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ud64d\ucf69\uc5d0\uc11c \uc654\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub4e4 \uc911 \ub2e4\uc218\ub294 1997\ub144 \uc911\uad6d\uc774 \ud64d\ucf69\uc744 \uc778\uc218\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc790\uc2e0\uacfc \uac00\uc871, \uc790\uc0b0\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc548\uc804\ud55c \ud53c\ub09c\ucc98\ub97c \ucc3e\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ucd08\uccad\uacfc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc790\ubcf8 \ud22c\uc790\uc758 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud55c \uc77c\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \ud64d\ucf69\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \uc911\uad6d\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc\uacfc \uc790\ubcf8 \uc774\ub3d9\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \r\n \ubaa9\uc801\uc9c0\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.1981\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1983\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc911\uad6d \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uacbd\uc81c\uc5d0 11\uc5b5 \ub2ec\ub7ec\ub97c \ud22c\uc790\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ud64d\ucf69 \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \uc911\uad6d\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc\uc740 \ud2b9\ud788 \ubc34\ucfe0\ubc84\uc640 \ud1a0\ub860\ud1a0\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \r\n \ub300\ub3c4\uc2dc \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ub450\ub4dc\ub7ec\uc84c\uc73c\uba70, \ud604\uc7ac \uc911\uad6d\uc778 \ucee4\ubba4\ub2c8\ud2f0\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uae30\uc5c5\uac00\uae09 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uc601\uc5b4\ub098 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5b4\ub97c \uad6c\uc0ac\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\uace0, \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \r\n \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc624\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub354 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc694\uac74\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc (\uc8fc\ub85c \ub0a8\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74, \ud0c4\uc790\ub2c8\uc544, \uc5d0\ud2f0\uc624\ud53c\uc544, \ucf00\ub0d0, \uac00\ub098, \uc6b0\uac04\ub2e4, \ub098\uc774\uc9c0\ub9ac\uc544) \ub3c4 1980\ub144\ub300\uc640 1990\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uc99d\uac00\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774\ub4e4 \uc2e0\uaddc \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \uc911 \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub354 \ub098\uc740 \uadfc\ubb34 \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ucc3e\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \ud559\uc5c5 \uc790\uaca9\uc744 \uac16\ucd98 \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub300\ub2e4\uc218\ub294 \ucd9c\uc2e0 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc804\uc7c1, \uae30\uadfc, \uc815\uce58\uc801, \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ubd88\uc548\uc815\uc744 \ud53c\ud574 \ub3c4\ub9dd\uce5c \ub09c\ubbfc\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1990\ub144\ub300\uc758 \uacbd\uae30 \uce68\uccb4\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc740 \uacf5\uac1c \ud1a0\ub860\uc758 \uc8fc\uc81c\ub85c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub5a0\uc62c\ub790\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774\ubbfc\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c \uc774\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub9ce\uc740 \uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \r\n \ucd9c\uc0dd\ub960\uc774 \ub0ae\uace0 \uc778\uad6c\uac00 \uace0\ub839\ud654\ub418\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uac00\uc838\uc624\ub294 \uc778\uad6c, \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0, \uae30\uc220, \uc790\ubcf8 \ubc0f \uad6c\ub9e4\ub825\uc758 \ud22c\uc785\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc758\uad6c\uc2ec\uc744 \ud488\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\ube44\uc720\ub7fd\uacc4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc785\uad6d\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\ub2e4\uc218\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc77c\ubd80 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3c4\uc2dc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc131\uaca9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubd88\uc548\uac10\uc744 \ud45c\uba85\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc778\uc885 \ubc0f \uc778\uc885 \r\n \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud3b8\uacac \uc911 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc218\ub294 \uacfc\uc7a5\ub418\uc5b4 \uc18c\uc218 \ubbfc\uc871 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc5d0 \ud574\ub97c \ub07c\uce58\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uacf5\uac1c \ud1a0\ub860\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc801\uc778 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc640 \ub3c5\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc758 \uc720\uc785\uc774 \uc720\ubc1c\ud588\ub358 \ud3ed\ub825\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud655\uc2e4\ud788 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6cc\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>2001\ub144 9\uc6d4 11\uc77c \uc774\ud6c4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>2001\ub144 9\uc6d4 11\uc77c \uc0ac\uac74, \ud14c\ub7ec \uc704\ud611, \ubcf4\uc548 \ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uacb0\uacfc\ub85c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\ubbfc \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11<\/a> \ubc0f <em>\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub3c4 \ucc38\uc870\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624<\/em>.)\r\n2002\ub144\uc5d0 <em>\uc774\ubbfc \ubc0f \ub09c\ubbfc \ubcf4\ud638\ubc95<\/em> (IRPA) \uc774 \ud1b5\uacfc\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<em>\uc0c8 \ubc95\ub960\uc740 1976\ub144 \uc774\ubbfc\ubc95\uc744 \ub300\uccb4\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/em>\uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ud2b9\ud788 \ub09c\ubbfc\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub85c\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc774 \ub354 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 <em>\ubc95\uc740<\/em> \ub610\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\ud63c \uad00\uacc4\ub098 \ub3d9\uc131 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \r\n \ub354 \uc27d\uac8c \uc785\uad6d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\ub09c\ubbfc \uc774\uc8fc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uac00\ud639\ud55c \uc785\uc7a5\uc740 2009\ub144\ubd80\ud130 2010\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud0c0\ubc00 \ub9dd\uba85 \uc2e0\uccad\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ub300\ud588\ub358 \ud0dc\ub3c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubc18\uc601\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u201c\uac00\uc9dc\u201d \ub09c\ubbfc\uc73c\ub85c \ube44\ucdb0\uc84c\ub358 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \ud569\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \ub09c\ubbfc\uc784\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ud22c\uc625\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub9ce\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ub9dd\uba85 \uc2e0\uccad\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \uc694\uccad\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubbf8\uad6d-\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uad6d\uacbd\uc744 \r\n \ubd88\uaddc\uce59\ud558\uac8c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \ubcf4\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">(\uce90\ub098\ub2e4-\ubbf8\uad6d \uc548\uc804 <em>\uc81c3\uad6d \ud611\uc815\ub3c4 \ucc38\uc870\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624<\/em>.)<\/a>\r\n\uc774\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0 \ub9dd\uba85\uc744 \uc2e0\uccad\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub294 \uc778\uad8c\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub7ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub294 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544 \ub09c\ubbfc \uc704\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ub300\uc751\uacfc\ub294<\/a> \uadf9\uba85\ud55c \ub300\uc870\ub97c \uc774\ub8f9\ub2c8\ub2e4.2015\ub144\uc5d0\uc11c 2017\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 54,000\uba85\uc758 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544 \ub09c\ubbfc\uc744 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc7ac\uc815\ucc29\uc2dc\ucf30\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4\r\n.\uc774 \uc22b\uc790\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub9ce\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uae30\uc5ec\ub3c4\ub294 \ub3c5\uc77c, \ub808\ubc14\ub17c, \ud130\ud0a4, \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978 \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \ubbf8\ubbf8\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\ud604\ub300\uc758 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc774\ubbfc<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9e4\ub144 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc218\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub97c \ubc1b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.2001\ub144\ubd80\ud130 2014\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub9e4\ub144 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc57d 249,500\uba85\uc758 \uc0c1\ub959 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uac00 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.2015\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 271,800\uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uac00 \uc785\uad6d\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc 2016\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774 \uc218\uac00 296,300\uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc99d\uac00\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2016\ub144\ubd80\ud130 2021\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\ub294 130\ub9cc \uba85\uc774 \uc870\uae08 \ub118\ub294 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uac00 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.2021\ub144\uc758 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\uc778\uad6c \uc870\uc0ac<\/a> \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ucd5c\uadfc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud55c \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc138 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4, \ud544\ub9ac\ud540, \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4\r\n.\ucd5c\uadfc \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc758 \uc57d 18.6% \ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c, 11.4% \ub294 \ud544\ub9ac\ud540\uc5d0\uc11c, 8.9% \ub294 \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">\ud544\ub9ac\ud540\uacc4<\/a> \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778<\/a>, \uc911\uad6d\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778 <em>\ucc38\uc870<\/em>)<\/a>\ub2e4\ub978 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc740 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544 \r\n (4.8%), \ub098\uc774\uc9c0\ub9ac\uc544 (3%), \ubbf8\uad6d (3%), \ud30c\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4 (2.7%), \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 (2%), \uc774\ub780 (1.9%), \uc601\uad6d (1.7%) \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>\ud034\uc988\ub97c \ud480\uc5b4\ubcf4\uc138\uc694!<\/strong>\r\n<br>\uc2dc\ud2f0\uc98c\uc2ed \ucc4c\ub9b0\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">\uc774 \ud034\uc988\ub97c \ud480\uace0<\/a> \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ub2e4\ubb38\ud654\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud574 \ubcf4\uc138\uc694!\ud788\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\uce74 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 (Historica Canada) \uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc778 \uc2dc\ud2f0\uc98c\uc2ed \r\n \ucc4c\ub9b0\uc9c0\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\uc758 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uad8c \uc2dc\ud5d8\uacfc \uae30\ud0c0 \uc8fc\uc81c\ubcc4 \ud034\uc988\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uad6d\uac00 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">\uc2dc\ud5d8\ud574<\/a> \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">\uc2e0\uaddc \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc758 \ub300\ub2e4\uc218 (88.7%) \ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">\uc628\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc624<\/a> (44%), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\ud018\ubca1<\/a> (15.3%), <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">\ube0c\ub9ac\ud2f0\uc2dc \uceec\ub7fc\ube44\uc544<\/a> (14.9%), \uc568\ubc84\ud0c0 (\r\n14.5%) \uc758 4\uac1c \uc8fc\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a>\uc774\ub4e4 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">\ud1a0\ub860\ud1a0<\/a> (29.5%), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">\ubaac\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc62c<\/a> (12.2%), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">\ubc34\ucfe0\ubc84<\/a> (11.7%) \uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4 \r\n \uc8fc\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc911\uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uac70\uc8fc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774 \uc138 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub9cc \ud574\ub3c4 \ucd5c\uadfc \uc804\uccb4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc758 \uc808\ubc18 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \uac70\uc8fc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub3c4\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc774 \ube44\uc728\uc740 \ub0ae\uc544\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2021\ub144 \uc778\uad6c \uc870\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uc6d0\ub798 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 23% (830\ub9cc \uba85) \ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 1921\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 \uae30\ub85d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub192\uc740 \ube44\uc728\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 G7 \uad6d\uac00 \uc911 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \ube44\uc728\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub192\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ubc0f G7<\/a> <em>\ucc38\uc870<\/em>)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\ud604\ub300 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\uc73c\ub85c \uc601\uad6d, \uc911\ubd80 \uc720\ub7fd, \uce74\ub9ac\ube0c\ud574 \ubc0f \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc640 \uc911\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \uc774\uc8fc\uc640 \uacf5\ud5cc\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\uc6cc\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\uc778\uc885\ucc28\ubcc4\uacfc<\/a><\/a> \ucc28\ubcc4\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ubbfc\uc5d0 \uac1c\ubc29\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\uac8c\ub2e4\uac00 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud558\uace0 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ub545\uc5d0\uc11c \ub354 \ub098\uc740 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \uac74\uc124\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc8fc\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc5f4\ub9dd\uc740 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc758 \uc5ec\uc9c0\uac00 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"ko","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":2,"created_at":"2025-01-16T20:20:11.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-16T20:20:11.000000Z"},{"id":"9df7f0e2-7cf1-46bc-9035-c27ffae7c9b9","article_id":"76085","title":"Immigratie naar Canada","summary":"<p>De verplaatsing van individuen van het ene land naar het andere met het oog op hervestiging staat centraal in de Canadese geschiedenis. Het verhaal van de Canadese immigratie gaat niet over een geordende bevolkingsgroei; het ging \u2014 en blijft \u2014 over economische \r\n ontwikkeling en Canadese opvattingen en waarden. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">Het is vaak onbeschaamd economisch ego\u00efstisch en etnisch of raciaal discriminerend geweest, ondanks het feit dat het heeft bijgedragen aan de totstandkoming van een <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">multiculturele<\/a> samenleving (zie Immigratiebeleid in Canada; Vluchtelingen naar Canada).<\/a><\/a><\/em> Immigratie heeft ook bijgedragen \r\n aan de onteigening van <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">inheemse volkeren<\/a> van hun voorouderlijk land.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(Dit artikel is de volledige tekst over immigratie naar Canada. Als u een samenvatting in eenvoudige taal wilt lezen, zie dan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">Immigratie naar Canada (samenvatting in eenvoudige taal)<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"Galicische immigranten\" alt=\"Galicische immigranten\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"Weeskinderen op weg naar Canada\" alt=\"Weeskinderen op weg naar Canada\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"Russische Doukhobors\" alt=\"Russische Doukhobors\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"Immigranten\" alt=\"Immigranten\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"Laatste Best West\" alt=\"Laatste Best West\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigratie naar Nieuw-Frankrijk (16e-18e eeuw)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Gedurende de 17e en een groot deel van de 18e eeuw beschouwden de Europese koloniale administraties, belast met het toezicht op wat Canada zou worden, vestiging niet als een prioriteit. De Franse of Britse regeringen leken aanvankelijk niet voorbereid om grote hoeveelheden \r\n geld of energie te besteden die nodig zijn om de vestiging aan te moedigen. Migratie naar Canada was ook niet populair in Frankrijk of Groot-Brittanni\u00eb. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/fur-trade\/\">Avonturiers, ontdekkingsreizigers en vooral handelaren die voor Britse of Franse belangen optraden, vreesden de inmenging van kolonisten in de lucratieve \r\n handel (<em>zie<\/em> Bonthandel).<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Het beleid veranderde uiteindelijk echter en de koloniale autoriteiten moedigden de vestiging in Canada voorzichtig en langzaam aan. Ze hoopten dat kolonisten de soevereiniteit van koloniale landclaims zouden garanderen en natuurlijke hulpbronnen zouden exploiteren \u2014 vaak namens \r\n Europese investeerders. Er werd ook gehoopt dat de kolonisten de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">inheemse volkeren<\/a> tot het christendom zouden bekeren. De nederzettingen groeiden geleidelijk, maar niet zonder problemen. \r\nDe bevolking van <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/new-france\/\">Nieuw-Frankrijk<\/a> bedroeg ten tijde van de Britse <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">verovering<\/a> (1759-1760) ongeveer 65.000. In \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\">Nova Scotia<\/a> werd een getransplanteerde <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/scots\">Schotse<\/a> gemeenschap aangevuld met <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\">Duitse<\/a> en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\">Zwitserse<\/a> kolonisten. Aan het einde van de jaren 1700 versterkten <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\">Ierse<\/a> kolonisten de bevolking van <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">Newfoundland<\/a>. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Hoewel de Britse overwinning de migratie vanuit Frankrijk beperkte (<em>zie ook<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-immigration-in-canada\">Franse immigratie in Canada<\/a>), leidde dit niet onmiddellijk tot een groot \r\n aantal Engelssprekende immigranten. Behalve een handvol Britse bestuurders, militairen en kooplieden die het vacu\u00fcm opvulden dat was achtergelaten door hun vertrekkende Franse tegenhangers, leken maar weinig Engelssprekende kolonisten ge\u00efnteresseerd in Canada. Het \r\n is inderdaad de vraag of kolonisten door de nieuwe Britse bestuurders zouden zijn verwelkomd. Deze laatsten vreesden dat een toestroom van Engelssprekende <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">protestantse<\/a> kolonisten het \r\n bestuur in een recent veroverd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">rooms-katholiek<\/a> Franstalig gebied zou bemoeilijken. De meeste Britse migranten waren veel eerder geneigd om het meer gematigde klimaat en de vertrouwde \r\n sociale instellingen van de Amerikaanse koloni\u00ebn ten zuiden van Canada op te zoeken.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1nQwJ4NDRaO1PhAPuWnxDoGN2adxIhoqj\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>Loyalistische immigratie (18e-19e eeuw)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Veel van de nieuwe Britse heersers van <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/province-of-quebec-1763-91\">Quebec<\/a> werden al snel gedwongen om vele duizenden Engelssprekende en grotendeels protestantse kolonisten op te nemen die door de Amerikaanse revolutie waren ontheemd. \r\nZe stonden bekend als United Empire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\">Loyalists<\/a> en waren grotendeels politieke <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">vluchtelingen<\/a>. Velen van hen migreerden \r\n niet vrijwillig naar het noorden, maar omdat het moest. Velen wilden ofwel geen staatsburger worden van de nieuwe Amerikaanse republiek, ofwel omdat ze bang waren voor vergelding voor hun publieke steun aan de Britten. Voor deze loyalisten was Canada een land van tweede keus, net als voor talloze toekomstige immigranten die kwamen omdat thuis blijven ongewenst was, en de toegang tot elders, vaak de VS, beperkt was. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Loyalistische migratie werd ondersteund door de Canadese autoriteiten die voorraden aanboden aan de nieuwe kolonisten en de verdeling van land organiseerden. Ondanks de ontberingen die de kolonisten hebben doorstaan, werd hun situatie minder ernstig gemaakt door de tussenkomst van overheidsagenten, \r\n een praktijk die in Canada vele malen werd herhaald.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Veel <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">zwarte loyalisten<\/a> verlieten ook de Verenigde Staten voor Brits Noord-Amerika. Ondanks dat ze tijdens de Amerikaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog de kant van de Britten hadden gekozen, kregen \r\n zwarte loyalisten te maken met racistische vijandigheid en aanzienlijke ongelijkheid. Desondanks hielden ze vol en bouwden ze sterke gemeenschappen op, vooral in steden als <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/shelburne\">Shelburne<\/a> en \r\n Birchtown in Nova Scotia. (<em>Zie ook<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-feature\">The Arrival of Black Loyalists in Nova Scotia<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Ierse immigratie (19e eeuw)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Gedurende het midden van de 19e eeuw keerden de koloni\u00ebn \u2014 met name Canada West \u2014 terug naar een patroon van pijnlijk langzame en grillige economische groei. De immigratie vanuit Groot-Brittanni\u00eb werd officieel aangemoedigd en zelfs de VS vulden geleidelijk de betere landbouwgronden \r\n in de kolonie en versterkten nieuwe handels- of administratieve steden. De nieuwe immigranten kwamen over het algemeen overeen met die van de gevestigde gemeenschap. De grote Ierse aardappelhongersnood en, in mindere mate, een reeks mislukte Europese opstanden \r\n in 1848 stuurden echter nieuwe immigrantencohorten naar Noord-Amerika.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/a1d07311-76d4-4add-a712-6cf7e3974330.jpg\" title=\"Ierse immigranten\" alt=\"Ierse immigranten\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31e9a52d-4036-4435-9432-137b0f21fbda.jpg\" title=\"Ierse immigratie\" alt=\"Ierse immigratie\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Van deze tienduizenden migranten waren er velen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">Ieren<\/a> wier aankomst in Canada grote sociale en economische veranderingen teweegbracht. In veel opzichten waren de Ieren Canada&#39;s eerste grote cohort \r\n van overzeese immigranten na de Engelsen en de Fransen. Hoewel de Ieren over het algemeen Engels spraken, weerspiegelden ze niet de sociale, culturele of religieuze waarden van de Anglo-Canadezen. Ze vormden een rooms-katholieke minderheid in een overwegend protestants Canada-West. \r\nIerse katholieken voelden zich echter wat meer thuis bij Frans-Canadezen die hun geloof deelden, maar niet hun taal. De loyaliteit van veel van deze Ierse migranten aan de Britse kroon leek ook verdacht in een Canada waar vurige loyaliteit werd ge\u00ebist als verzekering \r\n tegen de dreiging van Amerikaans republicanisme.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/history-of-agriculture\/\">Na te zijn ontsnapt aan een agrarisch leven waar landbouw synoniem was met armoede en afhankelijkheid, hadden sommige van de door hongersnood geteisterde Ieren weinig of geen enthousiasme voor het boerenleven (zie Geschiedenis van de landbouw).<\/a><\/em> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/railway-history\/\">In plaats daarvan werkten de Ieren seizoensgebonden in het onlangs uitgebreide <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canals-and-inland-waterways\/\">kanaalsysteem<\/a>, de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/timber-trade-history\/\">houtindustrie<\/a> \r\n en het \r\n ontluikende spoorwegnet.<\/a> Vanwege hun minder fortuinlijke sociaaleconomische status en hun verschillende etnische en religieuze identiteiten ontstonden er aparte Ierse wijken in \r\n Canadese steden en grotere steden.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Westerse migratie (19e-begin 20e eeuw)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\/\">Met een relatief laag sterftecijfer, een hoog geboortecijfer en een kleine maar voortdurende migratie vanuit de Britse eilanden, kende het tijdperk direct na de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/confederation\/\">Confederatie<\/a> overbevolkingsproblemen \r\n (zie Bevolking). \r\n<\/a><\/em> Dit probleem werd nog verergerd door de toenemende zeldzaamheid van landbouwgrond.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ondertussen trokken de VS \u2014 met hun schijnbaar grenzeloze aanbod van gratis, vruchtbare grond \u2014 duizenden nieuwe immigranten en Anglo-Canadezen aan. De Amerikaanse industrie trok veel Frans-Canadezen aan om in de fabrieken van New England te werken (<em>zie \r\n<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franco-americans\/\">Franco-Amerikanen<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tegen het einde van de 19e eeuw werden de toekomstige <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prairie\/\">prairieprovincies<\/a> van Canada opengesteld voor vestiging, maar alleen nadat de <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-nations\">First Nations<\/a> - en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/metis\">M\u00e9tis-volkeren<\/a> \u2014 soms met geweld \u2014 van hun land waren verdreven. (<em>Zie ook<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">North-West Rebellion<\/a>.) De grootschalige \r\n migratie nam echter alleen maar toe toen ook de behoefte aan landbouwproducten zoals tarwe toenam.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>De vraag naar landbouwproducten, met name harde tarwe, viel samen met de verkiezing van de regering van <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">Wilfrid Laurier<\/a>, die westerse nederzettingen aanmoedigde met grootschalige immigratie. \r\nDe nieuwe minister van Binnenlandse Zaken van Canada, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">Clifford Sifton<\/a>, organiseerde een vernieuwd en ingrijpend immigratieprogramma. Hij was zelfs bereid, zo niet met tegenzin, \r\n landbouwkolonisten toe te laten uit andere plaatsen dan de Britse eilanden, Noord-Europa en de VS. De bereidheid van Sifton om immigratie open te stellen buiten de traditionele bronnen was echter geen weerspiegeling van het <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">Canadese immigratiebeleid<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Voor Engelssprekende Canadezen is de traditionele definitie van ideale immigranten misschien gewijzigd, maar niet radicaal gewijzigd. De Canadese regering gaf de voorkeur aan blanke Engelssprekende migranten uit het Britse rijk en uit de VS. \r\nTegelijkertijd werd niet-blanke migranten de toegang geweigerd op <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">racistische<\/a> gronden. De ideale immigranten waren Britse of Amerikaanse onafhankelijke boeren die zich in het Westen zouden vestigen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Onder druk van de belangen van het bedrijfsleven en de spoorwegen om de immigratie te verhogen, hebben de immigratieautoriteiten hun etnische angsten afgewogen tegen een hectische zoektocht naar kolonisten. Ze noemden ideale kolonisten met een dalende voorkeur. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">Britse en Amerikaanse landbouwers \r\n werden gevolgd door Fransen, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">Belgen, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">Nederlanders<\/a>, Scandinavi\u00ebrs<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">Zwitsers<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">Finnen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">Russen<\/a>, Oostenrijks-Hongaren (<em>zie<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">Oostenrijkers<\/a>; \r\n Hongaren), Duitsers, Oekra\u00efners en Polen. \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">Bijna onderaan de lijst stonden degenen die, zowel bij het publiek als bij de regering, minder assimileerbaar en minder begeerlijk waren, zoals <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">Italianen<\/a>, Zuid-Slaven, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">Grieken<\/a> en Syri\u00ebrs (<em>zie<\/em> Arabische Canadezen).<\/a> Helemaal onderaan kwamen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Joden<\/a>, \r\n Aziaten, Roma en \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">zwarte mensen<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ottawa had echter niet de enige stem als het op immigratie aankwam. De <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>Britse Noord-Amerikaanse wet<\/em><\/a> gaf de provincies ook een stem in immigratie \r\n als ze daarvoor kozen. Quebec was daar bijzonder in ge\u00efnteresseerd en richtte een eigen immigratiedienst op. Dit was deels een reactie op de uitbreiding van Engelstalig Canada en in een poging om de migratie van jongeren op het platteland van \r\n Quebec naar New England tegen te gaan, zo niet om te keren. In samenwerking met de federale autoriteiten werden immigratieagenten naar New England gestuurd om Franse Canadezen aan te moedigen naar huis terug te keren om nieuwe maar marginale landbouwgronden te bezetten. Het programma had slechts beperkt succes, \r\n maar Quebec bleef betrokken bij het beheer van zijn eigen immigratieprioriteiten.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migranten en stedelijke centra<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Ondanks de voorzorgsmaatregelen van de overheid hebben niet alle immigranten zich ingezet voor de exploitatie van hulpbronnen of voor de landbouw. Net als de Ieren v\u00f3\u00f3r hen wezen veel niet-Engelssprekende en grotendeels niet-protestantse immigranten een ge\u00efsoleerd leven op het platteland af en kozen ze ervoor \r\n om in steden te werken. Bovendien zagen veel van deze migranten zichzelf slechts tijdelijk in Canada of Noord-Amerika wonen. Sommigen probeerden genoeg geld te verdienen om thuis een stuk land te kopen, een bruidsschat voor een zuster samen te stellen of een familieschuld af te betalen. \r\nDe velen die de Noord-Amerikaanse definities van succes hebben aangenomen of die vanwege politieke omwentelingen niet naar huis konden terugkeren, vestigden zich echter in Canada. Indien mogelijk namen ze hun vrouwen en kinderen mee om zich bij hen te voegen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"Werknemers van het immigratiecentrum, Quebec, circa 1911 \" alt=\"Werknemers van het immigratiecentrum, Quebec, circa 1911 \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Migranten van steeds diverser wordende afkomst begonnen naar Canada te migreren, waaronder <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">Macedoni\u00ebrs<\/a>, Russen, Finnen en Chinezen.<\/a> Veel van deze nieuwe migranten waren naar Canada toegelaten om te voorzien in de behoefte aan goedkope arbeidskrachten of een pool van geschoolde vakmensen voor fabrieks- of bouwwerkzaamheden. Sommigen werkten in de mijnbouw of houtkap, anderen, zoals de Chinezen, werkten aan de voltooiing van de \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-pacific-railway\">Canadian Pacific Railway<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">Velen vestigden zich in de grote steden zoals <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">Montreal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">Winnipeg<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">Toronto<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hamilton\/\">Hamilton<\/a> en Vancouver.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">Deze immigranten werden echter geconfronteerd met etnische en religieuze angsten \r\n en vooroordelen die voorheen enkel voorbehouden waren aan de Ieren.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>De komst van migranten met drastisch verschillende culturele achtergronden leidde bij veel Canadezen tot racistische vijandigheid. Sommige Canadezen reageerden met een waardige tolerantie. Ze erkenden dat deze buitenlanders hier waren om te blijven, dat hun arbeid \r\n en vaardigheden noodzakelijk waren en dat hun levensomstandigheden aan verbetering onderhevig waren. Immigranten speelden een cruciale economische rol in stedelijke centra: ze legden <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">trams<\/a> aan, \r\n werkten in de groeiende <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">textielfabrieken<\/a> en het graven van rioleringen. Toch eisten veel Canadezen een strengere controle op immigratie langs etnische of raciale \r\n lijnen. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigratie en racisme<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Het Canadese immigratiebeleid en de Canadese regering hadden zich gebogen voor economische noodzaak door enkele migranten naar Canada toe te laten. Dat deed ze echter slechts met tegenzin. Al snel werden restrictieve immigratiecontroles ingevoerd om immigratie langs etnische \r\n en raciale lijnen te stoppen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"Chinees immigratiecertificaat\" alt=\"Chinees immigratiecertificaat\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Vooral Chinese migratie was het doelwit. Maatregelen zoals de Chinese <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">hoofdbelasting<\/a>, landingsbelastingen, bilaterale beperkingsovereenkomsten en andere reisbeperkingen hebben de Chinese immigratie naar Canada \r\n vrijwel verboden. (<em>Zie ook<\/em> de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">Chinese immigratiewet<\/a>.) De Canadese autoriteiten weigerden ook de vestiging van vrouwelijke \r\n Chinese immigranten toe te staan. De regering vreesde dat dit Chinese mannen, die tijdelijk in Canada waren als spoorweg- of mijnwerkers, zou aanmoedigen om zich definitief te vestigen. Er bestond wijdverbreide racistische angst voor een zogenaamd \u201egeel gevaar\u201d dat het morele weefsel van de Canadese \r\n samenleving in gevaar zou brengen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1914 kwijnden bijna 400 Indiase migranten aan boord van het schip <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>Komagata Maru<\/em><\/a> weg in de haven van Vancouver, terwijl de Canadese autoriteiten discussieerden over wat ze ermee moesten doen. \r\nOndanks dat ze onderdanen waren van het Britse Rijk, hadden de passagiers de racistische beperkingen van Canada op de Zuid-Aziatische migratie aan het licht gebracht. De nieuwe Canadese marine, die voor het eerst in actie kwam, begeleidde het schip vanaf de Canadese wateren, terwijl veel inwoners van Vancouver vanaf de kust \r\n goedkeurend juichten. Veel van de passagiers zouden later omkomen als ze terug in India waren.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tijdens de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">Eerste Wereldoorlog<\/a> brak in Canada anti-Duitse hysterie uit. Deze xenofobe vijandigheid was grotendeels gericht tegen mensen die banden hadden met vijandige landen. Hoewel \r\n buitenlanders met banden met landen die gelieerd zijn aan Canada ook het doelwit waren. Ondanks de Canadese militaire behoefte aan mankracht, waren zowel de Britse als de Canadese autoriteiten van mening dat buitenlanders waar mogelijk thuishoorden in buitenlandse legers. Groepen zoals Italianen, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/serbs\/\">Servi\u00ebrs<\/a>, Polen en sommige Joden werden aangemoedigd om terug te keren naar de legers van hun moederland of werden gerekruteerd in specifieke Britse legereenheden die gereserveerd waren voor geallieerde buitenlanders van verschillende afkomst. \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-army\">Zonder eigen nationale legers hebben veel Joden, Macedoni\u00ebrs en Oekra\u00efners zich vrijwillig aangemeld voor het Canadese leger.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1910-11 deden geruchten de ronde dat een groep zwarte mensen zich voorbereidde om naar centraal Alberta te migreren. Afstammelingen van mensen die voorheen tot slaaf waren gemaakt, werden van hun land op het grondgebied van Oklahoma verdreven, waar ze bezit hadden gekregen en hoopten een nieuw leven op \r\n te bouwen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>De publieke en politieke reactie in Alberta was onmiddellijk en voorspelbaar. De federale autoriteiten hebben een ingenieus eenvoudige regeling ge\u00efnitieerd. Niets in de <em>immigratiewet verbood<\/em> zwarte Amerikanen specifiek, maar elke immigrant zou op grond van de medische bepalingen van de wet effectief de \r\n toegang tot Canada kunnen worden ontzegd om gezondheidsredenen. De regering heeft alleen de immigratie-inspecteurs en hun medische assistenten langs de Amerikaanse grens opgedragen om alle zwarten om medische redenen af te wijzen als ongeschikt voor toelating. Er was \r\n geen hoger beroep. Zwarten werden gewaarschuwd dat ze hun tijd en geld niet moesten verspillen door te overwegen om naar Canada te emigreren. (<em>Zie ook<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deemed-unsuitable-black-pioneers-in-western-canada-feature\">Order-in-Council P.C<\/a>. 1911\u20141324.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Als gevolg van de verwoestende economische ineenstorting als gevolg van de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/great-depression\/\">Grote Depressie<\/a> werd de immigratiebenadering van de regering verhard. De immigratieautoriteiten zijn overgestapt op \r\n het actief voorkomen van migratie naar Canada. In 1933 regeerde Hitler over Duitsland, en miljoenen politieke tegenstanders en Joden hadden het misschien overleefd als Canada of andere landen onschuldige slachtoffers een thuis hadden aangeboden. Hoewel veel Canadezen op de \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">vluchtelingen<\/a> reageerden met een mengeling van sympathie voor hun wanhopige toestand en verlegenheid over het gebrek aan overheidssteun, reageerden anderen, waaronder het federale kabinet, velen in het diplomatieke korps \r\n en de immigratiebeleidsmakers, met ongerustheid op elke druk om Joden of politieke vluchtelingen op te nemen die Duitsland ontvluchtten. Als gevolg hiervan konden maar weinig vluchtelingen de Canadese immigratiebeperkingen omzeilen. (<em>Zie ook<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">mevrouw St. Louis<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Raciale en etnische barri\u00e8res wegnemen<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Aan het einde van de oorlog in 1945 bleven de Canadese immigratieregels ongewijzigd ten opzichte van de restrictieve vooroorlogse jaren. Maar verandering liet niet lang op zich wachten. Gedreven door een naoorlogse economische bloei, een groeiende arbeidsmarkt en de daaruit voortvloeiende vraag naar arbeid, \r\n opende Canada geleidelijk zijn deuren voor Europese immigratie. In eerste instantie gaf Canada traditioneel de voorkeur aan immigranten \u2014 die uit het Verenigd Koninkrijk en West-Europa \u2014 maar uiteindelijk ook boven de rest van Europa. Met het uitbreken van de Koude Oorlog kwam de immigratie \r\n uit Oost-Europa echter tot stilstand. De grenzen in het westen werden gesloten door de Sovjet-Unie en haar bondgenoten. Grote aantallen immigranten kwamen echter Canada binnen vanuit Zuid-Europa, met name Itali\u00eb, Griekenland en Portugal.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"Nederlandse immigranten komen aan in Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Nederlandse immigranten komen aan in Qu\u00e9bec\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>In tegenstelling tot de immigratie van voorgaande decennia, werd de naoorlogse immigratie niet uitsluitend naar de landbouw- of op het platteland gebaseerde winningsindustrie\u00ebn gestroomd. Canada kwam uit de Tweede Wereldoorlog voort als een stedelijke, industri\u00eble macht, en veel naoorlogse immigranten vervulden \r\n al snel banen in de productie- en bouwsector. Sommige hebben bijgedragen aan de uitbreiding van de stadsinfrastructuur, terwijl andere \u2014 zoals de hoger opgeleide immigranten \u2014 tegemoetkwamen aan de grote vraag naar geschoolde en geschoolde professionals.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>De Canadese immigratie onderging in de naoorlogse jaren nog andere dramatische veranderingen. Canadese regeringen, federaal en provinciaal, gaven langzaam toe aan de druk \r\n van een eerdere generatie immigranten en hun kinderen om de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/human-rights\/\">mensenrechten<\/a> te hervormen. De nu goed ge\u00efntegreerde immigranten, die steeds meer uit de middenklasse en politiek actiever werden, hadden tijdens de oorlog samen met andere Canadezen offers gebracht; als zodanig \r\n weigerden ze in de naoorlogse tijd om een tweederangsstatus aan te nemen in een land dat ze hadden geholpen te beschermen. Gesteund door gelijkgestemde Canadezen hekelden ze de etnische en rassendiscriminatie tegen hen en eisten ze een hervorming van de mensenrechten. Ze dwongen regeringen om wetten uit te vaardigen tegen \r\n discriminatie op grond van ras, religie en afkomst op gebieden als werkgelegenheid, huisvesting en onderwijs. En net toen Canada discriminatie in eigen land illegaal maakte, besloot de regering om raciale, religieuze of etnische barri\u00e8res voor Canadese immigratie geleidelijk \r\n op te heffen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tegen het einde van de jaren zestig was openlijke rassendiscriminatie in het immigratiebeleid verdwenen uit de Canadese immigratiewet- en regelgeving. Dit opende de deuren van Canada voor veel van degenen die voorheen op basis \r\n van ras of etniciteit als \u201eongewenst\u201d zouden zijn afgewezen. In 1971 was voor het eerst in de Canadese geschiedenis de meerderheid van degenen die naar Canada emigreerden van niet-Europese afkomst. Dit is sindsdien elk jaar het geval.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigratiepuntensysteem<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Dat betekent niet dat iedereen die Canada wil binnenkomen, dat mag doen. Hoewel de beperkingen op grond van ras of nationale afkomst verdwenen zijn, hanteert Canada nog steeds strikte criteria om te bepalen wie wel en wie niet een wenselijke kandidaat is voor Canadese toelating. \r\nAan het einde van de jaren zestig introduceerde Canada een puntensysteem om op verdiensten gebaseerde normen vast te stellen voor personen die een aanvraag indienen om naar Canada te emigreren.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Volgens dit systeem krijgt elke sollicitant punten voor leeftijd, opleiding, bekwaamheid om Engels of Frans te spreken en de vraag naar de beroepsvaardigheden van die specifieke sollicitant. Als een aanvrager in goede gezondheid verkeerde en over een goed karakter beschikte en niet alleen voldoende punten had gescoord, \r\n werd hij samen met zijn echtgenoot en kinderen ten laste toegelaten. Degenen die niet genoeg punten hadden gescoord, werd de toegang geweigerd. Meer recentelijk heeft Canada zijn procedures aangepast om de voorkeur te geven aan de toelating van onafhankelijke, geschoolde \r\n en onmiddellijk inzetbare immigranten.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Eenmaal gevestigd in Canada, krijgen de meeste nieuwkomers \u2014 nu een \u201elandimmigrant\u201d genoemd \u2014 alle rechten van een Canadees staatsburger, met name het <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">stemrecht<\/a>. Na een bepaald \r\n aantal jaren in Canada te hebben gewoond (momenteel drie van de vijf jaar), kan elke gelande immigrant het Canadese staatsburgerschap aanvragen. Daarnaast kunnen landimmigranten, net als Canadese staatsburgers, ook een aanvraag indienen om de toelating tot Canada te sponsoren van naaste \r\n familieleden die anders misschien niet zouden kunnen voldoen aan strenge Canadese toelatingscriteria. De sponsor moet ermee instemmen ervoor te zorgen dat iemand die naar Canada wordt gebracht geen economische last wordt voor de Canadese samenleving. Jarenlang vormden gesponsorde families van degenen die \r\n al in Canada waren de grootste groep van degenen die in Canada waren toegelaten. (<em>Zie<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">Gezinshereniging in Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Migratie van vluchtelingen na 1945<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Sinds het einde van de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Tweede Wereldoorlog zijn vluchtelingen en anderen die door oorlog<\/a> en geweld zijn onteigend, een belangrijk onderdeel van de Canadese immigratiestroom geworden. In het naoorlogse tekort aan \r\n arbeidskrachten heeft Canada tienduizenden ontheemden toegelaten. Velen waren door de oorlog dakloos geworden of bevonden zich aan het einde van de oorlog buiten hun land van staatsburgerschap, waarnaar ze weigerden terug te keren. Onder de ontheemden \r\n bevonden zich Joodse overlevenden van de Holocaust die geen gemeenschap of familie hadden waar ze naar terug konden keren. Andere ontheemden weigerden repatri\u00ebring terug te keren naar landen die onder de Sovjetoverheersing waren gevallen. Velen vestigden zich in Canada, waar ze een nieuw leven opbouwden.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In de jaren zestig en zeventig reageerde Canada ook op de situatie van vluchtelingen uit andere landen die onder dictaturen stonden. In de nasleep van de mislukte Hongaarse opstand van 1956 en de verplettering van de politieke hervormingen in Tsjechoslowakije door de \r\n Sovjet-Unie in 1968 vluchtten vluchtelingen naar het westen. Canada reageerde door zijn normale immigratieprocedures opzij te zetten om zijn deel van de vluchtelingen toe te laten. In de jaren die volgden, heeft Canada opnieuw speciale voorzieningen getroffen voor vluchtelingen uit politieke omwentelingen in \r\n Oeganda, Chili en elders. (<em>Zie ook<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/latin-americans\/\">Latijns-Amerikanen<\/a>.) In elk van deze gevallen werden de vluchtelingen toegelaten als uitzondering op de immigratieregels en zonder alle gebruikelijke immigratieprocedures te \r\n volgen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1978 vaardigde Canada een nieuwe <em>immigratiewet<\/em> uit die voor het eerst de toewijding van Canada aan de hervestiging van vluchtelingen uit onderdrukking bevestigde. Namelijk personen die een gegronde angst hebben voor vervolging in hun land van staatsburgerschap. \r\nBijgevolg zouden vluchtelingen niet langer worden toegelaten tot Canada als uitzondering op de immigratievoorschriften. De toelating van vluchtelingen was nu onderdeel van de Canadese immigratiewet en -regelgeving. Maar de toelating van vluchtelingen is controversieel en moeilijk te \r\n beheren gebleven. (<em>Zie ook<\/em> het <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Canadese vluchtelingenbeleid<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"Vietnamese vluchtelingen in Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Vietnamese vluchtelingen in Qu\u00e9bec\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Het eerste grote hervestigingsprogramma voor vluchtelingen in het kader van deze nieuwe wetgeving was in het begin van de jaren tachtig, toen Canada het voortouw nam in de westerse wereld bij het verwelkomen van Zuidoost-Aziatische vluchtelingen en met name vluchtelingen uit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">Vietnam<\/a>, \r\n vaak aangeduid als de \u201ebootmensen\u201d. Veel van de bootbewoners werden geselecteerd uit degenen die in kleine bootjes uit Vietnam waren ontsnapt en uiteindelijk in vluchtelingenkampen in Thailand of Hong Kong terechtkwamen in afwachting van permanente huisvesting. (<em>Zie ook<\/em> de \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-boat-people-refugee-crisis\">Canadese reactie op de vluchtelingencrisis van \u201eBoat People\u201d<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sommige mensen die bescherming zoeken, worden niet geselecteerd door immigratieambtenaren, maar komen in plaats daarvan naar Canada om de vluchtelingenstatus aan te vragen. Deze \u201e&quot; asielzoekers &quot;\u201d kwamen soms naar Canada nadat ze waren uitgestapt van vluchten tussen Oost-Europa en Cuba die landden \r\n om te tanken in Gander, Newfoundland.\u201d Velen van hen probeerden te ontsnappen aan de verschrikkingen van oorlog en vervolging in Midden-Amerika, Afrika, het Midden-Oosten, het Indiase subcontinent en China om een toevluchtsoord te zoeken in Canada. Eenmaal in Canada moeten asielzoekers \r\n aan Canadese functionarissen bewijzen dat ze in hun thuisland worden vervolgd. Als de vluchtelingenstatus wordt toegekend, mogen ze in Canada blijven; anders kunnen eisers worden uitgezet.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Immigratie aan het einde van de 20e eeuw<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>In de jaren tachtig groeide het aantal mensen dat Canada binnenkwam om de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">vluchtelingenstatus<\/a> aan te vragen, en het Canadese besluitvormingsproces was moeilijk om sollicitanten snel te behandelen. Ook \r\n werden asielzoekers niet algemeen verwelkomd door Canadezen. Sommige Canadezen waren bang dat veel van de asielzoekers niet echt legitieme vluchtelingen waren, maar individuen die op zoek waren naar een manier om de strenge Canadese immigratieregels te omzeilen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>De vluchtelingenkwestie werd aan het eind van de jaren tachtig op dramatische wijze onder de aandacht gebracht bij Canadezen, toen twee schepen hun respectieve ladingen van Sikhs (<em>zie<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sikhism\/\">Sikhisme<\/a>) en \r\n Tamil-vluchtelingen illegaal strandden aan de oostkust van Canada. Te midden van sterk overdreven angst dat Canada op het punt stond \u201eoverspoeld\u201d te worden met vluchtelingen, begonnen het Parlement en de immigratieautoriteiten de regelgeving en procedures voor vluchtelingen aan te scherpen. Het resultaat is een voortdurende \r\n stroomlijning of verharding van het Canadese proces voor de vaststelling van vluchtelingen. De Canadese autoriteiten hebben ook nauw samengewerkt met andere landen en transportbedrijven om het moeilijker te maken voor personen die een vluchtelingenclaim zouden kunnen indienen om Canada te \r\n bereiken. Sommige Canadezen zijn bezorgd dat deze veranderingen betekenen dat sommige legitieme vluchtelingen nu een toevluchtsoord wordt ontzegd waar ze volgens het internationaal recht recht op hebben.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Aan het einde van de jaren tachtig en het begin van de jaren negentig opende Canada, zelfs toen het de toegang van potenti\u00eble asielzoekers wilde voorkomen, nieuwe wegen voor andere immigranten met inzetbare vaardigheden of aanzienlijke financi\u00eble middelen. Vanaf de \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\/\">conservatieve<\/a> regering van <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">Brian Mulroney<\/a> werden mensen met kapitaal of vaardigheden die nodig waren om te investeren \r\n en een bedrijf te starten in Canada uitgenodigd om Canadese immigratie aan te vragen. Het idee was dat deze initiatieven zouden bijdragen aan het cre\u00ebren van werkgelegenheid en rijkdom in Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Als gevolg hiervan steeg het aantal ondernemers- of zakelijke immigranten dramatisch, tot 6% van alle immigranten die Canada binnenkwamen. Een groot aantal immigranten uit de ondernemersklasse kwam uit Hong Kong, velen zochten een veilige haven voor zichzelf, \r\n hun families en hun bezittingen voorafgaand aan de Chinese overname van Hong Kong in 1997. Het was logisch dat velen gehoor gaven aan de uitnodiging van Canada en de mogelijkheden die werden geboden voor kapitaalinvesteringen in Canada. Als gevolg hiervan werd Canada een uitstekende \r\n bestemming voor Hong Kong en andere Chinese immigranten en voor vliegkapitaal. Tussen 1981 en 1983 investeerden Chinese immigranten $1,1 miljard in de Canadese economie. De immigratie van Hongkong en andere Chinezen is vooral uitgesproken in grotere \r\n stedelijke gebieden zoals Vancouver en Toronto, waar de Chinese gemeenschap nu de grootste immigrantengroep vormt. De meeste van deze immigranten uit de ondernemersklasse kwamen echter niet in het Engels of Frans aan, en dit was voor de Canadese regering aanleiding om strengere taalvereisten in \r\n te voeren voor degenen die naar Canada kwamen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>De immigratie uit Afrika (voornamelijk uit Zuid-Afrika, Tanzania, Ethiopi\u00eb, Kenia, Ghana, Oeganda en Nigeria) groeide ook in de jaren tachtig en negentig. Sommige van deze nieuwkomers waren professionals met academische kwalificaties die op zoek waren naar betere arbeidsomstandigheden in Canada. \r\nDe overgrote meerderheid bestond echter uit vluchtelingen die op de vlucht waren voor oorlog, hongersnood en politieke en economische instabiliteit in hun land van herkomst.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Met de economische vertraging van de jaren negentig kwam de Canadese immigratie opnieuw naar voren als onderwerp van publiek debat. Dit was niet meer dan normaal, gezien de aanhoudende impact van immigratie op de Canadese samenleving. Terwijl veel economen beweren dat Canada, met zijn relatief lage \r\n geboortecijfer en vergrijzende bevolking, de infusie van bevolking, energie, vaardigheden, kapitaal en koopkracht nodig heeft die immigranten naar Canada brengen. Sommigen blijven echter twijfelen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Aangezien immigranten van niet-Europese afkomst een grote meerderheid uitmaken van degenen die Canada binnenkomen, hebben sommige Canadezen hun bezorgdheid geuit over het veranderende karakter van stedelijk Canada. Veel van deze vooroordelen jegens Canadezen van andere etnische en raciale \r\n afkomst zijn echter vaak overdreven en schaden minderheidsgemeenschappen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Het publieke debat over immigratie in Canada is burgerlijk gebleven en is zeker vrij geweest van het soort geweld dat de komst van grote aantallen immigranten in Frankrijk en Duitsland heeft uitgelokt.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Canadese immigratie sinds 11 september 2001<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Als rechtstreeks gevolg van de gebeurtenissen van 11 september 2001, de terroristische dreiging en veiligheidskwesties heeft Canada zijn immigratiebeleid aangescherpt. (<em>Zie ook<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11 en Canada<\/a>.) \r\nIn 2002 werd de <em>Immigration and Refugee Protection Act<\/em> (IRPA) aangenomen. De nieuwe wet verving de <em>immigratiewet<\/em> van 1976. Het maakte de immigratie naar Canada met name moeilijker, ook voor vluchtelingen. De <em>wet<\/em> maakte het echter ook \r\n gemakkelijker voor mensen in common law-relaties of relaties van hetzelfde geslacht om Canada binnen te komen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada&#39;s hardere houding ten aanzien van vluchtelingenmigratie kwam tot uiting in de manier waarop het Tamil-asielzoekers behandelde in 2009-2010. Velen werden gezien als &#39;nepvluchtelingen&#39; en werden ondanks het feit dat ze legitieme vluchtelingen waren, gevangengezet. Veel Canadezen reageerden op dezelfde manier op asielzoekers die illegaal de \r\n grens tussen de VS en Canada overstaken om bescherming te zoeken in Canada. (<em>Zie ook<\/em> de overeenkomst <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">tussen Canada en de Verenigde Staten over een veilig derde land<\/a>.) \r\nDit ondanks het feit dat het een internationaal erkend mensenrecht is om asiel aan te vragen in een ander land.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Deze houding stond in schril contrast met de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">Canadese reactie op de Syrische vluchtelingencrisis<\/a>. Tussen 2015 en 2017 hervatte Canada snel \r\n 54.000 Syrische vluchtelingen. Hoewel dit aantal groter was dan die van de VS, verbleekte de bijdrage van Canada in vergelijking met andere landen zoals Duitsland, Libanon, Turkije en Zweden.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Moderne immigratie naar Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada ontvangt jaarlijks een aanzienlijk aantal immigranten. Van 2001 tot 2014 vestigden zich jaarlijks gemiddeld ongeveer 249.500 landimmigranten in Canada. In 2015 werden meer dan 271.800 migranten toegelaten, terwijl dit aantal in 2016 steeg tot meer dan 296.300\r\n.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tussen 2016 en 2021 verwelkomde Canada iets meer dan 1,3 miljoen immigranten. Uit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">volkstellingsgegevens<\/a> uit 2021 blijkt dat migranten uit India, de Filippijnen en China \r\n de drie meest talrijke groepen van recente immigranten waren die in Canada aankwamen. Ongeveer 18,6 procent van de recente immigranten is geboren in India, 11,4 procent in de Filippijnen en 8,9 procent in China. (<em>Zie<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">Zuid-Aziatische Canadezen; \r\n Filipijnse Canadezen<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">Chinese<\/a> Canadezen<\/a>.) Andere grote groepen immigranten waren afkomstig uit Syri\u00eb \r\n (4,8 procent), Nigeria (3 procent), de Verenigde Staten (3 procent), Pakistan (2,7 procent), Frankrijk (2 procent), Iran (1,9 procent) en het Verenigd Koninkrijk (1,7 procent).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>Doe de quiz!<\/strong> \r\n<br>Test je kennis van multiculturalisme in Canada door <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">deze quiz te doen<\/a>, aangeboden door de Citizenship Challenge! De Citizenship \r\n Challenge, een programma van Historica Canada, nodigt Canadezen uit om hun nationale kennis te testen door een <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">proefexamen voor staatsburgerschap af te leggen<\/a>, evenals andere thema-quizzen.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>De overgrote meerderheid van de nieuwkomers (88,7 procent) vestigde zich in vier provincies: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">Ontario<\/a> (44 procent), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">Quebec<\/a> (15,3 \r\n procent), <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">British Columbia<\/a> (14,9%) en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">Alberta<\/a> (14,5 procent). De meesten van hen wonen ook in de grote \r\n stedelijke centra van deze provincies, zoals <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">Toronto<\/a> (29,5 procent), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">Montreal<\/a> (12,2 procent) en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">Vancouver<\/a> (11,7 procent). Alleen al in deze drie steden wordt meer dan de helft van alle recente immigranten opgevangen. Dit percentage is echter gedaald omdat immigranten zich in andere stedelijke centra vestigden.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Volgens de volkstelling van 2021 maakten Canadezen die oorspronkelijk buiten Canada geboren waren 23 procent (8,3 miljoen mensen) van de Canadese bevolking uit, een recordaantal sinds 1921. Canada heeft het hoogste percentage immigranten van de G7-landen. (<em>Zie<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">Canada en de G7<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Het moderne Canada is gebouwd op de migratie en bijdragen van veel immigrantengroepen, te beginnen met de eerste Franse kolonisten, via nieuwkomers uit het Verenigd Koninkrijk, Centraal-Europa, het Caribisch gebied en Afrika, tot immigranten uit Azi\u00eb en het \r\n Midden-Oosten. Hoewel de uitdagingen van <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">racisme<\/a> en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">discriminatie<\/a> blijven bestaan, blijft de Canadese samenleving \r\n over het algemeen openstaan voor immigratie. Bovendien staat de bijdrage van veel immigranten aan de Canadese samenleving en de wens om bij te dragen aan de opbouw van een betere samenleving op Canadese bodem onomstreden.<\/p>","slug":"immigratie","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"nl","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-14T19:17:18.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-14T19:17:18.000000Z"},{"id":"9de9d122-587d-4e8e-a602-140cea1c8d92","article_id":"76085","title":"Immigration to Canada [\u0a15\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28]","summary":"<p>\u0a2a\u0a41\u0a28\u0a30-\u0a35\u0a38\u0a24\u0a40 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a09\u0a26\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a32\u0a08 \u0a07\u0a71\u0a15 \u0a26\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a05\u0a15\u0a24\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a26\u0a42\u0a1c\u0a47 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a06\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a08 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a07\u0a24\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a38 \u0a26\u0a3e \u0a15\u0a47\u0a02\u0a26\u0a30\u0a40 \u0a39\u0a48. \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a15\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a23\u0a40 \u0a15\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a2c\u0a71\u0a27 \u0a06\u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a26\u0a40 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a35\u0a3e\u0a27\u0a47 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a28\u0a39\u0a40\u0a02 \u0a39\u0a48; \u0a07\u0a38 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a2c\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a0f, \u0a07\u0a39 \u0a06\u0a30\u0a25\u0a3f\u0a15 \r\n \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a38 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a28\u0a3e\u0a32-\u0a28\u0a3e\u0a32 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a30\u0a35\u0a71\u0a08\u0a0f \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a15\u0a26\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a15\u0a40\u0a2e\u0a24\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a47 \u0a39\u0a48 - \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a07\u0a71\u0a15 \u0a30\u0a39\u0a3f\u0a70\u0a26\u0a40 \u0a39\u0a48. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u0a07\u0a71\u0a15 \u0a2c\u0a39\u0a41\u0a38\u0a2d\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a1a\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a15 \u0a38\u0a2e\u0a3e\u0a1c \u0a2c\u0a23\u0a3e\u0a09\u0a23 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a2f\u0a4b\u0a17\u0a26\u0a3e\u0a28 \u0a2a\u0a3e\u0a09\u0a23 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a35\u0a1c\u0a42\u0a26 \u0a07\u0a39 \u0a05\u0a15\u0a38\u0a30 \u0a2c\u0a47\u0a1a\u0a48\u0a28 \u0a06\u0a30\u0a25\u0a3f\u0a15 \u0a24\u0a4c\u0a30 &#39;\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a38\u0a35\u0a48-\u0a38\u0a47\u0a35\u0a3e \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a28\u0a38\u0a32\u0a40 \u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a38\u0a32\u0a40 \u0a24\u0a4c\u0a30 &#39;\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a24\u0a15\u0a30\u0a47 \u0a35\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a3e \u0a30\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a3e \u0a39\u0a48 (\u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47<\/a> \u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 \u0a28\u0a40\u0a24\u0a40 <em>\u0a35\u0a47\u0a16<\/em> \u0a4b; \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a32\u0a08 \u0a38\u0a3c\u0a30\u0a28\u0a3e\u0a30 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u0a25<\/a> \u0a40).<\/a> \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 \u0a28\u0a47 \u0a09\u0a28\u0a4d\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a1c\u0a71\u0a26\u0a40 \u0a1c\u0a3c \r\n \u0a2e\u0a40\u0a28\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a38\u0a35\u0a26\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a40 \u0a32\u0a4b\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a28\u0a3f <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u0a2a\u0a1f\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a3e \u0a15\u0a30\u0a28 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a<\/a> \u0a35\u0a40 \u0a2f\u0a4b\u0a17\u0a26\u0a3e\u0a28 \u0a2a\u0a3e\u0a07\u0a06 \u0a39\u0a48.<\/p><p>(\u0a07\u0a39 \u0a32\u0a47\u0a16 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 \u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a42\u0a30\u0a40 \u0a32\u0a70\u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a08 \u0a35\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a3e \u0a2a\u0a3e\u0a20 \u0a39\u0a48. \u0a1c\u0a47 \u0a24\u0a41\u0a38\u0a40\u0a02 \u0a38\u0a3e\u0a27\u0a3e\u0a30-\u0a2d\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a3e \u0a26\u0a3e \u0a38\u0a70\u0a16\u0a47\u0a2a \u0a2a\u0a5c\u0a4d\u0a39\u0a28\u0a3e \u0a1a\u0a3e\u0a39\u0a41\u0a70\u0a26\u0a47 \u0a39\u0a4b, \u0a24\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a15\u0a3f\u0a30\u0a2a\u0a3e \u0a15\u0a30\u0a15\u0a47 \u0a15\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 (\u0a38\u0a3e\u0a27\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a28-\u0a2d\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a3e \u0a38\u0a70\u0a16\u0a47\u0a2a)<\/a> \u0a35\u0a47\u0a16\u0a4b.)<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"\u0a17\u0a48\u0a32\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 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src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"\u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\" alt=\"\u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"\u0a06\u0a16\u0a30\u0a40 \u0a2c\u0a48\u0a38\u0a1f \u0a35\u0a48\u0a38\u0a1f\" alt=\"\u0a06\u0a16\u0a30\u0a40 \u0a2c\u0a48\u0a38\u0a1f \u0a35\u0a48\u0a38\u0a1f\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0a28\u0a3f\u0a0a \u0a2b\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a02\u0a38 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 (16 \u0a35\u0a40\u0a02 \u2014 18 \u0a35\u0a40\u0a02 \u0a38\u0a26\u0a40)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>17 \u0a35\u0a40\u0a02 \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 18 \u0a35\u0a40\u0a02 \u0a38\u0a26\u0a40 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a26\u0a3e\u0a24\u0a30 \u0a39\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a38\u0a47 \u0a26\u0a4c\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a28, \u0a2f\u0a42\u0a30\u0a2a\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a2c\u0a38\u0a24\u0a40\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a26\u0a40 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a28, \u0a1c\u0a3f\u0a28\u0a4d\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a2c\u0a23 \u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a35\u0a47\u0a17\u0a3e \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a28\u0a3f\u0a17\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a28\u0a40 \u0a15\u0a30\u0a28 \u0a26\u0a3e \u0a26\u0a4b\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a32\u0a17\u0a3e\u0a07\u0a06, \u0a28\u0a47 \u0a2c\u0a70\u0a26\u0a4b\u0a2c\u0a38\u0a24 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a24\u0a30\u0a1c\u0a40\u0a39 \u0a28\u0a39\u0a40\u0a02 \u0a2e\u0a70\u0a28\u0a3f\u0a06. \u0a2b\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a48\u0a02\u0a1a \u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a2c\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a1f\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a38\u0a30\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a38\u0a3c\u0a41\u0a30\u0a42 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a2c\u0a70\u0a26\u0a4b\u0a2c\u0a38\u0a24 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a09\u0a24\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a3e\u0a39\u0a24 \u0a15\u0a30\u0a28 \u0a32\u0a08 \u0a2c\u0a39\u0a41\u0a24 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">\u0a2e\u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a2c\u0a42\u0a24 \u0a15\u0a40\u0a24\u0a3e.<\/a> \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a02\u0a15\u0a3f \u0a2c\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a1f\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a1c\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a24 \u0a28\u0a47 \u0a2b\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a02\u0a38 \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a38\u0a40\u0a2e\u0a24 \u0a15\u0a40\u0a24\u0a3e (\u0a15\u0a28\u0a47 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-immigration-in-canada\">\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a2b\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a48\u0a02\u0a1a \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47<\/a> \u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 <em>\u0a35\u0a40 \u0a35\u0a47\u0a16<\/em> \u0a4b), \u0a07\u0a38 \u0a28\u0a47 \u0a24\u0a41\u0a30\u0a70\u0a24 \u0a35\u0a71\u0a21\u0a40 \u0a17\u0a3f \r\n \u0a23\u0a24\u0a40 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a05\u0a70\u0a17\u0a30\u0a47\u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a40 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src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/a1d07311-76d4-4add-a712-6cf7e3974330.jpg\" title=\"\u0a06\u0a07\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\" alt=\"\u0a06\u0a07\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31e9a52d-4036-4435-9432-137b0f21fbda.jpg\" title=\"\u0a06\u0a07\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\" alt=\"\u0a06\u0a07\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0a07\u0a28\u0a4d\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a39\u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a\u0a4b\u0a02, \u0a2c\u0a39\u0a41\u0a24 \u0a38\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a47 \u0a06\u0a07\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a38\u0a28 \u0a1c\u0a3f\u0a28\u0a4d\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a02 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">\u0a26\u0a47 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(\u0a09\u0a71\u0a24\u0a30- <em>\u0a2a\u0a71\u0a1b\u0a2e\u0a40<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">\u0a2c\u0a17\u0a3e\u0a35\u0a24 \u0a35\u0a40<\/a> \u0a35\u0a47\u0a16\u0a4b.) \u0a39\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a02\u0a15\u0a3f, \u0a35\u0a71\u0a21\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a71\u0a27\u0a30 &#39;\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e \r\n \u0a38 \u0a09\u0a26\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a39\u0a40 \u0a09\u0a26\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a27\u0a3f\u0a06 \u0a1c\u0a26\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a15\u0a23\u0a15 \u0a35\u0a30\u0a17\u0a47 \u0a16\u0a47\u0a24\u0a40\u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a5c\u0a40 \u0a09\u0a24\u0a2a\u0a3e\u0a26\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a32\u0a4b\u0a5c \u0a35\u0a40 \u0a35\u0a27\u0a26\u0a40 \u0a39\u0a48\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0a16\u0a47\u0a24\u0a40 \u0a38\u0a2e\u0a3e\u0a28, \u0a16\u0a3e\u0a38 \u0a15\u0a30\u0a15\u0a47 \u0a38\u0a16\u0a3c\u0a24 \u0a15\u0a23\u0a15 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a2e\u0a70\u0a17 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">\u0a35\u0a3f\u0a32\u0a2b\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a21 \u0a32\u0a4c\u0a30\u0a40\u0a05\u0a30<\/a> \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a38\u0a30\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a1a\u0a4b\u0a23 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a28\u0a3e\u0a32 \u0a2e\u0a47\u0a32 \u0a16\u0a3e\u0a02\u0a26\u0a40 \u0a38\u0a40, \u0a1c\u0a3f\u0a38 \u0a28\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a71\u0a1b\u0a2e\u0a40 \u0a2c\u0a70\u0a26\u0a4b\u0a2c\u0a38\u0a24 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a35\u0a71\u0a21\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a71\u0a27\u0a30 &#39;\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 \u0a28\u0a3e\u0a32 \u0a09\u0a24\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a3e\u0a39\u0a24 \u0a15\u0a40\u0a24\u0a3e. \r\n\u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a28\u0a35\u0a47\u0a02 \u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a39\u0a3f \u0a2e\u0a70\u0a24\u0a30\u0a40, \u0a15\u0a32\u0a3f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">\u0a2b\u0a4b\u0a30\u0a21 \u0a38\u0a3f\u0a2b\u0a1f\u0a28 \u0a28\u0a47 \u0a07\u0a71\u0a15 \u0a38\u0a41\u0a27\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a40 \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a26\u0a42\u0a30-\u0a26\u0a42\u0a30\u0a17\u0a3e<\/a> \u0a2e\u0a40 \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a4b\u0a17\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a2e \u0a26\u0a3e \u0a06\u0a2f\u0a4b\u0a1c\u0a28 \u0a15\u0a40\u0a24\u0a3e. \u0a09\u0a39 \u0a2c\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a1f\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a1f\u0a3e\u0a2a\u0a42\u0a06\u0a02, \u0a09\u0a71\u0a24\u0a30\u0a40 \u0a2f\u0a42\u0a30\u0a2a \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a05\u0a2e\u0a30\u0a40\u0a15\u0a3e \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a07\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a35\u0a3e \u0a39\u0a4b\u0a30 \u0a25\u0a3e\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a16\u0a47\u0a24\u0a40\u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a5c\u0a40 \u0a35 \r\n \u0a38\u0a28\u0a40\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a26\u0a3e\u0a16\u0a32 \u0a15\u0a30\u0a28 \u0a32\u0a08 \u0a35\u0a40 \u0a24\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a30 \u0a38\u0a40, \u0a1c\u0a47 \u0a1d\u0a3f\u0a1c\u0a15 \u0a28\u0a39\u0a40\u0a02,. \u0a38\u0a3f\u0a2b\u0a1f\u0a28 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a07\u0a24\u0a40 \u0a38\u0a30\u0a4b\u0a24\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a39\u0a30 \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 \u0a16\u0a4b\u0a32\u0a4d\u0a39\u0a23 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a07\u0a71\u0a1b\u0a3e, \u0a39\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a02\u0a15\u0a3f, \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 \u0a28\u0a40\u0a24\u0a40 \u0a26\u0a3e \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a2c\u0a3f\u0a70 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u0a2c \u0a28\u0a39\u0a40\u0a02 \u0a38\u0a40<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0a05\u0a70\u0a17\u0a30\u0a47\u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a40 \u0a2c\u0a4b\u0a32\u0a23 \u0a35\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a47 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a32\u0a08, \u0a06\u0a26\u0a30\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a07\u0a24\u0a40 \u0a2a\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a2d\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a3e \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a38\u0a4b\u0a27\u0a3f\u0a06 \u0a17\u0a3f\u0a06 \u0a39\u0a4b \u0a38\u0a15\u0a26\u0a3e \u0a39\u0a48 \u0a2a\u0a30 \u0a2c\u0a41\u0a28\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a26\u0a40 \u0a30\u0a42\u0a2a \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a2c\u0a26\u0a32\u0a3f\u0a06 \u0a28\u0a39\u0a40\u0a02 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a38\u0a30\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30 \u0a28\u0a47 \u0a2c\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a1f\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a38\u0a3e\u0a2e\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a1c \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a05\u0a70\u0a26\u0a30 \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a05\u0a2e\u0a30\u0a40\u0a15\u0a3e \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a17\u0a4b\u0a30\u0a47 \u0a05\u0a70\u0a17\u0a30\u0a47\u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a40 \u0a2c\u0a4b\u0a32\u0a23 \u0a35\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a24\u0a30\u0a1c\u0a40\u0a39 \u0a26\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a24\u0a40 \u0a09\u0a38\u0a47 \u0a38\u0a2e\u0a47\u0a02, \u0a17\u0a48 \r\n \u0a30-\u0a17\u0a4b\u0a30\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a28\u0a38\u0a32\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a26\u0a40 \u0a05\u0a27\u0a3e\u0a30 \u0a24\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a07\u0a28\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\u0a15\u0a40\u0a24\u0a3e \u0a17\u0a3f\u0a06<\/a> \u0a38\u0a40. \u0a06\u0a26\u0a30\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40 \u0a2c\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a1f\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a05\u0a2e\u0a30\u0a40\u0a15\u0a40 \u0a38\u0a41\u0a24\u0a70\u0a24\u0a30 \u0a15\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3e\u0a28 \u0a38\u0a28 \u0a1c\u0a4b \u0a2a\u0a71\u0a1b\u0a2e \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a35\u0a38 \u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a02\u0a26\u0a47 \u0a38\u0a28.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a35\u0a27\u0a3e\u0a09\u0a23 \u0a32\u0a08 \u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a4b\u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a30 \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a30\u0a47\u0a32\u0a35\u0a47 \u0a39\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a24\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a41\u0a06\u0a30\u0a3e \u0a26\u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a0f \u0a17\u0a0f, \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 \u0a05\u0a27\u0a3f\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a47 \u0a35\u0a38\u0a28\u0a40\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a2d\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a28\u0a15 \u0a16\u0a4b\u0a1c \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a30\u0a41\u0a71\u0a27 \u0a06\u0a2a\u0a23\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a38\u0a32\u0a40 \u0a1a\u0a3f\u0a70\u0a24\u0a3e\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a38\u0a70\u0a24\u0a41\u0a32\u0a3f \u0a09\u0a28\u0a4d\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a47 \u0a06\u0a26\u0a30\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a35\u0a38\u0a28\u0a40\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a09\u0a24\u0a30\u0a26\u0a40 \u0a24\u0a30\u0a1c\u0a40\u0a39 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a38\u0a42\u0a1a\u0a40\u0a2c\u0a71\u0a27 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">\u0a2c\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a1f\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a05\u0a2e\u0a30\u0a40\u0a15\u0a40 \u0a16\u0a47\u0a24\u0a40\u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a5c\u0a40 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a05\u0a26 \u0a2b\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a48\u0a02\u0a1a, \u0a2c\u0a48\u0a32\u0a1c\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28, \u0a21\u0a71 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">\u0a1a<\/a>, \u0a38\u0a15\u0a48\u0a02\u0a21\u0a47\u0a28\u0a47\u0a35\u0a40 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">\u0a05\u0a28<\/a>, \u0a38\u0a35\u0a3f\u0a38, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">\u0a2b\u0a3f<\/a> 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title=\"\u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 \u0a38\u0a48\u0a02\u0a1f\u0a30 \u0a35\u0a30\u0a15\u0a30, \u0a15\u0a3f\u0a0a\u0a2c\u0a47\u0a15, \u0a32\u0a17\u0a2d\u0a17 1911 \" alt=\"\u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28 \u0a38\u0a48\u0a02\u0a1f\u0a30 \u0a35\u0a30\u0a15\u0a30, \u0a15\u0a3f\u0a0a\u0a2c\u0a47\u0a15, \u0a32\u0a17\u0a2d\u0a17 1911 \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0a35\u0a27\u0a26\u0a40 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a2d\u0a3f\u0a70\u0a28 \u0a2e\u0a42\u0a32 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a47 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a2a\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38 \u0a15\u0a30\u0a28\u0a3e \u0a38\u0a3c\u0a41\u0a30\u0a42 \u0a15\u0a40\u0a24\u0a3e, \u0a07\u0a39\u0a28\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a2e\u0a48\u0a38\u0a47 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">\u0a21\u0a4b<\/a> \u0a28\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28, \u0a30\u0a42\u0a38\u0a40, \u0a2b\u0a3f\u0a28\u0a1c\u0a3c \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a1a\u0a40\u0a28\u0a40 \u0a32\u0a4b\u0a15 \u0a38\u0a3c\u0a3e\u0a2e\u0a32 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u0a38\u0a28<\/a>. \u0a07\u0a28\u0a4d\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a2c\u0a39\u0a41\u0a24 \u0a38\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a47 \u0a28\u0a35\u0a47\u0a02 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a2b\u0a48\u0a15\u0a1f\u0a30\u0a40 \u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a09\u0a38\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a40 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a15\u0a70\u0a2e \u0a32\u0a08 \u0a38\u0a38\u0a24\u0a40 \u0a15\u0a3f\u0a30\u0a24 \u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a39\u0a41\u0a28\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a70\u0a26 \u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a40\u0a17\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a42\u0a32 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a30\u0a42\u0a30\u0a24 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a2a\u0a42\u0a30\u0a3e \u0a15\u0a30\u0a28 \u0a32\u0a08 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a06\u0a09\u0a23 \u0a26\u0a40 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">\u0a1f\u0a4b<\/a>, \u0a39\u0a48\u0a2e\u0a3f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">\u0a32 \r\n \u0a1f\u0a28 \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a35\u0a48\u0a28\u0a15\u0a42<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hamilton\/\">\u0a35\u0a30 \u0a35\u0a30 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">\u0a17\u0a47 \u0a35\u0a71\u0a21\u0a47<\/a> \u0a38\u0a3c\u0a39\u0a3f\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a<\/a> \u0a35\u0a38 \u0a17\u0a0f.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a02\u0a15\u0a3f, \u0a07\u0a28\u0a4d\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a3e \u0a38\u0a3e\u0a39\u0a2e\u0a23\u0a3e \u0a28\u0a38\u0a32\u0a40 \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a27\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a3f\u0a15 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\u0a15\u0a47\u0a02\u0a26\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a2e\u0a39\u0a71\u0a24\u0a35\u0a2a\u0a42\u0a30\u0a23 \u0a06\u0a30\u0a25\u0a3f\u0a15 \u0a2d\u0a42\u0a2e\u0a3f\u0a15\u0a3e \u0a28\u0a3f\u0a2d\u0a3e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">\u0a08 - \u0a38\u0a1f\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a40\u0a1f\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30<\/a> \u0a1f\u0a30\u0a48\u0a15 \r\n \u0a30\u0a71\u0a16\u0a23\u0a3e, \u0a2b\u0a48\u0a32\u0a23 \u0a35\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a1f\u0a48\u0a15\u0a38\u0a1f\u0a3e\u0a08\u0a32 \u0a2b\u0a48\u0a15 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">\u0a1f\u0a30\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a2e\u0a3f<\/a> \u0a39\u0a28\u0a24 \u0a15\u0a30\u0a28\u0a3e \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a38\u0a40\u0a35\u0a30 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a23\u0a3e \u0a2b\u0a3f\u0a30 \u0a35\u0a40, \u0a2c\u0a39\u0a41\u0a24 \u0a38\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a47 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a06 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a2c\u0a3f\u0a32\u0a15\u0a41\u0a32 \u0a09\u0a32\u0a1f \u0a38\u0a28.<\/a> 2015 \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 2017 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a1a\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30, \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a28\u0a47 \u0a24\u0a47\u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a40 \u0a28\u0a3e\u0a32 \r\n 54,000 \u0a38\u0a40\u0a30\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a38\u0a3c\u0a30\u0a28\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a25\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a2e\u0a41\u0a5c \u0a35\u0a38\u0a47\u0a35\u0a3e \u0a15\u0a40\u0a24\u0a3e \u0a39\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a02\u0a15\u0a3f \u0a07\u0a39 \u0a17\u0a3f\u0a23\u0a24\u0a40 \u0a05\u0a2e\u0a30\u0a40\u0a15\u0a3e \u0a28\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a26\u0a3e \u0a38\u0a40, \u0a1c\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a28\u0a40, \u0a32\u0a47\u0a2c\u0a28\u0a3e\u0a28, \u0a24\u0a41\u0a30\u0a15\u0a40 \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a38\u0a35\u0a40\u0a21\u0a28 \u0a35\u0a30\u0a17\u0a47 \u0a39\u0a4b\u0a30 \u0a26\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a2e\u0a41\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a32\u0a47 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a26\u0a3e \u0a2f\u0a4b\u0a17\u0a26\u0a3e\u0a28 \u0a18\u0a71\u0a1f \u0a17\u0a3f\u0a06.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0a15\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a06\u0a27\u0a41\u0a28\u0a3f\u0a15 \u0a26\u0a3f\u0a28 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a28<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a39\u0a30 \u0a38\u0a3e\u0a32 \u0a15\u0a3e\u0a2b\u0a3c\u0a40 \u0a17\u0a3f\u0a23\u0a24\u0a40 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a2a\u0a24 \u0a15\u0a30\u0a26\u0a3e \u0a39\u0a48. 2001 \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 2014 \u0a24\u0a71\u0a15, \u0a39\u0a30 \u0a38\u0a3e\u0a32 \u0a14\u0a38\u0a24\u0a28 \u0a32\u0a17\u0a2d\u0a17 249,500 \u0a32\u0a48\u0a02\u0a21\u0a3f\u0a70\u0a17 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a35\u0a38 \u0a17\u0a0f\u0964 2015 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a, 271,800 \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a71\u0a27 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a26\u0a3e\u0a16\u0a32 \u0a15\u0a40\u0a24\u0a3e \u0a17\u0a3f\u0a06 \u0a38\u0a40 \u0a1c\u0a26\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a15\u0a3f \u0a07\u0a39 \u0a17\u0a3f\u0a23\u0a24\u0a40 2016 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a35\u0a27 \u0a15\u0a47 296,300 \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a71\u0a27 \u0a39\u0a4b \u0a17\u0a08\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2016 \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 2021 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a1a\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30, \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a28\u0a47 1.3 \u0a2e\u0a3f\u0a32\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a71\u0a27 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a3e \u0a38\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a17\u0a24 \u0a15\u0a40\u0a24\u0a3e. 2021 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02<\/a> \u0a1c\u0a28\u0a17\u0a23\u0a28\u0a3e \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a05\u0a70\u0a15\u0a5c\u0a47 \u0a26\u0a30\u0a38\u0a3e\u0a09\u0a02\u0a26\u0a47 \u0a39\u0a28 \u0a15\u0a3f \u0a2d\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a24, \u0a2b\u0a3f\u0a32\u0a40\u0a2a\u0a40\u0a28\u0a1c\u0a3c \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a1a\u0a40\u0a28 \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40 \r\n \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a2a\u0a39\u0a41\u0a70\u0a1a\u0a47 \u0a39\u0a3e\u0a32 \u0a39\u0a40 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a24\u0a3f\u0a70\u0a28 \u0a38\u0a2d \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a71\u0a27 \u0a38\u0a2e\u0a42\u0a39 \u0a38\u0a28\u0964 \u0a39\u0a3e\u0a32 \u0a39\u0a40 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a32\u0a17\u0a2d\u0a17 18.6 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a3e \u0a1c\u0a28\u0a2e \u0a2d\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a24 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a, 11.4 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24 \u0a2b\u0a3f\u0a32\u0a40\u0a2a\u0a40\u0a28\u0a1c\u0a3c \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 8.9 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24 \u0a1a\u0a40\u0a28 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a39\u0a4b\u0a07\u0a06 \u0a38\u0a40\u0964 (\u0a26 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">\u0a71\u0a16 <em>\u0a23\u0a40 \u0a0f<\/em> \u0a38\u0a3c\u0a40\u0a06\u0a08 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a35\u0a47\u0a16\u0a4b; \u0a2b\u0a3f<\/a> \u0a32\u0a40\u0a2a\u0a40 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">\u0a28\u0a4b \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">\u0a1a\u0a40<\/a> \u0a28\u0a40 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28<\/a>.) \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a39\u0a4b\u0a30 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a41\u0a71\u0a16 \u0a38\u0a2e\u0a42\u0a39 \u0a38\u0a40\u0a30\u0a40\u0a06 \r\n (4.8 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24), \u0a28\u0a3e\u0a08\u0a1c\u0a40\u0a30\u0a40\u0a06 (3 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24), \u0a38\u0a70\u0a2f\u0a41\u0a15\u0a24 \u0a30\u0a3e\u0a1c (3 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24), \u0a2a\u0a3e\u0a15\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a24\u0a3e\u0a28 (2.7 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24), \u0a2b\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a02\u0a38 (2 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24), \u0a08\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a28 (1.9 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24) \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a2f\u0a42\u0a28\u0a3e\u0a08\u0a1f\u0a3f\u0a21 \u0a15\u0a3f\u0a70\u0a17\u0a21\u0a2e (1.7 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24) \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a09\u0a24\u0a2a\u0a70\u0a28 \u0a39\u0a4b\u0a0f \u0a39\u0a28\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>\u0a15\u0a35\u0a3f\u0a1c\u0a3c \u0a32\u0a13!<\/strong> \r\n<br>\u0a38\u0a3f\u0a1f\u0a40\u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a28\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a3f\u0a2a \u0a1a\u0a48\u0a32\u0a47\u0a02\u0a1c \u0a26\u0a41\u0a06\u0a30\u0a3e \u0a2a\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a15\u0a40\u0a24\u0a40 \u0a17\u0a08 \u0a07\u0a38 \u0a15\u0a35\u0a3f\u0a1c\u0a3c \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a32\u0a48 \u0a15\u0a47 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">\u0a2c\u0a39\u0a41\u0a38\u0a2d\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a1a\u0a3e\u0a30<\/a> \u0a15\u0a24\u0a3e \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a06\u0a2a\u0a23\u0a47 \u0a17\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a28 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a02\u0a1a \u0a15\u0a30\u0a4b! <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">\u0a39\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a1f\u0a4b\u0a30\u0a40\u0a15\u0a3e \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a26\u0a3e \u0a07\u0a71\u0a15 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a4b\u0a17\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a2e, \u0a38\u0a3f\u0a1f\u0a40\u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a28\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a3f\u0a2a \r\n \u0a1a\u0a48\u0a32\u0a47\u0a02\u0a1c \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a07\u0a71\u0a15 \u0a2e\u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a3e\u0a15 \u0a28\u0a3e\u0a17\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a15\u0a24\u0a3e \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a40\u0a16\u0a3f\u0a06 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a28\u0a3e\u0a32-\u0a28\u0a3e\u0a32 \u0a39\u0a4b\u0a30 \u0a25\u0a40\u0a2e\u0a21 \u0a15\u0a35\u0a3f\u0a1c\u0a3c \u0a32\u0a48 \u0a15\u0a47 \u0a06\u0a2a\u0a23\u0a47 \u0a30\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a1f\u0a30\u0a40 \u0a17\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a28 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a02\u0a1a \u0a15\u0a30\u0a28 \u0a32\u0a08 \u0a38\u0a71\u0a26\u0a3e \u0a26\u0a3f\u0a70\u0a26\u0a3e \u0a39\u0a48\u0964<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0a28\u0a35\u0a47\u0a02 \u0a06\u0a0f \u0a32\u0a4b\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a35\u0a71\u0a21\u0a40 \u0a2c\u0a39\u0a41\u0a17\u0a3f\u0a23\u0a24\u0a40 (88.7 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24) \u0a1a\u0a3e\u0a30 \u0a38\u0a42\u0a2c\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a35\u0a38 \u0a17\u0a08: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">\u0a13\u0a28\u0a1f\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a40\u0a13<\/a> (44 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24), \u0a15\u0a3f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u0a0a<\/a> \u0a2c\u0a47\u0a15 (15.3 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40 \r\n \u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24), \u0a2c\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a3f <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">\u0a1f\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a15\u0a4b\u0a32\u0a70\u0a2c\u0a40\u0a06<\/a> (14.9 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24) \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">\u0a05\u0a32\u0a2c\u0a30\u0a1f\u0a3e<\/a> (14.5 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24)\u0964 \u0a09\u0a28\u0a4d\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a1a\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a26\u0a3e\u0a24\u0a30 \u0a07\u0a28\u0a4d\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a38\u0a42\u0a2c\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a2e\u0a41\u0a71\u0a16 \r\n \u0a38\u0a3c\u0a39\u0a3f\u0a30\u0a40 \u0a15\u0a47\u0a02\u0a26\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a1c\u0a3f\u0a35\u0a47\u0a02 \u0a1f\u0a4b\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a02 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">\u0a1f\u0a4b<\/a> (29.5 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24), \u0a2e\u0a3e\u0a02\u0a1f\u0a30\u0a40 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">\u0a05\u0a32<\/a> (12.2 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24) \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a35\u0a48\u0a28 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">\u0a15\u0a42<\/a> \u0a35\u0a30 (11.7 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24) \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a1a \u0a35\u0a40 \u0a30\u0a39\u0a3f\u0a70\u0a26\u0a47 \u0a39\u0a28. \u0a07\u0a15\u0a71\u0a32\u0a47 \u0a07\u0a39 \u0a24\u0a3f\u0a70\u0a28 \u0a38\u0a3c\u0a39\u0a3f\u0a30 \u0a38\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a47 \u0a39\u0a3e\u0a32 \u0a39\u0a40 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a05\u0a71\u0a27\u0a47 \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a71\u0a27 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a2a\u0a24 \u0a15\u0a30\u0a26\u0a47 \u0a39\u0a28. \u0a39\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a02\u0a15\u0a3f, \u0a07\u0a39 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24\u0a24\u0a3e \u0a18\u0a71\u0a1f \u0a17\u0a08 \u0a39\u0a48 \u0a15\u0a3f\u0a09\u0a02\u0a15\u0a3f \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40 \u0a26\u0a42\u0a1c\u0a47 \u0a38\u0a3c\u0a39\u0a3f\u0a30\u0a40 \u0a15\u0a47\u0a02\u0a26\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a35\u0a38 \u0a17\u0a0f \u0a39\u0a28.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2021 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a2e\u0a30\u0a26\u0a2e\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a41\u0a2e\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a40 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a05\u0a28\u0a41\u0a38\u0a3e\u0a30, \u0a05\u0a38\u0a32 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a39\u0a30 \u0a2a\u0a48\u0a26\u0a3e \u0a39\u0a4b\u0a0f \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a32\u0a4b\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a47 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a06\u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a26\u0a40 \u0a26\u0a3e 23 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a24\u0a40\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a24 (8.3 \u0a2e\u0a3f\u0a32\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a32\u0a4b\u0a15) \u0a2c\u0a23\u0a3e\u0a07\u0a06 - 1921 \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a05\u0a26 \u0a07\u0a71\u0a15 \u0a30\u0a3f\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a21-\u0a09\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a05\u0a28\u0a41\u0a2a\u0a3e\u0a24 \u0a39\u0a48\u0964 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a1c\u0a40 7 \u0a26\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a3e \u0a38\u0a2d \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a35\u0a71\u0a27 \u0a05\u0a28\u0a41\u0a2a\u0a3e\u0a24 \u0a39\u0a48\u0964 (\u0a15\u0a48 <em>\u0a28\u0a47<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a1c\u0a40 7 \u0a35\u0a47\u0a16\u0a4b<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0a06\u0a27\u0a41\u0a28\u0a3f\u0a15 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a3e \u0a2c\u0a39\u0a41\u0a24 \u0a38\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40 \u0a38\u0a2e\u0a42\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38 \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a2f\u0a4b\u0a17\u0a26\u0a3e\u0a28\u0a3e\u0a02 &#39;\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a2c\u0a23\u0a3e\u0a07\u0a06 \u0a17\u0a3f\u0a06 \u0a38\u0a40, \u0a2a\u0a39\u0a3f\u0a32\u0a47 \u0a2b\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a48\u0a02\u0a1a \u0a35\u0a38\u0a28\u0a40\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a38\u0a3c\u0a41\u0a30\u0a42 \u0a39\u0a4b \u0a15\u0a47, \u0a2f\u0a42\u0a28\u0a3e\u0a08\u0a1f\u0a3f\u0a21 \u0a15\u0a3f\u0a70\u0a17\u0a21\u0a2e, \u0a2e\u0a71\u0a27 \u0a2f\u0a42\u0a30\u0a2a, \u0a15\u0a48\u0a30\u0a47\u0a2c\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 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\u0a24\u0a4c\u0a30 &#39;\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a07\u0a2e\u0a40\u0a17\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a47 \u0a07\u0a38 \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a07\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a35\u0a3e, \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a38\u0a2e\u0a3e\u0a1c \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a1a \u0a2c\u0a39\u0a41\u0a24 \u0a38\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a3e \u0a2f\u0a4b\u0a17\u0a26\u0a3e\u0a28 \u0a05\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a15\u0a48\u0a28\u0a47\u0a21\u0a40\u0a05\u0a28 \u0a2e\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1f\u0a40 &#39;\u0a24\u0a47 \u0a07\u0a15 \u0a2c\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a24\u0a30 \u0a38\u0a2e\u0a3e\u0a1c \u0a2c\u0a23\u0a3e\u0a09\u0a23 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a1a \u0a38\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a07\u0a24\u0a3e \u0a15\u0a30\u0a28 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a07\u0a71\u0a1b\u0a3e \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a26 \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a2a\u0a30\u0a47 \u0a39\u0a48.<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"pa","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-07T18:46:56.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-07T18:46:56.000000Z"},{"id":"9e2fd9a3-98e9-4e39-93c6-43441584182d","article_id":"76085","title":"\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1","summary":"<p>\u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf 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\u0baa\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1 - \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u0baa\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95 \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0b9a\u0bae\u0bc2\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0bb0\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0baf-\u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 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href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u0b85\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5<\/a> \u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0bb3 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">(\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd) \u0b90\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd\" alt=\"\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd 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src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd\" alt=\"\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"\u0b95\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\" alt=\"\u0b95\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bcd (16-18 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>17 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd 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\u0b85\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b8a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \r\n \u0b8f\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/fur-trade\/\">\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc6\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bb2\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0baa\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/a> \u0ba8\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9, \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bae \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/new-france\/\">\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7<\/a> \u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd (1759\u201460) \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc2 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">\u0bbe\u0ba9<\/a> \u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd 65,000 \u0b86\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0ba8\u0bcb\u0bb5\u0bbe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\">\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b95 \r\n \u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/a> \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/scots\">\u0bcd \u0b9a<\/a> \u0bae\u0bc2\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bae\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\">\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf<\/a> \u0bc7\u0bb1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\">\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/a> \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bc1 1700 \u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b90\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\">\u0bc2\u0b83\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bc1<\/a> \u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8<\/a> \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd (\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-immigration-in-canada\">\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc6\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a<\/a> \u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd <em>\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3<\/em> \u0bcd\u0b95), \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3 \r\n \u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b86\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5 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\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbe \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3<\/a> \u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bae\u0bc0\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \r\n \u0b95\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb0\u0bcb\u0bae\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcb\u0bb2 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc6\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1<\/a> \u0baa\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc7 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3 \r\n \u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0ba9\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0bae\u0bc2\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba9\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9f \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1nQwJ4NDRaO1PhAPuWnxDoGN2adxIhoqj\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b9a \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bcd (18-19 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc2\u0baa\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/province-of-quebec-1763-91\">\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf<\/a> \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb2\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0b86\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b86\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u0b90\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b9a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\">\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa<\/a> 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\u0b8f\u0ba9\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \r\n \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf<\/a> \u0bb7\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b9f \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/shelburne\">\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9f<\/a> \u0bb5\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0ba8\u0b95\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\r\n. (\u0ba8\u0bcb <em>\u0bb5\u0bbe \u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-feature\">\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b95<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0b90\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 (19 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>19 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd - \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 - 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\u0ba8\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95<\/a> \u0bcd \r\n \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \r\n<\/a> \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0bae\u0bc2\u0b95-\u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b87\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0b95\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0b95\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbf \u0b90\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf \r\n \u0ba9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 (19 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/confederation\/\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\/\">\u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b87\u0bb1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd, \u0b89\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9 \r\n (\r\n\u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/a><\/em><\/a> \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe - \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0b9a, \u0bb5\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd - \u0b86\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcb-\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b88\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc6\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc2 \u0b87\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95 <em>\u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/em> (\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franco-americans\/\">\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>19 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prairie\/\">\u0bb2 \u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3<\/a> \u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9, \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bc7 - \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 - <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-nations\">\u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f<\/a> \u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/metis\">\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f<\/a> \u0ba9. (\u0bb5\u0b9f <em>\u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbf<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/a> \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b95.) \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0bb5\u0bbf \r\n \u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0baf \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8, \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8, \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">\u0b8a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f<\/a> \u0bcd \u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1. \r\n\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bc2<\/a> \u0bb0\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b90\u0bb0\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe \u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5 \r\n \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b86\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bbf <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u0baa\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b86\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8, \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8. \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc7 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \r\n \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0bae <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95<\/a> \u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc0\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc7 \u0ba8\u0bb2\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0ba4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0baf \r\n \u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc6\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1, \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b9c\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b9f\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1, \u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/a>, \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb8\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0bb0\u0bb7\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b86\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bcb-\u0bb9\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd (\u0b86\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd; \r\n \u0bb9\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd <em>\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0<\/em> \u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd), \u0b9c\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bae\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b89\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/a> \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2 \r\n \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb8\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc7\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">\u0b85\u0bb0<\/a> \u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd <em>\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0<\/em> \u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd). \r\n<\/a><\/a> \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bc7 \u0baf\u0bc2\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u0b86<\/a> \r\n \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0bb0\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bbe \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bb5 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b92\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbe \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbe \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc7 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8. \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b9f \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95<\/em><\/a> \u0bbe \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \r\n \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc2\u0baa\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bca\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b93\u0bb0\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb1 \u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc2\u0baa\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b9e\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc2 \u0b87\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4 \r\n \u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95 \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0baf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc6\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b8a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc7 \u0b9a\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1, \r\n \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc2\u0baa\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bca\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b88\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0b95\u0bb0 \u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b85\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc6\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb3 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b88 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf \u0b90\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0bc7, \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0b86\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd 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src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc2\u0baa\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd, \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd 1911 \" alt=\"\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc2\u0baa\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd, \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd 1911 \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-pacific-railway\">\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">\u0baa\u0bb2\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd, \u0b9f\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bbe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcb<\/a>, \u0bb9\u0bbe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95<\/a> \u0bc2\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">\u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf<\/a> 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\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc0\u0b95\u0bb0 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb1 \u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0baa\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd - \u0ba4\u0bc6<\/a> \u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bae \r\n \u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9c\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bb3 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">\u0bbf \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a<\/a> \u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f, \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba9 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba9\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b95\u0ba9\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd 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\u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \r\n \u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"\u0b9a\u0bc0\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\" alt=\"\u0b9a\u0bc0\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b9a\u0bc0\u0ba9 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc0\u0ba9 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3<\/a> \u0bcd\u0b95.) \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0ba3\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc0\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \r\n \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bb0\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc7 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9a\u0bc0\u0ba9 \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 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\u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0bae\u0bbe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f 400 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/em><\/a> \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd. 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\u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8, \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/serbs\/\">\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/a> \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0baf\u0bc2\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 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\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-army\">\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1910\u201411 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b86\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1 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\u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \r\n \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b86\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0bae\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b8e\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf 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\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b95\u0ba9 \r\n \u0b9f\u0bbe \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd - \u0b87\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u201c\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u201d \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd - \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bae\u0b95 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/a> \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa \r\n \u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd 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<em>\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b95<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>1945 \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb2\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b85\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u0baa\u0bcb<\/a> \u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 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(\u0b95\u0ba9 <em>\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0b95\u0ba4<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/a> \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b95.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc2\u0baa\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd\" alt=\"\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc2\u0baa\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd 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\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bae\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0ba4\u0bc2\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>11 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd 2001 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>11 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd 2001 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11 <em>\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9<\/em> \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b95<\/a>.) \r\n2002 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 <em>\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a<\/em> \u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd (IRPA) \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd 1976 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f <em>\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/em>. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b85\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b89\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1 <em>\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd<\/em> \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0ba9 \u0b89\u0bb1 \r\n \u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b85\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1 2009\u20142010 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u201c\u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bbf\u201d \u0b85\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb2\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b85\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95-\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0b8e\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b92 \r\n \u0bb4\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd (\u0b95\u0ba9 <em>\u0b9f\u0bbe-\u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc2\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b95<\/a>.) \r\n\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9a \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc0\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bae\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba4 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0ba9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9<\/a>. 2015 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 2017 \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \r\n 54,000 \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bc0\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b9c\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bae\u0ba9\u0bbf, \u0bb2\u0bc6\u0baa\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba9 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0b92\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd 2001 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd 2014 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8, \u0b92\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd 249,500 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd. 2015 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, 271,800 \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc7 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8 2016 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd 296, \r\n 300 \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2016 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 2021 \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe 1.3 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. 2021 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa<\/a> \u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe, \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc0\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \r\n \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9a\u0bae\u0bc0\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7 \u0b9a\u0bae\u0bc0\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd 18.6 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, 11.4 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 8.9 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc0\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">(\u0ba4\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95 <em>\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd; \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcb<\/a> \u0b95\u0ba9 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd; \u0b9a\u0bc0\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0<\/a> \u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.)<\/a> \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe \r\n (4.8 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd), \u0ba8\u0bc8\u0b9c\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe (3 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd), \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe (3 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd), \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd (2.7 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd), \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd (2 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd), \u0b88\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd (1.9 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd) \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b90\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd (1.7 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd) \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong> \r\n<br>\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba9\u0bcd<\/a> \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95 \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b89\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bb9\u0bbf\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbe \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9, \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b9a \r\n \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bbf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0<\/a> \u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1, \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1 \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc8<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd (88.7 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd) \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd: \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bcb (44 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd), \u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc2\u0baa\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd (15.3 \r\n \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd), \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe<\/a> (14.9 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd) \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe (14.5 \u0b9a\u0ba4<\/a> \u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd).<\/a><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcb (29.5 \u0b9a \r\n \u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd), \u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc0\u0bb2\u0bcd (12.2 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">\u0b9a<\/a> \u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd) \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd (11.7 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd) \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb1 \u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/a><\/a> \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bc2\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0b95\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bae\u0bc0\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0ba8\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb1 \u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2021 \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf, \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd 23 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 (8.3 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd) \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd - 1921 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0b9c\u0bbf 7 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1. (\u0b95\u0ba9 <em>\u0b9f\u0bbe<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbf 7 \u0b90\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0ba8\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc6\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf, \u0b90\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b90\u0bb0\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe, \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc0\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b86\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \r\n \u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a<\/a> \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4<\/a> \u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9a \r\n \u0bae\u0bc2\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0ba9\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9a\u0bae\u0bc2\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bae\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 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\u0c1a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c47\u0c02\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c09\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c25 \u0c15\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2e\u0c2c\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c27\u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28 \u0c1c\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c2d\u0c3e \u0c2a\u0c46\u0c30\u0c41\u0c17\u0c41\u0c26\u0c32\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c12\u0c15\u0c1f\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c26\u0c41; \u0c2c\u0c26\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41\u0c17\u0c3e, \u0c07\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c09\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f - \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c12\u0c15\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c09\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f - \u0c06\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25 \r\n \u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c2d\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c43\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c27\u0c3f \u0c05\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c17\u0c47 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c48\u0c16\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c41\u0c35\u0c32 \u0c17\u0c41\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u0c2c\u0c39\u0c41\u0c33 \u0c38\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c43\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c38\u0c43\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c26\u0c4b\u0c39\u0c26\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c40 \u0c07\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c24\u0c30\u0c1a\u0c42 unashamedly \u0c06\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c40\u0c2f-\u0c38\u0c47\u0c35 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c30\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c30\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c2a\u0c42\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c09\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f (\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d<\/a> \u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c38\u0c40 <em>\u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f<\/em>; \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25<\/a> \u0c41\u0c32\u0c41).<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c26\u0c47\u0c36\u0c40 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c1c\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c42\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c40\u0c15\u0c41\u0c32 \r\n \u0c2d\u0c42\u0c2e\u0c41\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c35\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d<\/a> \u0c26\u0c4b\u0c39\u0c26\u0c2a\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f.<\/p><p>(\u0c08 \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c02 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c2a\u0c48 \u0c2a\u0c42\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3f \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c3f \u0c17\u0c32 \u0c35\u0c1a\u0c28\u0c02. \u0c2e\u0c40\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c3e\u0c26\u0c3e-\u0c2d\u0c3e\u0c37\u0c3e \u0c38\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c36\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c1a\u0c26\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41\u0c15\u0c41\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c47, \u0c26\u0c2f\u0c1a\u0c47\u0c38\u0c3f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d (\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c46\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c4d-\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c47\u0c1c\u0c4d \u0c38\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c36\u0c02)<\/a> \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f.)<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"\u0c17\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41\" alt=\"\u0c17\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"\u0c05\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c25 \u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c2c\u0c2f\u0c32\u0c41\u0c26\u0c47\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\" alt=\"\u0c05\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c25 \u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c2c\u0c2f\u0c32\u0c41\u0c26\u0c47\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"\u0c30\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c21\u0c4c\u0c16\u0c4b\u0c2c\u0c4b\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d\" alt=\"\u0c30\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c21\u0c4c\u0c16\u0c4b\u0c2c\u0c4b\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"\u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41\" alt=\"\u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d \u0c2c\u0c46\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c46\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d\" alt=\"\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d \u0c2c\u0c46\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c46\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c42 \u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38 (16-18 \u0c35 \u0c36\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c26\u0c02)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>17 \u0c35 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 18 \u0c35 \u0c36\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c26\u0c02\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c0e\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c35 \u0c2d\u0c3e\u0c17\u0c02, \u0c2f\u0c42\u0c30\u0c4b\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c1c\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c32 \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c28\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c35\u0c47\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c21\u0c02\u0c2a\u0c48 \u0c05\u0c2d\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c4b\u0c17\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c4b\u0c2a\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c3f, \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c27\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c24\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c23\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c41. \u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c46\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c4d \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2d\u0c41\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c02\u0c2d\u0c02\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c4b\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c39\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c05\u0c35\u0c38\u0c30\u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28 \u0c21\u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c2c\u0c41 \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c36\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28 \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2e\u0c3e \r\n \u0c23\u0c02\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c16\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c38\u0c3f\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c27\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c32\u0c47\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c3f \u0c05\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c3f. \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c1a\u0c41\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c02 \u0c2a\u0c4a\u0c02\u0c26\u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c41. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/fur-trade\/\">\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c39\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c05\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c47\u0c37\u0c15\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c41\u0c16\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c46\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c4d \u0c06\u0c38\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c15\u0c4b\u0c38\u0c02 \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c35\u0c39\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c47 \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c32\u0c3e\u0c2d\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c15\u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28 \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c23\u0c3f\u0c1c\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c02\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c1c\u0c4b\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c2d\u0c2f\u0c2a\u0c21\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 (\u0c2c\u0c4a\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c3e \r\n \u0c23\u0c3f\u0c1c\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f).<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c0f\u0c26\u0c47\u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28\u0c3e, \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c27\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c1c\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c32 \u0c05\u0c27\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c28\u0c46\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c26\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c46\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c1c\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c32 \u0c2d\u0c42 \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c26\u0c28\u0c32 \u0c38\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c2d\u0c4c\u0c2e\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c39\u0c3e\u0c2e\u0c40 \u0c07\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c39\u0c1c \u0c35\u0c28\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c26\u0c4b\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c21\u0c40 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f \u0c06\u0c36 - \u0c24\u0c30\u0c1a\u0c41\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c2f\u0c42\u0c30\u0c4b\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c46\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c41\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c3f \r\n \u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c24\u0c30\u0c2a\u0c41\u0c28. \u0c26\u0c40\u0c02\u0c24\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c46\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u0c26\u0c47\u0c36\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c33\u0c40 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c1c\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c48\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c35 \u0c2e\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24<\/a> \u0c3e\u0c30\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c06\u0c36\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3e\u0c35\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2e\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c2a\u0c46\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c07\u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c2c\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c32\u0c47\u0c15\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c26\u0c41. \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">\u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c46\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d (1759\u201460) \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c2f\u0c02\u0c32\u0c4b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/new-france\/\">\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c42 \u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e<\/a> \u0c28\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c1c\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c2d\u0c3e \u0c38\u0c41\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 65,000 \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c09\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41.<\/a> \u0c28\u0c4b \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\">\u0c35\u0c3e \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c4b\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b, \u0c12\u0c15<\/a> \u0c28\u0c3e\u0c1f\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/scots\">\u0c15\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c42\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c40 \u0c1c<\/a> \u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c3e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\">\u0c38\u0c41\u0c32<\/a> \u0c1a\u0c47 \u0c2d\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c40 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\">\u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f<\/a> \u0c2c\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. 1700 \u0c32 \u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c30\u0c32\u0c4b, \u0c10\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c42\u0c2b\u0c4c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\">\u0c02\u0c21\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c1c\u0c28\u0c3e<\/a> \u0c2d\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c2c\u0c32\u0c4b\u0c2a\u0c47\u0c24\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c36\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41.<\/a> \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c1c\u0c2f\u0c02 \u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c40 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-immigration-in-canada\">\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c46\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c4d \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d<\/a> <em>\u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f<\/em>), \u0c07\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c46\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c28\u0c47 \u0c2a\u0c46\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c26 \u0c38\u0c02\u0c16\u0c4d\u0c2f \r\n \u0c32\u0c4b \u0c07\u0c02\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c40\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c21\u0c47 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c24\u0c40\u0c38\u0c41\u0c15\u0c41\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c41. \u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c39\u0c15\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c38\u0c48\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c38\u0c3f\u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c2c\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f \u0c2c\u0c2f\u0c32\u0c41\u0c26\u0c47\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c46\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c27\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c26\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c46\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c36\u0c42\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c02\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c39\u0c3e, \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c26\u0c3f\u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c07\u0c02\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c40\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c21\u0c47 \u0c38\u0c46\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c06\u0c38\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c28\u0c2c\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c1c\u0c2e\u0c47, \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24 \u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d 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\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c41 \r\n \u0c32 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c39\u0c02 \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c28\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c24\u0c30\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c41\u0c02\u0c26\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c24\u0c30\u0c41\u0c35\u0c3e<\/a> \u0c24\u0c3f \u0c2d\u0c2f\u0c2a\u0c21\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. \u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c26\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c3f\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c28 \u0c09\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28 \u0c05\u0c2e\u0c46\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c28\u0c40\u0c32 \u0c2f\u0c4a\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c24 \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c36\u0c40\u0c24\u0c4b\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c23 \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c35\u0c30\u0c23\u0c02 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c41\u0c2a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28 \r\n \u0c38\u0c3e\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c1c\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c38\u0c02\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c46\u0c24\u0c15\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3e \u0c0e\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c35 \u0c2e\u0c4a\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c17\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1nQwJ4NDRaO1PhAPuWnxDoGN2adxIhoqj\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d (18-19 \u0c35 \u0c36\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c26\u0c02)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/province-of-quebec-1763-91\">\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c42\u0c2c\u0c46\u0c15\u0c4d \u0c2f\u0c4a\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15 \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24 \u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c15\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c24\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c30\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c05\u0c2e\u0c46\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c35\u0c02 \u0c26\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3e \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c2d\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c02\u0c36\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c05\u0c28\u0c47\u0c15 \u0c35\u0c47\u0c32 \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c07\u0c02\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c40\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c21\u0c47 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c0e\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c35\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c4a\u0c1f\u0c46\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c4d \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c41\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c05\u0c02\u0c17\u0c40\u0c15\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f.<\/a> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u0c2f\u0c41\u0c28\u0c48\u0c1f\u0c46\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c0e\u0c02\u0c2a\u0c48\u0c30\u0c4d \u0c32\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c32\u0c3f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\">\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c41\u0c35\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c47<\/a> \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c0e\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c35\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c30\u0c3e\u0c1c\u0c15\u0c40\u0c2f \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c09\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41.<\/a> \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c0e\u0c02\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c26\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3e \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c26\u0c41, \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c28 \r\n \u0c02\u0c26\u0c41\u0c28 \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c41\u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f \u0c26\u0c3f\u0c36\u0c17\u0c3e 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\u0c10\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c02\u0c24\u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c35\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c2f \u0c1c\u0c40\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c02 \u0c2a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c32 \u0c24\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c35 \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c0e\u0c1f\u0c41\u0c35\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c3f \u0c09\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c39\u0c02 \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c41 (\u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c35\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c2f \u0c1a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c30 <em>\u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f<\/em>).<\/a> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/railway-history\/\">\u0c2c\u0c26\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41\u0c17\u0c3e, \u0c10\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c28 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canals-and-inland-waterways\/\">\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41\u0c35 \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c35\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25, \u0c15\u0c32\u0c2a \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c36\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2e \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c05\u0c2d\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c43\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c27\u0c3f \u0c1a\u0c46<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/timber-trade-history\/\">\u0c02\u0c26\u0c41\u0c24\u0c41\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28 \u0c30\u0c48\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c47 \u0c28\u0c46\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c32<\/a> \u0c3e\u0c28\u0c41 \r\n \u0c17\u0c41\u0c23\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c2a\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c1a\u0c47\u0c36\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. \r\n<\/a> \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f \u0c24\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c35 \u0c05\u0c26\u0c43\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c35\u0c02\u0c24\u0c41\u0c32\u0c48\u0c28 \u0c38\u0c3e\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c1c\u0c3f\u0c15-\u0c06\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c2d\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28 \u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c24 \u0c17\u0c41\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c2a\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c23\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e, \r\n \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c28\u0c17\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c46\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c26 \u0c2a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c47\u0c15 \u0c10\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c4a\u0c30\u0c41\u0c17\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c3f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c36\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c2f \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c32\u0c41 (19 \u0c35 - 20 \u0c35 \u0c36\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c26\u0c02 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c02\u0c2d\u0c02)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\/\">\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c2a\u0c47\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c24\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c35 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c23 \u0c30\u0c47\u0c1f\u0c41, \u0c05\u0c27\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c1c\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c30\u0c47\u0c1f\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c26\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c40\u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c32 \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28 \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c40 \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c02\u0c24\u0c30 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c32\u0c24\u0c4b, \u0c24\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c23 \u0c2a\u0c4b\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d- \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c2b\u0c46\u0c21\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c2f\u0c41\u0c17\u0c02 \u0c26\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c05\u0c27\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c1c\u0c28\u0c3e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/confederation\/\">\u0c2d<\/a> \u0c3e \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c3f \u0c09\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \r\n (\r\n\u0c1c\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c2d\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f).<\/a><\/em> \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c35\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c26\u0c17\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c2d\u0c42\u0c2e\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c05\u0c30\u0c41\u0c26\u0c41\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c2a\u0c46\u0c30\u0c41\u0c17\u0c41\u0c24\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c1f\u0c02 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c32 \u0c08 \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c2f \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c24 \u0c26\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c07\u0c02\u0c24\u0c32\u0c4b, \u0c2f\u0c41\u0c0e\u0c38\u0c4d - \u0c09\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c24, \u0c38\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c35\u0c02\u0c24\u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28 \u0c2d\u0c42\u0c2e\u0c3f \u0c2f\u0c4a\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15 \u0c26\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c05\u0c02\u0c24\u0c2e\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c2a\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c38\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c39\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c26\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c38\u0c30\u0c2b\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c4b - \u0c35\u0c47\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c06\u0c02\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b-\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c06\u0c15\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. \u0c05\u0c2e\u0c46\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c36\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2e \u0c06\u0c15\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c05\u0c28\u0c47\u0c15 \u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c46\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c28\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c42 \u0c07\u0c02\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c17\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c32\u0c4b \u0c2a\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c09\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c3f (\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franco-americans\/\">\u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c15\u0c4b-<\/a> \u0c05\u0c2e\u0c46\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15 <em>\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41<\/em> \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>19 \u0c35 \u0c36\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c26\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c30\u0c32\u0c4b, \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c2f\u0c4a\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15 \u0c2d\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c24\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c48 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prairie\/\">\u0c30\u0c40 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c4d<\/a> \u0c38\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c2a\u0c21\u0c1f\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c24\u0c46\u0c30\u0c35\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c3f, \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c24\u0c30\u0c41\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c24 \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2e\u0c47 - \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c39\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c15\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e - \u0c2b <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-nations\">\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d \u0c28\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d<\/a> \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c46 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/metis\">\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c1c\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f \u0c2d\u0c42\u0c2e\u0c41<\/a> \u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c24\u0c4a\u0c32\u0c17\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c21\u0c02. (\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d <em>\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c46\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c41\u0c17\u0c41\u0c2c\u0c3e\u0c1f\u0c41<\/a> \u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f<\/em>.) \u0c05\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c47 \u0c17\u0c4b\u0c27\u0c41\u0c2e \u0c35\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c35\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c2f \u0c09\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c05\u0c35\u0c38\u0c30\u0c02 \u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c2a\u0c46\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c41\u0c21\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c46\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c26 \u0c0e\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c41\u0c28 \r\n \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2e\u0c47 \u0c15\u0c48\u0c35\u0c38\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c38\u0c41\u0c15\u0c41\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c3f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c35\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c2f \u0c35\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c41\u0c35\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c21\u0c4d, \u0c2e\u0c41\u0c16\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c39\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c17\u0c4b\u0c27\u0c41\u0c2e\u0c32\u0c15\u0c41, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c32\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c30\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2d\u0c41\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c35 \u0c0e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c32\u0c24\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c09\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f, \u0c07\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c46\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c26 \u0c0e\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c41\u0c28 \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d<\/a> \u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c4b \u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c36\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c2f \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c4b\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c39\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. \r\n\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c2f\u0c4a\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15 \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24 \u0c05\u0c02\u0c24\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c17\u0c24 \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f, \u0c15\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c3f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">\u0c2b\u0c4b\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c38\u0c3f\u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c28\u0c4d, \u0c2a\u0c41\u0c28\u0c30\u0c41\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c27\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c26\u0c42\u0c30\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c24<\/a> \u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28 \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c39\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c21\u0c41. \u0c05\u0c24\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c05\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c47 \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c2a\u0c4b\u0c24\u0c47, \u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c26\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c40\u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c09\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c30 \u0c10\u0c30\u0c4b\u0c2a\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c2f\u0c41\u0c0e\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c07\u0c24\u0c30 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c26\u0c47\u0c36\u0c3e\u0c32 \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c35\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c2f \r\n \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c41\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c05\u0c02\u0c17\u0c40\u0c15\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c38\u0c3f\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c27\u0c2a\u0c21\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c21\u0c41. \u0c38\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c2f \u0c35\u0c28\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c35\u0c46\u0c32\u0c41\u0c2a\u0c32 \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c24\u0c46\u0c30\u0c35\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c38\u0c3f\u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c2f\u0c4a\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15 \u0c38\u0c41\u0c2e\u0c41\u0c16\u0c24, \u0c05\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c40, <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c27\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c2c\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c2c\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c41<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c07\u0c02\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c40\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c21\u0c47 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32 \u0c15\u0c4b\u0c38\u0c02, \u0c06\u0c26\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c36 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c2f\u0c4a\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15 \u0c38\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c2f \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c1a\u0c28\u0c02 \u0c38\u0c35\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c09\u0c02\u0c21\u0c35\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f 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\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c35\u0c47\u0c36\u0c02 \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c3e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\u0c15\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f<\/a>. \u0c06\u0c26\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c36 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c05\u0c2e\u0c46\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c24\u0c02\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c30 \u0c30\u0c48\u0c24\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c36\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c2e\u0c26\u0c47\u0c36\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c2a\u0c21\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c46\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c30 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c30\u0c48\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c47 \u0c06\u0c38\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c41\u0c32\u0c1a\u0c47 \u0c12\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c28, \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c05\u0c27\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c46\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c32 \u0c15\u0c4b\u0c38\u0c02 \u0c35\u0c46\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f \u0c36\u0c4b\u0c27\u0c28\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c47\u0c15\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f \u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c3f \u0c06\u0c02\u0c26\u0c4b\u0c33\u0c28\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c24\u0c41\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c36\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c05\u0c35\u0c30\u0c4b\u0c39\u0c23 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c27\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c24\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c06\u0c26\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c36 \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c41\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c2c\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c36\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">\u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c05\u0c2e\u0c46\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c35\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c35\u0c47\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24 \r\n \u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c46\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c4d, \u0c2c\u0c46\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c1c\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c21 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">\u0c1a\u0c4d<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">\u0c38\u0c4d<\/a> \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c47\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c2f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41<\/a>, \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d, \u0c2b\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">\u0c30<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c2f<\/a> \u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c06\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c4b-\u0c39\u0c02\u0c17\u0c47\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 (<em>\u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f<\/em> \u0c06\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41; \r\n \u0c39\u0c02\u0c17\u0c47\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41), \u0c1c\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c09\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c46\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c4b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c05\u0c28\u0c41\u0c38\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a<\/a> \u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a> \r\n\u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c2c\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c3e \u0c26\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c41\u0c35\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c26\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c17\u0c30\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c09\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41, \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c1c\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2d\u0c41\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c35 \u0c2e\u0c28\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c41\u0c32\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c30\u0c46\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c4b\u0c28\u0c42, \u0c24\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c35 \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c40\u0c15\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c26\u0c17\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c24\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c35 \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c28, \u0c09\u0c26\u0c3e., \u0c07\u0c1f\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c26\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c3f\u0c23 \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c3e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">\u0c35\u0c4d<\/a> \u0c32\u0c41, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c40<\/a> \u0c15\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 (\u0c05\u0c30 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">\u0c2c\u0c4d<\/a> \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 <em>\u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f<\/em>). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3e \u0c26\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c41\u0c35\u0c28 \u0c2f\u0c42\u0c26\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c06 \r\n \u0c38\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c30\u0c4b\u0c2e\u0c3e \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c1c\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c28\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c40\u0c2f\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41<\/a>.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c05\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c47, \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c47 \u0c12\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c3e\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c0f\u0c15\u0c48\u0c15 \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c30\u0c02 \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c41. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>\u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c09\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c30 \u0c05\u0c2e\u0c46\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c02<\/em><\/a> \u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c41\u0c32\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c05\u0c32\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c0e\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c41\u0c15\u0c41 \r\n \u0c02\u0c1f\u0c47 \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c32\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c30\u0c02 \u0c07\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. \u0c15\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c42\u0c2c\u0c46\u0c15\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c47\u0c15\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c05\u0c32\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c1f\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c06\u0c38\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3f \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c26\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c02\u0c24 \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c2d\u0c3e\u0c17\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c0f\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c1f\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. \u0c07\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c06\u0c02\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c32 \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c21\u0c47 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c30\u0c23\u0c15\u0c41 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title=\"\u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c38\u0c46\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c30\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c15\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c42\u0c2c\u0c46\u0c15\u0c4d, \u0c38\u0c41\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 1911 \" alt=\"\u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c38\u0c46\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c30\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c15\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c42\u0c2c\u0c46\u0c15\u0c4d, \u0c38\u0c41\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 1911 \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c0e\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c35\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c2d\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28 \u0c2e\u0c42\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c46\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38 \u0c35\u0c46\u0c33\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c21\u0c02 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c02\u0c2d\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41, \u0c35\u0c40\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c21\u0c4b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c2f<\/a> \u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c30\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c2b\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u0c1a\u0c48<\/a> \u0c28\u0c40\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c1c\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c09\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. \u0c08 \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c1a\u0c4c\u0c15\u0c48\u0c28 \u0c36\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2e \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c30\u0c40 \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c23 \u0c2a\u0c28\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c15\u0c4b\u0c38\u0c02 \u0c28\u0c48\u0c2a\u0c41\u0c23\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c02 \u0c15\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c15\u0c33\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c24\u0c40\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c05\u0c28\u0c41\u0c2e\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c02\u0c26\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c17\u0c4d \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c32\u0c02\u0c2c\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c17\u0c4d \u0c32\u0c4b \u0c2a\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c1a\u0c47\u0c36\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41, \u0c1a\u0c48\u0c28\u0c40\u0c2f\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c35\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c4a\u0c02\u0c26\u0c30\u0c41 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-pacific-railway\">\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c2b\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c4d \u0c30\u0c48\u0c32\u0c4d<\/a> \u0c35\u0c47\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c42\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3f 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\u0c36\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2e \r\n \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c28\u0c48\u0c2a\u0c41\u0c23\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c05\u0c35\u0c38\u0c30\u0c2e\u0c28\u0c3f, \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f \u0c1c\u0c40\u0c35\u0c28 \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c46\u0c30\u0c41\u0c17\u0c41\u0c2a\u0c21\u0c1f\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c32\u0c4b\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c09\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c17\u0c41\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. \u0c2a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c23 \u0c15\u0c47\u0c02\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c40\u0c32\u0c15 \u0c06\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c30 \u0c2a\u0c4b\u0c37\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 - \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c40\u0c1f\u0c4d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d \u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41<\/a> \u0c35\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c21\u0c02, \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c41\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28 \u0c35 \r\n \u0c38\u0c4d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c30 \u0c15\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c17\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c15\u0c42\u0c32\u0c40\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c21\u0c02 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c41\u0c30\u0c41<\/a> \u0c17\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c35\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c24\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c35\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c21\u0c02. \u0c05\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c40, \u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c3f \r\n \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c3f 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cheered. \u0c2d\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c24\u0c26\u0c47\u0c36\u0c02\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c24\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c41\u0c21\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c23\u0c40\u0c15\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c24\u0c30\u0c41\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c24 \u0c2e\u0c43\u0c24\u0c3f \u0c1a\u0c46\u0c02\u0c26\u0c41\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">\u0c2e\u0c4a\u0c26\u0c1f\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2a\u0c02\u0c1a \u0c2f\u0c41\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c27\u0c02\u0c32\u0c4b, \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c1c<\/a> \u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c47\u0c15 \u0c39\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c40\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c46\u0c32\u0c30\u0c47\u0c17\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. \u0c08 \u0c1c\u0c46\u0c28\u0c4b\u0c2b\u0c4b\u0c2c\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c4d 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\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c3f. \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c30\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c02\u0c24 \u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c40\u0c2f \u0c38\u0c48\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c32\u0c47\u0c15\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3e, \u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c2f\u0c42\u0c26\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c21\u0c4b\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c09\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c46\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-army\">\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d<\/a> \u0c38\u0c48\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c02 \u0c15\u0c4b\u0c38\u0c02 \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1b\u0c02\u0c26\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c39\u0c3e\u0c1c\u0c30\u0c2f\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1910\u201411 \u0c32\u0c4b, 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(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28 <em>\u0c21<\/em> \u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c15\u0c41\u0c1f\u0c41\u0c02\u0c2c \u0c2a\u0c41\u0c28\u0c30\u0c47\u0c15\u0c40\u0c15\u0c30\u0c23 \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>1945 \u0c24\u0c30\u0c41\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c24 \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c32\u0c41<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u0c30\u0c46\u0c02\u0c21\u0c35 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2a\u0c02\u0c1a \u0c2f\u0c41\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c27\u0c02 \u0c2e\u0c41\u0c17\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c1f\u0c3f \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f, \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c2f\u0c41\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c27<\/a> \u0c02 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c39\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c38 \u0c26\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3e 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(\u0c32\u0c3e <em>\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c4d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/latin-americans\/\">\u0c05\u0c2e\u0c46\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41<\/a> \u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f<\/em>.) \u0c08 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c24\u0c3f \u0c38\u0c02\u0c26\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2d\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c32\u0c4b, \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c2c\u0c02\u0c27\u0c28\u0c32\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c39\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c2a\u0c41\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c3e\u0c27\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c23 \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c27\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c40 \r\n \u0c05\u0c28\u0c41\u0c38\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c15\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c05\u0c02\u0c17\u0c40\u0c15\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1978 \u0c32\u0c4b, \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24 \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30 <em>\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c1a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f<\/em> \u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c05\u0c2e\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f, \u0c07\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c4a\u0c26\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f, \u0c05\u0c23\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c47\u0c24 \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c2a\u0c41\u0c28\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c02 \u0c15\u0c4b\u0c38\u0c02 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c2f\u0c4a\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15 \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c2c\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c27\u0c24\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c27\u0c43\u0c35\u0c40\u0c15\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. \u0c05\u0c35\u0c3f, \u0c2a\u0c4c\u0c30\u0c38\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c02 \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f \u0c26\u0c47\u0c36\u0c02\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c39\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c38\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c2c\u0c3e\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3e\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c2d\u0c2f\u0c02 \u0c15\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41. \r\n\u0c26\u0c40\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c02, \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c2c\u0c02\u0c27\u0c28\u0c32\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c39\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c2a\u0c41\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c07\u0c15\u0c2a\u0c48 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c28\u0c41\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c35\u0c47\u0c36\u0c02 \u0c07\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c41\u0c21\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c1a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c02 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c2c\u0c02\u0c27\u0c28\u0c32\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c2d\u0c3e\u0c17\u0c02. \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c40 \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c35\u0c47\u0c36\u0c02 \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c26\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c39\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c21\u0c02 \u0c15\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c3f \r\n \u0c32\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c4b\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c27\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f<\/a> <em>\u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f<\/em>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c46\u0c2c\u0c46\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c2e\u0c40\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41\" alt=\"\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c46\u0c2c\u0c46\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c2e\u0c40\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c08 \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24 \u0c1a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c02 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c02 \u0c2e\u0c4a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c2e\u0c4a\u0c26\u0c1f\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c27\u0c3e\u0c28 \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c2a\u0c41\u0c28\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c38 \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2e\u0c02 1980 \u0c32 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c02\u0c2d\u0c02\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c09\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f, \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c06\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c3e \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c41\u0c16\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c35\u0c3f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">\u0c2f\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e<\/a> \u0c02 \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c17\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c21\u0c02\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c36\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c2f \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2a\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c28\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c15\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c02 \u0c35\u0c39\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c41\u0c21\u0c41, \r\n \u0c24\u0c30\u0c1a\u0c41\u0c17\u0c3e \u201c\u0c2a\u0c21\u0c35 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c1c\u0c32\u0c41.\u201d \u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28 \u0c2a\u0c21\u0c35\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c02 \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c24\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c41\u0c15\u0c41\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28 \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c27\u0c4d\u0c2f \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c21\u0c35 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c1c\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c0e\u0c02\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c24\u0c3e\u0c2e\u0c41 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c36\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c24 \u0c17\u0c43\u0c39\u0c3e\u0c32 \u0c15\u0c4b\u0c38\u0c02 \u0c0e\u0c26\u0c41\u0c30\u0c41\u0c1a\u0c42\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c41\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28 \u0c25\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c39\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f \u0c36\u0c3f\u0c2c\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c2e\u0c2f\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-boat-people-refugee-crisis\">\u201c\u0c2c\u0c4b\u0c1f\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c40\u0c2a\u0c41\u0c32\u0c4d\u201d \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f \u0c38\u0c02\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c4b\u0c2d\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \r\n \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c02\u0c26\u0c28<\/a> <em>\u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f<\/em>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c30\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c23 \u0c15\u0c4b\u0c30\u0c47 \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c02\u0c24\u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c05\u0c27\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c1a\u0c47 \u0c0e\u0c02\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c30\u0c41, \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c40 \u0c2c\u0c26\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f \u0c39\u0c4b\u0c26\u0c3e 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\u0c07\u0c02\u0c27\u0c28\u0c02 \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c2a \r\n \u0c21\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c2d\u0c42\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c27\u0c4d\u0c2f \u0c05\u0c2e\u0c46\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3e, \u0c06\u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3e, \u0c2e\u0c27\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c02, \u0c2d\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c24 \u0c09\u0c2a\u0c16\u0c02\u0c21\u0c02, \u0c1a\u0c48\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c2f\u0c41\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c27\u0c02 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c39\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c38\u0c32 \u0c2d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c15 \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c24\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c41\u0c15\u0c4b\u0c35\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2f\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c05\u0c2d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c23\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c02 \u0c15\u0c4b\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c12\u0c15\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f, \u0c06\u0c36\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2f\u0c02 \u0c2a\u0c4a\u0c02\u0c26\u0c47\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c24\u0c2e \r\n \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c43\u0c2d\u0c42\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c39\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c41\u0c24\u0c41\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c05\u0c27\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c42\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3f. \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f \u0c39\u0c4b\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c1c\u0c42\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c47, \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c09\u0c02\u0c21\u0c35\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c41; \u0c32\u0c47\u0c15\u0c2a\u0c4b\u0c24\u0c47, \u0c39\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 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(<em>\u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f<\/em> \u0c38\u0c3f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sikhism\/\">\u0c16\u0c3f\u0c1c\u0c02) \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c24\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c33 \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f \u0c39\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c06\u0c2f\u0c3e \u0c38\u0c30\u0c15\u0c41\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c30\u0c46\u0c02\u0c21\u0c41 \u0c28\u0c4c\u0c15\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c05\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2e\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c15\u0c41\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c41\u0c21\u0c41 1980 \u0c32 \u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c30\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c36<\/a> \r\n \u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c2f \u0c28\u0c3e\u0c1f\u0c15\u0c40\u0c2f\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c07\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c24\u0c40\u0c38\u0c41\u0c15\u0c41\u0c35\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. 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\u0c05\u0c2d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c23\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c41\u0c24\u0c41\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c06\u0c02\u0c26\u0c4b\u0c33\u0c28 \u0c1a\u0c46\u0c02\u0c26\u0c41\u0c24\u0c41\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1980 \u0c32 \u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c30\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 1990 \u0c32 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c02\u0c2d\u0c02\u0c32\u0c4b, \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f \u0c39\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c35\u0c47\u0c36\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c05\u0c21\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c41\u0c15\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f \u0c35\u0c47\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c4b\u0c30\u0c41\u0c24\u0c41\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c41\u0c21\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e, \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c09\u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c27\u0c3f \u0c28\u0c48\u0c2a\u0c41\u0c23\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c17\u0c23\u0c28\u0c40\u0c2f\u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28 \u0c06\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c35\u0c28\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c09\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28 \u0c07\u0c24\u0c30 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24 \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c17\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c24\u0c46\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">\u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c2e\u0c41<\/a> \u0c32\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c4b \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\/\">\u0c28\u0c40<\/a> \u0c2f\u0c4a\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15 \u0c15\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c1c\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c47\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2d\u0c41\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c35 \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c02\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c02\u0c2d\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f, 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\u0c2a\u0c4c\u0c30\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c47 \u0c09\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c1c\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c28\u0c40\u0c32\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c2a\u0c46\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c26 \u0c38\u0c02\u0c16\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c30\u0c3e\u0c15 \u0c30\u0c46\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c17\u0c4a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c30\u0c15\u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28 \u0c39\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c38 \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c16\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c2e\u0c41\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c4a\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>11 \u0c38\u0c46\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c46\u0c02\u0c2c\u0c30\u0c4d 2001 \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>2001 \u0c38\u0c46\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c46\u0c02\u0c2c\u0c30\u0c4d 11 \u0c28\u0c3e\u0c1f\u0c3f \u0c38\u0c02\u0c18\u0c1f\u0c28\u0c32 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37 \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c2e\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e, \u0c09\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c26 \u0c2e\u0c41\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c41, \u0c2d\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c24\u0c3e \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c32\u0c41, \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c24\u0c28 \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c27\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c20\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c24\u0c30\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e<\/a> <em>\u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f<\/em>.) \r\n2002 \u0c32\u0c4b, \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30 <em>\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c05\u0c02\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c30\u0c46\u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c42\u0c1c\u0c40 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c4a\u0c1f\u0c46\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c4d<\/em> (\u0c10\u0c06\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c0e) \u0c06\u0c2e\u0c4b\u0c26\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24 \u0c1a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c02 1976 \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30 <em>\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c1a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c2d\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c40 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f<\/em>. \u0c07\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32\u0c24\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c39\u0c3e \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c24\u0c30\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. \u0c0f\u0c26\u0c47\u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28\u0c3e, \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c2e <em>\u0c28\u0c4d<\/em> -\u0c32\u0c3e \u0c32\u0c47\u0c26\u0c3e \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c17 \u0c38\u0c02\u0c2c\u0c02\u0c27 \r\n \u0c3e\u0c32\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c09\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c35\u0c47\u0c36\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c08 \u0c1a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c02 \u0c38\u0c41\u0c32\u0c2d\u0c24\u0c30\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c32\u0c2a\u0c48 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c2f\u0c4a\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15 \u0c15\u0c20\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28 \u0c35\u0c48\u0c16\u0c30\u0c3f 2009\u20142010\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c24\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c33 \u0c06\u0c36\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2f\u0c02 \u0c2a\u0c4a\u0c02\u0c26\u0c47\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c0e\u0c32\u0c3e \u0c35\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c35\u0c39\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c4b \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c2c\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c2c\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. \u201c\u0c2c\u0c4b\u0c17\u0c38\u0c4d\u201d \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c47, \u0c1a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c2c\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c27\u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28 \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c09\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c40 \u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c1c\u0c48\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c36\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37 \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c27\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c30\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c23 \u0c15\u0c4b\u0c30\u0c47\u0c02\u0c26\u0c41\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c2f\u0c41\u0c0e\u0c38\u0c4d-\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c38\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c39\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c26\u0c41 \r\n \u0c38\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2e\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c26\u0c3e\u0c1f\u0c21\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c41\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28 \u0c06\u0c36\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c27\u0c41\u0c32\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c32\u0c41\u0c35\u0c41\u0c30\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c05\u0c26\u0c47\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c27\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. (\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28 <em>\u0c21\u0c3e-\u0c2f\u0c41\u0c28\u0c48\u0c1f\u0c46\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c47\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c38\u0c47\u0c2b\u0c4d \u0c25\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c40 \u0c12\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c02\u0c26\u0c02 \u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">\u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f<\/a>.) \r\n\u0c07\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c4a\u0c15 \u0c26\u0c47\u0c36\u0c02\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c06\u0c36\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2f\u0c02 \u0c2a\u0c4a\u0c02\u0c26\u0c21\u0c02 \u0c05\u0c02\u0c24\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c40\u0c2f\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c17\u0c41\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c2a\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c4a\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c35 \u0c39\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c05\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c40 \u0c07\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c1c\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c08 \u0c35\u0c48\u0c16\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c3f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f \u0c38\u0c02\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c4b\u0c2d\u0c02\u0c2a\u0c48 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c02\u0c26\u0c28\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c2d\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c09\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c3f<\/a>. 2015 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 2017 \u0c2e\u0c27\u0c4d\u0c2f, \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c35\u0c47\u0c17\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \r\n 54,000 \u0c38\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c36\u0c30\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c41\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c41\u0c28\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. \u0c08 \u0c38\u0c02\u0c16\u0c4d\u0c2f \u0c2f\u0c41\u0c0e\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c47 \u0c0e\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c35\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c09\u0c02\u0c21\u0c17\u0c3e, \u0c1c\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c28\u0c40, \u0c32\u0c46\u0c2c\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d, \u0c1f\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c40 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c40\u0c21\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c3f \u0c07\u0c24\u0c30 \u0c26\u0c47\u0c36\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c24\u0c4b \u0c2a\u0c4b\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c24\u0c47 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c38\u0c39\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c02 \u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c4b\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c06\u0c27\u0c41\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15-\u0c30\u0c4b\u0c1c\u0c41 \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c24\u0c3f \u0c38\u0c02\u0c35\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c30\u0c02 \u0c17\u0c23\u0c28\u0c40\u0c2f\u0c2e\u0c48\u0c28 \u0c38\u0c02\u0c16\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c05\u0c02\u0c26\u0c41\u0c15\u0c41\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c41\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. 2001 \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f 2014 \u0c35\u0c30\u0c15\u0c41, \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c24\u0c3f \u0c38\u0c02\u0c35\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c30\u0c02 \u0c38\u0c17\u0c1f\u0c41\u0c28 \u0c38\u0c41\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 249,500 \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c32\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c2a\u0c21\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. 2015\u0c32\u0c4b 271,800 \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c48\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c47\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c17\u0c3e, 2016\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c08 \u0c38\u0c02\u0c16\u0c4d\u0c2f 296, \r\n 300\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c48\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c2a\u0c46\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2016 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 2021 \u0c2e\u0c27\u0c4d\u0c2f, \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e 1.3 \u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c48\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c17\u0c24\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. 2021 \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u0c1c\u0c28\u0c3e<\/a> \u0c2d\u0c3e \u0c32\u0c46\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c32 \u0c21\u0c47\u0c1f\u0c3e \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c2a\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c41\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f, \u0c2d\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c24\u0c26\u0c47\u0c36\u0c02, \u0c2b\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c40\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c48\u0c28\u0c3e \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38 \r\n \u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c07\u0c1f\u0c40\u0c35\u0c32\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c2e\u0c42\u0c21\u0c41 \u0c05\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c02\u0c24 \u0c0e\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c35 \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c42\u0c39\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41. \u0c07\u0c1f\u0c40\u0c35\u0c32 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c41\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 18.6 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02 \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c2d\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b, 11.4 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02 \u0c2b\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c40\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b, 8.9 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02 \u0c1a\u0c48\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c1c\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">\u0c26\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c3f\u0c23\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c3e \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f; \u0c2b\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c3f<\/a> \u0c28\u0c4b \u0c15\u0c46 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41; \u0c1a\u0c48\u0c28\u0c40\u0c38\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28<\/a> \u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41.)<\/a><\/em> \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c07\u0c24\u0c30 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c27\u0c3e\u0c28 \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c42\u0c39\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c38\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c3e \r\n (4.8 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02), \u0c28\u0c48\u0c1c\u0c40\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c3e (3 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02), \u0c2f\u0c41\u0c28\u0c48\u0c1f\u0c46\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c47\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d (3 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02), \u0c2a\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d (2.7 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02), \u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c4d (2 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02), \u0c07\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d (1.9 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02) \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c2f\u0c41\u0c28\u0c48\u0c1f\u0c46\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c2e\u0c4d (1.7 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02) \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c09\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c2d\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c3f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c1c\u0c4d \u0c24\u0c40\u0c38\u0c41\u0c15\u0c4b\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f!<\/strong> \r\n<br>\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c1c\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c4d \u0c1b\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c46\u0c02\u0c1c\u0c4d \u0c05\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c47 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">\u0c08 \u0c15\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c1c\u0c4d \u0c24\u0c40\u0c38\u0c41\u0c15\u0c4b\u0c35\u0c21\u0c02 \u0c26\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3e \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c2c\u0c39\u0c41\u0c33\u0c38\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c43<\/a> \u0c24\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c24 \u0c17\u0c41\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c40 \u0c1c\u0c4d\u0c1e\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c40\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f! \u0c39\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3e \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c2f\u0c4a\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15 \u0c12\u0c15 \u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2e\u0c02, \u0c2a\u0c4c\u0c30\u0c38\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c35 \r\n \u0c1b\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c46\u0c02\u0c1c\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c28\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c15\u0c4d \u0c2a\u0c4c\u0c30\u0c38\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c35 \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c40 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37, \u0c05\u0c32\u0c3e\u0c17\u0c47 \u0c07\u0c24\u0c30 \u0c28\u0c47\u0c2a\u0c25\u0c4d\u0c2f \u0c15\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c1c\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c24\u0c40\u0c38\u0c41\u0c15\u0c4b\u0c35\u0c21\u0c02 \u0c26\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3e \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f \u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c40\u0c2f \u0c1c\u0c4d\u0c1e\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c30\u0c40\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37<\/a> \u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c06\u0c39\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c41\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c15\u0c4a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c05\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c27\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 (88.7 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02) \u0c28\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41\u0c17\u0c41 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c41\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c2a\u0c21\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41: \u0c05\u0c02\u0c1f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">\u0c3e\u0c30<\/a> \u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c4b (44 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02), \u0c15\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c42\u0c2c\u0c46 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u0c15\u0c4d<\/a> (15.3 \r\n \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02), <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">\u0c2c\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c32\u0c02<\/a> \u0c2c\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c3e (14.9 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02) \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">\u0c05\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c2c\u0c46\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c3e (14.5<\/a> \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02). \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c0e\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c41\u0c35 \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c1f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">\u0c4a<\/a> \u0c30\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c4b (29.5 \r\n \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02), \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c30 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">\u0c3f\u0c2f<\/a> \u0c32\u0c4d (12.2 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02), \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c02\u0c15\u0c4b\u0c35\u0c30\u0c4d (11.7 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02) \u0c35\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c27\u0c3e\u0c28 \u0c2a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c23 \u0c15\u0c47\u0c02\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c15\u0c42\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c08 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c38\u0c41\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c28\u0c3f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">\u0c35<\/a> \u0c38\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c41\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41. \u0c08 \u0c2e\u0c42\u0c21\u0c41 \u0c28\u0c17\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c2e\u0c47 \u0c07\u0c1f\u0c40\u0c35\u0c32\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c02\u0c26\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c17\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c2a\u0c48\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c40\u0c15\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c38\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c3f. \u0c05\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c40, \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c07\u0c24\u0c30 \u0c2a\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c1f\u0c23 \u0c15\u0c47\u0c02\u0c26\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c2a\u0c21\u0c1f\u0c02\u0c24\u0c4b \u0c08 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02 \u0c24\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c17\u0c3f\u0c2a\u0c4b\u0c2f\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2021 \u0c1c\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c2d\u0c3e \u0c32\u0c46\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c15\u0c32 \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c02, \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c35\u0c46\u0c32\u0c41\u0c2a\u0c32 \u0c1c\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c1c\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c2d\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b 23 \u0c36\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c02 (8.3 \u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c32\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c32 \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f) \u0c09\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41 - 1921 \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c41-\u0c05\u0c27\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3f. \u0c1c\u0c3f 7 \u0c26\u0c47\u0c36\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c37\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c3f \u0c05\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c27\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c09\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f. <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c1c\u0c3f 7 \u0c1a\u0c42\u0c21\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f<\/a>.)<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0c06\u0c27\u0c41\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3e \u0c05\u0c28\u0c47\u0c15 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38 \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c42\u0c39\u0c3e\u0c32 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c30\u0c1a\u0c28\u0c32\u0c2a\u0c48 \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c2c\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f, \u0c2e\u0c4a\u0c26\u0c1f\u0c3f \u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c46\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c4d \u0c38\u0c4d\u0c25\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c38\u0c41\u0c32\u0c24\u0c4b \u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c02\u0c2d\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f, \u0c2f\u0c41\u0c28\u0c48\u0c1f\u0c46\u0c21\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c21\u0c2e\u0c4d, \u0c38\u0c46\u0c02\u0c1f\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c32\u0c4d \u0c2f\u0c42\u0c30\u0c2a\u0c4d, \u0c15\u0c30\u0c47\u0c2c\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c06\u0c2b\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3e \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c28 \u0c15\u0c4a\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3f \u0c26\u0c4d\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c3e, \u0c06\u0c38\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c27\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c3e\u0c1a\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c02 \u0c28\u0c41\u0c02\u0c21\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30 \r\n \u0c41\u0c32 \u0c35\u0c30\u0c15\u0c41. \u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c24\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c39\u0c02\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c02 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\u0c35\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c15\u0c4d\u0c37 \u0c35\u0c32\u0c4d\u0c32 \u0c0e\u0c26\u0c41 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">\u0c30\u0c2f\u0c4d\u0c2f\u0c47<\/a> \u0c38\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c33\u0c4d\u0c32\u0c41 \u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c3f<\/a> \u0c32\u0c3f \u0c09\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c2a\u0c4d\u0c2a\u0c1f\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c40, \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c3e \r\n \u0c1c\u0c02 \u0c38\u0c3e\u0c27\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c23\u0c02\u0c17\u0c3e \u0c07\u0c2e\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c17\u0c4d\u0c30\u0c47\u0c37\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c15\u0c41 \u0c24\u0c46\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c1a\u0c3f \u0c09\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c05\u0c02\u0c24\u0c47\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c15, \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c1a\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c3e \u0c2e\u0c02\u0c26\u0c3f \u0c35\u0c32\u0c38\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c41\u0c32 \u0c38\u0c39\u0c15\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c02 \u0c2e\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c41 \u0c15\u0c46\u0c28\u0c21\u0c3f\u0c2f\u0c28\u0c4d \u0c28\u0c47\u0c32\u0c2a\u0c48 \u0c2e\u0c46\u0c30\u0c41\u0c17\u0c48\u0c28 \u0c38\u0c2e\u0c3e\u0c1c\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c4d\u0c28\u0c3f \u0c28\u0c3f\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c21\u0c02\u0c32\u0c4b \u0c38\u0c39\u0c3e\u0c2f\u0c2a\u0c21\u0c3e\u0c32\u0c28\u0c47 \u0c15\u0c4b\u0c30\u0c3f\u0c15 \u0c35\u0c3f\u0c35\u0c3e\u0c26\u0c3e\u0c28\u0c3f\u0c15\u0c3f \u0c2e\u0c3f\u0c02\u0c1a\u0c3f\u0c28\u0c26\u0c3f.<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"te","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-07T01:52:28.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-07T01:52:28.000000Z"},{"id":"9db397a8-554b-47cf-a436-f9e0ab2d76dd","article_id":"76085","title":"Imigrasyon sa Canada","summary":"<p>Ang paggalaw ng mga indibidwal ng isang bansa patungo sa isa pa para sa layunin ng pag-reset ay sentro sa kasaysayan ng Canada. Ang kuwento ng imigrasyon sa Canada ay hindi isa sa maayos na paglago ng populasyon; sa halip, ito ay naging \u2014 at nananatiling isa \u2014 tungkol sa pag-un \r\n lad ng ekonomiya pati na rin ang mga saloobin at halaga ng Canada. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">Madalas itong naging walang kahihirapan sa ekonomiya na paglilingkod sa sarili at diskriminasyon sa etniko o lahi sa kabila ng nag-aambag sa paglikha ng isang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">multikultur<\/a> al na lipunan (tingnan sa Patakaran sa <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">Imigrasyon sa Canada<em>;<\/em> Refugee to Canada<\/a>).<\/a> Nag-ambag din ang imigrasyon sa pag \r\n tatapon ng mga katutub <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">ong tao sa kanilang mga lu<\/a> pain ng ninuno.<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"Mga Imigrante sa Galician\" alt=\"Mga Imigrante sa Galician\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"Mga Bata na Yulila na Pumunta sa Canada\" alt=\"Mga Bata na Yulila na Pumunta sa Canada\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"Russian Doukhobors\" alt=\"Russian Doukhobors\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"Mga imigrante\" alt=\"Mga imigrante\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"Huling Pinakamahusay na West\" alt=\"Huling Pinakamahusay na West\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Imigrasyon sa Bagong Pransya (ika-16 \u2014 18 siglo)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Sa buong ika-17 at karamihan ng ika-18 siglo, ang mga administrasyong kolonyal ng Europa, na inangasiwaan sa pangangasiwa kung ano ang magiging Canada, ay hindi itinuturing na isang priyoridad ang pag-aayos. Ang mga pamahalaan ng Pransya o Britanya sa una ay tila hindi handa na gumastos ng malaking dami ng pera \r\n o enerhiya na kinakailangan upang hikayatin ang pag-aayos. Hindi rin sikat ang paglipat sa Canada sa Pransya o Britanya. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/fur-trade\/\">Natatakot ang mga mangangalakal, mga mangangalakal, at partikular na mga mangangalakal na kumikilos para sa mga interes ng Britanya o Pranses sa pagkagambala ng mga naninirahan sa kapaki-pakinabang na kalakalan (\r\ntingnan sa<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Gayunpaman, sa kalaunan ay nagbago ang patakaran at maingat at dahan-dahang hinikayat ng mga awtoridad ng kolonyal Inaasahan nila na magagarantiyahan ng mga naninirahan ang soberanya ng mga pangangkin ng kolonyal na lupa at samantalahin ang mga likas na yaman - madalas sa n \r\n galan ng mga mamum Inaasahan din na maibabago ng mga naninirahan ang mga katut <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">ubong tao sa<\/a> Kristiyanismo. Unti-unti lumaki ang mga pamayanan ngunit hindi walang kahirapan \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/new-france\/\">Ang populasyon ng Bagong Pran<\/a> sya noong panahon ng Pananakop ng Brit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">anya<\/a> (1759\u201460) ay mga 65,000. Sa \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\">Nova Scotia, ang isang pinili<\/a> pat na pamayanan ng E <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/scots\">skosya<\/a> ay pinagdagan ng mga nagtat <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\">rabaho ng Aleman<\/a> at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\">Swiss<\/a> Noong huling bahagi ng 1700s, pinalakas ng mga naninira <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\">han ng Irish<\/a> ang populasyon ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">Newfoundland<\/a>. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bagaman nilimitahan ng tagumpay ng Britanya ang pagli <em>pat mula sa Pransya<\/em> (ting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-immigration-in-canada\">nan din ang Imigrasyon ng Pransya sa Canada<\/a>), hindi ito agad nagdulot ng isang malaking bilang ng mga imigrante na nagsasalita \r\n ng Ingles. Maliban sa ilang mga tagapangasiwa ng Britanya, tauhan ng militar, at mangangalakal na napuno sa vacuum na iniwan ng kanilang mga umalis na katapat sa Pranses, ilang mga naninirahan na nagsasalita ng Ingles ang tila interesado sa Canada. Sa katunayan, nag \r\n -aalinlangan kung tinatanggap ang mga naninirahan ng mga bagong tagapangasiwa ng Britanya. Natatakot ang huli na ang isang pagdaloy ng mga Protestanteng nagsasalita <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">ng<\/a> Ingles ay magiging kumplik \r\n ado sa pangangasiwa sa isang kamakail <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">ang nasakop na teritoryo ng Rom<\/a> Karamihan sa mga migrante sa Britanya ay higit na hinihikayat na hanapin ang mas mapagtamang klima at pamil \r\n yar na institusyong panlipunan ng mga kolonya ng Amerika sa timog ng Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1nQwJ4NDRaO1PhAPuWnxDoGN2adxIhoqj\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>Loyalista na Imigrasyon (ika-18 \u2014 19 na siglo)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Marami sa mga bag <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/province-of-quebec-1763-91\">ong pinuno ng Britanya ng Quebec<\/a> ay napilitang tanggapin ang maraming libu-libong nagsasalita ng Ingles at kadalasang Protestante na naninirahan ng Rebolusyong Amerikano. \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">Kilala bilang United Empire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\">Loyalists, sila ay higit sa<\/a> lahat ng mga pulitang pampulitika.<\/a> Marami sa kanila ang lumipat sa hilaga \r\n hindi sa pagpili ngunit dahil kailangan nilang gawin. Marami alinman ang hindi nais na maging mamamayan ng bagong republika ng Amerika o dahil natatakot sila sa paghihiganti para sa kanilang suporta sa publiko sa British. Para sa mga Loyalist na ito, ang Canada ay isang lupain ng pangalawang pagpipilian, tulad ng magiging para sa hindi mabilang na mga imigrante sa hinaharap na dumating dahil hindi kanais- \r\n nais ang manatili sa bahay, at ang pagpasok sa ibang lugar, madalas sa US, ay pinaghihigpit.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang paglipat ng loyalista ay sinusuportahan ng mga awtoridad ng Canada na nag-aalok ng mga supply sa mga bagong naninirahan at inayos ang pamamahagi ng lupa. Sa kabila ng mga paghihirap na tiisin ng mga naninirahan, ang kanilang kalagayan ay ginawang hindi gaanong matindi dahil sa interbensyon ng mga ahente ng gobyerno, \r\n isang kasanayan na paulit-ulit sa Canada nang maraming beses.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Maraming <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">mga Itim na Loyalista ang<\/a> umalis din sa Estados Unidos para sa British North America. Sa kabila ng pagkamantay sa British sa panahon ng Digmaang Kalayaan ng Amerika, nahaharap ang mga \r\n Black Loyalist sa pagkaaway ng rasista at malaking hindi pagkakapantay-pantay. Sa kabila nito, nagtitiyaga sila at nagtayo ng malakas na pamayanan, partikular na sa mga bayan tulad ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/shelburne\">Shelburne at<\/a> Birch \r\n town sa Nova Scotia. (<em>Tingnan din ang<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-feature\">Pagdating ng mga Itim na Loyalist sa Nova Scotia<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Imigrasyon sa Irish (ika-19 na siglo)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Sa buong kalagitnaan ng ika-19 na siglo, ang mga kolonya - partikular na Canada West - ay bumalik sa isang pattern ng masakit na mabagal at hindi maayos na paglago ng ekonomiya. Opisyal na hinikayat ang imigrasyon mula sa Britanya at maging ang US unti-unting pinuno ang mas mahusay na lupain \r\n ng agrikultura sa kolonya at pinalakas ang mga bagong komersyal o administratibong bayan. Ang mga bagong imigrante ay karaniwang katulad ng itinatag na komunidad. Gayunpaman, ang dakilang gutom ng patatas ng Irish at, sa isang mas kaunting antas, isang serye ng mga mapaglaban na paghihimagsik sa Europa \r\n noong 1848 ay nagpadala ng mga bagong kohort ng imigrante sa Hilagang Amerika.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/a1d07311-76d4-4add-a712-6cf7e3974330.jpg\" title=\"Mga imigrante sa Ireland\" alt=\"Mga imigrante sa Ireland\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31e9a52d-4036-4435-9432-137b0f21fbda.jpg\" title=\"Imigrasyon sa Ireland\" alt=\"Imigrasyon sa Ireland\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Sa sampu-sampu-libong mga migrante na ito, marami ang mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">Irish<\/a> na ang pagdating sa Canada ay nagsimula ng mga pangunahing pagbabago sa lipunan at Sa maraming aspeto, ang mga Irish ang unang pangunahing kohort ng mga imigrante sa ibang ban \r\n sa ng Canada pagkatapos ng mga Ingles at Pranses. Bagaman ang mga Irish sa pangkalahatan ay nagsasalita ng Ingles, hindi nila sinasalamin ang mga halagang panlipunan, kultura o relihiyon ng mga Anglo-Canadians Bumuo sila ng isang Romano Katolikong minorya sa isang kadalasang Protestanteng Canada-Kanluran. \r\nGayunpaman, ang mga Katoliko ng Irish ay medyo mas nasa bahay kasama ang mga French Canadian na nagbahagi ng kanilang pananampalataya ngunit hindi ang kanilang wika. Marami sa katapatan ng mga imigrante ng Irish sa British Crown ay lumitaw din na suspek sa isang Canada kung saan ang masigasig na katapatan ay hinihiling bilang seguro \r\n laban sa banta ng republikanismo ng Amerikano.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/history-of-agriculture\/\">Matapos makatakas sa isang buhay na agraryo kung saan ang agrikultura ay magkasingkahulugan ng kahirapan at pag-asa, ang ilan sa mga Irish na naaabot sa gutom ay may kaunti o walang sigasig sa buhay ng buhay ng bukid (tingnan sa Kasaysayan ng Agrikultura).<\/a><\/em> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/railway-history\/\">Sa halip, ang mga Irish ay nagtrabaho nang pana-panahon sa bagong pinalawak na sistema ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canals-and-inland-waterways\/\">kanal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/timber-trade-history\/\">industriya ng kahoy, \r\n at lum<\/a> alagong network ng tren. \r\n<\/a> Dahil sa kanilang hindi gaanong masuwerteng katayuan sa panlipun-ekonomiya pati na rin sa kanilang natatanging pagkakakilanlan ng etniko at relihiyon, ang hiwalay na mga kapitbahayan ng Irish ay lumitaw sa mga lungsod ng \r\n Canada at mas malalak<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Paglilipat sa Kanluran (ika-19 \u2014 unang bahagi ng ika-20 siglo)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\/\">Sa medyo mababang rate ng kamatayan, mataas na rate ng kapanganakan, at maliit ngunit patuloy na paglipat mula sa British Isles, ang agarang panahon ng post- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/confederation\/\">Confederation<\/a> ay may mga problema sa labis na populasyon \r\n (\r\ntingnan sa Populasyon).<\/a><\/em> Ang isyung ito ay higit pang pinalakas ng pagtaas ng bihirang lupa na maaaring magsasaka.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Samantala, ang US - sa tila walang hangganan nitong supply ng libre, mayabong na lupain - nakakaakit ng libu-libong mga bagong imigrante at Anglo-Canadians. Ang industriya ng Amerikano ay nakakaakit ng maraming Pranses Canadians ay nagtatrabaho sa mga pabrika ng New England (tingnan sa mga \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franco-americans\/\">Fran <em>co-<\/em><\/a> Amerikano).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tungo sa huling bahagi ng ika-19 na siglo, binuksan ang hinaharap na mga lalawigan ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prairie\/\">Prairie ng Canada para sa pag-arehistro, n<\/a> gunit pagkatapos lamang \u2014 kung minsan ay marahas \u2014 palilipat ang mga tao ng Un <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-nations\">ang Bansa at<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/metis\">M\u00e9tis<\/a> mula sa kanilang mga lupain. (<em>Tingnan din ang Nor<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">th-West Rebellion<\/a>.) Gayunpaman, ang malaking su \r\n kat na paglipat ay tumaas lamang nang tumaas din ang pangangailangan para sa mga produktong agrikultura tulad ng trigo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang pangangailangan para sa mga kalakal sa bukid, lalo na ang matigas na trigo, ay tumutugma sa halalan ng pamahalaan ni <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">Wilfrid Laurier<\/a>, na naghikayat sa pag-aayos sa kanluran na may malalaking imigrasyon. \r\nAng bagong ministro ng panloob ng Canada, si <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">Clifford Sifton, ay nag-organisa ng<\/a> isang nabago at malayong programa sa imigrasyon. Handa pa siyang, kung hindi nag-aatubili, na tanggapin ang mga nagtatra \r\n baho sa agrikultura mula sa mga lugar maliban sa British Isles, Northern Europe, at US. Gayunpaman, ang kahandaan ni Sifton na buksan ang imigrasyon sa labas ng mga tradisyunal na mapagkukunan ay hindi sumasalamin sa patakaran sa <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">imigrasyon ng Canada<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Para sa mga taga-Canada na nagsasalita ng Ingles, ang tradisyunal na kahulugan ng mga perpektong imigrante ay maaaring binago ngunit hindi radikal na binago. Mas gusto ng gobyerno ng Canada ang mga puting migrante na nagsasalita ng Ingles mula sa loob ng Imperyo ng Britanya at mula sa US. Kasabay nito, ang \r\n mga hindi puting migrante ay tinanggihan ang pagpasok sa mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">rasistong bat<\/a> ayan. Ang mga perpektong imigrante ay mga independiyenteng magsasaka ng Britanya o Amerikano na manirahan sa Kanluran.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Pindutin ng mga interes sa negosyo at riles upang madagdagan ang imigrasyon, balanse ng mga awtoridad ng imigrasyon ang kanilang mga etnikong pagkabalisa laban sa isang maliliit na paghahanap para sa mga Inilista nila ang mga perpektong naninirahan sa isang pababa na kagu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">Ang mga agrikulturalista ng British at Amerik \r\n ano ay sinundan ng mga Pranses, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">Belgian, O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">land<\/a> es,<\/a> Scandinavian, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">Swiss<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">Finns<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">Rus<\/a> o, Austro-Hungarian (tingnan sa mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">Austri<\/a> ano; \r\n Hungarian), Aleman, <em>Ukra<\/em> inian, at Poles. \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a> \r\nMalapit sa ibaba ng listahan ay dumating ang mga, sa parehong pampubliko at isipan ng <em>pam<\/em> ahalaan, hindi gaanong maaasahan at hindi gaanong kanais-nais, hal., mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">Ital<\/a> yano, Timog Slav, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">Gri<\/a> ego at Syriano (tingnan sa mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">Ara<\/a> bo Canadian). Sa ibaba ay dumating ang mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Hudyo<\/a>, \r\n Asyano, mga Roma, at mga taong \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">Itim.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Gayunpaman, walang tanging boses ang Ottawa pagdating sa imigrasyon. Bini <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>gyan din ng British North America Act<\/em><\/a> ang mga lalawigan ng boses sa imigr \r\n asyon kung pinili nilang gawin ito. Partikular na interesado ang Quebec na gawin ito at nag-set up ng sarili nitong departamento ng imigrasyon. Ito ay bahagyang bilang tugon sa pagpapalawak ng Canada na nagsasalita ng Ingles at sa pagsisikap na pigilan, kung hindi baligtarin, ang paglipat ng mga kabataan sa kanayunan ng \r\n Quebec patungo sa New England. Sa pakikipagtulungan sa mga pederal na awtoridad, ang mga ahente ng imigrasyon ay ipinadala sa New England upang hikayatin ang mga French Canadian na bumalik sa bahay upang manirahan ang mga bago ngunit marginal na lupain Ang programa ay may limitadong tagumpay lamang, ngunit nagpatuloy ang pag \r\n lahok ng Quebec sa pamamahala ng sarili nitong mga priyoridad sa imigrasyon.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Mga Migrante at mga sentro ng lunsod<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Sa kabila ng pag-iingat ng gobyerno, hindi lahat ng mga imigrante ay nakatuon sa pagsasamantala ng mapagkukunan o agri Tulad ng mga Irish bago nila, maraming mga imigrante na hindi nagsasalita ng Ingles at higit sa lahat na hindi Protestante ang tumanggi sa isang buhay na paghihiwalay sa kanayunan, \r\n na pumili na magtra Bukod dito, marami sa mga migrante na ito ang nakita lamang ang kanilang sarili bilang naninirahan sa Canada o North America pansamantalang. Hinangad ng ilan na kumita ng sapat na pera upang bumili ng isang piraso ng lupa sa bahay, upang magtipon ng isang dory para sa isang kapatid na babae, o upang mabayaran ang utang ng pamilya. \r\nGayunpaman, ang marami na gumamit ng mga kahulugan ng tagumpay ng Hilagang Amerika o na hindi makabalik sa bahay dahil sa mga pagkabalit sa politika ay nagtatag ng kanilang sarili sa Canada. Kung maaari, dinala nila ang kanilang mga asawa at anak upang sumali sa kanila.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"Mga manggagawa sa Immigration Center, Quebec, tungkol sa 1911 \" alt=\"Mga manggagawa sa Immigration Center, Quebec, tungkol sa 1911 \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang mga migrante na may lalong magkakaibang pinagmulan ay nagsimulang lumipat sa Canada, kabilang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">dit<\/a> o ang mga Macedonian, Ruso, Finns, at mga T <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">sino<\/a>. Marami sa mga bagong migrante na ito ang pinapayagan na pumasok sa Canada upang masiyahan ang pangangailangan para sa murang paggawa o isang pool ng mga bihasang manggagawa para sa gawaing pabrika o konstruksyon. Ang ilan ay nagtrabaho sa pagmimina o lumbing, ang iba tulad ng mga Tsino ay nagtrabaho upang matapos ang Can \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-pacific-railway\">adian Pacific Railway<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">Marami ang nanirahan sa mga pangunahing lun <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">gsod tulad ng Montreal<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">, Winnipeg<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">Toronto<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hamilton\/\">Hamilton, at<\/a> Vancouver.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">Gayunpaman, ang mga imigrante na ito ay nahaharap ng mga etniko at relihiyosong pagkabalisa at mga paghihi \r\n rap na dating nakalaan lamang para sa mga Irish.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang pagdating ng mga migrante mula sa iba&#39;t ibang mga background sa kultura ay nagdulot ng ilang rasistong pagkaaway mula sa maraming mga taga-Canada. Ang ilang mga taga-Canada ay tumugon nang may marangal na pagpaparaya. Kinilala nila na ang mga dayuhan na ito ay narito upang manatili, na kinakailangan ang kanilang paggawa \r\n at kasanayan, at ang kanilang mga kondisyon sa pamumuhay ay napapailalim sa pagpapabuti. Ang mga imigrante ay gumaganap ng mahalagang papel na pang-ekonomiya sa mga sentro ng lunsod \u2014 naglalagay ng \r\n mga track ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">streetcar<\/a>, nagtatrabaho sa lum <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">alawak na pab<\/a> rika ng tela at paghuhukay Gayunpaman, maraming mga taga-Canada gayunpaman ang humingi ng mas mahigpit na kontrol sa imigrasyon sa mga linya ng etniko o lahi. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Imigrasyon at Rasismo<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang patakaran at administrasyon ng imigrasyon ng Canada ay lumubog sa pangangailangan sa pang-ekonomiya sa pamamagitan ng pagpapahintulot sa ilang mga migrante sa Canada Gayunpaman, nag-aatubili lamang nito. Sa lalong madaling panahon, inilagay ang mga mahigpit na kontrol sa imigrasyon upang ihinto ang imigrasyon sa mga linya ng etniko \r\n at lahi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"Sertipiko ng Imigrasyon ng\" alt=\"Sertipiko ng Imigrasyon ng\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Partikular na naka-target ang paglipat ng Tsino. Ang mga hakbang tulad ng buwis <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">sa ulo ng China<\/a>, landing tax, bilateral na mga kasunduan sa paghihigpit at iba pang mga paghihig \r\n pit sa paglalakbay ay halos ipinagbabawal (<em>Tingnan din ang<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">Chinese Immigration Act<\/a>.) Tumanggi din ng mga awtoridad ng Canada na pahintulutan ang pag-arehistro ng mga \r\n babaeng imigrante Natatakot ng gobyerno na hikayatin nito ang mga kalalakihang Tsino, na pansamantalang nasa Canada bilang mga manggagawa sa tren o mina, na tumira nang permanente. Mayroong malawakang rasista na takot sa isang inaasahang \u201cdilaw na panganib\u201d na magpapanganib sa moral na tela ng li \r\n punan ng Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Noong 1914, halos 400 migrante ng India sa sakop ng barko na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>Komagata Maru<\/em><\/a> ay lumakas sa daungan ng Vancouver habang pinagtatalunan ng mga awtoridad ng Canada kung ano ang gagawin sa kanila. Sa kabila \r\n ng pagiging mga paksa ng Imperyo ng Britanya, inilantad ng mga pasahero ang mga rasistong paghihigpit ng Canada na ipinataw sa paglipat Ang bagong navy ng Canada, na aksyon sa kauna-unahang pagkakataon, ay nag-eskorta ng barko mula sa tubig ng Canada habang maraming residente ng Vancouver ang sumusuporta mula sa bay \r\n bayin. Marami sa mga pasahero ang mamatay sa kalaunan kapag bumalik sa India<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Noong Unang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">Digmaang Pandaigdig<\/a>, sumabog ang anti-German hysteria sa Canada. Ang xenophobic na pagkaaway na ito ay higit na nakadirekta laban sa mga may kaugnayan sa mga bansang kaaway. Bagaman ang \r\n mga dayuhan na may mga link sa mga bansang may kaugnayan sa Canada ay naka-target din. Sa kabila ng mga pangangailangan ng lakas ng militar ng Canada, nadama ng mga awtoridad ng Britanya at Canada na, kung maaari, ang mga dayuhan ay kabilang sa mga dayuhang hukbo. Ang mga grupo tulad ng mga Italyano, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/serbs\/\">Serbi<\/a> ano, Polo, at ilang mga Hudyo ay hinikayat na bumalik sa mga hukbo ng kanilang ina bansa o nagrekrut sa mga partikular na yunit ng hukbo ng Britanya na nakalaan para sa mga kaugnay na dayuhan na may iba&#39;t \r\n ibang pinagmulan. Nang walang sariling pambansang hukbo na sumali, maraming mga Hudyo, Macedonian, at Ukrainian ang nagboluntaryo para sa Can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-army\">adi<\/a> an Army.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Noong 1910\u201411, kumalat ang mga alingawngaw na ang isang pangkat ng mga Itim na naghahanda upang lumipat sa gitnang Alberta. Mga inapo ng dati nang naalipin na mga tao, itinutulak sila mula sa kanilang mga lupain sa teritoryo ng Oklahoma, kung saan binigyan sila ng mga pag-aari at inaasahan na magtayo ng \r\n bagong buhay.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang tugon ng publiko at pampulitika sa Alberta ay agad at mahuhulaan. Ang mga awtoridad ng pederal ay nagsimula ng isang mahusay na simplen Walang partikular sa Batas sa <em>Imigr<\/em> asyon na ipinagpigil sa mga Black American, ngunit ang sinumang imigrante ay maaaring epektibong tanggihan ang pag- \r\n access sa Canada para sa mga kadahilanang pangkalusugan sa ilalim ng mga medikal Itinuro lamang ng gobyerno ang mga inspektor ng imigrasyon at kanilang mga medikal na katulong sa kahabaan ng hangganan ng Amerika na tanggihan ang lahat ng mga Black bilang hindi angkop para sa pagpasok sa mga medikal na batayan. \r\nWalang apela. Binalaan ang mga itim na hindi nila dapat sayangin ang kanilang oras at pera sa pamamagitan ng pagsasaalang-alang sa imigrasyon sa Canada. (<em>Tingnan din ang Order<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deemed-unsuitable-black-pioneers-in-western-canada-feature\">-in-Council P.C<\/a>. 1911\u20141324.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bilang resulta ng nakakapinsalang pagbagsak sa ekonomiya na dulot ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/great-depression\/\">Dakilang De<\/a> presyon, matigas ang diskarte ng gobyerno sa imigrasyon. Ang mga awtoridad ng imigrasyon ay lumipat \r\n sa aktibong pag-iwas sa paglipat Noong 1933, namuno ni Hitler ang Alemanya, at milyun-milyong mga kalaban sa politika at Hudyo ay maaaring nakaligtas kung ang Canada o iba pang mga bansa ay nag-alok ng tahanan ng mga inosenteng biktima. Bagaman maraming mga taga-Canada ang tumugon sa mga \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">refu<\/a> gi nang may pinaghalong simpatiya para sa kanilang desperadong kalagayan at kahihiyan sa kakulangan ng tulong ng gobyerno, kabilang ang iba, kabilang ang federal Cabinet, marami sa diplomatikong korps, at mga tagagawa ng patakaran sa imigrasyon, ay tumugon nang may alarma sa anumang presyon na tanggap \r\n in ang mga Hudyo o pulitikang refugiados na tumatakas sa Alemanya. Bilang resulta, ilang mga refugi ang nakapalibot sa mga paghihigpit sa imigrasyon ng Canada. (<em>Tingnan din ang<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">MS. St. Louis<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Pagtanggal ng Mga Hadlang sa Lagi at Etniko<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Sa pagtatapos ng digmaan noong 1945, nanatiling hindi nagbago ang mga regulasyon sa imigrasyon ng Canada mula sa mga mahigpit na taon bago ang digmaan. Gayunpaman hindi matagal ang pagbabago. Hinihimok ng pagkatapos ng digmaan ng ekonomiya, lumalagong merkado ng trabaho, at nagresultang demand para sa paggawa, unti- \r\n unting binuksan ng Canada ang mga pintuan nito sa imigrasyon sa Europa. Sa una, sa mga imigrante ay tradisyunal na ginusto ng Canada - mga mula sa United Kingdom at Kanlurang Europa - ngunit sa kalaunan sa natitirang bahagi ng Europa din. Gayunpaman, sa simula ng Cold War, huminto ang imigrasyon \r\n mula sa Silangang Europa. Ang mga hangganan sa kanluran ay sarado ng Unyong Sobyet at mga kaalyado nito. Gayunpaman, malaking bilang ng mga imigrante ang pumasok sa Canada mula sa timog Europa, partikular na Italya, Greece at Portugal.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"Dumating ang mga imigrante ng Dutch sa Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Dumating ang mga imigrante ng Dutch sa Qu\u00e9bec\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Hindi tulad ng imigrasyon mula sa mga nakaraang dekada, ang imigrasyon sa pagkatapos ng digmaan ay hindi eksklusibong nai-stream sa mga industriya ng pagkuha ng mapagkukunan na nakabatay Lumitaw ang Canada mula sa Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig bilang isang lunsod, pang-industriya na kapangyarihan, at maraming mga imigrante sa pagkatapos ng \r\n digmaan ay nag-agad na napuno ng mga trabaho sa mga sektor Ang ilan ay nakatulong na palawakin ang imprastraktura ng lungsod habang ang iba - tulad ng mas mahusay na edukasyon na imigrante - ay natugunan ang malakas na pangangailangan para sa<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang imigrasyon ng Canada ay sumailalim sa iba pang mga dramatikong pagbabago sa mga taon ng postwar. Ang mga pamahalaan ng Canada, pederal at lalawigan, ay dahan-dahang lumubos sa presyon para sa reporma <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/human-rights\/\">sa mga karapatang pantao<\/a> \r\n mula sa isang naunang henerasyon ng mga imigrante at kanilang Sa lalong gitnang klase at aktibo sa politika, ang mga pinagsamang imigrante na ngayon ay nagsakripisyo sa karaniwang dahilan sa ibang mga Canadian sa pagsisikap ng digmaan; dahil dito, sa panahon ng pagkatapos ng digmaan, tumanggi silang ipagpalagay ang katayuan ng pangalawang klase sa isang bansang tulungan nil \r\n ang protektahan. Sinusuportahan ng mga katulad na isip ng mga Canada, tinanggihan nila ang diskriminasyon sa etniko at lahi laban sa kanila at hiniling ng reporma sa karapatang pantao. Pinilit nila ang mga pamahalaan na gumawa ng batas laban sa \r\n diskriminasyon dahil sa lahi, relihiyon, at pinagmulan sa mga lugar tulad ng trabaho, tirahan at edukasyon. At, habang ginagawa ng ilegal ng Canada ang diskriminasyon sa bahay, lumipat ang gobyerno upang unti-unting alisin ang mga hadlang sa lahi, relihiyon o etniko \r\n sa imigrasyon ng Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sa huling bahagi ng 1960, ang bukas na diskriminasyon sa lahi sa patakaran sa imigrasyon ay nawala mula sa batas at regulasyon sa imigrasyon ng Canada. Binuksan nito ang mga pintuan ng Canada sa marami sa mga dati na tinanggihan bilang \u201chindi kanais-nais\u201d bat \r\n ay sa lahi o etniko. Noong 1971, sa kauna-unahang pagkakataon sa kasaysayan ng Canada, ang karamihan sa mga lumipat sa Canada ay may mga ninuno na hindi Europa. Ito ang nangyayari bawat taon mula pa.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Sistema ng Punto ng Imigrasyon<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Hindi iyon nangangahulugan na ang sinumang nais na pumasok sa Canada ay maaaring gawin ito. Habang nawala ang mga paghihigpit dahil sa lahi o pambansang pinagmulan, pinapanatili pa rin ng Canada ang mahigpit na pamantayan para sa pagtukoy kung sino at kung sino ang hindi kanais-nais na kandidato para sa pagpasok \r\nNoong huling bahagi ng 1960, ipinakilala ng Canada ang isang sistema ng punto upang magtakda ng mga pamantayan na nakabatay sa merito para sa mga indibidwal na nag-apply upang lumipat<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sa ilalim ng sistemang ito, ang bawat aplikante ay binibigyan ng mga puntos para sa edad, edukasyon, kakayahang magsalita ng Ingles o Pranses, at hinihiling para sa mga kasanayan sa trabaho ng partikular na aplikante. Kung ang isang aplikante ay nasa mabuting kalusugan at may mabuting katangian bilang karagdagan sa pagmamarka ng sapat na puntos, binigyan \r\n sila ng pagpasok kasama ang kanilang asawa at mga umaasa na anak. Ang mga hindi nakakuha ng sapat na puntos ay tinanggihan ang pagpasok. Kamakailan lamang, binago ng Canada ang mga pamamaraan nito upang bigyan ng kagustuhan sa pagpasok ng mga independiyenteng, kasanayan, \r\n at agad na maaaring mag-empleyo na imigran<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kapag itinatag sa Canada, karamihan sa mga bagong dumating \u2014 na ngayon na tinatawag na \u201clanding immigrant\u201d \u2014 ay tumatanggap ng lahat ng mga karapatan ng isang mamamayan ng Canada maliban sa karapatang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">bumoto.<\/a> Pagkatapos ng isang tinuko \r\n y na bilang ng mga taon ng naninirahan sa Canada (kasalukuyang tatlong taon sa lima), ang bawat nakarating na imigrante ay maaaring mag-aplay para sa pagkamamamayan ng Canada. Bilang karagdagan, ang mga nakarating na imigrante, tulad ng mga mamamayan ng Canada, ay maaari ring mag-apply upang i-sponsor ang pagpasok sa Canada ng mga malapit na \r\n miyembro ng pamilya na maaaring hindi matugunan ang mahigpit na pamantayan sa pagpasok sa Canada. Dapat sumang-ayon ang sponsor upang matiyak na ang sinumang dinala sa Canada ay hindi magiging isang pasanin sa ekonomiya sa lipunan ng Canada. Sa loob ng maraming taon, ang mga naka-sponsor na pamilya \r\n ng mga nasa Canada na ang nag-iisang pinakamalaking grupo ng mga pinapasok sa Canada. (<em>Tingnan ang<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">Pagsasama ng Pamilya sa Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Paglipat ng mga Refugee Pagkatapos<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Mula nang pagtatapos ng Ikal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">awang Digmaang Pandaigdig, ang<\/a> mga refugi at iba pa na tinatawag ng digmaan at karahasan ay naging isang makabuluhang bahagi ng daloy ng imigrasyon ng Canada. Sa kakulangan sa paggawa pagkat \r\n apos ng digmaan, inamin ng Canada ang sampu-sampu-sampu-libong mga taong Marami ang naging walang tirahan dahil sa digmaan o na, sa pagtatapos ng digmaan, ay natagpuan ang kanilang sarili sa labas ng kanilang bansang pagkamamamamayan, kung saan tumanggi silang bumalik. Kabilang sa mga taong pin \r\n alipat ay ang mga nakaligtas sa Holocaust ng Hudyo na walang pamayanan o pamilya kung saan maaari silang bumalik. Tumanggi ng iba pang mga taong pinalipat ang pagbabalik sa mga bansa na nahulog sa ilalim ng dominasyon ng Sobyet. Marami ang nag-reset sa Canada, kung saan nagtayo sila ng mga bagong buhay.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Noong 1960 at 1970, tumugon din ang Canada sa kalagayan ng mga refugi mula sa ibang mga bansa na nasa ilalim ng diktatorya. Pagkatapos ng hindi matagumpay na pag-aalsa ng Hungary noong 1956 at ang pagdurugo ng repormang pampulitika sa Czechoslovakia ng Unyong Sobyet noong 1968, tumakas ang mga refugi patungo sa kanluran. \r\n Tumugon ang Canada sa pamamagitan ng pagtatabi ng mga normal na pamamaraan ng imigrasyon nito upang aminin ang bahagi nito ng mga refugi. Sa mga sumunod na taon, muling gumawa ng espesyal na allowance ang Canada para sa mga refugi mula sa mga pagkabalit sa politika sa \r\n Uganda, Chile at sa ibang lugar. (<em>Tingnan din ang<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/latin-americans\/\">mga Latin Americ<\/a> ans.) Sa bawat isa sa mga kasong ito, ang mga refugi ay inapasok bilang isang pagbubukod sa mga regulasyon sa imigrasyon at nang hindi sin \r\n usunod ang lahat ng karaniwang pamamaraan sa imigrasyon.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Noong 1978, nagpatupad ng Canada ang isang bagong Batas sa <em>Imigr<\/em> asyon na, sa kauna-unahang pagkakataon, pinatunayan ang pangako ng Canada sa pag-reset ng mga refugi mula sa pang-aapi. Lalo na, ang mga indibidwal na may matatag na takot sa pag-uusig sa kanilang bansa ng pagkamamamamayan. \r\nAlinsunod dito, hindi na tatanggapin ang mga refugi sa Canada bilang isang pagbubukod sa mga regulasyon sa imigrasyon. Ang pagpasok ng mga refugi ay bahagi ngayon ng batas at regulasyon sa imigrasyon ng Canada. Ngunit ang pagpasok ng mga refugee ay nanatiling kontrobersyal at mahirap \r\n pamahalaan (<em>Tingnan din ang Patakaran<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">sa Refugee ng Canadian<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"Mga Refugeto ng Vietnam sa Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Mga Refugeto ng Vietnam sa Qu\u00e9bec\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang unang pangunahing programa ng pag-reset ng refugee sa ilalim ng bagong batas na ito ay noong unang bahagi ng 1980, nang pinamunuan ng Canada ang Kanlurang mundo sa pagtanggap nito sa mga refugeto sa Timog-Silangang Asya at partikular na ang mga mula sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">Vietnam<\/a>, na mad \r\n alas na tinutukoy bilang \u201cmga tao sa bangka.\u201d Marami sa mga tao sa bangka ang napili mula sa mga nakatakas sa Vietnam sa maliliit na bangka at kalaunan ay natagpuan ang kanilang sarili na nakulito sa mga kampo ng mga refugee sa Thailand o Hong Kong na naghihintay ng mga permanenteng tahanan. (<em>Tingnan din ang \r\n<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-boat-people-refugee-crisis\">Tugon ng Canada sa \u201cBoat People\u201d Refugee Crisis<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang ilang mga taong naghahanap ng proteksyon ay hindi pinili ng mga opisyal ng imigrasyon, ngunit sa halip ay dumating sa Canada upang mag-apply para sa katayuan ng refugee. Ang mga \u201cnaghahanap ng pagpapatungo\u201d na ito kung minsan ay dumating sa Canada matapos bumaba mula sa mga flight sa pagitan ng Silangang Europa at Cuba na lumapag \r\n upang mag-refuel sa Gander, Newfoundland. Marami sa kanila ang naghangad na makatakas sa takot ng digmaan at pag-uusig sa Gitnang Amerika, Africa, Gitnang Silangan, subkontinente ng India, at Tsina upang maghanap ng santuario sa Canada. Kapag nasa Canada, dapat patunayan ang mga naghahanap \r\n ng pagpapatunay sa mga opisyal ng Canada na inuusig sila sa kanilang tinubuang-bayan. Kung ipinagkaloob ang katayuan ng refugee, maaari silang manatili sa Canada; kung hindi man, ang mga nag-aangkop ay maaaring mapatapon.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Imigrasyon sa Huling bahagi ng ika-20 siglo<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Noong 1980, lumaki ang bilang ng mga pumapasok sa Canada at nag-aplay para sa katayuan ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">refu<\/a> gee, at ang proseso ng pagpapasiya ng Canada ay mahirap na maproseso ang mga aplikante nang mabilis. Hindi rin tinanggap \r\n ng mga taga-Canada sa buong mundo ang mga nag-aangkin ng mga refugee. Nag-aalala ang ilang mga taga-Canada na marami sa mga nag-aangkin ng mga refugee ay hindi talagang lehitimong mga refugi ngunit mga indibidwal na naghahanap ng paraan sa mapapalibot sa mga matigas<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Ang isyu ng mga refugee ay napakalaking dinala sa mga Canadian noong huling bahagi ng dekada 1980, nang ang dalawang barko ay ilegal na nakatago ang kani-kanilang mga karga ng mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sikhism\/\">Sikh (tingnan sa Sikhismo<\/a>) at mga Tamil \r\n refugee claimant sa silangang baybayin ng Canada.<\/em> Sa gitna ng labis na takot na malapit na malapit na \u201cmababahan\u201d ng mga refugi ang Canada, sinimulan ng mga awtoridad ng Parlyamento at imigrasyon na higpit ang mga regulasyon at pamamaraan Ang resulta ay isang patuloy na pag-aayos o pag \r\n tigas ng proseso ng pagpapasiya ng mga refugi sa Canada. Ang mga awtoridad ng Canada ay nakikipagtulungan din nang malapit sa iba pang mga bansa at kumpanya ng transportasyon upang gawing mas mahirap para sa mga indibidwal na maaaring mag-aangkin ng mga refugee na \r\n makarating sa Canada. Ang ilang mga taga-Canada ay nag-aalala na ang mga pagbabagong ito ay nangangahulugan na ang ilang mga lehitimong refugi ay tinanggihan na ngayon ang santuario na may karapatan nilang ilalim<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Noong huling bahagi ng dekada 1980 at unang bahagi ng 1990, kahit na hinahangad nitong pigilan ang pagpasok ng mga magiging mga nag-aangkin ng refugee, nagbukas ng Canada ang mga bagong paraan para sa iba pang mga imigrante na may kakayahang mag-empleyo o makabuluhang mapagkukunan sa pananalapi. Simula sa panahon ng Kon \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\/\">serv<\/a> atibong pamahalaan ni <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">Brian Mulroney<\/a>, ang mga may kapital o kasanayan na kinakailangan upang mamuhunan at magsimula ng mga negosyo sa loob ng Canada ay in \r\n anyayahan na mag-apply para sa imigrasyon sa Canada. Ang ideya ay ang mga inisyatibong ito ay makakatulong sa paglikha ng trabaho at kayamanan sa Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bilang resulta, ang bilang ng mga imigrante sa negosyante o negosyo ay tumaas nang malaki, umabot sa 6 porsyento ng lahat ng mga imigrante na pumapasok sa Canada. Isang magandang bilang ng mga imigrante sa klase ng negosyante ay nagmula sa Hong Kong, marami ang naghahanap ng ligtas na daungan para sa \r\n kanilang sarili, kanilang pamilya, at kanilang mga pag-aari bago ang pag-takeover ng Tsino sa Hong Kong noong 1997. Likas na marami ang dapat tumugon sa paanyaya ng Canada at sa mga pagkakataong inaalok para sa pamumuhunan ng kapital sa Canada. Bilang resulta, ang Canada ay naging pangunahing patut \r\n unguhan para sa Hong Kong at iba pang imigrasyon ng Tsino at para sa kapital sa paglipad. Sa pagitan ng 1981 at 1983, ang mga imigrante ng Tsino ay namuhunan ng $1.1 bilyon sa ekonomiya ng Canada. Ang Hong Kong at iba pang imigrasyon ng Tsino ay lalo na binibigkas sa mas malalaking lugar ng \r\n lunsod tulad ng Vancouver at Toronto, kung saan ang komunidad ng Tsino ay bumubuo ngayon ng pinakamalaking grupo ng imigrante. Gayunpaman, karamihan sa mga imigrante na ito sa klase ng negosyante ay hindi dumating na nagsasalita ng Ingles o Pranses, at nagdudulot ito sa gobyerno \r\n ng Canada na ipakilala ang mas mahigpit na mga kinakailangan sa wika para sa mga dumarating<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang imigrasyon mula sa Africa (pangunahin mula sa South Africa, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Kenya, Ghana, Uganda, at Nigeria) ay lumaki din noong 1980 at 1990. Ang ilan sa mga bagong ito ay mga propesyonal na may mga kwalipikasyong akademiko na naghahanap ng mas mahusay na kondisyon \r\nGayunpaman, ang karamihan ay mga refugiados na tumatakas sa digmaan, gutom, at kawalan ng kawalang-tatag sa politika at pang-ekonomiya sa kanilang mga bansa na pinagmulan.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sa pagbagal ng ekonomiya noong dekada 1990, muling lumitaw ang imigrasyon ng Canada bilang isang paksa ng pampublikong debate. Ito ay natural lamang, dahil sa patuloy na epekto ng imigrasyon sa lipunan ng Canada. Habang maraming mga ekonomista ang nagtatalo na ang Canada, na may medyo mababang rate ng kapanganakan at \r\n pagtanda na populasyon, ay nangangailangan ng pagbuhos ng populasyon, enerhiya, kasanayan, kapital at kapangyarihan sa pagbili na dinadala ng mga imigrante sa Canada. Gayunpaman, patuloy na nagdududa ang ilan.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Dahil ang mga imigrante na hindi pinagmulan sa Europa na bumubuo ng malaking karamihan sa mga pumapasok sa Canada, ang ilang mga taga-Canada ay nagpahayag ng pagkabalisa sa pagbabago ng katangian ng lunsod ng Canada. Gayunpaman, marami sa mga pag \r\n kiling ito patungo sa mga Canadian na may iba pang mga pinagmulan ng etniko at lahi ay madalas na may posibilidad na labis at nakakapinsala<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang pampublikong debate tungkol sa imigrasyon sa Canada ay nanatiling sibil at tiyak na malaya sa uri ng karahasan na pinukaw ng pagdating ng malaking bilang ng mga imigrante sa Pransya at Alemanya.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Imigrasyon ng Canada mula noong Setyembre 11 2001<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Bilang direktang kinahinatnan ng mga kaganapan noong 11 Setyembre 2001, ang banta ng terorista, at mga isyu sa seguridad, pinahigpit ng Canada ang patakaran nito sa imigrasyon. (<em>Tingnan din<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">ang 9\/11 at Canada<\/a>.) \r\nNoong 2002, ipin <em>asa ang Immigration and Refugee Protection Act<\/em> (IRPA). Pinalitan ng bagong batas ang 1976 <em>Immigration Act<\/em>. Kapansin-pansin nitong ginawang mas mahirap ang imigrasyon sa Canada, kabilang ang mga refugi Gayunpaman, gin <em>awang mas<\/em> madali din ng Batas para sa \r\n mga taong nasa common law o parehong kasarian na relasyon na pumasok sa Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang mas mahigpit na paninindigan ng Canada tungkol sa paglipat ng mga refugee ay makikita sa kung paano nito ginagamot ang mga naghahanap ng tulungan ng Tamil Nakikita bilang mga \u201cbogol\u201d na mga refugi, marami ang nakakulong sa kabila ng pagiging lehitimong mga refugi. Maraming mga taga-Canada ang tumugon ng katulad sa mga naghahanap ng pagpapas \r\n iligo na nagsasagawa ng mga hindi regular na paglalakbay sa hangganan ng US-Canada upang humingi (<em>Tingnan din ang Kasunduan<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">sa Ligtas na Pangatlong Bansa sa Canada-Estados Unidos.)<\/a> \r\nIto ay sa kabila ng katotohanan na ito ay isang kinikilalang pang-internasyonal na karapatang pantao na mag-apply ng tirahan sa ibang bansa.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang mga saloobin na ito ay lubos na kaibahan sa tu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">gon ng Canada sa krisis ng mga refugi sa Syrian<\/a>. Sa pagitan ng 2015 at 2017, mabilis na itinatag ng Canada ang \r\n 54,000 mga refugeto sa Syria. Bagama&#39;t ang bilang na ito ay mas malaki kaysa sa US, ang kontribusyon ng Canada ay tumula sa paghahambing sa ibang mga bansa tulad ng Alemanya, Lebanon, Turkey, at Sweden.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Modern-Araw na Imigrasyon sa Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang Canada ay tumatanggap ng isang malaking bilang ng mga imigrante bawat taon. Mula 2001 hanggang 2014, isang average na halos 249,500 na mga dumating na imigrante ang nanirahan sa Canada bawat taon. Noong 2015, higit sa 271,800 migrante ang pinapasok habang ang bilang na ito ay tumaas sa higit sa 296, \r\n 300 noong 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sa pagitan ng 2016 at 2021, tinanggap ng Canada ang higit sa 1.3 milyong imigrante. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">I<\/a> pinapakita ng data ng senso \r\n mula 2021 na ang mga migrante mula sa India, Pilipinas at Tsina ang tatlong pinakamaraming grupo ng mga kamakailang imigrante na dumating sa Canada. Halos 18.6 porsyento ng mga kamakailang imigrante ay ipinanganak sa India, 11.4 porsyento sa Pilipinas at 8.9 porsyento sa China. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">(<em>Ting<\/em> nan ang mga Can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">adiano sa Timog Asya<\/a>; \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">Pilipinong Canadians; Mga Tsino<\/a> na Canadiano.)<\/a> Ang iba pang mga pangunahing grupo ng mga imigrante ay nagmula sa Syria \r\n (4.8 porsiyento), Nigeria (3 porsyento), Estados Unidos (3 porsiyento), Pakistan (2.7 porsyento), Pransya (2 porsyento), Iran (1.9 porsiyento) at United Kingdom (1.7 porsiyento).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>Kunin ang pagsusulit!<\/strong> \r\n<br>Subukan ang iyong kaalaman sa multikulturalismo sa Canada sa pamamagitan ng pagkuha ng pagsusulit na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">ito, na in<\/a> aalok ng Citizenship Challenge! Isang programa ng Historica Canada, inaanyayahan ng Citizenship \r\n Challenge ang mga Canadian na subukan ang kanilang pambansang kaalaman sa pamamagitan ng pagkuha ng isang mock nation <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">exam<\/a>, pati na rin ang iba pang mga temang pagsusulit.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang karamihan ng mga baguhan (88.7 porsyento) ay nanirahan sa apat na lalawigan: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">Ontario<\/a> (44 porsyento), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">Quebec<\/a> (15.3 porsy \r\n ento), <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">British Columbia<\/a> (14.9 porsyento) at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">Alberta<\/a> (14.5 porsiyento). Karamihan sa kanila ay nakatira din sa mga \r\n pangunahing sentro ng lunsod ng mga lalawigan tulad ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">Toronto<\/a> (29.5 porsyento), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">Montreal<\/a> (12.2 porsyento) at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">Vancouver<\/a> (11.7 porsyento). Ang tatlong lungsod na ito lamang ang tumatanggap ng higit sa kalahati ng lahat ng mga kamakail Bagaman, bumaba ang porsyentong ito habang nanirahan ang mga imigrante sa iba pang mga sentro ng lunsod.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ayon sa senso noong 2021, ang mga Canadian na orihinal na ipinanganak sa labas ng Canada ay bumubuo ng 23 porsyento (8.3 milyong katao) ng populasyon ng Canada - isang rekord-mataas na proporsyon mula noong 1921. Ang Canada ay may pinakamataas na proporsyon ng mga imigrante sa mga bansa ng G7. (<em>Tingnan<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">ang Canada at ang G7<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang modernong Canada ay itinayo sa paglipat at mga kontribusyon ng maraming mga grupo ng imigrante, simula sa mga unang naninirahan ng Pranses, sa pamamagitan ng mga bagong mula sa United Kingdom, Central Europe, Caribbean at Africa, sa mga imigrante mula sa Asya at Gitnang \r\n Silangan. Habang nananatili ang mga hamon na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">ibinigay ng rasi<\/a> smo at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">diskrimin<\/a> asyon, nananatiling bu \r\n kas ang lipunan ng Canada sa pangkalahatan Bukod dito, ang kontribusyon ng maraming mga imigrante sa lipunan ng Canada at pagnanais na tulungan ang pagbuo ng isang mas mahusay na lipunan sa lupa ng Canada ay hindi malam<\/p>","slug":"imigrasyon","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"tl","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":4,"created_at":"2024-12-11T19:51:30.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-11T19:51:30.000000Z"},{"id":"9debc7ea-ecc8-4967-b40e-4431ee2135ab","article_id":"76085","title":"Kanada&#39;ya G\u00f6\u00e7","summary":"<p>Yeniden yerle\u015fim amac\u0131yla bir \u00fclkenin bireylerinin di\u011ferine ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 Kanada tarihinin merkezinde yer almaktad\u0131r.. Kanada g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn hikayesi d\u00fczenli n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hikayesi de\u011fil; bunun yerine, ekonomik \r\n kalk\u0131nman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Kanada&#39;n\u0131n tutum ve de\u011ferleri hakk\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve \u00f6yle olmaya devam ediyor. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u00c7ok <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc<\/a> bir toplum yaratmaya katk\u0131da bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, genellikle ekonomik olarak utanmadan kendine hizmet eden ve etnik veya \u0131rksal olarak ayr\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur (<em>bk<\/em> z. Kanad <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">a&#39;da G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Politi<\/a> kas\u0131; Kanada&#39;ya M\u00fclteciler).<\/a> G\u00f6\u00e7, Yer <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">li halk \r\n lar\u0131n atalar\u0131n\u0131n topraklar\u0131ndan m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilmesine<\/a> de katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(Bu makale Kanada&#39;ya g\u00f6\u00e7menle ilgili tam uzunlukta metindir. Sade bir \u00f6zet okumak istiyorsan\u0131z, l\u00fctfen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">Kanada&#39;ya G\u00f6\u00e7menlik (D\u00fcz Dil \u00d6zeti) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bak\u0131n.<\/a>)<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"Gali\u00e7ya G\u00f6\u00e7menler\" alt=\"Gali\u00e7ya G\u00f6\u00e7menler\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"Yetim \u00c7ocuklar Kanada&#39;ya Gidiyor\" alt=\"Yetim \u00c7ocuklar Kanada&#39;ya Gidiyor\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"Rus Doukhoborlar\u0131\" alt=\"Rus Doukhoborlar\u0131\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"G\u00f6\u00e7menler\" alt=\"G\u00f6\u00e7menler\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"Son En \u0130yi Bat\u0131\" alt=\"Son En \u0130yi Bat\u0131\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Yeni Fransa&#39;ya G\u00f6\u00e7 (16-18. Y\u00fczy\u0131l)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>17. ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 boyunca, Kanada olacaklar\u0131 denetlemekle g\u00f6revli Avrupa s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimleri, yerle\u015fimi bir \u00f6ncelik olarak g\u00f6rmedi. Frans\u0131z veya \u0130ngiliz h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yerle\u015fimi te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in gerekli olan b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda para veya enerji \r\n harcamaya haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Kanada&#39;ya g\u00f6\u00e7 Fransa veya \u0130ngiltere&#39;de de pop\u00fcler de\u011fildi. Macerac\u0131lar, ka\u015fifler ve \u00f6zellikle \u0130ngiliz veya Frans\u0131z \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in hareket eden t\u00fcccarlar, yerle\u015fimcilerin kazan\u00e7l\u0131 ticarete m\u00fcdahalesinden korkuyorlard\u0131 (<em>bk<\/em> z. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/fur-trade\/\">K \r\n<\/a> \u00fcrk Ticareti).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bununla birlikte, politika sonunda de\u011fi\u015fti ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge otoriteleri dikkatlice ve yava\u015f yava\u015f Kanada&#39;da yerle\u015fimi te\u015fvik etti. Yerle\u015fimcilerin s\u00f6m\u00fcrge toprak iddialar\u0131n\u0131n egemenli\u011fini garanti alt\u0131na almalar\u0131 ve do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrmeleri - genellikle \r\n Avrupal\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar ad\u0131na - umutlard\u0131. Yerle\u015fimcilerin Yer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">li halklar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecekleri<\/a> de umuluyordu. Yerle\u015fimler yava\u015f yava\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc ama zorlanmadan de\u011fil. \r\n\u0130ngiliz Fethi s\u0131ras\u0131nda (1759-60) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/new-france\/\">Yeni Fransa<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">&#39;n\u0131n<\/a> n\u00fcfusu yakla\u015f\u0131k 65.000 idi. \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\">Nova Scoti<\/a> a&#39;da, nakledilen bir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/scots\">\u0130sko\u00e7 toplulu\u011fu<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\">Alman<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\">\u0130svi\u00e7<\/a> reli yerle\u015fimciler taraf\u0131ndan desteklendi. 1700&#39;lerin sonlar\u0131nda <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\">\u0130rlandal\u0131 yerle\u015fimciler <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">Newfound<\/a> land<\/a> &#39;\u0131n n\u00fcfusunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0130ngiliz zaferi Fransa&#39;dan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlasa da (<em>ayr\u0131ca bk<\/em> z. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-immigration-in-canada\">Kanada&#39;daki Frans\u0131z G\u00f6\u00e7<\/a> menli\u011fi), hemen \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fan g\u00f6\u00e7meni ber \r\n aberinde getirmedi. Ayr\u0131lan Frans\u0131z meslekta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bo\u015flu\u011fu dolduran bir avu\u00e7 \u0130ngiliz y\u00f6netici, askeri personel ve t\u00fcccar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fan birka\u00e7 yerle\u015fimci Kanada ile ilgileniyor gibiydi. Ger\u00e7ekten de, yerle\u015fimc \r\n ilerin yeni \u0130ngiliz y\u00f6neticiler taraf\u0131ndan memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131lanmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphelidir. \u0130kincisi, \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">Protest<\/a> an yerle\u015fimcilerin ak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n, yak\u0131n zamanda fethedilen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">Roma Katolik<\/a> Frans\u0131zca konu\u015fulan bir b\u00f6lgede \r\n y\u00f6netimi zorla\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131ndan korkuyordu. \u00c7o\u011fu \u0130ngiliz g\u00f6\u00e7men, Kanada&#39;n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Amerikan kolonilerinin daha \u0131l\u0131man iklimini ve tan\u0131d\u0131k \r\n sosyal kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 aramaya \u00e7ok daha meyilliydi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1nQwJ4NDRaO1PhAPuWnxDoGN2adxIhoqj\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>Sad\u0131k G\u00f6\u00e7 (18-19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/province-of-quebec-1763-91\">Quebec<\/a> &#39;in yeni \u0130ngiliz y\u00f6neticilerinin \u00e7o\u011fu k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Amerikan Devrimi taraf\u0131ndan yerinden edilen binlerce \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fan ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Protestan yerle\u015fimciyi kabul etmek zorunda kald\u0131. \r\nBirle\u015fik \u0130mparatorluk <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\">Loyalistleri<\/a> olarak bilinenler, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde siyasi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">m\u00fcltec<\/a> ilerdi. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu kuzeye kendi tercihleriyle \r\n de\u011fil, zorunlu olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu ya yeni Amerikan cumhuriyetinin vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmak istemedi ya da halk\u0131n \u0130ngilizlere verdi\u011fi destek i\u00e7in intikamdan korktuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in. Bu Sad\u0131klar i\u00e7in Kanada, evde kalmak istenmeyen oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in gelen say\u0131s\u0131z gelecekteki g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu gibi ikinci tercih edilen bir \u00fclkeydi ve genellikle ABD&#39;ye giri\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sad\u0131k g\u00f6\u00e7, yeni yerle\u015fimcilere malzeme sunan ve toprak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 organize eden Kanadal\u0131 yetkililer taraf\u0131ndan desteklendi. Yerle\u015fimcilerin katland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklara ra\u011fmen, Kanada&#39;da defalarca tekrarlanacak \r\n bir uygulama olan h\u00fck\u00fcmet ajanlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi ile k\u00f6t\u00fc durumlar\u0131 daha az \u015fiddetli hale getirildi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bir\u00e7ok <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">Siyah Sad\u0131k da<\/a> Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri&#39;nden \u0130ngiliz Kuzey Amerika&#39;ya gitti. Amerikan Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130ngilizlerin yan\u0131nda yer almalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \r\n Siyah Sad\u0131klar \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ve \u00f6nemli e\u015fitsizlikle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131lar. Buna ra\u011fmen, sebat ettiler ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc topluluklar kurdular, \u00f6zellikle Nova Scotia&#39;daki <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/shelburne\">Shelburne<\/a> ve Birch \r\n town gibi kasabalarda. (<em>Ayr\u0131ca bkz<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-feature\">Siyah Sad\u0131klar\u0131n Nova Scotia&#39;ya Geli\u015fi<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0130rlanda G\u00f6\u00e7menli\u011fi (19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda, koloniler - \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131 Kanada - ac\u0131 verici derecede yava\u015f ve d\u00fczensiz bir ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme modeline geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Resmi olarak \u0130ngiltere&#39;den ve hatta ABD&#39;den gelen g\u00f6\u00e7 te\u015fvik edilen g\u00f6\u00e7, kolonideki daha iyi tar\u0131m araz \r\n ilerini yava\u015f yava\u015f doldurdu ve yeni ticari veya idari kasabalar\u0131 destekledi. Yeni g\u00f6\u00e7menler genellikle yerle\u015fik toplumunkine benziyordu. Bununla birlikte, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130rlanda patates k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve daha az derecede 1848&#39;deki bir dizi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z Avrupa isyan\u0131, Kuzey Amerika&#39;ya yeni g\u00f6\u00e7men kohortlar\u0131 g\u00f6nder \r\n di.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/a1d07311-76d4-4add-a712-6cf7e3974330.jpg\" title=\"\u0130rlandal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menler\" alt=\"\u0130rlandal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menler\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31e9a52d-4036-4435-9432-137b0f21fbda.jpg\" title=\"\u0130rlanda g\u00f6\u00e7menli\u011fi\" alt=\"\u0130rlanda g\u00f6\u00e7menli\u011fi\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Bu on binlerce g\u00f6\u00e7menden bir\u00e7o\u011fu, Kanada&#39;ya <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">geli\u015fi b\u00fcy\u00fck sosyal ve ekonomik de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ba\u015flatan \u0130rland<\/a> al\u0131yd\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan \u0130rlandal\u0131lar, \u0130ngilizlerden ve Frans\u0131zlardan sonra Kanada&#39;n\u0131n ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men kohor \r\n tuydu. \u0130rlandal\u0131lar genellikle \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fsalar da, Anglo-Kanadal\u0131lar\u0131n sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel veya dini de\u011ferlerini yans\u0131tmad\u0131lar. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Protestan Kanada-Bat\u0131&quot;da bir Roma Katolik az\u0131nl\u0131k olu\u015fturdular.. \r\n\u0130rlandal\u0131 Katolikler, ancak, inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fan ancak dillerini payla\u015fmayan Frans\u0131z Kanadal\u0131larla biraz daha evindeydiler. Bu \u0130rlandal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin \u0130ngiliz Kraliyetine sadakati, Amerikan cumhuriyet\u00e7ili\u011finin tehdidine \r\n kar\u015f\u0131 sigorta olarak ate\u015fli sadakatin talep edildi\u011fi bir Kanada&#39;da da \u015f\u00fcpheli g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/history-of-agriculture\/\">Tar\u0131m\u0131n yoksulluk ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kla e\u015fanlaml\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir tar\u0131m hayat\u0131ndan ka\u00e7t\u0131ktan sonra, k\u0131tl\u0131ktan muzdarip \u0130rlandal\u0131lar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7iftlik ya\u015fam\u0131na \u00e7ok az co\u015fkuya sahipti veya hi\u00e7 heyecanlanmad\u0131 (<em>bk<\/em> z. Tar\u0131m Tarihi).<\/a> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/railway-history\/\">Bunun yerine \u0130rlandal\u0131lar yeni geni\u015fletilmi\u015f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canals-and-inland-waterways\/\">kanal<\/a> sisteminde, kereste <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/timber-trade-history\/\">end\u00fcstrisinde \r\n ve geli\u015fen demiryolu a\u011f\u0131nda<\/a> mevsimsel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \r\n<\/a> Daha az \u015fansl\u0131 sosyal-ekonomik stat\u00fclerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra farkl\u0131 etnik ve dini kimlikleri nedeniyle, \r\n Kanada \u015fehirlerinde ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck kasabalarda ayr\u0131 \u0130rlanda mahalleleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Bat\u0131 G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc (19. - 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\/\">Nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131, y\u00fcksek do\u011fum oran\u0131 ve Britanya Adalar\u0131&#39;ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6\u00e7le, hemen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/confederation\/\">Konfeder<\/a> asyon sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 n\u00fcfus sorunlar\u0131 vard\u0131 \r\n (\r\nbkz. N\u00fcfus).<\/a><\/em> Bu sorun, tar\u0131mlanabilir arazilerin artan nadirli\u011fi ile daha da artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r..<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bu arada, ABD - g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z \u00f6zg\u00fcr, verimli toprak arz\u0131yla - binlerce yeni g\u00f6\u00e7meni ve \u0130ngiliz-Kanadal\u0131y\u0131 cezbetti. Amerikan end\u00fcstrisi, New England fabrikalar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak bir\u00e7ok Frans\u0131z Kanadal\u0131n\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekti (<em>bk<\/em> z. Frans\u0131z \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franco-americans\/\">-Amerikal\u0131lar<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, Kanada&#39;n\u0131n gelecekteki <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prairie\/\">Prairie eyaletleri yerle\u015f<\/a> ime a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131, ancak ancak - bazen \u015fiddetli bir \u015fekilde - <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-nations\">\u0130lk Milletler<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/metis\">M\u00e9tis<\/a> halklar\u0131n\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra. (<em>Ayr\u0131ca bkz. Kuz<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">ey-Bat\u0131 \u0130syan\u0131<\/a>.) Bununla birlikte, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ek \r\n li g\u00f6\u00e7 ancak bu\u011fday gibi tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine olan ihtiya\u00e7 da artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda artt\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tar\u0131m mallar\u0131na, \u00f6zellikle sert bu\u011fdaylara olan talep, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">Wilfrid Laurier<\/a> &#39;in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli g\u00f6\u00e7le bat\u0131 yerle\u015fimini te\u015fvik eden h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin se\u00e7ilmesiyle ayn\u0131 zamana denk geldi. \r\nKanada&#39;n\u0131n yeni i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">Clifford Sifton, yenilenmi\u015f ve geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir g\u00f6<\/a> \u00e7menlik program\u0131 d\u00fczenledi. Hatta isteksizce olmasa da, Britanya Adalar\u0131, Kuzey Avrupa ve \r\n ABD d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki yerlerden tar\u0131msal yerle\u015fimcileri kabul etmeye haz\u0131rd\u0131. Bununla birlikte, Sifton&#39;un g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc geleneksel kaynaklar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda a\u00e7ma iste\u011fi, <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">Kanada g\u00f6\u00e7<\/a> menlik politikas\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tm\u0131yordu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0130ngilizce konu\u015fan Kanadal\u0131lar i\u00e7in, ideal g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin geleneksel tan\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f olabilir, ancak k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftirilmemi\u015ftir. Kanada h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u0130ngiliz \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu i\u00e7inden ve ABD&#39;den gelen beyaz \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fan g\u00f6\u00e7menleri tercih etti. \r\nAyn\u0131 zamanda, beyaz olmayan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131<\/a> gerek\u00e7elerle giri\u015fi reddedildi. \u0130deal g\u00f6\u00e7menler, Bat\u0131&#39;ya yerle\u015fecek \u0130ngiliz veya Amerikal\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerdi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>G\u00f6\u00e7menlik yetkilileri, i\u015f ve demiryolu \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7menlik yetkilileri, etnik kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca yerle\u015fimciler aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dengeledi. \u0130deal yerle\u015fimcileri azalan bir tercihe g\u00f6re listelediler. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">\u0130ngiliz ve Amerikal\u0131 tar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 Frans\u0131zlar, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">Bel\u00e7ik<\/a> al \r\n \u0131lar, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">Hol<\/a> landal\u0131lar, \u0130skandinavlar, \u0130svi\u00e7reli, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">Fin<\/a> liler, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">Ruslar<\/a>, Avustury <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">a-<\/a> Macarlar (<em>bk<\/em> z. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">Avusturyal\u0131lar; \r\n Macarlar), Almanlar, Ukraynal\u0131lar ve Polonyal\u0131lar izledi<\/a>. \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a> \r\nListenin en alt\u0131na yak\u0131n, hem kamuoyunda hem de h\u00fck\u00fcmetin zihninde daha az asimile edilebilir ve daha az arzu edilenler, \u00f6rne\u011fin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">\u0130talyanlar, G\u00fcney Slavlar<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">Yunanl\u0131lar<\/a> ve Suriyeliler (<em>bk<\/em> z. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">Arap<\/a> Kanadal\u0131lar). En altta Y <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">ahud<\/a> iler, \r\n Asyal\u0131lar, Romanlar ve \r\n Siyahlar geldi<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ottawa, ancak, g\u00f6\u00e7menlik s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda tek sese sahip de\u011fildi. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>\u0130ngiliz Kuzey Amerika Yasas\u0131<\/em><\/a>, eyaletlere bunu yapmay\u0131 se\u00e7erlerse g\u00f6 \r\n \u00e7menlik konusunda da s\u00f6z verdi. Quebec \u00f6zellikle bunu yapmakla ilgilendi ve kendi g\u00f6\u00e7menlik departman\u0131n\u0131 kurdu. Bu k\u0131smen \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fan Kanada&#39;n\u0131n geni\u015flemesine yan\u0131t olarak ve k\u0131rsal \r\n Quebec gen\u00e7lerinin New England&#39;a g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc tersine \u00e7evirme \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7indi. Federal yetkililerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde, Frans\u0131z Kanadal\u0131lar\u0131 yeni ama marjinal tar\u0131m arazilerine yerle\u015fmek i\u00e7in evlerine d\u00f6nmeye te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in New England&#39;a g\u00f6\u00e7menlik ajanlar\u0131 g\u00f6nderildi. Program sadece s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir ba\u015far\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131, \r\n ancak Quebec&#39;in kendi g\u00f6\u00e7menlik \u00f6nceliklerini y\u00f6netmeye kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 devam etti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>G\u00f6\u00e7menler ve Kent Merkezleri<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>H\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00f6nlemlerine ra\u011fmen, t\u00fcm g\u00f6\u00e7menler kendilerini kaynak s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne veya tar\u0131ma adamad\u0131lar. Onlardan \u00f6nceki \u0130rlandal\u0131lar gibi, \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fmayan ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Protestan olmayan bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7men, \u015fehirlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 se\u00e7erek k\u0131rsal izolasyon ya\u015fam \r\n \u0131n\u0131 reddetti. Dahas\u0131, bu g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin \u00e7o\u011fu kendilerini yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7ici olarak Kanada veya Kuzey Amerika&#39;da ya\u015f\u0131yor olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 evde bir toprak par\u00e7as\u0131 sat\u0131n almak, bir k\u0131z karde\u015f i\u00e7in \u00e7eyiz toplamak veya bir aile borcunu \u00f6demek i\u00e7in yeterli para kazanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \r\nBununla birlikte, Kuzey Amerika&#39;n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131 tan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 benimseyen veya siyasi kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar nedeniyle eve d\u00f6nemeyen bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi kendilerini Kanada&#39;da kurdu. M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse, e\u015flerini ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 onlara kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in getirdiler.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Merkezi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, Quebec, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1911 \" alt=\"G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Merkezi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, Quebec, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1911 \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Giderek daha \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00f6kenlere sahip g\u00f6\u00e7menler Kanada&#39;ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131, bunlar <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">Makedonlar, Ruslar, Finliler<\/a> ve \u00c7inliler i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/a> Bu yeni g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin bir\u00e7o\u011funun, ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc veya fabrika veya in\u015faat i\u015fleri i\u00e7in vas\u0131fl\u0131 zanaatkarlardan olu\u015fan bir havuz ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in Kanada&#39;ya girmesine izin verilmi\u015fti.. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 madencilik veya kerestecilikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131, \u00c7inliler gibi di\u011ferleri \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-pacific-railway\">Kanada Pasifik Demir<\/a> yolunu bitirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">Montreal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">Winnipeg<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">Toronto<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hamilton\/\">Hamilton<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">Vancouver<\/a> gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere yerle\u015fti. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">Bununla birlikte, bu g\u00f6\u00e7menler daha \u00f6nce yaln\u0131zca \u0130rlandal\u0131lara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f etnik ve dini kay \r\n g\u0131lar ve \u00f6nyarg\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131lar.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ge\u00e7mi\u015flerden gelen g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin geli\u015fi, bir\u00e7ok Kanadal\u0131dan baz\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar yaratt\u0131. Baz\u0131 Kanadal\u0131lar onurlu bir ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi. Bu yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n kalmak i\u00e7in burada olduklar\u0131n\u0131, emeklerinin \r\n ve becerilerinin gerekli oldu\u011funu ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmeye tabi oldu\u011funu kabul ettiler. G\u00f6\u00e7menler \u015fehir merkezlerinde hayati ekonomik rol oynad\u0131lar - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">tramvay raylar\u0131<\/a> d\u00f6\u015femek, \r\n geni\u015fleyen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">tekstil fabrikal<\/a> ar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ve kanalizasyon sistemlerini kazmak. Yine de bir\u00e7ok Kanadal\u0131, etnik veya \u0131rksal \r\n \u00e7izgiler boyunca g\u00f6\u00e7 \u00fczerinde daha s\u0131k\u0131 bir kontrol talep etti. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>G\u00f6\u00e7menlik ve Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Kanada g\u00f6\u00e7menlik politikas\u0131 ve y\u00f6netimi, baz\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin Kanada&#39;ya girmesine izin vererek ekonomik gereklili\u011fe boyun e\u011fmi\u015fti. Ancak, bunu sadece isteksizce yapt\u0131. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden, etnik ve \u0131rksal s\u0131n\u0131rlar boyunca g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc durdurmak i\u00e7in k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 kontrol \r\n leri uyguland\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"\u00c7in G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Belgesi\" alt=\"\u00c7in G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Belgesi\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7in g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc \u00f6zellikle hedef al\u0131nd\u0131. \u00c7in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">ba\u015f vergisi, ini\u015f vergileri<\/a>, ikili k\u0131s\u0131tlama anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve di\u011fer seyahat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 gibi \u00f6nlemler, \u00c7in&#39;in Kanada&#39;ya g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc \r\n neredeyse yasaklad\u0131. (<em>Ayr\u0131ca bkz<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">\u00c7in G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Yas<\/a> as\u0131.) Kanadal\u0131 yetkililer ayr\u0131ca kad\u0131n \r\n \u00c7inli g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin yerle\u015fmesine izin vermeyi reddetti. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, bunun ge\u00e7ici olarak Kanada&#39;da demiryolu veya maden i\u015f\u00e7isi olarak bulunan \u00c7inli erkekleri kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak yerle\u015fmeye te\u015fvik edece\u011finden korkuyordu. Kanada \r\n toplumunun ahlaki dokusunu tehlikeye atacak s\u00f6zde bir \u201csar\u0131 tehlike\u201d konusunda yayg\u0131n \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 korkular vard\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1914&#39;te, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>Komagata Maru gemisindeki yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 Hintli g\u00f6\u00e7men Vancouver liman<\/em><\/a> \u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcrken Kanadal\u0131 yetkililer onlarla ne yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. \u0130ngiliz \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#39;nun tebaas\u0131 olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen\r\n, yolcular Kanada&#39;n\u0131n G\u00fcney Asya g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne getirdi\u011fi \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. Kanada&#39;n\u0131n yeni donanmas\u0131, ilk kez hareket halinde, gemiye Kanada sular\u0131ndan e\u015flik ederken, bir\u00e7ok Vancouver sakini k\u0131y\u0131dan \r\n onaylayarak tezah\u00fcrat yapt\u0131. Yolcular\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu daha sonra Hindistan&#39;a d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerinde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclecekti<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Birinci <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/a> s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kanada&#39;da Alman kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 histeri patlak verdi. Bu yabanc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fman \u00fclkelerle ba\u011f\u0131 olanlara y\u00f6nelikti. Kanada ile \r\n m\u00fcttefik \u00fclkelerle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olan yabanc\u0131lar da hedef al\u0131nd\u0131. Kanada&#39;n\u0131n askeri insan g\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u0130ngiliz ve Kanadal\u0131 yetkililer, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funda yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n yabanc\u0131 ordulara ait oldu\u011funu hissetti. \u0130talyanlar, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/serbs\/\">S\u0131rplar, Polon<\/a> yal\u0131lar ve baz\u0131 Yahudiler gibi gruplar ana \u00fclkelerinin ordular\u0131na d\u00f6nmeye te\u015fvik edildi veya \r\n \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00f6kenlerden m\u00fcttefik yabanc\u0131lara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f belirli \u0130ngiliz ordusu birimlerine al\u0131nd\u0131. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-army\">Kendi ulusal ordular\u0131 olmadan, bir\u00e7ok Yahudi, Makedon ve Ukraynal\u0131 Kanada Ordusuna g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc oldu.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1910-11&#39;de, bir grup Siyah insan\u0131n merkezi Alberta&#39;ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair s\u00f6ylentiler yay\u0131ld\u0131. Daha \u00f6nce k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131, m\u00fclk sahibi olduklar\u0131 ve yeni hayatlar in\u015fa etmeyi umduklar\u0131 Oklahoma topraklar\u0131ndaki topraklar\u0131ndan itili \r\n yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Alberta&quot;daki kamusal ve siyasi tepki an\u0131nda ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirdi. Federal yetkililer ustaca basit bir plan ba\u015flatt\u0131. G\u00f6 <em>\u00e7menlik Yasas\u0131&#39;ndaki hi\u00e7bir \u015fey Siyah Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle yasak<\/em> lamad\u0131, ancak herhangi bir g\u00f6\u00e7menin Yasan\u0131n t\u0131bbi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca sa\u011fl\u0131k nedenleriyle Kanada&#39;ya \r\n eri\u015fimi etkili bir \u015fekilde reddedilebilir. H\u00fck\u00fcmet sadece g\u00f6\u00e7menlik m\u00fcfetti\u015flerine ve Amerikan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 boyunca t\u0131bbi yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131na t\u00fcm Siyahlar\u0131 t\u0131bbi gerek\u00e7elerle kabul i\u00e7in uygun olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in reddetmeleri talimat\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Temy \r\n iz yoktu. Siyahlar, Kanada&quot;ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve paralar\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015fa harcamamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda uyar\u0131ld\u0131. (<em>Ayr\u0131ca bkz. Konsey<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deemed-unsuitable-black-pioneers-in-western-canada-feature\">deki Sipari\u015f P.C. 19<\/a> 11\u20141324.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran&#39;\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn bir sonucu olarak<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/great-depression\/\">,<\/a> h\u00fck\u00fcmetin g\u00f6\u00e7menli\u011fe yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sertle\u015fti. G\u00f6\u00e7menlik yetkilileri Kanada&#39;ya g\u00f6\u00e7 \r\n \u00fc aktif olarak \u00f6nlemeye ge\u00e7ti. 1933&#39;te Hitler Almanya&#39;y\u0131 y\u00f6netti ve Kanada veya di\u011fer \u00fclkeler masum kurbanlara bir ev teklif etseydi milyonlarca siyasi muhalif ve Yahudi hayatta kalabilirdi. Bir\u00e7ok Kanadal\u0131 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">m\u00fcltec<\/a> ilere umutsuz durumlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir sempati ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n eksikli\u011finden dolay\u0131 utan\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla yan\u0131t vermesine ra\u011fmen, federal Kabine, diplomatik birliklerdeki bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi \r\n ve g\u00f6\u00e7menlik politikas\u0131 yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere di\u011ferleri, Almanya&#39;dan ka\u00e7an Yahudileri veya siyasi m\u00fcltecileri kabul etme bask\u0131s\u0131na alarmla tepki g\u00f6sterdi. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, \u00e7ok az m\u00fclteci Kanada g\u00f6\u00e7menlik k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. (<em>Ayr\u0131ca bkz<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">. MS. St. Louis<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Irksal ve Etnik Engelleri Y\u0131kmak<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>1945&#39;te sava\u015f\u0131n sonunda, Kanada g\u00f6\u00e7menlik d\u00fczenlemeleri sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 y\u0131llardan de\u011fi\u015fmedi. Yine de de\u011fi\u015fimin gelmesi uzun s\u00fcrmedi. Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 ekonomik patlama, b\u00fcy\u00fcyen i\u015f piyasas\u0131 ve bunun sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc talebinin y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi Kanada, kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015f yava\u015f Avrupa g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne \r\n yeniden a\u00e7t\u0131. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, Kanada geleneksel olarak g\u00f6\u00e7menler i\u00e7in - Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ve Bat\u0131 Avrupa&quot;dan olanlar - ama sonunda Avrupa&quot;n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131 i\u00e7in de tercih edildi. Ancak So\u011fuk Sava\u015f&#39;\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla Do\u011fu Avrupa \r\n &#39;dan g\u00f6\u00e7 durdu. Bat\u0131daki s\u0131n\u0131rlar Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ve m\u00fcttefikleri taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Bununla birlikte, \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u00f6\u00e7men Kanada&#39;ya g\u00fcney Avrupa&#39;dan, \u00f6zellikle \u0130talya, Yunanistan ve Portekiz&#39;den girdi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"Hollandal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menler Qu\u00e9bec&#39;e geldi\" alt=\"Hollandal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menler Qu\u00e9bec&#39;e geldi\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u00d6nceki on y\u0131llardaki g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn aksine, sava\u015f sonras\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 yaln\u0131zca tar\u0131msal veya k\u0131rsal kaynakl\u0131 kaynak \u00e7\u0131karma end\u00fcstrilerine aktar\u0131lmad\u0131. Kanada, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#39;ndan kentsel, end\u00fcstriyel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve sava\u015f sonras\u0131 bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7men \r\n k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra imalat ve in\u015faat sekt\u00f6rlerinde i\u015f buldu. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fehir altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olurken, di\u011ferleri - daha iyi e\u011fitimli g\u00f6\u00e7menler gibi - e\u011fitimli ve yetenekli profesyonellere olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc talebi kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kanada g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc sava\u015f sonras\u0131 y\u0131llarda ba\u015fka dramatik de\u011fi\u015fikliklere u\u011frad\u0131. Kanada h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, federal ve eyalet, daha \u00f6nceki nesil g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin ve \u00e7ocuk <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/human-rights\/\">lar\u0131n\u0131n insan haklar\u0131<\/a> \r\n reformu bask\u0131s\u0131na yava\u015f yava\u015f boyun e\u011fdi. Giderek orta s\u0131n\u0131f ve politik olarak aktif olan \u015fimdi iyi entegre g\u00f6\u00e7menler, sava\u015f \u00e7abalar\u0131nda di\u011fer Kanadal\u0131larla ortak davada fedakarl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131; bu nedenle, sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, korumaya yard\u0131m ettikleri bir \u00fclkede ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f stat\u00fc almay\u0131 \r\n reddettiler. Benzer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Kanadal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen, kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 etnik ve \u0131rksal ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131nad\u0131lar ve insan haklar\u0131 reformu talep ettiler. H\u00fck\u00fcmetleri istihdama, bar\u0131nma ve e\u011fitim gibi alanlarda \u0131rk, din ve k\u00f6ken nedeniyle \r\n ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 yasa \u00e7\u0131karmaya zorlad\u0131lar. Ve t\u0131pk\u0131 Kanada \u00fclkesinde ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 hale getirirken, h\u00fck\u00fcmet Kanada g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u0131rksal, dini veya etnik engelleri kademeli olarak ortadan \r\n kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1960&#39;lar\u0131n sonunda, g\u00f6\u00e7menlik politikas\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131k \u0131rk ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanada g\u00f6\u00e7menlik mevzuat\u0131 ve d\u00fczenlemelerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu, Kanada&quot;n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00f6nce \u0131rk veya etnik k\u00f6ken temelinde \u201cistenmeyen\u201d olarak reddedilen \r\n lerin \u00e7o\u011funa a\u00e7t\u0131.. 1971&#39;de Kanada tarihinde ilk kez Kanada&#39;ya g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Avrupal\u0131 olmayan k\u00f6kenliydi. O zamandan beri her y\u0131l durum b\u00f6yledir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Noktas\u0131 Sistemi<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Bu, Kanada&#39;ya girmek isteyen herkesin bunu yapabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. Irk veya ulusal k\u00f6ken nedeniyle k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Kanada giri\u015fi i\u00e7in kimin arzu edilen bir aday oldu\u011funu ve kimin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in hala kat\u0131 kriterler s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \r\n1960&#39;lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Kanada, Kanada&#39;ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuran bireyler i\u00e7in liyakate dayal\u0131 standartlar belirlemek i\u00e7in bir puan sistemi ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bu sistem kapsam\u0131nda, her ba\u015fvuru sahibine ya\u015f, e\u011fitim, \u0130ngilizce veya Frans\u0131zca konu\u015fma yetene\u011fi ve s\u00f6z konusu ba\u015fvuru sahibinin i\u015f becerileri i\u00e7in talep puanlar\u0131 verilir. Ba\u015fvuru sahibi, yeterli puan alman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve iyi karakterdeyse, e\u015f \r\n leri ve bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile birlikte kabul edildi. Yeterli puan alamayanlar\u0131n kabul\u00fc reddedildi. Daha yak\u0131n zamanlarda Kanada, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, vas\u0131fl\u0131 \r\n ve hemen istihdama edilebilir g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin kabul\u00fcn\u00fc tercih etmek i\u00e7in prosed\u00fcrlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bir zamanlar Kanada&#39;da kurulan yeni gelenlerin \u00e7o\u011fu - \u015fimdi \u201ctoprak g\u00f6\u00e7meni\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r - \u00f6zellikle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">oy kullanma hakk\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir Kanada vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm haklar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r<\/a>. Kanada&#39;da belirli bir \r\n y\u0131l ikamet ettikten sonra (\u015fu anda be\u015f y\u0131ldan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l), her yerle\u015fik g\u00f6\u00e7men Kanada vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurabilir. Ek olarak, yerli g\u00f6\u00e7menler, Kanada vatanda\u015flar\u0131 gibi, ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc kat\u0131 Kanada kabul kriterlerini kar\u015f\u0131layamayabilecek yak\u0131n aile \r\n \u00fcyelerinin Kanada&#39;ya kabul\u00fcne sponsor olmak i\u00e7in de ba\u015fvurabilirler. Sponsor, Kanada&quot;ya getirilen herkesin Kanada toplumu i\u00e7in ekonomik bir y\u00fck haline gelmemesini sa\u011flamay\u0131 kabul etmelidir.. Uzun y\u0131llar boyunca, Kanada&quot;da bulunanlar\u0131n sponsor \r\n lu aileleri, Kanada&#39;ya kabul edilenlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck grubuydu. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">Kanad <em>a&#39;da<\/em> Aile Birle\u015fmesine bak\u0131n<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>1945 Sonras\u0131 M\u00fclteci G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#39;n\u0131n sona ermesinden bu yana, m\u00fclteciler ve sava\u015f<\/a> ve \u015fiddet nedeniyle m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilen di\u011ferleri Kanada&#39;n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline geldi. Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc \r\n k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Kanada on binlerce yerinden edilmi\u015f ki\u015fiyi kabul etti. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu sava\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnden evsiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ya da sava\u015f\u0131n sonunda kendilerini vatanda\u015fl\u0131k \u00fclkelerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulmu\u015flard\u0131 ve geri d\u00f6nmeyi reddettiler. Yerinden edilenler aras\u0131nda\r\n, geri d\u00f6nebilecekleri hi\u00e7bir toplulu\u011fu veya ailesi olmayan Yahudi Holokost&#39;tan kurtulanlar vard\u0131. Yerinden edilmi\u015f di\u011fer ki\u015filer, Sovyet egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na giren \u00fclkelere geri g\u00f6nderilmeyi reddetti. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu Kanada&#39;ya yerle\u015fti, burada yeni hayatlar kurdular.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1960&#39;lar ve 1970&#39;lerde Kanada, diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck alt\u0131ndaki di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden gelen m\u00fcltecilerin k\u00f6t\u00fc durumuna da yan\u0131t verdi. 1956&#39;daki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z Macar ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n ve 1968&#39;de \r\n Sovyetler Birli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7ekoslovakya&#39;da siyasi reformun ezilmesinin ard\u0131ndan m\u00fclteciler bat\u0131ya ka\u00e7t\u0131. Kanada, m\u00fclteci pay\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmek i\u00e7in normal g\u00f6\u00e7menlik prosed\u00fcrlerini bir kenara b\u0131rakarak yan\u0131t verdi. Takip eden y\u0131llarda Kanada, \r\n Uganda, \u015eili ve ba\u015fka yerlerdeki siyasi ayaklanmalardan gelen m\u00fcltecilere bir kez daha \u00f6zel yard\u0131m sa\u011flad\u0131. (<em>Ayr\u0131ca bkz<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/latin-americans\/\">Latin Amerikal\u0131lar<\/a>.) Bu vakalar\u0131n her birinde, m\u00fclteciler g\u00f6\u00e7menlik d\u00fczenlemelerinin bir istisnas\u0131 olarak ve ola\u011fan g\u00f6\u00e7menlik \r\n prosed\u00fcrlerinin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc takip etmeden kabul edildi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1978&#39;de Kanada, ilk kez Kanada&#39;n\u0131n m\u00fcltec <em>ilerin bas<\/em> k\u0131dan yeniden yerle\u015ftirilmesine olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 teyit eden yeni bir G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Yasas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Yani, vatanda\u015fl\u0131k \u00fclkelerinde sa\u011flam temelli bir zul\u00fcm korkusu olan bireyler. \r\nBuna g\u00f6re, m\u00fclteciler art\u0131k g\u00f6\u00e7menlik d\u00fczenlemelerinin bir istisnas\u0131 olarak Kanada&#39;ya kabul edilmeyecekti. M\u00fcltecilerin kabul\u00fc art\u0131k Kanada g\u00f6\u00e7menlik yasalar\u0131n\u0131n ve d\u00fczenlemelerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak m\u00fclteci kabul\u00fc tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ve y\u00f6netimi zor olmaya \r\n devam etti. (<em>Ayr\u0131ca bkz<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Kanada M\u00fclteci Politi<\/a> kas\u0131.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"Qu\u00e9bec&#39;teki Vietnaml\u0131 m\u00fclteciler\" alt=\"Qu\u00e9bec&#39;teki Vietnaml\u0131 m\u00fclteciler\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Bu yeni mevzuat kapsam\u0131ndaki ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclteci yeniden yerle\u015ftirme program\u0131, Kanada&#39;n\u0131n G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asyal\u0131 m\u00fcltecileri ve \u00f6zellikle de \r\n genellikle \u201ctekne halk\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">Vietnam<\/a> &#39;dan gelenleri kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131nda Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi 1980&#39;lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Tekne insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, Vietnam&quot;dan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck teknelerle ka\u00e7anlar aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ildi ve sonunda kendilerini Tayland veya Hong Kong&quot;daki m\u00fclteci kamplar\u0131nda kal\u0131c\u0131 evler bekleyen m\u00fclteci kamplar\u0131nda bulanlar aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ildi.. (<em>Ayr\u0131ca bkz<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-boat-people-refugee-crisis\">\u201cTekne Halk\u0131\u201d M\u00fclteci Krizine \r\n Kanada Yan<\/a> \u0131t\u0131.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Koruma isteyen baz\u0131 insanlar g\u00f6\u00e7menlik yetkilileri taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmez, bunun yerine m\u00fclteci stat\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmak i\u00e7in Kanada&#39;ya gelirler. Bu \u201cs\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u201d bazen Do\u011fu Avrupa ile K\u00fcba aras\u0131ndaki Gander, Newfoundland&#39;a yak\u0131t ikmali yapmak i\u00e7in inen u\u00e7u\u015flardan indi \r\n kten sonra Kanada&#39;ya geldiler. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu Kanada&#39;da s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak aramak i\u00e7in Orta Amerika, Afrika, Orta Do\u011fu, Hindistan alt k\u0131tas\u0131 ve \u00c7in&#39;deki sava\u015f ve zul\u00fcm\u00fcn deh\u015fetinden ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kanada&#39;ya vard\u0131klar\u0131nda, s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar Kanad \r\n al\u0131 yetkililere anavatanlar\u0131nda zul\u00fcm g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini kan\u0131tlamal\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fclteci stat\u00fcs\u00fc verilirse, Kanada&#39;da kalabilirler; aksi takdirde, davac\u0131lar s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilebilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Sonlar\u0131nda G\u00f6\u00e7<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>1980&#39;lerde, Kanada&#39;ya giren ve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">m\u00fcltec<\/a> i stat\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuranlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131 ve Kanada&#39;n\u0131n belirleme s\u00fcreci ba\u015fvuru sahiplerini h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde i\u015fleme koymak i\u00e7in zorland\u0131. M\u00fclteci \r\n davac\u0131lar\u0131 da Kanadal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan evrensel olarak memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131. Baz\u0131 Kanadal\u0131lar, m\u00fclteci ba\u015fvuru sahiplerinin \u00e7o\u011funun ger\u00e7ekten me\u015fru m\u00fclteciler olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, s\u0131k\u0131 Kanada g\u00f6\u00e7menlik d\u00fczenlemelerini a\u015fman\u0131n bir yolunu arayan bireyler oldu\u011fundan endi\u015fe ediyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>M\u00fclteci sorunu, 1980&#39;lerin sonlar\u0131nda, iki geminin Kanada&#39;n\u0131n do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda Sih (<em>bk<\/em> z. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sikhism\/\">Sihizm) ve Tamil \r\n m\u00fclteci ba\u015fvuru sahiplerinin y\u00fcklerini yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fekilde mahsur b\u0131rakmas\u0131yla<\/a> Kanadal\u0131lara \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde getirildi. Kanada&quot;n\u0131n m\u00fcltecilerle \u201csular alt\u0131nda\u201d olaca\u011f\u0131na dair b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde abart\u0131l\u0131 korkular\u0131n ortas\u0131nda, Parlamento ve g\u00f6\u00e7menlik yetkilileri m\u00fclteci d\u00fczenlemelerini ve prosed\u00fcrlerini s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7, Kanadal\u0131 m\u00fclteci belirleme s\u00fcrec \r\n inin s\u00fcrekli olarak d\u00fczene sokulmas\u0131 veya sertle\u015ftirilmesidir.. Kanadal\u0131 yetkililer, m\u00fclteci iddias\u0131nda bulunabilecek bireylerin Kanada&quot;ya ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in di\u011fer \u00fclkeler ve nakliye \u015firketleriyle de yak\u0131n bir \r\n \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.. Baz\u0131 Kanadal\u0131lar, bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin, baz\u0131 me\u015fru m\u00fcltecilerin art\u0131k uluslararas\u0131 hukuka g\u00f6re hak kazand\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklar\u0131n reddedildi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmesinden endi\u015fe duyuyorlar..<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1980&#39;lerin sonlar\u0131nda ve 1990&#39;lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, m\u00fclteci adaylar\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015fini engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken bile, Kanada istihdama edilebilir becerilere veya \u00f6nemli finansal kaynaklara sahip di\u011fer g\u00f6\u00e7menler i\u00e7in yeni yollar a\u00e7t\u0131. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">Brian Mulroney&quot;in \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\/\">Muhafazakar<\/a> h\u00fck\u00fcmeti s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015flayarak<\/a>, Kanada&#39;da yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak \r\n ve i\u015f kurmak i\u00e7in gerekli sermaye veya becerilere sahip olanlar Kanada g\u00f6\u00e7menli\u011fine ba\u015fvurmaya davet edildi. Fikir, bu giri\u015fimlerin Kanada&quot;da istihdama ve zenginlik yaratmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131yd\u0131..<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak, giri\u015fimci veya i\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7menlerinin say\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131 ve Kanada&#39;ya giren t\u00fcm g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin y\u00fczde 6&#39;s\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131. Hong Kong&#39;dan \u00e7ok say\u0131da giri\u015fimci s\u0131n\u0131f g\u00f6\u00e7men geldi, bir\u00e7o\u011fu \u00c7in&#39;in Hong Kong&#39;u 1997&#39;de ele ge\u00e7irmesinden \u00f6nce kendileri, aileleri ve varl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli bir liman ar\u0131yordu. \r\n Bir\u00e7o\u011funun Kanada&#39;n\u0131n davetine ve Kanada&#39;da sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in sunulan f\u0131rsatlara cevap vermesi do\u011fald\u0131. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Kanada, Hong Kong ve di\u011fer \u00c7in g\u00f6\u00e7leri ve ka\u00e7an sermaye i\u00e7in ba\u015fl\u0131ca \r\n destinasyon haline geldi. 1981 ve 1983 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00c7inli g\u00f6\u00e7menler Kanada ekonomisine 1,1 milyar dolar yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131. Hong Kong ve di\u011fer \u00c7in g\u00f6\u00e7leri, \u00c7in toplulu\u011funun \u015fu anda en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7men grubunu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Vancouver ve Toronto gibi daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \r\n kentsel alanlarda \u00f6zellikle belirgindir. Bununla birlikte, bu giri\u015fimci s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin \u00e7o\u011fu \u0130ngilizce veya Frans\u0131zca konu\u015farak gelmedi, ve bu, Kanada h\u00fck\u00fcmet \r\n ini Kanada&quot;ya gelenler i\u00e7in daha sert dil gereksinimleri getirmeye sevk etti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Afrika&#39;dan (\u00f6zellikle G\u00fcney Afrika, Tanzanya, Etiyopya, Kenya, Gana, Uganda ve Nijerya&#39;dan) g\u00f6\u00e7 de 1980&#39;lerde ve 1990&#39;larda artt\u0131. Bu yeni gelenlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 Kanada&#39;da daha iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 arayan akademik niteliklere sahip profesyonellerdi. \r\nAncak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, men\u015fe \u00fclkelerinde sava\u015f, k\u0131tl\u0131k ve siyasi ve ekonomik istikrars\u0131zl\u0131ktan ka\u00e7an m\u00fcltecilerdi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1990&#39;lar\u0131n ekonomik yava\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte, Kanada g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc kamusal tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olarak yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn Kanada toplumu \u00fczerindeki devam eden etkisi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu \u00e7ok do\u011fald\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok ekonomist, nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \r\n do\u011fum oran\u0131 ve ya\u015flanan n\u00fcfusu ile Kanada&#39;n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin Kanada&#39;ya getirdi\u011fi n\u00fcfus, enerji, beceri, sermaye ve sat\u0131n alma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn inf\u00fczyonuna ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunuyor. Ancak baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphe uyand\u0131rmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kanada&quot;ya girenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu Avrupa k\u00f6kenli olmayan g\u00f6\u00e7menler olu\u015ftururken, baz\u0131 Kanadal\u0131lar kentsel Kanada&quot;n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fen karakterinden endi\u015fe duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdiler. ancak, di\u011fer etnik ve \u0131rksal \r\n k\u00f6kenli Kanadal\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik bu \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu genellikle abart\u0131lma ve az\u0131nl\u0131k topluluklar\u0131na zarar verme e\u011filimindedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kanada&quot;da g\u00f6\u00e7le ilgili kamuoyu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 medeni kald\u0131 ve kesinlikle \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u00f6\u00e7menin geli\u015finin Fransa ve Almanya&quot;da k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiddet t\u00fcr\u00fcnden muaf oldu..<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001&#39;den beri Kanada G\u00f6\u00e7menli\u011fi<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001 olaylar\u0131n\u0131n, ter\u00f6r tehdidinin ve g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan bir sonucu olarak Kanada g\u00f6\u00e7menlik politikas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. (<em>Ayr\u0131ca bkz<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11 ve Kanada<\/a>.) \r\n2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda, G\u00f6 <em>\u00e7menlik ve M\u00fclteci Koruma Yas<\/em> as\u0131 (IRPA) kabul edildi. Yeni yasa 1976 <em>G\u00f6\u00e7menlik Yasas\u0131&#39;n\u0131n yerini ald\u0131<\/em>. \u00d6zellikle m\u00fclteciler de dahil olmak \u00fczere Kanada&#39;ya g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. ancak, Yasa <em>ayn\u0131<\/em> zamanda ortak hukuk veya e\u015fcinsel ili\u015fkilerde olan ki\u015filerin Kanada&#39;ya girmesini de \r\n kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kanada&#39;n\u0131n m\u00fclteci g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc konusundaki daha sert tutumu, 2009-2010 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Tamil s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lara nas\u0131l davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131na yans\u0131d\u0131. \u201cSahte\u201d m\u00fclteciler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir\u00e7o\u011fu me\u015fru m\u00fclteci olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hapsedildi. Bir\u00e7ok Kanadal\u0131, Kanada&quot;da koruma aramak i\u00e7in ABD-Kanada s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan \r\n d\u00fczensiz ge\u00e7i\u015f yapan s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lara benzer \u015fekilde tepki g\u00f6sterdi. (<em>Ayr\u0131ca bkz<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Kanada-Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri G\u00fcvenli \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00dclke Anla\u015f<\/a> mas\u0131.) \r\nBu, ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkeye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma talebinde bulunman\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir insan hakk\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen oldu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bu tutumlar, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">Kanada&#39;n\u0131n Suriye m\u00fclteci krizine verdi\u011fi tepkiyle tam bir tezat olu\u015fturuyordu<\/a>. 2015 ve 2017 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Kanada, \r\n 54.000 Suriyeli m\u00fclteci h\u0131zla yeniden yerle\u015ftirdi. Bu say\u0131 ABD&#39;den daha fazla olsa da, Kanada&#39;n\u0131n katk\u0131s\u0131 Almanya, L\u00fcbnan, T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130sve\u00e7 gibi di\u011fer \u00fclkelere k\u0131yasla azald\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Kanada&#39;ya G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz G\u00f6\u00e7menli\u011fi<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Kanada her y\u0131l \u00f6nemli say\u0131da g\u00f6\u00e7men al\u0131yor. 2001&#39;den 2014&#39;e kadar, Kanada&#39;ya her y\u0131l ortalama 249.500 g\u00f6\u00e7men yerle\u015fti. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda 271.800&#39;den fazla g\u00f6\u00e7men kabul edilirken, bu say\u0131 2016&#39;da 296. \r\n 300&#39;\u00fcn \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2016 ve 2021 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Kanada 1,3 milyondan biraz fazla g\u00f6\u00e7meni a\u011f\u0131rlad\u0131. 202@@ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">1<\/a> &#39;deki n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 verileri, Hindistan, Filipinler ve \u00c7in&#39;den gelen g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin Kanad \r\n a&#39;ya gelen son g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin en \u00e7ok say\u0131daki \u00fc\u00e7 grubu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Son g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 18,6&#39;s\u0131 Hindistan&#39;da, y\u00fczde 11,4&#39;\u00fc Filipinler&#39;de ve y\u00fczde 8,9&#39;u \u00c7in&#39;de do\u011fdu. (Bk <em>z<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">G\u00fcney Asyal\u0131 Kanadal\u0131lar<\/a>; \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">Filipinli Kanadal\u0131lar<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">\u00c7inli Kanadal\u0131lar<\/a>.) Di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7men gruplar\u0131 Suriye \r\n (y\u00fczde 4,8), Nijerya (y\u00fczde 3), ABD (y\u00fczde 3), Pakistan (y\u00fczde 2,7), Fransa (y\u00fczde 2), \u0130ran (y\u00fczde 1,9) ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k&#39;tan (y\u00fczde 1,7) kaynakland\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>Testi yap!<\/strong> \r\n<br>Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k M\u00fccadelesi taraf\u0131ndan sunulan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">bu testi<\/a> yaparak Kanada&#39;da \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fck bilginizi test edin! Historica Canada&quot;n\u0131n bir program\u0131 olan Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k M\u00fc \r\n cadelesi, Kanadal\u0131lar\u0131 sahte bir vatanda\u015fl\u0131k <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">s\u0131nav\u0131na ve di\u011fer temal\u0131 s\u0131navlara<\/a> girerek ulusal bilgilerini test etmeye davet ediyor.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>Yeni gelenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu (y\u00fczde 88,7) d\u00f6rt eyalete yerle\u015fti: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">Ontario<\/a> (y\u00fczde 44), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">Quebec<\/a> (\r\ny\u00fczde 15,3), <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">British Columbia<\/a> (y\u00fczde 14,9) ve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">Alberta<\/a> (y\u00fczde 14,5). Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">Toronto<\/a> (y\u00fczde 29,5), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">Montreal<\/a> (y\u00fczde 12,2) ve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">Vancouver<\/a> (y\u00fczde 11,7) gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehir merkezlerinde de ya\u015f\u0131yor. \r\n Sadece bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fehir, son g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yor. Bununla birlikte, g\u00f6\u00e7menler di\u011fer \u015fehir merkezlerine yerle\u015ftik\u00e7e bu y\u00fczde azald\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2021 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re, aslen Kanada d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda do\u011fan Kanadal\u0131lar Kanada n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 23&#39;\u00fcn\u00fc (8.3 milyon ki\u015fi) olu\u015fturuyordu - 1921&#39;den bu yana rekor y\u00fcksek bir oran. Kanada, G7 \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek g\u00f6\u00e7men oran\u0131na sahiptir. (B <em>k<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">z. Kanada ve G7<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Modern Kanada, ilk Frans\u0131z yerle\u015fimcilerden ba\u015flayarak, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, Orta Avrupa, Karayipler ve Afrika&#39;dan gelen yeni gelenler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Asya ve Orta \r\n Do\u011fu&#39;dan gelen g\u00f6\u00e7menlere kadar bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7men grubunun g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ve katk\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine in\u015fa edildi. Ir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k<\/a> ve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">ayr\u0131mc<\/a> \u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklar devam ederken, Kanada topl \r\n umu genellikle g\u00f6\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131k olmaya devam ediyor. Dahas\u0131, bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7menin Kanada toplumuna katk\u0131s\u0131 ve Kanada topraklar\u0131nda daha iyi bir toplum in\u015fa etmeye yard\u0131m etme arzusu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz.<\/p>","slug":"goc","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"tr","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":2,"created_at":"2025-01-08T18:12:49.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-08T18:12:49.000000Z"},{"id":"9dfbdb34-fca4-44f5-96e7-b4e5f04aa2ac","article_id":"76085","title":"\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646","summary":"<p>\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u062b\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u060c \u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u06a9\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0688\u0627\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0644\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0648\u06a9 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 (<em>\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be<\/em> \u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">\u0688<\/a> \u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u061b \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u06c1<\/a><\/a> \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \r\n \u06a9\u06d2 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u0645\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u06be\u06cc<\/a> \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>(\u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 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title=\"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\" alt=\"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"\u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc\" alt=\"\u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0646\u06cc\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 (16 \u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0627 18 \u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u062f\u06cc)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>17 \u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 18 \u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u067e\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06c1\u060c 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u0633<\/a> \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba<\/a> \u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0648\u0631 1700 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0622\u0626\u0631\u0634 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0646\u06cc\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\">\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0646<\/a> \u0688 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u06a9\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">\u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06d4<\/a> \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u06c1 \u0628\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0646\u06d2 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canals-and-inland-waterways\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/railway-history\/\">\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u060c \u0622\u0626\u0631\u0634 \u0646\u06d2 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u06c1 \u0646\u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u06a9\u0691\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/timber-trade-history\/\">\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0691\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0631\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06d2 \u0646\u06cc\u0679 \u0648\u0631\u06a9<\/a> \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648 \r\n \u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 \r\n<\/a><\/a> \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u06cc 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">\u0628\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0644\u062c\u06cc\u0626\u0646\u060c \u0688\u0686\u060c \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0688\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0626\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0646\u06cc\u060c \r\n \u0631\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\u06af \u0622\u0626\u06d2\u06d4<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0679\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u06d4 \r\n\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u06c1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0648<\/em><\/a> \u0628\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0679 \u0646\u06d2 \u0635\u0648\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc <em>\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc<\/em> \u0634\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0679 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be<\/a> \u06cc\u06ba\u06d4) \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u06d2 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \r\n \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06d2 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11 <em>\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc<\/em> \u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/a>) \r\n2002 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0688 <em>\u067e\u0646\u0627\u06c1 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u06cc<\/em> \u06a9\u0679 (\u0622\u0631 \u067e\u06cc \u0627\u06d2) \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 1976 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0679 \u06a9\u06cc <em>\u062c\u06af\u06c1 \u0644\u06d2<\/em> \u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u06c1\u0627\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u06c1\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0679 <em>\u0646\u06d2 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/em> \u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \r\n \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u06d4<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u067e\u0646\u0627\u06c1 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u062c\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u06a9\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1 2009\u20142010 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u201c\u062c\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u201d \u0645\u06c1\u0627\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0645\u06c1\u0627\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc \r\n \u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u062d\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u06cc (\u06a9\u06cc <em>\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">\u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u062a\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06c1 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/a>) \r\n\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0646\u0627\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u0642 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u06cc\u06c1 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06d2 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06c1\u0627\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u062a\u06be\u06d2\u06d4<\/a> 2015 \u0627\u0648\u0631 2017 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0646\u06d2 \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \r\n 54\u060c000 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06c1\u0627\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0688\u0646 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0626\u06cc\u06d4<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 2001 \u0633\u06d2 2014 \u062a\u06a9\u060c \u06c1\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627 249\u060c500 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0626\u06d2\u06d4 2015 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c 271\u060c800 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0628\u06a9\u06c1 2016 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0691\u06be \u06a9\u0631 296\u060c300 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0626\u06cc\u06d4 \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2016 \u0627\u0648\u0631 2021 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0646\u06d2 1.3 \u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 2021 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645<\/a> \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u062a\u06c1 \u0686\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u067e\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \r\n \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627 18.6 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2\u060c 11.4 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u0641\u0644\u067e\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 8.9 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 (<em>\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u06cc<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0646\u061b \u0641\u0644\u067e<\/a> \u0627\u0626\u0646 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0646\u061b \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">\u0688\u06cc\u0646\u06d4<\/a>) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645 \r\n (4.8 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f)\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0627 (3 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f)\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06c1 (3 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f)\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (2.7 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f)\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 (2 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f)\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 (1.9 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06c1 (1.7 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f) \u0633\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>\u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u06ba!<\/strong> \r\n<br>\u0634\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0686\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062c \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06c1 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0632 \u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u062b\u0642 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a> \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0686 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba! <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">\u06c1\u0633\u0679\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0634\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0686\u06cc \r\n \u0644\u0646\u062c \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0632 \u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0686 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0622\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a (88.7 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f) \u0686\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0626\u06cc: \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0679 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648<\/a> (44 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f)\u060c \u06a9\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u0648\u0628\u06a9<\/a> (15.3 \u0641\u06cc \r\n \u0635\u062f)\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0679\u0634 \u06a9\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">\u0644\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u0627<\/a> (14.9 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f) \u0627\u0648\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631<\/a> \u0679\u0627 (14.5 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f) \u06d4 \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u0634\u06c1\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0632 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0679 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">\u0648\u0631<\/a> \u0646\u0679\u0648 (29.5 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f)\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 (12.2 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0631 (11.7 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f) \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0631\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/a><\/a> \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0634\u06c1\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u06c1\u060c \u06cc\u06c1 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u06a9\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0634\u06c1\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2021 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 23 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f (8.3 \u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f) \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06d2 \u062a\u06be\u06d2\u06d4 1921 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0688 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u06cc 7 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 (<em>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u06cc 7<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06c1\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06c1\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u067e\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0622\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0622\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \r\n \u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0622 \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u06c1 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633<\/a> \u0644\u0648\u06a9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627<\/a> \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0686\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \r\n \u0642\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u06c1 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0622\u06ba\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0688\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2<\/p>","slug":"gurt","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"ur","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-16T18:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-16T18:00:00.000000Z"},{"id":"9db32c58-add6-4c10-b076-57556b354752","article_id":"76085","title":"Immigration to Canada","summary":"<p>S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y sang qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Canada. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Canada kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \r\n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Canada. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">\u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/a> (<em>xem<\/em> Ch\u00ednh <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u1edf<\/a> Canada; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn Canada).<\/a> Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \r\n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u00e1c d\u00e2n <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/a> t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Galicia\" alt=\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Galicia\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"Tr\u1ebb m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn Canada\" alt=\"Tr\u1ebb m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn Canada\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"Doukhobors Nga\" alt=\"Doukhobors Nga\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0\" alt=\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"T\u00e2y t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\" alt=\"Best West cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o T\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 - 18)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Canada, kh\u00f4ng coi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c Anh ban \u0111\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c n\u0103ng \r\n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. Vi\u1ec7c di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn Canada c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c Anh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m, nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Anh ho\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p lo s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n b\u00e9o b\u1edf (<em>xem \r\n Bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/fur-trade\/\">l\u00f4ng<\/a> th\u00fa<\/em>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf Canada. H\u1ecd hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u00eau s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean - th\u01b0\u1eddng thay m\u1eb7t cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \r\n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba sang<\/a> C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \r\nD\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/new-france\/\">T\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p<\/a> v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed9c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">chinh ph\u1ee5c<\/a> c\u1ee7a Anh (1759\u201460) l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 65.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ede \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\">Nova Scotia<\/a>, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sco <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/scots\">tland \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\">\u0110\u1ee9c<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\">Th\u1ee5y S\u0129<\/a>. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1700, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\">Ireland \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng<\/a> c\u1ed1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">Newfoundland<\/a>. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p (<em>xem th\u00eam<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-immigration-in-canada\">Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Canada<\/a>), n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \r\n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean, qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1p r\u1eddi \u0111i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn Canada. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \r\n nghi ng\u1edd li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Anh hoan ngh\u00eanh hay kh\u00f4ng. Sau n\u00e0y lo s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 theo \u0111\u1ea1o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">Tin l\u00e0nh<\/a> n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong m\u1ed9t \r\n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 b\u1ecb<\/a> chinh ph\u1ee5c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 Anh c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n h\u00f2a h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \r\n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba M\u1ef9 \u1edf ph\u00eda nam Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1nQwJ4NDRaO1PhAPuWnxDoGN2adxIhoqj\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 trung th\u00e0nh (Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 - 19)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb Anh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/province-of-quebec-1763-91\">Quebec<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1ea1o Tin l\u00e0nh b\u1ecb di d\u1eddi b\u1edfi C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hoa K\u1ef3. \r\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean United Empire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\">Loyalists<\/a>, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n<\/a> ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd di c\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \r\n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u1eady. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, Canada l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ee9 hai, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00ec \u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3, b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>S\u1ef1 di c\u01b0 trung th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Canada, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1edbt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \r\n m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u1edf Canada nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Da \u0111en<\/a> c\u0169ng r\u1eddi Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 thu\u1ed9c Anh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Da \r\n \u0111en ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/shelburne\">Shelburne<\/a> v\u00e0 Birch \r\n town \u1edf Nova Scotia. (<em>Xem th\u00eam S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-feature\">hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en \u1edf Nova Scotia<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Ireland (Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Trong su\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba - \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Canada - \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 t\u1eeb Anh v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3 d\u1ea7n l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \r\n trong thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 m\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i khoai t\u00e2y l\u1edbn \u1edf Ireland v\u00e0, \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o \r\n n\u0103m 1848 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/a1d07311-76d4-4add-a712-6cf7e3974330.jpg\" title=\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Ireland\" alt=\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Ireland\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31e9a52d-4036-4435-9432-137b0f21fbda.jpg\" title=\"Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Ireland\" alt=\"Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Ireland\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Trong s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">Ireland<\/a> \u0111\u1ebfn Canada \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ireland l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \r\n c\u1ee7a Canada sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ireland th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh-Canada. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 \u1edf Canada-T\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo \u0111\u1ea1o Tin l\u00e0nh. \r\nTuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Ailen \u1edf nh\u00e0 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada g\u1ed1c Ph\u00e1p, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 Ireland n\u00e0y trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi V\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n Anh c\u0169ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd \u1edf m\u1ed9t Canada, n\u01a1i l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m \r\n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a M\u1ef9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/history-of-agriculture\/\">Sau khi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ireland b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i (<em>xem<\/em> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p).<\/a> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/railway-history\/\">Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ireland l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo m\u00f9a trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canals-and-inland-waterways\/\">k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o<\/a> m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/timber-trade-history\/\">ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ed7 \r\n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \r\n<\/a> Do \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn h\u01a1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c khu ph\u1ed1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ireland \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \r\n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Di c\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y (19 - \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\/\">V\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh cao v\u00e0 di c\u01b0 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Anh, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1eadu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/confederation\/\">Li\u00ean<\/a> minh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \r\n (\r\nxem D\u00e2n s\u1ed1).<\/a><\/em> V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, M\u1ef9 - v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n cung \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, t\u1ef1 do d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean - \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh-Canada. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p M\u1ef9 thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf New England (<em>xem<\/em> Ph\u00e1p-M\u1ef9) \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franco-americans\/\">.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prairie\/\">c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Prairie<\/a> t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Canada \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 sau khi - \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c - di d\u1eddi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-nations\">First Nations<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/metis\">M\u00e9tis<\/a> ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. (<em>Xem th\u00eam Cu\u1ed9c<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">n\u1ed5i d\u1eady T\u00e2y B\u1eafc<\/a>.) Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 di \r\n c\u01b0 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 l\u00faa m\u00ec c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u00faa m\u00ec c\u1ee9ng, tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">Wilfrid Laurier<\/a>, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. \r\nB\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Canada, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">Clifford Sifton, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/a> nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2n trang l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng. \u00d4ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \r\n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Anh, B\u1eafc \u00c2u v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng m\u1edf c\u1eeda nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Sifton b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Canada<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Canada \u01b0a th\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 da tr\u1eafng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1eeb trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3. \r\n\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i da tr\u1eafng b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00ec l\u00fd do <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/a>. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Anh ho\u1eb7c M\u1ef9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>B\u1ecb th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng. H\u1ecd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng theo s\u1edf th\u00edch gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Anh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \r\n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo sau l\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, B\u1ec9<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">H\u00e0 Lan<\/a>, Scandinavi, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">Th\u1ee5y S\u0129<\/a>, Ph\u1ea7n Lan, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">Nga<\/a>, \u00c1o- \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">H<\/a> ung (<em>xem<\/em> ng\u01b0\u1eddi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">\u00c1o<\/a>; \r\n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hungary), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraina v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba Lan. \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a> \r\nG\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i danh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u00edt \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n h\u01a1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam S <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">lav, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \r\n<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">Hy L\u1ea1p<\/a> v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Syria (<em>xem<\/em> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">\u1ea2 R\u1eadp<\/a>). \u1ede d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i<\/a>, \r\n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Roma v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">ng\u01b0\u1eddi Da \r\n \u0111en<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ottawa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i duy nh\u1ea5t khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadp c\u01b0. \u0110\u1ea1o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>lu\u1eadt B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a Anh<\/em><\/a> c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \r\n n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Quebec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Canada n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u1ef1 di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \r\n Quebec \u0111\u1ebfn New England. Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean bang, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn New England \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada Ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng c\u1eadn bi\u00ean. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, \r\n nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a Quebec trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u cam k\u1ebft khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ireland tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o Tin l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \r\n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u1edf Canada ho\u1eb7c B\u1eafc M\u1ef9. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3i m\u00f4n cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb g\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft n\u1ee3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \r\nTuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Canada. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u1ecd mang v\u1ee3 con \u0111\u1ebfn tham gia c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Trung t\u00e2m Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, Quebec, kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1911 \" alt=\"C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Trung t\u00e2m Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, Quebec, kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1911 \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn Canada, bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">Macedonia,<\/a> Nga, Ph\u1ea7n Lan v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/a> Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o Canada \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-pacific-railway\">s\u1eaft Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \r\n Canada<\/a>. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">Montreal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">Winnipeg<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">Toronto<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hamilton\/\">Hamilton<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">Vancouver<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c \r\n v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ireland.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 khoan dung x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i, r\u1eb1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \r\n v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 kinh t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">\u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray xe<\/a> \u0111i\u1ec7n, \r\n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t<\/a> \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1ng r\u00e3nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada v\u1eabn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7ng \r\n t\u1ed9c. \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Canada \u0111\u00e3 c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhu c\u1ea7u kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Canada. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \r\n s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c\" alt=\"Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>S\u1ef1 di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, thu\u1ebf<\/a> h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh, th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111i l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c \r\n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o Canada. (<em>Xem th\u00eam \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/a>.) Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Canada c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \r\n Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 lo s\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u1edf Canada v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c m\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c lan r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201cnguy c\u01a1 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \r\n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>N\u0103m 1914, g\u1ea7n 400 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u00ean con t\u00e0u <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>Komagata Maru \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi \u1edf b\u1ebfn<\/em><\/a> c\u1ea3ng Vancouver trong khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Canada tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. M\u1eb7c \r\n d\u00f9 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Anh, h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Canada \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi di c\u01b0 Nam \u00c1. H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Canada, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng con t\u00e0u kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Canada trong khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n Vancouver c\u1ed5 v\u0169 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb b\u1edd \r\n bi\u1ec3n. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Trong <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1<\/a> cu\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ee9c b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t \u1edf Canada. S\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \r\n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi Canada c\u0169ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Canada, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Anh v\u00e0 Canada \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/serbs\/\">Serbia<\/a>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba Lan v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Anh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \r\n kh\u00e1c nhau. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-army\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd tham gia, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, Macedonia v\u00e0 Ukraine \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n tham gia Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Canada.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1910\u201411, tin \u0111\u1ed3n lan truy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Da \u0111en \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn trung t\u00e2m Alberta. H\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, h\u1ecd \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Oklahoma, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 hy \r\n v\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf Alberta l\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec trong <em>\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0<\/em> c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 da \u0111en, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \r\n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Canada v\u00ec l\u00fd do s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c thanh tra nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ecdc theo bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n v\u00ec l\u00fd do y t\u1ebf. \r\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Canada. (<em>Xem th\u00eam<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deemed-unsuitable-black-pioneers-in-western-canada-feature\">Order-in-Council P.C<\/a>. 1911\u20141324.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/great-depression\/\">Do h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c do cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i suy tho\u00e1i g\u00e2y ra, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn h\u01a1n.<\/a> C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ee7 \r\n \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n di c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Canada. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1933, Hitler cai tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t n\u1ebfu Canada ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n<\/a> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m cho ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c li\u00ean bang, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n ngo\u1ea1i giao, \r\n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Canada. (<em>Xem th\u00eam<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">MS. St. Louis<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>X\u00f3a b\u1ecf r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Khi chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1945, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Canada v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e2u n\u1eefa. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, Canada d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \r\n m\u1edf c\u1eeda tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Canada theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u01b0a th\u00edch - nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u - nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, \r\n vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Canada t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n nam ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u00dd, Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 H\u00e0 Lan \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 H\u00e0 Lan \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u00e9bec\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 sau chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Canada n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 sau chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 \r\n s\u1edbm l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c - nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cao h\u01a1n - \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Canada \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u00e1c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau chi\u1ebfn tranh. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Canada, li\u00ean bang v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/human-rights\/\">nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n<\/a> \r\n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p chung v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada kh\u00e1c trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn, h\u1ecd \r\n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ecb th\u1ebf h\u1ea1ng hai \u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng, h\u1ecd l\u00ean \u00e1n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. H\u1ecd bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \r\n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00ec ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. V\u00e0, ngay khi Canada \u0111ang l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \r\n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng khai trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Canada. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho Canada \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n\u201d tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \r\n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. N\u0103m 1971, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Canada, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Canada kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c \u00c2u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra h\u00e0ng n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o Canada \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, Canada v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai l\u00e0 v\u00e0 ai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh Canada. \r\nV\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, Canada \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh t\u00edch cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ghi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m, \r\n h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u1ee3\/ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ghi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Canada \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \r\n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Canada, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn - b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n\u201d - nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Canada ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed<\/a>. Sau m\u1ed9t \r\n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i Canada (hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ba n\u0103m trong s\u1ed1 n\u0103m), m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Canada. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Canada, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o Canada cho c\u00e1c \r\n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Canada. Nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Canada s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng kinh t\u1ebf cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Canada. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \r\n \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf Canada l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o Canada. (<em>Xem Th\u1ed1ng<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">Nh\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u00ecnh \u1edf Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Di c\u01b0 t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n sau n\u0103m 1945<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai<\/a> k\u1ebft th\u00fac, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u1edfi chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Canada. Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu \r\n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, Canada \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i di d\u1eddi. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 gia c\u01b0 do chi\u1ebfn tranh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di d\u1eddi c\u00f3 \r\n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau Holocaust, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di d\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf Canada, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 1970, Canada c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i. Sau cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady Hungary kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1956 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf Ti\u1ec7p Kh\u1eafc b\u1edfi \r\n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. Canada \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ea1t sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, Canada m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u1ea5p tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf \r\n Uganda, Chile v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. (<em>Xem th\u00eam<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/latin-americans\/\">ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Latinh<\/a>.) Trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n \r\n theo t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>N\u0103m 1978, Canada ban h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Nh\u1eadp <em>c\u01b0<\/em> m\u1edbi, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Canada \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u1edf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \r\nTheo \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o Canada nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp c\u01b0. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Canada. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \r\n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. (<em>Xem th\u00eam Ch\u00ednh<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">s\u00e1ch t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf Qu\u00e9bec\" alt=\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf Qu\u00e9bec\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean theo lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, khi Canada d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a>, \r\n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi thuy\u1ec1n\u201d. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan ho\u1eb7c H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd nh\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. (<em>Xem th\u00eam Ph\u1ea3n<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-boat-people-refugee-crisis\">\u1ee9ng \r\n c\u1ee7a Canada \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n\u201d<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn Canada \u0111\u1ec3 xin t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n. Nh\u1eefng \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi xin t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ebfn Canada sau khi xu\u1ed1ng t\u00e0u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay gi\u1eefa \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00e0 Cuba h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh \r\n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u1edf Gander, Newfoundland. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u1edf Trung M\u1ef9, ch\u00e2u Phi, Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, ti\u1ec3u l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n \u1edf Canada. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn Canada, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \r\n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c Canada r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i Canada; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh Canada v\u00e0 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n<\/a> t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Canada g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Nh\u1eefng \r\n ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada hoan ngh\u00eanh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada lo ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, khi hai t\u00e0u b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sikh (<em>xem<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sikhism\/\">Sikh gi\u00e1o<\/a>) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau s\u00e1ch \r\n t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Tamil tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Canada. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh lo ng\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng Canada s\u1eafp b\u1ecb \u201ctr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c c \r\n \u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Canada. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Canada c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \r\n \u0111\u1ebfn Canada. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada lo ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 gia nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, Canada \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1ea3o \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\/\">th\u1ee7<\/a> c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">Brian Mulroney<\/a>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \r\n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kinh doanh \u1edf Canada \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Canada. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u1edf Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kinh doanh ho\u1eb7c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ea1t 6% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Canada. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp doanh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng an to\u00e0n cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \r\n gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Canada v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n \u1edf Canada. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, Canada tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \r\n \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh cho H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n \u0111ang bay. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1981 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1983, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 1,1 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Canada. Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \r\n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Vancouver v\u00e0 Toronto, n\u01a1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp doanh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Canada \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \r\n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u Phi (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb Nam Phi, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Kenya, Ghana, Uganda, v\u00e0 Nigeria) c\u0169ng t\u0103ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 1990. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf Canada. \r\nTuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfn tranh, n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Canada t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Canada. Trong khi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf cho r\u1eb1ng Canada, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \r\n sinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u00e0 \u0111i, c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c mua m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 mang \u0111\u1ebfn Canada. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Canada, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Canada. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada c\u00f3 \r\n ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u1edf Canada v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Canada k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2001<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Do h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2001, m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an ninh, Canada \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. (<em>Xem th\u00eam<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11 v\u00e0 Canada<\/a>.) \r\nN\u0103m 2002, \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o <em>v\u1ec7 Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0 T\u1ecb n\u1ea1n<\/em> (IRPA) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua. Lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi thay th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Nh\u1eadp <em>c\u01b0<\/em> n\u0103m 1976. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Canada tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, <em>\u0110\u1ea1o<\/em> lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi \r\n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Canada v\u1ec1 di c\u01b0 t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Tamil trong n\u0103m 2009-2010. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt\u201d, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf t\u00f9 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \r\n vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p M\u1ef9-Canada \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1edf Canada. (<em>Xem th\u00eam Th\u1ecfa<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ee9 ba an to\u00e0n Canada-Hoa K\u1ef3<\/a>.) \r\n\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 xin t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">Canada \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Syria<\/a>. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2017, Canada \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \r\n 54.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Syria. Trong khi con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n Hoa K\u1ef3, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Canada m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c, Lebanon, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2001 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2014, trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 249.500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Canada m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Trong n\u0103m 2015, h\u01a1n 271.800 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn trong khi con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u01a1n 296. \r\n 300 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2016 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2021, Canada \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n h\u01a1n 1,3 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1<\/a> t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2021 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \r\n ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Philippines v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ba nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn Canada nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. Kho\u1ea3ng 18,6% ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, 11,4% \u1edf Philippines v\u00e0 8,9% \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. (<em>Xem Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> Canada <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">Nam \u00c1; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada \r\n<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">Philippines; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada<\/a> g\u1ed1c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">Hoa<\/a>.) C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Syria \r\n (4,8%), Nigeria (3%), Hoa K\u1ef3 (3%), Pakistan (2,7%), Ph\u00e1p (2%), Iran (1,9%) v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh (1,7%).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>L\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra!<\/strong> \r\n<br>Ki\u1ec3m tra ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1edf Canada b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/a> cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi Th\u1eed th\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n! <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Historica Canada, Th\u1eed \r\n th\u00e1ch Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Canada m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada ki\u1ec3m tra ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n gi\u1ea3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c.<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 (88,7%) \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">Ontario<\/a> (44%), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">Quebec<\/a> (15, \r\n 3%), <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">British Columbia<\/a> (14,9%) v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">Alberta<\/a> (14,5%). H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \r\n c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">Toronto<\/a> (29,5%), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">Montreal<\/a> (12,2%) v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">Vancouver<\/a> (11,7%). Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2021, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada ban \u0111\u1ea7u sinh ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Canada chi\u1ebfm 23% (8,3 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi) d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Canada - m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1921. Canada c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 cao nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc G7. (<em>Xem<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">Canada v\u00e0 G7<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, Trung \u00c2u, Caribe v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 Trung \r\n \u0110\u00f4ng. Trong khi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t ra b\u1edfi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed<\/a> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Canada \r\n nh\u00ecn chung v\u1eabn c\u1edfi m\u1edf cho nh\u1eadp c\u01b0. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Canada v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Canada l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i.<\/p>","slug":"nhapvicu","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"vi","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":6,"created_at":"2024-12-11T14:51:27.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-11T14:51:27.000000Z"},{"id":"9db12732-acde-4ba0-8953-afe53125491c","article_id":"76085","title":"Immigration to Canada [\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927]","summary":"<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u7f6e\u800c\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u53e3\u6709\u5e8f\u589e\u957f\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e14\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\r\n\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316<\/a>\u793e\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u6beb\u4e0d\u63a9\u9970\u5730\u81ea\u79c1\u81ea\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u5b58\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u6216\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\uff08<em>\u89c1<\/em>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u79fb\u6c11<\/a>\u653f\u7b56\uff1b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u96be\u6c11\uff09\u3002<\/a>\u79fb\u6c11\u8fd8\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\r\n\u5265\u593a<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u571f\u8457<\/a>\u4eba\u6c11\u7956\u5148\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"\u52a0\u5229\u897f\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5229\u897f\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"\u524d\u5f80\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5b64\u513f\" alt=\"\u524d\u5f80\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5b64\u513f\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af Doukhobors\" alt=\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af Doukhobors\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"\u79fb\u6c11\" alt=\"\u79fb\u6c11\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"\u6700\u540e\u6700\u597d\u7684\u897f\u90e8\" alt=\"\u6700\u540e\u6700\u597d\u7684\u897f\u90e8\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u65b0\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\uff0816 \u81f3 18 \u4e16\u7eaa\uff09<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5728\u6574\u4e2a17\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c18\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u76d1\u7763\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c06\u548c\u89e3\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f18\u5148\u4e8b\u9879\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u6216\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6700\u521d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u597d\u82b1\u8d39\u9f13\u52b1\u5b9a\u5c45\u6240\u9700\r\n\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u91d1\u6216\u7cbe\u529b\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u6216\u82f1\u56fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/fur-trade\/\">\u5192\u9669\u5bb6\u3001\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u82f1\u56fd\u6216\u6cd5\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u884c\u4e8b\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u4f1a\u5e72\u6d89\u5229\u6da6\u4e30\u539a\u7684\r\n\u8d38\u6613\uff08\u89c1\u6bdb\u76ae\u8d38\u6613\uff09\u3002<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u6700\u7ec8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u8c28\u614e\u800c\u7f13\u6162\u5730\u9f13\u52b1\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u969c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u571f\u5730\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u5e76\u5f00\u91c7\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\r\n\u6b27\u6d32\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u3002\u8fd8\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u5c06<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u6539<\/a>\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u56f0\u96be\u3002\r\n\u82f1\u56fd<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">\u5f81\u670d<\/a>\u65f6\uff081759\u201460 \u5e74\uff09\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/new-france\/\">\u65b0\u6cd5\u5170\u897f<\/a>\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea6\u4e3a 65,000\u3002\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\">\u5728\u65b0\u65af\u79d1\u820d\u7701<\/a>\uff0c\u79fb\u5c45\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/scots\">\u82cf\u683c\u5170<\/a>\u793e\u533a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\">\u5fb7\u56fd<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\">\u745e\u58eb<\/a>\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u7684\u8865\u5145\u3002\u57281700\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\">\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u589e\u52a0\u4e86<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/newfoundland-and-labrador\">\u7ebd\u82ac\u5170\u7684\u4eba\u53e3<\/a>\u3002\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u79fb<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-immigration-in-canada\">\u6c11\uff08<em>\u53e6\u89c1<\/em>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6cd5\u56fd<\/a>\u79fb\u6c11\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7acb\u5373\u5e26\u6765\u5927\u91cf\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\r\n\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u82f1\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u5546\u4eba\u586b\u8865\u4e86\u5373\u5c06\u79bb\u4efb\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u540c\u884c\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\u5916\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u5bf9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u65b0\u884c\u653f\u957f\u5b98\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u503c\u5f97\u6000\u7591\u3002\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">\u540e\u8005\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u7684\u6d8c\u5165\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6700\u8fd1\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559<\/a>\u6cd5\u8bed\u533a\u7684\r\n\u7ba1\u7406\u590d\u6742\u5316\u3002<\/a>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u82f1\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4ee5\u5357\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u4e3a\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u548c\u719f\u6089\u7684\r\n\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1nQwJ4NDRaO1PhAPuWnxDoGN2adxIhoqj\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u5fe0\u8bda\u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u5341\u516b\u81f3\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/province-of-quebec-1763-91\">\u9b41\u5317\u514b<\/a>\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u82f1\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u8feb\u63a5\u53d7\u56e0\u7f8e\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u800c\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u7684\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u3002\r\n\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8054\u5408\u5e1d\u56fd<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\">\u5fe0\u8bda\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/a>\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u653f\u6cbb<a 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href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u672a\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u504f\u7231\u6765\u81ea\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\r\n\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u56e0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u539f\u56e0\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u5165\u5883\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u662f\u5c06\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5b9a\u5c45\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6216\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u519c\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u94c1\u8def\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u8981\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u5e73\u8861\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u7126\u8651\u548c\u75af\u72c2\u5bfb\u627e\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6309\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u4e86\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e\u7684\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\r\n\u4eba\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4eba\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">\u8377\u5170<\/a>\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u65af\u582a\u7684\u7eb3\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4eba\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">\u745e\u58eb<\/a>\u4eba\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">\u82ac\u5170<\/a>\u4eba\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/a>\u4eba\u3001\u5965<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">\u5308\u4eba\uff08<em>\u89c1<\/em>\u5965\u5730\u5229<\/a>\u4eba\uff1b\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4eba\uff09\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u3001\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u548c\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u3002\r\n \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a>\r\n<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">\u6392\u5728\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u4e0d\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u540c\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u592a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u3001\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eba\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">\u5e0c\u814a<\/a>\u4eba\u548c<\/a>\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\uff08\u89c1\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\uff09\u3002<\/a><\/em>\u6392\u5728\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\r\n\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u3001\u7f57\u59c6\u4eba\u548c\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\u9ed1\u4eba<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u6e25\u592a\u534e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u5404\u7701\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>\u82f1\u56fd\u5317\u7f8e\u6cd5\u300b<\/em><\/a>\u8fd8\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u5404\u7701\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\u3002\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5bf9\u6b64\u7279\u522b\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u82f1\u8bed\u533a\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u963b\u6b62\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9006\u8f6c\uff09\r\n\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u519c\u6751\u9752\u5e74\u5411\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0b\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u5c40\u4eba\u5458\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u6cd5\u88d4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u8fd4\u56de\u5bb6\u56ed\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u4f46\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u7528\u5730\u4e0a\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u4ec5\u53d6\u5f97\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\r\n\u4f46\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7ee7\u7eed\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4f18\u5148\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u79fb\u6c11\u90fd\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u91c7\u6216\u519c\u4e1a\u3002\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u975e\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e16\u9694\u7edd\u7684\u519c\u6751\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5728\r\n\u57ce\u5e02\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u53ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6682\u65f6\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6216\u5317\u7f8e\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u60f3\u8d5a\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u94b1\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u4e70\u4e00\u5757\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4e3a\u59d0\u59d0\u7b79\u96c6\u5ac1\u5986\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u507f\u8fd8\u5bb6\u5ead\u503a\u52a1\u3002\r\n\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u91c7\u7528\u5317\u7f8e\u6210\u529f\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u56e0\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u8361\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u5bb6\u56ed\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u7740\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u52a0\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u5217\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6 1911 \u5e74 \" alt=\"\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6 1911 \u5e74 \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u6765\u6e90\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u6837\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5f00\u59cb\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">\u9a6c\u5176\u987f\u4eba\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\u82ac\u5170\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002<\/a>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5bf9\u5ec9\u4ef7\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6216\u4ece\u4e8b\u5de5\u5382\u6216\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u5320\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ece\u4e8b\u91c7\u77ff\u6216\u4f10\u6728\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5b8c\u6210\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-pacific-railway\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b<\/a>\u94c1\u8def\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">\u6e29\u5c3c\u4f2f<\/a>\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">\u591a\u4f26\u591a<\/a>\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hamilton\/\">\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f<\/a>\u548c\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\u3002<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79fb\u6c11\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4ee5\u524d\u53ea\u6709\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\r\n\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7126\u8651\u548c\u504f\u89c1\u3002<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6765\u81ea\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5230\u6765\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u654c\u610f\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u4ee5\u6709\u5c0a\u4e25\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\u6001\u5ea6\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u662f\u6765\u8fd9\u91cc\u505c\u7559\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\r\n\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u6709\u5f85\u6539\u5584\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f5c\u7528\u2014\u2014\u94fa\u8bbe<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">\u6709\u8f68\u7535\u8f66<\/a>\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u6269\r\n\u5efa\u4e2d\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">\u7eba\u7ec7\u5382<\/a>\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6316\u6398\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u4ecd\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u65cf\u88d4\u6216\u79cd\u65cf\r\n\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5df2\u5c48\u670d\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e9b\u79fb\u6c11\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u5730\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e86\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u6027\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u5c31\u51fa\u53f0\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u57fa\u4e8e\u65cf\u88d4\r\n\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u8bc1\" alt=\"\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u8bc1\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u5c24\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">\u4eba\u5934\u7a0e<\/a>\u3001\u843d\u5730\u7a0e\u3001\u53cc\u8fb9\u9650\u5236\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65c5\u884c\u9650\u5236\u7b49\u63aa\u65bd\r\n\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7981\u6b62\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u89c1<\/em>\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b<\/a>\u3002\uff09\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5f53\u5c40\u8fd8\u62d2\u7edd\u5141\u8bb8\r\n\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u62c5\u5fc3\u8fd9\u5c06\u9f13\u52b1\u6682\u65f6\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5f53\u94c1\u8def\u6216\u77ff\u5de5\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7537\u5b50\u6c38\u4e45\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u666e\u904d\u62c5\u5fc3\u6240\u8c13\u7684 \u201c\u9ec4\u8272\u5371\u9669\u201d \u4f1a\u5371\u53ca\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\r\n\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1914\u5e74\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>Komagata Maru<\/em><\/a> \u53f7\u8239\u4e0a\u7684\u8fd1400\u540d\u5370\u5ea6\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u6e2f\u82e6\u82e6\u6323\u624e\uff0c\u800c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5f53\u5c40\u5219\u5728\u4e89\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\r\n\u5c3d\u7ba1\u662f\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u4e58\u5ba2\u8fd8\u662f\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5bf9\u5357\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u9650\u5236\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u65b0\u6d77\u519b\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u62a4\u9001\u8be5\u8230\u79bb\u5f00\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6c34\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u8bb8\u591a\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u5c45\u6c11\u5219\u5728\u5cb8\u4e0a\u6b22\r\n\u547c\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4e58\u5ba2\u8fd4\u56de\u5370\u5ea6\u540e\u4f1a\u4e27\u751f<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a>\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u53cd\u5fb7\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ec7\u5916\u654c\u610f\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u654c\u56fd\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u76df\u56fd\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\r\n\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9700\u8981\u519b\u4e8b\u4eba\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5f53\u5c40\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5916\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u3002\u9f13\u52b1\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/serbs\/\">\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4eba\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u548c<\/a>\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7b49\u56e2\u4f53\u91cd\u8fd4\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u6216\u88ab\u62db\u52df\u52a0\u5165\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u76df\u519b\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u82f1\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u3002\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-army\">\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u519b\u961f\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3001\u9a6c\u5176\u987f\u4eba\u548c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u81ea\u613f\u52a0\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u519b\u961f\u3002<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1910\u201411\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u4f20\u8a00\u8bf4\u4e00\u7fa4\u9ed1\u4eba\u6b63\u51c6\u5907\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u827e\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u4e2d\u90e8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab\u5974\u5f79\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u8d76\u51fa\u4fc4\u514b\u62c9\u8377\u9a6c\u5dde\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4ed6\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8d22\u4ea7\u5e76\r\n\u5e0c\u671b\u8fc7\u4e0a\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u827e\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u7acb\u7aff\u89c1\u5f71\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u5f53\u5c40\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<em>\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5<\/em>\u300b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u660e\u786e\u7981\u6b62\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u6cd5\u7684\u533b\u7597\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u5065\u5eb7\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u79fb\u6c11\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\r\n\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u793a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fb9\u5883\u6cbf\u7ebf\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u68c0\u67e5\u5458\u53ca\u5176\u533b\u7597\u52a9\u624b\u4ee5\u533b\u7597\u4e3a\u7531\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u9ed1\u4eba\u5165\u5883\u3002\r\n\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8bc9\u3002\u9ed1\u4eba\u88ab\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u91d1\u94b1\u6765\u8003\u8651\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u89c1<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deemed-unsuitable-black-pioneers-in-western-canada-feature\">P.C. 1911\u20141324 \u5e74\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u4ee4\u3002\uff09<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/great-depression\/\">\u5927\u8427\u6761<\/a>\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u65b9\u9488\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u575a\u5b9a\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u8f6c\u800c\u79ef\u6781\r\n\u963b\u6b62\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\u52301933\u5e74\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u65e0\u8f9c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f4f\u6240\uff0c\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e78\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bb8\u591a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5728\u56de\u5e94\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u96be\u6c11<\/a>\u65f6\u65e2\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7edd\u671b\u56f0\u5883\u8868\u793a\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u53c8\u5bf9\u7f3a\u4e4f\u653f\u5e9c\u63f4\u52a9\u611f\u5230\u5c34\u5c2c\uff0c\u4f46\u5305\u62ec\u8054\u90a6\u5185\u9601\u3001\u8bb8\u591a\u5916\u4ea4\u4f7f\u56e2\u6210\u5458\r\n\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u63a5\u53d7\u9003\u79bb\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u538b\u529b\u611f\u5230\u9707\u60ca\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u96be\u6c11\u80fd\u591f\u7ed5\u8fc7\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u9650\u5236\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">\u5723\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5973\u58eb<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u6d88\u9664\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u65cf\u88d4\u969c\u788d<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u57281945\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e0e\u6218\u524d\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6027\u76f8\u6bd4\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53d8\u5316\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5230\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u6218\u540e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7e41\u8363\u3001\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e02\u573a\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9010\u6e10\r\n\u91cd\u65b0\u5411\u6b27\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u655e\u5f00\u4e86\u5927\u95e8\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u6765\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\r\n\u6765\u81ea\u4e1c\u6b27\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u53ca\u5176\u76df\u56fd\u5173\u95ed\u4e86\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u79fb\u6c11\u4ece\u5357\u6b27\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"\u8377\u5170\u79fb\u6c11\u62b5\u8fbe\u9b41\u5317\u514b\" alt=\"\u8377\u5170\u79fb\u6c11\u62b5\u8fbe\u9b41\u5317\u514b\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u4e0e\u524d\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u79fb\u6c11\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6d41\u5165\u519c\u4e1a\u6216\u519c\u6751\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u91c7\u4e1a\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u5de5\u4e1a\u5f3a\u56fd\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6218\u540e\u79fb\u6c11\r\n\u5f88\u5feb\u586b\u8865\u4e86\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u4e1a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5e2e\u52a9\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53d7\u8fc7\u826f\u597d\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5219\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u5bf9\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u7d20\u548c\u719f\u7ec3\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5f3a\u52b2\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5728\u6218\u540e\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8054\u90a6\u548c\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u6162\u6162\u5c48\u670d\u4e8e\u524d\u4e00\u4ee3\u79fb\u6c11\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u5973<a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6295\u7968<\/a>\u6743\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c45\u4f4f\r\n\u4e00\u5b9a\u5e74\u9650\uff08\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u4e94\u5e74\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u5e74\uff09\u540e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4f4d\u767b\u9646\u79fb\u6c11\u5747\u53ef\u7533\u8bf7\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u767b\u9646\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5982\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7533\u8bf7\u62c5\u4fdd\u8fd1\u4eb2\r\n\u5c5e\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5165\u5883\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u62c5\u4fdd\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u610f\u786e\u4fdd\u4efb\u4f55\u88ab\u5e26\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\r\n\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u62c5\u4fdd\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u83b7\u51c6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\uff08<em>\u53c2\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>1945 \u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u79fb\u6c11<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u81ea<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u96be\u6c11\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u548c\u66b4\u529b\u800c\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u4eba\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u6f6e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u6218\u540e\u7684\r\n\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u77ed\u7f3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e86\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u56e0\u6218\u4e89\u800c\u65e0\u5bb6\u53ef\u5f52\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u5904\u56fd\u7c4d\u56fd\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd4\u56de\u56fd\u7c4d\u3002\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\r\n\u4e2d\u6709\u72b9\u592a\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u793e\u533a\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u8005\u62d2\u7edd\u9063\u8fd4\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fd8\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u72ec\u88c1\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u57281956\u5e74\u5308\u7259\u5229\u8d77\u4e49\u5931\u8d25\u4ee5\u53ca1968\u5e74\r\n\u82cf\u8054\u9547\u538b\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u96be\u6c11\u5411\u897f\u9003\u79bb\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u662f\u6682\u505c\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a5\u7eb3\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u96be\u6c11\u3002\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u518d\u6b21\u4e3a\r\n\u4e4c\u5e72\u8fbe\u3001\u667a\u5229\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u522b\u6d25\u8d34\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/latin-americans\/\">\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u4eba<\/a>\u3002\uff09\u5728\u6bcf\u8d77\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a5\u7eb3\u96be\u6c11\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u6761\u4f8b\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\r\n\u9075\u5faa\u6240\u6709\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1978\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u7684<em>\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5<\/em>\u9996\u6b21\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5bf9\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u7f6e\u6446\u8131\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u5373\uff0c\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7406\u7531\u62c5\u5fc3\u5728\u56fd\u7c4d\u56fd\u53d7\u5230\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\r\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u6761\u4f8b\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u5141\u8bb8\u96be\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u3002\u63a5\u7eb3\u96be\u6c11\u73b0\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u6761\u4f8b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u5165\u5883\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\r\n\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u96be\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u7684\u8d8a\u5357\u96be\u6c11\" alt=\"\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u7684\u8d8a\u5357\u96be\u6c11\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8fd9\u9879\u65b0\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u96be\u6c11\u5b89\u7f6e\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5e26\u5934\u6b22\u8fce\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u96be\u6c11\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6765\u81ea<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">\u8d8a\u5357<\/a>\u7684\u96be\u6c11\uff0c\r\n\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a 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\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u5728\u4ece\u4e1c\u6b27\u548c\u53e4\u5df4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u822a\u73ed\u4e0b\u673a\u540e\u62b5\u8fbe\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u822a\u73ed\u964d\u843d\u5728\u7ebd\r\n\u82ac\u5170\u7518\u5fb7\u52a0\u6cb9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u9003\u907f\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u4e2d\u4e1c\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u6b21\u5927\u9646\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u6050\u6016\uff0c\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e87\u62a4\u3002\u5230\u8fbe\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u540e\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e87\u62a4\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\r\n\u5411\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b98\u5458\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7956\u56fd\u53d7\u5230\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u83b7\u5f97\u96be\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u79fb\u6c11<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5e76\u7533\u8bf7<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u96be\u6c11<\/a>\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f88\u96be\u5feb\u901f\u5904\u7406\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u3002\u7533\u8bf7\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\r\n\u53d7\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u96be\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u96be\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u4e24\u8258\u8239\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e1c\u6d77\u5cb8\u975e\u6cd5\u6ede\u7559\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u9521\u514b\u6559\u5f92\uff08<em>\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sikhism\/\">\u9521\u514b\u6559<\/a>\uff09\u548c\u6cf0\u7c73\u5c14\r\n\u96be\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u7684\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u4f7f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u6781\u5176\u5938\u5f20\u5730\u62c5\u5fc3\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5373\u5c06\u88ab \u201c\u5927\u91cf\u96be\u6c11\u201d 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">\u5e03\u83b1\u6069\u00b7\u7a46\u6d1b\u5c3c<\/a>\u7684\r\n<a 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2001 \u5e74 9 \u6708 11 \u65e5\u8d77\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>2001\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u5a01\u80c1\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u540e\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6536\u7d27\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u89c1<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\uff09<\/a>\r\n2002\u5e74\uff0c\u300a<em>\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u96be\u6c11\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u300b<\/em>\uff08IRPA\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u65b0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e861976\u5e74\u7684<em>\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b<\/em>\u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u4f7f\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u96be\u6c11\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8be5<em>\u6cd5\u6848<\/em>\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u4f7f\u6709\u540c\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u540c\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\r\n\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5bf9\u96be\u6c11\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u66f4\u4e25\u5389\u7acb\u573a\u53cd\u6620\u57282009-2010\u5e74\u5bf9\u5f85\u6cf0\u7c73\u5c14\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e87\u62a4\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a \u201c\u865a\u5047\u201d 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5bf9\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u96be\u6c11\u5371\u673a\u7684\u53cd\u5e94<\/a>\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u57282015\u5e74\u81f32017\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fc5\u901f\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u7f6e\u4e86 \r\n 54,000\u540d\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u96be\u6c11\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5927\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u548c\u745e\u5178\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u6350\u6b3e\u663e\u5f97\u82cd\u767d\u65e0\u529b\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u73b0\u4ee3\u79fb\u6c11<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6bcf\u5e74\u63a5\u7eb3\u5927\u91cf\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u4ece2001\u5e74\u52302014\u5e74\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5e74\u7ea6\u670924.95\u4e07\u540d\u767b\u9646\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b9a\u5c45\u30022015\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7271,800\u540d\u79fb\u6c11\u88ab\u63a5\u7eb3\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u57282016\u5e74\u589e\u52a0\u5230296, \r\n 300\u591a\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u57282016\u5e74\u81f32021\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u7565\u8d85\u8fc7130\u4e07\u79fb\u6c11\u30022021\u5e74@@ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u662f\r\n\u6700\u8fd1\u62b5\u8fbe\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6700\u591a\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u7ea6\u670918.6\uff05\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c11.4\uff05\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\uff0c8.9\uff05\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\uff08<em>\u53c2\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">\u5357\u4e9a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba<\/a>\uff1b\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">\u534e\u88d4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a>\u4eba<\/a>\u3002\uff09\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u6765\u81ea\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\r\n\uff084.8\uff05\uff09\u3001\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\uff083\uff05\uff09\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\uff083\uff05\uff09\u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\uff082.7\uff05\uff09\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\uff082\uff05\uff09\u3001\u4f0a\u6717\uff081.9\uff05\uff09\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\uff081.7\uff05\uff09\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>\u53c2\u52a0\u6d4b\u9a8c\uff01<\/strong>\r\n<br>\u53c2\u52a0\u7531\u516c\u6c11\u6311\u6218\u8d5b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d4b\u9a8c<\/a>\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f60\u5bf9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff01\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\r\n\u6311\u6218\u8d5b\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u5c40\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">\u8003\u8bd5<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u9898\u6d4b\u9a8c\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\uff0888.7\uff05\uff09\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u56db\u4e2a\u7701\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">\u5b89\u5927\u7565<\/a>\u7701\uff0844\uff05\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u9b41\u5317\u514b<\/a>\uff0815.3 \r\n \uff05\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a<\/a>\u7701\uff0814.9\uff05\uff09\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">\u827e\u4f2f\u5854<\/a>\uff0814.5\uff05\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u8fd8\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\r\n\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">\u591a\u4f26\u591a<\/a>\uff0829.5\uff05\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14<\/a>\uff0812.2\uff05\uff09\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">\u6e29\u54e5\u534e<\/a>\uff0811.7\uff05\uff09\u3002\u4ec5\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u5c31\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e86\u8fd1\u671f\u79fb\u6c11\u603b\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5b9a\u5c45\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6839\u636e2021\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5883\u5916\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5360\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u53e3\u768423\uff05\uff08830\u4e07\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea1921\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5728\u4e03\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6700\u9ad8\u3002\uff08<em>\u53c2\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u4e03\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u4e2d\u6b27\u3001\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u4e9a\u6d32\u548c\r\n\u4e2d\u4e1c\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\u6b67\u89c6<\/a>\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\r\n\u4ecd\u7136\u666e\u904d\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u6301\u5f00\u653e\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u79fb\u6c11\u5bf9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e2e\u52a9\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9886\u571f\u4e0a\u5efa\u8bbe\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u613f\u671b\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u3002<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"zh","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":13,"created_at":"2024-12-10T14:45:24.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-10T14:45:24.000000Z"},{"id":"9e24168a-8f9e-4dd7-8a96-ebc6444e20df","article_id":"76085","title":"Immigration to Canada 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href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u653f\u7b56\uff1b<em>\u52a0<\/em>\u62ff\u5927\u96e3\u6c11\uff09\u3002<\/a><\/a>\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\r\n\u65bc\u4f54\u9818\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4ed6<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\">\u5011\u7956\u5148<\/a>\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\uff08\u672c\u6587\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5168\u9577\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u95b1\u8b80\u666e\u901a\u8a9e\u8a00\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1\u79fb<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\">\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff08\u666e\u901a\u8a9e\u8a00\u6458\u8981\uff09<\/a>\u3002<\/p>","body":"<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg\" title=\"\u52a0\u5229\u897f\u4e9e\u79fb\u6c11\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5229\u897f\u4e9e\u79fb\u6c11\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f3255eef-1ce7-4d5e-a9b7-052f4e35aad9.jpg\" title=\"\u5bc4\u5f80\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5b64\u5152\" alt=\"\u5bc4\u5f80\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5b64\u5152\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u675c\u79d1\u535a\u5c14\" alt=\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u675c\u79d1\u535a\u5c14\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/49a1a9ee-ad43-4ae2-99b0-fe30c6fa657f.jpg\" title=\"\u79fb\u6c11\" alt=\"\u79fb\u6c11\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5cd144e9-27cc-4e36-bb0d-caadcc3fbe58.jpg\" title=\"\u6700\u5f8c\u8c9d\u65af\u7279\u97cb\u65af\u7279\" alt=\"\u6700\u5f8c\u8c9d\u65af\u7279\u97cb\u65af\u7279\"><\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u79fb\u6c11\u65b0\u6cd5\u570b\uff0816 \u81f3 18 \u4e16\u7d00\uff09<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5728\u6574\u500b 17 \u4e16\u7d00\u548c 18 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">\u9ed1\u4eba\u5fe0\u5be6<\/a>\u8005\u4e5f\u96e2\u958b\u7f8e\u570b\u524d\u5f80\u82f1\u570b\u5317\u7f8e\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7368\u7acb\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u652f\u6301\u82f1\u570b\uff0c\u4f46\r\n\u9ed1\u4eba\u5fe0\u5be6\u8005\u9762\u81e8\u4e86\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u548c\u986f\u8457\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5805\u6301\u5805\u6301\u4e26\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u65b0\u65af\u79d1\u820d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/shelburne\">\u723e\u4f2f\u6069\u548c\u4f2f\u5947<\/a>\u93ae\u7b49\u57ce\u93ae\u3002\r\n\uff08<em>\u53e6\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1<\/em><a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/timber-trade-history\/\">\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u9435\u8def\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c<\/a>\u5b63\u7bc0\r\n\u6027\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\r\n<\/a>\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u8f03\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u5730\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65cf\u88d4\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u52a0\r\n\u62ff\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u93ae\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u611b\u723e\u862d\u793e\u5340\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u897f\u65b9\u79fb\u6c11\uff0819 \u4e16\u7d00\u81f3 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\uff09<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\/\">\u7531\u65bc\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u4f4e\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f9e\u82f1\u5c6c\u7fa4\u5cf6\u79fb\u6c11\u5c0f\u4f46\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u5f8c\u7684\u5373\u6642\u4ee3\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u4eba<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/confederation\/\">\u53e3<\/a>\u904e\u591a\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08\u898b\u4eba\u53e3\uff09\r\n\u3002\r\n<\/a><\/em>\u7531\u65bc\u53ef\u8fb2\u7528\u571f\u5730\u7684\u7a00\u6709\u5ea6\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5287\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u64c1\u6709\u770b\u4f3c\u7121\u9650\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u80a5\u6c83\u571f\u5730\u4f9b\u61c9\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u842c\u7684\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u82f1\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u5de5\u696d\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u6cd5\u570b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5728\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u7684\u5de5\u5ee0\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08\u898b\u6cd5\u88d4\u7f8e<em>\u570b\r\n<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franco-americans\/\">\u4eba\uff09\u3002<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u524d\u5f80 19 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/north-west-rebellion\">\u897f\u5317\u90e8\u53db\u4e82\u3002<\/a>\uff09\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5c0d\r\n\u5c0f\u9ea5\u7b49\u8fb2\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\u6642\uff0c\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u9077\u79fb\u624d\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5c0d\u8fb2\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u786c\u5c0f\u9ea5\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8207\u5a01\u723e\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u00b7\u52de\u91cc\u723e\u653f\u5e9c\u7576\u9078<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sir-wilfrid-laurier\/\">\uff0c\u9019\u653f\u5e9c\u9f13\u52f5\u4e86\u901a\u904e<\/a>\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u79fb\u6c11\u9032\u884c\u897f\u65b9\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\r\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u65b0\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u90e8\u9577\u514b\u5229<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/sir-clifford-sifton\/\">\u798f\u5fb7\u00b7\u897f\u592b\u9813\u7d44\u7e54\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u7406<\/a>\u4e14\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u8a08\u5283\u3002\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u6e96\u5099\u4e86\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\uff09\u63a5\u53d7\u4f86\u81ea\u4e0d\u5217\r\n\u985b\u7fa4\u5cf6\uff0c\u5317\u6b50\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u897f\u592b\u9813\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u8cc7\u6e90\u4ee5\u5916\u958b\u653e\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u9858\u610f\u4e26\u4e0d\u53cd\u6620\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5c0d\u65bc\u8aaa\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5b9a\u7fa9\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5fb9\u5e95\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u559c\u6b61\u4f86\u81ea\u82f1\u5e1d\u570b\u5167\u90e8\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u8aaa\u82f1\u8a9e\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u8207\u6b64\r\n\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u56e0\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u539f\u56e0\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\u5165\u5883<\/a>\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u6216\u7f8e\u570b\u7368\u7acb\u8fb2\u6c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u5b9a\u5c45\u897f\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u53d7\u5230\u5546\u696d\u548c\u9435\u8def\u5229\u76ca\u8feb\u4f7f\u79fb\u6c11\u589e\u52a0\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u7576\u5c40\u5e73\u8861\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u7126\u616e\u8207\u72c2\u71b1\u641c\u7d22\u5b9a\u5c45\u6c11\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0b\u964d\u504f\u597d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hungarians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/poles\/\">\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u8fb2\u696d\u5bb6\u63a5\u8457\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\r\n\u4eba\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u4eba\uff0c\u8377\u862d\u4eba\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/belgians\/\">\u65af\u582a\u7684<\/a>\u7d0d\u7dad\u4e9e\u4eba<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dutch\/\">\uff0c<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/swiss\/\">\u745e<\/a>\u58eb\u4eba\uff0c\u82ac\u862d\u4eba\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u4eba\uff0c\u5967\u5308\u7259\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/finns\/\">\u5229<\/a>\u4eba\uff08\u898b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/russian-canadians\/\">\u5967<\/a>\u5730\u5229\u4eba\uff1b\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u4eba\uff0c\u70cf<em>\u514b\u862d<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/austrians\/\">\u4eba\u548c\u6ce2\u862d<\/a>\u4eba\u3002\r\n \r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/greeks\/\">\u63a5\u8fd1\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u773e\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u540c\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u592a\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\uff0c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eba\uff0c\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u548c\u6558\u5229\u4e9e\u4eba\uff08\u898b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u963f\u62c9<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/arabs\/\">\u4f2f<em>\u4eba\uff09<\/em>\u3002\r\n<\/a><\/a><\/a>\u6700\u5e95\u662f\u7336\u592a\u4eba<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u3001<\/a>\r\n\u4e9e\u6d32\u4eba\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u548c\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\u9ed1\u4eba\u3002<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6e25\u592a\u83ef\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3002\u5982\u679c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-north-america-act\/\"><em>\u9078\u64c7\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u5317\u7f8e\u6cd5<\/em><\/a>\u6848\u4e5f\u4f7f\u9019\u4e9b\u7701\u4efd\r\n\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u65b9\u9762\u767c\u63ee\u8072\u97f3\u3002\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7279\u5225\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4e26\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u9580\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u97ff\u61c9\u82f1\u8a9e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u4e86\u963b\u6b62\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u8f49\uff09\r\n\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u9109\u6751\u9752\u5e74\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u8207\u806f\u90a6\u7576\u5c40\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u4ee3\u7406\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u862d\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u6cd5\u570b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u56de\u5bb6\uff0c\u5b9a\u5c45\u65b0\u4f46\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u8fb2\u5730\u3002\u8a72\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u6210\u529f\u53ea\u6709\u9650\uff0c\r\n\u4f46\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7e7c\u7e8c\u53c3\u8207\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u512a\u5148\u4e8b\u9805\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5118\u7ba1\u653f\u5e9c\u63a1\u53d6\u9810\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u79fb\u6c11\u90fd\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5229\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90\u6216\u8fb2\u696d\u3002\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u611b\u723e\u862d\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u975e\u82f1\u8a9e\u548c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u975e\u65b0\u6559\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u9109\u6751\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u5728\r\n\u57ce\u5e02\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u79fb\u6c11\u53ea\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u66ab\u6642\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6216\u5317\u7f8e\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8a66\u5716\u8cfa\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u9322\u4f86\u5728\u5bb6\u8cfc\u8cb7\u4e00\u584a\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u70ba\u59b9\u59b9\u7c4c\u96c6\u8056\u6bcd\u6216\u511f\u9084\u5bb6\u5ead\u50b5\u52d9\u3002\r\n\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u63a1\u7528\u5317\u7f8e\u6210\u529f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6216\u56e0\u653f\u6cbb\u52d5\u4e82\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7a69\u5b9a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5e36\u8457\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u4f86\u52a0\u5165\u4ed6\u5011\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c70064e3-cf76-4d38-ba7b-69bec14a05be.jpg\" title=\"\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\uff0c\u7d04 1911 \u5e74 \" alt=\"\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\uff0c\u7d04 1911 \u5e74 \">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u4f86\u6e90\u8d8a\u591a\u6a23\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u958b\u59cb\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u99ac\u5176<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/macedonians\/\">\u9813\u4eba\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af<\/a>\u4eba\uff0c\u82ac\u862d\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u3002<\/a>\u9019\u4e9b\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\u9032\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u6eff\u8db3\u5ec9\u50f9\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u6216\u4e00\u7fa4\u6280\u8853\u719f\u7df4\u7684\u5de5\u5320\u9032\u884c\u5de5\u5ee0\u6216\u5efa\u7bc9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5f9e\u4e8b\u63a1\u7926\u6216\u6728\u6750\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u50cf\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5247\u52aa\u529b\u5b8c\u6210\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-pacific-railway\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u9435\u8def\u3002<\/a>\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">\u8499\u7279<\/a>\u5229\u723e\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">\u6eab\u5c3c\u4f2f<\/a>\uff0c\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">\u591a\u502b\u591a<\/a>\uff0c\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hamilton\/\">\u6f22\u5bc6\u723e\u9813<\/a>\u548c\u6eab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">\u54e5\u83ef<\/a>\u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irish\/\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u79fb\u6c11\u9762\u81e8\u8457\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7126\u616e\r\n\u548c\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u7d66\u611b\u723e\u862d\u4eba\u3002<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u4f86\u81ea\u6975\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4f86\u81e8\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u90fd\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u4ee5\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u5bec\u5bb9\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u4f86\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u52de\u52d5\r\n\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u689d\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u6240\u6539\u5584\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u4f5c\u7528 \u2014\u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/street-railways\/\">\u92ea\u8a2d\u96fb\u8eca<\/a>\u8ecc\u9053\uff0c\r\n\u5728\u64f4\u5f35\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/textile-industry\/\">\u7d21\u7e54\u5de5\u5ee0\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e26\u6316<\/a>\u6398\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u6839\u64da\u6c11\u65cf\u6216\u7a2e\u65cf\u754c\u5c0d\u79fb\u6c11\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u79fb\u6c11\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u901a\u904e\u5141\u8a31\u4e00\u4e9b\u79fb\u6c11\u9032\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u50be\u5411\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u5730\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u5be6\u65bd\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u6cbf\u7a2e\u65cf\r\n\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u754c\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e5cbb63e-ac9f-45bc-81e2-bf0eb92ca306.jpg\" title=\"\u4e2d\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u8b49\u660e\" alt=\"\u4e2d\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u8b49\u660e\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u4e2d\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u7279\u5225\u53d7\u5230\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u7a05\u3001\u767b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\/\">\u9678\u7a05\u3001<\/a>\u96d9\u908a\u9650\u5236\u5354\u8b70\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65c5\u884c\u9650\u5236\u7b49\u63aa\u65bd\u5e7e\r\n\u4e4e\u7981\u6b62\u4e2d\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">\u4e2d\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5<\/a>\u3002\uff09\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7576\u5c40\u4e5f\u62d2\u7d55\u5141\u8a31\r\n\u4e2d\u570b\u5973\u79fb\u6c11\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u64d4\u5fc3\u9019\u6703\u9f13\u52f5\u4ed6\u5011\u66ab\u6642\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4f5c\u70ba\u9435\u8def\u6216\u7926\u5c71\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u7537\u6027\u6c38\u4e45\u5b89\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6050\u61fc\uff0c\u5c0d\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u5371\u96aa\u300d\u6703\u5371\u5bb3\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\r\n\u793e\u6703\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1914 \u5e74\uff0c\u8fd1 400 \u540d\u5370\u5ea6\u79fb\u6c11\u8239\u4e0a\u7684\u5c0f\u99ac\u52a0\u5854<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/komagata-maru\/\"><em>\u4e38\u5728\u6eab\u54e5\u83ef\u6e2f\u53e3\u75b2<\/em><\/a>\u5026\uff0c\u800c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7576\u5c40\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\u4ed6\u5011\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\r\n\u662f\u82f1\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u65c5\u5ba2\u537b\u900f\u9732\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c0d\u5357\u4e9e\u79fb\u6c11\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9650\u5236\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u65b0\u6d77\u8ecd\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u884c\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f9e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6c34\u57df\u8b77\u9001\u8239\uff0c\u800c\u8a31\u591a\u6eab\u54e5\u83ef\u5c45\u6c11\u5f9e\u5cb8\u4e0a\u6b61\u547c\r\n\u547c\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u4e58\u5ba2\u5f8c\u4f86\u56de\u5370\u5ea6\u6642\u5c07\u6b7b\u4ea1<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">\u754c\u5927\u6230\u671f\u9593\uff0c<\/a>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7206\u767c\u53cd\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u72c2\u6012\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7570\u6d3e\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u8207\u6575\u65b9\u570b\u5bb6\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\r\n\u8207\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u76df\u570b\u5bb6\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u4e5f\u88ab\u5b9a\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8ecd\u4e8b\u4eba\u529b\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7576\u5c40\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u5916\u570b\u8ecd\u968a\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\uff0c\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/serbs\/\">\u585e\u723e\u7dad\u4e9e\u4eba\uff0c<\/a>\u6ce2\u862d\u4eba\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u7b49\u5718\u9ad4\u88ab\u9f13\u52f5\u8fd4\u56de\u6bcd\u570b\u7684\u8ecd\u968a\uff0c\u6216\u88ab\u62db\u52df\u5230\u4fdd\u7559\u7d66\u5404\u7a2e\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u82f1\u570b\u8ecd\u968a\r\n\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-army\">\u6c92\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u8ecd\u968a\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u7336\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u99ac\u5176\u9813\u4eba\u548c\u70cf\u514b\u862d\u4eba\u90fd\u5fd7\u9858\u53c3\u52a0\u52a0\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9678\u8ecd\u3002<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1910\u201411 \u5e74\uff0c\u50b3\u805e\u50b3\u64ad\u7a31\u4e00\u7fa4\u9ed1\u4eba\u6b63\u6e96\u5099\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u4e9e\u4f2f\u9054\u7701\u4e2d\u90e8\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab\u5974\u5f79\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5f8c\u88d4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u88ab\u9a45\u9010\u51fa\u4fc4\u514b\u62c9\u8377\u99ac\u9818\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u4ed6\u5011\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u4e26\u5e0c\r\n\u671b\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u963f\u723e\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u7684\u516c\u773e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u56de\u61c9\u662f\u7acb\u5373\u4e14\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u3002\u806f\u90a6\u7576\u5c40\u555f\u52d5\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u8a08\u5283\u3002\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d<em>\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55<\/em>\u5167\u5bb9\u7279\u5225\u7981\u6b62\u9ed1\u4eba\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u64da\u8a72\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u689d\u6587\uff0c\r\n\u4efb\u4f55\u79fb\u6c11\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u5065\u5eb7\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u9032\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u53ea\u6307\u793a\u79fb\u6c11\u6aa2\u67e5\u54e1\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u6cbf\u7f8e\u570b\u908a\u5883\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u52a9\u7406\u62d2\u7d55\u6240\u6709\u9ed1\u4eba\u56e0\u91ab\u7642\u7406\u7531\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u5165\u5883\u3002\r\n\u6c92\u6709\u4e0a\u8a34\u9ed1\u4eba\u88ab\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u901a\u904e\u8003\u616e\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6d6a\u8cbb\u6642\u9593\u548c\u91d1\u9322\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u898b\u4e00\u4e5d\u5341\u4e00\u81f3<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/deemed-unsuitable-black-pioneers-in-western-canada-feature\">\u4e00\u4e09\u56db\u5e74\u5ea6\u8b70\u6703\u8b70\u4e2d\u8a02\u55ae\u3002\uff09<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u5927\u7d93\u6fdf\u8870\u9000\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u7d93\u6fdf\u5d29<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/great-depression\/\">\u6f70\uff0c\u653f<\/a>\u5e9c\u5c0d\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u786c\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u7576\u5c40\u8f49\u5411\u7a4d\u6975\r\n\u9632\u6b62\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\u5230 1933 \u5e74\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7d71\u6cbb\u5fb7\u570b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u70ba\u7121\u7f6a\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bb6\u5712\uff0c\u6578\u767e\u842c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5c0d\u624b\u548c\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6d3b\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u8a31\u591a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5c0d\u96e3\u6c11\u5c0d\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u96e3<\/a>\u6c11\u611f\u5230\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7f3a\u4e4f\u653f\u5e9c\u63f4\u52a9\u800c\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u806f\u90a6\u5167\u95a3\u3001\u8a31\u591a\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u968a\r\n\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\uff09\u5c0d\u63a5\u53d7\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u96e3\u6c11\u9003\u96e2\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u58d3\u529b\u800c\u611f\u5230\u64d4\u6182\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u96e3\u6c11\u80fd\u5920\u7e5e\u904e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u9650\u5236\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u898b<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">\u8056\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5973\u58eb<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u89e3\u9664\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u969c\u7919<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>1945 \u5e74\u6230\u722d\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u898f\u8207\u6230\u524d\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5e7e\u5e74\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u8b8a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u9084\u4e0d\u4e45\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u53d7\u6230\u5f8c\u7d93\u6fdf\u84ec\u52c3\u3001\u5c31\u696d\u5e02\u5834\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u52de\u52d5\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u9a45\u52d5\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\r\n\u91cd\u958b\u4e86\u6b50\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5927\u9580\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u897f\u6b50\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6700\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u897f\u6b50\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7d42\u4e5f\u662f\u6b50\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u51b7\u6230\u7684\u767c\u751f\uff0c\r\n\u5f9e\u6771\u6b50\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u3002\u8607\u806f\u548c\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u95dc\u9589\u4e86\u897f\u908a\u754c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u79fb\u6c11\u5f9e\u5357\u6b50\u9032\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u5e0c\u81d8\u548c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg\" title=\"\u8377\u862d\u79fb\u6c11\u62b5\u9054\u9b41\u5317\u514b\" alt=\"\u8377\u862d\u79fb\u6c11\u62b5\u9054\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8207\u524d\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6230\u5f8c\u79fb\u6c11\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u6d41\u5411\u8fb2\u696d\u6216\u8fb2\u6751\u8cc7\u6e90\u63a1\u7926\u7522\u696d\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5f9e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4e2d\u812b\u7a4e\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6230\u5f8c\u79fb\u6c11\u5f88\r\n\u5feb\u5c31\u5728\u88fd\u9020\u548c\u5efa\u7bc9\u9818\u57df\u586b\u88dc\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5e6b\u52a9\u64f4\u5c55\u57ce\u5e02\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6559\u80b2\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff09\u6eff\u8db3\u5c0d\u53d7\u8a13\u7df4\u548c\u719f\u7df4\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5728\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u5927\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u806f\u90a6\u548c\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u5730\u56e0\u70ba\u65e9\u4e00\u4ee3\u79fb<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/human-rights\/\">\u6c11\u548c\u4ed6\u5011<\/a>\r\n\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5011\u5c0d\u4eba\u6b0a\u6539\u9769\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u8e8d\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u878d\u5165\u826f\u597d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u4e8b\u696d\u72a7\u7272\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6230\u5f8c\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\r\n\u62d2\u7d55\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u5e6b\u52a9\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u4e8c\u7d1a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u53d7\u5230\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6279\u8a55\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u4e26\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u6b0a\u6539\u9769\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8feb\u4f7f\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5b9a\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u7981\r\n\u6b62\u56e0\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u8d77\u6e90\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c31\u696d\u3001\u4f4f\u5bbf\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5728\u570b\u5167\u7981\u6b62\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u9010\u6b65\u6d88\u9664\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6216\r\n\u65cf\u88d4\u969c\u7919\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5230 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u958b\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u5df2\u5f9e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u4f8b\u548c\u6cd5\u898f\u4e2d\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u4ee5\u524d\u56e0\u7a2e\u65cf\u6216\u7a2e\u65cf\u800c\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u70ba\u300c\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u300d\u7684\u4eba\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\r\n\u7684\u5927\u9580\u30021971 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u6b50\u6d32\u88d4\u3002\u5f9e\u90a3\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u5165\u5883\u9ede\u7cfb\u7d71<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4efb\u4f55\u5e0c\u671b\u9032\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u57fa\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u6216\u570b\u7c4d\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5df2\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u4f86\u78ba\u5b9a\u8ab0\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5165\u5883\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u548c\u8ab0\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\r\n\u5728 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7a4d\u5206\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u70ba\u7533\u8acb\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u8a2d\u7f6e\u57fa\u65bc\u6210\u7e3e\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u8a72\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6bcf\u4f4d\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u6839\u64da\u5e74\u9f61\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u82f1\u8a9e\u6216\u6cd5\u8a9e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u8a72\u7279\u5b9a\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u7372\u5f97\u5206\u6578\u3002\u5982\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u8eab\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\u53ca\u54c1\u683c\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7372\u5f97\u8db3\u5920\u5206\u6578\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\r\n\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u8207\u914d\u5076\u548c\u53d7\u990a\u5b50\u5973\u4e00\u8d77\u7372\u51c6\u5165\u5b78\u3002\u5f97\u5206\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u5165\u5834\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5df2\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u512a\u5148\u63a5\u7d0d\u7368\u7acb\u3001\u719f\u7df4\u4e14\u53ef\u7acb\r\n\u5373\u5c31\u696d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u7acb\u65bc\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u65b0\u4f86\u6e2f\u4eba\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u571f\u5730\u79fb\u6c11\u300d\uff09\u90fd\u7372\u5f97\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7279\u5225<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">\u662f\u6295\u7968\u6b0a\u5916<\/a>\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c45\r\n\u4f4f\u904e\u6307\u5b9a\u5e74\u6578\uff08\u76ee\u524d\u4e94\u5e74\u4e2d\u6709\u4e09\u5e74\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u9678\u5730\u79fb\u6c11\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7533\u8acb\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u516c\u6c11\uff09\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7533\u8acb\u8d0a\u52a9\u89aa\u5bc6\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\r\n\u54e1\u9032\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5426\u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u6cd5\u6eff\u8db3\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5165\u5883\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u8d0a\u52a9\u5546\u5fc5\u9808\u540c\u610f\u78ba\u4fdd\u4efb\u4f55\u88ab\u5e36\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4eba\r\n\u7684\u8d0a\u52a9\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u5165\u5883\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u7fa4\u3002(\u8acb<em>\u53c3\u95b1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u7d71\u4e00\u3002<\/a>)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>1945 \u5e74\u5f8c\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u79fb\u6c11<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7d50<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u675f\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c<\/a>\u96e3\u6c11\u548c\u88ab\u6230\u722d\u548c\u66b4\u529b\u9a45\u9010\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u6230\u5f8c\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u77ed\u7f3a\r\n\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u63a5\u7d0d\u4e86\u6578\u5343\u842c\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\u4eba\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u56e0\u6230\u722d\u800c\u7121\u5bb6\u53ef\u6b78\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6230\u722d\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u570b\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u62d2\u7d55\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\r\n\u6709\u7336\u592a\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u5016\u5b58\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u793e\u5340\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\u4eba\u62d2\u7d55\u56de\u6b78\u8607\u806f\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u5c45\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u4ed6\u5011\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5728 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u548c 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e5f\u5c0d\u4f86\u81ea\u7368\u88c1\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u96e3\u6c11\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u5728 1956 \u5e74\u5308\u7259\u5229\u8d77\u7fa9\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca 1968 \u5e74\u8607\u806f\u5728\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\r\n\u9769\u58d3\u5236\u5f8c\uff0c\u96e3\u6c11\u5411\u897f\u9003\u8d70\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u901a\u904e\u53d6\u6d88\u5176\u6b63\u5e38\u79fb\u6c11\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f86\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u4f86\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u518d\u6b21\u70ba\r\n\u70cf\u5e72\u9054\u3001\u667a\u5229\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7279\u5225\u6d25\u8cbc\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1\u62c9<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/latin-americans\/\">\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32<\/a>\u4eba\u3002\uff09\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u96e3\u6c11\u90fd\u88ab\u63a5\u7d0d\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u898f\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\r\n\u9075\u5faa\u6240\u6709\u5e38\u898f\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1978 \u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u901a\u904e\u65b0\u7684<em>\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5<\/em>\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u78ba\u8a8d\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c0d\u53d7\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u5c45\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u516c\u6c11\u570b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u8feb\u5bb3\u6709\u6839\u64da\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u3002\r\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u96e3\u6c11\u5c07\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u63a5\u7d0d\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u898f\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u96e3\u6c11\u63a5\u53d7\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u6cd5\u898f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f46\u96e3\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u96e3\u4ee5\r\n\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u96e3\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3b47f09e-bb20-4b8e-9374-7f1ac6c7451f.jpg\" title=\"\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u8d8a\u5357\u96e3\u6c11\" alt=\"\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u8d8a\u5357\u96e3\u6c11\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u9019\u9805\u65b0\u6cd5\u4f8b\u4e0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u5927\u96e3\u6c11\u91cd\u5b9a\u8a08\u5283\u662f\u5728 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9818\u5148\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u63a5\u5f85\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u96e3\u6c11\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f86\u81ea<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">\u8d8a<\/a>\u5357\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\uff0c\u901a\r\n\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u8239\u6c11\u300d\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u8239\u6c11\u662f\u5f9e\u5c0f\u8239\u9003\u96e2\u8d8a\u5357\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u9078\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u62d8\u7559\u5728\u6cf0\u570b\u6216\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u71df\u7b49\u5f85\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6240\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1\r\n<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-boat-people-refugee-crisis\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c0d\u300c\u8239\u6c11\u300d\u96e3\u6c11\u5371\u6a5f\u7684\u53cd<\/a>\u61c9\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u5c0b\u6c42\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u4eba\u4e26\u975e\u7531\u79fb\u6c11\u5b98\u54e1\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7533\u8acb\u96e3\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u5c0b\u6c42\u5e87\u8b77\u8005\u300d\u6709\u6642\u5728\u5f9e\u6771\u6b50\u548c\u53e4\u5df4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u822a\u73ed\u4e0b\u6a5f\u5f8c\u62b5\u9054\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u822a\u73ed\u964d\u843d\u5728\r\n\u7d10\u82ac\u862d\u7518\u5fb7\u7684\u52a0\u6cb9\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e2d\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8a66\u5716\u9003\u96e2\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u4e2d\u6771\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u6b21\u5927\u9678\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u6230\u722d\u548c\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u6050\u61fc\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c0b\u627e\u907f\u96e3\u6240\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u62b5\u9054\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5c0b\u6c42\u5e87\u8b77\u8005\u5fc5\r\n\u9808\u5411\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b98\u54e1\u8b49\u660e\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7956\u570b\u53d7\u5230\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7372\u5f97\u96e3\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff1b\u5426\u5247\uff0c\u7533\u7d22\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u9a45\u9010\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>20 \u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u671f\u79fb\u6c11<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e26\u7533\u8acb\u96e3\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4eba<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\/\">\u6578<\/a>\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f88\u96e3\u8fc5\u901f\u8655\u7406\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u3002\u96e3\u6c11\r\n\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53d7\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u666e\u904d\u6b61\u8fce\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u8a31\u591a\u96e3\u6c11\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0b\u6c42\u89e3\u6c7a\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u898f\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5728 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u96e3\u6c11\u554f\u984c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\uff0c\u7576\u5169\u8258\u8239\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6771\u6d77\u5cb8\u975e\u6cd5\u7d81\u67b6\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u932b\u514b\u4eba\uff08<em>\u898b<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sikhism\/\">\u932b\u514b\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff09\u548c\u6cf0\u7c73\u723e<\/a>\u96e3\u6c11\u7533\u8acb\r\n\u4eba\u7684\u8ca8\u7269\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5373\u5c07\u88ab\u96e3\u6c11\u300c\u5145\u6eff\u300d\u7684\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u570b\u6703\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u7576\u5c40\u958b\u59cb\u52a0\u5f37\u96e3\u6c11\u6cd5\u898f\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u96e3\u6c11\u78ba\r\n\u5b9a\u6d41\u7a0b\u6301\u7e8c\u7c21\u5316\u6216\u52a0\u5f37\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7576\u5c40\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u904b\u8f38\u516c\u53f8\u5bc6\u5207\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u96e3\u6c11\u7533\u8acb\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u66f4\u96e3\u5230\r\n\u9054\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u9019\u4e9b\u6539\u8b8a\u610f\u5473\u8457\u67d0\u4e9b\u5408\u6cd5\u96e3\u6c11\u73fe\u5728\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u6839\u64da\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u5e87\u8b77\u6240\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5728 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6b63\u5728\u5c0b\u6c42\u963b\u6b62\u6f5b\u5728\u96e3\u6c11\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u5165\u5883\uff0c\u4e5f\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u5c31\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u6216\u5927\u91cf\u8ca1\u52d9\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u79fb\u6c11\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u5f9e\u5e03\u840a\u6069\u00b7\u7a46\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\/\">\u7f85\u5c3c\u4fdd\u5b88<\/a>\u653f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/brian-mulroney\/\">\u5e9c\u671f\u9593\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u90a3<\/a>\u4e9b\u64c1\u6709\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6295\u8cc7\u548c\u958b\u5c55\u696d\u52d9\u6240\u9700\r\n\u7684\u8cc7\u91d1\u6216\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u9080\u8acb\u7533\u8acb\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u5c07\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5275\u9020\u5c31\u696d\u548c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f01\u696d\u5bb6\u6216\u5546\u696d\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u5927\u5e45\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u6240\u6709\u9032\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7684 6%\u3002\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4f01\u696d\u5bb6\u7d1a\u79fb\u6c11\u4f86\u81ea\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e03\u5e74\u63a5\u7ba1\u9999\u6e2f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\r\n\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0b\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u8cc7\u7522\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6e2f\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u56de\u61c9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u9080\u8acb\u548c\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u6295\u8cc7\u6a5f\u6703\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6210\u70ba\u9999\u6e2f\u548c\r\n\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u4ee5\u53ca\u8cc7\u672c\u98db\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u5728 1981 \u5e74\u81f3 1983 \u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e2d\u6295\u8cc7\u4e86 110 \u5104\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u6eab\u54e5\u83ef\u548c\u591a\u502b\u591a\u7b49\r\n\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u5340\u5c24\u70ba\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u5340\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u9ad4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4f01\u696d\u5bb6\u7d1a\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u82f1\u8a9e\u6216\u6cd5\u8a9e\uff0c\u9019\u4fc3\u4f7f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u4f86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\r\n\u7684\u4eba\u5236\u5b9a\u66f4\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u4f86\u81ea\u975e\u6d32\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u81ea\u5357\u975e\uff0c\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff0c\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9e\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff0c\u52a0\u7d0d\uff0c\u70cf\u5e72\u9054\u548c\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9e\uff09\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u5728 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u548c 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u4eba\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5b78\u8853\u8cc7\u683c\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5c0b\u6c42\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\r\n\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u9003\u96e2\u539f\u7522\u570b\u6230\u722d\u3001\u98e2\u8352\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u96a8\u8457 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u653e\u7de9\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u91cd\u65b0\u6210\u70ba\u516c\u773e\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u9451\u65bc\u79fb\u6c11\u5c0d\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u8a31\u591a\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u51fa\r\n\u751f\u7387\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u4f4e\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u8001\u5316\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u6c11\u5e36\u4f86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u548c\u8cfc\u8cb7\u529b\u7684\u6ce8\u5165\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u61f7\u7591\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u975e\u6b50\u6d32\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u4f54\u9032\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5c0d\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u6027\u683c\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u88d4\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u504f\u898b\u5f80\u5f80\r\n\u5f80\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u88ab\u653e\u5927\u4e26\u50b7\u5bb3\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u516c\u773e\u8faf\u8ad6\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6c11\u9593\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u6cd5\u570b\u548c\u5fb7\u570b\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u81ea 2001 \u5e74 9 \u6708 11 \u65e5\u8d77\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u7531\u65bc 2001 \u5e74 9 \u6708 11 \u65e5\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u6050\u6016\u5a01\u8105\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u554f\u984c\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5df2\u52a0\u5f37\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\">9\/11 \u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a>\u3002\uff09\r\n2002 \u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u79fb<em>\u6c11\u548c\u96e3\u6c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u6cd5<\/em>\u300b\uff08IRPA\uff09\u901a\u904e\u3002\u65b0\u6cd5\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86 1976 \u5e74\u7684<em>\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5<\/em>\u3002\u9019\u986f\u8457\u4f7f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u96e3\u6c11\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8a72<em>\u6cd5\u6848<\/em>\u78ba\u5be6\u4f7f\u666e\u901a\r\n\u6cd5\u6216\u540c\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9032\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c0d\u96e3\u6c11\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u56b4\u683c\u7acb\u5834\u53cd\u6620\u5728 2009 \u81f3 2010 \u5e74\u7684\u5c0d\u5f85\u6cf0\u7c73\u723e\u8a9e\u5e87\u8b77\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u865b\u5047\u300d\u96e3\u6c11\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u96e3\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u4ecd\u88ab\u76e3\u7981\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c0b\u6c42\u4fdd\r\n\u8b77\u7684\u5c0b\u6c42\u5e87\u8b77\u8005\u9032\u884c\u975e\u6cd5\u7a7f\u8d8a\u7f8e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u908a\u5883\u3002(<em>\u53e6\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1\u52a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">\u62ff\u5927-\u7f8e\u570b\u5b89\u5168\u7b2c\u4e09\u570b\u5354\u8b70\u3002<\/a>)\r\n\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u7533\u8acb\u5e87\u8b77\u662f\u570b\u969b\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u614b\u5ea6\u8207\u52a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">\u62ff\u5927\u5c0d\u6558\u5229\u4e9e\u96e3\u6c11\u5371\u6a5f\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd<\/a>\u3002\u5728 2015 \u5e74\u81f3 2017 \u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fc5\u901f\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u7f6e\u4e86 \r\n 54,000 \u540d\u6558\u5229\u4e9e\u96e3\u6c11\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u5927\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u4f46\u8207\u5fb7\u570b\uff0c\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\uff0c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u548c\u745e\u5178\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u537b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u73fe\u4ee3\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6bcf\u5e74\u63a5\u53d7\u5927\u91cf\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5728 2001 \u5e74\u81f3 2014 \u5e74\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5e74\u7d04\u6709 249,500 \u540d\u9678\u5730\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\u4e8c\u96f6\u4e00\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u8d85\u904e 271,800 \u540d\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c\u96f6\u4e00\u516d\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u589e\u81f3\u8d85\u904e 296,300 \u4eba\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5728 2016 \u5e74\u81f3 2021 \u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u63a5\u5f85\u4e86\u8d85\u904e 130 \u842c\u79fb\u6c11\u30022021 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u5e74<\/a>\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u6578\u64da\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\r\n\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u62b5\u9054\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u7d04 18.6% \u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c11.4% \u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u548c 8.9% \u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u51fa\u751f\u3002\uff08<em>\u898b<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/south-asians\">\u5357\u4e9e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\uff1b\u83f2\u5f8b\r\n\u8cd3<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/filipinos\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\uff1b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\">\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u3002\uff09<\/a>\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4f86\u81ea\u6558\r\n\u5229\u4e9e\uff084.8%\uff09\u3001\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9e\uff083%\uff09\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\uff083%\uff09\u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\uff082.7%\uff09\u3001\u6cd5\u570b\uff082%\uff09\u3001\u4f0a\u6717\uff081.9\uff05\uff09\u548c\u82f1\u570b\uff081.7\uff05\uff09\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>\u53c3\u52a0\u6e2c\u9a57\uff01<\/strong>\r\n<br>\u901a\u904e\u53c3\u52a0\u516c\u6c11\u6311\u6230\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6e2c\u9a57\u4f86<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-multiculturalism-in-canada\">\u6e2c\u8a66\u60a8\u5c0d\u52a0<\/a>\u62ff\u5927\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff01\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u7684\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\r\n\u6311\u6230\u9080\u8acb\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u53c3\u52a0\u6a21\u64ec\u516c\u6c11\u8003\u8a66\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u984c\u6e2c\u9a57<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/quiz\/cc-quiz-citizenship\">\u4f86<\/a>\u6e2c\u8a66\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u77e5\u8b58\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u65b0\u5165\u5883\u8005\uff0888.7%\uff09\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u56db\u500b\u7701\u4efd\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\">\u5b89\u5927\u7565<\/a>\u7701\uff0844%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u9b41\u5317\u514b<\/a>\uff0815. \r\n 3%\uff09\u3001\u4e0d\u5217<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\">\u985b\u54e5<\/a>\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u7701\uff0814.9%\uff09\u548c\u963f\u723e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\">\u4f2f<\/a>\u5854\u7701\uff0814.5%\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u4e5f\u4f4f\u5728\r\n\u9019\u4e9b\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\">\u591a\u502b\u591a<\/a>\uff0829.5%\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\">\u8499\u7279<\/a>\u5229\u723e\uff0812.2%\uff09\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\">\u6eab\u54e5\u83ef\uff08<\/a>11.7%\uff09\u3002\u50c5\u50c5\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u57ce\u5e02\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd1\u671f\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u79fb\u6c11\u5b9a\u5c45\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u5df2\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6839\u64da 2021 \u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u4f54\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u53e3\u7684 23\uff05\uff088.3 \u842c\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u81ea 1921 \u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\u6b77\u53f2\u65b0\u9ad8\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5728 G7 \u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6700\u9ad8\u3002(\u8acb<em>\u53c3\u95b1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c G7\u3002<\/a>)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u73fe\u4ee3\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u8a31\u591a\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u5f9e\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6cd5\u570b\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u4f86\u81ea\u82f1\u570b\uff0c\u4e2d\u6b50\uff0c\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u6d77\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u65b0\u4f86\u4eba\uff0c\u5230\u4f86\u81ea\u4e9e\u6d32\u548c\u4e2d\r\n\u6771\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u6b67\u8996\u6240<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">\u5e36\u4f86\u7684<\/a>\u6311<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\u6230\u4ecd\u7136<\/a>\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\r\n\u6703\u4e00\u822c\u4ecd\u7136\u5c0d\u79fb\u6c11\u958b\u653e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u79fb\u6c11\u5c0d\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e6b\u52a9\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u571f\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7684\u9858\u671b\u662f\u7121\u53ef\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u3002<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"zh-TW","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-02-05T17:59:01.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-02-05T17:59:01.000000Z"}]},{"id":"79580","author_text":"Irving Abella; Revised By Petra Molnar, 2016","revisor":"Celine Cooper; Clayton Ma","major_update":null,"trigger_warning":0,"views":0,"shares":0,"type":"article","itunes_songs":"","indigo":"","itunes_title_en":"","itunes_title_fr":"","indigo_title_en":"","indigo_title_fr":"","status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2020-10-26T21:22:02.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Canada","slug":"refugies","alt_slug":"","summary":"<p>Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont des migrants qui ont fui leur pays d\u2019origine pour \u00e9chapper \u00e0 des pers\u00e9cutions ou \u00e0 un danger et qui ont trouv\u00e9 asile dans un autre pays. Le Canada est depuis longtemps une terre d\u2019accueil pour des migrants du monde entier \u00e0 la recherche\r\n\td\u2019un refuge. Cependant, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">politiques d\u2019immigration<\/a> discriminatoires ont aussi emp\u00each\u00e9 certains demandeurs d\u2019asile ayant besoin de protection d\u2019entrer au Canada (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies\">Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>).<\/p>","body":"<p><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/1a24d8b0-121d-48c7-b40d-277ea85b14b6.jpg\" title=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1984\" alt=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1984\"><\/p>\r\n<div>\r\n\t<figcaption>Une femme et son b\u00e9b\u00e9 au camp de Chi Ma Wan, Hong Kong.\r\n\t\t<br>\u00a9 UNHCR\/L.Solmssen<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Concepts cl\u00e9s sur la migration et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Migrant <\/strong>\u2013 Au sens large, les migrants sont des ressortissants \u00e9trangers ou des personnes n\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger qui vivent dans un pays autre que leur pays d\u2019origine. On peut d\u00e9finir un migrant comme une personne qui se d\u00e9place d\u2019un endroit\r\n\t\u00e0 un autre, notamment en franchissant les fronti\u00e8res internationales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Demandeur d\u2019asile <\/strong>\u2013 Les demandeurs d\u2019asile sont des migrants qui recherchent une protection hors de leur pays d\u2019origine. Toutefois, contrairement aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les demandes de protection des demandeurs d\u2019asile ne sont pas encore approuv\u00e9es.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>R\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u2013 <\/strong>Le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (UNHCR) d\u00e9finit un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 comme une personne qui a fui un conflit ou des pers\u00e9cutions pour obtenir une protection dans un autre pays. En tant que tels, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont\r\n\tg\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des demandeurs d\u2019asile ayant re\u00e7u le droit d\u2019asile dans un autre pays (statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La Convention relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de 1951 d\u00e9finit un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 comme une personne qui \u00abcraignant avec raison d\u2019\u00eatre pers\u00e9cut\u00e9e du fait de sa race, de sa religion, de sa nationalit\u00e9, de son appartenance \u00e0 un certain groupe social ou de ses opinions\r\n\tpolitiques, se trouve hors du pays dont elle a la nationalit\u00e9 et qui ne peut ou, du fait de cette crainte, ne veut se r\u00e9clamer de la protection de ce pays\u00bb.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Du 16<sup>e<\/sup> au 19<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle: premi\u00e8res cohortes de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada est une nation de migrants colons. Ces migrants incluent les colonisateurs originaux du pays. Ceux-ci commencent \u00e0 arriver d\u2019Europe au 15<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle. Graduellement, ils s\u2019approprient les terres autochtones. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des colonies,\r\n\tla premi\u00e8re cohorte importante d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\/\">immigrants<\/a> arrive au Canada pendant et apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/american-revolution\/\">R\u00e9volution am\u00e9ricaine<\/a>(1775-1783).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/loyalists\/\">loyalistes<\/a> de l\u2019Empire Uni et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">loyalistes noirs<\/a> font partie des\r\n\tpremiers contingents de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s arriv\u00e9s au Canada. Les loyalistes et les loyalistes noirs ont pris parti ou ont combattu pour les Britanniques durant la R\u00e9volution am\u00e9ricaine. Apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9faite de l\u2019Angleterre, certains fuient au Canada de crainte d\u2019\u00eatre\r\n\tpers\u00e9cut\u00e9s en raison de leurs all\u00e9geances politiques. Parmi les loyalistes, on retrouve des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quakers\/\">Quakers<\/a>, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/mennonites\">mennonites<\/a>\tet d\u2019autres groupes non conformistes qui craignent d\u2019\u00eatre pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le nouveau gouvernement am\u00e9ricain.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/dc264d6d-7df5-4bbb-a9b4-728f34d7ad7f.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Apr\u00e8s la guerre de 1812, plus de 500 noirs s'install\u00e8rent \u00e0 Hammonds Plains. Ce tableau montre une famille noire vivant le long de Hammonds Plains Road, le Bedford Basin est \u00e0 l'arri\u00e8re-plan (aquarelle de Robert Petley, 1835; avec la permission de\r\n\t\t\t\tBiblioth\u00e8que et Archives Canada\/C-115424).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/ee6791f8-0e4e-40a0-b993-ad09823228ad.jpg\" title=\"Richard Pierpoint\" alt=\"Richard Pierpoint\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Image: Malcolm Jones\/Canadian War Museum\/1.E.2.4-CGR2.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/9bba649e-f07c-410c-bca1-4df7455a9312.jpg\" title=\"Peter Verigin, chef religieux \" alt=\"Peter Verigin, chef religieux \">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>La personnalit\u00e9 forte et originale de Verigin a permis aux Doukhobors de surmonter leurs difficult\u00e9s au cours des premi\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies qu'ils ont pass\u00e9es au Canada (avec la permission des Biblioth\u00e8que et Archives Canada\/C-8882, photo 1902).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"Les Doukhobors russes\" alt=\"Les Doukhobors russes\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Les immigrants russes doukhobors sur un bateau en route pour le Canada, 1898 (Biblioth\u00e8que et Archives Canada\/ C-5208).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\">Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/a><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">Suivant<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Avant 1860, des milliers de Noirs asservis fugitifs fuient les \u00c9tats-Unis pour se r\u00e9fugier au Canada. Pour ceux qui fuient l\u2019asservissement, le Canada est vu comme la destination finale du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/underground-railroad\/\">chemin de fer clandestin<\/a>.\r\n\tPendant cette p\u00e9riode, on estime \u00e0 30 000 le nombre d\u2019Afro-Am\u00e9ricains qui arrivent au Canada pour obtenir une protection.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Deux groupes de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les mennonites et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/doukhobors\/\">doukhobors<\/a>, arrivent de Russie \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1890 et au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1900. Ces deux groupes sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s dans la Russie\r\n\ttsariste. Le gouvernement canadien recherche d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment des cultivateurs pour coloniser l\u2019Ouest, et installe ces groupes principalement dans les provinces des Prairies.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>19<sup>e<\/sup> et 20<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cles&nbsp;: Politiques d\u2019exclusion des migrants au Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Les migrants n\u2019ont pas toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi bien accueillis dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne. Au cours des 19<sup>e<\/sup> et 20<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cles, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">politiques d\u2019immigration<\/a>\tsont souvent restrictives en mati\u00e8re de race et d\u2019origine ethnique (<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies\">Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>). Ces politiques de discrimination\r\n\traciale sont utilis\u00e9es pour refuser l\u2019asile \u00e0 beaucoup de migrants. En particulier, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">migrants chinois<\/a> au Canada sont vis\u00e9s par des politiques d\u2019immigration racistes.\r\n\tBeaucoup de migrants quittent la Chine dans la foul\u00e9e des perturbations politiques et socio-\u00e9conomiques entra\u00een\u00e9es par les interventions des puissances imp\u00e9rialistes occidentales. Toutefois, les migrants chinois sont per\u00e7us comme une menace par des politiciens\r\n\tcanadiens, qui mettent en place des restrictions racistes \u00e0 l\u2019immigration chinoise. En 1885, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\">taxe d\u2019entr\u00e9e impos\u00e9e aux immigrants chinois<\/a> est cr\u00e9\u00e9e, une taxe\r\n\tco\u00fbteuse visant exclusivement les immigrants chinois entrant au Canada. En 1924, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\"><em>Loi de l\u2019immigration chinoise<\/em><\/a> est adopt\u00e9e, rendant l\u2019immigration chinoise\r\n\tpratiquement ill\u00e9gale, sauf dans quelques cas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es 1930, alors que les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Juifs<\/a> d\u2019Allemagne cherchent un refuge pour \u00e9chapper aux pers\u00e9cutions des nazis, le gouvernement du Canada se montre peu r\u00e9ceptif. En\r\n\t1939, des centaines de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s juifs \u00e0 bord du vaisseau <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ms-st-louis\/\">MS <em>St.Louis<\/em><\/a> se voient refuser l\u2019acc\u00e8s et doivent retourner en Europe. Beaucoup des passagers seront par la\r\n\tsuite pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s et tu\u00e9s en Europe, occup\u00e9e par les nazis. L\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/anti-semitism\/\">antis\u00e9mitisme<\/a> se propage au Canada et l\u2019opinion publique se montre peu favorable \u00e0 l\u2019admission des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Finalement,\r\n\tle Canada accepte \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s 4000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s juifs d\u2019Europe, mais ce nombre reste tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9 comparativement \u00e0 d\u2019autres pays. Les \u00c9tats-Unis en accueillent 240 000, l\u2019Angleterre 85 000, la Chine 25 000 et le Mexique et la Colombie, \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s 40 000 ensemble.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cette attitude d\u2019exclusion persiste jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale, alors que l\u2019Europe conna\u00eet sa plus importante s\u00e9rie de mouvements de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Le Canada devient alors beaucoup plus r\u00e9ceptif aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, en grande partie en raison de\r\n\tla croissance de son \u00e9conomie et de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019accro\u00eetre son bassin de main d\u2019\u0153uvre. Des centaines de milliers de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es arrivent au Canada, souvent avec l\u2019appui financier du gouvernement canadien pour payer leur voyage. Le Canada commence\r\n\taussi \u00e0 jouer un r\u00f4le de plus en plus actif aupr\u00e8s du Haut Commissariat des Nations unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en accueillant des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Fin du 20<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle&nbsp;: les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la Guerre froide<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada \u00e9tablit sa r\u00e9putation d\u2019ouverture aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pendant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/cold-war\">Guerre froide<\/a>. \u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1960, le gouvernement canadien s\u2019\u00e9loigne graduellement des politiques d\u2019immigration\r\n\tfond\u00e9es sur la discrimination raciale. En 1969, le Canada signe aussi la Convention de 1951 relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ainsi que son Protocole de 1967, qui r\u00e9git le droit international en mati\u00e8re de droits des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1956, quelques mois apr\u00e8s le soul\u00e8vement contre l\u2019occupation sovi\u00e9tique en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/hungarians\/\">Hongrie<\/a>, le gouvernement canadien succombe \u00e0 la pression de l\u2019opinion publique, principalement des\r\n\tgroupes ethniques et religieux, et annonce qu\u2019il recevra un grand nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s hongrois. Plus de 37 500 d\u2019entre eux arrivent au Canada. Cet accueil, au moment o\u00f9 s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8vent les tensions de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/cold-war\/\">Guerre froide<\/a>,\r\n\tdonne au bloc de l\u2019Ouest une occasion de critiquer l\u2019invasion de la Hongrie par l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique et ses alli\u00e9s. En 1968, suite \u00e0 l\u2019invasion sovi\u00e9tique de la Tch\u00e9coslovaquie pendant le Printemps de Prague, quelque 11 000 Tch\u00e8ques sont re\u00e7us au Canada.\r\n\tEn 1972, Le Canada accepte aussi 7000 Sud-Asiatiques de l\u2019Ouganda fuyant la r\u00e9pression du r\u00e9gime autoritaire d\u2019Idi Amin Dada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/19010781-237b-4709-8f12-9e17e6d269a4.jpg\" title=\"Des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s hongrois\" alt=\"Des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s hongrois\"><\/p>\r\n<div>\r\n\t<figcaption>R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s hongrois arrivant en 1957 apr\u00e8s l'\u00e9chec du soul\u00e8vement d\u00e9mocratique contre les Sovi\u00e9tiques en Hongrie.\r\n\t\t<br>(Archives de l'Ontario 476)<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Un groupe plus controvers\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est celui des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/americans\/\">Am\u00e9ricains<\/a> r\u00e9sistant \u00e0 la guerre. Ces personnes, aussi qualifi\u00e9es de \u00ab&nbsp;d\u00e9serteurs&nbsp;\u00bb, traversent la fronti\u00e8re pour\r\n\tr\u00e9chapper au service militaire obligatoire pendant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/vietnam-war\/\">guerre du Vietnam<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la guerre, plusieurs d\u2019entre eux retournent au pays, mais beaucoup restent au Canada o\u00f9 ils ont\r\n\trefait leur vie. Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s chiliens et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/latin-americans\/\">latino-am\u00e9ricains<\/a> qui fuient le Chili sont aussi source de controverse. Ces r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont d\u00fb quitter leur pays en 1973 apr\u00e8s le\r\n\tcoup d\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019Augusto Pinochet contre le gouvernement marxiste de Salvador Allende. Toutefois, le gouvernement du Canada ne veut pas s\u2019ali\u00e9ner le nouveau r\u00e9gime chilien ou le gouvernement des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour cette raison, le Canada limite le nombre\r\n\td\u2019entr\u00e9es au pays, n\u2019acceptant que quelque 7000 Chiliens au cours de ce conflit qui durera 30 ans.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/bed54daf-26b0-4ceb-b67b-ab9a54137c18.jpg\" title=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1978\" alt=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1978\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>La fuite des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens d\u00e9bute apr\u00e8s la chute de Sa\u00efgon en 1975. En d\u00e9pit des dangers que la mer de Chine du sud pr\u00e9sente et de la piraterie, des dizaines de milliers de Vietnamiens prennent le risque de s'y aventurer. En 1978, cet exode\r\n\t\t\t\tprend des proportions dramatiques. Ce groupe de 162 personnes est arriv\u00e9 sur un petit bateau qui a coul\u00e9 \u00e0 quelques m\u00e8tres des rives de la Malaisie.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/023a1f7c-86f7-4ab4-b54a-44ae0cf2a473.jpg\" title=\"Le camp pour r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Pulau Bidong, 1979\" alt=\"Le camp pour r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Pulau Bidong, 1979\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/883b4658-e18b-4ebd-9d0b-9437a57bfd8e.jpeg\" title=\"Pulau Bidong, un bateau et des r\u00e9sidents du camp pour r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, 1979\" alt=\"Pulau Bidong, un bateau et des r\u00e9sidents du camp pour r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, 1979\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f0b8a5dc-7603-4cc5-acff-82d619212f4a.jpg\" title=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1979.\" alt=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1979.\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Des boat people dans la mer de Chine du sud, Indon\u00e9sie.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/95d34162-76c7-4213-89b0-944e29455e14.jpg\" title=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s cambodgiens, 1981\" alt=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s cambodgiens, 1981\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Des enfants au camp de Khao I Dang, Tha\u00eflande.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/7cde5a91-8730-4916-b8a0-cebbedda17cf.jpg\" title=\"Des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s cambodgiens, 1980\" alt=\"Des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s cambodgiens, 1980\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Situ\u00e9 \u00e0 l'est de la Tha\u00eflande, sur des plaines peu bois\u00e9es et \u00e0 quelques kilom\u00e8tres de la fronti\u00e8re cambodgienne, le Centre de d\u00e9tention Khao-I-Dang a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 en novembre 1979 apr\u00e8s la chute des Khmers rouges. Administr\u00e9 par le minist\u00e8re tha\u00eflandais\r\n\t\t\t\tde l'int\u00e9rieur et le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour servir de centre de d\u00e9tention provisoire pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en attendant qu'ils soient rapatri\u00e9s au Cambodge ou r\u00e9install\u00e9s dans des tiers pays.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c4b27391-2c49-49ae-a058-181ce0416698.jpg\" title=\"Vietnamiens, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\" alt=\"Vietnamiens, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/ee994d29-8b1e-4b75-8cac-c71d9c5e2f31.jpeg\" title=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens\" alt=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Vilien Chen et son p\u00e8re dans un article du Vancouver Province de 1979. L'article d\u00e9crit l'arriv\u00e9e \u00e0 Vancouver de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens en provenance de Hong Kong. Vilien a trois ans sur la photographie. Image: Vilien Chen\/Passages Canada.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/65b85bf0-758b-42e9-bd23-699060855b57.jpg\" title=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'asie du sud-est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\" alt=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'asie du sud-est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>La base militaire de Griesbach \u00e0 Edmonton est l'un des nombreux points d'arriv\u00e9e des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'Asie du Sud-Est.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3c563a21-b242-43dc-a675-9bda1c22be21.jpg\" title=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'asie du sud-est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\" alt=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'asie du sud-est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>La base militaire de Griesbach \u00e0 Edmonton est l'un des nombreux points d'arriv\u00e9e des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'Asie du Sud-Est.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef.jpg\" title=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'asie du sud-est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\" alt=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'asie du sud-est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>La base militaire de Griesbach \u00e0 Edmonton est l'un des nombreux points d'arriv\u00e9e des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'Asie du Sud-Est.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/edfd805b-57d5-4aaf-842a-a1d974a28763.jpg\" title=\"Accueil et int\u00e9gration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens au Canada, 1979\" alt=\"Accueil et int\u00e9gration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens au Canada, 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Afin de faciliter l'int\u00e9gration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s nouvellement arriv\u00e9s au Canada, le Centre d'orientation et de formation des immigr\u00e9s (COPI) met sur pied des classes de langue et des sorties, pendant lesquelles les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuvent apprendre \u00e0 conna\u00eetre\r\n\t\t\t\tleur nouveau pays, leurs habitants et les coutumes locales. <\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\">Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/a><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">Suivant<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Ceci contraste fortement avec l\u2019action humanitaire du Canada lorsqu\u2019il accueille des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du Sud-est asiatique, dont des \u00ab&nbsp;<em>boat people <\/em>\u00bb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/cambodians\">cambodgiens<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/vietnamese\/\">vietnamiens<\/a>\tet <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/laotian-canadians\">laotiens<\/a> durant les ann\u00e9es 1970 et 1980. Touch\u00e9s par la d\u00e9tresse des centaines de milliers de personnes qui fuient le communisme en prenant la mer avec des bateaux de\r\n\tfortune, beaucoup de Canadiens offrent de payer leur voyage jusqu\u2019au Canada. Entre 1978 et les ann\u00e9es 1980, quelque 200 000 Asiatiques du Sud-est s\u2019installent au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TOtzPfIt_CA\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><\/iframe>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1986, en reconnaissance de sa contribution exceptionnelle \u00e0 la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le Canada re\u00e7oit la m\u00e9daille Nansen du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (UNHCR).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/105edc1e-d9f3-4f0f-bdc3-3f44c8df110f.jpg\" title=\"La M\u00e9daille Nansen\" alt=\"La M\u00e9daille Nansen\">\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/368e24c7-bab2-4aed-ab23-22b3004eed11.jpg\" title=\"La gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 acceptant la M\u00e9daille Nansen, 1986\" alt=\"La gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 acceptant la M\u00e9daille Nansen, 1986\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>En 1986, la M\u00e9daille Nansen est d\u00e9cern\u00e9e au peuple canadien en reconnaissance \u00e0 sa contribution essentielle et constante \u00e0 la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, tant dans leur pays qu'\u00e0 travers le monde.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e450fd02-69d6-4021-8f68-a387852ed8ce.jpg\" title=\"La gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 acceptant la M\u00e9daille Nansen, 1986\" alt=\"La gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 acceptant la M\u00e9daille Nansen, 1986\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>En 1986, la M\u00e9daille Nansen est d\u00e9cern\u00e9e au peuple canadien en reconnaissance \u00e0 sa contribution essentielle et constante \u00e0 la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, tant dans leur pays qu'\u00e0 travers le monde.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\">Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/a><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">Suivant<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>21<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle&nbsp;: r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et demandeurs d\u2019asile de la p\u00e9riode r\u00e9cente<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Des ann\u00e9es 1990 au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2010, le Canada adopte plusieurs politiques ayant pour but de restreindre le nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Apr\u00e8s les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canada-and-911\/\">attentats du 11 septembre<\/a>, la\r\n\ts\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale devient prioritaire et de nouvelles ressources sont attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 la surveillance des fronti\u00e8res. Il y a aussi une tentative g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de r\u00e9duire le nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de demandeurs d\u2019asile. Pour cette raison, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont souvent\r\n\tpr\u00e9sent\u00e9s, \u00e0 tort, comme ayant partie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la criminalit\u00e9 et au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/anti-terrorism-act\/\">terrorisme<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cette attitude est particuli\u00e8rement caract\u00e9ristique du gouvernement <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/conservative-party\">conservateur<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/stephen-joseph-harper\">Stephen Harper<\/a>.\r\n\tEn 2009-2010, des centaines de demandeurs d\u2019asile tamouls du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/sinhalese\/\">Sri Lanka<\/a> arrivent au Canada \u00e0 bord du MV <em>Ocean Lady<\/em> et du MV <em>Sun Sea<\/em>. Le gouvernement r\u00e9agit en\r\n\tpla\u00e7ant les demandeurs d\u2019asile en d\u00e9tention; certaines familles sont emprisonn\u00e9es pendant des ann\u00e9es sans grand soutien. Les demandeurs d\u2019asile tamouls sont d\u00e9crits comme des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00ab&nbsp;non l\u00e9gitimes&nbsp;\u00bb li\u00e9s au trafic de personnes et au terrorisme.\r\n\tN\u00e9anmoins, nombre de ces demandeurs d\u2019asile seront par la suite reconnus comme r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me canadien de d\u00e9termination du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9, car on consid\u00e8re qu\u2019ils risquent de subir des pers\u00e9cutions de la part du gouvernement du\r\n\tSri Lanka.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La guerre civile destructrice qui se poursuit en Syrie a amen\u00e9 plus de 4millions de personnes \u00e0 fuir le pays, et plus de 7 millions d\u2019autres sont toujours d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la Syrie m\u00eame. En novembre 2015, le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/prime-minister\">premier ministre<\/a>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/justin-trudeau\">Justin Trudeau<\/a>, qui vient d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9lu \u00e0 la t\u00eate d\u2019un nouveau gouvernement lib\u00e9ral, annonce sa r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la crise des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens&nbsp;: le Canada s\u2019engage \u00e0 accueillir\r\n\t25 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens avant la fin de 2015. Les citoyens canadiens accroissent leur soutien aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, par des aides financi\u00e8res priv\u00e9es, la contribution \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s de r\u00e9insertion ou la cr\u00e9ation de cliniques sanitaires et juridiques pour les\r\n\tr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. En 2017, le Canada re\u00e7oit quelque 54 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens. Si le Canada a accueilli plus de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens que les \u00c9tats-Unis, ce nombre reste inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la contribution de plusieurs pays du Moyen-Orient et d\u2019Europe. Par exemple, en 2017,\r\n\ton estime que 3,4 millions de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7us en Turquie, et un autre million au Liban. En Europe, l\u2019Allemagne a re\u00e7u plus d\u2019un demi million de demandeurs d\u2019asile, tandis que la Su\u00e8de, un pays dont la population repr\u00e9sente moins du tiers\r\n\tde celle du Canada, a re\u00e7u 110 000 migrants. (<em>Voir <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">R\u00e9ponse canadienne \u00e0 la crise des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c0 la suite de l\u2019\u00e9lection de Donald Trump \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence des \u00c9tats-Unis en 2017, des milliers de demandeurs d\u2019asile se pr\u00e9sentent \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re canado-am\u00e9ricaine pour demander le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Ces demandeurs d\u2019asile veulent se r\u00e9fugier au Canada\r\n\ten raison de la rh\u00e9torique hostile et des politiques d\u2019immigration du nouveau r\u00e9gime, qui risquent de leur porter pr\u00e9judice. Beaucoup de ces migrants traversent ill\u00e9galement la fronti\u00e8re afin de contourner l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Entente sur les tiers pays s\u00fbrs entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis (ETPS)<\/a>.\r\n\tDes migrants en situation irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re traversent souvent dans des points de passage non officiels, comme le chemin Roxham, o\u00f9 ils sont arr\u00eat\u00e9s par la police. (<em>Voir <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-irreguliere\">Immigration irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re au Canada<\/a>.)\r\n\tToutefois, une fois au Canada, ils peuvent faire une demande de statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et plaider leur cause devant un tribunal. L\u2019ETPS est ren\u00e9goci\u00e9 en mars 2023, imposant des limites aux migrants en situation irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re en mati\u00e8re de demande d\u2019asile.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>Le saviez-vous?<br><\/strong>L\u2019ETPS consid\u00e8re les \u00c9tats-Unis comme un \u00ab&nbsp;tiers pays s\u00fbr&nbsp;\u00bb, o\u00f9 les demandeurs d\u2019asile peuvent faire une demande de statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Pour cette raison, les demandeurs d\u2019asile arrivant des \u00c9tats-Unis ne\r\n\t\tpeuvent demander protection en tant que r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans un poste-fronti\u00e8re officiel. Cependant, il y a des voix qui soutiennent que les politiques des \u00c9tats-Unis sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont plus dures, exposant les demandeurs d\u2019asile au risque.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2018, le Canada a re\u00e7u plus de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s que tout autre pays. Selon le rapport annuel sur les tendances globales publi\u00e9 par le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (UNHCR), le Canada a accueilli 28 100 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sur les 92 400 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\r\n\tqui se sont install\u00e9s dans 25 pays. Le rapport indique aussi que plus de 18 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont devenus citoyens canadiens cette ann\u00e9e, faisant du Canada le pays ayant le deuxi\u00e8me taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 obtenir la citoyennet\u00e9.<\/p>","twitter_summary":null,"pivot":{"model_id":"72064","relatable_id":"79580","relatable_type":"App\\Models\\Article","position":3},"translations":[{"id":"94e3a7de-ba02-408f-994a-3cdf761bb89a","article_id":"79580","title":"Refugees to Canada","summary":"<p>Refugees are migrants who fled their countries of origin to escape persecution or danger and have found asylum in another country. Over time, Canada has been the landing ground for many migrants seeking refuge from all over the world. However, discriminatory\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">immigration policies<\/a> have also prevented some asylum seekers in need of protection from entering Canada (<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Canadian Refugee Policy<\/a>).<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/1a24d8b0-121d-48c7-b40d-277ea85b14b6.jpg\" title=\"Vietnamese boat people, 1984\" alt=\"Vietnamese boat people, 1984\">\r\n\t<figcaption>A woman and her baby at Chi Ma Wan camp, Hong Kong.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Key Concepts about Migration and Refugees<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Migrant <\/strong><em>\u2014<\/em> Migrants are broadly defined as foreign-born or foreign nationals currently in a country other than their country of origin. Migrants can also be simply defined as people who move from one place to another, including\r\n\tacross international borders.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Asylum seeker <\/strong><em>\u2014<\/em> Asylum seekers are migrants in search of protection outside of their countries of origin. However, unlike refugees, asylum seekers\u2019 requests for protection have yet to be approved.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Refugee \u2014 <\/strong>The United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) defines refugees as those who have fled from conflict and persecution to seek protection in another country. As such, refugees are generally asylum seekers who have been\r\n\tgranted the right to asylum in another country (refugee status).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees defines refugees as: \u201csomeone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular\r\n\tsocial group, or political opinion.\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>16th-19th Century: Early Refugee Cohorts to Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada is a nation of settler migrants. These migrants include the country\u2019s original colonizers. These colonizers began arriving from Europe in the 15th century. Gradually, they took over Indigenous lands. After the establishment of the colonies, the\r\n\tfirst major cohort of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\/\">immigrants<\/a> to arrive in Canada came during and after the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/american-revolution\/\">American Revolution<\/a>\t(1775\u201383).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The United Empire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\">Loyalists<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">Black Loyalists<\/a> are regarded as among Canada's\r\n\tfirst refugee contingents. The Loyalists and Black Loyalists had sided or fought with the British during the American Revolution. After Britain\u2019s defeat, many fled to Canada to avoid persecution for their political leanings. The Loyalists also included\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/quakers\/\">Quakers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/mennonites\/\">Mennonites<\/a>, and other nonconformists who feared persecution by the new American government.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/dc264d6d-7df5-4bbb-a9b4-728f34d7ad7f.jpg\" title=\"Black Loyalists\" alt=\"Black Loyalists\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>After the War of 1812, over 500 black people were settled at Hammonds Plains. This painting shows a black family on the Hammonds Plains Road, with Bedford Basin in the background (watercolour by Robert Petley, 1835, courtesy Library and Archives Canada\/C-115424).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/ee6791f8-0e4e-40a0-b993-ad09823228ad.jpg\" title=\"Richard Pierpoint, Black Loyalist\" alt=\"Richard Pierpoint, Black Loyalist\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>An illustration of Black Loyalist Richard Pierpoint (artwork by Malcolm Jones, courtesy Canadian War Museum\/1.E.2.4-CGR2).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/9bba649e-f07c-410c-bca1-4df7455a9312.jpg\" title=\"Peter Verigin, religious leader\" alt=\"Peter Verigin, religious leader\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Verigin's powerful and imaginative personality enabled the Doukhobors to weather their difficult first decades in Canada (courtesy Library and Archives Canada\/C-8882, photo 1902).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"Russian Doukhobors\" alt=\"Russian Doukhobors\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Russian Doukhobor settlers on a ship to Canada, 1898 (National Archives of Canada \/ C-5208).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\">Previous<\/a><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">Next<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Before 1860, thousands of fugitive Black enslaved people also fled the United States to come to Canada. For those fleeing enslavement, Canada was seen as the final stop on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/underground-railroad\/\">Underground Railroad<\/a>.\r\n\tDuring this period, an estimated 30,000 African Americans came to Canada seeking protection.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Over the next generation, two groups of refugees, Mennonites and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/doukhobors\/\">Doukhobors<\/a>, arrived from Russia in the late 1890s and early 1900s. Both groups were persecuted under the Russian\r\n\ttsars. The Canadian government was desperately searching for farmers to settle the West and mainly resettled these groups to the Prairie Provinces.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>19th-20th Century: Canada's Policies of Migrant Exclusion<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Not all migrants were similarly welcomed into Canadian society. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">Canadian migration policy<\/a> in the 19th\u201320th century was often restrictive on the basis of race and\r\n\tethnic origin (<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Canadian Refugee Policy<\/a>). These racially discriminatory policies were used to deny refuge for many migrants.\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Chinese migrants <\/a>to Canada were particularly the target of racist immigration policies. Many migrants had left China in the wake of socio-economic and political turmoil\r\n\tdue to the disruption caused by Western imperial powers. However, Chinese migrants were seen as a threat by Canadian politicians who put in place racist restrictions on Chinese migration. In 1885, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\">Head Tax<\/a>\twas put in place as a costly tax which only targeted Chinese migrants entering Canada. In 1924, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">Chinese Immigration Act<\/a> was passed and made Chinese immigration\r\n\tpractically illegal except in a few cases.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the 1930s, when German <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Jews<\/a> seeking refuge from Nazi persecution sought sanctuary in Canada, the Canadian government was less than receptive. In 1939, hundreds of Jewish\r\n\trefugees onboard the ship <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\/\">MS <em>St. Louis<\/em><\/a> were turned away and had to return to Europe. Many of the passengers would end up later being persecuted and killed in Nazi-occupied\r\n\tEurope. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/anti-semitism\/\">Anti-Semitism<\/a> permeated Canada, and there was little public support for, and much opposition to, the admission of refugees. While Canada eventually accepted some 4,000\r\n\tJewish refugees from Europe, this number was small compared to other countries. The US welcomed 240,000, Britain 85,000, China 25,000, and Mexico and Colombia some 40,000 between them.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>This attitude of exclusion did not change until after the Second World War when Europe experienced its largest series of refugee migration. Canada then became much more receptive to refugees, largely due to its booming economy and the necessity to increase\r\n\tits workforce. Hundreds of thousands of displaced persons came to Canada, their journeys often subsidized by the Canadian government. Canada also began to play an increasingly active role in the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) organization\r\n\tin resettling refugees.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Late 20th Century: Refugees from the Cold War<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada defined its reputation of welcoming refugees during the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/cold-war\">Cold War<\/a>. By the end of the 1960s, the Canadian government gradually moved away from racially discriminatory migration\r\n\tpolicies. In 1969, Canada also signed on to the 1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol which regulate international law regarding refugee rights.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1956, within months of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/hungarians\/\">Hungarian<\/a> uprising against the Soviet occupation, the Canadian government succumbed to domestic pressure, especially from ethnic and religious groups,\r\n\tand announced that it would accept a large number of Hungarian refugees. More than 37,500 arrived to Canada. Their acceptance while <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/cold-war\/\">Cold War<\/a> tensions were rising provided the West\r\n\twith an opportunity to criticize the Soviet Union and its allies\u2019 invasion of Hungary. In 1968, with the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia during the Prague Spring, some 11,000 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/czechs\/\">Czechs<\/a>\tresettled to Canada. In 1972, Canada also accepted 7,000 Ugandan South Asians who were fleeing the repressive authoritarian regime of Idi Amin.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/19010781-237b-4709-8f12-9e17e6d269a4.jpg\" title=\"Hungarian Refugees\" alt=\"Hungarian Refugees\">\r\n\t<figcaption>Hungarian refugees arriving in 1957 after the democratic revolt in Hungary was crushed by the Soviets (Archives of Ontario 476).<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>A more controversial group of refugees were the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/americans\/\">American<\/a> war resisters. Also known as \"draft evaders\", these people fled across the border to escape mandatory service in the\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/vietnam-war\/\">Vietnam War<\/a>. Though some returned home after the war, many took up new lives in Canada. Equally controversial were the Chilean and other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/latin-americans\/\">Latin American<\/a> refugees forced\r\n\t\tout of Chile. These refugees had been forced to flee due to Augusto Pinochet's overthrow of Salvador Allende's Marxist government in 1973. However, the Canadian government did not want to alienate the American or new Chilean administrations. As such,\r\n\t\tCanada restricted the numbers of permitted entries, only resettling around 7,000 Chileans during the 30-year conflict.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/bed54daf-26b0-4ceb-b67b-ab9a54137c18.jpg\" title=\"Vietnamese boat people, 1978\" alt=\"Vietnamese boat people, 1978\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>The flight of Vietnamese refugees began after the fall of Saigon in 1975. In spite of the dangers of unfriendly waters and piracy, tens of thousands took to the South China Sea, and by 1978 the exodus had grown to dramatic proportions. This group of\r\n\t\t\t\t162 persons arrived in Malaysia on a small boat which sank a few meters from the shore.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/023a1f7c-86f7-4ab4-b54a-44ae0cf2a473.jpg\" title=\"Pulau Bidong Refugees Camp, 1979\" alt=\"Pulau Bidong Refugees Camp, 1979\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/883b4658-e18b-4ebd-9d0b-9437a57bfd8e.jpeg\" title=\"Pulau Bidong, MRCS boat with camp residents (refugees), 1979\" alt=\"Pulau Bidong, MRCS boat with camp residents (refugees), 1979\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f0b8a5dc-7603-4cc5-acff-82d619212f4a.jpg\" title=\"Vietnamese boat people\" alt=\"Vietnamese boat people\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Boat people in the South China Sea, Indonesia, 1979.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/95d34162-76c7-4213-89b0-944e29455e14.jpg\" title=\"Cambodian refugees, 1981\" alt=\"Cambodian refugees, 1981\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Children at Khao I Dang camp, Thailand, 1981.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/7cde5a91-8730-4916-b8a0-cebbedda17cf.jpg\" title=\"Cambodian refugees\" alt=\"Cambodian refugees\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Situated on the sparsely wooded plains in eastern Thailand a few miles from the Cambodian border, Khao-I-Dang Holding Center was established in November 1979 after the fall of the Khmer Rouge. Administered by the Thai Ministry of the Interior and the\r\n\t\t\t\tUNHCR, it was intended to serve as a temporary holding centre for refugees who would either be repatriated to Cambodia or resettled to third countries.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c4b27391-2c49-49ae-a058-181ce0416698.jpg\" title=\"Vietnamese Refugees\" alt=\"Vietnamese Refugees\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Vietnamese refugee women carry children off the plane at Montreal's Dorval airport. A group of 161 refugees arrived from Malaysia after languishing on the ship \"Hai Hong\" to take up residence in Canada 1978.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/ee994d29-8b1e-4b75-8cac-c71d9c5e2f31.jpeg\" title=\"Vietnamese Refugees\" alt=\"Vietnamese Refugees\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Vilien Chen and her father are pictured in a Vancouver Province article from 1979 that discusses the arrival of Vietnamese refugees in Vancouver from Hong Kong. Vilien was three years old in the photo. <\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/65b85bf0-758b-42e9-bd23-699060855b57.jpg\" title=\"Reception of Southeast Asian refugees at CFB Griesbach, August 1979\" alt=\"Reception of Southeast Asian refugees at CFB Griesbach, August 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Griesbach Military Base in Edmonton, one of the arrival points for Southeast Asian refugees.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3c563a21-b242-43dc-a675-9bda1c22be21.jpg\" title=\"Reception of Southeast Asian refugees at CFB Griesbach, August 1979\" alt=\"Reception of Southeast Asian refugees at CFB Griesbach, August 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Griesbach Military Base in Edmonton, one of the arrival points for Southeast Asian refugees.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef.jpg\" title=\"Reception of Southeast Asian refugees at CFB Griesbach, August 1979\" alt=\"Reception of Southeast Asian refugees at CFB Griesbach, August 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Griesbach Military Base in Edmonton, one of the arrival points for Southeast Asian refugees.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/edfd805b-57d5-4aaf-842a-a1d974a28763.jpg\" title=\"Resettlement and integration of Vietnamese refugees in Canada, 1979\" alt=\"Resettlement and integration of Vietnamese refugees in Canada, 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>In order to facilitate the integration of newly arrived refugees, the Canadian C.O.P.I (Centre d'orientation et de formation des immigr\u00e9s) organizes language classes and outings during which refugees can get to know their new country, the people and\r\n\t\t\t\tthe local customs.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\">Previous<\/a><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">Next<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>This is in sharp contrast to Canada's humanitarian action in welcoming refugees from Southeast Asia including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/cambodians\">Cambodians<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">Vietnamese<\/a>,\r\n\tand <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/laotian-canadians\">Laotian<\/a> \"boat people\" in the 1970s\u20131980s. Touched by the plight of the hundreds of thousands escaping from communism by taking to the high seas in unsafe boats, many\r\n\tCanadians offered to sponsor their journey to Canada. From 1978 onwards and into the 1980s, some 200,000 Southeast Asians refugees were resettled in Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/v4nKkqdnVCM\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"> <\/iframe>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1986, in recognition of its exceptional contribution to refugee protection, Canada was awarded the Nansen Medal by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/105edc1e-d9f3-4f0f-bdc3-3f44c8df110f.jpg\" title=\"Nansen Award\" alt=\"Nansen Award\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>UNHCR's Nansen Medal, awarded annually in recognition of exceptional commitment to helping refugees on the part of an individual or association.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/368e24c7-bab2-4aed-ab23-22b3004eed11.jpg\" title=\"Governor General of Canada Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 accepting the Nansen Award, 1986\" alt=\"Governor General of Canada Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 accepting the Nansen Award, 1986\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>The Nansen Medal awarded to the People of Canada in 1986, in recognition of their essential and constant contribution to the cause of refugees within their country and around the world.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e450fd02-69d6-4021-8f68-a387852ed8ce.jpg\" title=\"Governor General of Canada Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 accepting the Nansen Award, 1986\" alt=\"Governor General of Canada Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 accepting the Nansen Award, 1986\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>The Nansen Medal awarded to the People of Canada in 1986, in recognition of their essential and constant contribution to the cause of refugees within their country and around the world.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\">Previous<\/a><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">Next<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>21st Century: Modern Day Refugees and Asylum Seekers<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>From the 1990s\u2013early 2010s, Canada enacted a number of policies aimed at curtailing the number of refugees. In the aftermath of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\/\">9\/11<\/a> and the increased focus on national security,\r\n\tmore resources were diverted to strengthen border enforcement. There was also a general attempt at decreasing numbers of refugees and asylum seekers. As a result, refugees were often wrongfully depicted as being linked to criminality, and\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/anti-terrorism-act\/\">terrorism<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\">Conservative<\/a> government under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/stephen-joseph-harper\">Stephen Harper<\/a> was particularly characterized by this\r\n\tattitude. In 2009\u20132010, hundreds of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sinhalese\/\">Sri Lankan<\/a> Tamil asylum seekers arrived in Canada on the MV<em> Ocean Lady<\/em> and MV<em> Sun Sea<\/em>. The government reacted by detaining\r\n\tthe refugee claimants; with some families being imprisoned for years without much support. The Tamil refugees were depicted as being linked to terrorism and human smuggling, and not as \u201clegitimate\u201d refugees. However, many of the claimants have since\r\n\tthen been found to be refugees through Canada's refugee determination system on the grounds that they were at risk of human rights abuses by the Sri Lankan government.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the wake of the destructive and ongoing Syrian Civil War, more than 4 million people have been displaced by the conflict and more than 7 million continue to be internally displaced inside Syria. In November 2015, a newly elected Liberal government\r\n\tunder <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prime-minister\">Prime Minister<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/justin-trudeau\">Justin Trudeau<\/a> unveiled its resettlement response to the Syrian refugee\r\n\tcrisis. The government committed to resettling 25,000 Syrian refugees by late 2015. Ordinary Canadians increased their support, including privately sponsoring refugees, aiding in resettlement activities, and setting up refugee health and legal clinics.\r\n\tBy 2017, Canada had welcomed around 54,000 Syrian refugees to Canada. While Canada welcomed more Syrian refugees than the United States, this number was overshadowed by the efforts of many Middle Eastern and European countries. For instance, in 2017,\r\n\tthere was an estimated 3.4 million Syrian refugees in Turkey and an additional 1 million in Lebanon. In Europe, Germany provided asylum to more than half a million asylum seekers while Sweden, a country with a population less than a third of the size\r\n\tof Canada, received 110,000 migrants. (<em>See<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">Canadian Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Since 2017 and the election of President Donald Trump\u2019s administration in the US, thousands of asylum seekers have presented themselves at the US-Canadian border to claim refugee status. These asylum seekers seek refuge in Canada in reaction to the administration\u2019s\r\n\thostile rhetoric and policies on migration which could put them in harm\u2019s way. Many of these migrants performed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irregular-immigration\">irregular crossings<\/a> of the Canada-US border to circumvent\r\n\tthe <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Canada-United States Safe Third Country Agreement (STCA)<\/a>. Irregular migrants crossed at unofficial entry points such as at Roxham road where\r\n\tthey are stopped by the police. However, once in Canada, these migrants could apply for refugee status and have their cases heard. In March 2023, the STCA was renegotiated, restricting irregular migrants\u2019 ability to claim asylum.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>DID YOU KNOW?<br><\/strong> The STCA considers the US to be a \u201csafe third country\u201d for asylum seekers to apply for refugee status. As such, many asylum seekers coming in from the US cannot apply for refugee protection at an official border crossing.\r\n\t\tHowever, critics argue that the US has harsher refugee policies which put asylum seekers at risk.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>In 2018, Canada resettled more refugees than any other country. According to the annual global trends report released by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Canada took in 28,100 of the 92,400 refugees who were resettled across\r\n\t25 countries. The report also shows that over 18,000 refugees became Canadian citizens that year, making it the country with the second highest rate of refugees to gain citizenship.<\/p>","slug":"refugees","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"en","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2020-10-26T21:22:02.000000Z"},{"id":"6229a5bb-8500-4d13-979d-51c028749099","article_id":"79580","title":"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Canada","summary":"<p>Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont des migrants qui ont fui leur pays d\u2019origine pour \u00e9chapper \u00e0 des pers\u00e9cutions ou \u00e0 un danger et qui ont trouv\u00e9 asile dans un autre pays. Le Canada est depuis longtemps une terre d\u2019accueil pour des migrants du monde entier \u00e0 la recherche\r\n\td\u2019un refuge. Cependant, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">politiques d\u2019immigration<\/a> discriminatoires ont aussi emp\u00each\u00e9 certains demandeurs d\u2019asile ayant besoin de protection d\u2019entrer au Canada (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies\">Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>).<\/p>","body":"<p><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/1a24d8b0-121d-48c7-b40d-277ea85b14b6.jpg\" title=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1984\" alt=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1984\"><\/p>\r\n<div>\r\n\t<figcaption>Une femme et son b\u00e9b\u00e9 au camp de Chi Ma Wan, Hong Kong.\r\n\t\t<br>\u00a9 UNHCR\/L.Solmssen<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Concepts cl\u00e9s sur la migration et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Migrant <\/strong>\u2013 Au sens large, les migrants sont des ressortissants \u00e9trangers ou des personnes n\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger qui vivent dans un pays autre que leur pays d\u2019origine. On peut d\u00e9finir un migrant comme une personne qui se d\u00e9place d\u2019un endroit\r\n\t\u00e0 un autre, notamment en franchissant les fronti\u00e8res internationales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Demandeur d\u2019asile <\/strong>\u2013 Les demandeurs d\u2019asile sont des migrants qui recherchent une protection hors de leur pays d\u2019origine. Toutefois, contrairement aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les demandes de protection des demandeurs d\u2019asile ne sont pas encore approuv\u00e9es.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>R\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u2013 <\/strong>Le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (UNHCR) d\u00e9finit un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 comme une personne qui a fui un conflit ou des pers\u00e9cutions pour obtenir une protection dans un autre pays. En tant que tels, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont\r\n\tg\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des demandeurs d\u2019asile ayant re\u00e7u le droit d\u2019asile dans un autre pays (statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La Convention relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de 1951 d\u00e9finit un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 comme une personne qui \u00abcraignant avec raison d\u2019\u00eatre pers\u00e9cut\u00e9e du fait de sa race, de sa religion, de sa nationalit\u00e9, de son appartenance \u00e0 un certain groupe social ou de ses opinions\r\n\tpolitiques, se trouve hors du pays dont elle a la nationalit\u00e9 et qui ne peut ou, du fait de cette crainte, ne veut se r\u00e9clamer de la protection de ce pays\u00bb.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Du 16<sup>e<\/sup> au 19<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle: premi\u00e8res cohortes de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada est une nation de migrants colons. Ces migrants incluent les colonisateurs originaux du pays. Ceux-ci commencent \u00e0 arriver d\u2019Europe au 15<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle. Graduellement, ils s\u2019approprient les terres autochtones. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des colonies,\r\n\tla premi\u00e8re cohorte importante d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\/\">immigrants<\/a> arrive au Canada pendant et apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/american-revolution\/\">R\u00e9volution am\u00e9ricaine<\/a>(1775-1783).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/loyalists\/\">loyalistes<\/a> de l\u2019Empire Uni et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">loyalistes noirs<\/a> font partie des\r\n\tpremiers contingents de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s arriv\u00e9s au Canada. Les loyalistes et les loyalistes noirs ont pris parti ou ont combattu pour les Britanniques durant la R\u00e9volution am\u00e9ricaine. Apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9faite de l\u2019Angleterre, certains fuient au Canada de crainte d\u2019\u00eatre\r\n\tpers\u00e9cut\u00e9s en raison de leurs all\u00e9geances politiques. Parmi les loyalistes, on retrouve des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quakers\/\">Quakers<\/a>, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/mennonites\">mennonites<\/a>\tet d\u2019autres groupes non conformistes qui craignent d\u2019\u00eatre pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le nouveau gouvernement am\u00e9ricain.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/dc264d6d-7df5-4bbb-a9b4-728f34d7ad7f.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Apr\u00e8s la guerre de 1812, plus de 500 noirs s'install\u00e8rent \u00e0 Hammonds Plains. Ce tableau montre une famille noire vivant le long de Hammonds Plains Road, le Bedford Basin est \u00e0 l'arri\u00e8re-plan (aquarelle de Robert Petley, 1835; avec la permission de\r\n\t\t\t\tBiblioth\u00e8que et Archives Canada\/C-115424).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/ee6791f8-0e4e-40a0-b993-ad09823228ad.jpg\" title=\"Richard Pierpoint\" alt=\"Richard Pierpoint\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Image: Malcolm Jones\/Canadian War Museum\/1.E.2.4-CGR2.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/9bba649e-f07c-410c-bca1-4df7455a9312.jpg\" title=\"Peter Verigin, chef religieux \" alt=\"Peter Verigin, chef religieux \">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>La personnalit\u00e9 forte et originale de Verigin a permis aux Doukhobors de surmonter leurs difficult\u00e9s au cours des premi\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies qu'ils ont pass\u00e9es au Canada (avec la permission des Biblioth\u00e8que et Archives Canada\/C-8882, photo 1902).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"Les Doukhobors russes\" alt=\"Les Doukhobors russes\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Les immigrants russes doukhobors sur un bateau en route pour le Canada, 1898 (Biblioth\u00e8que et Archives Canada\/ C-5208).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\">Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/a><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">Suivant<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Avant 1860, des milliers de Noirs asservis fugitifs fuient les \u00c9tats-Unis pour se r\u00e9fugier au Canada. Pour ceux qui fuient l\u2019asservissement, le Canada est vu comme la destination finale du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/underground-railroad\/\">chemin de fer clandestin<\/a>.\r\n\tPendant cette p\u00e9riode, on estime \u00e0 30 000 le nombre d\u2019Afro-Am\u00e9ricains qui arrivent au Canada pour obtenir une protection.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Deux groupes de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les mennonites et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/doukhobors\/\">doukhobors<\/a>, arrivent de Russie \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1890 et au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1900. Ces deux groupes sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s dans la Russie\r\n\ttsariste. Le gouvernement canadien recherche d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment des cultivateurs pour coloniser l\u2019Ouest, et installe ces groupes principalement dans les provinces des Prairies.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>19<sup>e<\/sup> et 20<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cles&nbsp;: Politiques d\u2019exclusion des migrants au Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Les migrants n\u2019ont pas toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi bien accueillis dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne. Au cours des 19<sup>e<\/sup> et 20<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cles, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">politiques d\u2019immigration<\/a>\tsont souvent restrictives en mati\u00e8re de race et d\u2019origine ethnique (<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies\">Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>). Ces politiques de discrimination\r\n\traciale sont utilis\u00e9es pour refuser l\u2019asile \u00e0 beaucoup de migrants. En particulier, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">migrants chinois<\/a> au Canada sont vis\u00e9s par des politiques d\u2019immigration racistes.\r\n\tBeaucoup de migrants quittent la Chine dans la foul\u00e9e des perturbations politiques et socio-\u00e9conomiques entra\u00een\u00e9es par les interventions des puissances imp\u00e9rialistes occidentales. Toutefois, les migrants chinois sont per\u00e7us comme une menace par des politiciens\r\n\tcanadiens, qui mettent en place des restrictions racistes \u00e0 l\u2019immigration chinoise. En 1885, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\">taxe d\u2019entr\u00e9e impos\u00e9e aux immigrants chinois<\/a> est cr\u00e9\u00e9e, une taxe\r\n\tco\u00fbteuse visant exclusivement les immigrants chinois entrant au Canada. En 1924, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\"><em>Loi de l\u2019immigration chinoise<\/em><\/a> est adopt\u00e9e, rendant l\u2019immigration chinoise\r\n\tpratiquement ill\u00e9gale, sauf dans quelques cas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es 1930, alors que les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Juifs<\/a> d\u2019Allemagne cherchent un refuge pour \u00e9chapper aux pers\u00e9cutions des nazis, le gouvernement du Canada se montre peu r\u00e9ceptif. En\r\n\t1939, des centaines de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s juifs \u00e0 bord du vaisseau <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ms-st-louis\/\">MS <em>St.Louis<\/em><\/a> se voient refuser l\u2019acc\u00e8s et doivent retourner en Europe. Beaucoup des passagers seront par la\r\n\tsuite pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s et tu\u00e9s en Europe, occup\u00e9e par les nazis. L\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/anti-semitism\/\">antis\u00e9mitisme<\/a> se propage au Canada et l\u2019opinion publique se montre peu favorable \u00e0 l\u2019admission des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Finalement,\r\n\tle Canada accepte \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s 4000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s juifs d\u2019Europe, mais ce nombre reste tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9 comparativement \u00e0 d\u2019autres pays. Les \u00c9tats-Unis en accueillent 240 000, l\u2019Angleterre 85 000, la Chine 25 000 et le Mexique et la Colombie, \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s 40 000 ensemble.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cette attitude d\u2019exclusion persiste jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale, alors que l\u2019Europe conna\u00eet sa plus importante s\u00e9rie de mouvements de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Le Canada devient alors beaucoup plus r\u00e9ceptif aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, en grande partie en raison de\r\n\tla croissance de son \u00e9conomie et de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019accro\u00eetre son bassin de main d\u2019\u0153uvre. Des centaines de milliers de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es arrivent au Canada, souvent avec l\u2019appui financier du gouvernement canadien pour payer leur voyage. Le Canada commence\r\n\taussi \u00e0 jouer un r\u00f4le de plus en plus actif aupr\u00e8s du Haut Commissariat des Nations unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en accueillant des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Fin du 20<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle&nbsp;: les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la Guerre froide<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Le Canada \u00e9tablit sa r\u00e9putation d\u2019ouverture aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s pendant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/cold-war\">Guerre froide<\/a>. \u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1960, le gouvernement canadien s\u2019\u00e9loigne graduellement des politiques d\u2019immigration\r\n\tfond\u00e9es sur la discrimination raciale. En 1969, le Canada signe aussi la Convention de 1951 relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ainsi que son Protocole de 1967, qui r\u00e9git le droit international en mati\u00e8re de droits des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1956, quelques mois apr\u00e8s le soul\u00e8vement contre l\u2019occupation sovi\u00e9tique en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/hungarians\/\">Hongrie<\/a>, le gouvernement canadien succombe \u00e0 la pression de l\u2019opinion publique, principalement des\r\n\tgroupes ethniques et religieux, et annonce qu\u2019il recevra un grand nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s hongrois. Plus de 37 500 d\u2019entre eux arrivent au Canada. Cet accueil, au moment o\u00f9 s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8vent les tensions de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/cold-war\/\">Guerre froide<\/a>,\r\n\tdonne au bloc de l\u2019Ouest une occasion de critiquer l\u2019invasion de la Hongrie par l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique et ses alli\u00e9s. En 1968, suite \u00e0 l\u2019invasion sovi\u00e9tique de la Tch\u00e9coslovaquie pendant le Printemps de Prague, quelque 11 000 Tch\u00e8ques sont re\u00e7us au Canada.\r\n\tEn 1972, Le Canada accepte aussi 7000 Sud-Asiatiques de l\u2019Ouganda fuyant la r\u00e9pression du r\u00e9gime autoritaire d\u2019Idi Amin Dada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/19010781-237b-4709-8f12-9e17e6d269a4.jpg\" title=\"Des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s hongrois\" alt=\"Des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s hongrois\"><\/p>\r\n<div>\r\n\t<figcaption>R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s hongrois arrivant en 1957 apr\u00e8s l'\u00e9chec du soul\u00e8vement d\u00e9mocratique contre les Sovi\u00e9tiques en Hongrie.\r\n\t\t<br>(Archives de l'Ontario 476)<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Un groupe plus controvers\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est celui des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/americans\/\">Am\u00e9ricains<\/a> r\u00e9sistant \u00e0 la guerre. Ces personnes, aussi qualifi\u00e9es de \u00ab&nbsp;d\u00e9serteurs&nbsp;\u00bb, traversent la fronti\u00e8re pour\r\n\tr\u00e9chapper au service militaire obligatoire pendant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/vietnam-war\/\">guerre du Vietnam<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la guerre, plusieurs d\u2019entre eux retournent au pays, mais beaucoup restent au Canada o\u00f9 ils ont\r\n\trefait leur vie. Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s chiliens et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/latin-americans\/\">latino-am\u00e9ricains<\/a> qui fuient le Chili sont aussi source de controverse. Ces r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s ont d\u00fb quitter leur pays en 1973 apr\u00e8s le\r\n\tcoup d\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019Augusto Pinochet contre le gouvernement marxiste de Salvador Allende. Toutefois, le gouvernement du Canada ne veut pas s\u2019ali\u00e9ner le nouveau r\u00e9gime chilien ou le gouvernement des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pour cette raison, le Canada limite le nombre\r\n\td\u2019entr\u00e9es au pays, n\u2019acceptant que quelque 7000 Chiliens au cours de ce conflit qui durera 30 ans.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/bed54daf-26b0-4ceb-b67b-ab9a54137c18.jpg\" title=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1978\" alt=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1978\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>La fuite des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens d\u00e9bute apr\u00e8s la chute de Sa\u00efgon en 1975. En d\u00e9pit des dangers que la mer de Chine du sud pr\u00e9sente et de la piraterie, des dizaines de milliers de Vietnamiens prennent le risque de s'y aventurer. En 1978, cet exode\r\n\t\t\t\tprend des proportions dramatiques. Ce groupe de 162 personnes est arriv\u00e9 sur un petit bateau qui a coul\u00e9 \u00e0 quelques m\u00e8tres des rives de la Malaisie.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/023a1f7c-86f7-4ab4-b54a-44ae0cf2a473.jpg\" title=\"Le camp pour r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Pulau Bidong, 1979\" alt=\"Le camp pour r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Pulau Bidong, 1979\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/883b4658-e18b-4ebd-9d0b-9437a57bfd8e.jpeg\" title=\"Pulau Bidong, un bateau et des r\u00e9sidents du camp pour r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, 1979\" alt=\"Pulau Bidong, un bateau et des r\u00e9sidents du camp pour r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, 1979\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f0b8a5dc-7603-4cc5-acff-82d619212f4a.jpg\" title=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1979.\" alt=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1979.\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Des boat people dans la mer de Chine du sud, Indon\u00e9sie.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/95d34162-76c7-4213-89b0-944e29455e14.jpg\" title=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s cambodgiens, 1981\" alt=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s cambodgiens, 1981\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Des enfants au camp de Khao I Dang, Tha\u00eflande.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/7cde5a91-8730-4916-b8a0-cebbedda17cf.jpg\" title=\"Des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s cambodgiens, 1980\" alt=\"Des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s cambodgiens, 1980\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Situ\u00e9 \u00e0 l'est de la Tha\u00eflande, sur des plaines peu bois\u00e9es et \u00e0 quelques kilom\u00e8tres de la fronti\u00e8re cambodgienne, le Centre de d\u00e9tention Khao-I-Dang a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 en novembre 1979 apr\u00e8s la chute des Khmers rouges. Administr\u00e9 par le minist\u00e8re tha\u00eflandais\r\n\t\t\t\tde l'int\u00e9rieur et le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour servir de centre de d\u00e9tention provisoire pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en attendant qu'ils soient rapatri\u00e9s au Cambodge ou r\u00e9install\u00e9s dans des tiers pays.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c4b27391-2c49-49ae-a058-181ce0416698.jpg\" title=\"Vietnamiens, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\" alt=\"Vietnamiens, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/ee994d29-8b1e-4b75-8cac-c71d9c5e2f31.jpeg\" title=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens\" alt=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Vilien Chen et son p\u00e8re dans un article du Vancouver Province de 1979. L'article d\u00e9crit l'arriv\u00e9e \u00e0 Vancouver de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens en provenance de Hong Kong. Vilien a trois ans sur la photographie. Image: Vilien Chen\/Passages Canada.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/65b85bf0-758b-42e9-bd23-699060855b57.jpg\" title=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'asie du sud-est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\" alt=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'asie du sud-est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>La base militaire de Griesbach \u00e0 Edmonton est l'un des nombreux points d'arriv\u00e9e des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'Asie du Sud-Est.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3c563a21-b242-43dc-a675-9bda1c22be21.jpg\" title=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'asie du sud-est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\" alt=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'asie du sud-est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>La base militaire de Griesbach \u00e0 Edmonton est l'un des nombreux points d'arriv\u00e9e des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'Asie du Sud-Est.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef.jpg\" title=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'asie du sud-est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\" alt=\"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'asie du sud-est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>La base militaire de Griesbach \u00e0 Edmonton est l'un des nombreux points d'arriv\u00e9e des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l'Asie du Sud-Est.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/edfd805b-57d5-4aaf-842a-a1d974a28763.jpg\" title=\"Accueil et int\u00e9gration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens au Canada, 1979\" alt=\"Accueil et int\u00e9gration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s vietnamiens au Canada, 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Afin de faciliter l'int\u00e9gration des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s nouvellement arriv\u00e9s au Canada, le Centre d'orientation et de formation des immigr\u00e9s (COPI) met sur pied des classes de langue et des sorties, pendant lesquelles les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuvent apprendre \u00e0 conna\u00eetre\r\n\t\t\t\tleur nouveau pays, leurs habitants et les coutumes locales. <\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\">Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/a><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">Suivant<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Ceci contraste fortement avec l\u2019action humanitaire du Canada lorsqu\u2019il accueille des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du Sud-est asiatique, dont des \u00ab&nbsp;<em>boat people <\/em>\u00bb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/cambodians\">cambodgiens<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/vietnamese\/\">vietnamiens<\/a>\tet <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/laotian-canadians\">laotiens<\/a> durant les ann\u00e9es 1970 et 1980. Touch\u00e9s par la d\u00e9tresse des centaines de milliers de personnes qui fuient le communisme en prenant la mer avec des bateaux de\r\n\tfortune, beaucoup de Canadiens offrent de payer leur voyage jusqu\u2019au Canada. Entre 1978 et les ann\u00e9es 1980, quelque 200 000 Asiatiques du Sud-est s\u2019installent au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TOtzPfIt_CA\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><\/iframe>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1986, en reconnaissance de sa contribution exceptionnelle \u00e0 la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le Canada re\u00e7oit la m\u00e9daille Nansen du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (UNHCR).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/105edc1e-d9f3-4f0f-bdc3-3f44c8df110f.jpg\" title=\"La M\u00e9daille Nansen\" alt=\"La M\u00e9daille Nansen\">\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/368e24c7-bab2-4aed-ab23-22b3004eed11.jpg\" title=\"La gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 acceptant la M\u00e9daille Nansen, 1986\" alt=\"La gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 acceptant la M\u00e9daille Nansen, 1986\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>En 1986, la M\u00e9daille Nansen est d\u00e9cern\u00e9e au peuple canadien en reconnaissance \u00e0 sa contribution essentielle et constante \u00e0 la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, tant dans leur pays qu'\u00e0 travers le monde.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e450fd02-69d6-4021-8f68-a387852ed8ce.jpg\" title=\"La gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 acceptant la M\u00e9daille Nansen, 1986\" alt=\"La gouverneure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 acceptant la M\u00e9daille Nansen, 1986\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>En 1986, la M\u00e9daille Nansen est d\u00e9cern\u00e9e au peuple canadien en reconnaissance \u00e0 sa contribution essentielle et constante \u00e0 la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, tant dans leur pays qu'\u00e0 travers le monde.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\">Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/a><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">Suivant<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>21<sup>e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle&nbsp;: r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et demandeurs d\u2019asile de la p\u00e9riode r\u00e9cente<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Des ann\u00e9es 1990 au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2010, le Canada adopte plusieurs politiques ayant pour but de restreindre le nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Apr\u00e8s les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canada-and-911\/\">attentats du 11 septembre<\/a>, la\r\n\ts\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale devient prioritaire et de nouvelles ressources sont attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 la surveillance des fronti\u00e8res. Il y a aussi une tentative g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de r\u00e9duire le nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de demandeurs d\u2019asile. Pour cette raison, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont souvent\r\n\tpr\u00e9sent\u00e9s, \u00e0 tort, comme ayant partie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la criminalit\u00e9 et au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/anti-terrorism-act\/\">terrorisme<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Cette attitude est particuli\u00e8rement caract\u00e9ristique du gouvernement <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/conservative-party\">conservateur<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/stephen-joseph-harper\">Stephen Harper<\/a>.\r\n\tEn 2009-2010, des centaines de demandeurs d\u2019asile tamouls du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/sinhalese\/\">Sri Lanka<\/a> arrivent au Canada \u00e0 bord du MV <em>Ocean Lady<\/em> et du MV <em>Sun Sea<\/em>. Le gouvernement r\u00e9agit en\r\n\tpla\u00e7ant les demandeurs d\u2019asile en d\u00e9tention; certaines familles sont emprisonn\u00e9es pendant des ann\u00e9es sans grand soutien. Les demandeurs d\u2019asile tamouls sont d\u00e9crits comme des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00ab&nbsp;non l\u00e9gitimes&nbsp;\u00bb li\u00e9s au trafic de personnes et au terrorisme.\r\n\tN\u00e9anmoins, nombre de ces demandeurs d\u2019asile seront par la suite reconnus comme r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me canadien de d\u00e9termination du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9, car on consid\u00e8re qu\u2019ils risquent de subir des pers\u00e9cutions de la part du gouvernement du\r\n\tSri Lanka.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La guerre civile destructrice qui se poursuit en Syrie a amen\u00e9 plus de 4millions de personnes \u00e0 fuir le pays, et plus de 7 millions d\u2019autres sont toujours d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la Syrie m\u00eame. En novembre 2015, le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/prime-minister\">premier ministre<\/a>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/justin-trudeau\">Justin Trudeau<\/a>, qui vient d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9lu \u00e0 la t\u00eate d\u2019un nouveau gouvernement lib\u00e9ral, annonce sa r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la crise des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens&nbsp;: le Canada s\u2019engage \u00e0 accueillir\r\n\t25 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens avant la fin de 2015. Les citoyens canadiens accroissent leur soutien aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, par des aides financi\u00e8res priv\u00e9es, la contribution \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s de r\u00e9insertion ou la cr\u00e9ation de cliniques sanitaires et juridiques pour les\r\n\tr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. En 2017, le Canada re\u00e7oit quelque 54 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens. Si le Canada a accueilli plus de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens que les \u00c9tats-Unis, ce nombre reste inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la contribution de plusieurs pays du Moyen-Orient et d\u2019Europe. Par exemple, en 2017,\r\n\ton estime que 3,4 millions de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7us en Turquie, et un autre million au Liban. En Europe, l\u2019Allemagne a re\u00e7u plus d\u2019un demi million de demandeurs d\u2019asile, tandis que la Su\u00e8de, un pays dont la population repr\u00e9sente moins du tiers\r\n\tde celle du Canada, a re\u00e7u 110 000 migrants. (<em>Voir <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">R\u00e9ponse canadienne \u00e0 la crise des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c0 la suite de l\u2019\u00e9lection de Donald Trump \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence des \u00c9tats-Unis en 2017, des milliers de demandeurs d\u2019asile se pr\u00e9sentent \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re canado-am\u00e9ricaine pour demander le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Ces demandeurs d\u2019asile veulent se r\u00e9fugier au Canada\r\n\ten raison de la rh\u00e9torique hostile et des politiques d\u2019immigration du nouveau r\u00e9gime, qui risquent de leur porter pr\u00e9judice. Beaucoup de ces migrants traversent ill\u00e9galement la fronti\u00e8re afin de contourner l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Entente sur les tiers pays s\u00fbrs entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis (ETPS)<\/a>.\r\n\tDes migrants en situation irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re traversent souvent dans des points de passage non officiels, comme le chemin Roxham, o\u00f9 ils sont arr\u00eat\u00e9s par la police. (<em>Voir <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-irreguliere\">Immigration irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re au Canada<\/a>.)\r\n\tToutefois, une fois au Canada, ils peuvent faire une demande de statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et plaider leur cause devant un tribunal. L\u2019ETPS est ren\u00e9goci\u00e9 en mars 2023, imposant des limites aux migrants en situation irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re en mati\u00e8re de demande d\u2019asile.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>Le saviez-vous?<br><\/strong>L\u2019ETPS consid\u00e8re les \u00c9tats-Unis comme un \u00ab&nbsp;tiers pays s\u00fbr&nbsp;\u00bb, o\u00f9 les demandeurs d\u2019asile peuvent faire une demande de statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Pour cette raison, les demandeurs d\u2019asile arrivant des \u00c9tats-Unis ne\r\n\t\tpeuvent demander protection en tant que r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans un poste-fronti\u00e8re officiel. Cependant, il y a des voix qui soutiennent que les politiques des \u00c9tats-Unis sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont plus dures, exposant les demandeurs d\u2019asile au risque.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2018, le Canada a re\u00e7u plus de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s que tout autre pays. Selon le rapport annuel sur les tendances globales publi\u00e9 par le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (UNHCR), le Canada a accueilli 28 100 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sur les 92 400 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\r\n\tqui se sont install\u00e9s dans 25 pays. Le rapport indique aussi que plus de 18 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont devenus citoyens canadiens cette ann\u00e9e, faisant du Canada le pays ayant le deuxi\u00e8me taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 obtenir la citoyennet\u00e9.<\/p>","slug":"refugies","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"fr","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2020-10-26T21:22:02.000000Z"},{"id":"9def96f8-ef27-4874-ac6e-7103ca981503","article_id":"79580","title":"Refugees to Canada [\u0411\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443]","summary":"<p>\u0411\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0421\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u0438\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/a> \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0430, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0432\u044a\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443 (<em>\u0441\u043c.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432<\/a>).<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/1a24d8b0-121d-48c7-b40d-277ea85b14b6.jpg\" title=\"\u0412\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445, 1984\" alt=\"\u0412\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445, 1984\">\r\n\t<figcaption>\u0416\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u043b\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0427\u0438 \u041c\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0413\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0435.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430\u0445<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong><em>\u041c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/em><\/strong> \u041c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0437\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \r\n \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>\u041b\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/strong>, \u0438\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435. \u041b\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0438\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435, <em>\u2014<\/em> \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0438\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>\u0411\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446<\/strong>. \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 (\u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d) \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \r\n \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0412 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 1951 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00ab\u043b\u0438\u0446\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \r\n \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439\u00bb.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>XVI-XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432-\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b \u0432 XV \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0439 \r\n \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\/\">\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/a> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/american-revolution\/\">\u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a> (1775\u20141773).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\">\u043b\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b<\/a> \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445<\/a> \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435. \r\n \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044b. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/quakers\/\">\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/mennonites\/\">\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b, \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f<\/a> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/dc264d6d-7df5-4bbb-a9b4-728f34d7ad7f.jpg\" title=\"\u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\" alt=\"\u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b 1812 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 500 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0425\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0441. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0425\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0441-\u041f\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0434\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434 (\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0420\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0438, 1835 \u0433\u043e\u0434, \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b\/C-115424).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/ee6791f8-0e4e-40a0-b993-ad09823228ad.jpg\" title=\"\u0420\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u041f\u0438\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0442, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0445\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u041f\u0438\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0442, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u0418\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0420\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u041f\u0438\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0442\u0430 (\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0430, \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0435\u043c\/1.E.2.4-CGR2).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/9bba649e-f07c-410c-bca1-4df7455a9312.jpg\" title=\"\u041f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\" alt=\"\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u041c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435 (\u043b\u044e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b\/C-8882, \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e 1902 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b\" alt=\"\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b-\u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443, 1898 \u0433\u043e\u0434 (\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b\/C-5208).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435<\/a><\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0414\u043e 1860 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0421\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0428\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/underground-railroad\/\">\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435.<\/a> \r\n\u0417\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 30 000 \u0430\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 1890-\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 1900-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u2014 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/doukhobors\/\">\u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b<\/a>. \u041e\u0431\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0445. \r\n \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0430\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043b\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>19-20 \u0432\u0435\u043a: \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u041d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">\u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/a> \u0432 XIX\u2014XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b \u0438 \r\n \u044d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (<em>\u0441\u043c.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">\u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432<\/a>). \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c. \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b<\/a> \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439 \r\n \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443, \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e. \u0412 1885 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\">\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433<\/a> \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443. \u0412 1924 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439<\/a>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \r\n \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0412 1930-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438<\/a>, \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u044e\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e. \u0412 1939 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \r\n \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\/\">\u0441\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u00ab<em>\u0421\u0435\u043d\u0442-\u041b\u0443\u0438\u0441<\/em><\/a>\u00bb, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\r\n. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/anti-semitism\/\">\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/a> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443, \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 4000 \r\n \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438 240 000 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 85 000, \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u2014 25 000, \u0430 \u041c\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 40 000 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c, \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \r\n \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044b. \u0421\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443, \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c. \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 (\u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411) \u043f\u043e \r\n \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430: \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/cold-war\">\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b<\/a>. \u041a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0443 1960-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \r\n \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412 1969 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044e \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 1951 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0439 1967 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0412 1956 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/hungarians\/\">\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/a> \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f, \r\n \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 37 500 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443. \u0418\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/cold-war\/\">\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b<\/a> \u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0443 \r\n \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437 \u0438 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0438\u044e. \u0412 1968 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0427\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 11 000 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/czechs\/\">\u0447\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432<\/a> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443. \u0412 1972 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 7000 \u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438, \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0418\u0434\u0438 \u0410\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/19010781-237b-4709-8f12-9e17e6d269a4.jpg\" title=\"\u0412\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b\" alt=\"\u0412\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b\">\r\n\t<figcaption>\u0412\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0432 1957 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043e\u043c (\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u041e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043e 476).<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/americans\/\">\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435<\/a> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0443\u00bb, \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443, \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/vietnam-war\/\">\u0432\u043e \u0412\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435<\/a>. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435. \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/latin-americans\/\">\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438<\/a> \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438\r\n, \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0427\u0438\u043b\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0410\u0443\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e \u041f\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0432 1973 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \r\n \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 7000 \u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0437\u0430 30 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/bed54daf-26b0-4ceb-b67b-ab9a54137c18.jpg\" title=\"\u0412\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0446\u044b, \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445, 1978 \u0433\u043e\u0434\" alt=\"\u0412\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445, 1978\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u0411\u0435\u0433\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432 1975 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e-\u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435, \u0438 \u043a 1978 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432. \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \r\n 162 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0437\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/023a1f7c-86f7-4ab4-b54a-44ae0cf2a473.jpg\" title=\"\u041b\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u041f\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0443-\u0411\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0433, 1979 \u0433\u043e\u0434\" alt=\"\u041b\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u041f\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0443-\u0411\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0433, 1979 \u0433\u043e\u0434\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/883b4658-e18b-4ebd-9d0b-9437a57bfd8e.jpeg\" title=\"Pulau Bidong, \u043b\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430 MRCS \u0441 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u044f (\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438), 1979\" alt=\"\u041e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0411\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0433, \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e MRCS \u0441 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u044f (\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438), 1979\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f0b8a5dc-7603-4cc5-acff-82d619212f4a.jpg\" title=\"\u0412\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445\" alt=\"\u0412\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e-\u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435, \u0418\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0438\u044f, 1979 \u0433\u043e\u0434.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/95d34162-76c7-4213-89b0-944e29455e14.jpg\" title=\"\u041a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b, 1981\" alt=\"\u041a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b, 1981\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u0414\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043b\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u043e \u0418\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0433, \u0422\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434, 1981 \u0433\u043e\u0434.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/7cde5a91-8730-4916-b8a0-cebbedda17cf.jpg\" title=\"\u041a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b\" alt=\"\u041a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u0422\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441 \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0439, \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043e-\u0418-\u0414\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u0435 1979 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u00ab\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u00bb. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b \u0422\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \r\n \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0443, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c4b27391-2c49-49ae-a058-181ce0416698.jpg\" title=\"\u0412\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b\" alt=\"\u0412\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u0412\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b-\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u0414\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c. \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0437 161 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0435 \u00ab\u0425\u0430\u0439 \u0425\u043e\u043d\u0433\u00bb \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0432 1978 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/ee994d29-8b1e-4b75-8cac-c71d9c5e2f31.jpeg\" title=\"\u0412\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b\" alt=\"\u0412\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u0412\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d \u0427\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0446 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 1979 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u0412\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u0437 \u0413\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0430. \u041d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. <\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/65b85bf0-758b-42e9-bd23-699060855b57.jpg\" title=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u042e\u0433\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431-\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u00ab\u0413\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u0445\u00bb, \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442 1979 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\" alt=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u042e\u0433\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431-\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u00ab\u0413\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u0445\u00bb, \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442 1979 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u042d\u0434\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0435, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u042e\u0433\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3c563a21-b242-43dc-a675-9bda1c22be21.jpg\" title=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u042e\u0433\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431-\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u00ab\u0413\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u0445\u00bb, \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442 1979 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\" alt=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u042e\u0433\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431-\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u00ab\u0413\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u0445\u00bb, \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442 1979 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u042d\u0434\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0435, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u042e\u0433\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef.jpg\" title=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u042e\u0433\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431-\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u00ab\u0413\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u0445\u00bb, \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442 1979 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\" alt=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u042e\u0433\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431-\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u00ab\u0413\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u0445\u00bb, \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442 1979 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u042d\u0434\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0435, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u042e\u0433\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/edfd805b-57d5-4aaf-842a-a1d974a28763.jpg\" title=\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435, 1979\" alt=\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435, 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u0430\u044f\u043c\u0438. \r\n<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\">\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434<\/a> <a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u042e\u0433\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/cambodians\">\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0446\u0435\u0432<\/a><\/a> \r\n \u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/laotian-canadians\">\u043b\u0430\u043e\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432<\/a>, \u00ab\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445\u00bb \u0432 1970\u20141980-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \r\n \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u044b, \u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443. \u0421 1978 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e 1980-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 200 000 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u042e\u0433\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/v4nKkqdnVCM\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0412 1986 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 (\u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411) \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044e \u041d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/105edc1e-d9f3-4f0f-bdc3-3f44c8df110f.jpg\" title=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430\" alt=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u041c\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c \u041d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411 \u041e\u041e\u041d, \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/368e24c7-bab2-4aed-ab23-22b3004eed11.jpg\" title=\"\u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b-\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0416\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044e \u041d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430, 1986 \u0433\u043e\u0434\" alt=\"\u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b-\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0416\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044e \u041d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430, 1986\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u041c\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c \u041d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0432 1986 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e450fd02-69d6-4021-8f68-a387852ed8ce.jpg\" title=\"\u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b-\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0416\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044e \u041d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430, 1986 \u0433\u043e\u0434\" alt=\"\u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b-\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0416\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044e \u041d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430, 1986\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>\u041c\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c \u041d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0432 1986 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435<\/a><\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>21 \u0432\u0435\u043a: \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0430<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0421 1990-\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e 2010-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\/\">11 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f<\/a> \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \r\n \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0446, \u0438\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/anti-terrorism-act\/\">\u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \r\n \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435<\/a> \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/stephen-joseph-harper\">\u0421\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/a> \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \r\n \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. <em>\u0412 2009\u20142010 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0438\u0437 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sinhalese\/\">\u0428\u0440\u0438-\u041b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438<\/a> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0445 MV <em>Ocean Lady<\/em> \u0438 MV Sun Sea.<\/em> \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e \r\n \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0430; \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438\u00bb \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \r\n \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0428\u0440\u0438-\u041b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0421\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 4 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 7 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0421\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u0435 2015 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u043e \r\n \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prime-minister\">\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0440-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/justin-trudeau\">\u0414\u0436\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0422\u0440\u044e\u0434\u043e<\/a> \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0421\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0438\r\n. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c 25 000 \u0441\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0443 2015 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \r\n\u041a 2017 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 54 000 \u0441\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0421\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0428\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0411\u043b\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 2017 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0438 \r\n \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c 3,4 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0430 \u0432 \u041b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u2014 \u0435\u0449\u0435 1 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d. \u0412 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0430, \u0430 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438 \r\n \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 110 000 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. (<em>\u0421\u043c. \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b<\/em> \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441 \u0441\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432<\/a>\u00bb).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0421 2017 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0430 \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e-\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0438\u0449\u0443\u0442 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \r\n \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irregular-immigration\">\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438<\/a> \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">\u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \r\n \u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 (STCA<\/a>). \u041d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0445\u044d\u043c-\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0434, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f. \r\n \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0432 \u0432 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443, \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430. \u0412 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 2023 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f STCA \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>\u0417\u041d\u0410\u0415\u0422\u0415 \u041b\u0418 \u0412\u042b? <br><\/strong>STCA \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u00ab\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0439\u00bb \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443. \r\n\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0446, \u0438\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0449\u0435, \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0412 2018 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u043e \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 (\u0423\u0412\u041a\u0411), \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 28 100 \u0438\u0437 92 400 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 25 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445. \r\n \u0412 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 18 000 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.<\/p>","slug":"bezency","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"ru","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":2,"created_at":"2025-01-10T15:39:16.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-10T15:39:16.000000Z"},{"id":"9e002cdf-08a2-4c4d-be1f-8b821ff78d55","article_id":"79580","title":"Refugees to Canada [Mga Refugee sa Canada]","summary":"<p>Ang mga refugi ay mga migrante na tumakas sa kanilang mga bansa na pinagmulan upang makatakas sa pag-uusig o panganib at nakahanap ng tirahan sa ibang bansa. Sa paglipas ng panahon, ang Canada ang naging landing ground para sa maraming mga migrante na naghahanap ng kanlungan mula sa buong mundo. <em>Gayunpaman, pinigilan din <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">ang mga diskriminasyong patakaran sa \r\n imigr<\/a> asyon ang ilang mga naghahanap ng pagpapasok sa Canada na nangangailangan ng proteksyon (tingnan sa Can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">adian Refugee Policy<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/1a24d8b0-121d-48c7-b40d-277ea85b14b6.jpg\" title=\"Mga tao sa bangka ng Vietnamese, 1984\" alt=\"Mga tao sa bangka ng Vietnamese, 1984\">\r\n\t<figcaption>Isang babae at ang kanyang sanggol sa kampo ng Chi Ma Wan, Hong Kong.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Pangunahing Konsepto tungkol sa Paglipat at Mga Refu<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Migrante<\/strong> <em>\u2014 Ang<\/em> mga migrante ay malawakang tinukoy bilang ipinanganak sa dayuhan o mga dayuhang mamamayan na kasalukuyang nasa isang bansa maliban sa kanilang bansang pinagmulan Ang mga migrante ay maaari ring tukuyin lamang bilang mga taong lumipat mula sa isang lugar patungo sa isa pa, kabilang ang sa mga inter \r\n nasyonal na hangganan.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Ang naghahanap ng as<\/strong> <em>ilo - Ang<\/em> mga naghahanap ng asilo ay mga migrante na naghahanap ng proteksyon sa labas ng kanilang mga bansa na pin Gayunpaman, hindi katulad ng mga refugi, hindi pa naaprubahan ang mga kahilingan ng mga naghahanap ng pagpapanatili para<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Refugee -<\/strong> Tinutukoy ng United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) ang mga refugi bilang mga tumakas mula sa salungatan at pag-uusig upang humingi ng proteksyon sa ibang bansa. Dahil dito, ang mga refugi ay karaniwang mga naghahanap ng pagpapatun \r\n go na binigyan ng karapatang magpatuloy sa ibang bansa (katayuan ng refugee).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tinutukoy ng 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugee ang mga refugi bilang: \u201cisang taong hindi o hindi nais na bumalik sa kanilang bansang pinagmulan dahil sa isang matatag na takot na mauusig para sa mga kadahilanan ng lahi, relihiyon, nasyonalidad, kasapi ng isang parti \r\n kular na grupo sa lipunan, o opinyon sa politika.\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Ika-16 hanggang ika-19 na siglo: Mga Maagang Kohort ng Refugee sa Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang Canada ay isang bansa ng mga migrante ng mga setler. Kasama sa mga migrante na ito ang mga orihinal na kolonisador ng bansa. Ang mga kolonisador na ito ay nagsimulang dumating mula sa Europa noong ika-15 siglo. Unti-unti, kinuha nila ang mga katutubong lupain. Matapos ang pagtatatag ng mga kolonya, ang unang pang \r\n unahing kohort ng mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\/\">imigran<\/a> te na dumating sa Canada ay dumating sa panahon at pagkatapos ng Rebolus <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/american-revolution\/\">yong Amerik<\/a> ano (1775\u201483).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loyalists\/\">Loyalista ng United Empire at Black Loyal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-loyalists-in-british-north-america\">ist ay itinuturing na kabilang<\/a> sa mga unang kontinentong refugee ng \r\n Canada. Ang mga Loyalista at Itim na Loyalista ay nakipagtagpo o nakipaglaban sa mga Britanya noong Rebolusyong Amerikano. Matapos ang pagkatalo ng Britanya, marami ang tumakas sa Canada upang maiwasan ang pag-uusig dahil sa kanilang pampulitikang pakikipag-aang. Kasama rin sa mga Loyalista ang mga \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/quakers\/\">Quaker, Mennonite, at<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/mennonites\/\">iba pang mga nonkonformista na nat<\/a> atakot sa pag-uusig ng bagong pamahalaan ng Amerika.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/dc264d6d-7df5-4bbb-a9b4-728f34d7ad7f.jpg\" title=\"Mga Itim na Loyalista\" alt=\"Mga Itim na Loyalista\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Matapos ang Digmaan ng 1812, mahigit 500 itim na tao ang nanirahan sa Hammonds Plains. Ang pagpipinta na ito ay nagpapakita ng isang itim na pamilya sa Hammonds Plains Road, na may Bedford Basin sa background (watercolor ni Robert Petley, 1835, kabutihang Library and Archives Canada\/C-115424).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/ee6791f8-0e4e-40a0-b993-ad09823228ad.jpg\" title=\"Richard Pierpoint, Itim na Loyalista\" alt=\"Richard Pierpoint, Itim na Loyalista\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Isang ilustrasyon ng Black Loyalist na si Richard Pierpoint (likhang sining ni Malcolm Jones, sa kagandahang-loob ng Canadian War Museum\/1.e.2.4-CGR2).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/9bba649e-f07c-410c-bca1-4df7455a9312.jpg\" title=\"Peter Verigin, pinuno ng relihiyon\" alt=\"Peter Verigin, pinuno ng relihiyon\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Ang makapangyarihang at imahinahinang pagkatao ni Verigin ay nagbibigay-daan sa mga Doukhobor na panatilihin ang kanilang mahirap na unang dekada sa Canada (kabutihang Library and Archives Canada\/C-8882, larawan 1902).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/091bb7ea-83fe-43b5-be6b-4c2b8f321c7f.jpg\" title=\"Russian Doukhobors\" alt=\"Russian Doukhobors\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Mga naninirahan ng Russian Doukhobor sa isang barko patungo sa Canada, 1898 (Pambansang Archive ng Canada\/C-5208).<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\">Nakaraan Sus<\/a> <a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">unod<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Bago ang 1860, libu-libong mga taong nakatakas na Itim na alipin ay tumakas din sa Estados Unidos upang dumating sa Canada. Para sa mga tumatakas sa alipin, nakita ang Canada bilang huling hinto sa Un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/underground-railroad\/\">derground<\/a> Railroad. \r\nSa panahong ito, tinatayang 30,000 African Americans ang dumating sa Canada na naghahanap ng proteksyon.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sa susunod na henerasyon, dalawang grupo ng mga refugi, ang mga Mennonita at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/doukhobors\/\">Doukhobors<\/a>, ay dumating mula sa Russia noong huling bahagi ng 1890s at unang bahagi ng 1900. Ang parehong mga grupo ay inuusig sa ilalim ng mga \r\n tsar ng Russia. Ang pamahalaan ng Canada ay lubos na naghahanap ng mga magsasaka upang manirahan sa Kanluran at pangunahing inilipat ang mga pangkat na ito sa mga Lalawigan ng Prairie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Ika-19 hanggang ika-20 Siglo: Mga Patakaran ng Canada ng Pagbubukod sa Migrante<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Hindi lahat ng mga migrante ay katulad na tinatanggap sa lipunan ng Canada. Ang patakaran sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">paglipat ng Canada<\/a> noong ika-19 \u2014 ika-20 siglo ay madalas na naghihigpit sa batayan ng lahi at \r\n etniko na pinagmulan (tingnan sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-refugee-policy\">Canadian Refu <em>gee<\/em> Policy<\/a>). Ang mga patakarang ito sa diskriminasyon sa lahi ay ginamit upang tanggihan ang kanlungan para sa maraming mga migrante. \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Ang mga migrante<\/a> ng Tsino sa Canada ay partikular na ang target ng mga patakaran sa imigrasyon ng rasista. Maraming mga migrante ang umalis sa Tsina pagkatapos ng kaguluhan sa socio-ekonomiko at pampulitika da \r\n hil sa pagkagambala na dulot ng mga kapangyarihang imperyal sa Kanluranin. Gayunpaman, ang mga migrante ng Tsino ay nakikita bilang isang banta ng mga pulitiko ng Canada na naglalagay ng mga paghihigpit ng rasista sa paglipat Noong 1885, ang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\">Head Tax ay inil<\/a> agay bilang isang mamahaling buwis na nag-target lamang sa mga migrante ng Tsino na pumapasok sa Canada. Noong 1924, ipinasa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">ang Chinese Immigration Act<\/a> at ginawang halos ilegal ang imigr \r\n asyon ng Tsino maliban sa ilang mga kaso.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Noong 1930, nang ang mga Hudyong Aleman na naghahanap ng kanlungan mula sa pag-uusig ng Nazi ay humingi ng santuario sa Canada, ang pam <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">ah<\/a> alaan ng Canada ay hindi gaanong tumatanggap. Noong 1939, daan-daang mga Ju \r\n dio na mga refugagang nasa barko na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\/\">MS <em>St. Louis<\/em><\/a> ay pinalikan at kailangang bumalik sa Europa. Marami sa mga pasahero ang magtatapos sa pag-uusig at pinatay sa Europa na sinasakupan ng Nazi. \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/anti-semitism\/\">Ang anti-Semitism ay<\/a> tumagsak sa Canada, at walang kaunting suporta ng publiko para sa, at maraming pagsalungat sa, pagpasok ng mga refugi. Habang kalaunan ay tumanggap ng Canada ang hal \r\n os 4,000 mga refugagong Hudyo mula sa Europa, maliit ang bilang na ito kumpara sa ibang mga bansa. Tinanggap ng US ang 240,000, Britain 85,000, China 25,000, at Mexico at Colombia ang mga 40,000 sa pagitan nila.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang saloobin na ito ng pagbubukod ay hindi nagbago hanggang pagkatapos ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig nang naranasan ng Europa ang pinakamalaking serye ng migrasyon ng mga refugee Pagkatapos ay naging mas matatanggap ang Canada sa mga refugi, higit sa lahat dahil sa umuunlad na ekonomiya nito at sa pangangailangan na dagdagan ang manggagawa \r\n nito. Daan-daang libu-libong mga taong pinalipat ang dumating sa Canada, ang kanilang mga paglalakbay ay madalas na binabayaran ng pamahalaan ng Canada. Nagsimula rin ang Canada na gumaganap ng isang lalong aktibong papel sa organisasyon ng United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) sa muling paglilipat ng \r\n mga refugi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Huling bahagi ng ika-20 siglo: Mga Refugee mula sa Cold War<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Tinukoy ng Canada ang reputasyon nito ng pagtanggap ng mga refugi sa pan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/cold-war\">ahon ng Cold War<\/a>. Sa pagtatapos ng 1960, unti-unting lumayo ang pamahalaan ng Canada sa mga patakaran sa paglipat na diskriminasyong lahi\r\n. Noong 1969, nilagdaan din ang Canada sa 1951 UN Convention na may kaugnayan sa Katayuan ng Refugees at ang 1967 Protocol nito na kinokontrol ang batas sa internasyonal tungkol sa mga karapatang refugi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Noong 1956, sa loob ng mga buwan mula sa pag-aalsa ng H <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/hungarians\/\">ung<\/a> ary laban sa pananakop ng Sobyet, ang gobyerno ng Canada ay sumuko sa presyon sa domestic, lalo na mula sa mga pangkat etniko at relihiyoso, at inihayag na tatanggap \r\n in nito ang isang malaking bilang ng mga Hungarian na mga refugi. Mahigit sa 37,500 ang dumating sa Canada. Ang kanilang pagtanggap habang tumataas ang mga tensyon ng C <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/cold-war\/\">old War<\/a> ay nagbigay \r\n sa Kanluran ng pagkakataong puntahan ang Unyong Sobyet at ang pagsalakay ng mga alyado nito sa Hungary. Noong 1968, sa pagsalakay ng Sobyet sa Czechoslovakia noong Prague Spring, mga 11,000 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/czechs\/\">Cz<\/a> ech ay nag-reset sa Canada. Noong 1972, tinanggap din ng Canada ang 7,000 mga Ugandanong Timog Asyano na tumatakas sa mapagpigil na awtoritaryo na rehimeng ni Idi Amin.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/19010781-237b-4709-8f12-9e17e6d269a4.jpg\" title=\"Hungarian Refugee\" alt=\"Hungarian Refugee\">\r\n\t<figcaption>Ang mga tawagang Hungarian na dumating noong 1957 matapos ang demokratikong pag-aalsa sa Hungary ay durog ng mga Sobyet (Archive of Ontario 476).<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang isang mas kontrobersyal na grupo ng mga refugi ay ang mga lumal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/americans\/\">aban sa digmaan ng Amerika<\/a>. Kilala rin bilang \u201cdraft evaders\u201d, ang mga taong ito ay tumakas sa tabi ng hangganan upang makatakas sa sapilitang serbisyo sa Digma <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/vietnam-war\/\">ang \r\n Vietnam<\/a>. Bagaman ang ilan ay bumalik sa bahay pagkatapos ng digmaan, marami ang nagkaroon ng bagong buhay sa Canada. Parehong kontrobersyal ang mga Chilean at iba pang mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/latin-americans\/\">Latin American<\/a> na mga refugi \r\n na pinilit sa Chile. Napilitang tumakas ang mga refugagang ito dahil sa pagbagsak ni Augusto Pinochet sa pamahalaang Marxista ni Salvador Allende noong 1973. Gayunpaman, ayaw ng gobyerno ng Canada na iwasan ang mga administrasyong Amerikano o bagong Chile. Dahil dito, pinaghi \r\n gpitan ng Canada ang bilang ng mga pinahihintulutang entry, muling lumipat lamang ng halos 7,000 mga Chileans sa panahon ng 30-taong salungatan.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/bed54daf-26b0-4ceb-b67b-ab9a54137c18.jpg\" title=\"Mga tao sa bangka ng Vietnamese, 1978\" alt=\"Mga tao sa bangka ng Vietnamese, 1978\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Nagsimula ang paglipad ng mga Vietnamese refugee pagkatapos ng pagbagsak ng Saigon noong 1975. Sa kabila ng mga panganib ng hindi magiliw na tubig at piracy, sampu-sampu-sampung libo ang pumunta sa Dagat ng Timog Tsina, at noong 1978 ang exodo ay lumago sa dramatikong sukat. Ang pangkat na ito ng \r\n 162 katao ay dumating sa Malaysia sa isang maliit na bangka na lumubog ilang metro mula sa baybayin.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/023a1f7c-86f7-4ab4-b54a-44ae0cf2a473.jpg\" title=\"Kampo ng Refugees ng Pulau Bidong, 1979\" alt=\"Kampo ng Refugees ng Pulau Bidong, 1979\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/883b4658-e18b-4ebd-9d0b-9437a57bfd8e.jpeg\" title=\"Pulau Bidong, bangka ng MRCS kasama ang mga residente ng kampo (mga refugi), 1979\" alt=\"Pulau Bidong, bangka ng MRCS kasama ang mga residente ng kampo (mga refugi), 1979\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f0b8a5dc-7603-4cc5-acff-82d619212f4a.jpg\" title=\"Mga tao sa bangka ng Vietnamese\" alt=\"Mga tao sa bangka ng Vietnamese\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Mga tao sa bangka sa Dagat Timog Tsina, Indonesia, 1979.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/95d34162-76c7-4213-89b0-944e29455e14.jpg\" title=\"Mga Refugeto sa Cambodia, 1981\" alt=\"Mga Refugeto sa Cambodia, 1981\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Mga bata sa kampo ng Khao I Dang, Thailand, 1981.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/7cde5a91-8730-4916-b8a0-cebbedda17cf.jpg\" title=\"Mga refugi sa Cambodia\" alt=\"Mga refugi sa Cambodia\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Matatagpuan sa maliit na kakahuyan na kapatagan sa silangang Thailand ilang milya mula sa hangganan ng Cambodian, ang Khao-I-Dang Holding Center ay itinatag noong Nobyembre 1979 pagkatapos ng pagbagsak ng Khmer Rouge. Pinangangasiwaan ng Thai Ministry of the Interior at ng \r\n UNHCR, inilaan itong maglingkod bilang isang pansamantalang sentro ng paghawak para sa mga refugeto na alinman ay ibabalik sa Cambodia o muli sa mga ikatlong bansa.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/c4b27391-2c49-49ae-a058-181ce0416698.jpg\" title=\"Mga Refugee ng Vietnam\" alt=\"Mga Refugee ng Vietnam\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Nagdadala ng mga bata sa eroplano sa Dorval airport ng Montreal ang mga kababaihang refugee ng Vietnam. Isang grupo ng 161 na mga refugi ang dumating mula sa Malaysia matapos lumampas sa barkong \u201cHai Hong\u201d upang tumira sa Canada 1978.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/ee994d29-8b1e-4b75-8cac-c71d9c5e2f31.jpeg\" title=\"Mga Refugee ng Vietnam\" alt=\"Mga Refugee ng Vietnam\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Si Vilien Chen at ang kanyang ama ay nakalarawan sa isang artikulo sa Lalawigan ng Vancouver mula 1979 na tinatalakay ang pagdating ng mga Vietnamese refugee sa Vancouver mula sa Hong Kong. Si Vilien ay tatlong taong gulang sa larawan. <\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/65b85bf0-758b-42e9-bd23-699060855b57.jpg\" title=\"Pagtanggap ng mga refugi sa Timog Silangang Asya sa CFB Griesbach, Agosto 1979\" alt=\"Pagtanggap ng mga refugi sa Timog Silangang Asya sa CFB Griesbach, Agosto 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Griesbach Military Base sa Edmonton, isa sa mga punto ng pagdating para sa mga refugi sa Timog Silangang Asya.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/3c563a21-b242-43dc-a675-9bda1c22be21.jpg\" title=\"Pagtanggap ng mga refugi sa Timog Silangang Asya sa CFB Griesbach, Agosto 1979\" alt=\"Pagtanggap ng mga refugi sa Timog Silangang Asya sa CFB Griesbach, Agosto 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Griesbach Military Base sa Edmonton, isa sa mga punto ng pagdating para sa mga refugi sa Timog Silangang Asya.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef.jpg\" title=\"Pagtanggap ng mga refugi sa Timog Silangang Asya sa CFB Griesbach, Agosto 1979\" alt=\"Pagtanggap ng mga refugi sa Timog Silangang Asya sa CFB Griesbach, Agosto 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Griesbach Military Base sa Edmonton, isa sa mga punto ng pagdating para sa mga refugi sa Timog Silangang Asya.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/edfd805b-57d5-4aaf-842a-a1d974a28763.jpg\" title=\"Pag-reset at pagsasama ng mga Vietnamese refugee sa Canada, 1979\" alt=\"Pag-reset at pagsasama ng mga Vietnamese refugee sa Canada, 1979\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Upang mapadali ang pagsasama ng mga bagong dumating na mga refugi, ang Canadian C.O.P.I (Centre d&#39;orientaci\u00f3 et de formation des immigr\u00e9s) ay nag-aayos ng mga klase sa wika at paglabas kung saan makikilala ng mga refugi ang kanilang bagong bansa, mga tao at ang lokal na kaugalian. \r\n<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\">Nakaraan Sus<\/a> <a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">unod<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Ito ay matinding kaibahan sa makatao na aksyon ng Canada sa pagtanggap ng mga refugi mula sa Timog-Silangang Asya kabilang ang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/cambodians\">mga \u201cbangkang tao\u201d ng Cambo<\/a> dia, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vietnamese\/\">Vietnamese<\/a>, \r\n at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/laotian-canadians\">Laotian<\/a> noong 1970\u20141980. Hinawakan ng kalagayan ng daan-daang libo na tumatakas mula sa komunismo sa pamamagitan ng pagdadala sa mataas na dagat sa mga hindi ligtas na bangka, maraming mga taga-Canada ang nag-alok na \r\n i-sponsor ang kanilang paglalakbay patungo sa Canada. Mula 1978 patuloy at hanggang sa dekada 1980, halos 200,000 mga Refugee na Timog Silangang Asya ang na-reset sa Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/v4nKkqdnVCM\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<p>Noong 1986, bilang pagkilala sa pambihirang kontribusyon nito sa proteksyon ng mga refugi, ginawaran ang Canada ng Nansen Medal ng United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"slider\">\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider\">\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/105edc1e-d9f3-4f0f-bdc3-3f44c8df110f.jpg\" title=\"Gantimpala sa Nansen\" alt=\"Gantimpala sa Nansen\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Ang Nansen Medal ng UNHCR, na iginawad taun-taon bilang pagkilala sa pambihirang pangako sa pagtulong sa mga refugi sa bahagi ng isang indibidwal o samahan.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/368e24c7-bab2-4aed-ab23-22b3004eed11.jpg\" title=\"Gobernador Heneral ng Canada na si Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 na tumatanggap ng Nansen Award, 1986\" alt=\"Gobernador Heneral ng Canada na si Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 na tumatanggap ng Nansen Award, 1986\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Ang Medalya ng Nansen na iginawad sa mga Tao ng Canada noong 1986, bilang pagkilala sa kanilang mahalaga at patuloy na kontribusyon sa sanhi ng mga refugi sa loob ng kanilang bansa at sa buong mundo.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e450fd02-69d6-4021-8f68-a387852ed8ce.jpg\" title=\"Gobernador Heneral ng Canada na si Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 na tumatanggap ng Nansen Award, 1986\" alt=\"Gobernador Heneral ng Canada na si Jeanne Sauv\u00e9 na tumatanggap ng Nansen Award, 1986\">\r\n\t\t\t<figcaption>Ang Medalya ng Nansen na iginawad sa mga Tao ng Canada noong 1986, bilang pagkilala sa kanilang mahalaga at patuloy na kontribusyon sa sanhi ng mga refugi sa loob ng kanilang bansa at sa buong mundo.<\/figcaption>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"bxslider-controls\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-prev\">Nakaraan Sus<\/a> <a href=\"#\" class=\"bx-next\">unod<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Ika-21 Siglo: Mga Refugeto at Mga Naghahanap ng Asilang<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Mula noong dekada 1990\u2014unang bahagi ng 2010, nagpatupad ng Canada ang isang bilang ng mga patakaran na naglalayong bawasan ang bilang ng mga refugi. Pagkatapos ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\/\">9\/11 at ang pagtaas ng pagtu<\/a> on sa pambansang seguridad, mas maraming mapagkukunan ang nai \r\n iba upang palakasin ang pagpapatupad ng hangganan. Nagkaroon din ng pangkalahatang pagtatangka upang mabawasan ang bilang ng mga refugi at naghahanap ng patulungan. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/anti-terrorism-act\/\">Bilang resulta, ang mga refugi ay madalas na maling inilalarawan bilang nauugnay sa krimen, at \r\n terorismo.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang pamah <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\">alaang Konserv<\/a> atibo sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/stephen-joseph-harper\">ilalim ni Stephen Harper<\/a> ay partikular na nailalarawan ng saloob \r\n in Noong 2009\u20142010, daan-daang mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sinhalese\/\">Sri Lankan<\/a> Tamil na naghahanap ng asil ang dumating sa Canada sa MV <em>Ocean Lady at<\/em> MV <em>Sun<\/em> Sea. Tumugon ang gobyerno sa pamamagitan ng pagpigil sa \r\n mga nag-aangkin ng mga refugee; sa ilang pamilya ay nakakulong sa loob ng maraming taon nang walang labis na suporta. Ang mga refugiados ng Tamil ay inilalarawan bilang nauugnay sa terorismo at kontrabandang tao, at hindi bilang \u201clehitimong\u201d mga refugi. Gayunpaman, marami sa mga nag-aangkin mula noon \r\n ay natagpuan na mga refugi sa pamamagitan ng sistema ng pagpapasiya ng mga refugee ng Canada dahil sa batayan na sila ay nasa panganib na sila ng paglabo sa karapatang pantao ng pamahalaan ng Sri Lanka.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kasunod ng mapanirang at patuloy na Digmaang Sibil ng Syria, higit sa 4 milyong katao ang nalilipat dahil sa salungatan at higit sa 7 milyon ang patuloy na nagpapalaw sa loob ng Syria. Noong Nobyembre 2015, inihayag ng isang bagong nahalal na gobyerno ng Liberal sa il \r\n alim ng Punong <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prime-minister\">Minist<\/a> ro na si <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/justin-trudeau\">Justin Trudeau<\/a> ang tugon nito sa pag-reset nito sa krisis ng mga refugi sa Syrian \r\n Nakatuon ang pamahalaan na muling ilipat ang 25,000 mga refugiados ng Syria sa huling bahagi ng 2015. Nadagdagan ng ordinaryong mga Canadian ang kanilang suporta, kabilang ang pribadong pag-sponsor ng mga refugi, pagtulong sa mga aktibidad sa pag-reset, at pag-set up ng mga klinika sa kalusugan at ligal na mga refugee \r\nNoong 2017, tinanggap ng Canada ang humigit-kumulang 54,000 mga refugiados ng Syria sa Canada. Habang tinanggap ng Canada ang mas maraming mga refugagong Syrian kaysa sa Estados Unidos, ang bilang na ito ay nalilipan ng mga pagsisikap ng maraming mga bansa sa Gitnang Silangan at Europa. Halimbawa, noong 2017, \r\n mayroong tinatayang 3.4 milyong mga refugiado ng Syria sa Turkey at isang karagdagang 1 milyon sa Lebanon. Sa Europa, ang Alemanya ay nagbigay ng tirahan sa higit sa kalahating milyong naghahanap ng pagpapatungo habang ang Sweden, isang bansa na may populasyon na mas mababa sa isang ikatlo ng laki \r\n ng Canada, ay tumanggap ng 110,000 migrante. (<em>Tingnan ang<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">Tugon ng Canada sa Syrian Refugee Crisis<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Mula noong 2017 at ang halalan ng administrasyon ni Pangulong Donald Trump sa US, libu-libong mga naghahanap ng tirahan ang nagpakita ng kanilang sarili sa hangganan ng US-Canada upang mag-claim ng katayuan ng refugee. Ang mga naghahanap ng pagpapatungo na ito ay naghahanap ng kanlungan sa Canada bilang reaksyon \r\n sa pagkaaway na retorika at patakaran ng administrasyon tungkol sa paglipat na maaaring makapinsala sa kanila. Marami sa mga migrante na ito ang nagsag <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irregular-immigration\">awa ng mga hindi regular na<\/a> paglalakbay sa hangganan ng Canada-US upang maiwasan ang <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Canada-United States Safe \r\n Third Country Agreement (STCA)<\/a>. Tumawid ang mga hindi regular na migrante sa mga hindi opisyal na puntos ng pagpasok tulad ng sa Roxham road \r\n kung saan sila pinahinto ng pulisya. Gayunpaman, sa sandaling nasa Canada, ang mga migrante na ito ay maaaring mag-apply para sa katayuan ng refugee at marinig ang kanilang mga kaso. Noong Marso 2023, muling inayos ang STCA, na naghihigpit sa kakayahan ng mga hindi regular na migrante na mag-apply ng pagpapakilangan.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n\t<p><strong>ALAM MO BA? <br><\/strong>Itinuturing ng STCA ang US na isang \u201cligtas na ikatlong bansa\u201d para sa mga naghahanap ng patulungan na mag-apply para sa katayuan ng refugee. Dahil dito, maraming mga naghahanap ng tirahan na pumapasok mula sa US ay hindi maaaring mag-aplay para sa proteksyon ng mga refugee sa isang opisyal na pagtawag sa hanggan \r\nGayunpaman, nagtatalo ng mga kritiko na ang US ay may mas mahigpit na patakaran sa mga refugi na naglalagay sa panganib ng mga naghah<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>Noong 2018, nag-reset ng Canada ng mas maraming mga refugi kaysa sa anumang ibang bansa. Ayon sa taunang ulat ng pandaigdigang trend na inilabas ng United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), kinuha ng Canada ang 28,100 sa 92,400 na mga refugi na nai-reset sa 25 bansa. \r\n Ipinapakita rin ng ulat na mahigit 18,000 mga refugi ang naging mamamayan ng Canada noong taong iyon, na ginagawa itong bansa na may pangalawang pinakamataas na rate ng mga refugi na nakakuha ng pagkamamamamayan.<\/p>","slug":"mgatlrefugi","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"tl","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-18T21:31:40.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-18T21:31:40.000000Z"}]},{"id":"90119","author_text":"","revisor":"Clayton Ma","major_update":null,"trigger_warning":0,"views":0,"shares":0,"type":"article","itunes_songs":"","indigo":"","itunes_title_en":"","itunes_title_fr":"","indigo_title_en":"","indigo_title_fr":"","status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-06-15T14:12:37.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"Politique d'immigration qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise","slug":"politique-dimmigration-du-quebec","alt_slug":"","summary":"<p>La politique d\u2019immigration qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise est souvent diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e de celle du Canada (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-policy\">Politique d\u2019immigration du Canada<\/a>) et se distingue \u00e9galement de celle des\r\n\tautres provinces. Ces distinctions qu\u00e9b\u00e9coises s\u2019appuient essentiellement sur des fondements historiques, linguistiques et culturels. En d\u00e9pit de cette distinction, l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a>\toccupe une place tout aussi importante dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise que dans les autres provinces. Entre 2015 et 2019, le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a> accueille pr\u00e8s de 250 000 personnes immigrantes\r\n\tde fa\u00e7on permanente. Des milliers de travailleurs \u00e9trangers temporaires viennent aussi chaque ann\u00e9e et plus des trois quarts travaillent dans la grande r\u00e9gion m\u00e9tropolitaine de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/montreal-1\">Montr\u00e9al<\/a>.\r\n\t(<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">Programmes des travailleurs \u00e9trangers temporaires<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e010974968-v8.jpg\" title=\"Des femmes ha\u00eftiennes \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al\" alt=\"Des femmes ha\u00eftiennes \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Droit et partage des comp\u00e9tences<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>D\u2019un point de vue l\u00e9gal, l\u2019article 95 de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/loi-constitutionnelle-de-1867#:~:text=La%20Loi%20constitutionnelle%20de1867%20%C3%A9tait,le%201er%20juillet%201867.\">Loi constitutionnelle de 1867<\/a> stipule que l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> est une des rares comp\u00e9tences g\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 la fois par le gouvernement provincial et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/gouvernement-federal\">f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/a>.\r\n\tLes r\u00f4les sont donc partag\u00e9s en fonction des enjeux de politique publique. Entre 1971 et 1991, le gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec a ren\u00e9goci\u00e9 ses pouvoirs provinciaux \u00e0 quatre reprises afin de r\u00e9clamer davantage d\u2019autonomie en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration. L\u2019immigration\r\n\tdemeure donc un enjeu o\u00f9 le partage des responsabilit\u00e9s entre les deux paliers de gouvernement est central. Les deux premiers accords, soit l\u2019Entente Lang-Cloutier (1971) et l\u2019Entente Andras-Bienvenue (1975), n\u2019apportent que des changements mineurs de\r\n\tnature administrative. Toutefois, l\u2019accord de 1975 pose un jalon important en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9lection de l\u2019immigration, for\u00e7ant pour la premi\u00e8re fois le Canada \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer l\u2019avis du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>\ten ce qui concerne chaque nouvelle candidature destin\u00e9e \u00e0 son territoire. L\u2019Entente Cullen-Couture (1978) exige quant \u00e0 elle la m\u00eame chose en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration temporaire, ce qui pousse les deux gouvernements \u00e0 travailler encore plus ensemble.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Toutefois, l\u2019accord entre le Canada et le Qu\u00e9bec qui est le plus important en ce qui concerne l\u2019immigration temporaire et permanente est l\u2019Entente Gagnon-Tremblay-McDougall de 1991 (ou l\u2019<em>Accord Canada-Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>). Ce document donne au Qu\u00e9bec des\r\n\tpouvoirs importants afin d\u2019accueillir les personnes en mesure de travailler. \u00c0 la suite de l\u2019entente, le Qu\u00e9bec obtient alors un contr\u00f4le total du processus de s\u00e9lection des immigrants \u00e9conomiques, de m\u00eame qu\u2019en mati\u00e8re d\u2019int\u00e9gration et de francisation.\r\n\tAutrement dit, le Qu\u00e9bec peut d\u00e9terminer les volumes d\u2019entr\u00e9e de ses futurs r\u00e9sidents permanents. De nos jours, c\u2019est la responsabilit\u00e9 du Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Immigration, de la Francisation et de l\u2019Int\u00e9gration (MIFI) du Qu\u00e9bec de g\u00e9rer les candidats et les\r\n\tcandidates \u00e0 l\u2019immigration permanente via ses propres crit\u00e8res de s\u00e9lection.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral garde quant \u00e0 lui le contr\u00f4le des dossiers des <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a> (<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies\">Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>),\r\n\tde la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/regroupement-familial-au-canada\">r\u00e9unification familiale<\/a> et de toute autre question en lien avec la citoyennet\u00e9. Le suivi du parrainage (la prise en charge d\u2019un membre de la famille imm\u00e9diate pour qu\u2019il puisse devenir r\u00e9sident permanent) et de l\u2019int\u00e9gration sont aussi financ\u00e9s\r\n\tpar le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, mais demeurent des responsabilit\u00e9s provinciales. Quant \u00e0 l\u2019immigration temporaire, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les personnes qui viennent travailler, \u00e9tudier ou recevoir des soins m\u00e9dicaux \u00e0 court terme, il s\u2019agit d\u2019un dossier qui est conjointement\r\n\tg\u00e9r\u00e9 par les institutions provinciales et f\u00e9d\u00e9rales. En collaboration avec le secteur de l\u2019emploi et de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, toute d\u00e9cision du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral sur l\u2019immigration temporaire n\u00e9cessite l\u2019approbation d\u00e9taill\u00e9e du Qu\u00e9bec, \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re d\u2019un consentement\r\n\tobligatoire. Toujours en vigueur aujourd\u2019hui, c\u2019est essentiellement l\u2019<em>Accord Canada-Qu\u00e9bec<\/em> qui r\u00e9git l\u2019ensemble de ces conditions et agit comme document de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence officiel \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u00c9volution de la politique qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise d\u2019immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Entre la cr\u00e9ation du premier minist\u00e8re de l\u2019immigration en 1968 et l\u2019<em>Accord Canada-Qu\u00e9bec<\/em> de 1991, on observe essentiellement une longue p\u00e9riode de n\u00e9gociations entre les deux paliers de gouvernement. En revendiquant toujours plus d\u2019autonomie,\r\n\tle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a> fait des gains mod\u00e9r\u00e9s et graduels en mati\u00e8re de gestion de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a>. Les motifs de ces\r\n\trevendications politiques sont les m\u00eames qu\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019elles se sont toujours inscrites dans une logique de valorisation de la langue fran\u00e7aise. En effet, l\u2019introduction de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/loi-101\">Charte de la langue fran\u00e7aise<\/a>\ten 1977 (ou Loi 101) est un \u00e9v\u00e9nement majeur dans la vie politique qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise et cela se refl\u00e8te \u00e9videmment dans l\u2019\u00e9laboration des politiques d\u2019immigration. Faisant du fran\u00e7ais la langue normale et habituelle au Qu\u00e9bec, la Loi 101 pr\u00e9voit entre autres\r\n\tque la majorit\u00e9 des enfants d\u2019immigrants fr\u00e9quente une \u00e9cole francophone jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin du secondaire. De plus, l\u2019ensemble des mesures d\u2019int\u00e9gration des nouveaux arrivants insistent sur l\u2019importance des ressources en francisation depuis son entr\u00e9e en\r\n\tvigueur. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politiques-linguistiques-du-quebec\">Politiques linguistiques du Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/2054ba21-5e3a-46e4-b16f-d78ab8ceaaa8.jpg\" title=\"Schwartz's\" alt=\"Schwartz's\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>D\u2019un point de vue historique, les politiques d\u2019immigration au Qu\u00e9bec lors des d\u00e9cennies 1970 \u00e0 1990 se caract\u00e9risent par une volont\u00e9 forte des gouvernements qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois, qu\u2019ils soient <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/souverainete-association\">souverainistes<\/a>\tou f\u00e9d\u00e9ralistes, \u00e0 se donner davantage de pouvoirs en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration et d\u2019int\u00e9gration. Cette approche a pour but de mieux respecter le profil linguistique et culturel qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois et n\u2019a aucune all\u00e9geance politique particuli\u00e8re. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/le-quebec-comme-societe-distincte\">Le Qu\u00e9bec comme soci\u00e9t\u00e9 distincte<\/a>.) Le Qu\u00e9bec recrute donc beaucoup de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/francophone\">francophones<\/a>\tautour du globe, car l\u2019enjeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 central en immigration depuis cette p\u00e9riode r\u00e9side dans l\u2019importance du fran\u00e7ais de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les ann\u00e9es 1980 sont marqu\u00e9es par l\u2019arriv\u00e9e du mod\u00e8le de vivre-ensemble qu\u2019est \u00ab&nbsp;l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/interculturalisme\">interculturalisme<\/a>&nbsp;\u00bb, une approche affirmant le caract\u00e8re francophone et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/laicite-au-quebec\">la\u00efc<\/a>\tdes institutions qu\u00e9b\u00e9coises. Cette approche qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise s\u2019oppose essentiellement au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/multiculturalisme\">multiculturalisme<\/a> canadien, qui est souvent d\u00e9crit comme une \u00ab&nbsp;mosa\u00efque&nbsp;\u00bb\r\n\tde cultures \u00e9gales qui coexistent ensemble. Le gouvernement de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/rene-levesque\">Ren\u00e9 L\u00e9vesque<\/a> publie d\u2019ailleurs en 1981 un plan d\u2019action intitul\u00e9 \u00ab&nbsp;Autant de fa\u00e7on d\u2019\u00eatre Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois&nbsp;\u00bb\r\n\tqui rejette explicitement les principes du multiculturalisme canadien. On doit donc la naissance de l\u2019interculturalisme \u00e0 cette tension avec le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 cette volont\u00e9 de promouvoir une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 pluraliste, mais o\u00f9 le fran\u00e7ais pr\u00e9domine.\r\n\tEn bref, l\u2019interculturalisme insiste donc sur deux principes centraux&nbsp;: soit que l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre les cultures n\u00e9cessite une \u00ab&nbsp;francisation&nbsp;\u00bb et une \u00ab&nbsp;la\u00efcisation&nbsp;\u00bb de l\u2019espace public.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La d\u00e9cennie 1990 est marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019<em>Accord Canada-Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>, ainsi que par le tout premier <em>\u00c9nonc\u00e9 de politique en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration<\/em> intitul\u00e9 \u00ab&nbsp;Au Qu\u00e9bec pour b\u00e2tir ensemble&nbsp;\u00bb et qui vise \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre l\u2019approche interculturelle.\r\n\tLors des ann\u00e9es 2000, le gouvernement qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois promeut la diversit\u00e9 ainsi que la lutte contre le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/racisme\">racisme<\/a> et la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/prejuges-et-discrimination\">discrimination<\/a>,\r\n\ttout en augmentant le nombre total d\u2019admissions. Toutefois, cette p\u00e9riode fut aussi marqu\u00e9e par une s\u00e9rie de controverses en lien avec la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/la-commission-bouchard-taylor-sur-les-accommodements-raisonnables-au-quebec-2007-2008\">Commission Bouchard-Taylor<\/a>\t(2007-2008) et les politiques d\u2019accommodements raisonnables, cens\u00e9es r\u00e9gir les relations interculturelles au Qu\u00e9bec.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 des nombres records d\u2019admission d\u2019immigrants dans les ann\u00e9es 2010, cette d\u00e9cennie a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 plusieurs d\u00e9bats sur l\u2019immigration. D\u2019un point de vue politique, le minist\u00e8re qualifie lui-m\u00eame cette d\u00e9cennie comme une p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9vision en immigration,\r\n\tet ce, peu importe le parti politique au pouvoir. Qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/la-charte-des-valeurs-quebecoises\">Charte des valeurs qu\u00e9b\u00e9coises<\/a> ou de l\u2019augmentation des exigences en fran\u00e7ais, en\r\n\tpassant par la r\u00e9duction des seuils d\u2019immigration&nbsp;: la politique qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise se raffermit. Au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie, les r\u00e9formes en immigration se sont av\u00e9r\u00e9es particuli\u00e8rement plus contraignantes qu\u2019avant, et ce, de fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale dans l\u2019ensemble\r\n\tdes provinces canadiennes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Une autre tendance qui prend actuellement de l\u2019ampleur au Qu\u00e9bec consiste \u00e0 s\u2019appuyer sur l\u2019immigration temporaire et sur les travailleurs saisonniers afin de servir l\u2019\u00e9conomie, sans toutefois avoir \u00e0 se soucier de l\u2019int\u00e9gration. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">Programmes des travailleurs \u00e9trangers temporaires<\/a>.) Certains avocats en immigration d\u00e9noncent cette tendance qui rend beaucoup de travailleurs temporaires\r\n\tvuln\u00e9rables, comme ils ne peuvent pas s\u2019\u00e9tablir \u00e0 long terme. Enfin, la r\u00e9cente <em>Politique qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration, de participation et d\u2019inclusion<\/em> de 2015 sert maintenant de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence et met l\u2019accent encore une fois sur la centralit\u00e9\r\n\tdu fran\u00e7ais et la main d\u2019\u0153uvre immigrante au Qu\u00e9bec, ainsi que sur l\u2019inclusion des nouveaux arrivants.<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<p>En 2022, la Loi 96 est adopt\u00e9e pour mettre \u00e0 jour la Loi 101. Cette nouvelle l\u00e9gislation cherche \u00e0 rendre le fran\u00e7ais comme la langue exclusive du gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec. Les personnes immigrantes non francophones ont un d\u00e9lai de six mois pour apprendre\r\n\tle fran\u00e7ais, suite auquel la communication gouvernementale passe \u00e0 cette langue.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Autonomie provinciale en immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Bien que l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> soit consid\u00e9r\u00e9e par les provinces comme un dossier \u00ab&nbsp;canadien&nbsp;\u00bb depuis plus d\u2019un si\u00e8cle, il s\u2019agit maintenant d\u2019un enjeu de politique publique\r\n\tque celles-ci veulent se r\u00e9approprier. Regard\u00e9e comme une pionni\u00e8re parmi ses semblables, la politique d\u2019immigration qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise est le r\u00e9sultat de cette volont\u00e9 du gouvernement provincial d\u2019affirmer son autonomie \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. Malgr\u00e9 le fait que les autres\r\n\tprovinces se soient graduellement jointes \u00e0 ce mouvement pour des raisons autres que culturelles, linguistiques ou identitaires, ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne t\u00e9moigne n\u00e9anmoins de l\u2019importance de l\u2019immigration dans la politique contemporaine.<\/p>\r\n<br>","twitter_summary":null,"pivot":{"model_id":"72064","relatable_id":"90119","relatable_type":"App\\Models\\Article","position":4},"translations":[{"id":"4c17afe0-e14c-4682-8eb8-7b94bd8b2b58","article_id":"90119","title":"Quebec Immigration Policy","summary":"<p>The distinction is often made between the immigration policy of Quebec, that of Canada (<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">Immigration Policy in Canada<\/a>) and that of other provinces. The particularities\r\n\tof the Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois policy are essentially rooted in history, language, and culture. Despite these differences, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> plays just as important a role in the Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois society\r\n\tas it does elsewhere in the country. From 2015 to 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">Quebec<\/a> welcomed almost 250,000 permanent immigrants. Every year, the province also hosts thousands of temporary foreign workers,\r\n\tthree quarters of whom find employment in the greater metropolitan area of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal-1\">Montreal<\/a>. (<em>See<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">Canada\u2019s Temporary Foreign Worker Programs<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e010974968-v8.jpg\" title=\"Haitian women in Montreal\" alt=\"Haitian women in Montreal\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Powers and Division of Powers<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>From a legal standpoint, section 95 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loi-constitutionnelle-de-1867#:~:text=La%20Loi%20constitutionnelle%20de1867%20%C3%A9tait,le%201er%20juillet%201867.\">Constitution Act<\/a> (1867)\r\n\tstipulates that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> is one of the rare powers held by both the provincial and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/gouvernement-federal\">federal<\/a>\tgovernments. Hence, the roles are shared according to the issues of public policy. Between 1971 and 1991, the Government of Quebec renegotiated its provincial powers four times to claim more autonomy in immigration matters. Thus, the division of responsibilities\r\n\tbetween the two levels of government remains of central importance in this area. The first two agreements \u2014 the Lang-Cloutier Agreement (1971) and the Andras-Bienvenue Agreement (1975) \u2014 brought only minor administrative changes. However, the 1975 agreement\r\n\tmarked an important milestone in terms of selection for immigration. It forced Canada to consider, for the first time, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">Quebec<\/a>\u2019s opinion about each new application for immigration\r\n\ton its territory. The Cullen-Couture Agreement (1978) required the same for temporary immigration, and thus pushed for more collaboration between the two governments.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>However, the Gagnon-Tremblay-McDougall Agreement (1991), also known as the <em>Canada-Quebec Accord<\/em>, was the most important agreement made between Canada and Quebec in matters of permanent and temporary immigration. This document gave the province\r\n\tsignificant powers, allowing it to accept applicants who were able to work. With this agreement, the province gained complete control over the selection process of economic immigrants, as well as their integration and francization. In other words, Quebec\r\n\tcan manage the entry volumes of its future permanent residents. At present, the Ministry of Immigration, Francisation and Integration is responsible for managing the candidates for permanent immigration, based on its own selection criteria.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The federal government is still in control of <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugies\">refugee<\/a> files (<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies\">Canadian Refugee Policy<\/a>),\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">family reunification<\/a> and any issue related to citizenship. It also finances the follow-up for sponsorship (whereby someone supports a member of their immediate family in becoming a permanent resident) and integration, although these are managed by the\r\n\tprovince. Applications for temporary immigration \u2014 moving to the country for short-term work, studies or medical care \u2014 are managed jointly by provincial and federal institutions. In collaboration with the work and education sectors, any federal decision\r\n\ton temporary immigration requires the detailed approval of Quebec, as mandatory consent. The <em>Canada-Quebec Accord<\/em>, still in effect to this day, governs these conditions and is considered the official reference document on the matter.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Evolution of the Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois Immigration Policy<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>The two levels of government lived a long period of negotiation, from the creation of the first ministry for immigration in 1968 to the signing of the <em>Canada-Quebec Accord<\/em> in 1991. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">Quebec<\/a>,\r\n\talways advocating for more autonomy, made moderate and gradual progress in matters of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> management. To this day, the reasons for these political claims are still rooted\r\n\tin the call for the enrichment of the French language. The introduction of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loi-101\">Charter of the French Language<\/a> (or Bill 101) in 1977 was a major political event on the Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois\r\n\tpolitical landscape, and was reflected in the construction of immigration policies. Bill 101 made French the normal and everyday language in Quebec and planned, among other things, for most immigrant children to attend a French-speaking school until\r\n\tthe end of secondary studies. Since its enactment, the measures for integration of newcomers insisted on the importance of francization resources. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politiques-linguistiques-du-quebec\">Quebec Language Policy<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/2054ba21-5e3a-46e4-b16f-d78ab8ceaaa8.jpg\" title=\"Schwartz's\" alt=\"Schwartz's\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>From a historical point of view, Quebec\u2019s immigration policies during the 1970s to the 1990s were characterized by the governments\u2019 strong desire to gain more control over immigration and integration, be they <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/souverainete-association\">sovereigntist<\/a>\tor federalist governments. This approach aimed to better respect the linguistic and cultural identity of Quebec and did not symbolize any particular political allegiance. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/le-quebec-comme-societe-distincte\">Quebec as a Distinct Society<\/a>.)\r\n\tHence, Quebec recruited many <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/francophone\">francophones<\/a> from around the globe, because since that period, the question of a central immigrant society remained rooted in the general importance\r\n\tof the French language.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The 1980s were marked by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/interculturalisme\">interculturalism<\/a>, the togetherness model and approach which affirmed the francophone and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/laicite-au-quebec\">secular<\/a>\tnature of Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois institutions. This Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois approach was essentially opposed to the Canadian <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalisme\">multiculturalism<\/a>, often described as a \u201cmosaic\u201d of equal and coexisting\r\n\tcultures. In 1981, the government under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/rene-levesque\">Ren\u00e9 L\u00e9vesque<\/a> published an action plan titled \u201cAutant de fa\u00e7ons d\u2019\u00eatre Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois\u201d (\u201cAs Many Ways to Be Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois\u201d), which explicitly\r\n\trejected the Canadian principles on multiculturalism. Hence, interculturalism was a result of this tension with the federal government and this will to promote a pluralist society which would still give precedence to the French language. Interculturalism\r\n\tthus maintains that the equality among cultures requires two central principles: francization and secularism.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The 1990s were marked by the <em>Canada-Quebec Accord<\/em> and by the very first policy statement in matters of immigration, titled <em>Let\u2019s Build Qu\u00e9bec Together<\/em>, which aimed for the adoption of the intercultural approach. In the 2000s, the Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois\r\n\tgovernment promoted diversity and the fight against <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racisme\">racism<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejuges-et-discrimination\">discrimination<\/a>, while increasing\r\n\tthe total number of admissions. However, this period was also characterized by a series of controversies linked to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/la-commission-bouchard-taylor-sur-les-accommodements-raisonnables-au-quebec-2007-2008\">Bouchard-Taylor Commission<\/a>\t(2007\u20132008) and the policies on reasonable accommodation which were supposed to govern the intercultural relations in Quebec.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Despite the record numbers of immigrant admissions during the 2010s, this decade gave rise to several debates about immigration. From a political standpoint, the ministry itself referred to this period as one for the review of immigration matters, no\r\n\tmatter which political party was in power. Quebec\u2019s policy strengthened, whether it concerned the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/la-charte-des-valeurs-quebecoises\">Quebec Values Charter<\/a>, the stricter requirements in terms\r\n\tof French language or the reducing the immigration thresholds. During the last decade, the immigration reforms turned out to be much stricter, in the general sense and in all Canadian provinces.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Another growing trend currently observed in Quebec is the reliance on temporary immigration and seasonal workers to serve the economy, without needing to support their integration. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">Canada\u2019s Temporary Foreign Worker Programs<\/a>)\r\n\tSome immigration lawyers condemn this trend which makes the temporary workers vulnerable because they cannot settle on the long term. Quebec\u2019s most recent policy on immigration, participation, and inclusion (2015) is now the reference document and highlights\r\n\tthe importance of French language and immigrant workforce in Quebec and that of the newcomers\u2019 inclusion.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 2022, Bill 96 was adopted to update Bill 101. The law sought to make French the Quebec government's exclusive language of communication. Non-francophone immigrants were given six months to learn French before government communication switched to French.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Provincial Autonomy in Immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Although the provinces have considered <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> as a \u201cCanadian\u201d matter for over a century, it has now become an issue of public policy which they want to recover. Quebec\u2019s\r\n\timmigration policy, regarded as a pioneer act among similar efforts, was the result of the provincial government\u2019s desire to establish its independence on the subject. Although the other provinces gradually joined this movement for reasons other than\r\n\tculture, language or identity, this phenomenon proves the importance of immigration in contemporary politics.<\/p>","slug":"politique-du-quebec-immigration","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"en","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-06-15T14:12:37.000000Z"},{"id":"cbc1f36a-212f-4c02-89bc-1465ad19617a","article_id":"90119","title":"Politique d'immigration qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise","summary":"<p>La politique d\u2019immigration qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise est souvent diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e de celle du Canada (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-policy\">Politique d\u2019immigration du Canada<\/a>) et se distingue \u00e9galement de celle des\r\n\tautres provinces. Ces distinctions qu\u00e9b\u00e9coises s\u2019appuient essentiellement sur des fondements historiques, linguistiques et culturels. En d\u00e9pit de cette distinction, l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a>\toccupe une place tout aussi importante dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise que dans les autres provinces. Entre 2015 et 2019, le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a> accueille pr\u00e8s de 250 000 personnes immigrantes\r\n\tde fa\u00e7on permanente. Des milliers de travailleurs \u00e9trangers temporaires viennent aussi chaque ann\u00e9e et plus des trois quarts travaillent dans la grande r\u00e9gion m\u00e9tropolitaine de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/montreal-1\">Montr\u00e9al<\/a>.\r\n\t(<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">Programmes des travailleurs \u00e9trangers temporaires<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e010974968-v8.jpg\" title=\"Des femmes ha\u00eftiennes \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al\" alt=\"Des femmes ha\u00eftiennes \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Droit et partage des comp\u00e9tences<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>D\u2019un point de vue l\u00e9gal, l\u2019article 95 de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/loi-constitutionnelle-de-1867#:~:text=La%20Loi%20constitutionnelle%20de1867%20%C3%A9tait,le%201er%20juillet%201867.\">Loi constitutionnelle de 1867<\/a> stipule que l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> est une des rares comp\u00e9tences g\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 la fois par le gouvernement provincial et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/gouvernement-federal\">f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/a>.\r\n\tLes r\u00f4les sont donc partag\u00e9s en fonction des enjeux de politique publique. Entre 1971 et 1991, le gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec a ren\u00e9goci\u00e9 ses pouvoirs provinciaux \u00e0 quatre reprises afin de r\u00e9clamer davantage d\u2019autonomie en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration. L\u2019immigration\r\n\tdemeure donc un enjeu o\u00f9 le partage des responsabilit\u00e9s entre les deux paliers de gouvernement est central. Les deux premiers accords, soit l\u2019Entente Lang-Cloutier (1971) et l\u2019Entente Andras-Bienvenue (1975), n\u2019apportent que des changements mineurs de\r\n\tnature administrative. Toutefois, l\u2019accord de 1975 pose un jalon important en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9lection de l\u2019immigration, for\u00e7ant pour la premi\u00e8re fois le Canada \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer l\u2019avis du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>\ten ce qui concerne chaque nouvelle candidature destin\u00e9e \u00e0 son territoire. L\u2019Entente Cullen-Couture (1978) exige quant \u00e0 elle la m\u00eame chose en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration temporaire, ce qui pousse les deux gouvernements \u00e0 travailler encore plus ensemble.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Toutefois, l\u2019accord entre le Canada et le Qu\u00e9bec qui est le plus important en ce qui concerne l\u2019immigration temporaire et permanente est l\u2019Entente Gagnon-Tremblay-McDougall de 1991 (ou l\u2019<em>Accord Canada-Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>). Ce document donne au Qu\u00e9bec des\r\n\tpouvoirs importants afin d\u2019accueillir les personnes en mesure de travailler. \u00c0 la suite de l\u2019entente, le Qu\u00e9bec obtient alors un contr\u00f4le total du processus de s\u00e9lection des immigrants \u00e9conomiques, de m\u00eame qu\u2019en mati\u00e8re d\u2019int\u00e9gration et de francisation.\r\n\tAutrement dit, le Qu\u00e9bec peut d\u00e9terminer les volumes d\u2019entr\u00e9e de ses futurs r\u00e9sidents permanents. De nos jours, c\u2019est la responsabilit\u00e9 du Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Immigration, de la Francisation et de l\u2019Int\u00e9gration (MIFI) du Qu\u00e9bec de g\u00e9rer les candidats et les\r\n\tcandidates \u00e0 l\u2019immigration permanente via ses propres crit\u00e8res de s\u00e9lection.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral garde quant \u00e0 lui le contr\u00f4le des dossiers des <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a> (<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies\">Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a>),\r\n\tde la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/regroupement-familial-au-canada\">r\u00e9unification familiale<\/a> et de toute autre question en lien avec la citoyennet\u00e9. Le suivi du parrainage (la prise en charge d\u2019un membre de la famille imm\u00e9diate pour qu\u2019il puisse devenir r\u00e9sident permanent) et de l\u2019int\u00e9gration sont aussi financ\u00e9s\r\n\tpar le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, mais demeurent des responsabilit\u00e9s provinciales. Quant \u00e0 l\u2019immigration temporaire, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les personnes qui viennent travailler, \u00e9tudier ou recevoir des soins m\u00e9dicaux \u00e0 court terme, il s\u2019agit d\u2019un dossier qui est conjointement\r\n\tg\u00e9r\u00e9 par les institutions provinciales et f\u00e9d\u00e9rales. En collaboration avec le secteur de l\u2019emploi et de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, toute d\u00e9cision du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral sur l\u2019immigration temporaire n\u00e9cessite l\u2019approbation d\u00e9taill\u00e9e du Qu\u00e9bec, \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re d\u2019un consentement\r\n\tobligatoire. Toujours en vigueur aujourd\u2019hui, c\u2019est essentiellement l\u2019<em>Accord Canada-Qu\u00e9bec<\/em> qui r\u00e9git l\u2019ensemble de ces conditions et agit comme document de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence officiel \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u00c9volution de la politique qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise d\u2019immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Entre la cr\u00e9ation du premier minist\u00e8re de l\u2019immigration en 1968 et l\u2019<em>Accord Canada-Qu\u00e9bec<\/em> de 1991, on observe essentiellement une longue p\u00e9riode de n\u00e9gociations entre les deux paliers de gouvernement. En revendiquant toujours plus d\u2019autonomie,\r\n\tle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a> fait des gains mod\u00e9r\u00e9s et graduels en mati\u00e8re de gestion de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a>. Les motifs de ces\r\n\trevendications politiques sont les m\u00eames qu\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019elles se sont toujours inscrites dans une logique de valorisation de la langue fran\u00e7aise. En effet, l\u2019introduction de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/loi-101\">Charte de la langue fran\u00e7aise<\/a>\ten 1977 (ou Loi 101) est un \u00e9v\u00e9nement majeur dans la vie politique qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise et cela se refl\u00e8te \u00e9videmment dans l\u2019\u00e9laboration des politiques d\u2019immigration. Faisant du fran\u00e7ais la langue normale et habituelle au Qu\u00e9bec, la Loi 101 pr\u00e9voit entre autres\r\n\tque la majorit\u00e9 des enfants d\u2019immigrants fr\u00e9quente une \u00e9cole francophone jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin du secondaire. De plus, l\u2019ensemble des mesures d\u2019int\u00e9gration des nouveaux arrivants insistent sur l\u2019importance des ressources en francisation depuis son entr\u00e9e en\r\n\tvigueur. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politiques-linguistiques-du-quebec\">Politiques linguistiques du Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/2054ba21-5e3a-46e4-b16f-d78ab8ceaaa8.jpg\" title=\"Schwartz's\" alt=\"Schwartz's\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>D\u2019un point de vue historique, les politiques d\u2019immigration au Qu\u00e9bec lors des d\u00e9cennies 1970 \u00e0 1990 se caract\u00e9risent par une volont\u00e9 forte des gouvernements qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois, qu\u2019ils soient <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/souverainete-association\">souverainistes<\/a>\tou f\u00e9d\u00e9ralistes, \u00e0 se donner davantage de pouvoirs en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration et d\u2019int\u00e9gration. Cette approche a pour but de mieux respecter le profil linguistique et culturel qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois et n\u2019a aucune all\u00e9geance politique particuli\u00e8re. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/le-quebec-comme-societe-distincte\">Le Qu\u00e9bec comme soci\u00e9t\u00e9 distincte<\/a>.) Le Qu\u00e9bec recrute donc beaucoup de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/francophone\">francophones<\/a>\tautour du globe, car l\u2019enjeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 central en immigration depuis cette p\u00e9riode r\u00e9side dans l\u2019importance du fran\u00e7ais de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les ann\u00e9es 1980 sont marqu\u00e9es par l\u2019arriv\u00e9e du mod\u00e8le de vivre-ensemble qu\u2019est \u00ab&nbsp;l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/interculturalisme\">interculturalisme<\/a>&nbsp;\u00bb, une approche affirmant le caract\u00e8re francophone et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/laicite-au-quebec\">la\u00efc<\/a>\tdes institutions qu\u00e9b\u00e9coises. Cette approche qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise s\u2019oppose essentiellement au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/multiculturalisme\">multiculturalisme<\/a> canadien, qui est souvent d\u00e9crit comme une \u00ab&nbsp;mosa\u00efque&nbsp;\u00bb\r\n\tde cultures \u00e9gales qui coexistent ensemble. Le gouvernement de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/rene-levesque\">Ren\u00e9 L\u00e9vesque<\/a> publie d\u2019ailleurs en 1981 un plan d\u2019action intitul\u00e9 \u00ab&nbsp;Autant de fa\u00e7on d\u2019\u00eatre Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois&nbsp;\u00bb\r\n\tqui rejette explicitement les principes du multiculturalisme canadien. On doit donc la naissance de l\u2019interculturalisme \u00e0 cette tension avec le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 cette volont\u00e9 de promouvoir une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 pluraliste, mais o\u00f9 le fran\u00e7ais pr\u00e9domine.\r\n\tEn bref, l\u2019interculturalisme insiste donc sur deux principes centraux&nbsp;: soit que l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre les cultures n\u00e9cessite une \u00ab&nbsp;francisation&nbsp;\u00bb et une \u00ab&nbsp;la\u00efcisation&nbsp;\u00bb de l\u2019espace public.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La d\u00e9cennie 1990 est marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019<em>Accord Canada-Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>, ainsi que par le tout premier <em>\u00c9nonc\u00e9 de politique en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration<\/em> intitul\u00e9 \u00ab&nbsp;Au Qu\u00e9bec pour b\u00e2tir ensemble&nbsp;\u00bb et qui vise \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre l\u2019approche interculturelle.\r\n\tLors des ann\u00e9es 2000, le gouvernement qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois promeut la diversit\u00e9 ainsi que la lutte contre le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/racisme\">racisme<\/a> et la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/prejuges-et-discrimination\">discrimination<\/a>,\r\n\ttout en augmentant le nombre total d\u2019admissions. Toutefois, cette p\u00e9riode fut aussi marqu\u00e9e par une s\u00e9rie de controverses en lien avec la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/la-commission-bouchard-taylor-sur-les-accommodements-raisonnables-au-quebec-2007-2008\">Commission Bouchard-Taylor<\/a>\t(2007-2008) et les politiques d\u2019accommodements raisonnables, cens\u00e9es r\u00e9gir les relations interculturelles au Qu\u00e9bec.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 des nombres records d\u2019admission d\u2019immigrants dans les ann\u00e9es 2010, cette d\u00e9cennie a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 plusieurs d\u00e9bats sur l\u2019immigration. D\u2019un point de vue politique, le minist\u00e8re qualifie lui-m\u00eame cette d\u00e9cennie comme une p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9vision en immigration,\r\n\tet ce, peu importe le parti politique au pouvoir. Qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/la-charte-des-valeurs-quebecoises\">Charte des valeurs qu\u00e9b\u00e9coises<\/a> ou de l\u2019augmentation des exigences en fran\u00e7ais, en\r\n\tpassant par la r\u00e9duction des seuils d\u2019immigration&nbsp;: la politique qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise se raffermit. Au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie, les r\u00e9formes en immigration se sont av\u00e9r\u00e9es particuli\u00e8rement plus contraignantes qu\u2019avant, et ce, de fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale dans l\u2019ensemble\r\n\tdes provinces canadiennes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Une autre tendance qui prend actuellement de l\u2019ampleur au Qu\u00e9bec consiste \u00e0 s\u2019appuyer sur l\u2019immigration temporaire et sur les travailleurs saisonniers afin de servir l\u2019\u00e9conomie, sans toutefois avoir \u00e0 se soucier de l\u2019int\u00e9gration. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">Programmes des travailleurs \u00e9trangers temporaires<\/a>.) Certains avocats en immigration d\u00e9noncent cette tendance qui rend beaucoup de travailleurs temporaires\r\n\tvuln\u00e9rables, comme ils ne peuvent pas s\u2019\u00e9tablir \u00e0 long terme. Enfin, la r\u00e9cente <em>Politique qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration, de participation et d\u2019inclusion<\/em> de 2015 sert maintenant de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence et met l\u2019accent encore une fois sur la centralit\u00e9\r\n\tdu fran\u00e7ais et la main d\u2019\u0153uvre immigrante au Qu\u00e9bec, ainsi que sur l\u2019inclusion des nouveaux arrivants.<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<p>En 2022, la Loi 96 est adopt\u00e9e pour mettre \u00e0 jour la Loi 101. Cette nouvelle l\u00e9gislation cherche \u00e0 rendre le fran\u00e7ais comme la langue exclusive du gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec. Les personnes immigrantes non francophones ont un d\u00e9lai de six mois pour apprendre\r\n\tle fran\u00e7ais, suite auquel la communication gouvernementale passe \u00e0 cette langue.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Autonomie provinciale en immigration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Bien que l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> soit consid\u00e9r\u00e9e par les provinces comme un dossier \u00ab&nbsp;canadien&nbsp;\u00bb depuis plus d\u2019un si\u00e8cle, il s\u2019agit maintenant d\u2019un enjeu de politique publique\r\n\tque celles-ci veulent se r\u00e9approprier. Regard\u00e9e comme une pionni\u00e8re parmi ses semblables, la politique d\u2019immigration qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise est le r\u00e9sultat de cette volont\u00e9 du gouvernement provincial d\u2019affirmer son autonomie \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. Malgr\u00e9 le fait que les autres\r\n\tprovinces se soient graduellement jointes \u00e0 ce mouvement pour des raisons autres que culturelles, linguistiques ou identitaires, ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne t\u00e9moigne n\u00e9anmoins de l\u2019importance de l\u2019immigration dans la politique contemporaine.<\/p>\r\n<br>","slug":"politique-dimmigration-du-quebec","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"fr","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-06-15T14:12:37.000000Z"},{"id":"9de95f59-843f-4ba8-83ef-cc1f11fe83e1","article_id":"90119","title":"Quebec Immigration Policy [\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56]","summary":"<p>\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\uff08<em>\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u53c2\u7167<\/em>\uff09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u4ed6\u306e\u5dde\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u533a\u5225\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059<\/a>\u3002\r\n\u30b1\u30d9\u30b3\u30ef\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306f\u3001\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u6b74\u53f2\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u306b\u6839\u3056\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u30b1\u30d9\u30b3\u30ef\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u79fb\u6c11\u304c\u679c\u305f\u3059\u5f79\u5272\u306f<\/a>\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5730\u57df\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\r\n2015\u5e74\u304b\u30892019\u5e74\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306f\u7d0425\u4e07\u4eba\u306e\u6c38\u4f4f\u79fb\u6c11\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal-1\">\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306b\u306f\u6bce\u5e74\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u306e\u81e8\u6642\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u304c\u304a\u308a\u3001\r\n\u305d\u306e4\u5206\u306e3\u306f\u30e2\u30f3\u30c8\u30ea\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u570f\u3067\u5c31\u8077\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/a>\uff08<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u81e8\u6642\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u3054\u89a7\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/a><\/em>\u3002\uff09<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e010974968-v8.jpg\" title=\"\u30e2\u30f3\u30c8\u30ea\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u30cf\u30a4\u30c1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\" alt=\"\u30e2\u30f3\u30c8\u30ea\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u30cf\u30a4\u30c1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u6a29\u9650\u3068\u6a29\u9650\u5206\u5272<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/gouvernement-federal\">\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loi-constitutionnelle-de-1867#:~:text=La%20Loi%20constitutionnelle%20de1867%20%C3%A9tait,le%201er%20juillet%201867.\">\u61b2\u6cd5<\/a>\uff081867\u5e74\uff09\u306e\u7b2c95\u6761\u306b\u306f\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u79fb\u6c11\u306f\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u3068\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u4fdd\u6709\u3059\u308b\u307e\u308c\u306a\u6a29\u9650\u306e1\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u898f\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/a>\u3002<\/a>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5f79\u5272\u306f\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u5206\u62c5\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u30021971\u5e74\u304b\u30891991\u5e74\u306e\u9593\u306b\u3001\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u79fb\u6c11\u554f\u984c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u81ea\u6cbb\u6a29\u306e\u5f37\u5316\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5dde\u6a29\u9650\u306e\u518d\u4ea4\u6e09\u30924\u56de\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u306f\u3001\r\n\u653f\u5e9c\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u9593\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u5206\u62c5\u304c\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u306a\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u9805\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6700\u521d\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u5408\u610f\u3001\u30e9\u30f3\u30b0\u30fb\u30af\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30a8\u5354\u5b9a\uff081971\u5e74\uff09\u3068\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30b9\u30fb\u30d3\u30a8\u30f3\u30f4\u30cb\u30e5\u5354\u5b9a\uff081975\u5e74\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u884c\u653f\u4e0a\u306e\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306a\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u304b\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3055\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\r\n 1975\u5e74\u306e\u5408\u610f\u306f\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u9078\u8003\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30de\u30a4\u30eb\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306f\u3001\r\n\u81ea\u56fd\u306e\u9818\u571f\u3067\u306e\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8acb\u306e\u305f\u3073\u306b\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u610f\u898b\u3092\u521d\u3081\u3066\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4f59\u5100\u306a\u304f\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u3002\u30ab\u30ec\u30f3\u30fb\u30af\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u5354\u5b9a\uff081978\u5e74\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3001\u4e21\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9593\u306e\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u5354\u529b\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001<em>\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u30fb\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5354\u5b9a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30ac\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3\u30fb\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30d6\u30ec\u30fb\u30de\u30af\u30c9\u30a5\u30fc\u30ac\u30eb\u5354\u5b9a\uff081991\uff09\u306f\u3001\u6c38\u4f4f\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e00\u6642\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3068\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u9593\u3067\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u305f\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5354\u5b9a\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/em>\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6587\u66f8\u306f\u5dde\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6a29\u9650\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3001\u5c31\u52b4\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u7533\u8acb\u8005\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a31\u53ef\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u3053\u306e\u5354\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u5dde\u306f\u7d4c\u6e08\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u9078\u8003\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u3068\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30c1\u30e3\u30a4\u30ba\u5316\u3082\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7ba1\u7406\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u308c\u3070\u3001\r\n\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306f\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u6c38\u4f4f\u8005\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u6570\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u30fb\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30c1\u30e3\u30a4\u30ba\u30fb\u7d71\u5408\u7701\u306f\u3001\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u9078\u5b9a\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u6c38\u4f4f\u6a29\u306e\u5019\u88dc\u8005\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u8ca0\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u96e3\u6c11\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugies\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u96e3\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3092\u53c2\u7167<\/a><\/em><\/a>\uff09\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u518d\u4f1a<\/a>\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5e02\u6c11\u6a29\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u304c\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30b9\u30dd\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u30b7\u30c3\u30d7\uff08\u8fd1\u89aa\u8005\u304c\u6c38\u4f4f\u8005\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u7d71\u5408\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30ed\u30fc\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u306b\u3082\u8cc7\u91d1\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u5dde\u304c\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\r\n\u77ed\u671f\u9593\u306e\u5c31\u52b4\u3084\u7559\u5b66\u3001\u533b\u7642\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u305f\u4e00\u6642\u79fb\u4f4f\u306e\u7533\u8acb\u306f\u3001\u5dde\u3068\u9023\u90a6\u306e\u6a5f\u95a2\u304c\u5171\u540c\u3067\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u52b4\u50cd\u30fb\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u9580\u3068\u5354\u529b\u3057\u3066\u3001\r\n\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5f37\u5236\u7684\u306a\u540c\u610f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u627f\u8a8d\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<em>\u73fe\u5728\u3082\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u30fb\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5354\u5b9a\u304c\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u898f\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a<\/em>\u3001\u3053\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u516c\u5f0f\u306e\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u66f8\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u9032\u5316<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><em>1968\u5e74\u306b\u6700\u521d\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u7701\u304c\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304b\u3089\u30011991\u5e74\u306b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u30fb\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5354\u5b9a\u304c\u8abf\u5370\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u4e21\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u9577\u3044\u4ea4\u6e09\u671f\u9593\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\r\n\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u81ea\u6cbb\u6a29\u306e\u62e1\u5927\u3092\u63d0\u5531\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u7ba1\u7406\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306f\u7de9\u3084\u304b\u3067\u6bb5\u968e\u7684\u306a\u9032\u5c55\u3092\u9042\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/a>\u4eca\u65e5\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u306e\u7406\u7531\u306f\u3001\r\n\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u306e\u5145\u5b9f\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u58f0\u306b\u6839\u3056\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loi-101\">1977\u5e74\u306b\u5236\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u61b2\u7ae0<\/a>\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6cd5\u6848101\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30b1\u30d9\u30b3\u30ef\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u60c5\u52e2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\r\n\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\u306b\u3082\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6cd5\u6848101\u306f\u3001\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u3092\u666e\u901a\u306e\u65e5\u5e38\u8a00\u8a9e\u3068\u3057\u3001\u3068\u308a\u308f\u3051\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u304c\u4e2d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8ab2\u7a0b\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3067\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u570f\u306e\u5b66\u6821\u306b\u901a\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a08\u753b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u65b0\u53c2\u8005\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u63aa\u7f6e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30c1\u30e3\u30a4\u30ba\u5316\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u304c\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politiques-linguistiques-du-quebec\">(\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u653f\u7b56\u3082\u53c2\u7167\u3002)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/2054ba21-5e3a-46e4-b16f-d78ab8ceaaa8.jpg\" title=\"\u30b7\u30e5\u30ef\u30eb\u30c4\u306e\" alt=\"\u30b7\u30e5\u30ef\u30eb\u30c4\u306e\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/souverainete-association\">\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u306b\u898b\u308b\u3068\u30011970\u5e74\u4ee3\u304b\u30891990\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u306e\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u6a29\u653f\u5e9c\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3068\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3068\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u3068\u7d71\u5408\u3092\u3088\u308a\u7d30\u304b\u304f\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u5f37\u3044\u9858\u671b\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/a>\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u3001\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6587\u5316\u7684\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u3088\u308a\u5c0a\u91cd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5fe0\u8aa0\u3092\u8c61\u5fb4\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/le-quebec-comme-societe-distincte\">(<em>\u300c\u72ec\u7279\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u300d\u3082\u53c2\u7167<\/em>)\u3002<\/a>\r\n\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/francophone\">\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u570f\u8005\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u3002\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306f\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u306b\u6839\u3056\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/laicite-au-quebec\">1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/interculturalisme\">\u30b1\u30d9\u30b3\u30ef\u306e\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u570f\u3068\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u80af\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u4e00\u4f53\u611f\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u7570\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u304c\u7279\u5fb4\u3067\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u3002<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalisme\">\u3053\u306e\u30b1\u30d9\u30b3\u30ef\u7684\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3067\u5171\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u6587\u5316\u306e\u300c\u30e2\u30b6\u30a4\u30af\u300d\u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u591a\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u306f\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u53cd\u5bfe\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/a> \r\n1981\u5e74\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/rene-levesque\">\u30eb\u30cd\u30fb\u30ec\u30d9\u30b9\u30af\u653f\u6a29\u4e0b\u306e\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30b1\u30d9\u30b3\u30ef\u306b\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a>\u300d\uff08\u300c\u30b1\u30d9\u30b3\u30ef\u306b\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u8a08\u753b\u3092\u767a\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a08\u753b\u306f\u3001\r\n\u591a\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u539f\u5247\u3092\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u7570\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306f\u3001\u9023\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u3068\u306e\u3053\u306e\u7dca\u5f35\u3068\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u304c\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u512a\u5148\u3055\u308c\u308b\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u4f1a\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u610f\u5fd7\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\n\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u7570\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306f\u3001\u6587\u5316\u9593\u306e\u5e73\u7b49\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b7\u30bc\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3068\u3044\u30462\u3064\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u539f\u5247\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u306f\u3001<em>\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u30fb\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5408\u610f\u3068\u3001\u7570\u6587\u5316\u9593\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\u63a1\u7528\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3057\u305f\u300c\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u5171\u306b\u7bc9\u3053\u3046<\/em>\u300d\u3068\u984c\u3057\u305f\u79fb\u6c11\u554f\u984c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6700\u521d\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u58f0\u660e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7279\u5fb4\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racisme\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejuges-et-discrimination\">2000\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001\r\n\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u306f\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u3092\u63a8\u9032\u3057\u3001\u4eba\u7a2e\u5dee\u5225\u3084\u5dee\u5225\u3068\u306e\u95d8\u3044\u3092\u63a8\u9032\u3059\u308b\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u5165\u5b66\u7dcf\u6570\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/a><\/a> \r\n\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6642\u671f\u306b\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/la-commission-bouchard-taylor-sur-les-accommodements-raisonnables-au-quebec-2007-2008\">\u30d6\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30c6\u30a4\u30e9\u30fc\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a<\/a>\uff082007\uff5e2008\u5e74\uff09\u3084\u3001\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u7570\u6587\u5316\u9593\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u898f\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3060\u3063\u305f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u914d\u616e\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u653f\u7b56\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u305f\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u8ad6\u4e89\u3082\u8d77\u3053\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2010\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u5165\u56fd\u304c\u8a18\u9332\u7684\u306a\u6570\u306b\u9054\u3057\u305f\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u3053\u306e10\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u79fb\u6c11\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u5dfb\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3063\u305f\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u306a\u898b\u5730\u304b\u3089\u8a00\u3046\u3068\u3001\u540c\u7701\u81ea\u8eab\u306f\u3001\r\n\u3069\u306e\u653f\u515a\u304c\u653f\u6a29\u3092\u63e1\u3063\u3066\u3044\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6642\u671f\u3092\u79fb\u6c11\u554f\u984c\u306e\u898b\u76f4\u3057\u306e\u6642\u671f\u3068\u547c\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u3002\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/la-charte-des-valeurs-quebecoises\">\u305d\u308c\u304c\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30d0\u30ea\u30e5\u30fc\u61b2\u7ae0\u3067\u3042\u308c<\/a>\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3088\u308a\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u8981\u4ef6\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\r\n\u79fb\u6c11\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u5f15\u304d\u4e0b\u3052\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u5f37\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u904e\u53bb10\u5e74\u9593\u3067\u3001\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5dde\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u6539\u9769\u306f\u306f\u308b\u304b\u306b\u53b3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5224\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u3067\u73fe\u5728\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3082\u30461\u3064\u306e\u50be\u5411\u306f\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u3078\u306e\u8ca2\u732e\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u79fb\u6c11\u3084\u5b63\u7bc0\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u306b\u983c\u308a\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002(<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u81e8\u6642\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3082\u53c2\u7167<\/a><\/em>) \r\n \u79fb\u6c11\u5f01\u8b77\u58eb\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u50be\u5411\u304c\u81e8\u6642\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u3092\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306b\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u306b\u8106\u5f31\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u975e\u96e3\u3059\u308b\u8005\u3082\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u30eb\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u653f\u7b56\uff082015\u5e74\uff09\u304c\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u66f8\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u3068\u79fb\u6c11\u52b4\u50cd\u529b\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3001\r\n\u304a\u3088\u3073\u65b0\u898f\u53c2\u5165\u8005\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u30eb\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u304c\u6d6e\u304d\u5f6b\u308a\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2022\u5e74\u3001\u6cd5\u6848101\u3092\u66f4\u65b0\u3059\u308b\u6cd5\u684896\u304c\u63a1\u629e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u306f\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u3092\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u5c02\u5c5e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u8a00\u8a9e\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u975e\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u570f\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u306f\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u306b\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u308f\u308b\u524d\u306b\u30016\u30f6\u6708\u9593\u306e\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u5b66\u7fd2\u671f\u9593\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u79fb\u6c11\u5c40\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5404\u5dde\u3067\u306f1\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u79fb\u6c11\u554f\u984c\u3092<\/a>\u300c\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u306e\u300d\u554f\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6349\u3048\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u3084\u79fb\u6c11\u306f\u53d6\u308a\u623b\u3057\u305f\u3044\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\r\n\u30b1\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u5dde\u306e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u306f\u3001\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u5148\u99c6\u7684\u306a\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4ef6\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u9858\u671b\u304b\u3089\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3002\r\n\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u3001\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3067\u4ed6\u306e\u5dde\u3082\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u3053\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u306b\u52a0\u308f\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u79fb\u6c11\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"ja","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-07T13:28:46.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-07T13:28:46.000000Z"},{"id":"9e385197-a0b8-4d96-8ad0-4a09d7a29998","article_id":"90119","title":"Quebec Immigration Policy [\u0418\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430]","summary":"<p>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b (<em>\u0441\u043c.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u0418\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b<\/a>) \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \r\n \u043a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/a> \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b. \r\n \u0421 2015 \u043f\u043e 2019 \u0433\u043e\u0434 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a<\/a> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 250 000 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445, \r\n \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal-1\">\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044f<\/a>. (<em>\u0421\u043c.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/a>.)<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e010974968-v8.jpg\" title=\"\u0413\u0430\u0438\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0435\" alt=\"\u0413\u0430\u0438\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0435\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0421 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b 95 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loi-constitutionnelle-de-1867#:~:text=La%20Loi%20constitutionnelle%20de1867%20%C3%A9tait,le%201er%20juillet%201867.\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430<\/a> (1867 \u0433.) \r\n \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/a> \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/gouvernement-federal\">\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/a> \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0441 1971 \u043f\u043e 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \r\n \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430-\u041a\u043b\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0435 (1971 \u0433.) \u0438 \u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u2014 \u0411\u044c\u0435\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044e (1975 \u0433.) \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 1975 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \r\n \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/a> \u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \r\n \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u041a\u0443\u0442\u044e\u0440\u0430 (1978 \u0433.) \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0413\u0430\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430-\u0422\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u044f-\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0434\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 (1991 \u0433.), \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c <em>\u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c<\/em> \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044e \r\n \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a \r\n \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u044c\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugies\">\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432<\/a> (<em>\u0441\u043c.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies\">\u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \r\n \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439<\/a> \u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 (\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e 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\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \r\n \u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u044f. <em>\u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c<\/em>, \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u042d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><em>\u0414\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432: \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1968 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\">\u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">, \r\n \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u044e, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439.<\/a> \u041f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \r\n \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/loi-101\">\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430<\/a> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 101) \u0432 1977 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \r\n \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c 101 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b. \r\n \u0421 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0433. (<em>\u0421\u043c. \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politiques-linguistiques-du-quebec\">\u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/2054ba21-5e3a-46e4-b16f-d78ab8ceaaa8.jpg\" title=\"\u0428\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0430\" alt=\"\u0428\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0430\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0421 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0441 1970-\u0445 \u043f\u043e 1990-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u0442\u043e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/souverainete-association\">\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435<\/a> \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. (<em>\u0421\u043c. \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/le-quebec-comme-societe-distincte\">\u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/a>.) \r\n\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/francophone\">\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439<\/a> \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \r\n \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/laicite-au-quebec\">1980-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/interculturalisme\">\u043c\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438<\/a> \u2014 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalisme\">\u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434, \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u00ab\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439\u00bb \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440.<\/a> \r\n \u0412 1981 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/rene-levesque\">\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u00abAutant de fa\u00e7ons d&#39;\u00eatre Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois<\/a>\u00bb (\u00ab\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u00bb), \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430. \r\n \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043c\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a. \r\n\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432: \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1990-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c <em>\u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c<\/em> \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u00ab<em>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043c \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435<\/em>\u00bb, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0412 2000-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \r\n \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0449\u0440\u044f\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0443 \u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racisme\">\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c<\/a> \u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejuges-et-discrimination\">\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439<\/a>, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445. \r\n \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/la-commission-bouchard-taylor-sur-les-accommodements-raisonnables-au-quebec-2007-2008\">\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0411\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0440\u0430-\u0422\u0435\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/a> (2007\u20142008 \u0433\u0433.) \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0432 2010-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0421 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \r\n \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/la-charte-des-valeurs-quebecoises\">\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/a>, \u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \r\n \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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\u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. (<em>\u0421\u043c. \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">\u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/a>) \r\n \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 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\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \r\n \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044b \u0432 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0412 2022 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442 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\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u044f 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\r\n\u0418\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041a\u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0446\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441 \r\n \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439, \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435.<\/p>","slug":"immigruacionnaiarupolitikarukvebeka","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"ru","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-02-15T19:20:42.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-02-15T19:20:42.000000Z"}]},{"id":"5a3f273f-bd29-4bcb-95f5-cee9a5199426","author_text":"","revisor":"Clayton Ma","major_update":null,"trigger_warning":0,"views":0,"shares":0,"type":"article","itunes_songs":"","indigo":"","itunes_title_en":"","itunes_title_fr":"","indigo_title_en":"","indigo_title_fr":"","status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2020-11-10T14:27:05.000000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-10T14:27:05.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s","slug":"politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies","alt_slug":"","summary":"<p>La\r\npolitique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s se r\u00e9f\u00e8re \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont le\r\ngouvernement canadien cherche \u00e0 g\u00e9rer les groupes de demandeurs d\u2019asile\r\ncherchant refuge au Canada. La politique sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est fa\u00e7onn\u00e9e par les\r\nlois et r\u00e9glementations ainsi que par les trait\u00e9s internationaux. La migration\r\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est souvent tr\u00e8s politique et est influenc\u00e9e par l\u2019opinion\r\npublique.<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/1436a986-2cd6-40f4-a393-3d2d69724117.jpg\" title=\"L'arriv\u00e9e d'une famille de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens \u00e0 Toronto, 9 d\u00e9cembre 2015\" alt=\"L'arriv\u00e9e d'une famille de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens \u00e0 Toronto, 9 d\u00e9cembre 2015\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Concepts cl\u00e9s sur la migration et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Migrant <\/strong>\u2013 Les migrants sont d\u00e9finis au sens large comme \u00e9tant n\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger ou \u00e9tant des ressortissants \u00e9trangers qui se trouvent actuellement dans un pays autre que leur pays d\u2019origine. Les migrants peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre simplement d\u00e9finis\r\n\tcomme \u00e9tant des personnes qui se d\u00e9placent d\u2019un endroit \u00e0 l\u2019autre, y compris entre les fronti\u00e8res internationales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Demandeur d\u2019asile <\/strong>\u2013 Les demandeurs d\u2019asile sont des migrants en qu\u00eate de protection \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de leur pays d\u2019origine. Cependant, contrairement aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les demandes de protection des demandeurs d\u2019asile ne sont pas encore\r\n\tapprouv\u00e9es.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>R\u00e9fugi\u00e9 <\/strong>\u2013 Le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u00e9finit les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant ceux qui ont fui les conflits et les pers\u00e9cutions afin de chercher la protection dans un autre pays. Ainsi, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement\r\n\tdes demandeurs d\u2019asile qui ont obtenu le droit d\u2019asile dans un autre pays (statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La Convention de 1951 relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u00e9finit un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 comme une personne qui \u00ab\u00a0craignant avec raison d\u2019\u00eatre pers\u00e9cut\u00e9e du fait de sa race, de sa religion, de sa nationalit\u00e9, de son appartenance \u00e0 un certain groupe social ou de ses opinions\r\n\tpolitiques, se trouve hors du pays dont elle a la nationalit\u00e9 et qui ne peut ou, du fait de cette crainte, ne veut se r\u00e9clamer de la protection de ce pays.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Syst\u00e8me moderne de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et d\u2019asile du Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Au Canada, une personne peut obtenir le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 et par la suite la r\u00e9sidence permanente de deux mani\u00e8res. D\u2019abord, elle peut venir au Canada de son propre chef afin de demander asile, et doit passer par le syst\u00e8me canadien de d\u00e9termination du\r\n\tstatut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9. On appelle ces personnes des \u00ab\u00a0demandeurs d\u2019asile\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0revendicateurs du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019elles prouvent, devant la Commission de l\u2019immigration et du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9, qu\u2019elles devraient obtenir le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9\r\n\tet la r\u00e9sidence permanente au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Deuxi\u00e8mement, les personnes peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9install\u00e9es au Canada avec l\u2019aide du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, un organisme des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/organisation-des-nations-unies\">Nations Unies<\/a> responsable des r\u00e9ponses aux migrations forc\u00e9es et de la r\u00e9installation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuvent soit \u00eatre r\u00e9install\u00e9s par le gouvernement canadien, soit \u00eatre parrain\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re priv\u00e9e par des organismes ou des individus. Ils sont r\u00e9sidents\r\n\tpermanents \u00e0 leur arriv\u00e9e au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, 1867 \u00e0 1945<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Historiquement, le traitement que le Canada r\u00e9serve aux <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a> est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une importante discrimination bas\u00e9e sur la race et l\u2019ethnicit\u00e9 afin de d\u00e9courager certains groupes\r\n\tde migrants. Ces mesures racistes incluent, par exemple, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\">taxe d\u2019entr\u00e9e impos\u00e9e aux immigrants chinois au Canada<\/a> et la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\"><em>Loi de l\u2019immigration chinoise<\/em><\/a>.\r\n\tL\u2019approche d\u2019exclusion du Canada en mati\u00e8re de politique sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est probablement mieux d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par le refus du gouvernement d\u2019accueillir des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s juifs fuyant la pers\u00e9cution nazie durant les ann\u00e9es 1930. C\u2019est notamment le cas des passagers\r\n\t\u00e0 bord du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ms-st-louis\">paquebot <em>MS Saint Louis<\/em><\/a>. Le Canada a fini par accueillir l\u2019un des plus petits nombres qui soient de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s juifs.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/6d356bb1-8262-40a1-a024-3e8d3226a9da.jpg\" title=\"Passagers du Saint Louis\" alt=\"Passagers du Saint Louis\"><p><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Non seulement l\u2019admission des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est largement politique et arbitraire, mais la politique sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du Canada n\u2019est pas non plus coh\u00e9rente et cons\u00e9quente dans le sens moderne du terme. La plupart des d\u00e9cisions sont politiques et prises sur\r\n\tune base de cas par cas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, 1945 aux ann\u00e9es 1990<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Les perturbations caus\u00e9es par la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale d\u00e9placent de nombreuses personnes et m\u00e8nent \u00e0 la plus importante migration de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne. La politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s change pour accueillir ces r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre.\r\n\tIl faut noter que l\u2019\u00e9conomie canadienne est en plein essor et qu\u2019il existe un besoin croissant de travailleurs. Le gouvernement canadien subventionne le voyage de centaines de milliers de migrants au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1951, la Convention relative au statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 des Nations Unies \u00e9tablit des normes internationales quant \u00e0 la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Le principe de non-refoulement se trouve au c\u0153ur de ce document. Ce principe emp\u00eache les pays de renvoyer les\r\n\tr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (souvent contre leur gr\u00e9) dans des r\u00e9gions qui leur seraient dangereuses ou qui pourraient limiter leur libert\u00e9. En 1969, le Canada signe la Convention et son Protocole de 1967.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1962, un d\u00e9cret du gouvernement canadien abolit officiellement la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/racisme\">discrimination raciale<\/a> de la s\u00e9lection des immigrants (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">Politique d\u2019immigration canadienne<\/a>)\r\n\tet le Canada adopte une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/multiculturalisme\">politique multiculturelle<\/a> officielle en 1971. En avril 1978, la nouvelle <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> entre en vigueur et reconna\u00eet les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\r\n\tcomme \u00e9tant une cat\u00e9gorie officielle d\u2019immigrants. La <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> adopte \u00e9galement la d\u00e9finition compl\u00e8te \u00e9nonc\u00e9e lors de la Convention de 1951 des Nations Unies et son Protocole de 1967. La <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> de 1976 est remplac\u00e9e\r\n\ten 2002 par la <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f0b8a5dc-7603-4cc5-acff-82d619212f4a.jpg\" title=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1979.\" alt=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1979.\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Tout au long de la guerre froide, le Canada accueille de nombreuses cohortes de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du monde entier. La r\u00e9installation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s devient la marque de l\u2019histoire de la migration du Canada. En 1986, en reconnaissance de sa contribution exceptionnelle\r\n\t\u00e0 la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le Canada re\u00e7oit la M\u00e9daille Nansen du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, ann\u00e9es 1990 \u00e0 2015<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Entre les ann\u00e9es 1990 et le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es2010, le Canada adopte un certain nombre de politiques visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Suite aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/le-11-septembre-et-le-canada\">11 septembre<\/a> et \u00e0 l\u2019attention accrue port\u00e9e \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, plus de ressources sont d\u00e9tourn\u00e9es pour renforcer les fronti\u00e8res. On t\u00e9moigne \u00e9galement d\u2019une tentative g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de r\u00e9duction du nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de demandeurs d\u2019asile. En cons\u00e9quence, les\r\n\tr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont souvent repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s \u00e0 tort comme \u00e9tant li\u00e9s \u00e0 la criminalit\u00e9 et au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/la-loi-antiterroriste\">terrorisme<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2004, le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis signent l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">entente sur les tiers pays s\u00fbrs entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis<\/a>. Cette entente reconna\u00eet que\r\n\tles deux pays sont des \u00ab\u00a0tiers pays s\u00fbrs\u00a0\u00bb pour les demandeurs d\u2019asile. En tant que tel, il est possible pour les deux pays d\u2019emp\u00eacher les demandeurs d\u2019asile de venir de l\u2019autre pays pour demander le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sous le gouvernement <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/parti-conservateur\">conservateur<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/stephen-joseph-harper\">Stephen Harper<\/a>, la rh\u00e9torique contre les revendicateurs\r\n\tdu statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 s\u2019intensifie. Plusieurs groupes de demandeurs d\u2019asile sont accus\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre de \u00ab\u00a0faux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb et d\u2019\u00eatre des fraudeurs. Le gouvernement per\u00e7oit plusieurs r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant des individus qui tentent de profiter du syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration\r\n\tdu Canada. Cette attitude est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par l\u2019approche du gouvernement envers les demandeurs d\u2019asile tamouls <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/cinghalais\">sri lankais<\/a> \u00e0 bord du <em>MV Ocean Lady<\/em> et du <em>MV Sun Sea<\/em>,\r\n\ten 2009-2010. Les migrants tamouls sont emprisonn\u00e9s et accus\u00e9s de faire partie d\u2019une op\u00e9ration de trafic humain, bien que par la suite, ils se voient accorder le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s par le syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2012, le gouvernement canadien adopte le projet de loi C-31, ou la <em>Loi visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger le syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration du Canada<\/em>. Ce projet de loi restructure drastiquement les politiques du Canada en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et d\u2019immigration. Le projet\r\n\tde loi C-31 pr\u00e9sente un certain nombre de modifications restrictives \u00e0 la politique d\u2019admission des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. La politique est largement contest\u00e9e par les avocats, les docteurs et les d\u00e9fenseurs des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du Canada. De plus, le projet de loi C-31\r\n\tfait en sorte qu\u2019il est plus facile d\u2019exclure les prisonniers politiques et les militants de la d\u00e9finition de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9. Ce projet de loi met \u00e9galement en place des dispositions de d\u00e9tention obligatoire pour certains demandeurs d\u2019asile. Il lie \u00e9galement\r\n\t\u00e0 tort les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s fuyant la pers\u00e9cution \u00e0 des infractions de trafic humain. Ceci est en d\u00e9pit du droit international des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui comprend que ceux-ci doivent souvent utiliser des contrebandiers afin d\u2019\u00e9chapper au danger et de pouvoir obtenir l\u2019asile.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le projet de loi C-31 cr\u00e9e une liste de pays d\u2019origine d\u00e9sign\u00e9s, ou de \u00ab\u00a0pays s\u00fbrs\u00a0\u00bb, qui refusent les proc\u00e9dures d\u2019appel et qui ont des d\u00e9lais consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duits. Ces pays sont d\u00e9termin\u00e9s comme \u00ab\u00a0ne produisant pas de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb. Cependant, cette\r\n\tapproche ne prend pas en consid\u00e9ration les diff\u00e9rentes exp\u00e9riences des individus bas\u00e9es sur le sexe, l\u2019ethnicit\u00e9 ou l\u2019orientation sexuelle dans un pays donn\u00e9. La disposition du pays s\u00fbr est contest\u00e9e avec succ\u00e8s par la Cour f\u00e9d\u00e9rale en 2015, lorsque\r\n\tl\u2019absence de proc\u00e9dures d\u2019appel pour les demandeurs d\u2019asile originaires de ces pays est jug\u00e9e inconstitutionnelle.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les soins de sant\u00e9 pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont drastiquement r\u00e9duits sous le gouvernement conservateur. Cette politique est \u00e9galement contest\u00e9e avec succ\u00e8s \u00e0 la Cour f\u00e9d\u00e9rale en 2015, la juge Anna Mactavish qualifiant ces restrictions comme \u00e9tant \u00ab\u00a0un traitement\r\n\tcruel et inhabituel.\u00a0\u00bb En f\u00e9vrier 2016, le gouvernement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/parti-liberal\">lib\u00e9ral<\/a> annule ses compressions et r\u00e9tablit compl\u00e8tement les soins de sant\u00e9 pour tous les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Changements r\u00e9cents dans l\u2019intervention du Canada aupr\u00e8s des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>L\u2019intervention du Canada dans le conflit de la Syrie souligne \u00e0 quel point un changement au sein du gouvernement peut avoir un impact profond sur les politiques relatives aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale et internationale.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2015, un important nombre de Syriens sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en raison de la guerre civile qui fait rage dans leur pays. Alors que l\u2019ampleur de la crise des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s s\u2019aggrave et que les photos choquantes du cadavre d\u2019Alan Kurdi, un enfant migrant syrien de\r\n\ttrois ans, \u00e9chou\u00e9 sur la plage sont publi\u00e9es, l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/opinion-publique\">opinion publique<\/a> canadienne change. On demande que davantage d\u2019actions soient prises en faveur de l\u2019aide aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens.\r\n\tCependant, le gouvernement conservateur s\u2019engage \u00e0 ne r\u00e9installer qu\u2019un petit nombre de Syriens sur plusieurs ann\u00e9es. En revanche, le parti lib\u00e9ral men\u00e9 par Justin Trudeau s\u2019engage \u00e0 r\u00e9installer 25 000 Syriens avant la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. La question est\r\n\tfinalement tranch\u00e9e par une \u00e9lection f\u00e9d\u00e9rale \u00e0 l\u2019automne 2015, qui a pour r\u00e9sultat la victoire des lib\u00e9raux. Bien que l\u2019objectif initial fix\u00e9 par les lib\u00e9raux soit trop ambitieux, lorsque 2017 arrive, le Canada a r\u00e9install\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 54 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens\r\n\t(<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/reponse-canadienne-a-la-crise-des-refugies-syriens\">R\u00e9ponse canadienne \u00e0 la crise des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>De nouveaux gouvernements, des photos puissantes et un changement des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/opinion-publique\">opinions publiques<\/a> r\u00e9v\u00e8lent la vitesse \u00e0 laquelle les r\u00e9ponses politiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuvent\r\n\tchanger. La migration forc\u00e9e est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne complexe, et les politiques de migration m\u00e9langent souvent les politiques nationales et internationales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Enjeux actuels<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2018, le Canada r\u00e9installe plus de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s que tout autre pays. Selon le rapport annuel sur les tendances mondiales publi\u00e9 par le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le Canada a accueilli 28 100 des 92 400 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9install\u00e9s\r\n\t\u00e0 travers 25 pays. Le rapport d\u00e9montre \u00e9galement que plus de 18 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont devenus citoyens canadiens cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0, ce qui en fait le pays comptant le deuxi\u00e8me taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 obtenir leur citoyennet\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bien que le Canada r\u00e9installe plus de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s que la plupart des autres pays, ce n\u2019est pourtant pas le pays qui accueille le plus de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. La plupart des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des demandeurs d\u2019asile qui fuient vers les pays avoisinants pour\r\n\tdemander une protection plut\u00f4t que d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9install\u00e9s. En raison de la position g\u00e9ographique isol\u00e9e du Canada, le pays ne re\u00e7oit qu\u2019un petit nombre de demandeurs d\u2019asile comparativement \u00e0 d\u2019autres pays. Ces autres pays ont tendance \u00e0 accueillir un nombre\r\n\tplus large de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs fronti\u00e8res, alors que le Canada choisit le nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9installer qu\u2019il accueillera.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Toutefois, il y a eu une augmentation de demandeurs d\u2019asile se pr\u00e9sentant \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re canadienne. Ce fut notamment le cas durant les ann\u00e9es de l\u2019administration de Donald Trump aux \u00c9tats-Unis. L\u2019hostilit\u00e9 de cette administration envers la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-irreguliere\">migration\tirr\u00e9guli\u00e8re<\/a>\tpousse de nombreux demandeurs d\u2019asile \u00e0 chercher refuge au Canada. Cependant, en raison de l\u2019entente sur les tiers pays s\u00fbrs entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis, les demandes d\u2019asile de ces migrants sont refus\u00e9es s\u2019ils tentent d\u2019entrer par un point d\u2019entr\u00e9e\r\n\tofficiel. Afin de contourner ce probl\u00e8me, les demandeurs d\u2019asile effectuent des passages frontaliers irr\u00e9guliers vers le Canada. Le gouvernement r\u00e9agit \u00e0 cette augmentation de migration irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re en mettant en place des points de contr\u00f4le \u00e0 l\u2019endroit\r\n\tde ces passages frontaliers non officiels afin d\u2019intercepter et de traiter les demandes des migrants. Toutefois, une fois au Canada, ces demandeurs d\u2019asile peuvent faire une demande de statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 et ainsi \u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/charte-canadienne-des-droits-et-libertes\">Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Vers la fin de mars 2023, le gouvernement du Canada et celui des \u00c9tats-Unis annoncent des modifications significatives \u00e0 l\u2019ETPS. D\u00e8s maintenant, l\u2019Entente s\u2019applique \u00e0 toute la fronti\u00e8re terrestre, y compris aux passages frontaliers irr\u00e9guliers comme\r\n\tcelui du chemin Roxham. En vertu de cette modification, les demandeurs d\u2019asile traversant irr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement la fronti\u00e8re seront renvoy\u00e9s aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Certains groupes sont exempt\u00e9s, y compris les mineurs non accompagn\u00e9s, les migrants dont la famille\r\n\test \u00e9tablie au Canada et les demandeurs d\u2019asile ayant commis une infraction pouvant donner lieu \u00e0 la peine de mort.<\/p>","twitter_summary":null,"pivot":{"model_id":"72064","relatable_id":"5a3f273f-bd29-4bcb-95f5-cee9a5199426","relatable_type":"App\\Models\\Article","position":5},"translations":[{"id":"3679c89f-8cfa-4a39-bdaa-2004e4af3b91","article_id":"5a3f273f-bd29-4bcb-95f5-cee9a5199426","title":"Canadian Refugee Policy","summary":"<p>Canadian Refugee policy refers to the way the Canadian government seeks to manage groups of asylum seekers looking for refuge in Canada. Refugee policy is shaped by domestic laws and regulations as well as international treaties. Refugee migration is\r\n\toften very political and influenced by public opinion.<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/1436a986-2cd6-40f4-a393-3d2d69724117.jpg\" title=\"Syrian Refugee Family Landed in Toronto, 9 dec. 2015\" alt=\"Syrian Refugee Family Landed in Toronto, 9 dec. 2015\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Key Concepts about Migration and Refugees<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Migrant<\/strong> \u2014 Migrants are broadly defined as foreign-born or foreign nationals currently in a country other than their country of origin. Migrants can also be simply defined as people who move from one place to another, including across\r\n\tinternational borders.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Asylum seeker<\/strong> \u2014 Asylum seekers are migrants in search of protection outside of their countries of origin. However, unlike refugees, asylum seekers\u2019 requests for protection have yet to be approved.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Refugee<\/strong> \u2014 The United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) defines refugees as those who have fled from conflict and persecution to seek protection in another country. As such, refugees are generally asylum seekers who have been\r\n\tgranted the right to asylum in another country (refugee status).<\/p>\r\n<p>The 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees defines refugees as: \u201csomeone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular\r\n\tsocial group, or political opinion.\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Canada's Modern Refugee and Asylum System<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>In Canada, people can gain refugee status and subsequent permanent residence in two ways. First, they can come to Canada on their own to seek asylum and must proceed through Canada's refugee determination system. They are referred to as \"asylum seekers\"or\r\n\t\"refugee claimants\" until they successfully prove before the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) that they should be granted refugee status and permanent residence in Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Second, people can be resettled to Canada with the assistance of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/united-nations\/\">United Nations<\/a> body in charge of forced migration\r\n\tresponses and refugee resettlement. Refugees can either be resettled by the Canadian government, or else they can be privately sponsored by organizations or individuals. They are permanent residents upon arrival in Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Canadian Refugee Policy, 1867\u20131945<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Historically, Canada\u2019s treatment of <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">refugees <\/a>was characterized by significant discrimination on the basis of race and ethnicity to discourage certain groups of migrants. These racist\r\n\tmeasures included, for instance, the <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/search?search=chinese+head+tax\">Chinese Head Tax <\/a>and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\">Chinese Immigration Act<\/a>.\r\n\tCanada\u2019s exclusionary approach to refugee policy is perhaps best represented by the government\u2019s refusal to take in Jewish refugees fleeing from Nazi persecution in the 1930s. This was notably the case with the passengers onboard the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ms-st-louis\">MS St. Louis<\/a>.\r\n\tCanada would end up taking in one of the smallest numbers of Jewish refugees.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/6d356bb1-8262-40a1-a024-3e8d3226a9da.jpg\" title=\"St. Louis Passengers\" alt=\"St. Louis Passengers\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Not only was refugee admission largely political and arbitrary, Canada also did not have a cohesive and consistent refugee policy in the modern sense. Most decisions were political and made on a case to case basis.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Canadian Refugee Policy, 1945\u20131990s<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>The disruptions brought about by the Second World War displaced many people and led to the largest refugee migration in European history. Canadian refugee policy changed to welcome these postwar refugees. Not least because the Canadian economy was now\r\n\tbooming and there was a need for more workers. The Canadian government would subsidize hundreds of thousands of migrants\u2019 journeys to Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1951, the UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees set the international norms for protecting refugees. Central to this document was the principle of \u201cnon-refoulement.\u201d This principle prevents countries from sending back refugees (often, against\r\n\ttheir will) to areas which could be dangerous or might limit their freedom. Canada signed the Convention and its 1967 Protocol in 1969.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1962, a Canadian government order officially abolished <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">racial discrimination<\/a> in the selection of immigrants (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">Immigration Policy<\/a>)\r\n\tand Canada adopted an official <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\/\">multicultural policy<\/a> in 1971. In April 1978, the new Immigration Act came into effect and recognized refugees as an official category of\r\n\timmigrants. The Immigration Act also adopted the comprehensive definition set out in the 1951 UN Convention and its 1967 Protocol. The 1976 Immigration Act was replaced by the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act in 2002.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f0b8a5dc-7603-4cc5-acff-82d619212f4a.jpg\" title=\"Vietnamese boat people\" alt=\"Vietnamese boat people\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Throughout the Cold War, Canada would welcome multiple refugee cohorts from across the world. Refugee resettlement became a hallmark of Canadian migration history. In 1986, in recognition of its exceptional contribution to refugee protection, Canada was\r\n\tawarded the Nansen Medal by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Canadian Refugee Policy, 1990s\u20132015<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>From the 1990s\u2013early 2010s, Canada enacted a number of policies aimed at curtailing the number of refugees. In the aftermath of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canada-and-911\/\">9\/11<\/a> and the increased focus on national security,\r\n\tmore resources were diverted to strengthen border enforcement. There was also a general attempt at decreasing numbers of refugees and asylum seekers. As a result, refugees were often wrongfully depicted as being linked to criminality and\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/anti-terrorism-act\/\">terrorism<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 2004, Canada and the United States signed the <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Canada-United States Safe Third Country Agreement<\/a>. The agreement recognized both countries as\r\n\tbeing \u201csafe third countries\u201d for asylum seekers. As such, it was possible for both countries to prevent asylum seekers from coming in from the other country to apply for refugee status.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Under the <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/conservative-party\">Conservative<\/a> government of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/stephen-joseph-harper\">Stephen Harper<\/a>, the rhetoric against refugee claimants\r\n\twas intensified. Many groups of asylum seekers were accused of being \u201cbogus refugees\u201d and fraudulent. The government viewed many refugees as individuals trying to take advantage of Canada\u2019s immigration system. This attitude characterized the government\u2019s\r\n\tapproach to the <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/sinhalese\">Sri Lankan<\/a> Tamil asylum seekers on the MV Ocean Lady and MV Sun Sea in 2009-2010. The Tamil migrants were imprisoned and accused of being part of a human smuggling\r\n\toperation despite many later being granted refugee status by Canada\u2019s refugee system.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 2012, the Canadian government passed Bill C-31, or the Protecting Canada\u2019s Immigration System Act. The Bill drastically restructured Canada's refugee and immigration policies. Bill C-31 introduced a number of restrictive changes to refugee admission\r\n\tpolicy. The policy was widely protested by lawyers, doctors and refugee advocates in Canada. Moreover, Bill C-31 made it easier to exclude political prisoners and activists from the refugee definition. The Bill also put in place mandatory detention provisions\r\n\tfor certain groups of refugee claimants. It also incorrectly linked refugees fleeing persecution to human smuggling offences. This is in spite of international refugee law that understands that refugees often have to use smugglers to escape danger and\r\n\treach asylum.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bill C-31 created a list of designated countries of origin, or \"safe countries,\" which denied appeal procedures and significantly shortened timelines. These countries were determined to \"not likely produce refugees\". However, this approach did not take\r\n\tinto consideration individuals\u2019 different experiences based on gender, ethnicity or sexual orientation in any particular country. The safe country provision was successfully challenged at the Federal Court in 2015, when the lack of appeal procedures\r\n\tfor refugee claimants coming from these countries was deemed unconstitutional.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Healthcare for refugees was drastically cut under the Conservative government. This policy was also successfully challenged at the Federal Court in 2015 Justice Anne Mactavish would describe these cuts as being \"cruel and unusual treatment.\" In February\r\n\t2016, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/liberal-party\/\">Liberal<\/a> government reversed the cuts and fully reinstated healthcare for all refugees.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Recent Changes to Canada's Refugee Responses<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada's response to the conflict in Syria highlights how a change in government can have profound effects on refugee policies domestically and internationally.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>By 2015, a large number of Syrians had been displaced by the civil war in their country. As the scale of the refugee crisis increased and shocking pictures of Alan Kurdi\u2019s \u2014 a three years old Syrian migrant \u2014 dead body washed up on a beach were published,\r\n\tCanadian <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/public-opinion\/\">public opinion<\/a> shifted. More action was demanded in favour of helping Syrian refugees. However, the Conservative government only committed to resettling a small\r\n\tnumber of Syrians over the course of multiple years. In contrast, the Liberal party led by Justin Trudeau committed to resettling 25,000 by the end of the year. The issue was ultimately decided by a federal election in Fall 2015 which resulted in a Liberal\r\n\tvictory. While the original goal set by the Liberals was too ambitious, Canada did resettle around 54,000 Syrian refugees by 2017. (See also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-response-to-the-syrian-refugee-crisis\">Canadian Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>New governments, powerful pictures and shifting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/public-opinion\/\">popular opinions<\/a> reveal the speed with which policy responses towards refugees change. Forced migration is a highly complex\r\n\tphenomenon, and migration policies often blend together international and domestic politics.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Ongoing Challenges<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>In 2018, Canada resettled more refugees than any other country. According to the annual global trends report released by the UNHCR, Canada took in 28,100 of the 92,400 refugees who were resettled across 25 countries. The report also shows that over 18,000\r\n\trefugees became Canadian citizens that year, making it the country with the second highest rate of refugees to gain citizenship.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>While Canada resettles more refugees than most other countries, it is not the country which receives the most refugees. Most refugees are typically asylum seekers who flee to neighbouring countries for protection as opposed to being resettled. Due to\r\n\tCanada\u2019s isolated geographic position, the country only receives a small number of asylum seekers compared to other countries. These other countries tend to get a much larger number of refugees at their borders whereas Canada gets to choose the number\r\n\tof resettled refugees it welcomes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>There has, however, been an increase in the number of asylum seekers presenting themselves to the Canadian border. This was notably the case during the years of the Donald Trump administration in the United States. That administration\u2019s hostility towards\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/irregular-immigration\">irregular migration<\/a> pushed many asylum seekers to seek refuge in Canada. However, due to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">Canada-United States Safe Third Country Agreement (STCA)<\/a>,\r\n\tthese migrants\u2019 refugee claims would be denied if they tried to enter via an official point of entry. To bypass this issue, asylum seekers performed irregular border crossings into Canada. The government reacted to this increase in irregular migration\r\n\tby setting up checkpoints at these unofficial border crossings to intercept and process irregular migrants\u2019 claims. However, once in Canada, these asylum seekers could apply for refugee status and were protected by the Canadian <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\">Charter of Rights and Freedoms<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In late March 2023, the Canadian and US governments announced important changes to the STCA. The treaty now applies to the entire land border, including irregular border crossings like Roxham Road. The change means that many asylum seekers who cross the\r\n\tborder irregularly will be returned to the US. Certain groups are exempted, these include unaccompanied minors, migrants with family in Canada and asylum seekers at risk of getting the death penalty.<\/p>","slug":"canadian-refugee-policy","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"en","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2020-11-10T14:27:05.000000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-10T14:27:05.000000Z"},{"id":"bd63ebdf-a025-4538-822e-bad0dd5707c9","article_id":"5a3f273f-bd29-4bcb-95f5-cee9a5199426","title":"Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s","summary":"<p>La\r\npolitique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s se r\u00e9f\u00e8re \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont le\r\ngouvernement canadien cherche \u00e0 g\u00e9rer les groupes de demandeurs d\u2019asile\r\ncherchant refuge au Canada. La politique sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est fa\u00e7onn\u00e9e par les\r\nlois et r\u00e9glementations ainsi que par les trait\u00e9s internationaux. La migration\r\ndes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est souvent tr\u00e8s politique et est influenc\u00e9e par l\u2019opinion\r\npublique.<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/1436a986-2cd6-40f4-a393-3d2d69724117.jpg\" title=\"L'arriv\u00e9e d'une famille de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens \u00e0 Toronto, 9 d\u00e9cembre 2015\" alt=\"L'arriv\u00e9e d'une famille de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens \u00e0 Toronto, 9 d\u00e9cembre 2015\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Concepts cl\u00e9s sur la migration et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Migrant <\/strong>\u2013 Les migrants sont d\u00e9finis au sens large comme \u00e9tant n\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger ou \u00e9tant des ressortissants \u00e9trangers qui se trouvent actuellement dans un pays autre que leur pays d\u2019origine. Les migrants peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre simplement d\u00e9finis\r\n\tcomme \u00e9tant des personnes qui se d\u00e9placent d\u2019un endroit \u00e0 l\u2019autre, y compris entre les fronti\u00e8res internationales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Demandeur d\u2019asile <\/strong>\u2013 Les demandeurs d\u2019asile sont des migrants en qu\u00eate de protection \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de leur pays d\u2019origine. Cependant, contrairement aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les demandes de protection des demandeurs d\u2019asile ne sont pas encore\r\n\tapprouv\u00e9es.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>R\u00e9fugi\u00e9 <\/strong>\u2013 Le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u00e9finit les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant ceux qui ont fui les conflits et les pers\u00e9cutions afin de chercher la protection dans un autre pays. Ainsi, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement\r\n\tdes demandeurs d\u2019asile qui ont obtenu le droit d\u2019asile dans un autre pays (statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La Convention de 1951 relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u00e9finit un r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 comme une personne qui \u00ab\u00a0craignant avec raison d\u2019\u00eatre pers\u00e9cut\u00e9e du fait de sa race, de sa religion, de sa nationalit\u00e9, de son appartenance \u00e0 un certain groupe social ou de ses opinions\r\n\tpolitiques, se trouve hors du pays dont elle a la nationalit\u00e9 et qui ne peut ou, du fait de cette crainte, ne veut se r\u00e9clamer de la protection de ce pays.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Syst\u00e8me moderne de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et d\u2019asile du Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Au Canada, une personne peut obtenir le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 et par la suite la r\u00e9sidence permanente de deux mani\u00e8res. D\u2019abord, elle peut venir au Canada de son propre chef afin de demander asile, et doit passer par le syst\u00e8me canadien de d\u00e9termination du\r\n\tstatut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9. On appelle ces personnes des \u00ab\u00a0demandeurs d\u2019asile\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0revendicateurs du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019elles prouvent, devant la Commission de l\u2019immigration et du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9, qu\u2019elles devraient obtenir le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9\r\n\tet la r\u00e9sidence permanente au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Deuxi\u00e8mement, les personnes peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9install\u00e9es au Canada avec l\u2019aide du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, un organisme des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/organisation-des-nations-unies\">Nations Unies<\/a> responsable des r\u00e9ponses aux migrations forc\u00e9es et de la r\u00e9installation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuvent soit \u00eatre r\u00e9install\u00e9s par le gouvernement canadien, soit \u00eatre parrain\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re priv\u00e9e par des organismes ou des individus. Ils sont r\u00e9sidents\r\n\tpermanents \u00e0 leur arriv\u00e9e au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, 1867 \u00e0 1945<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Historiquement, le traitement que le Canada r\u00e9serve aux <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/a> est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une importante discrimination bas\u00e9e sur la race et l\u2019ethnicit\u00e9 afin de d\u00e9courager certains groupes\r\n\tde migrants. Ces mesures racistes incluent, par exemple, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-head-tax-in-canada\">taxe d\u2019entr\u00e9e impos\u00e9e aux immigrants chinois au Canada<\/a> et la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/chinese-immigration-act\"><em>Loi de l\u2019immigration chinoise<\/em><\/a>.\r\n\tL\u2019approche d\u2019exclusion du Canada en mati\u00e8re de politique sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est probablement mieux d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par le refus du gouvernement d\u2019accueillir des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s juifs fuyant la pers\u00e9cution nazie durant les ann\u00e9es 1930. C\u2019est notamment le cas des passagers\r\n\t\u00e0 bord du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ms-st-louis\">paquebot <em>MS Saint Louis<\/em><\/a>. Le Canada a fini par accueillir l\u2019un des plus petits nombres qui soient de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s juifs.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/6d356bb1-8262-40a1-a024-3e8d3226a9da.jpg\" title=\"Passagers du Saint Louis\" alt=\"Passagers du Saint Louis\"><p><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Non seulement l\u2019admission des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s est largement politique et arbitraire, mais la politique sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du Canada n\u2019est pas non plus coh\u00e9rente et cons\u00e9quente dans le sens moderne du terme. La plupart des d\u00e9cisions sont politiques et prises sur\r\n\tune base de cas par cas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, 1945 aux ann\u00e9es 1990<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Les perturbations caus\u00e9es par la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale d\u00e9placent de nombreuses personnes et m\u00e8nent \u00e0 la plus importante migration de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire europ\u00e9enne. La politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s change pour accueillir ces r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre.\r\n\tIl faut noter que l\u2019\u00e9conomie canadienne est en plein essor et qu\u2019il existe un besoin croissant de travailleurs. Le gouvernement canadien subventionne le voyage de centaines de milliers de migrants au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1951, la Convention relative au statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 des Nations Unies \u00e9tablit des normes internationales quant \u00e0 la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Le principe de non-refoulement se trouve au c\u0153ur de ce document. Ce principe emp\u00eache les pays de renvoyer les\r\n\tr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (souvent contre leur gr\u00e9) dans des r\u00e9gions qui leur seraient dangereuses ou qui pourraient limiter leur libert\u00e9. En 1969, le Canada signe la Convention et son Protocole de 1967.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1962, un d\u00e9cret du gouvernement canadien abolit officiellement la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/racisme\">discrimination raciale<\/a> de la s\u00e9lection des immigrants (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">Politique d\u2019immigration canadienne<\/a>)\r\n\tet le Canada adopte une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/multiculturalisme\">politique multiculturelle<\/a> officielle en 1971. En avril 1978, la nouvelle <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> entre en vigueur et reconna\u00eet les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\r\n\tcomme \u00e9tant une cat\u00e9gorie officielle d\u2019immigrants. La <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> adopte \u00e9galement la d\u00e9finition compl\u00e8te \u00e9nonc\u00e9e lors de la Convention de 1951 des Nations Unies et son Protocole de 1967. La <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration<\/em> de 1976 est remplac\u00e9e\r\n\ten 2002 par la <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/f0b8a5dc-7603-4cc5-acff-82d619212f4a.jpg\" title=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1979.\" alt=\"R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de la mer du Vi\u00eat-Nam, 1979.\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Tout au long de la guerre froide, le Canada accueille de nombreuses cohortes de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du monde entier. La r\u00e9installation des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s devient la marque de l\u2019histoire de la migration du Canada. En 1986, en reconnaissance de sa contribution exceptionnelle\r\n\t\u00e0 la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le Canada re\u00e7oit la M\u00e9daille Nansen du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Politique canadienne sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, ann\u00e9es 1990 \u00e0 2015<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Entre les ann\u00e9es 1990 et le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es2010, le Canada adopte un certain nombre de politiques visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Suite aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/le-11-septembre-et-le-canada\">11 septembre<\/a> et \u00e0 l\u2019attention accrue port\u00e9e \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, plus de ressources sont d\u00e9tourn\u00e9es pour renforcer les fronti\u00e8res. On t\u00e9moigne \u00e9galement d\u2019une tentative g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de r\u00e9duction du nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de demandeurs d\u2019asile. En cons\u00e9quence, les\r\n\tr\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont souvent repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s \u00e0 tort comme \u00e9tant li\u00e9s \u00e0 la criminalit\u00e9 et au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/la-loi-antiterroriste\">terrorisme<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2004, le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis signent l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement\">entente sur les tiers pays s\u00fbrs entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis<\/a>. Cette entente reconna\u00eet que\r\n\tles deux pays sont des \u00ab\u00a0tiers pays s\u00fbrs\u00a0\u00bb pour les demandeurs d\u2019asile. En tant que tel, il est possible pour les deux pays d\u2019emp\u00eacher les demandeurs d\u2019asile de venir de l\u2019autre pays pour demander le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sous le gouvernement <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/parti-conservateur\">conservateur<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/stephen-joseph-harper\">Stephen Harper<\/a>, la rh\u00e9torique contre les revendicateurs\r\n\tdu statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 s\u2019intensifie. Plusieurs groupes de demandeurs d\u2019asile sont accus\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre de \u00ab\u00a0faux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb et d\u2019\u00eatre des fraudeurs. Le gouvernement per\u00e7oit plusieurs r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant des individus qui tentent de profiter du syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration\r\n\tdu Canada. Cette attitude est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par l\u2019approche du gouvernement envers les demandeurs d\u2019asile tamouls <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/cinghalais\">sri lankais<\/a> \u00e0 bord du <em>MV Ocean Lady<\/em> et du <em>MV Sun Sea<\/em>,\r\n\ten 2009-2010. Les migrants tamouls sont emprisonn\u00e9s et accus\u00e9s de faire partie d\u2019une op\u00e9ration de trafic humain, bien que par la suite, ils se voient accorder le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s par le syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2012, le gouvernement canadien adopte le projet de loi C-31, ou la <em>Loi visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger le syst\u00e8me d\u2019immigration du Canada<\/em>. Ce projet de loi restructure drastiquement les politiques du Canada en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et d\u2019immigration. Le projet\r\n\tde loi C-31 pr\u00e9sente un certain nombre de modifications restrictives \u00e0 la politique d\u2019admission des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. La politique est largement contest\u00e9e par les avocats, les docteurs et les d\u00e9fenseurs des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du Canada. De plus, le projet de loi C-31\r\n\tfait en sorte qu\u2019il est plus facile d\u2019exclure les prisonniers politiques et les militants de la d\u00e9finition de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9. Ce projet de loi met \u00e9galement en place des dispositions de d\u00e9tention obligatoire pour certains demandeurs d\u2019asile. Il lie \u00e9galement\r\n\t\u00e0 tort les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s fuyant la pers\u00e9cution \u00e0 des infractions de trafic humain. Ceci est en d\u00e9pit du droit international des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui comprend que ceux-ci doivent souvent utiliser des contrebandiers afin d\u2019\u00e9chapper au danger et de pouvoir obtenir l\u2019asile.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le projet de loi C-31 cr\u00e9e une liste de pays d\u2019origine d\u00e9sign\u00e9s, ou de \u00ab\u00a0pays s\u00fbrs\u00a0\u00bb, qui refusent les proc\u00e9dures d\u2019appel et qui ont des d\u00e9lais consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duits. Ces pays sont d\u00e9termin\u00e9s comme \u00ab\u00a0ne produisant pas de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb. Cependant, cette\r\n\tapproche ne prend pas en consid\u00e9ration les diff\u00e9rentes exp\u00e9riences des individus bas\u00e9es sur le sexe, l\u2019ethnicit\u00e9 ou l\u2019orientation sexuelle dans un pays donn\u00e9. La disposition du pays s\u00fbr est contest\u00e9e avec succ\u00e8s par la Cour f\u00e9d\u00e9rale en 2015, lorsque\r\n\tl\u2019absence de proc\u00e9dures d\u2019appel pour les demandeurs d\u2019asile originaires de ces pays est jug\u00e9e inconstitutionnelle.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les soins de sant\u00e9 pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont drastiquement r\u00e9duits sous le gouvernement conservateur. Cette politique est \u00e9galement contest\u00e9e avec succ\u00e8s \u00e0 la Cour f\u00e9d\u00e9rale en 2015, la juge Anna Mactavish qualifiant ces restrictions comme \u00e9tant \u00ab\u00a0un traitement\r\n\tcruel et inhabituel.\u00a0\u00bb En f\u00e9vrier 2016, le gouvernement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/parti-liberal\">lib\u00e9ral<\/a> annule ses compressions et r\u00e9tablit compl\u00e8tement les soins de sant\u00e9 pour tous les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Changements r\u00e9cents dans l\u2019intervention du Canada aupr\u00e8s des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>L\u2019intervention du Canada dans le conflit de la Syrie souligne \u00e0 quel point un changement au sein du gouvernement peut avoir un impact profond sur les politiques relatives aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale et internationale.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2015, un important nombre de Syriens sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s en raison de la guerre civile qui fait rage dans leur pays. Alors que l\u2019ampleur de la crise des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s s\u2019aggrave et que les photos choquantes du cadavre d\u2019Alan Kurdi, un enfant migrant syrien de\r\n\ttrois ans, \u00e9chou\u00e9 sur la plage sont publi\u00e9es, l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/opinion-publique\">opinion publique<\/a> canadienne change. On demande que davantage d\u2019actions soient prises en faveur de l\u2019aide aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens.\r\n\tCependant, le gouvernement conservateur s\u2019engage \u00e0 ne r\u00e9installer qu\u2019un petit nombre de Syriens sur plusieurs ann\u00e9es. En revanche, le parti lib\u00e9ral men\u00e9 par Justin Trudeau s\u2019engage \u00e0 r\u00e9installer 25 000 Syriens avant la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. La question est\r\n\tfinalement tranch\u00e9e par une \u00e9lection f\u00e9d\u00e9rale \u00e0 l\u2019automne 2015, qui a pour r\u00e9sultat la victoire des lib\u00e9raux. Bien que l\u2019objectif initial fix\u00e9 par les lib\u00e9raux soit trop ambitieux, lorsque 2017 arrive, le Canada a r\u00e9install\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 54 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens\r\n\t(<em>voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/reponse-canadienne-a-la-crise-des-refugies-syriens\">R\u00e9ponse canadienne \u00e0 la crise des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s syriens<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>De nouveaux gouvernements, des photos puissantes et un changement des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/opinion-publique\">opinions publiques<\/a> r\u00e9v\u00e8lent la vitesse \u00e0 laquelle les r\u00e9ponses politiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s peuvent\r\n\tchanger. La migration forc\u00e9e est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne complexe, et les politiques de migration m\u00e9langent souvent les politiques nationales et internationales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Enjeux actuels<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2018, le Canada r\u00e9installe plus de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s que tout autre pays. Selon le rapport annuel sur les tendances mondiales publi\u00e9 par le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, le Canada a accueilli 28 100 des 92 400 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9install\u00e9s\r\n\t\u00e0 travers 25 pays. Le rapport d\u00e9montre \u00e9galement que plus de 18 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont devenus citoyens canadiens cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0, ce qui en fait le pays comptant le deuxi\u00e8me taux le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 obtenir leur citoyennet\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bien que le Canada r\u00e9installe plus de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s que la plupart des autres pays, ce n\u2019est pourtant pas le pays qui accueille le plus de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. La plupart des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des demandeurs d\u2019asile qui fuient vers les pays avoisinants pour\r\n\tdemander une protection plut\u00f4t que d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9install\u00e9s. En raison de la position g\u00e9ographique isol\u00e9e du Canada, le pays ne re\u00e7oit qu\u2019un petit nombre de demandeurs d\u2019asile comparativement \u00e0 d\u2019autres pays. Ces autres pays ont tendance \u00e0 accueillir un nombre\r\n\tplus large de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs fronti\u00e8res, alors que le Canada choisit le nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9installer qu\u2019il accueillera.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Toutefois, il y a eu une augmentation de demandeurs d\u2019asile se pr\u00e9sentant \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re canadienne. Ce fut notamment le cas durant les ann\u00e9es de l\u2019administration de Donald Trump aux \u00c9tats-Unis. L\u2019hostilit\u00e9 de cette administration envers la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-irreguliere\">migration\tirr\u00e9guli\u00e8re<\/a>\tpousse de nombreux demandeurs d\u2019asile \u00e0 chercher refuge au Canada. Cependant, en raison de l\u2019entente sur les tiers pays s\u00fbrs entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats-Unis, les demandes d\u2019asile de ces migrants sont refus\u00e9es s\u2019ils tentent d\u2019entrer par un point d\u2019entr\u00e9e\r\n\tofficiel. Afin de contourner ce probl\u00e8me, les demandeurs d\u2019asile effectuent des passages frontaliers irr\u00e9guliers vers le Canada. Le gouvernement r\u00e9agit \u00e0 cette augmentation de migration irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re en mettant en place des points de contr\u00f4le \u00e0 l\u2019endroit\r\n\tde ces passages frontaliers non officiels afin d\u2019intercepter et de traiter les demandes des migrants. Toutefois, une fois au Canada, ces demandeurs d\u2019asile peuvent faire une demande de statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 et ainsi \u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/charte-canadienne-des-droits-et-libertes\">Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Vers la fin de mars 2023, le gouvernement du Canada et celui des \u00c9tats-Unis annoncent des modifications significatives \u00e0 l\u2019ETPS. D\u00e8s maintenant, l\u2019Entente s\u2019applique \u00e0 toute la fronti\u00e8re terrestre, y compris aux passages frontaliers irr\u00e9guliers comme\r\n\tcelui du chemin Roxham. En vertu de cette modification, les demandeurs d\u2019asile traversant irr\u00e9guli\u00e8rement la fronti\u00e8re seront renvoy\u00e9s aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Certains groupes sont exempt\u00e9s, y compris les mineurs non accompagn\u00e9s, les migrants dont la famille\r\n\test \u00e9tablie au Canada et les demandeurs d\u2019asile ayant commis une infraction pouvant donner lieu \u00e0 la peine de mort.<\/p>","slug":"politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"fr","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2020-11-10T14:27:05.000000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-10T14:27:05.000000Z"}]},{"id":"72099","author_text":"Donald H. Avery","revisor":"Jessica Poulin","major_update":null,"trigger_warning":0,"views":0,"shares":0,"type":"article","itunes_songs":"","indigo":"","itunes_title_en":"","itunes_title_fr":"","indigo_title_en":"","indigo_title_fr":"","status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-10-27T14:13:06.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"Immigration \u00e9conomique au Canada","slug":"main-doeuvre-immigrante","alt_slug":"","summary":"<p>La prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 actuelle et future du Canada d\u00e9pend du recrutement d\u2019immigrants. Les nouveaux arrivants comblent les lacunes dans la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/population-active\">population active<\/a> du Canada, ils cr\u00e9ent\r\n\tde nouvelles entreprises, et ils investissent dans l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/economy\">\u00e9conomie<\/a> canadienne. Les immigrants \u00e9conomiques peuvent \u00eatre des employ\u00e9s ou des employeurs. Ils deviennent pour la plupart\r\n\tdes r\u00e9sidents permanents lorsqu\u2019ils immigrent au Canada. Ce groupe n\u2019inclut pas les nombreux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">travailleurs \u00e9trangers temporaires<\/a> qui contribuent\r\n\t\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie canadienne. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">Immigration au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les immigrants \u00e9conomiques apportent du talent, de l\u2019innovation, des membres de famille, et des investissements financiers au Canada. Ils enrichissent \u00e9galement la culture, le patrimoine, et les opportunit\u00e9s du pays. Le progr\u00e8s technologique, la productivit\u00e9,\r\n\tet la croissance \u00e9conomique profitent tous de ces nouveaux arrivants. Des \u00e9tudes d\u00e9montrent que les nouveaux arrivants n\u2019ont que peu ou pas d\u2019effets n\u00e9gatifs sur le salaire des autres travailleurs canadiens.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Selon le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">recensement<\/a> de 2021, 1,3 million d\u2019immigrants se sont install\u00e9s au Canada entre 2016 et 2021. Le recensement identifie 748\u2009120 immigrants\r\n\t\u00e9conomiques vivant au Canada sur le total de 1,3 million.<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/new_article_images\/EconomicImmigration\/permanent_residence.jpg\" title=\"Documents de r\u00e9sidence permanente\" alt=\"Photo des documents de r\u00e9sidence permanente\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Contexte<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>La <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/em> de 2001 \u00e9nonce les objectifs du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/parliament\">Parlement<\/a> quant \u00e0 la <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-policy\">politique d\u2019immigration<\/a> du\r\n\tCanada. De mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, celle-ci vise \u00e0 \u00ab&nbsp;soutenir le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une \u00e9conomie canadienne forte et prosp\u00e8re&nbsp;\u00bb. Dans cette vision, \u00ab&nbsp;les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de l\u2019immigration sont partag\u00e9s dans toutes les r\u00e9gions du Canada.&nbsp;\u00bb Le \r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/federal-government\">gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/a> supervise la politique d\u2019immigration, principalement par l\u2019entremise d\u2019Immigration, R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et Citoyennet\u00e9 Canada (IRCC). Ce minist\u00e8re fixe les objectifs du nombre de nouveaux arrivants et les r\u00e9vise chaque ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019automne.\r\n\t\tL\u2019IRCC consulte les diff\u00e9rentes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/industry\">industries<\/a>, les provinces et territoires, les fournisseurs de services d\u2019\u00e9tablissement, et d\u2019autres partenaires. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> \r\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">Politique d\u2019immigration qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>L\u2019immigration \u00e9conomique permet au Canada d\u2019assurer la croissance de sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/population\">population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/a> et de sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/labour-force\">population active<\/a>.\r\n\tLa population canadienne est vieillissante et elle conna\u00eet un faible taux de f\u00e9condit\u00e9 (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le nombre d\u2019enfants n\u00e9s par femme). Selon le recensement de 2021, environ un Canadien sur quatre est identifi\u00e9 comme \u00e9tant n\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, ce qui repr\u00e9sente\r\n\tle plus haut taux parmi les pays du G7 (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/g7-groupe-des-sept\">Canada et le G7 (Groupe des sept)<\/a>). De 2016 \u00e0 2021, la population du Canada augmente de 5,4&nbsp;%, et les immigrants\r\n\trepr\u00e9sentent environ 71,1&nbsp;% de cette augmentation. D\u2019ici 2040, les immigrants seront probablement responsables de la totalit\u00e9 de la croissance d\u00e9mographique du Canada ou presque. Les immigrants \u00e9conomiques sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement plus jeunes que la population\r\n\tn\u00e9e au Canada. Pour cette raison, l\u2019immigration \u00e9conomique att\u00e9nue le vieillissement de la population active canadienne. En 1971, le Canada comptait 6,6 personnes en \u00e2ge de travailler pour chaque personne \u00e2g\u00e9e. En 2012, ce nombre est tomb\u00e9 \u00e0 4,2,\r\n\tet on pr\u00e9voit qu\u2019il sera \u00e0 2,0 d\u2019ici 2036, lorsque 5 millions de Canadiens prendront leur retraite.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sur le march\u00e9 mondial, le Canada n\u2019est pas le seul pays \u00e0 vouloir attirer de nouveaux talents. D\u2019autres pays <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/industrialization\">industrialis\u00e9s<\/a>, comme les \u00c9tats-Unis, cherchent \u00e9galement\r\n\tdes immigrants qualifi\u00e9s. Il en va de m\u00eame pour les march\u00e9s \u00e9mergents comme le Br\u00e9sil et l\u2019Inde. En 2005, 22&nbsp;% des pays avaient adopt\u00e9 des politiques visant \u00e0 accueillir rapidement les immigrants hautement qualifi\u00e9s. En 2015, cette proportion a\r\n\tdoubl\u00e9 \u00e0 44&nbsp;%.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Comment le Canada s\u00e9lectionne-t-il ses immigrants?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>L\u2019immigration \u00e9conomique est l\u2019une des nombreuses cat\u00e9gories d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> au pays. Bien qu\u2019elle m\u00e8ne \u00e0 une r\u00e9sidence permanente, elle se distingue de la r\u00e9unification\r\n\tdes familles, du statut de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9<\/a>, et de la protection humanitaire. Avant de d\u00e9m\u00e9nager au Canada et de d\u00e9crocher un emploi, les immigrants doivent demander un visa de\r\n\tr\u00e9sident permanent aupr\u00e8s d\u2019IRCC. Le Canada utilise un syst\u00e8me de points pour s\u00e9lectionner les travailleurs immigrants. Ce syst\u00e8me accorde la priorit\u00e9 au capital humain, \u00e0 l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/education\">\u00e9ducation au Canada<\/a>,\r\n\tet aux offres d\u2019emploi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/federal-government\">gouvernement du Canada<\/a> introduit son premier syst\u00e8me de points en 1967. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">Immigration au Canada<\/a>).\r\n\tLe syst\u00e8me est mis \u00e0 jour en 1993 apr\u00e8s qu\u2019un arri\u00e9r\u00e9 massif de demandes entra\u00eene un temps d\u2019attente de plus de cinq ans.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2015, le gouvernement met sur pied le syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectronique Entr\u00e9e express, qui acc\u00e9l\u00e8re le processus pour les immigrants qualifi\u00e9s qui ont de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de travail au Canada ou ont un emploi r\u00e9serv\u00e9. Ce syst\u00e8me fait de plus en plus appel aux travailleurs\r\n\ttemporaires et aux \u00e9tudiants internationaux d\u00e9j\u00e0 au pays (<em>voir <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">Programmes des travailleurs \u00e9trangers temporaires du Canada<\/a>). Le syst\u00e8me\r\n\tEntr\u00e9e express offre trois voies principales aux travailleurs hautement qualifi\u00e9s qui d\u00e9sirent immigrer au Canada. (Parmi les travailleurs hautement qualifi\u00e9s, on trouve par exemple les m\u00e9decins, les programmeurs, et les architectes.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table width=\"669\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Programme<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Personnes concern\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Programme des travailleurs qualifi\u00e9s (f\u00e9d\u00e9ral)<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Travailleurs qualifi\u00e9s ayant de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de travail \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger et qui d\u00e9sirent immigrer d\u00e9finitivement au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Programme des travailleurs de m\u00e9tiers sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s (f\u00e9d\u00e9ral)<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Travailleurs qualifi\u00e9s qui souhaitent devenir des r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Cat\u00e9gorie de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience canadienne<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Travailleurs qualifi\u00e9s qui ont de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de travail au Canada et qui souhaitent devenir des r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>Les aspirants immigrants doivent remplir leur demande pour faire partie d\u2019un bassin de candidats souhaitant s\u2019installer au Canada. Le syst\u00e8me de points d\u2019Entr\u00e9e express se base sur de nombreux facteurs pour classer ces demandes. Il tient notamment compte\r\n\tdes comp\u00e9tences, de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de travail, des aptitudes linguistiques, et de la formation. Le syst\u00e8me peut aussi attribuer des points pour d\u2019autres facteurs, comme le fait d\u2019avoir une offre d\u2019emploi, ou d\u2019avoir un fr\u00e8re ou une s\u0153ur vivant au Canada.\r\n\tL\u2019IRCC donne priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 ces facteurs puisqu\u2019ils augmentent potentiellement les chances pour un immigrant de s\u2019int\u00e9grer rapidement \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne et de contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/economy\">\u00e9conomie<\/a>.\r\n\tL\u2019IRCC d\u00e9livre ensuite un certain nombre de visas \u00e0 ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s pour d\u00e9m\u00e9nager au Canada. Ce nombre d\u00e9pend des objectifs annuels pr\u00e9d\u00e9termin\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Possibilit\u00e9s et d\u00e9fis<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Bien des gens consid\u00e8rent Entr\u00e9e express comme \u00e9tant un processus plus objectif que les syst\u00e8mes de gestion de migration d\u2019autres pays, puisqu\u2019il se base sur des caract\u00e9ristiques observables. Le syst\u00e8me Entr\u00e9e express remplace l\u2019ancien syst\u00e8me du \u00ab&nbsp;premier\r\n\tarriv\u00e9, premier servi&nbsp;\u00bb, qui a frustr\u00e9 de nombreuses personnes. Cet ancien syst\u00e8me \u00e9tait moins pr\u00e9visible, et acc\u00e9l\u00e9rait ou ralentissait les admissions en fonction de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/economy\">\u00e9conomie<\/a>.\r\n\tLes d\u00e9fenseurs du syst\u00e8me de points actuel affirment qu\u2019il est exempt de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s<\/a>. Ils soulignent le fait que l\u2019origine ethnique et le pays d\u2019origine d\u2019une\r\n\tpersonne ne jouent aucun r\u00f4le dans le processus de s\u00e9lection.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>N\u00e9anmoins, les chercheurs rel\u00e8vent plusieurs enjeux d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 et de justice li\u00e9s au syst\u00e8me Entr\u00e9e express et au syst\u00e8me de points.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tout d\u2019abord, le fait d\u2019\u00eatre s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 ne garantit pas un emploi. Le Canada accueille plus d\u2019immigrants hautement qualifi\u00e9s qu\u2019il ne peut en int\u00e9grer sur le march\u00e9 du travail. L\u2019une des principales causes de cet \u00e9cart est que le Canada ne reconna\u00eet\r\n\tpas un grand nombre de dipl\u00f4mes obtenus \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. Ceci est particuli\u00e8rement vrai dans les domaines de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/contemporary-medicine\">m\u00e9decine<\/a> (g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/dentistry\">dentaire<\/a>, et \r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/veterinary-medicine\">v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire<\/a>). Lorsqu\u2019ils font face \u00e0 ce probl\u00e8me, les nouveaux arrivants sont incapables de mettre en pratique les comp\u00e9tences et l\u2019\u00e9ducation pour lesquelles ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s. Ils doivent soit se trouver un autre travail ou retourner aux\r\n\t\t\u00e9tudes. Un bon nombre d\u2019entre eux se tournent donc vers des \u00ab&nbsp;emplois de survie&nbsp;\u00bb, et ils ne parviennent pas \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9panouir sur le plan personnel ou professionnel au Canada. La ma\u00eetrise de l\u2019une ou l\u2019autre des langues officielles du Canada peut\r\n\t\t\u00e9galement constituer un obstacle distinct ou suppl\u00e9mentaire \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation de leurs comp\u00e9tences au Canada. Parfois, les immigrants peuvent sembler moins qualifi\u00e9s que la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, mais cet \u00e9cart se r\u00e9duit avec le temps lorsque leur ma\u00eetrise\r\n\t\tde l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/english-speaking-quebecer\">anglais<\/a> ou du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/french-language\">fran\u00e7ais<\/a> s\u2019am\u00e9liore.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ensuite, le processus d\u2019immigration n\u00e9cessite beaucoup de temps et d\u2019argent. Les d\u00e9lais de traitement des demandes sont encore tr\u00e8s longs, et les frais d\u2019administration sont des obstacles pour bien des gens. De plus, ces frais sont non remboursables et\r\n\tn\u2019offrent aucune garantie de r\u00e9ussite.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Finalement, en vertu d\u2019une politique d\u2019inadmissibilit\u00e9 pour des raisons m\u00e9dicales, l\u2019IRCC refuse certains candidats en raison de leurs probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 ou de ceux de leurs enfants. Cette politique est vivement critiqu\u00e9e comme \u00e9tant discriminatoire\r\n\tet capacitiste.<\/p>","twitter_summary":null,"pivot":{"model_id":"72064","relatable_id":"72099","relatable_type":"App\\Models\\Article","position":6},"translations":[{"id":"c7835c5e-b15f-4e1a-a70d-9cd1f4a67a5c","article_id":"72099","title":"Economic Immigration to Canada","summary":"<p>Canada\u2019s current and future prosperity depends on recruiting immigrants. Newcomers fill gaps in the Canadian <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/labour-force\">workforce<\/a>, build or start businesses and invest in the Canadian \r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/economy\">economy<\/a>. Economic immigrants include employees as well as employers. They mostly become permanent residents when they immigrate to Canada. Not included in this class are the many \r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">temporary foreign workers<\/a> who contribute to Canada\u2019s economy. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">Immigration to Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Economic immigrants bring talent, innovation, family members and financial investments to Canada. They also enrich the country\u2019s culture, heritage and opportunities. Technological progress, productivity and economic growth all benefit from these newcomers.\r\n\tStudies show that they have little to no negative impacts on wages for other workers in the country.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>According to the 2021 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">census<\/a>, 1.3 million immigrants settled in Canada between 2016 and 2021. The census identifies 748, 120 of the total 1.3 million living\r\n\tin Canada economic immigrants.<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/new_article_images\/EconomicImmigration\/permanent_residence.jpg\" title=\"Photo of permanent residence papers\" alt=\"Photo of permanent residence papers\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Overview<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>The <em>Immigration and Refugee Protection Act<\/em> of 2001 lays out <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/parliament\">Parliament<\/a>\u2019s goals for Canada\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">immigration policy<\/a>.\r\n\tBroadly, immigration policy aims to \u201csupport the development of a strong and prosperous Canadian economy.\u201d In this vision, \u201cthe benefits of immigration are shared across all regions of Canada.\u201d The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\">federal government<\/a> oversees\r\n\timmigration policy, primarily through Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). This ministry sets targets for numbers of newcomers and revisits these targets every fall. IRCC consults with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/industry\">industry<\/a>,\r\n\tthe provinces and territories, settlement service providers and other partners. (<em>See also <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">Quebec Immigration Policy<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<p>Economic immigration helps ensure that Canada\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\">population<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/labour-force\">labour forces<\/a> continue\r\n\tto grow. Canada has an aging population and low fertility rates (i.e., the number of children born per woman). According to the 2021 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">census<\/a>, approximately one\r\n\tin four Canadians were identified as foreign-born, the highest rate among the G7 countries (<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">Canada and the G7 (Group of Seven)<\/a>). From 2016 to 2021, Canada\u2019s\r\n\tpopulation grew by 5.4 per cent and immigrants made up about 71.1 per cent of that growth. By the year 2040, immigrants will likely drive all of Canada\u2019s population growth. Economic immigrants are generally younger than the Canadian-born population.\r\n\tBecause of this, economic immigration lessens the aging of Canada\u2019s labour force. In 1971, Canada had 6.6 people of working age for each senior citizen. By 2012, the worker-to-retiree ratio dropped to 4.2 to 1. Projections put the ratio at 2 to\r\n\t1 by 2036, when five million Canadians are set to retire.<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<p>In a global market, Canada is competing to attract talent. Other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/industrialization\">industrialized<\/a> countries, like the United States, seek skilled immigrants. So do emerging markets\r\n\tlike Brazil and India. In 2005, 22 per cent of countries had policies aimed at quickly resettling highly skilled immigrants. By 2015, this proportion had doubled to 44 per cent.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>How Does Canada Select Immigrants?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Economic immigration is one of several <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> categories. As a pathway to residence in Canada, it is distinct from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">family reunification<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">refugee<\/a>\tand humanitarian protection status. Before moving to Canada and taking a job, immigrants must apply for a permanent residence visa from IRCC. Canada has a points-based system for selecting labour immigrants. This system prioritizes human capital,\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/education\">Canadian education<\/a> and job offers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\">Canadian government<\/a> introduced the first points-based system in 1967. (<em>See<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">Immigration to Canada<\/a>).\r\n\tIt updated this system in 1993 after a massive backlog of applications led to wait times of more than five years.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The government implemented the electronic Express Entry system in 2015. Express Entry fast-tracks skilled immigrants with Canadian work experience or pre-arranged employment. It draws more and more on temporary workers and international students already\r\n\tin the country (<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">Canada's Temporary Foreign Worker Programs<\/a>). Express Entry provides three major pathways for highly skilled workers\r\n\tto immigrate to Canada. (Examples of highly skilled workers are doctors, computer programmers and architects.)<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<table>\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Pathway<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Who it\u2019s for<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Federal Skilled Worker Program<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Skilled workers with foreign work experience who want to immigrate to Canada permanently.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Federal Skilled Trades Program<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Skilled workers who want to become permanent residents.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Canadian Experience Class<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Skilled workers who have Canadian work experience and want to become permanent residents.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>Would-be immigrants fill out applications to enter a pool of candidates wishing to move to Canada. Express Entry\u2019s point system uses a matrix of several factors to rank these applications. It accounts for skills, work experience, language ability and\r\n\teducation. The system may award points for other factors, such as having a sibling or a job offer in Canada. IRCC prioritizes these factors because they potentially enhance an immigrant\u2019s ability to integrate quickly into Canadian society and to contribute\r\n\tto the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/economy\">economy<\/a>. IRCC then issues a certain number of visas to those selected to move to Canada. This number depends on its pre-set yearly targets.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/f9L6QRDfFtY?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<h3>Opportunities and Challenges<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Many see Express Entry as a more objective assessment than other countries\u2019 migration management systems. This is because Express Entry draws on observable characteristics. It notably replaced the previous first-come, first-served system that had frustrated\r\n\tmany people. The less predictable former system would speed admissions up or slow them down depending on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/economy\">economy<\/a>. Champions of the current Canadian point system say it is free\r\n\tof <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">prejudice<\/a>. They cite the fact that a person\u2019s ethnic background or country of origin plays no part in the selection process.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nevertheless, scholars note several challenges to equity and justice with Express Entry and the points-based system.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>First, selection does not equal a job. Canada admits more highly skilled immigrants than it can quickly move into the workplace. One major cause of this gap is that Canada does not recognize many credentials obtained abroad. This is notably true in\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/contemporary-medicine\">medical<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dentistry\">dental<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/veterinary-medicine\">veterinary<\/a>\tfields. When faced with this problem, newcomers are unable to apply the skills and education for which they were chosen. They must either do other work or go back to school. Many therefore take \u201csurvival jobs\u201d but do not reach personal or career fulfillment\r\n\tin Canada. Capacity in either of Canada\u2019s official languages may pose a separate or additional barrier to using one\u2019s skills in Canada. Sometimes immigrants may appear less skilled compared to the general population, but this gap closes over time as\r\n\ttheir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-english\">English<\/a> and\/or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-language\">French<\/a> language acquisition improves.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Second, it takes time and money to immigrate. Processing times for applications are still quite long. The administrative fees are barriers for many people. These fees are also non-refundable with no guarantee of success.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Finally, under a policy known as medical inadmissibility, IRCC will reject some candidates due to their own or their children\u2019s medical issues. This policy is roundly criticized as discriminatory and ableist.<\/p>","slug":"immigrant-labour","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"en","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-10-27T14:13:06.000000Z"},{"id":"130ff6e8-1134-47b7-8150-c86ea4aed553","article_id":"72099","title":"Immigration \u00e9conomique au Canada","summary":"<p>La prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 actuelle et future du Canada d\u00e9pend du recrutement d\u2019immigrants. Les nouveaux arrivants comblent les lacunes dans la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/population-active\">population active<\/a> du Canada, ils cr\u00e9ent\r\n\tde nouvelles entreprises, et ils investissent dans l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/economy\">\u00e9conomie<\/a> canadienne. Les immigrants \u00e9conomiques peuvent \u00eatre des employ\u00e9s ou des employeurs. Ils deviennent pour la plupart\r\n\tdes r\u00e9sidents permanents lorsqu\u2019ils immigrent au Canada. Ce groupe n\u2019inclut pas les nombreux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">travailleurs \u00e9trangers temporaires<\/a> qui contribuent\r\n\t\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie canadienne. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">Immigration au Canada<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les immigrants \u00e9conomiques apportent du talent, de l\u2019innovation, des membres de famille, et des investissements financiers au Canada. Ils enrichissent \u00e9galement la culture, le patrimoine, et les opportunit\u00e9s du pays. Le progr\u00e8s technologique, la productivit\u00e9,\r\n\tet la croissance \u00e9conomique profitent tous de ces nouveaux arrivants. Des \u00e9tudes d\u00e9montrent que les nouveaux arrivants n\u2019ont que peu ou pas d\u2019effets n\u00e9gatifs sur le salaire des autres travailleurs canadiens.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Selon le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">recensement<\/a> de 2021, 1,3 million d\u2019immigrants se sont install\u00e9s au Canada entre 2016 et 2021. Le recensement identifie 748\u2009120 immigrants\r\n\t\u00e9conomiques vivant au Canada sur le total de 1,3 million.<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/new_article_images\/EconomicImmigration\/permanent_residence.jpg\" title=\"Documents de r\u00e9sidence permanente\" alt=\"Photo des documents de r\u00e9sidence permanente\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>Contexte<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>La <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/em> de 2001 \u00e9nonce les objectifs du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/parliament\">Parlement<\/a> quant \u00e0 la <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration-policy\">politique d\u2019immigration<\/a> du\r\n\tCanada. De mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, celle-ci vise \u00e0 \u00ab&nbsp;soutenir le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une \u00e9conomie canadienne forte et prosp\u00e8re&nbsp;\u00bb. Dans cette vision, \u00ab&nbsp;les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de l\u2019immigration sont partag\u00e9s dans toutes les r\u00e9gions du Canada.&nbsp;\u00bb Le \r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/federal-government\">gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/a> supervise la politique d\u2019immigration, principalement par l\u2019entremise d\u2019Immigration, R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et Citoyennet\u00e9 Canada (IRCC). Ce minist\u00e8re fixe les objectifs du nombre de nouveaux arrivants et les r\u00e9vise chaque ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019automne.\r\n\t\tL\u2019IRCC consulte les diff\u00e9rentes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/industry\">industries<\/a>, les provinces et territoires, les fournisseurs de services d\u2019\u00e9tablissement, et d\u2019autres partenaires. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> \r\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">Politique d\u2019immigration qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>L\u2019immigration \u00e9conomique permet au Canada d\u2019assurer la croissance de sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/population\">population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/a> et de sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/labour-force\">population active<\/a>.\r\n\tLa population canadienne est vieillissante et elle conna\u00eet un faible taux de f\u00e9condit\u00e9 (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le nombre d\u2019enfants n\u00e9s par femme). Selon le recensement de 2021, environ un Canadien sur quatre est identifi\u00e9 comme \u00e9tant n\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, ce qui repr\u00e9sente\r\n\tle plus haut taux parmi les pays du G7 (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/g7-groupe-des-sept\">Canada et le G7 (Groupe des sept)<\/a>). De 2016 \u00e0 2021, la population du Canada augmente de 5,4&nbsp;%, et les immigrants\r\n\trepr\u00e9sentent environ 71,1&nbsp;% de cette augmentation. D\u2019ici 2040, les immigrants seront probablement responsables de la totalit\u00e9 de la croissance d\u00e9mographique du Canada ou presque. Les immigrants \u00e9conomiques sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement plus jeunes que la population\r\n\tn\u00e9e au Canada. Pour cette raison, l\u2019immigration \u00e9conomique att\u00e9nue le vieillissement de la population active canadienne. En 1971, le Canada comptait 6,6 personnes en \u00e2ge de travailler pour chaque personne \u00e2g\u00e9e. En 2012, ce nombre est tomb\u00e9 \u00e0 4,2,\r\n\tet on pr\u00e9voit qu\u2019il sera \u00e0 2,0 d\u2019ici 2036, lorsque 5 millions de Canadiens prendront leur retraite.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sur le march\u00e9 mondial, le Canada n\u2019est pas le seul pays \u00e0 vouloir attirer de nouveaux talents. D\u2019autres pays <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/industrialization\">industrialis\u00e9s<\/a>, comme les \u00c9tats-Unis, cherchent \u00e9galement\r\n\tdes immigrants qualifi\u00e9s. Il en va de m\u00eame pour les march\u00e9s \u00e9mergents comme le Br\u00e9sil et l\u2019Inde. En 2005, 22&nbsp;% des pays avaient adopt\u00e9 des politiques visant \u00e0 accueillir rapidement les immigrants hautement qualifi\u00e9s. En 2015, cette proportion a\r\n\tdoubl\u00e9 \u00e0 44&nbsp;%.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Comment le Canada s\u00e9lectionne-t-il ses immigrants?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>L\u2019immigration \u00e9conomique est l\u2019une des nombreuses cat\u00e9gories d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> au pays. Bien qu\u2019elle m\u00e8ne \u00e0 une r\u00e9sidence permanente, elle se distingue de la r\u00e9unification\r\n\tdes familles, du statut de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugees\">r\u00e9fugi\u00e9<\/a>, et de la protection humanitaire. Avant de d\u00e9m\u00e9nager au Canada et de d\u00e9crocher un emploi, les immigrants doivent demander un visa de\r\n\tr\u00e9sident permanent aupr\u00e8s d\u2019IRCC. Le Canada utilise un syst\u00e8me de points pour s\u00e9lectionner les travailleurs immigrants. Ce syst\u00e8me accorde la priorit\u00e9 au capital humain, \u00e0 l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/education\">\u00e9ducation au Canada<\/a>,\r\n\tet aux offres d\u2019emploi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/federal-government\">gouvernement du Canada<\/a> introduit son premier syst\u00e8me de points en 1967. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">Immigration au Canada<\/a>).\r\n\tLe syst\u00e8me est mis \u00e0 jour en 1993 apr\u00e8s qu\u2019un arri\u00e9r\u00e9 massif de demandes entra\u00eene un temps d\u2019attente de plus de cinq ans.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2015, le gouvernement met sur pied le syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectronique Entr\u00e9e express, qui acc\u00e9l\u00e8re le processus pour les immigrants qualifi\u00e9s qui ont de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de travail au Canada ou ont un emploi r\u00e9serv\u00e9. Ce syst\u00e8me fait de plus en plus appel aux travailleurs\r\n\ttemporaires et aux \u00e9tudiants internationaux d\u00e9j\u00e0 au pays (<em>voir <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">Programmes des travailleurs \u00e9trangers temporaires du Canada<\/a>). Le syst\u00e8me\r\n\tEntr\u00e9e express offre trois voies principales aux travailleurs hautement qualifi\u00e9s qui d\u00e9sirent immigrer au Canada. (Parmi les travailleurs hautement qualifi\u00e9s, on trouve par exemple les m\u00e9decins, les programmeurs, et les architectes.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table width=\"669\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Programme<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Personnes concern\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Programme des travailleurs qualifi\u00e9s (f\u00e9d\u00e9ral)<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Travailleurs qualifi\u00e9s ayant de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de travail \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger et qui d\u00e9sirent immigrer d\u00e9finitivement au Canada.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Programme des travailleurs de m\u00e9tiers sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s (f\u00e9d\u00e9ral)<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Travailleurs qualifi\u00e9s qui souhaitent devenir des r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Cat\u00e9gorie de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience canadienne<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td width=\"312\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>Travailleurs qualifi\u00e9s qui ont de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de travail au Canada et qui souhaitent devenir des r\u00e9sidents permanents.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>Les aspirants immigrants doivent remplir leur demande pour faire partie d\u2019un bassin de candidats souhaitant s\u2019installer au Canada. Le syst\u00e8me de points d\u2019Entr\u00e9e express se base sur de nombreux facteurs pour classer ces demandes. Il tient notamment compte\r\n\tdes comp\u00e9tences, de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de travail, des aptitudes linguistiques, et de la formation. Le syst\u00e8me peut aussi attribuer des points pour d\u2019autres facteurs, comme le fait d\u2019avoir une offre d\u2019emploi, ou d\u2019avoir un fr\u00e8re ou une s\u0153ur vivant au Canada.\r\n\tL\u2019IRCC donne priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 ces facteurs puisqu\u2019ils augmentent potentiellement les chances pour un immigrant de s\u2019int\u00e9grer rapidement \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne et de contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/economy\">\u00e9conomie<\/a>.\r\n\tL\u2019IRCC d\u00e9livre ensuite un certain nombre de visas \u00e0 ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s pour d\u00e9m\u00e9nager au Canada. Ce nombre d\u00e9pend des objectifs annuels pr\u00e9d\u00e9termin\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Possibilit\u00e9s et d\u00e9fis<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Bien des gens consid\u00e8rent Entr\u00e9e express comme \u00e9tant un processus plus objectif que les syst\u00e8mes de gestion de migration d\u2019autres pays, puisqu\u2019il se base sur des caract\u00e9ristiques observables. Le syst\u00e8me Entr\u00e9e express remplace l\u2019ancien syst\u00e8me du \u00ab&nbsp;premier\r\n\tarriv\u00e9, premier servi&nbsp;\u00bb, qui a frustr\u00e9 de nombreuses personnes. Cet ancien syst\u00e8me \u00e9tait moins pr\u00e9visible, et acc\u00e9l\u00e9rait ou ralentissait les admissions en fonction de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/economy\">\u00e9conomie<\/a>.\r\n\tLes d\u00e9fenseurs du syst\u00e8me de points actuel affirment qu\u2019il est exempt de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s<\/a>. Ils soulignent le fait que l\u2019origine ethnique et le pays d\u2019origine d\u2019une\r\n\tpersonne ne jouent aucun r\u00f4le dans le processus de s\u00e9lection.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>N\u00e9anmoins, les chercheurs rel\u00e8vent plusieurs enjeux d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 et de justice li\u00e9s au syst\u00e8me Entr\u00e9e express et au syst\u00e8me de points.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tout d\u2019abord, le fait d\u2019\u00eatre s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 ne garantit pas un emploi. Le Canada accueille plus d\u2019immigrants hautement qualifi\u00e9s qu\u2019il ne peut en int\u00e9grer sur le march\u00e9 du travail. L\u2019une des principales causes de cet \u00e9cart est que le Canada ne reconna\u00eet\r\n\tpas un grand nombre de dipl\u00f4mes obtenus \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. Ceci est particuli\u00e8rement vrai dans les domaines de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/contemporary-medicine\">m\u00e9decine<\/a> (g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/dentistry\">dentaire<\/a>, et \r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/veterinary-medicine\">v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire<\/a>). Lorsqu\u2019ils font face \u00e0 ce probl\u00e8me, les nouveaux arrivants sont incapables de mettre en pratique les comp\u00e9tences et l\u2019\u00e9ducation pour lesquelles ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s. Ils doivent soit se trouver un autre travail ou retourner aux\r\n\t\t\u00e9tudes. Un bon nombre d\u2019entre eux se tournent donc vers des \u00ab&nbsp;emplois de survie&nbsp;\u00bb, et ils ne parviennent pas \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9panouir sur le plan personnel ou professionnel au Canada. La ma\u00eetrise de l\u2019une ou l\u2019autre des langues officielles du Canada peut\r\n\t\t\u00e9galement constituer un obstacle distinct ou suppl\u00e9mentaire \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation de leurs comp\u00e9tences au Canada. Parfois, les immigrants peuvent sembler moins qualifi\u00e9s que la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, mais cet \u00e9cart se r\u00e9duit avec le temps lorsque leur ma\u00eetrise\r\n\t\tde l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/english-speaking-quebecer\">anglais<\/a> ou du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/french-language\">fran\u00e7ais<\/a> s\u2019am\u00e9liore.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ensuite, le processus d\u2019immigration n\u00e9cessite beaucoup de temps et d\u2019argent. Les d\u00e9lais de traitement des demandes sont encore tr\u00e8s longs, et les frais d\u2019administration sont des obstacles pour bien des gens. De plus, ces frais sont non remboursables et\r\n\tn\u2019offrent aucune garantie de r\u00e9ussite.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Finalement, en vertu d\u2019une politique d\u2019inadmissibilit\u00e9 pour des raisons m\u00e9dicales, l\u2019IRCC refuse certains candidats en raison de leurs probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 ou de ceux de leurs enfants. Cette politique est vivement critiqu\u00e9e comme \u00e9tant discriminatoire\r\n\tet capacitiste.<\/p>","slug":"main-doeuvre-immigrante","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"fr","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-10-27T14:13:06.000000Z"},{"id":"9deec9db-d993-4b06-a539-2b5cfd0ea422","article_id":"72099","title":"Economic Immigration to Canada [\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928]","summary":"<p>\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/economy\">\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0917\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0915 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/labour-force\">\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/a> \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \r\n<\/a> \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">\u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0917\u093e\u0930<\/a> \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/a> <em>\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/em>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u093e, \u0928\u0935\u094b\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0937, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0928 \u0928\u090f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \r\n\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2021 \u0915\u0940 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, 2016 \u0914\u0930 2021 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 1.3 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0938 \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 1.3 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \r\n \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 748, 120 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/new_article_images\/EconomicImmigration\/permanent_residence.jpg\" title=\"\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0917\u091c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\" alt=\"\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0917\u091c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>2001 \u0915\u093e <em>\u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/em> \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/a> \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/parliament\">\u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \r\n\u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930, \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u201c\u090f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u201d \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u201c\u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\">\u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/a> \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \r\n \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928, \u0936\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e (IRCC) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0908 \u0928\u090f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0928 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 IRCC <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/industry\">\u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/a>, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \r\n \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 (<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u0947\u0915<\/a> <em>\u0907\u092e\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/em>.)<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<p>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\">\u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940<\/a> \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/labour-force\">\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092c\u0932<\/a> \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \r\n \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0941\u0922\u093c\u093e\u092a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0928 \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948 (\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e)\u0964 2021 \u0915\u0940 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u091a\u093e\u0930 \r\n \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u094b G7 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0930 \u0939\u0948 (<em>\u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0914\u0930 G7 (\u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939<\/a>))\u0964 2016 \u0938\u0947 2021 \u0924\u0915, \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \r\n \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 5.4 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 71.1 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 2040 \u0924\u0915, \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u092e \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0909\u092e\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \r\n\u0907\u0938 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0938\u0947, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 1971 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0915\u093e\u091c\u0940 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 6.6 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0925\u0947\u0964 2012 \u0924\u0915, \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0917\u093e\u0930-\u0938\u0947-\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u0930 4.2 \u0938\u0947 1 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 2036 \u0924\u0915 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 2 \u0938\u0947 \r\n 1 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c \u092a\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<p>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/industrialization\">\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915<\/a> \u0926\u0947\u0936, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0932\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \r\n \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 2005 \u092e\u0947\u0902, 22 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964 2015 \u0924\u0915, \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0926\u094b\u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 44 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0908 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/a> \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928<\/a> \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u0936\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940<\/a> \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b IRCC \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u0940\u091c\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0915-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/education\">\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e<\/a> \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\">\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/a> \u0928\u0947 1967 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0964 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/a> <em>\u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/em>)\u0964 \r\n\u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 1993 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0915\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0921\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 2015 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \r\n \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940<\/a> \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e <em>\u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/em>)\u0964 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938 \r\n \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 (\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964)<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<table>\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0925\u0935\u0947<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u092b\u093c\u0947\u0921\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u092b\u093c\u0947\u0921\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u0915\u0948\u0928\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0915 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928 \u092d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 Express Entry \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0902\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0907\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \r\n \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0902\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0908-\u092c\u0939\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0915\u0936\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/economy\">IRCC \u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902. \r\n<\/a> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 IRCC \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0940\u091c\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/f9L6QRDfFtY?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0915\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u0947\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0913, \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0913 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/economy\">\u0915\u092e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0916\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0902\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0948\u0902\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \r\n \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/a> \u0935\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0915-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0908 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e, \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0906 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923-\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/veterinary-medicine\">\u092f\u0939 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/contemporary-medicine\">\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dentistry\">\u0926\u0902\u0924<\/a> \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e<\/a> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u091a \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/a> \u091c\u092c \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0928\u090f \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0909\u0928 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u201c\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u0949\u092c\u094d\u0938\u201d \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \r\n \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u092d\u0940-\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \r\n \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-english\">\u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940<\/a> \u0914\u0930\/\u092f\u093e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-language\">\u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091a<\/a> \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e, \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0928\u0949\u0928-\u0930\u093f\u092b\u0902\u0921\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0905\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924, IRCC \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0930 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0937\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>","slug":"aparavasahimajathiara","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"hi","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-10T06:05:44.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-10T06:05:44.000000Z"},{"id":"9da7ac65-54f4-45a7-84da-52a124be5653","article_id":"72099","title":"Economic Immigration to Canada [\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d02]","summary":"<p>\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d07\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d34\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d2d\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d43\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d31\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d16\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d15\u0d28\u0d47\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d36\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d35 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/labour-force\">\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d31<\/a> \u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2c\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d38\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d7c\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d4b \u0d06\u0d30\u0d02\u0d2d\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d4b \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d28\u0d47\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d7b \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/economy\">\u0d38\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d47\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02<\/a> \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d1c\u0d40\u0d35\u0d28\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d7e\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d34\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d35\u0d30\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d31\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d. \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d02\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d28 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d35\u0d27\u0d3f \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36 \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d33<\/a> \u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d08 \u0d15\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d09\u0d7e\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32. (\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28 <em>\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02<\/a> \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23<\/em> \u0d41\u0d15.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d4d, \u0d28\u0d35\u0d40\u0d15\u0d30\u0d23\u0d02, \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d02\u0d2c\u0d3e\u0d02\u0d17\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d4d, \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d47\u0d2a\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d35 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d48\u0d24\u0d43\u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d35\u0d38\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d35 \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d47\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d24\u0d3f, \u0d09\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d26\u0d28\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d2e\u0d24, \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d35\u0d33\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d46\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d02 \u0d08 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d16\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1c\u0d28\u0d02 \u0d32\u0d2d\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \r\n\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d35\u0d47\u0d24\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d05\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d24\u0d4b\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d42\u0d32 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d18\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d20\u0d28\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2021 \u0d32\u0d46 \u0d38\u0d46\u0d7b\u0d38\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d02 2016 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u0d28\u0d41\u0d02<\/a> 2021 \u0d28\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d1f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d 1.3 \u0d26\u0d36\u0d32\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7c \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f. \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21 \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d1c\u0d40\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d2e\u0d4a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d02 1.3 \u0d26\u0d36\u0d32\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d 748, 120 \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d46 \r\n \u0d38\u0d46\u0d7b\u0d38\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/new_article_images\/EconomicImmigration\/permanent_residence.jpg\" title=\"\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38 \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4b\" alt=\"\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38 \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4b\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0d05\u0d35\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d28\u0d02<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>2001 \u0d32\u0d46 <em>\u0d07\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d47\u0d37\u0d7b \u0d06\u0d7b\u0d21\u0d4d \u0d31\u0d46\u0d2b\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d42\u0d1c\u0d3f<\/em> \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d7b \u0d06\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31 \u0d28\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d7c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/parliament\">\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31<\/a> \u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d32\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d26\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/a>. \r\n\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d36\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f, \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31 \u0d28\u0d2f\u0d02 \u201c\u0d36\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d35\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f \u0d15\u0d28\u0d47\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d38\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d23\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u201d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d32\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d. \u0d08 \u0d26\u0d7c\u0d36\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d, \u201c\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d06\u0d28\u0d41\u0d15\u0d42\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d0e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\">\u0d2b\u0d46\u0d21\u0d31\u0d7d \u0d38\u0d7c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7c<\/a> \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31 \u0d28\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d7d\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d02 \r\n \u0d35\u0d39\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41, \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d25\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d07\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d47\u0d37\u0d7b, \u0d31\u0d46\u0d2b\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d42\u0d1c\u0d40\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d06\u0d7b\u0d21\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d7a\u0d37\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21 (\u0d10\u0d06\u0d7c\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d3f) \u0d35\u0d34\u0d3f \u0d08 \u0d2e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d16\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d0e\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d32\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d13\u0d30\u0d4b \u0d35\u0d40\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d08 \u0d32\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d35\u0d40\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d7c\u0d36\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/industry\">\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d35\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d02, \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02, \u0d38\u0d46\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d3f<\/a> \u0d7d\u0d2e\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \r\n \u0d38\u0d47\u0d35\u0d28 \u0d26\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d7e, \u0d2e\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d10\u0d06\u0d7c\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d3f \u0d06\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. (\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d42\u0d2c\u0d46\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">\u0d07\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d47\u0d37\u0d7b \u0d28\u0d2f<\/a> <em>\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23<\/em> \u0d41\u0d15.)<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<p>\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\">\u0d1c\u0d28<\/a> \u0d38\u0d02\u0d16\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d3f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/labour-force\">\u0d36\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d33\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d31\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41<\/a> \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f \r\n \u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d39\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f \u0d1c\u0d28\u0d38\u0d02\u0d16\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e \u0d2b\u0d46\u0d7c\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d3f \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d (\u0d05\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d, \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d1c\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d0e\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d02). 2021 \u0d32\u0d46 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u0d38\u0d46<\/a> \u0d7b\u0d38\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d05\u0d28\u0d41\u0d38\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d, \u0d0f\u0d15\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d28\u0d47\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30 \r\n \u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d7e \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d1c\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d35\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41, \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d1c\u0d3f 7 \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d0f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d2f\u0d7c\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d1c\u0d3f 7 (\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/a> \u0d13\u0d2b\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d46\u0d35\u0d7b) <em>\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23<\/em> \u0d41\u0d15). 2016 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d 2021 \u0d35\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \r\n \u0d1c\u0d28\u0d38\u0d02\u0d16\u0d4d\u0d2f 5.4 \u0d36\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7c \u0d06 \u0d35\u0d33\u0d7c\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d0f\u0d15\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36\u0d02 71.1 \u0d36\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d33\u0d7c\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. 2040 \u0d06\u0d15\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d34\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7c \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d0e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e \u0d1c\u0d28\u0d38\u0d02\u0d16\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e \u0d35\u0d33\u0d7c\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02. \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4a\u0d24\u0d41\u0d35\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d28\u0d47\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d1c\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d1c\u0d28\u0d38\u0d02\u0d16\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d31\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \r\n\u0d07\u0d24\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d42\u0d32\u0d02, \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d3f \u0d38\u0d47\u0d28\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d27\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. 1971-\u0d32\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d \u0d13\u0d30\u0d4b \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d2a\u0d57\u0d30\u0d28\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 6.6 \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d. 2012 \u0d06\u0d2f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d34\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e-\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2f\u0d7c\u0d2e\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d05\u0d28\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d02 4.2 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d 1 \u0d35\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41. \u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d \u0d26\u0d36\u0d32\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d28\u0d47\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d38 \r\n \u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e 2036 \u0d13\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d05\u0d28\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d02 2 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d 1 \u0d35\u0d30\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d4a\u0d1c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d28\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3e\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<p>\u0d06\u0d17\u0d4b\u0d33 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2d\u0d15\u0d33\u0d46 \u0d06\u0d15\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21 \u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d05\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d46 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/industrialization\">\u0d2e\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d35\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2f<\/a> \u0d35\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d43\u0d24 \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2f \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d2c\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d38\u0d40\u0d7d, \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d2f \u0d24\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d35\u0d33 \r\n \u0d7c\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d28\u0d46 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. 2005-\u0d32\u0d4d 22 \u0d36\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02 \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2f \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d28\u0d03\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d32\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d28\u0d2f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. 2015 \u0d06\u0d2f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d34\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d08 \u0d05\u0d28\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d30\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f 44 \u0d36\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d09\u0d2f\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21 \u0d0e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d28\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d35\u0d27\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d17 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/a> \u0d12\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d24 \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d02\u0d2c \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d28\u0d30\u0d47\u0d15\u0d40\u0d15\u0d30\u0d23\u0d02, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u0d05\u0d2d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3f<\/a>, \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d41\u0d37\u0d3f\u0d15<\/a> \u0d38\u0d02\u0d30\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d23 \u0d2a\u0d26\u0d35\u0d3f \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d31\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f \u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d \u0d10\u0d06\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d05\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d23\u0d02. \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d46\u0d30\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d38\u0d02\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d. \u0d08 \u0d38\u0d02\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02 \u0d2e\u0d28\u0d41\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d2f \u0d2e\u0d42\u0d32\u0d27\u0d28\u0d02, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/education\">\u0d15\u0d28\u0d47\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2d\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d02, \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d13\u0d2b\u0d31\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b<\/a> \u0d17\u0d23\u0d28 \u0d28\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1967-\u0d32 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\">\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d28\u0d47\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d<\/a> \u0d06\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d05\u0d27\u0d3f\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d24 \u0d38\u0d02\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d35\u0d24\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d24\u0d4d. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d02<\/a> <em>\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23<\/em> \u0d41\u0d15). \r\n\u0d06\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d47\u0d37\u0d28\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d35\u0d7b \u0d2c\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d4d \u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d7c\u0d37\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d27\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d41\u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02 1993 \u0d7d \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d08 \u0d38\u0d02\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d21\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2015 \u0d32\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d32\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d47\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f \u0d38\u0d02\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d1f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d. \u0d0e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d7b\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f \u0d2b\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d-\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d15\u0d28\u0d47\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d35\u0d43\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f \u0d2a\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d40\u0d15\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d24\u0d46\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d15\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d30 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d \u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d \u0d06\u0d15\u0d7c\u0d37\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36 \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d3f \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e<\/a> <em>\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23<\/em> \u0d41\u0d15). \r\n \u0d09\u0d2f\u0d7c\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d27 \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d0e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d7b\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d30 \r\n \u0d3f \u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28 \u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d24 \u0d28\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. (\u0d21\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d7c\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c, \u0d15\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d7c \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d7c\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c, \u0d06\u0d7c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d2f\u0d7c\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d27 \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d09\u0d26\u0d3e\u0d39\u0d30\u0d23\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e.)<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<table>\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d24<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d06\u0d7c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u0d2b\u0d46\u0d21\u0d31\u0d7d \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d21\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d7c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d7c \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d06\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d39\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d35\u0d43\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f \u0d2a\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d27 \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u0d2b\u0d46\u0d21\u0d31\u0d7d \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d21\u0d4d \u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d47\u0d21\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d06\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d39\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d27 \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u0d15\u0d28\u0d47\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d0e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d40\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d7b\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d4d<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u0d15\u0d28\u0d47\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d35\u0d43\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f \u0d2a\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d06\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d39\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d27 \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d31\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d06\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d39\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d35\u0d47\u0d36\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d27\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7c \u0d05\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d0e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d7b\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d02 \u0d08 \u0d06\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d47\u0d37\u0d28\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d31\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d35\u0d27\u0d3f \u0d18\u0d1f\u0d15\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d2a\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e, \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d35\u0d43\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d02, \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d37\u0d3e \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d4d, \r\n \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2d\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d35 \u0d15\u0d23\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d38\u0d39\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d30\u0d7b \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 \u0d05\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d13\u0d2b\u0d7c \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d2e\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d18\u0d1f\u0d15\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d28\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d02. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/economy\">\u0d10\u0d06\u0d7c\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d3f \u0d08 \u0d18\u0d1f\u0d15\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d17\u0d23\u0d28 \u0d28\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41, \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d23\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d35 \u0d15\u0d28\u0d47\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d42\u0d39\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d47\u0d17\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d02\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d28 \u0d28\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d7c\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d27 \r\n \u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/a> \u0d24\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d7c\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d31\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d35\u0d7c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d10\u0d06\u0d7c\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d3f \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d24 \u0d0e\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d28\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d08 \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d7c \u0d05\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d7c\u0d37\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d32\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d46 \u0d06\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/f9L6QRDfFtY?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0d05\u0d35\u0d38\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d46\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d2e\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d41 \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d48\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d47\u0d37\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d47\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d02\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d46\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d20\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d32\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d. \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d23\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d40\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d38\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d24\u0d15\u0d33\u0d46 \u0d06\u0d15\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \r\n\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d35\u0d27\u0d3f \u0d06\u0d33\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d46 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d36\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d06\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02, \u0d06\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d47\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d38\u0d02\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d36\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d47\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d3f. \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d35\u0d1a\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d40\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b \u0d38\u0d02\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/economy\">\u0d38\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a<\/a> \u0d26\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d2f\u0d46 \u0d06\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d \u0d05\u0d21\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d37\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d47\u0d17\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d4b \u0d2e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d17\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d4b \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02. \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d28\u0d47\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d26\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d1a\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d27\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d \r\n \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/a>. \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d02\u0d36\u0d40\u0d2f \u0d2a\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d4b \u0d09\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d2d\u0d35 \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d4b \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2a\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d39\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32 \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d24 \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02, \u0d0e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d7b\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d05\u0d27\u0d3f\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d24 \u0d38\u0d02\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d35\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d40\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d35\u0d27\u0d3f \u0d35\u0d46\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d2a\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d24\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c \u0d36\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d12\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f, \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d41\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32. \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21 \u0d35\u0d47\u0d17\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d32\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d40\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7e \u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d \u0d09\u0d2f\u0d7c\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d35\u0d48\u0d26\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d35\u0d47\u0d36\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d32\u0d2d\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d2a\u0d32 \u0d15\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d46\u0d21\u0d7b\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21 \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d08 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d23\u0d02. \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/contemporary-medicine\">\u0d2e\u0d46\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d7d, \u0d21\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d7d, \u0d35\u0d46\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d28<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dentistry\">\u0d31\u0d3f \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d16\u0d32\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/a> \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/veterinary-medicine\">\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02<\/a> \u0d36\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d08 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d33\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d16\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d46\u0d30\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2d\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d12\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d35\u0d47\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d23\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d46 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d23\u0d02. \u0d05\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d32\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02 \u201c\u0d05\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d1c\u0d40\u0d35\u0d28 \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e\u201d \u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d4b \u0d15\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d7c \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d35\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31 \r\n \u0d32\u0d4b \u0d0e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32. \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d14\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d37\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d12\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d21\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d09\u0d2a\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d15 \u0d05\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d05\u0d27\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d24\u0d1f\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d43\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d02. \u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7c \u0d2a\u0d4a\u0d24\u0d41\u0d1c\u0d28\u0d38\u0d02\u0d16\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d48\u0d26\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d24\u0d4b\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d02, \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d7d \r\n \u0d05\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-english\">\u0d07\u0d02\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d40\u0d37\u0d4d<\/a> \u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d46\/\u0d05\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-language\">\u0d2b\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d<\/a> \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d37 \u0d0f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d7d \u0d2e\u0d46\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d7d \u0d08 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d35\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d23 \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f, \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d31\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d23\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d06\u0d35\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d06\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d47\u0d37\u0d28\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d4b\u0d38\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d02\u0d17\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d34\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d33\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d26\u0d48\u0d7c\u0d18\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d05\u0d21\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d47\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d40\u0d35\u0d4d \u0d2b\u0d40\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d32\u0d7c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d1f\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d09\u0d31\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d08 \u0d2b\u0d40\u0d38\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d31\u0d40\u0d2b\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d05\u0d35\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f, \u0d2e\u0d46\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d7d \u0d07\u0d7b\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d2c\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d3f \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d28\u0d2f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d02, \u0d10\u0d06\u0d7c\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d3f \u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d32 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d46 \u0d05\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d4b \u0d05\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4b \u0d2e\u0d46\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d23\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02. \u0d08 \u0d28\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d47\u0d1a\u0d28\u0d2a\u0d30\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d2c\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d43\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d43\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d2e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d36\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"ml","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2024-12-05T21:39:34.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-05T21:39:34.000000Z"},{"id":"9da7ac3d-f914-408e-9e81-631edd22cfdf","article_id":"72099","title":"Economic Immigration to Canada [\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1]","summary":"<p>\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/labour-force\">\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8<\/a> \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/economy\">\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/a> \u0bb3\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8a\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb2 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4<\/a> \u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8. (\u0b95\u0ba9 <em>\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/a> \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b95.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bc8, \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1, \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd 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\u0b85\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>2021 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf<\/a>, 2016 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd 2021 \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd 1.3 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd 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\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\" alt=\"\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>2001 \u0b87\u0ba9\u0bcd <em>\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd<\/em> \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/parliament\">\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1<\/a> \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bb3 <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u0bc1\u0bae\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb2<\/a> \u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \r\n\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8 \u201c\u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc8\u201d \u0ba8\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u201c\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd 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IRCC \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/industry\">\u0b95\u0bc1<\/a> \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \r\n \u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1 \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb2\u0bcb\u0b9a\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. (\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf <em>\u0bc2\u0baa\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd<\/a> \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b95.)<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<p>\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\">\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f<\/a> \u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/labour-force\">\u0bb5\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5<\/a> \u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1 \r\n \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 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\u0b95\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf<\/a>, \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3 \r\n \u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9c\u0bbf 7 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0b89\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd (\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbf 7 (\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd \u0b8f\u0bb4\u0bc1)<\/a> \u0b90\u0baa\u0bcd <em>\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0<\/em> \u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd). 2016 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd 2021 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8, \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \r\n \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8 5.4 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd 71.1 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd. 2040 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc2\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd. \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f \u0b87\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \r\n\u0b87\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. 1971 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc2\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bae\u0b95\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 6.6 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd. 2012 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b93\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc2\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd 4.2 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd 1 \u0b86\u0b95 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b90\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b93\u0baf \r\n \u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1, 2036 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 2 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd 1 \u0b86\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9.<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<p>\u0b89\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9a\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b88\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/industrialization\">\u0bbe \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4<\/a> \u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bae\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9. \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe \r\n \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0bb5\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. 2005 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, 22 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0ba4 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\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc6<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3<\/a> \u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbe<\/a> \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1<\/a> \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd IRCC \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0ba9\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc7 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/education\">\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1<\/a> \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\">\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd<\/a> 1967 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1. (\u0b95\u0ba9 <em>\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd<\/a> \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b95). \r\n\u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b90\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd 1993 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 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\u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bc7 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9a \u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b88\u0bb0 <em>\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95<\/em> \u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1 (\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2<\/a> \u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \r\n \u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5 \r\n \u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1 \u0bae\u0bc2\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1 (\u0bae\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b9e\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<table>\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc8<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u0bae\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 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\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf \r\n \u0ba4\u0bc1. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/economy\">\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc6\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/a> \u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf \u0b95\u0ba9\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbf \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6 \r\n \u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe<\/a> \u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0ba3\u0bbf \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b89\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b86\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f, \u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bae\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0b9a\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bae\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2. \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0b85\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc0\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5, \u0baa\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/contemporary-medicine\">\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0b9f<\/a> \u0bc8 \u0ba4\u0bc1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dentistry\">\u0bb1<\/a> \u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/veterinary-medicine\">\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95<\/a> \u0b89\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8. \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0bb2\u0bb0\u0bcd \u201c\u0b89\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u201d \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc7 \r\n \u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8. \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5 \u0bae\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8f\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbf \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b86\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf \r\n \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-english\">\u0bbf\u0bb2<\/a> \u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\/\u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc6 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-language\">\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a<\/a> \u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf \u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b95<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8. \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bc8. \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd 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\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bcd, IRCC \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bca\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3 \u0b8e\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"ta","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":2,"created_at":"2024-12-05T21:39:08.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-05T21:39:08.000000Z"},{"id":"9def7692-2ec3-45a8-95b7-e161460fc9ee","article_id":"72099","title":"Economic Immigration to Canada [\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79fb\u6c11]","summary":"<p>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5f53\u524d\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u62db\u52df\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u586b\u8865\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/labour-force\">\u52b3\u52a8\u529b<\/a>\u7a7a\u7f3a\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u521b\u4e1a\u5e76\u6295\u8d44\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/economy\">\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/a>\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79fb\u6c11\u5305\u62ec\u96c7\u5458\u548c\u96c7\u4e3b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u65f6\u6210\u4e3a\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\u3002\u8be5\u7c7b\u522b\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u8bb8\u591a\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">\u4e34\u65f6\u5916\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba<\/a>\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79fb\u6c11\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4eba\u624d\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u9057\u4ea7\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u90fd\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u6765\u8005\u3002\r\n\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u8be5\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6839\u636e2021\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5<\/a>\uff0c\u57282016\u5e74\u81f32021\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6709130\u4e07\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\r\n\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u603b\u5171130\u4e07\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u7684748\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d120\u4eba\u3002<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/new_article_images\/EconomicImmigration\/permanent_residence.jpg\" title=\"\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u7559\u8bc1\u7167\u7247\" alt=\"\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u7559\u8bc1\u7167\u7247\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>2001\u5e74\u300a<em>\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u96be\u6c11\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u300b<\/em>\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/parliament\">\u8bae\u4f1a<\/a>\u5bf9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\r\n\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u65e8\u5728 \u201c\u652f\u6301\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u613f\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5c06\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6240\u6709\u5730\u533a\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\">\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\r\n\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u96be\u6c11\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff08IRCC\uff09\u76d1\u7763\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u8be5\u90e8\u4e3a\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6bcf\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u3002IRCC\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/industry\">\u884c\u4e1a<\/a>\u3001\u7701\u4efd\u548c\u5730\u533a\u3001\r\n\u7ed3\u7b97\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u8fdb\u884c\u78cb\u5546\u3002\uff08<em>\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<p>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79fb\u6c11\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/population\">\u7684\u4eba\u53e3<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/labour-force\">\u52b3\u52a8\r\n\u529b<\/a>\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u53e3\u8001\u9f84\u5316\uff0c\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u4f4e\uff08\u5373\u6bcf\u540d\u5987\u5973\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u6570\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e2021\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/demographic-data-collection\">\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5<\/a>\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\r\n\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5916\u56fd\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e03\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\uff08<em>\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/g7-group-of-seven\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u4e03\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2\uff08\u4e03\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2\uff09\uff09<\/a>\u3002\u4ece2016\u5e74\u52302021\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\r\n\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u4e865.4\uff05\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u7ea6\u5360\u589e\u957f\u768471.1\uff05\u3002\u52302040\u5e74\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63a8\u52a8\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79fb\u6c11\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5e74\u8f7b\u3002\r\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79fb\u6c11\u51cf\u7f13\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u8001\u9f84\u5316\u30021971\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6bcf\u4f4d\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u67096.6\u540d\u8fbe\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u52302012\u5e74\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u9000\u4f11\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u964d\u81f34.2\u6bd41\u3002\u9884\u8ba1\u52302036\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c06\u8fbe\u52302\u6bd4 \r\n 1\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u5c06\u6709500\u4e07\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u9000\u4f11\u3002<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<p>\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6b63\u5728\u7ade\u76f8\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u624d\u3002\u5176\u4ed6<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/industrialization\">\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316<\/a>\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u6280\u672f\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5df4\u897f\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\r\n\u7b49\u65b0\u5174\u5e02\u573a\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u30022005\u5e74\uff0c22\uff05\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u65e8\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u7f6e\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u52302015\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u8fbe\u523044\uff05\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u79fb\u6c11\uff1f<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79fb\u6c11\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u79fb\u6c11<\/a>\u7c7b\u522b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/family-reunification-in-canada\">\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">\u96be\u6c11<\/a>\u548c\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fdd\u62a4\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u79fb\u5c45\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5411IRCC\u7533\u8bf7\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u7559\u7b7e\u8bc1\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\u65b9\u9762\u5b9e\u884c\u57fa\u4e8e\u79ef\u5206\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u3001\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/education\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u6559\u80b2<\/a>\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\u57281967\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u79ef\u5206\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\uff08<em>\u53c2\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a>\uff09\u3002\r\n\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u79ef\u538b\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u5bfc\u81f4\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e94\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e8e1993\u5e74\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8e2015\u5e74\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u5883\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Express Entry \u53ef\u5feb\u901f\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5177\u6709\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6216\u9884\u5148\u5b89\u6392\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5b83\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u5df2\u7ecf\r\n\u5728\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5de5\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u751f\uff08<em>\u53c2\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadas-temporary-foreign-worker-programs\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5916\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u8ba1\u5212<\/a>\uff09\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u5883\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u5de5\u4eba\r\n\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u3002\uff08\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u533b\u751f\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u3002\uff09<\/p>\r\n\t\r\n<table>\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u8fd9\u662f\u7ed9\u8c01\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u8054\u90a6\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u4eba\u8ba1\u5212<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u60f3\u8981\u6c38\u4e45\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5177\u6709\u5916\u56fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u8054\u90a6\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u79cd\u8ba1\u5212<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u60f3\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4f53\u9a8c\u8bfe<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p>\u5177\u6709\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6f5c\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u586b\u5199\u7533\u8bf7\u8868\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5e0c\u671b\u79fb\u5c45\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5e93\u3002Express Entry \u7684\u79ef\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u540d\u3002\u5b83\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u548c\r\n\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u5956\u52b1\u79ef\u5206\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6709\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\u6216\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/economy\">IRCC\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5217\u4e3a\u4f18\u5148\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u79fb\u6c11\u8fc5\u901f\u878d\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u5e76\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\r\n\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/a>\u7136\u540e\uff0cIRCC\u5411\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u79fb\u5c45\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u53d1\u653e\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7b7e\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<iframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/f9L6QRDfFtY?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u673a\u9047\u4e0e\u6311\u6218<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u5883\u662f\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u5883\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5b83\u663e\u7136\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4ee5\u524d\u8ba9\r\n\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u6cae\u4e27\u7684\u5148\u5230\u5148\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5c06\u52a0\u5feb\u5165\u5b66\u901f\u5ea6\u6216\u51cf\u7f13\u5165\u5b66\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/economy\">\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/a>\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79ef\u5206\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6ca1\u6709<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\u504f\u89c1\r\n<\/a>\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u539f\u7c4d\u56fd\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u7504\u9009\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u5883\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u79ef\u5206\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5bf9\u516c\u5e73\u548c\u6b63\u4e49\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u63a5\u7eb3\u7684\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u79fb\u6c11\u6bd4\u5176\u5feb\u901f\u8fdb\u5165\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8fd8\u8981\u591a\u3002\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u5728\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/contemporary-medicine\">\u533b\u5b66<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/dentistry\">\u7259\u79d1<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/veterinary-medicine\">\u517d\u533b<\/a>\u9886\u57df\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4e48\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u56de\u5230\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e86 \u201c\u751f\u5b58\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u804c\u4e1a\r\n\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e24\u79cd\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4f7f\u7528\u6280\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u5355\u72ec\u6216\u989d\u5916\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7fa4\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u5f97\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u968f\u7740\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-english\">\u82f1\u8bed<\/a>\u548c\/\u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/french-language\">\u6cd5<\/a>\u8bed\u4e60\u5f97\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u8ddd\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u7f29\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u91d1\u94b1\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u957f\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u8d39\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d39\u7528\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9000\u8fd8\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u9879\u540d\u4e3a\u533b\u7597\u4e0d\u4e88\u53d7\u7406\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0cIRCC\u5c06\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u533b\u7597\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\u7531\u62d2\u7edd\u67d0\u4e9b\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u653f\u7b56\u88ab\u4e25\u5389\u6279\u8bc4\u4e3a\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u548c\u5f3a\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"zh","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":2,"created_at":"2025-01-10T14:08:40.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-10T14:08:40.000000Z"}]},{"id":"9a80d764-3901-4169-83d5-b64401675bc2","author_text":"","revisor":"Clayton Ma","major_update":null,"trigger_warning":0,"views":0,"shares":0,"type":"article","itunes_songs":"","indigo":"","itunes_title_en":"","itunes_title_fr":"","indigo_title_en":"","indigo_title_fr":"","status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2023-10-31T19:46:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-11-22T19:34:14.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"Regroupement familial au Canada","slug":"regroupement-familial-au-canada","alt_slug":"","summary":"<p>Le regroupement familial est une cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> qui permet aux familles de se r\u00e9unir. Une personne \u00e9tablie au Canada peut demander l\u2019immigration d\u2019un membre de sa famille\r\n\tproche rest\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. L\u2019unit\u00e9 familiale est un principe reconnu par le droit universel.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2022, 105\u2009000 personnes ont obtenu leur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/residence-permanente-au-canada\">r\u00e9sidence permanente<\/a> au Canada gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce programme, soit 24,3\u00a0% du nombre total de personnes re\u00e7ues (431\u2009645).<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/new_article_images\/EconomicImmigration\/permanent_residence.jpg\" title=\"Documents de r\u00e9sidence permanente\" alt=\"Photo de documents de r\u00e9sidence permanente\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3>Historique<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Les premi\u00e8res mentions d\u2019un regroupement des familles r\u00e9sidentes au Canada sont attest\u00e9es d\u00e8s le 19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et, surtout, au d\u00e9but du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Selon <em>L\u2019Acte concernant la naturalisation et les \u00e9trangers de 1881<\/em>, si un homme est naturalis\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0sujet britannique du Canada\u00a0\u00bb, sa femme et ses enfants le sont aussi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/deuxieme-guerre-mondiale\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>, le regroupement familial devient une cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a>\t\u00e0 proprement parler. C\u2019est \u00e0 partir de cette p\u00e9riode que se b\u00e2tissent les bases constituant l\u2019immigration contemporaine, \u00e0 la fois \u00e9conomique et sociale. La <em>Loi concernant l\u2019immigration de 1952<\/em> facilite le regroupement familial, permettant aux\r\n\tmembres de la famille \u00e9largie d\u2019\u00eatre accueillis. Cependant, elle privil\u00e9gie l\u2019admission de personnes venant de certains pays. Le ministre et les agents d\u2019immigration peuvent, \u00e0 leur gr\u00e9, refuser des personnes notamment en fonction de leur nationalit\u00e9\r\n\tou de leur appartenance \u00e0 groupe ethnique. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/racisme\">Racisme<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les ann\u00e9es 1960 signent la fin de la s\u00e9lection selon la race et la nationalit\u00e9. Le r\u00e8glement de 1967 cr\u00e9e un syst\u00e8me de points attribu\u00e9s en fonction de crit\u00e8res \u00e9tablis tels que l\u2019\u00e9ducation et les comp\u00e9tences professionnelles. On ouvre peu \u00e0 peu le regroupement\r\n\tfamilial \u00e0 tous et toutes. Les membres de la famille de la personne immigrante dits \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9pendants\u00a0\u00bb sont dispens\u00e9s du syst\u00e8me de points alors que d\u2019autres membres de la famille, appel\u00e9s les \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9sign\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb, doivent s\u2019y soumettre.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c0 partir de la <em>Loi concernant l\u2019immigration au Canada de 1976<\/em>, le regroupement familial est davantage accept\u00e9 et encourag\u00e9. L\u2019immigration familiale prend une place de plus en plus importante dans les politiques canadiennes. (<em>Voir<\/em>\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">Politiques d\u2019immigration au Canada<\/a>.) Une tendance qui est temporairement interrompue d\u00e8s 1995, dans une volont\u00e9 de limiter cette immigration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>C\u2019est la<em> Loi sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de 2001<\/em> et son r\u00e8glement de 2002 qui sont encore en vigueur actuellement. Ils donnent notamment le droit de parrainer un conjoint ou une conjointe de fait, y compris ceux et celles\r\n\tde m\u00eame sexe.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En d\u00e9cembre 2011, le gouvernement de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/stephen-joseph-harper\">Stephen Harper<\/a>, suite \u00e0 un gel temporaire de nouvelles demandes de parrainage, met en place un super visa pour les parents et les\r\n\tgrands-parents de personnes d\u00e9tenant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/residence-permanente-au-canada\">r\u00e9sidence permanente<\/a> ou la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/citoyennete\">citoyennet\u00e9<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En janvier 2017, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral lance le syst\u00e8me de loterie pour le Programme des parents et des grands-parents, un programme restreint pour lequel les exigences financi\u00e8res sont plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Politique de regroupement familial au Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Le droit au regroupement familial est \u00e9tabli par la <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/em>, particuli\u00e8rement dans l\u2019article 12, et le <em>R\u00e8glement sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ce sont les personnes d\u00e9tenant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/residence-permanente-au-canada\">r\u00e9sidence permanente<\/a>, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/citoyennete\">citoyennet\u00e9<\/a> ainsi que\r\n\tles <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies\">personnes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es<\/a> et prot\u00e9g\u00e9es qui peuvent demander le regroupement de leur famille rest\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. Le rapprochement des conjoints et conjointes, des partenaires conjugaux\r\n\tet des enfants est plus fr\u00e9quent que celui des parents et des grands-parents. En 2021, la cat\u00e9gorie des \u00e9poux et \u00e9pouses, conjoints et conjointes de fait et des enfants repr\u00e9sente un peu plus 85\u00a0% des admissions du programme.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">politiques canadiennes en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration<\/a>, incluant le regroupement familial, cherchent \u00e9galement \u00e0 favoriser le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique du pays. Un rapport\r\n\tdu gouvernement rapporte que la majorit\u00e9 des partenaires conjugaux parrain\u00e9s et certains parents et grands-parents contribuent au revenu familial. Les personnes arriv\u00e9es gr\u00e2ce au regroupement familial obtiennent la r\u00e9sidence permanente et peuvent s\u2019\u00e9tablir\r\n\tau pays et travailler librement. Permettre la r\u00e9union des familles est b\u00e9n\u00e9fique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie canadienne, mais aussi au bien-\u00eatre des personnes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigrantes<\/a>. Ce programme leur\r\n\tpermet en effet de soutenir un \u00e9tablissement \u00e0 long terme sain.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Comment fonctionne le programme?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Il est possible de parrainer les conjoints et conjointes de fait, \u00e9poux et \u00e9pouses, partenaires conjugaux, enfants \u00e0 charge de moins de 22 ans ou en voie d\u2019adoption, les parents et grands-parents. On peut \u00e9galement, sous certaines conditions, parrainer\r\n\tles fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs, les ni\u00e8ces et neveux, ainsi que les petites-filles ou petits-fils orphelins. Par contre, les personnes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/citoyennete\">citoyennes<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/residence-permanente-au-canada\">r\u00e9sidentes permanentes<\/a>\tdoivent se porter garantes des personnes qu\u2019elles parrainent.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La personne garante doit parrainer son proche et donc r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ses besoins essentiels, le soutenir dans ses d\u00e9marches d\u2019arriv\u00e9e et d\u2019int\u00e9gration. Elle doit rembourser le gouvernement s\u2019il a d\u00fb verser une prestation d\u2019aide sociale \u00e0 la personne parrain\u00e9e\r\n\tpendant la p\u00e9riode o\u00f9 la personne garante est financi\u00e8rement responsable de cette derni\u00e8re. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/etat-providence\">\u00c9tat-providence<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Quant aux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies\">personnes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es<\/a>, dans le cadre d\u2019un projet pilote, elles peuvent depuis septembre 2019 parrainer leur conjoint ou conjointe de fait, \u00e9poux, \u00e9pouse et partenaire conjugal,\r\n\tde m\u00eame que leur enfant biologique ou adoptif de moins de 22 ans, si ce membre de la famille n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9 dans la demande initiale.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La personne parrain\u00e9e a le droit de recevoir des services d\u2019int\u00e9gration. Elle b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie de plusieurs droits comme la protection sociale et, avec un permis de travail, le droit au travail, etc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les demandes de regroupement refus\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre contest\u00e9es en appel devant une division de la Commission de l\u2019immigration et du statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Comp\u00e9tence f\u00e9d\u00e9rale<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Le regroupement familial est l\u2019une des trois cat\u00e9gories d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration au Canada<\/a> g\u00e9r\u00e9es par le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Immigration, des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de la Citoyennet\u00e9 (IRCC).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Selon l\u2019Accord Canada-Qu\u00e9bec de 1991, seul le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral est responsable des demandes dans les cat\u00e9gories du regroupement familial et des personnes prot\u00e9g\u00e9es. Il y a n\u00e9anmoins des documents \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter au minist\u00e8re de l'Immigration, de la Francisation\r\n\tet de l'Int\u00e9gration, pour les personnes vivant au Qu\u00e9bec. Dans la province, les personnes garantes sont responsables des personnes parrain\u00e9es pour une p\u00e9riode de trois ans dans le cas d\u2019un conjoint ou d\u2019une conjointe. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-du-quebec\">Politique d\u2019immigration qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>C\u2019est l\u2019IRCC qui \u00e9tablit les cibles annuelles du programme selon deux cat\u00e9gories, d\u2019une part, celle des \u00e9poux ou \u00e9pouses, des conjoints ou conjointes de fait et des enfants et, d\u2019autre part, celle des parents et grands-parents.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Un syst\u00e8me critiqu\u00e9<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Le syst\u00e8me canadien de regroupement familial est critiqu\u00e9 par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile qui d\u00e9nonce de longs d\u00e9lais de traitement et des failles compliquant la r\u00e9union de nombreuses familles. D\u2019ailleurs, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies\">personnes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es<\/a>\tse retrouvent d\u2019autant plus affect\u00e9es par ces enjeux.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/pandemie-de-covid-19\">pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19<\/a> accentue les d\u00e9lais de traitement des demandes d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a>, toutes\r\n\tcat\u00e9gories confondues. Ceux pour le regroupement familial, pouvant atteindre plus de deux ans, sont largement contest\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Pour la cat\u00e9gorie des parents et des grands-parents, un syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9lection au hasard est mis en place en janvier 2017 avant d\u2019\u00eatre remplac\u00e9 en 2019 par un syst\u00e8me de \u00ab\u00a0premier arriv\u00e9, premier servi\u00a0\u00bb. Des dizaines de milliers de personnes\r\n\trapportent ne pas avoir pu remplir leur demande assez rapidement. En 2019, 43\u2009666 demandes \u00e9taient dans l\u2019inventaire, mais seulement 22\u2009011 de celles-ci sont approuv\u00e9es.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Face \u00e0 ces critiques, le gouvernement de Justin Trudeau r\u00e9instaure la loterie en 2020 pour avoir un syst\u00e8me plus \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9quitable et transparent\u00a0\u00bb. Mais plusieurs personnes immigrantes au Canada estiment au contraire que le hasard n\u2019est pas \u00e9quitable,\r\n\tmais plut\u00f4t injuste.<\/p>","twitter_summary":null,"pivot":{"model_id":"72064","relatable_id":"9a80d764-3901-4169-83d5-b64401675bc2","relatable_type":"App\\Models\\Article","position":7},"translations":[{"id":"9a80d764-59a5-4485-8637-be10f2baa64d","article_id":"9a80d764-3901-4169-83d5-b64401675bc2","title":"Family Reunification in Canada","summary":"<p>\r\n\tFamily reunification is an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> category that allows families to reunite. A person established in Canada can apply to immigrate a close family member from abroad. Family\r\n\tunity is a principle recognized by universal law.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 2022, 105\u2009000 people were granted <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/permanent-residency-in-canada\">permanent residency<\/a> in Canada through this program, representing 24.3% of the total number of immigrants (431\u2009645).<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/new_article_images\/EconomicImmigration\/permanent_residence.jpg\" title=\"Permanent residence papers\" alt=\"Photo of permanent residence papers\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h3>History<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>The first references to a reunification of families residing in Canada date back to the 19th century, and especially to the early 20th century.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>According to the 1881 <em>Naturalization and Aliens Act<\/em>, if a man is naturalized as a \"British subject of Canada\", so are his wife and children.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>After the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\">Second World War<\/a>, family reunification became an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> category in its own\r\n\tright. This period laid the foundations of contemporary immigration, both economic and social. The 1952<em> Immigration Act<\/em> facilitated family reunification, allowing members of the extended family to be welcomed. However, it favoured the admission\r\n\tof people from certain countries. The Minister and immigration officers were permitted, at their discretion, to refuse to admit people on the basis of their nationality or ethnic group (<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\">Racism<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The selection of immigrants by race and nationality ended in the 1960s. A 1967 regulation created a points system based on established criteria such as education and professional skills. Thereafter, family reunification was gradually opened up to all.\r\n\t\u201cDependent\" members of the immigrant's family were exempted from the points system, while other family members, known as \"designated\", were subject to it.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Following the 1976 <em>Immigration Act<\/em>, family reunification became more widely accepted and encouraged. Family immigration took on an increasingly important role in Canadian policies (<em>see<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\"> Immigration Policies in Canada<\/a>).\r\n\tThis trend was temporarily interrupted in 1995, in an effort to limit such immigration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The 2001 <em>Immigration and Refugee Protection Act<\/em> and its 2002 regulations are still in place today. They give applicants the right to sponsor a spouse or common-law partner, including those of the same sex.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In December 2011, following a temporary freeze on new sponsorship applications, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/stephen-joseph-harper\">Stephen Harper<\/a>'s government introduced a super visa for parents and grandparents of\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/permanent-residency-in-canada\">permanent residents<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/citizenship\">citizens<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In January 2017, the federal government launched the lottery system for the Parents and Grandparents Program, a restricted program with higher financial requirements.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Family Reunification Policy in Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>The right to family reunification is established by the <em>Immigration and Refugee Protection Act<\/em>, particularly section 12, and the <em>Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/permanent-residency-in-canada\">Permanent residents<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/citizenship\">citizens<\/a>, as well as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">refugees<\/a>\tand protected persons, can apply to reunite with their families living abroad. Spouses, domestic partners and children are more frequently reunited than parents and grandparents. In 2021, spouses, common-law partners and children accounted for just over\r\n\t85% of program admissions.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">immigration policies<\/a>, including family reunification, are also designed to boost the country's economic development. A government report states that the majority\r\n\tof sponsored domestic partners and some parents and grandparents contribute to the family income. People who arrive through family reunification are granted permanent residency and can settle in the country and work freely. Bringing families together\r\n\tbenefits the Canadian economy, as well as the well-being of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration-policy\">immigrants<\/a> themselves. This program enables them to maintain a healthy long-term settlement.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>How does the program work?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Spouses, common-law partners, domestic partners, dependent children under 22 or in the process of adoption, parents and grandparents may be sponsored. Under certain conditions, applicants can also sponsor brothers and sisters, nieces and nephews, and\r\n\torphaned grandchildren. However, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/citizenship\">citizens<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/permanent-residency-in-canada\">permanent residents<\/a> must declare themselves\r\n\tguarantors for the persons they sponsor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The guarantor must sponsor their family member, provide for their basic needs and support them in the arrival and integration process. They must reimburse the government if it has to pay welfare benefits to the sponsored person during the period in which\r\n\tthe guarantor is financially responsible for the sponsored person. (<em>See also<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/welfare-state\">Welfare State<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Since September 2019, as part of a pilot project, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">refugees<\/a> have been able to sponsor their spouse, common-law partner or domestic partner, as well as their biological or adopted\r\n\tchild under the age of 22, if this family member was not declared in the initial application.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The sponsored person has the right to receive integration services. They benefit from several rights such as social protection and, with a work permit, the right to work, etc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>If a reunification application is refused, it may be appealed to a division of the Immigration and Refugee Board.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Federal Jurisdiction<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Family reunification is one of the three categories of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/immigration\">immigration to Canada<\/a> managed by the Department of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship (IRCC).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Under the 1991 <em>Canada-Quebec Accord<\/em>, the federal government alone is responsible for family reunification and protected persons applications. However, for those living in Quebec, documents must be submitted to the Minist\u00e8re de l'Immigration,\r\n\tde la Francisation et de l'Int\u00e9gration. In Quebec guarantors are responsible for sponsored persons for a period of three years in the case of a spouse (<em>see <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/politique-du-quebec-immigration\">Quebec Immigration Policy<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>IRCC sets the program's annual targets in two categories. The first category is spouses, common-law partners and children, and the second category is parents and grandparents.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>A Criticized System<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada's family reunification system is criticized by civil society due to long processing times and loopholes that make it difficult for many families to reunite. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/refugees\">Refugees<\/a> are particularly\r\n\taffected by these issues.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/covid-19-pandemic\">COVID-19 pandemic<\/a> has exacerbated processing times for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> applications in all categories.\r\n\tThose for family reunification, which can take more than two years, are widely contested.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>For the parents and grandparents category, a random selection system was introduced in January 2017 before being replaced in 2019 by a \"first come, first served\" system. Tens of thousands of people reported not being able to complete their applications\r\n\tquickly enough. In 2019, 43,666 applications were in the inventory, but only 22,011 of them were approved.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In light of the criticism, Justin Trudeau's government reinstated the lottery in 2020 to make the system \"fairer and more transparent\". But many immigrants to Canada feel that the lottery is not fair, but rather unfair.<\/p>","slug":"family-reunification-in-canada","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"en","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2023-10-31T19:46:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-11-22T19:34:14.000000Z"},{"id":"9a80d764-5e97-4bbc-90ea-5b749506cf0a","article_id":"9a80d764-3901-4169-83d5-b64401675bc2","title":"Regroupement familial au Canada","summary":"<p>Le regroupement familial est une cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a> qui permet aux familles de se r\u00e9unir. Une personne \u00e9tablie au Canada peut demander l\u2019immigration d\u2019un membre de sa famille\r\n\tproche rest\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. L\u2019unit\u00e9 familiale est un principe reconnu par le droit universel.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 2022, 105\u2009000 personnes ont obtenu leur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/residence-permanente-au-canada\">r\u00e9sidence permanente<\/a> au Canada gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce programme, soit 24,3\u00a0% du nombre total de personnes re\u00e7ues (431\u2009645).<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/new_article_images\/EconomicImmigration\/permanent_residence.jpg\" title=\"Documents de r\u00e9sidence permanente\" alt=\"Photo de documents de r\u00e9sidence permanente\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3>Historique<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Les premi\u00e8res mentions d\u2019un regroupement des familles r\u00e9sidentes au Canada sont attest\u00e9es d\u00e8s le 19<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et, surtout, au d\u00e9but du 20<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Selon <em>L\u2019Acte concernant la naturalisation et les \u00e9trangers de 1881<\/em>, si un homme est naturalis\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0sujet britannique du Canada\u00a0\u00bb, sa femme et ses enfants le sont aussi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/deuxieme-guerre-mondiale\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>, le regroupement familial devient une cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a>\t\u00e0 proprement parler. C\u2019est \u00e0 partir de cette p\u00e9riode que se b\u00e2tissent les bases constituant l\u2019immigration contemporaine, \u00e0 la fois \u00e9conomique et sociale. La <em>Loi concernant l\u2019immigration de 1952<\/em> facilite le regroupement familial, permettant aux\r\n\tmembres de la famille \u00e9largie d\u2019\u00eatre accueillis. Cependant, elle privil\u00e9gie l\u2019admission de personnes venant de certains pays. Le ministre et les agents d\u2019immigration peuvent, \u00e0 leur gr\u00e9, refuser des personnes notamment en fonction de leur nationalit\u00e9\r\n\tou de leur appartenance \u00e0 groupe ethnique. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/racisme\">Racisme<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les ann\u00e9es 1960 signent la fin de la s\u00e9lection selon la race et la nationalit\u00e9. Le r\u00e8glement de 1967 cr\u00e9e un syst\u00e8me de points attribu\u00e9s en fonction de crit\u00e8res \u00e9tablis tels que l\u2019\u00e9ducation et les comp\u00e9tences professionnelles. On ouvre peu \u00e0 peu le regroupement\r\n\tfamilial \u00e0 tous et toutes. Les membres de la famille de la personne immigrante dits \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9pendants\u00a0\u00bb sont dispens\u00e9s du syst\u00e8me de points alors que d\u2019autres membres de la famille, appel\u00e9s les \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9sign\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb, doivent s\u2019y soumettre.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c0 partir de la <em>Loi concernant l\u2019immigration au Canada de 1976<\/em>, le regroupement familial est davantage accept\u00e9 et encourag\u00e9. L\u2019immigration familiale prend une place de plus en plus importante dans les politiques canadiennes. (<em>Voir<\/em>\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">Politiques d\u2019immigration au Canada<\/a>.) Une tendance qui est temporairement interrompue d\u00e8s 1995, dans une volont\u00e9 de limiter cette immigration.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>C\u2019est la<em> Loi sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de 2001<\/em> et son r\u00e8glement de 2002 qui sont encore en vigueur actuellement. Ils donnent notamment le droit de parrainer un conjoint ou une conjointe de fait, y compris ceux et celles\r\n\tde m\u00eame sexe.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En d\u00e9cembre 2011, le gouvernement de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/stephen-joseph-harper\">Stephen Harper<\/a>, suite \u00e0 un gel temporaire de nouvelles demandes de parrainage, met en place un super visa pour les parents et les\r\n\tgrands-parents de personnes d\u00e9tenant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/residence-permanente-au-canada\">r\u00e9sidence permanente<\/a> ou la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/citoyennete\">citoyennet\u00e9<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En janvier 2017, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral lance le syst\u00e8me de loterie pour le Programme des parents et des grands-parents, un programme restreint pour lequel les exigences financi\u00e8res sont plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Politique de regroupement familial au Canada<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Le droit au regroupement familial est \u00e9tabli par la <em>Loi sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/em>, particuli\u00e8rement dans l\u2019article 12, et le <em>R\u00e8glement sur l\u2019immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ce sont les personnes d\u00e9tenant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/residence-permanente-au-canada\">r\u00e9sidence permanente<\/a>, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/citoyennete\">citoyennet\u00e9<\/a> ainsi que\r\n\tles <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies\">personnes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es<\/a> et prot\u00e9g\u00e9es qui peuvent demander le regroupement de leur famille rest\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. Le rapprochement des conjoints et conjointes, des partenaires conjugaux\r\n\tet des enfants est plus fr\u00e9quent que celui des parents et des grands-parents. En 2021, la cat\u00e9gorie des \u00e9poux et \u00e9pouses, conjoints et conjointes de fait et des enfants repr\u00e9sente un peu plus 85\u00a0% des admissions du programme.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-1\">politiques canadiennes en mati\u00e8re d\u2019immigration<\/a>, incluant le regroupement familial, cherchent \u00e9galement \u00e0 favoriser le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique du pays. Un rapport\r\n\tdu gouvernement rapporte que la majorit\u00e9 des partenaires conjugaux parrain\u00e9s et certains parents et grands-parents contribuent au revenu familial. Les personnes arriv\u00e9es gr\u00e2ce au regroupement familial obtiennent la r\u00e9sidence permanente et peuvent s\u2019\u00e9tablir\r\n\tau pays et travailler librement. Permettre la r\u00e9union des familles est b\u00e9n\u00e9fique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie canadienne, mais aussi au bien-\u00eatre des personnes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigrantes<\/a>. Ce programme leur\r\n\tpermet en effet de soutenir un \u00e9tablissement \u00e0 long terme sain.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Comment fonctionne le programme?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Il est possible de parrainer les conjoints et conjointes de fait, \u00e9poux et \u00e9pouses, partenaires conjugaux, enfants \u00e0 charge de moins de 22 ans ou en voie d\u2019adoption, les parents et grands-parents. On peut \u00e9galement, sous certaines conditions, parrainer\r\n\tles fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs, les ni\u00e8ces et neveux, ainsi que les petites-filles ou petits-fils orphelins. Par contre, les personnes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/citoyennete\">citoyennes<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/residence-permanente-au-canada\">r\u00e9sidentes permanentes<\/a>\tdoivent se porter garantes des personnes qu\u2019elles parrainent.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La personne garante doit parrainer son proche et donc r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ses besoins essentiels, le soutenir dans ses d\u00e9marches d\u2019arriv\u00e9e et d\u2019int\u00e9gration. Elle doit rembourser le gouvernement s\u2019il a d\u00fb verser une prestation d\u2019aide sociale \u00e0 la personne parrain\u00e9e\r\n\tpendant la p\u00e9riode o\u00f9 la personne garante est financi\u00e8rement responsable de cette derni\u00e8re. (<em>Voir aussi<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/etat-providence\">\u00c9tat-providence<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Quant aux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies\">personnes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es<\/a>, dans le cadre d\u2019un projet pilote, elles peuvent depuis septembre 2019 parrainer leur conjoint ou conjointe de fait, \u00e9poux, \u00e9pouse et partenaire conjugal,\r\n\tde m\u00eame que leur enfant biologique ou adoptif de moins de 22 ans, si ce membre de la famille n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9 dans la demande initiale.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La personne parrain\u00e9e a le droit de recevoir des services d\u2019int\u00e9gration. Elle b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie de plusieurs droits comme la protection sociale et, avec un permis de travail, le droit au travail, etc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Les demandes de regroupement refus\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre contest\u00e9es en appel devant une division de la Commission de l\u2019immigration et du statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Comp\u00e9tence f\u00e9d\u00e9rale<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Le regroupement familial est l\u2019une des trois cat\u00e9gories d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration au Canada<\/a> g\u00e9r\u00e9es par le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Immigration, des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de la Citoyennet\u00e9 (IRCC).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Selon l\u2019Accord Canada-Qu\u00e9bec de 1991, seul le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral est responsable des demandes dans les cat\u00e9gories du regroupement familial et des personnes prot\u00e9g\u00e9es. Il y a n\u00e9anmoins des documents \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter au minist\u00e8re de l'Immigration, de la Francisation\r\n\tet de l'Int\u00e9gration, pour les personnes vivant au Qu\u00e9bec. Dans la province, les personnes garantes sont responsables des personnes parrain\u00e9es pour une p\u00e9riode de trois ans dans le cas d\u2019un conjoint ou d\u2019une conjointe. (<em>Voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/politique-dimmigration-du-quebec\">Politique d\u2019immigration qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise<\/a>.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>C\u2019est l\u2019IRCC qui \u00e9tablit les cibles annuelles du programme selon deux cat\u00e9gories, d\u2019une part, celle des \u00e9poux ou \u00e9pouses, des conjoints ou conjointes de fait et des enfants et, d\u2019autre part, celle des parents et grands-parents.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Un syst\u00e8me critiqu\u00e9<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Le syst\u00e8me canadien de regroupement familial est critiqu\u00e9 par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile qui d\u00e9nonce de longs d\u00e9lais de traitement et des failles compliquant la r\u00e9union de nombreuses familles. D\u2019ailleurs, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/refugies\">personnes r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es<\/a>\tse retrouvent d\u2019autant plus affect\u00e9es par ces enjeux.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/pandemie-de-covid-19\">pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19<\/a> accentue les d\u00e9lais de traitement des demandes d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/immigration\">immigration<\/a>, toutes\r\n\tcat\u00e9gories confondues. Ceux pour le regroupement familial, pouvant atteindre plus de deux ans, sont largement contest\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Pour la cat\u00e9gorie des parents et des grands-parents, un syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9lection au hasard est mis en place en janvier 2017 avant d\u2019\u00eatre remplac\u00e9 en 2019 par un syst\u00e8me de \u00ab\u00a0premier arriv\u00e9, premier servi\u00a0\u00bb. Des dizaines de milliers de personnes\r\n\trapportent ne pas avoir pu remplir leur demande assez rapidement. En 2019, 43\u2009666 demandes \u00e9taient dans l\u2019inventaire, mais seulement 22\u2009011 de celles-ci sont approuv\u00e9es.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Face \u00e0 ces critiques, le gouvernement de Justin Trudeau r\u00e9instaure la loterie en 2020 pour avoir un syst\u00e8me plus \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9quitable et transparent\u00a0\u00bb. Mais plusieurs personnes immigrantes au Canada estiment au contraire que le hasard n\u2019est pas \u00e9quitable,\r\n\tmais plut\u00f4t injuste.<\/p>","slug":"regroupement-familial-au-canada","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"fr","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2023-10-31T19:46:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-11-22T19:34:14.000000Z"}]},{"id":"79448","author_text":"J.s. Frideres","revisor":"Jon Tattrie; Clayton Ma","major_update":null,"trigger_warning":0,"views":0,"shares":0,"type":"article","itunes_songs":"","indigo":"","itunes_title_en":"","itunes_title_fr":"","indigo_title_en":"","indigo_title_fr":"","status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2021-01-18T21:31:48.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"Racisme","slug":"racisme","alt_slug":"","summary":"Le racisme est une croyance selon laquelle les humains peuvent \u00eatre divis\u00e9s suivant une hi\u00e9rarchie du pouvoir en fonction de leurs diff\u00e9rences de race et d\u2019ethnicit\u00e9. Ainsi, certains groupes sont vus comme sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 d\u2019autres uniquement en raison de caract\u00e9ristiques raciales ou ethniques. Le racisme est souvent exprim\u00e9 sous forme de <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s ou de discrimination<\/a>. Cette croyance peut \u00eatre manifest\u00e9e par des individus, mais aussi par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s ou des institutions.","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/876dbb1e-74e3-4cfe-b961-a6d31d296fd6.jpg\" title=\"Canadian Illustrated News, 26 April 1879\" alt=\"Canadian Illustrated News, 26 April 1879\"><\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>D\u00e9but du racisme<\/h3>\r\n<p>Alors que la x\u00e9nophobie, la peur \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de personnes qui ne nous ressemblent pas, a pendant longtemps constitu\u00e9 un \u00e9l\u00e9ment des cultures humaines, le concept de \u00ab race \u00bb appara\u00eet dans la langue anglaise vers le 17<sup>e\u00a0<\/sup>si\u00e8cle. Les Nord-Am\u00e9ricains\r\n\tadoptent ce terme dans leurs \u00e9crits scientifiques vers la fin du 18<sup>e\u00a0<\/sup>si\u00e8cle. Les scientifiques du 19<sup>e\u00a0<\/sup>si\u00e8cle entreprennent d\u2019\u00e9tudier le racisme. On tente alors de s\u2019en servir pour tenter d\u2019expliquer les conflits politiques\r\n\tet \u00e9conomiques ainsi que pour justifier le colonialisme et l\u2019imp\u00e9rialisme europ\u00e9ens de par le monde.<\/p>\r\n<p>Vers le milieu du 19<sup>e\u00a0<\/sup>si\u00e8cle, plusieurs racistes s\u2019entendent sur le fait qu\u2019on peut r\u00e9partir la population du monde entre une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de races constitu\u00e9es de groupes humains partageant des attributs ph\u00e9notypiques similaires, tels que la\r\n\tcouleur de la peau et la texture des cheveux. Ce processus consistant \u00e0 cataloguer les races, nomm\u00e9 \u00ab racialisation \u00bb, est un pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence du racisme comme id\u00e9ologie.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Croyances fondamentales<\/h3>\r\n<p>Le racisme pr\u00e9tend diviser l\u2019esp\u00e8ce humaine en un certain nombre de groupes biologiques diff\u00e9rents. Ces groupes d\u00e9terminent les comportements et les succ\u00e8s des individus qui en font partie. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une croyance qui per\u00e7oit les races comme des subdivisions\r\n\tnaturelles et immuables de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce humaine, chacune ayant ses caract\u00e9ristiques culturelles et son potentiel distinct et variable pour cr\u00e9er et faire \u00e9voluer sa civilisation respective. C\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que les attributs biologiques peuvent servir \u00e0 expliquer\r\n\tla diversit\u00e9 sociale et culturelle de l\u2019humanit\u00e9. Fait aussi partie de cette id\u00e9ologie la croyance en un ordonnancement naturel et hi\u00e9rarchique des groupes humains, qui permet aux races sup\u00e9rieures de dominer les autres.<\/p>\r\n<p>La pens\u00e9e raciste tient pour acquis que les diff\u00e9rences entre groupes sont inn\u00e9es et immuables. Selon elle, l\u2019environnement n\u2019influence donc pas l\u2019intelligence, les attitudes et les croyances. Elle interpr\u00e8te l\u2019existence de groupes au bas et au sommet\r\n\tde la hi\u00e9rarchie sociale, qui sont le r\u00e9sultat de diff\u00e9rences qualitatives dans leur constitution biologique naturelle, et non comme le produit des influences de leur milieu social. Les racistes s\u2019opposent \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9gration sociale en affirmant qu\u2019elle\r\n\tprovoquerait la d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence du groupe sup\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\r\n<p>Si les diff\u00e9rences biologiques ne peuvent pas \u00eatre perceptibles aussi facilement, les racistes inventent des diff\u00e9rences biologiques, par exemple la taille du nez ou la couleur des yeux. Le racisme n\u2019existe pas en raison de la pr\u00e9sence de diff\u00e9rences\r\n\tphysiques objectives parmi l\u2019humain, mais plut\u00f4t en raison de la reconnaissance sociale et de l\u2019importance accord\u00e9e \u00e0 de telles diff\u00e9rences.<\/p>\r\n<p>L\u2019id\u00e9ologie raciste repose sur trois suppositions erron\u00e9es. Premi\u00e8rement, les diff\u00e9rences biologiques vont de pair avec des diff\u00e9rences culturelles. Deuxi\u00e8mement, la constitution biologique pr\u00e9d\u00e9termine les r\u00e9alisations culturelles d\u2019un groupe. Troisi\u00e8mement,\r\n\tla constitution biologique limite le niveau de d\u00e9veloppement culturel qu\u2019un groupe peut atteindre. Les recherches montrent le caract\u00e8re erron\u00e9 de ces suppositions, qui reposent en bonne partie sur la th\u00e8se insoutenable voulant que la biologie soit responsable\r\n\tde tout. Les nombreux faits qui d\u00e9montrent l\u2019existence de diff\u00e9rences plus marqu\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des groupes qu\u2019entre eux et l\u2019impact des facteurs sociaux sur les comportements \u00e9branlent s\u00e9rieusement les croyances racistes. Pour tout dire, si le terme\r\n\t\u00ab race \u00bb s\u2019emploie dans le langage courant, surtout pour d\u00e9signer les diff\u00e9rentes couleurs de la peau, il n\u2019est gu\u00e8re utile sur le plan biologique.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Racisme institutionnel<\/h3>\r\n<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es 1960, l\u2019application du concept de racisme concerne le traitement d\u2019individus et la croyance qu\u2019un individu est inf\u00e9rieur en raison de sa race. Avec le temps, le terme prend de l\u2019ampleur pour inclure le racisme institutionnel, lorsque les\r\n\tinstitutions politiques, \u00e9conomiques et sociales fonctionnent au d\u00e9triment d\u2019un individu ou d\u2019un groupe. Le racisme culturel repose sur une pr\u00e9tendue incompatibilit\u00e9 entre des traditions culturelles plut\u00f4t que sur des id\u00e9es de sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 biologique\r\n\tinn\u00e9e.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>Le racisme peut aussi se refl\u00e9ter dans les fa\u00e7ons que les institutions sociales fonctionnent, en niant \u00e0 certains groupes d\u2019individus un traitement juste et \u00e9quitable. Dans ce cas, on parle de \u00ab structures de pouvoirs \u00bb, autrement nomm\u00e9es \u00ab racisme institutionnel\r\n\t\u00bb. Ceci comprend l\u2019autorit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tablir ce qui est normal, n\u00e9cessaire et souhaitable pour favoriser la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 ou les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences d\u2019un groupe par rapport \u00e0 un autre.<\/p>\r\n<p>De nombreux exemples de formes de racisme institutionnel se voient dans l\u2019histoire du Canada, notamment des politiques d\u2019immigration restrictives et des politiques contre les peuples autochtones et les immigrants non blancs, en particulier les Asiatiques,\r\n\tles\u00a0\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/black-canadians\/\">personnes noires<\/a> et les\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Juifs<\/a>. Le racisme institutionnel se manifeste dans les politiques\r\n\tou les programmes en apparence neutres sur le plan racial, mais, intentionnellement ou non, d\u00e9savantageant un groupe minoritaire. Par exemple, dans certaines provinces, le processus de s\u00e9lection des citoyens pour servir comme jur\u00e9s a eu comme cons\u00e9quence\r\n\tque peu d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">Autochtones<\/a> \u00e9taient choisis. Ces aspects du racisme d\u00e9montrent que l\u2019\u00c9tat et les individus dans des postes d\u2019autorit\u00e9 peuvent cr\u00e9er ou perp\u00e9tuer des politiques\r\n\tou des pratiques raciales.<\/p>\r\n<p>Certaines des politiques les plus racistes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dirig\u00e9es envers les peuples autochtones. Jusqu\u2019en 1960, les adultes autochtones ne pouvaient pas\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/franchise\/\">voter lors des \u00e9lections f\u00e9d\u00e9rales<\/a>,\r\n\t\u00e0 moins qu\u2019ils renoncent \u00e0 leur statut inscrit sous la\u00a0<i>Loi sur les Indiens\u00a0<\/i>et renoncent \u00e0 leurs droits issus des trait\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n<p>En 1880, le gouvernement du Canada a entrepris de financer des\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/residential-schools\/\">pensionnats<\/a> con\u00e7us pour int\u00e9grer les enfants autochtones dans la culture eurocanadienne. Entre les\r\n\tann\u00e9es 1930 et 1990, des \u00e9coles religieuses \u00e0 travers le Canada \u00e9taient consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019assimilation des enfants autochtones dans la culture dominante. Plusieurs enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s de leurs parents, et soumis \u00e0 des abus humiliants, \u00e0 des exp\u00e9riences\r\n\tscientifiques et \u00e0 de mauvaises conditions de vie. La culture autochtone \u00e9tait r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement d\u00e9nigr\u00e9e, et plusieurs enfants \u00e9taient battus s\u2019ils parlaient leur langue.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e2fc5e7b-a9d8-44b1-9ad2-d3eb4b918457.jpg\" title=\"\u00c9l\u00e8ves du pensionnat indien de Metlakatla\" alt=\"\u00c9l\u00e8ves du pensionnat indien de Metlakatla\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Le taux de meurtres et de disparitions de femmes autochtones au Canada est beaucoup plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que chez les femmes non autochtones, un fait qui d\u00e9coule des cons\u00e9quences du racisme, selon plusieurs. Les femmes autochtones repr\u00e9sentent seulement 4,3 % des\r\n\tfemmes canadiennes, mais repr\u00e9sentent 16 % de toutes les victimes d\u2019homicide.<\/p>\r\n<p>Les Canadiens de race noire font l\u2019objet d\u2019une surveillance polici\u00e8re accrue, et les \u00e9tudes t\u00e9moignent de l\u2019existence du profilage racial. Une \u00e9tude a \u00e9tabli que les policiers constatent que 33,6 % des conducteurs arr\u00eat\u00e9s par les policiers de Toronto\r\n\t\u00e9taient de race noire, en comparaison avec les 8,1 % de la population totale de race noire.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Lutte contre le racisme<\/h3>\r\n<p>Pendant le dernier quart de si\u00e8cle, le\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/federal-government\/\">gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/a> et\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/provincial-government\/\">ceux des provinces<\/a>\tont \u00e9dict\u00e9 des lois pour combattre le racisme. Alors que l\u2019id\u00e9ologie grossi\u00e8rement raciste est rare (<i>voir\u00a0<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">Ku Klux Klan<\/a>), des exemples de croyances racistes sont\r\n\tencore apparents. Aujourd\u2019hui, le racisme et la discrimination sont plus fr\u00e9quemment v\u00e9cus par les minorit\u00e9s visibles.<\/p>\r\n<p>Le Canada et les provinces ont adopt\u00e9 des lois pour prot\u00e9ger les individus, les groupes et leurs expressions culturelles. Toutefois, des formes de racisme et de discrimination persistent. La\u00a0<i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadian-human-rights-act\">Loi canadienne sur les droits de la personne<\/a> <\/i>\u00a0prohibe\r\n\tla communication haineuse. La loi prot\u00e8ge les Canadiens contre tout discours qui fait la promotion de la haine, incite \u00e0 la haine contre un groupe identifiable bas\u00e9 sur son ethnicit\u00e9 ou la couleur de sa peau. <\/p>\r\n<p>La\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\"><i>Charte canadienne des droits et des libert\u00e9s<\/i> <\/a> \u00e9nonce les droits constitutionnels essentiels dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique et pr\u00e9cise\r\n\tque toute loi canadienne doit \u00eatre conforme avec la Charte. L\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre tous les Canadiens est prot\u00e9g\u00e9e sous la Charte, et celle-ci assure la garantie de certains droits aux peuples autochtones et affirme l\u2019h\u00e9ritage <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/multiculturalism\">multiculturel<\/a>\tCanada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31f862c0-7a65-41c2-a522-44c57858f583.jpg\" title=\"La Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s\" alt=\"La Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s\"><\/div>\r\n \r\n<p>La\u00a0<i>Loi canadienne sur les droits de la personne\u00a0<\/i>prot\u00e8ge les individus contre la discrimination bas\u00e9e sur des caract\u00e9ristiques personnelles, y compris la race, l\u2019origine nationale ou ethnique, la couleur, la religion, l\u2019\u00e2ge, le sexe, l\u2019orientation\r\n\tsexuelle et le statut matrimonial. La\u00a0<i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/multiculturalism\/\">Loi sur le multiculturalisme canadien<\/a>\u00a0<\/i>prot\u00e8ge les groupes contre la discrimination culturelle et affirme l\u2019engagement\r\n\tenvers les nouveaux Canadiens qu\u2019ils peuvent pr\u00e9server certains aspects de leur culture au Canada. D\u2019autres dispositions l\u00e9gislatives importantes se trouvent dans le\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/criminal-code\/\"><i>Code criminel<\/i> <\/a>\tdu Canada, qui interdit la promotion de la haine et l\u2019incitation \u00e0 la propagande haineuse, la\u00a0<i>Loi sur l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d\u2019emploi<\/i>, qui vise \u00e0 assurer un traitement \u00e9quitable dans les pratiques d\u2019embauche des femmes, des Autochtones, des\r\n\tpersonnes ayant des handicaps et des membres des minorit\u00e9s visibles.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>","twitter_summary":null,"pivot":{"model_id":"72064","relatable_id":"79448","relatable_type":"App\\Models\\Article","position":8},"translations":[{"id":"3272de09-862f-4545-a27d-1c58fad47d0a","article_id":"79448","title":"Racism","summary":"<p>Racism is a belief that humans can be divided into a hierarchy of power on the basis of their differences in race and ethnicity. With some groups seen as superior to others on the sole basis of their racial or ethnic characteristics. Racism is frequently\r\n\texpressed through <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">prejudice and discrimination<\/a>. The belief can manifest itself through individuals, but also through societies and institutions.<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/876dbb1e-74e3-4cfe-b961-a6d31d296fd6.jpg\" title=\"Canadian Illustrated News, 26 April 1879\" alt=\"Canadian Illustrated News, 26 April 1879\"><\/div>\r\n<h3>Early Racism<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>While xenophobia\u00a0\u2014\u00a0or fear of those unlike us\u00a0\u2014\u00a0has long been a part of human cultures, the concept of race first appeared in the English language around the 17th century. North Americans began to use the term in their scientific writings\r\n\tby the late 18th century. Racism began to be studied by scientists in the 19th century. Racism was used to in an attempt to explain political and economic conflicts as well as to justify European colonialism and imperialism across the world.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>By the mid-19th century, many racists believed the world\u2019s population could be divided into a variety of races: groups of people who shared similar physical attributes, such as skin colour and hair texture. This process of race categorization is referred\r\n\tto as racialization and is necessary for the emergence of racism as an ideology.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Core Beliefs<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Racism claims the human species can be divided into different biological groups that determine the behaviour, economic, and political success of individuals within that group. This belief views races as natural and fixed subdivisions of the human species,\r\n\teach with its distinct and variable cultural characteristics and capacity for the development of civilizations. Thus, racists believe that biological factors can be used to explain the social and cultural variations of humans. Racism also includes the\r\n\tbelief that there is a natural hierarchical ordering of groups of people so that superior races can dominate inferior ones.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Racist thinking presumes that differences among groups are innate and not subject to change. Thus, intelligence, attitudes and beliefs are viewed as not affected by one\u2019s environment or history. The existence of groups at the bottom or top of the social\r\n\thierarchy is interpreted as the natural outcome of an inferior or superior biological makeup and not the result of social influences. Racists reject social integration because they believe the mixing of groups would result in the degeneration of the\r\n\tsuperior group.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>If biological differences are not easily discernible, racists invent biological differences (for example\u00a0\u2014\u00a0size of nose or colour of eyes). Racism does not exist because of the presence of objective, physical differences among humans, but rather\r\n\tthe social recognition of and the importance attached to such differences.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Racist ideology is based upon three false assumptions: That biological differences are equal to cultural differences; that biological makeup determines the cultural achievements of a group; and that biological makeup limits the type of culture a group\r\n\tcan develop. Research shows these assumptions are wrong and largely based on the untenable position that biology is the single cause for everything. Evidence showing that differences within groups are greater than differences between groups, and that\r\n\tsocial factors have an impact on behaviour, argue strongly against racist beliefs.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Institutional Racism<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>In the 1960s, the concept of racism was usually applied to the treatment of individuals and the belief that one individual was racially inferior. The term has since broadened to include institutional racism\u00a0\u2014\u00a0describing political, economic and\r\n\tsocial institutions that operate to the detriment of a specific individual or group. Cultural racism is based on the supposed incompatibility of cultural traditions rather than ideas of innate biological superiority.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Racism can also be reflected in the ways that social institutions operate, by denying groups of people fair and equitable treatment. In this case we talk about structure and power, otherwise known as institutional racism. This includes the power to establish\r\n\twhat is normal, necessary and desirable and reinforces superiority or preferences for one group over another.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Examples of institutional racism in Canada's history are evident in its restrictive immigration policies and in policies against Indigenous peoples and non-white immigrants, particularly Asians,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">Black<\/a>\tpeople,\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Jews<\/a>. Institutional racism also exists when policies or programs seem racially neutral, but either intentionally or unintentionally put minority group\r\n\tmembers at a disadvantage. As an example, in certain provinces the process for selecting citizens for jury duty results in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">Indigenous people<\/a>\u00a0rarely being selected.\r\n\tThese dimensions of racism reveal that power, and individuals in positions of power, can create or perpetuate racial policies or practises.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Some of the most intense racist policies have been directed at Indigenous peoples. Until 1960, Indigenous adults could not\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">vote in federal elections<\/a>\u00a0unless they first\r\n\trenounced their\u00a0<em>Indian Act<\/em>\u00a0status and gave up treaty rights.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1880, the Canadian government began sponsoring\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/residential-schools\/\">residential schools<\/a>\u00a0designed to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture. From the 1930s\r\n\tto the 1990s, institutions across the country were dedicated to assimilating Indigenous children into the dominant culture. Many children were taken from their parents and subjected to humiliating abuse, scientific experiments and poor living conditions.\r\n\tIndigenous culture was routinely insulted, and many students were beaten if they spoke their own language.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e2fc5e7b-a9d8-44b1-9ad2-d3eb4b918457.jpg\" title=\"\u00c9l\u00e8ves du pensionnat indien de Metlakatla\" alt=\"\u00c9l\u00e8ves du pensionnat indien de Metlakatla\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Indigenous women are murdered or go missing in Canada at much higher rates than non-Indigenous women\u00a0\u2014\u00a0a fact that many believe stems from the impact of racism. Indigenous women account for only 4.3 per cent of Canadian women, but 16 per cent\r\n\tof all homicide victims.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Black Canadians have faced higher scrutiny from police and reports show evidence of racial profiling. One study found that police described 33.6 per cent of drivers stopped in Toronto by police as Black, compared to about 8.1 per cent of the total population\r\n\tbeing Black.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Fighting Racism<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Over the past quarter-century, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">provincial<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\/\">federal governments<\/a>\u00a0have\r\n\timplemented laws to combat racism. While blatant racist ideology is uncommon (<em>see<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">Ku Klux Klan<\/a>), examples of racist beliefs are still evident. Today, racism and\r\n\tdiscrimination are more commonly experienced by visible minorities.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Canada has federal and provincial laws to protect individuals, groups, and cultural expressions. However, forms of racism and discrimination persist. The\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-human-rights-act\">Canadian\u00a0Human Rights Act<\/a><\/em>\u00a0makes\r\n\tit discriminatory to communicate hatred. The <em>Act<\/em> protects Canadians from public statements that promote hatred, or incite hate against an identifiable group based on their ethnicity and\/or skin colour.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\"><em>Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms<\/em><\/a>\u00a0specifically addresses the constitutional rights that are necessary in a democratic\r\n\tsociety, and all Canadian law must be consistent with the Charter. The equality of all Canadians is protected under the Charter. The Charter also protects certain rights guaranteed to Indigenous peoples, and it affirms Canada's <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">multicultural<\/a>\theritage.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31f862c0-7a65-41c2-a522-44c57858f583.jpg\" title=\"La Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s\" alt=\"La Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>The Canadian<em>\u00a0Human Rights Act<\/em>\u00a0prohibits discrimination based on individual characteristics including race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation or marital status. The\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-multiculturalism-act\">Canadian Multiculturalism Act<\/a><\/em>\u00a0protects\r\n\tgroups from cultural discrimination and is a commitment to new Canadians that they may retain aspects of their culture in Canada. Other key pieces of legislation include the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/criminal-code\/\"><em>Criminal Code<\/em><\/a>\u00a0of\r\n\tCanada (which prohibits the promotion of hatred and hate propaganda), and the\u00a0<em>Employment Equity Act<\/em>, which protects against discriminatory hiring practices that disadvantage women, Indigenous peoples, individuals with disabilities, and\r\n\tmembers of visible minorities.<\/p>","slug":"racism","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"en","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2021-01-18T21:31:48.000000Z"},{"id":"9e243bc7-6999-4bb9-957d-de5d7fb0350c","article_id":"79448","title":"Racism [Racismo]","summary":"<p>El racismo es la creencia de que los seres humanos pueden dividirse en una jerarqu\u00eda de poder sobre la base de sus diferencias de raza y etnia. Algunos grupos se consideran superiores a otros \u00fanicamente por sus caracter\u00edsticas raciales o \u00e9tnicas. El racismo se \r\n expresa con frecuencia a trav\u00e9s del <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">prejuicio y la discriminaci\u00f3n<\/a>. La creencia puede manifestarse a trav\u00e9s de individuos, pero tambi\u00e9n a trav\u00e9s de sociedades e instituciones.<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/876dbb1e-74e3-4cfe-b961-a6d31d296fd6.jpg\" title=\"Canadian Illustrated News, 26 de abril de 1879\" alt=\"Canadian Illustrated News, 26 de abril de 1879\"><\/div>\r\n<h3>Racismo temprano<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Si bien la xenofobia \u2014o el miedo a quienes son diferentes a nosotros\u2014 ha sido parte de las culturas humanas durante mucho tiempo, el concepto de raza apareci\u00f3 por primera vez en el idioma ingl\u00e9s alrededor del siglo XVII. Los norteamericanos comenzaron a usar el t\u00e9rmino en sus escritos \r\n cient\u00edficos a fines del siglo XVIII. El racismo comenz\u00f3 a ser estudiado por los cient\u00edficos en el siglo XIX. El racismo se utiliz\u00f3 para intentar explicar los conflictos pol\u00edticos y econ\u00f3micos, as\u00ed como para justificar el colonialismo y el imperialismo europeos en todo el mundo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>A mediados del siglo XIX, muchos racistas cre\u00edan que la poblaci\u00f3n mundial pod\u00eda dividirse en una variedad de razas: grupos de personas que compart\u00edan atributos f\u00edsicos similares, como el color de la piel y la textura del cabello. Este proceso de categorizaci\u00f3n racial se conoce \r\n como racializaci\u00f3n y es necesario para el surgimiento del racismo como ideolog\u00eda.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Creencias fundamentales<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>El racismo afirma que la especie humana puede dividirse en diferentes grupos biol\u00f3gicos que determinan el comportamiento, el \u00e9xito econ\u00f3mico y pol\u00edtico de los individuos de ese grupo. Esta creencia considera a las razas como subdivisiones naturales y fijas de la especie humana, \r\n cada una con sus caracter\u00edsticas culturales distintas y variables y su capacidad para el desarrollo de las civilizaciones. Por lo tanto, los racistas creen que los factores biol\u00f3gicos pueden usarse para explicar las variaciones sociales y culturales de los seres humanos. El racismo tambi\u00e9n incluye la \r\n creencia de que existe un orden jer\u00e1rquico natural de los grupos de personas para que las razas superiores puedan dominar a las inferiores.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>El pensamiento racista presupone que las diferencias entre los grupos son innatas y no est\u00e1n sujetas a cambios. Por lo tanto, se considera que la inteligencia, las actitudes y las creencias no se ven afectadas por el entorno o la historia de una persona. La existencia de grupos en la parte inferior o superior de la \r\n jerarqu\u00eda social se interpreta como el resultado natural de una estructura biol\u00f3gica inferior o superior y no como resultado de influencias sociales. Los racistas rechazan la integraci\u00f3n social porque creen que la mezcla de grupos provocar\u00eda la degeneraci\u00f3n del grupo \r\n superior.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Si las diferencias biol\u00f3gicas no son f\u00e1cilmente discernibles, los racistas inventan diferencias biol\u00f3gicas (por ejemplo, el tama\u00f1o de la nariz o el color de los ojos). El racismo no existe por la presencia de diferencias f\u00edsicas objetivas entre los seres humanos, sino por \r\n el reconocimiento social de esas diferencias y la importancia que se les da.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La ideolog\u00eda racista se basa en tres suposiciones falsas: que las diferencias biol\u00f3gicas son iguales a las diferencias culturales; que la composici\u00f3n biol\u00f3gica determina los logros culturales de un grupo; y que la composici\u00f3n biol\u00f3gica limita el tipo de cultura que un grupo \r\n puede desarrollar. Las investigaciones muestran que estas suposiciones son err\u00f3neas y se basan en gran medida en la posici\u00f3n insostenible de que la biolog\u00eda es la \u00fanica causa de todo. La evidencia que demuestra que las diferencias dentro de los grupos son mayores que las diferencias entre grupos, y que los factores \r\n sociales tienen un impacto en el comportamiento, son un s\u00f3lido argumento en contra de las creencias racistas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Racismo institucional<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>En la d\u00e9cada de 1960, el concepto de racismo se aplicaba generalmente al tratamiento de las personas y a la creencia de que una persona era racialmente inferior. Desde entonces, el t\u00e9rmino se ha ampliado para incluir el racismo institucional, que describe las instituciones pol\u00edticas, econ\u00f3micas y \r\n sociales que funcionan en detrimento de un individuo o grupo espec\u00edfico. El racismo cultural se basa en la supuesta incompatibilidad de las tradiciones culturales m\u00e1s que en ideas de superioridad biol\u00f3gica innata.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>El racismo tambi\u00e9n puede reflejarse en la forma en que funcionan las instituciones sociales, al negar a los grupos de personas un trato justo y equitativo. En este caso hablamos de estructura y poder, tambi\u00e9n conocido como racismo institucional. Esto incluye el poder de establecer \r\n lo que es normal, necesario y deseable y refuerza la superioridad o las preferencias de un grupo sobre otro.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Los ejemplos de racismo institucional en la historia de Canad\u00e1 son evidentes en sus pol\u00edticas de inmigraci\u00f3n restrictivas y en las pol\u00edticas contra los pueblos ind\u00edgenas y los inmigrantes no blancos, en particular los asi\u00e1ticos, los <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">negros<\/a> y los jud\u00edos.<\/a> El racismo institucional tambi\u00e9n existe cuando las pol\u00edticas o los programas parecen neutrales desde el punto de vista racial, pero intencional o involuntariamente ponen en desventaja a \r\n los miembros de grupos minoritarios. Por ejemplo, en ciertas provincias, el proceso de selecci\u00f3n de ciudadanos como jurados da como resultado que los <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">pueblos ind\u00edgenas<\/a> rara vez sean seleccionados. \r\nEstas dimensiones del racismo revelan que el poder y las personas en posiciones de poder pueden crear o perpetuar pol\u00edticas o pr\u00e1cticas raciales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Algunas de las pol\u00edticas racistas m\u00e1s intensas se han dirigido contra los pueblos ind\u00edgenas. Hasta 1960, los adultos ind\u00edgenas no pod\u00edan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">votar en las elecciones federales<\/a> a menos que primero \r\n renunciaran a su condici\u00f3n de <em>ley ind\u00edgena<\/em> y renunciaran a los derechos consagrados en los tratados.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>En 1880, el gobierno canadiense comenz\u00f3 a patrocinar <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/residential-schools\/\">internados<\/a> dise\u00f1ados para asimilar a los ni\u00f1os ind\u00edgenas a la cultura eurocanadiense. Desde la d\u00e9cada de 1930 \r\n hasta la d\u00e9cada de 1990, las instituciones de todo el pa\u00eds se dedicaron a asimilar a los ni\u00f1os ind\u00edgenas a la cultura dominante. Muchos ni\u00f1os fueron separados de sus padres y sometidos a abusos humillantes, experimentos cient\u00edficos y malas condiciones de vida. \r\nLa cultura ind\u00edgena era insultada de forma rutinaria y muchos estudiantes eran golpeados si hablaban su propio idioma.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e2fc5e7b-a9d8-44b1-9ad2-d3eb4b918457.jpg\" title=\"\u00c9l\u00e8ves du pensionnat indien de Metlakatla\" alt=\"\u00c9l\u00e8ves du pensionnat indien de Metlakatla\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Las mujeres ind\u00edgenas son asesinadas o desaparecen en Canad\u00e1 a tasas mucho m\u00e1s altas que las mujeres no ind\u00edgenas, un hecho que muchos creen que se debe al impacto del racismo. Las mujeres ind\u00edgenas representan solo el 4,3 por ciento de las mujeres canadienses, pero representan el 16 por ciento \r\n de todas las v\u00edctimas de homicidio.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Los canadienses negros se han enfrentado a un mayor escrutinio por parte de la polic\u00eda y los informes muestran pruebas de discriminaci\u00f3n racial. Seg\u00fan un estudio, la polic\u00eda describi\u00f3 que el 33,6 por ciento de los conductores detenidos por la polic\u00eda en Toronto eran negros, en comparaci\u00f3n con alrededor del 8,1 por ciento de la poblaci\u00f3n \r\n total.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Luchar contra el racismo<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Durante el \u00faltimo cuarto de siglo, los <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\/\">gobiernos <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">provinciales<\/a> y federales<\/a> han \r\n implementado leyes para combatir el racismo. Si bien la ideolog\u00eda racista descarada es poco com\u00fan (<em>v\u00e9ase<\/em> el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">Ku Klux Klan<\/a>), los ejemplos de creencias racistas siguen siendo evidentes. Hoy en d\u00eda, las minor\u00edas visibles sufren con m\u00e1s frecuencia el racismo y la \r\n discriminaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Canad\u00e1 tiene leyes federales y provinciales para proteger a las personas, los grupos y las expresiones culturales. Sin embargo, persisten formas de racismo y discriminaci\u00f3n. La <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-human-rights-act\">Ley de Derechos Humanos de Canad\u00e1<\/a><\/em> establece que \r\n es discriminatorio comunicar el odio. La <em>ley<\/em> protege a los canadienses de las declaraciones p\u00fablicas que promuevan el odio o inciten al odio contra un grupo identificable por su origen \u00e9tnico o color de piel.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>La <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\"><em>Carta de Derechos y Libertades del Canad\u00e1<\/em><\/a> aborda espec\u00edficamente los derechos constitucionales que son necesarios en una \r\n sociedad democr\u00e1tica, y toda la legislaci\u00f3n canadiense debe ser compatible con la Carta. La igualdad de todos los canadienses est\u00e1 protegida por la Carta. La Carta tambi\u00e9n protege ciertos derechos garantizados a los pueblos ind\u00edgenas y afirma el patrimonio <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">multicultural<\/a> de Canad\u00e1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31f862c0-7a65-41c2-a522-44c57858f583.jpg\" title=\"La Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s\" alt=\"La Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>La <em>Ley de Derechos Humanos<\/em> del Canad\u00e1 proh\u00edbe la discriminaci\u00f3n basada en caracter\u00edsticas individuales como la raza, el origen nacional o \u00e9tnico, el color, la religi\u00f3n, la edad, el g\u00e9nero, la orientaci\u00f3n sexual o el estado civil. La <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-multiculturalism-act\">Ley de multiculturalismo canadiense<\/a><\/em> protege a \r\n los grupos de la discriminaci\u00f3n cultural y supone un compromiso con los nuevos canadienses para que puedan conservar aspectos de su cultura en Canad\u00e1. Otras leyes clave son el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/criminal-code\/\"><em>C\u00f3digo Penal<\/em><\/a> de \r\n Canad\u00e1 (que proh\u00edbe la promoci\u00f3n del odio y la propaganda del odio) y la <em>Ley de equidad en el empleo<\/em>, que protege contra las pr\u00e1cticas de contrataci\u00f3n discriminatorias que perjudican a las mujeres, los pueblos ind\u00edgenas, las personas con discapacidades y los \r\n miembros de minor\u00edas visibles.<\/p>","slug":"raciesmo","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"es","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-02-05T19:43:09.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-02-05T19:43:09.000000Z"},{"id":"d5734879-88d0-46fe-bec7-ddadf6c0f630","article_id":"79448","title":"Racisme","summary":"Le racisme est une croyance selon laquelle les humains peuvent \u00eatre divis\u00e9s suivant une hi\u00e9rarchie du pouvoir en fonction de leurs diff\u00e9rences de race et d\u2019ethnicit\u00e9. Ainsi, certains groupes sont vus comme sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 d\u2019autres uniquement en raison de caract\u00e9ristiques raciales ou ethniques. Le racisme est souvent exprim\u00e9 sous forme de <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s ou de discrimination<\/a>. Cette croyance peut \u00eatre manifest\u00e9e par des individus, mais aussi par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s ou des institutions.","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/876dbb1e-74e3-4cfe-b961-a6d31d296fd6.jpg\" title=\"Canadian Illustrated News, 26 April 1879\" alt=\"Canadian Illustrated News, 26 April 1879\"><\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>D\u00e9but du racisme<\/h3>\r\n<p>Alors que la x\u00e9nophobie, la peur \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de personnes qui ne nous ressemblent pas, a pendant longtemps constitu\u00e9 un \u00e9l\u00e9ment des cultures humaines, le concept de \u00ab race \u00bb appara\u00eet dans la langue anglaise vers le 17<sup>e\u00a0<\/sup>si\u00e8cle. Les Nord-Am\u00e9ricains\r\n\tadoptent ce terme dans leurs \u00e9crits scientifiques vers la fin du 18<sup>e\u00a0<\/sup>si\u00e8cle. Les scientifiques du 19<sup>e\u00a0<\/sup>si\u00e8cle entreprennent d\u2019\u00e9tudier le racisme. On tente alors de s\u2019en servir pour tenter d\u2019expliquer les conflits politiques\r\n\tet \u00e9conomiques ainsi que pour justifier le colonialisme et l\u2019imp\u00e9rialisme europ\u00e9ens de par le monde.<\/p>\r\n<p>Vers le milieu du 19<sup>e\u00a0<\/sup>si\u00e8cle, plusieurs racistes s\u2019entendent sur le fait qu\u2019on peut r\u00e9partir la population du monde entre une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de races constitu\u00e9es de groupes humains partageant des attributs ph\u00e9notypiques similaires, tels que la\r\n\tcouleur de la peau et la texture des cheveux. Ce processus consistant \u00e0 cataloguer les races, nomm\u00e9 \u00ab racialisation \u00bb, est un pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence du racisme comme id\u00e9ologie.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Croyances fondamentales<\/h3>\r\n<p>Le racisme pr\u00e9tend diviser l\u2019esp\u00e8ce humaine en un certain nombre de groupes biologiques diff\u00e9rents. Ces groupes d\u00e9terminent les comportements et les succ\u00e8s des individus qui en font partie. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une croyance qui per\u00e7oit les races comme des subdivisions\r\n\tnaturelles et immuables de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce humaine, chacune ayant ses caract\u00e9ristiques culturelles et son potentiel distinct et variable pour cr\u00e9er et faire \u00e9voluer sa civilisation respective. C\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que les attributs biologiques peuvent servir \u00e0 expliquer\r\n\tla diversit\u00e9 sociale et culturelle de l\u2019humanit\u00e9. Fait aussi partie de cette id\u00e9ologie la croyance en un ordonnancement naturel et hi\u00e9rarchique des groupes humains, qui permet aux races sup\u00e9rieures de dominer les autres.<\/p>\r\n<p>La pens\u00e9e raciste tient pour acquis que les diff\u00e9rences entre groupes sont inn\u00e9es et immuables. Selon elle, l\u2019environnement n\u2019influence donc pas l\u2019intelligence, les attitudes et les croyances. Elle interpr\u00e8te l\u2019existence de groupes au bas et au sommet\r\n\tde la hi\u00e9rarchie sociale, qui sont le r\u00e9sultat de diff\u00e9rences qualitatives dans leur constitution biologique naturelle, et non comme le produit des influences de leur milieu social. Les racistes s\u2019opposent \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9gration sociale en affirmant qu\u2019elle\r\n\tprovoquerait la d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence du groupe sup\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\r\n<p>Si les diff\u00e9rences biologiques ne peuvent pas \u00eatre perceptibles aussi facilement, les racistes inventent des diff\u00e9rences biologiques, par exemple la taille du nez ou la couleur des yeux. Le racisme n\u2019existe pas en raison de la pr\u00e9sence de diff\u00e9rences\r\n\tphysiques objectives parmi l\u2019humain, mais plut\u00f4t en raison de la reconnaissance sociale et de l\u2019importance accord\u00e9e \u00e0 de telles diff\u00e9rences.<\/p>\r\n<p>L\u2019id\u00e9ologie raciste repose sur trois suppositions erron\u00e9es. Premi\u00e8rement, les diff\u00e9rences biologiques vont de pair avec des diff\u00e9rences culturelles. Deuxi\u00e8mement, la constitution biologique pr\u00e9d\u00e9termine les r\u00e9alisations culturelles d\u2019un groupe. Troisi\u00e8mement,\r\n\tla constitution biologique limite le niveau de d\u00e9veloppement culturel qu\u2019un groupe peut atteindre. Les recherches montrent le caract\u00e8re erron\u00e9 de ces suppositions, qui reposent en bonne partie sur la th\u00e8se insoutenable voulant que la biologie soit responsable\r\n\tde tout. Les nombreux faits qui d\u00e9montrent l\u2019existence de diff\u00e9rences plus marqu\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des groupes qu\u2019entre eux et l\u2019impact des facteurs sociaux sur les comportements \u00e9branlent s\u00e9rieusement les croyances racistes. Pour tout dire, si le terme\r\n\t\u00ab race \u00bb s\u2019emploie dans le langage courant, surtout pour d\u00e9signer les diff\u00e9rentes couleurs de la peau, il n\u2019est gu\u00e8re utile sur le plan biologique.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Racisme institutionnel<\/h3>\r\n<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es 1960, l\u2019application du concept de racisme concerne le traitement d\u2019individus et la croyance qu\u2019un individu est inf\u00e9rieur en raison de sa race. Avec le temps, le terme prend de l\u2019ampleur pour inclure le racisme institutionnel, lorsque les\r\n\tinstitutions politiques, \u00e9conomiques et sociales fonctionnent au d\u00e9triment d\u2019un individu ou d\u2019un groupe. Le racisme culturel repose sur une pr\u00e9tendue incompatibilit\u00e9 entre des traditions culturelles plut\u00f4t que sur des id\u00e9es de sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 biologique\r\n\tinn\u00e9e.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>Le racisme peut aussi se refl\u00e9ter dans les fa\u00e7ons que les institutions sociales fonctionnent, en niant \u00e0 certains groupes d\u2019individus un traitement juste et \u00e9quitable. Dans ce cas, on parle de \u00ab structures de pouvoirs \u00bb, autrement nomm\u00e9es \u00ab racisme institutionnel\r\n\t\u00bb. Ceci comprend l\u2019autorit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tablir ce qui est normal, n\u00e9cessaire et souhaitable pour favoriser la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 ou les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences d\u2019un groupe par rapport \u00e0 un autre.<\/p>\r\n<p>De nombreux exemples de formes de racisme institutionnel se voient dans l\u2019histoire du Canada, notamment des politiques d\u2019immigration restrictives et des politiques contre les peuples autochtones et les immigrants non blancs, en particulier les Asiatiques,\r\n\tles\u00a0\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/black-canadians\/\">personnes noires<\/a> et les\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Juifs<\/a>. Le racisme institutionnel se manifeste dans les politiques\r\n\tou les programmes en apparence neutres sur le plan racial, mais, intentionnellement ou non, d\u00e9savantageant un groupe minoritaire. Par exemple, dans certaines provinces, le processus de s\u00e9lection des citoyens pour servir comme jur\u00e9s a eu comme cons\u00e9quence\r\n\tque peu d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">Autochtones<\/a> \u00e9taient choisis. Ces aspects du racisme d\u00e9montrent que l\u2019\u00c9tat et les individus dans des postes d\u2019autorit\u00e9 peuvent cr\u00e9er ou perp\u00e9tuer des politiques\r\n\tou des pratiques raciales.<\/p>\r\n<p>Certaines des politiques les plus racistes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dirig\u00e9es envers les peuples autochtones. Jusqu\u2019en 1960, les adultes autochtones ne pouvaient pas\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/franchise\/\">voter lors des \u00e9lections f\u00e9d\u00e9rales<\/a>,\r\n\t\u00e0 moins qu\u2019ils renoncent \u00e0 leur statut inscrit sous la\u00a0<i>Loi sur les Indiens\u00a0<\/i>et renoncent \u00e0 leurs droits issus des trait\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n<p>En 1880, le gouvernement du Canada a entrepris de financer des\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/residential-schools\/\">pensionnats<\/a> con\u00e7us pour int\u00e9grer les enfants autochtones dans la culture eurocanadienne. Entre les\r\n\tann\u00e9es 1930 et 1990, des \u00e9coles religieuses \u00e0 travers le Canada \u00e9taient consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019assimilation des enfants autochtones dans la culture dominante. Plusieurs enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s de leurs parents, et soumis \u00e0 des abus humiliants, \u00e0 des exp\u00e9riences\r\n\tscientifiques et \u00e0 de mauvaises conditions de vie. La culture autochtone \u00e9tait r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement d\u00e9nigr\u00e9e, et plusieurs enfants \u00e9taient battus s\u2019ils parlaient leur langue.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e2fc5e7b-a9d8-44b1-9ad2-d3eb4b918457.jpg\" title=\"\u00c9l\u00e8ves du pensionnat indien de Metlakatla\" alt=\"\u00c9l\u00e8ves du pensionnat indien de Metlakatla\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Le taux de meurtres et de disparitions de femmes autochtones au Canada est beaucoup plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que chez les femmes non autochtones, un fait qui d\u00e9coule des cons\u00e9quences du racisme, selon plusieurs. Les femmes autochtones repr\u00e9sentent seulement 4,3 % des\r\n\tfemmes canadiennes, mais repr\u00e9sentent 16 % de toutes les victimes d\u2019homicide.<\/p>\r\n<p>Les Canadiens de race noire font l\u2019objet d\u2019une surveillance polici\u00e8re accrue, et les \u00e9tudes t\u00e9moignent de l\u2019existence du profilage racial. Une \u00e9tude a \u00e9tabli que les policiers constatent que 33,6 % des conducteurs arr\u00eat\u00e9s par les policiers de Toronto\r\n\t\u00e9taient de race noire, en comparaison avec les 8,1 % de la population totale de race noire.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Lutte contre le racisme<\/h3>\r\n<p>Pendant le dernier quart de si\u00e8cle, le\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/federal-government\/\">gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral<\/a> et\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/provincial-government\/\">ceux des provinces<\/a>\tont \u00e9dict\u00e9 des lois pour combattre le racisme. Alors que l\u2019id\u00e9ologie grossi\u00e8rement raciste est rare (<i>voir\u00a0<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">Ku Klux Klan<\/a>), des exemples de croyances racistes sont\r\n\tencore apparents. Aujourd\u2019hui, le racisme et la discrimination sont plus fr\u00e9quemment v\u00e9cus par les minorit\u00e9s visibles.<\/p>\r\n<p>Le Canada et les provinces ont adopt\u00e9 des lois pour prot\u00e9ger les individus, les groupes et leurs expressions culturelles. Toutefois, des formes de racisme et de discrimination persistent. La\u00a0<i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadian-human-rights-act\">Loi canadienne sur les droits de la personne<\/a> <\/i>\u00a0prohibe\r\n\tla communication haineuse. La loi prot\u00e8ge les Canadiens contre tout discours qui fait la promotion de la haine, incite \u00e0 la haine contre un groupe identifiable bas\u00e9 sur son ethnicit\u00e9 ou la couleur de sa peau. <\/p>\r\n<p>La\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\"><i>Charte canadienne des droits et des libert\u00e9s<\/i> <\/a> \u00e9nonce les droits constitutionnels essentiels dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique et pr\u00e9cise\r\n\tque toute loi canadienne doit \u00eatre conforme avec la Charte. L\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre tous les Canadiens est prot\u00e9g\u00e9e sous la Charte, et celle-ci assure la garantie de certains droits aux peuples autochtones et affirme l\u2019h\u00e9ritage <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/multiculturalism\">multiculturel<\/a>\tCanada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31f862c0-7a65-41c2-a522-44c57858f583.jpg\" title=\"La Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s\" alt=\"La Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s\"><\/div>\r\n \r\n<p>La\u00a0<i>Loi canadienne sur les droits de la personne\u00a0<\/i>prot\u00e8ge les individus contre la discrimination bas\u00e9e sur des caract\u00e9ristiques personnelles, y compris la race, l\u2019origine nationale ou ethnique, la couleur, la religion, l\u2019\u00e2ge, le sexe, l\u2019orientation\r\n\tsexuelle et le statut matrimonial. La\u00a0<i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/multiculturalism\/\">Loi sur le multiculturalisme canadien<\/a>\u00a0<\/i>prot\u00e8ge les groupes contre la discrimination culturelle et affirme l\u2019engagement\r\n\tenvers les nouveaux Canadiens qu\u2019ils peuvent pr\u00e9server certains aspects de leur culture au Canada. D\u2019autres dispositions l\u00e9gislatives importantes se trouvent dans le\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/criminal-code\/\"><i>Code criminel<\/i> <\/a>\tdu Canada, qui interdit la promotion de la haine et l\u2019incitation \u00e0 la propagande haineuse, la\u00a0<i>Loi sur l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d\u2019emploi<\/i>, qui vise \u00e0 assurer un traitement \u00e9quitable dans les pratiques d\u2019embauche des femmes, des Autochtones, des\r\n\tpersonnes ayant des handicaps et des membres des minorit\u00e9s visibles.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/p>","slug":"racisme","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"fr","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2021-01-18T21:31:48.000000Z"},{"id":"9e243a00-8ac2-428b-b732-8cd29e3178fd","article_id":"79448","title":"Racism [Rasismo]","summary":"<p>Ang rasismo ay isang paniniwala na ang mga tao ay maaaring nahahati sa isang hierarki ng kapangyarihan batay sa kanilang mga pagkakaiba sa lahi at etniko. Sa ilang mga grupo na nakikita bilang higit sa iba sa batayan lamang ng kanilang lahi o etniko na katangian. Ang rasismo ay madalas na \r\n ipinahay <a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">ag sa pamamagitan ng paghihi<\/a> hirap Ang paniniwala ay maaaring ipakita sa pamamagitan ng mga indibidwal, ngunit sa pamamagitan din ng mga lipunan at institusyon.<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/876dbb1e-74e3-4cfe-b961-a6d31d296fd6.jpg\" title=\"Balitang Ilustrated ng Canada, 26 Abril 1879\" alt=\"Balitang Ilustrated ng Canada, 26 Abril 1879\"><\/div>\r\n<h3>Maagang Rasismo<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Habang ang xenophobia \u2014 o takot sa mga hindi katulad sa atin \u2014 ay matagal nang bahagi ng mga kultura ng tao, ang konsepto ng lahi ay unang lumitaw sa wikang Ingles noong ika-17 siglo. Nagsimulang gamitin ng mga Hilagang Amerikano ang termino sa kanilang mga siyentipikong sul \r\n at noong huling bahagi ng ika-18 siglo. Ang rasismo ay nagsimulang pag-aralan ng mga siyentipiko noong ika-19 na siglo. Nasanay ang rasismo sa isang pagtatangka na ipaliwanag ang mga salungatan sa politika at pang-ekonomiya pati na rin upang bigyang-katwiran ang kolonyalismo at imperyalismo ng Europa sa buong mundo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sa kalagitnaan ng ika-19 na siglo, maraming rasista ang naniniwala na ang populasyon ng mundo ay maaaring nahahati sa iba&#39;t ibang mga lahi: mga pangkat ng mga tao na nagbabahagi ng katulad na pisikal na katangian, tulad ng kulay ng balat at pagkakayari ng buhok. Ang prosesong ito ng kategorisasyon ng lahi ay tinutuko \r\n y bilang rasisasyon at kinakailangan para sa paglitaw ng rasismo bilang isang ideolohiya.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Pangunahing Paniniwala<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Sinasabi ng rasismo na ang species ng tao ay maaaring nahahati sa iba&#39;t ibang mga pangkat na biyolohikal na tumutukoy sa pag-uugali, pang-ekonomiya, at pampulitika na tagumpay ng mga indibidwal Ang paniniwala na ito ay tinitingnan ang mga lahi bilang natural at nakapirming mga subdivisiyon ng species ng tao, \r\n bawat isa ay may natatanging at variable nitong katangian ng kultura at kapasidad para sa pag-unlad ng mga sibilisasyon Kaya, naniniwala ang mga racista na ang mga biolohikal na salik ay maaaring magamit upang ipaliwanag ang mga pagkakaiba-iba sa lipunan at kultura ng mga tao. Kasama rin sa rasismo ang pan \r\n iniwala na mayroong isang likas na hierarhikal na pagkakasunud-sunod ng mga pangkat ng mga tao upang ang mga higit na lahi ay maaaring dominahan ang mga mas mababang<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang pag-iisip ng rasista ay ipinapalagay na ang mga pagkakaiba sa mga grupo ay likas na at hindi napapailalim Kaya, ang katalinuhan, saloobin at paniniwala ay tinitingnan bilang hindi apektado ng kapaligiran o kasaysayan ng isang tao. Ang pagkakaroon ng mga grupo sa ibaba o tuktok ng \r\n hierarchiyang panlipunan ay binibigyang kahulugan bilang likas na kinalabasan ng isang mas mababa o higit na pampaganda na biyolohikal at hindi resulta ng mga impluwensyang panlipunan. Tinatanggihan ng mga rasista ang pagsasama sa lipunan dahil naniniwala sila na ang paghahalo ng mga grupo ay magresulta sa pagkasira ng higit na \r\n pangkat.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kung hindi madaling makikita ang mga pagkakaiba na biyolohikal, nag-imbento ng mga rasista ang mga pagkakaiba-iba na biyolohikal (halimbawa \u2014 laki ng ilong o kulay ng mga mata). Hindi umiiral ang rasismo dahil sa pagkakaroon ng layunin, pisikal na pagkakaiba sa mga tao, kundi sa hali \r\n p ang pagkilala sa lipunan at ang kahalagahan na nakakabit sa naturang pagkakaiba.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang ideolohiyang rasista ay batay sa tatlong maling pagpapalagay: Na ang mga biolohikal na pagkakaiba ay katumbas ng mga pagkakaiba sa kultura; ang biyolohikal na pampaganda ay tumutukoy sa mga nakamit sa kultura ng isang grupo; at nililimitahan ng biyolohikal na pampaganda ang uri ng kultura na \r\n maaaring mabuo Ipinapakita ng pananaliksik ang mga pagpapalagay na ito ay mali at higit sa lahat batay sa hindi mapapanatili na posisyon na ang biyolohiya ang solong sanhi para sa lahat. Ang katibayan na nagpapakita na ang mga pagkakaiba sa loob ng mga grupo ay mas malaki kaysa sa mga pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng mga grupo, at na ang mga kadahilanan sa lipunan ay may epekto sa pag-uugali, \r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Rasismo sa Institusyon<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Noong 1960, ang konsepto ng rasismo ay karaniwang inilalapat sa paggamot ng mga indibidwal at sa paniniwala na ang isang indibidwal ay mas mababa sa lahi. Ang termino mula noon ay lumawak upang isama ang rasismo sa institusyon - naglalarawan ng mga institusyong pampulitika, pang-ekonomiya at panlipunan na nagpapatakbo sa pinsala sa isang partikular na indibidwal o grupo. \r\n Ang rasismo sa kultura ay batay sa inaasahang hindi pagkakatugma ng mga tradisyong pangkultura sa halip na mga ideya ng likas na kalidad na biyolohik<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Maaari ring makikita ang rasismo sa mga paraan ng pagpapatakbo ng mga institusyong panlipunan, sa pamamagitan ng pagtanggi ng mga grupo ng mga tao na patas at pantas na paggamot. Sa kasong ito pinag-uusapan natin ang tungkol sa istraktura at kapangyarihan, na kilala bilang rasismo sa institusyon. Kabilang dito ang kapangyarihan upang maitaguyod \r\n kung ano ang normal, kinakailangan at kanais-nais at pinatitibay ang kahusayan o kagustuhan para sa isang grupo kaysa sa isa pa<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Ang mga halimbawa ng rasismo sa institusyon sa kasaysayan ng Canada ay malinaw sa mga mahigpit nitong patakaran sa imigrasyon at sa mga patakaran laban sa mga katutubong tao at hindi puti na imigrante, partikular na ang mga Asyano, mga I <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">tim<\/a>, at<\/a> Mayroon ding rasismo sa institusyon kapag ang mga patakaran o programa ay tila neutral sa lahi, ngunit sinasadya o hindi sinasadyang inilalagay ang mga \r\n miyembro ng pangkat ng minorya sa kawalan. Bilang halimbawa, sa ilang mga lalawigan ang proseso ng pagpili ng mga mamamayan para sa tungkulin ng hurado ay nagreresulta sa mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">katutubong tao<\/a> na bihirang mapili. \r\nAng mga sukat na ito ng rasismo ay nagpapahayag na ang kapangyarihan, at mga indibidwal na nasa posisyon ng kapangyarihan, ay maaaring lumikha o pagpapatuloy ng mga patakaran<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang ilan sa mga pinaka-matinding patakaran sa rasista ay nakadirekta sa mga katutubong tao. Hanggang 1960, hindi maaaring bumoto ang mga kat <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">utubong matatanda sa mga pederal na halalan maliban<\/a> kung una nilang tinang \r\n gihan ang kanilang katayuan sa <em>Indian Act<\/em> at sumuko ang mga karapatan sa kasunduan.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Noong 1880, sinimulan ng gobyerno ng Canada ang pag-sponsor ng mga paaralan ng tira <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/residential-schools\/\">han na idinis<\/a> enyo upang maisama ang mga katutubong bata sa kulturang Euro-Canadian Mula noong 1930 \r\n hanggang dekada 1990, ang mga institusyon sa buong bansa ay nakatuon sa pagsasama ng mga katutubong bata sa nangingibabaw na kultura. Maraming mga bata ang kinuha mula sa kanilang mga magulang at napailalim sa nakakahiyang pang-aabuso, mga pang-agham na eksperimento at hindi magandang kondisyon ng pam \r\nKaraniwang ininsulto ang katutubong kultura, at maraming mga estudyante ang tinalo kung nagsasalita sila ng kanilang sariling wika.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e2fc5e7b-a9d8-44b1-9ad2-d3eb4b918457.jpg\" title=\"Mga Eleven ng Pensiyon sa India ng Metlakatla\" alt=\"Mga Eleven ng Pensiyon sa India ng Metlakatla\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang mga katutubong kababaihan ay pinatay o nawawala sa Canada sa mas mataas na rate kaysa sa mga hindi katutubong kababaihan - isang katotohanan na pinaniniwalaan ng marami ay nagmumula sa epekto ng Ang mga katutubong kababaihan ay bumubuo lamang ng 4.3 porsyento ng mga kababaihan sa Canada, ngunit 16 porsyento ng \r\n lahat ng mga biktima ng pagpatay.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang mga itim na Canadian ay nahaharap sa mas mataas na pagsusuri mula sa pulisya at nagpapakita ng mga ulat ang katibayan ng profiling lahi Natuklasan ng isang pag-aaral na inilarawan ng pulisya ang 33.6 porsyento ng mga driver na tumigil sa Toronto ng mga pulisya bilang Itim, kumpara sa halos 8.1 porsyento ng kabuuang populasyon ay \r\n Itim.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Paglaban sa Rasismo<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Sa nakaraang quarter siglo, ang mga pamahalaan ng lalawigan at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">peder<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\/\">al ay nagpatupad ng<\/a> mga bat \r\n as upang labanan ang rasismo. Bagama&#39;t hindi pangkaraniwan ang malinaw na ideolohiya ng rasista (<em>tingnan<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">sa Ku Klux Klan), maliwanag pa<\/a> rin ang mga halimbawa ng mga paniniwala sa rasista. Ngayon, ang rasismo at \r\n diskriminasyon ay mas karaniwang naranasan ng mga nakikitang minorya.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ang Canada ay may mga batas ng pederal at lalawigan upang maprotektahan ang mga indibidwal, grupo, at pagpapahayag Gayunpaman, patuloy ang mga anyo ng rasismo at diskriminasyon. Ang <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-human-rights-act\">Canadian Human Rights Act ay gin<\/a><\/em> agawang diskrimin \r\n asyon upang maipahayag ang poot. Pinoprote <em>ktahan ng<\/em> Batas ang mga Canadian mula sa mga pampublikong pahayag na nagtataguyod ng poot, o nagpapahiwatig ng poot laban sa isang makikilalang grupo batay sa kanilang etnidad at\/o kulay<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Partikular na tinutukoy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\"><em>ng Canadian Charter of Rights at Kalayaan ang mga karapatang konstitusyon na kin<\/em><\/a> akailangan sa isang \r\n demokratikong lipunan, at lahat ng batas ng Canada ay dapat na naaayon sa Charter. Ang pagkakapantay-pantay ng lahat ng mga Canadian ay protektado sa ilalim ng Charter. Pinoprotektahan din ng Charter ang ilang mga karapatang ginagarantiyahan sa mga katutubong tao, at pinatunayan nito ang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">multikultural na pamana<\/a> ng Canada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31f862c0-7a65-41c2-a522-44c57858f583.jpg\" title=\"Ang Canadian Chart ng mga Karapatan at Kalayaan\" alt=\"Ang Canadian Chart ng mga Karapatan at Kalayaan\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Ipinagbabawal ng Canadian <em>Human Rights Act<\/em> ang diskriminasyon batay sa mga indibidwal na katangian kabilang ang lahi, pambansa o etniko na pinagmulan, kulay, relihiyon, edad, kasarian, oryentasyon sekswal o katay Pinoprote <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-multiculturalism-act\">ktahan ng Canadian Multiculturalism Act<\/a><\/em> ang mga \r\n grupo mula sa diskriminasyon sa kultura at isang pangako sa mga bagong Canadian na maaari nilang mapanatili ang mga aspeto ng kanilang kultura sa Canada. Kabilang sa iba pang mga pangunahing batas ang Cri <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/criminal-code\/\"><em>minal Code<\/em><\/a> ng \r\n Canada (na nagbabawal sa pagsulong ng poot at poot propaganda), at ang Emplo <em>yment Equity Act<\/em>, na nagpoprotekta laban sa mga diskriminasyong kasanayan sa pag-upa na nakakaabala sa kababaihan, mga katutubong tao, indibidwal na may kapansanan, at mga \r\n miyembro ng nakikitang minorya<\/p>","slug":"rasismo","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"tl","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-02-05T19:38:11.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-02-05T19:38:11.000000Z"},{"id":"9e243c0e-5984-4eb2-a2ae-842e6e4ff112","article_id":"79448","title":"Racism [\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49]","summary":"<p>\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ec5\u56e0\u5176\u79cd\u65cf\u6216\u65cf\u88d4\u7279\u5f81\u800c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f18\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u4f53.\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e38\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7<a href=\"https:\/\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/prejudice-and-discrimination\">\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u6b67\u89c6<\/a>\u6765\r\n\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2a\u4eba\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u673a\u6784\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/876dbb1e-74e3-4cfe-b961-a6d31d296fd6.jpg\" title=\"\u300a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u753b\u62a5\u300b\uff0c1879 \u5e74 4 \u6708 26 \u65e5\" alt=\"\u300a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u753b\u62a5\u300b\uff0c1879 \u5e74 4 \u6708 26 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5236\u5ea6\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5176\u9650\u5236\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u53ca\u9488\u5bf9\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e9a\u88d4\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\u9ed1<\/a>\u4eba\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u3002<\/a>\u5f53\u653f\u7b56\u6216\u8ba1\u5212\u770b\u4f3c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e2d\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u610f\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u5730\u4f7f\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\r\n\u6210\u5458\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5229\u5730\u4f4d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7701\u4efd\uff0c\u7504\u9009\u516c\u6c11\u62c5\u4efb\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bfc\u81f4<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">\u571f\u8457\u4eba<\/a>\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u3002\r\n\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u9762\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u638c\u6743\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u6216\u5ef6\u7eed\u79cd\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u6216\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u3002\u76f4\u52301960\u5e74\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u571f\u8457\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u9996\u5148\u653e\u5f03\u5176<em>\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u6cd5\u300b<\/em>\u5730\u4f4d\u5e76\r\n\u653e\u5f03\u6761\u7ea6\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/franchise\/\">\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u6295\u7968<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>1880 \u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u8d5e\u52a9<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/residential-schools\/\">\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821<\/a>\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8ba9\u571f\u8457\u513f\u7ae5\u878d\u5165\u6b27\u52a0\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4ece1930\u5e74\u4ee3\r\n\u52301990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u673a\u6784\u90fd\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5c06\u571f\u8457\u513f\u7ae5\u878d\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u513f\u7ae5\u88ab\u4ece\u7236\u6bcd\u624b\u4e2d\u593a\u8d70\uff0c\u906d\u53d7\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6027\u8650\u5f85\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\r\n\u571f\u8457\u6587\u5316\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u4fae\u8fb1\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u751f\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5c31\u4f1a\u906d\u5230\u6bb4\u6253\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/e2fc5e7b-a9d8-44b1-9ad2-d3eb4b918457.jpg\" title=\"\u6765\u81ea\u6885\u7279\u62c9\u5361\u7279\u62c9\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u517b\u8001\u91d1\" alt=\"\u6765\u81ea\u6885\u7279\u62c9\u5361\u7279\u62c9\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u517b\u8001\u91d1\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u5987\u5973\u88ab\u8c0b\u6740\u6216\u5931\u8e2a\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u6bd4\u975e\u571f\u8457\u5987\u5973\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6e90\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u571f\u8457\u5987\u5973\u4ec5\u5360\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5987\u5973\u76844.3\uff05\uff0c\u4f46\u5360\u6240\u6709\u51f6\u6740\u6848\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u768416\uff05 \r\n\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9ed1\u4eba\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u8b66\u65b9\u7684\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u88ab\u8b66\u65b9\u62e6\u622a\u7684\u53f8\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u670933.6\uff05\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7ea6\u67098.1\uff05 \r\n \u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>\u6253\u51fb\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\">\u7701<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/federal-government\/\">\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c<\/a>\r\n\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u6253\u51fb\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\uff08<em>\u89c1<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">Ku Klux Klan<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\r\n\u6b67\u89c6\u5728\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6709\u8054\u90a6\u548c\u7701\u7ea7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u56e2\u4f53\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6b67\u89c6\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u300a<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-human-rights-act\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u6743\u6cd5\u300b<\/a><\/em>\r\n\u5c06\u4f20\u64ad\u4ec7\u6068\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u8be5<em>\u6cd5<\/em>\u4fdd\u62a4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u514d\u53d7\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\/\u6216\u80a4\u8272\u717d\u52a8\u4ec7\u6068\u6216\u717d\u52a8\u5bf9\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u8a00\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\"><em>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b<\/em><\/a>\u7279\u522b\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\r\n\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u8be5\u5baa\u7ae0\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6240\u6709\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u53d7\u5230\u300a\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u8be5\u5baa\u7ae0\u8fd8\u4fdd\u62a4\u4fdd\u969c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/multiculturalism\">\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316<\/a>\u9057\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/31f862c0-7a65-41c2-a522-44c57858f583.jpg\" title=\"\u300a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\" alt=\"\u300a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>\u300a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<em>\u4eba\u6743\u6cd5\u300b<\/em>\u7981\u6b62\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u6216\u65cf\u88d4\u51fa\u8eab\u3001\u80a4\u8272\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u6216\u5a5a\u59fb\u72b6\u51b5\u7b49\u4e2a\u4eba\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u300a<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-multiculturalism-act\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u6cd5\u300b<\/a><\/em>\u4fdd\u62a4\r\n\u7fa4\u4f53\u514d\u53d7\u6587\u5316\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u65b0\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u5373\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4fdd\u7559\u5176\u6587\u5316\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5173\u952e\u7acb\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u300a\r\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/criminal-code\/\"><em>\u5211<\/em><\/a>\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u7981\u6b62\u717d\u52a8\u4ec7\u6068\u548c\u4ec7\u6068\u5ba3\u4f20\uff09\u548c\u300a<em>\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e73\u7b49\u6cd5\u300b<\/em>\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4fdd\u62a4\u5987\u5973\u3001\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u3001\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u548c\u6709\u8272\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\r\n\u6210\u5458\u514d\u53d7\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u62db\u8058\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"zh","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-02-05T19:43:55.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-02-05T19:43:55.000000Z"}]},{"id":"87431","author_text":"Leo Driedger And Howard Palmer","revisor":"Julia Skikavich","major_update":null,"trigger_warning":0,"views":0,"shares":0,"type":"article","itunes_songs":"","indigo":"","itunes_title_en":"","itunes_title_fr":"","indigo_title_en":"","indigo_title_fr":"","status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2011-02-11T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-12-12T21:20:53.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"Pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et discrimination au Canada","slug":"prejuges-et-discrimination","alt_slug":"","summary":"Le terme \u00ab pr\u00e9jug\u00e9 \u00bb d\u00e9signe un jugement n\u00e9gatif non confirm\u00e9 port\u00e9 a priori sur des gens ou des groupes en raison notamment de leur ethnicit\u00e9, de leur religion ou de leur race.","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/53fa1c39-873e-4b13-ad8f-64872464d594.jpg\" title=\"Komagata Maru\" alt=\"Komagata Maru\"><br><\/div><div><figcaption>En 1914, l'arriv\u00e9e du \u00ab Komagata Maru \u00bb \u00e0 Vancouver, avec \u00e0 son bord des immigrants des Indes orientales, provoque de violentes manifestations \u00e0 Vancouver. R\u00e9sultat : on leur refuse l'autorisation de s\u00e9jour.<\/figcaption><figcaption class=\"source\">(avec la permission de la Vancouver Public Library)<\/figcaption><\/div><div><br><figcaption>En 1914, l'arriv\u00e9e du \\u00ab Komagata Maru \\u00bb \\u00e0 Vancouver, avec \\u00e0 son bord des immigrants des Indes orientales, provoque de violentes manifestations \\u00e0 Vancouver. R\u00e9sultat : on leur refuse l'autorisation de s\u00e9jour (avec la permission de la Vancouver Public Library).<\/figcaption><\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Le terme \u00ab pr\u00e9jug\u00e9 \u00bb d\u00e9signe un jugement n\u00e9gatif non confirm\u00e9 port\u00e9 a priori sur des gens ou des groupes en raison notamment de leur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ethnic-identity\/\">ethnicit\u00e9<\/a>, de leur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/religion\/\">religion<\/a> ou de leur race (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/racism\/\">Racisme<\/a>). La discrimination est l'exclusion d'individus ou de groupes d'une participation sociale enti\u00e8re en raison de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s. Bien que les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et la discrimination existent depuis fort longtemps au Canada, des efforts ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s au cours des derni\u00e8res g\u00e9n\u00e9rations pour faire du pays une mosa\u00efque de peuples et de cultures. La constitution garantit l'\u00e9galit\u00e9 au moyen de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">Charte des droits et libert\u00e9s<\/a>.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3><strong>D\u00e9but de la colonisation <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au Canada, les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s existent depuis les d\u00e9buts de la colonisation. En effet, les relations entre les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">Autochtones<\/a> et les colonisateurs europ\u00e9ens arriv\u00e9s en Am\u00e9rique du Nord au cours des XVII<sup>e<\/sup> et XVIII<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cles sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 marqu\u00e9es par des pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s. Les Europ\u00e9ens entretiennent une vision complexe et ambivalente \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des Autochtones, certains les consid\u00e9rant comme de \u00ab nobles sauvages \u00bb et d'autres, comme des barbares inhumains. Malgr\u00e9 les diff\u00e9rences importantes qui caract\u00e9risent les relations entre <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-french-relations\/\">Autochtones et Fran\u00e7ais<\/a> et celles entre Autochtones et Britanniques avant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/confederation\/\">conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/a>, dans les deux cas, les int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fur-trade\/\">traite des fourrures<\/a> permettent d'instaurer des relations de travail acceptables entre les colonisateurs et les Autochtones. Cependant, l'expansion de la colonisation entra\u00eene une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de ces liens, car les Autochtones sont peu \u00e0 peu per\u00e7us comme \u00e9tant un obstacle au d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique plut\u00f4t qu'un appui.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t \u00c0 la suite de la cr\u00e9ation des premi\u00e8res colonies europ\u00e9ennes et de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">conqu\u00eate<\/a> britannique de 1759-1760, et en raison de l'isolement g\u00e9ographique des populations autochtones, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\">relations entre les Autochtones et les Blancs<\/a> perdent graduellement de leur importance par rapport \u00e0 celles qui existent entre les puissances coloniales. La coop\u00e9ration et les rivalit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques, politiques, sociales et religieuses entre les colons fran\u00e7ais et britanniques fa\u00e7onnent une grande partie du d\u00e9veloppement du Canada depuis les ann\u00e9es 1750. Il existe des pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et de la discrimination dans les deux camps. Toutefois, puisqu'ils partagent une culture occidentale bas\u00e9e sur la technologie, la nature de leurs relations et les genres de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et de discrimination qui les caract\u00e9risent sont fort diff\u00e9rents de ceux qui marquent les rapports entre les Autochtones et les colons.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3><strong>Arriv\u00e9e d'immigrants<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au Canada, le nombre de personnes d'origine autre que britannique, fran\u00e7aise ou autochtone reste limit\u00e9 jusqu'\u00e0 l'arriv\u00e9e de vagues d'immigrants, surtout dans l'Ouest, \u00e0 la fin du XIX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle. La plupart des Canadiens anglophones consid\u00e8rent cette immigration non britannique et non fran\u00e7aise avant tout comme un moyen d'acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique du pays. Toutefois, d'autres s'inqui\u00e8tent de l'impact social et \u00e9conomique de cette immigration non britannique et s'opposent \u00e0 une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">politique d'immigration<\/a> ouverte. Le Canada fran\u00e7ais s'y oppose en faisant valoir qu'une telle politique minerait davantage son statut \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration. La plupart des Canadiens anglophones partagent les m\u00eames pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s en ce qui a trait aux avantages relatifs qu'apportent les diff\u00e9rents groupes d'immigrants.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t \u00c0 la fin du XIX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et au d\u00e9but du XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, la croyance en l'avancement et en la supr\u00e9matie de la race blanche est prise pour acquis en Occident. Bon nombre de Canadiens anglophones estiment que les peuples anglo-saxons et les principes britanniques de gouvernement constituent le sommet de l'<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/evolution\/\">\u00e9volution<\/a> biologique et que la grandeur du Canada repose sur son h\u00e9ritage anglo-saxon (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/imperialism\/\">Imp\u00e9rialisme<\/a>). Leur \u00e9valuation de la d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 d'un groupe d\u00e9pend donc presque directement du degr\u00e9 de conformit\u00e9 de ses membres par rapport au type physique et \u00e0 la culture britannique. Les immigrants britanniques et am\u00e9ricains sont au sommet de l'\u00e9chelle. Viennent ensuite les immigrants de l'ouest et du nord de l'Europe, ceux de l'Europe centrale et orientale, puis les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Juifs<\/a> et les immigrants du sud de l'Europe. Presque au bas de cette \u00e9chelle hi\u00e9rarchique, on trouve les sectes religieuses pacifistes, notamment les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/hutterites\/\">hutt\u00e9rites<\/a> et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/mennonites\/\">mennonites<\/a> de langue allemande, et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/doukhobors\/\">doukhobors<\/a> parlant le russe. Ces derniers groupes sont regroup\u00e9s sous une m\u00eame \u00e9tiquette, tant par les fonctionnaires que par le grand public. Leur isolation sociale rend leur int\u00e9gration probl\u00e9matique, leur z\u00e8le au travail et leur sens de l'\u00e9conomie en font de redoutables concurrents commerciaux, et leur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/pacifism\/\">pacifisme<\/a> soul\u00e8ve des doutes quant \u00e0 leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le Canada.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>Exp\u00e9rience noire et asiatique <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Tout au bas de l'\u00e9chelle, on trouve les Noirs et les immigrants asiatiques, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Chinois<\/a>, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/japanese-canadians\/\">Canadiens d'origine japonaise<\/a> et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/south-asians\/\">Asiatiques du Sud<\/a>. On les consid\u00e8re comme inf\u00e9rieurs et non assimilables. Les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">Canadiens de race noire<\/a> font l'objet de nombreux pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s avant la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration. Bien que plusieurs s'y opposent, l'<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/slavery\/\">esclavage<\/a> est pratiqu\u00e9 en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/new-france\/\">Nouvelle-France<\/a> et en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/british-north-america\/\">Am\u00e9rique du Nord britannique<\/a>. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1860, on compte 40 000 Noirs au Canada, parmi lesquels on trouve des descendants d'esclaves en Nouvelle-France, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/loyalists\/\">Loyalistes<\/a>, des Marrons jama\u00efcains, des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/war-of-1812\/\">guerre de 1812<\/a> et des fugitifs venus dans le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/upper-canada\/\">Haut-Canada<\/a> pour \u00e9chapper \u00e0 l'esclavage.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Bon nombre de Canadiens s'opposent \u00e0 l'esclavage pour des raisons d'ordre moral et viennent en aide aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en provenance des \u00c9tats-Unis. Toutefois, beaucoup d'autres craignent l'arriv\u00e9e de colons noirs, car, \u00e0 leur avis, ils sont arri\u00e9r\u00e9s, ignorants, immoraux, criminels et repr\u00e9sentent une menace \u00e9conomique. On les traite avant tout comme une source de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre bon march\u00e9. \u00c0 la suite de l'abolition d\u00e9finitive de l'esclavage dans l'Empire britannique en 1833, les Noirs canadiens rencontrent moins d'obstacles juridiques, mais continuent de se heurter \u00e0 de nombreux pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s sociaux.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Les Asiatiques sont victimes de l'une des formes les plus r\u00e9pandues de discrimination l\u00e9gale alors qu'ils s'\u00e9tablissent en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/british-columbia\/\">Colombie-Britannique<\/a>, o\u00f9 pr\u00e9domine un sentiment antiasiatique entre les ann\u00e9es 1850 et les ann\u00e9es 1950. Ils sont per\u00e7us comme \u00e9tant diff\u00e9rents et inf\u00e9rieurs. Les syndicats pr\u00e9tendent que les Asiatiques prennent les emplois des Blancs et qu'ils abaissent le niveau de vie de tous les travailleurs, car ils acceptent de travailler pour un salaire moindre que les travailleurs blancs. La plupart des syndicats ne permettent pas aux Asiatiques de joindre leurs rangs. De plus, les employeurs ont pour politique de les payer moins que les autres travailleurs.<\/p><p><iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CWJAqxJWY1A\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><\/iframe><br><\/p><p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t En Colombie-Britannique, en raison d'une l\u00e9gislation et de pratiques sociales discriminatoires, les Chinois, les Japonais et les Asiatiques du Sud ne peuvent voter, \u00eatre membres du barreau ou pharmaciens, \u00eatre \u00e9lus \u00e0 des fonctions publiques, \u00eatre jur\u00e9s ou obtenir un poste rattach\u00e9 aux travaux publics, \u00e0 l'enseignement ou \u00e0 la fonction publique. L'opinion publique s'exprime sur la question de l'immigration asiatique \u00e0 l'occasion de plusieurs \u00e9meutes violentes dirig\u00e9es contre les Chinois et les Asiatiques. Les plus s\u00e9rieuses se produisent \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/vancouver\/\">Vancouver<\/a> en 1887 et en 1907. Des groupes antiasiatiques tentent \u00e9galement \u00e0 plusieurs reprises d'exclure les Asiatiques des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-school\/\">\u00e9coles publiques<\/a>, de limiter la vente de terrains \u00e0 des Asiatiques et de restreindre de fa\u00e7on stricte le nombre de permis d\u00e9livr\u00e9s aux p\u00eacheurs japonais. En 1892 et en 1907, des \u00e9meutes antichinoises moins importantes surviennent en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/alberta\/\">Alberta<\/a>, au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\/\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>, en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/nova-scotia\/\">Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse<\/a> et en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/saskatchewan\/\">Saskatchewan<\/a> au moment o\u00f9 ces provinces adoptent des lois interdisant aux femmes de race blanche de travailler dans des restaurants, des blanchisseries ou toute autre entreprise commerciale appartenant \u00e0 des Canadiens d'origine chinoise ou japonaise.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t \u00c0 la fin du XIX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et dans la premi\u00e8re partie du XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, les Noirs sont \u00e9galement la cible d'une discrimination largement r\u00e9pandue dans les domaines du logement, de l'emploi et de l'acc\u00e8s aux services publics. Ils ont de la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre servis dans les h\u00f4tels et les restaurants ou \u00e0 \u00eatre accept\u00e9s dans les th\u00e9\u00e2tres et les piscines. En outre, ils sont parfois confin\u00e9s \u00e0 des \u00e9coles s\u00e9par\u00e9es, particuli\u00e8rement en Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse et en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ontario\/\">Ontario<\/a> o\u00f9 ils sont en plus grand nombre. La discrimination contre les Noirs d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e8re \u00e0 l'occasion en actes de violence. Lors des deux guerres mondiales, les unit\u00e9s des forces arm\u00e9es sont r\u00e9ticentes \u00e0 accepter dans leurs rangs des Noirs, des Chinois, des Japonais et des Asiatiques du Sud,ce qui n'emp\u00eache pas certains membres de ces groupes de servir finalement le pays.<\/p><p><iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/q7epsG2p5Aw\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><\/iframe><br><\/p><p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>D\u00e9but du XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au m\u00eame moment, l'immigration chinoise est ralentie au moyen d'une taxe d'entr\u00e9e, puis interrompue avec la promulgation, en 1923, de la <em>Loi de l'immigration chinoise<\/em>. En 1907, un engagement d'honneur est conclu avec le Japon afin de restreindre l'immigration en provenance de ce pays. La m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/order-in-council\/\">d\u00e9cret<\/a> interdit l'immigration en provenance de l'Inde. Le gouvernement adopte aussi des lois restrictives sur l'immigration en 1906, en 1910 et en 1919 pour limiter l'immigration europ\u00e9enne. De 1896 \u00e0 la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>, des nationalistes canadiens-fran\u00e7ais qualifient l'immigration \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle de complot canado-britannique visant \u00e0 \u00e9roder le statut du Canada fran\u00e7ais, surtout parce que l\u2019on compte tr\u00e8s peu de francophones parmi les immigrants.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t L'immigration n'est pas un sujet aussi br\u00fblant au Qu\u00e9bec qu'en Ontario ou dans l'Ouest \u00e0 cause du peu d'immigrants qui s'y \u00e9tablissent. Toutefois, en 1914, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">communaut\u00e9 juive<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/montreal\/\">Montr\u00e9al<\/a> est victime d'un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/anti-semitism\/\">antis\u00e9mitisme<\/a> virulent qui puise sa source en bonne partie dans les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s religieux du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/french-canadian-nationalism\/\">nationalisme canadien-fran\u00e7ais<\/a>. Les Juifs sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des exploiteurs, comme une menace \u00e0 la moralit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la civilisation chr\u00e9tiennes et sont le symbole des maux que repr\u00e9sentent l'internationalisme, le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/liberalism\/\">lib\u00e9ralisme<\/a>, le bolchevisme, le mat\u00e9rialisme et la vie urbaine.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Des controverses publiques impliquant des francophones et des anglophones de Montr\u00e9al \u00e9clatent au sujet de la place \u00e0 accorder aux Juifs \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du syst\u00e8me scolaire confessionnel et de la l\u00e9gislation touchant la fermeture des commerces le dimanche. L'opposition aux Juifs prend la forme de profanations de cimeti\u00e8res et de combats de rue occasionnels. L'hostilit\u00e9 des Canadiens fran\u00e7ais par rapport \u00e0 l'immigration juive fait pendant \u00e0 celle des ultra-protestants du Canada anglais \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des immigrants <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/catholicism\/\">catholiques<\/a> originaires d'Europe, qu'ils consid\u00e8rent comme des supp\u00f4ts de Rome et d'\u00e9ventuels alli\u00e9s politiques des Canadiens fran\u00e7ais catholiques.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au tournant du XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, les st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes ethniques en vogue au Canada font ressortir les origines paysannes des immigrants venus du centre, de l'est et du sud de l'Europe et des Asiatiques. On affirme alors qu'ils sont pauvres, illettr\u00e9s, porteurs de maladies, que leurs m\u0153urs sont rel\u00e2ch\u00e9es, qu'ils sont politiquement corrompus et peu pratiquants. La pr\u00e9dilection suppos\u00e9e des immigrants d'Europe centrale et m\u00e9ridionale pour l'alcool, la violence et le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/crime\/\">crime<\/a> et celle des Chinois pour les drogues, les jeux d'argent et les femmes blanches sont des images profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9es dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dominante. Les insultes \u00e0 caract\u00e8re ethnique sont fort r\u00e9pandues avant les ann\u00e9es 1950.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>Pers\u00e9cution en temps de guerre <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t La discrimination est l'un des facteurs qui engendre une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/vertical-mosaic\/\">mosa\u00efque verticale<\/a> des occupations et des revenus au Canada. Les Britanniques s'y trouvent au sommet alors que l\u2019on confie des emplois subalternes aux Chinois et aux Noirs, au bas des \u00e9chelons. Les groupes non britanniques et non fran\u00e7ais disposent d'une tr\u00e8s faible puissance \u00e9conomique, de sorte qu'ils ne parviennent \u00e0 effectuer de perc\u00e9es importantes au niveau des \u00e9chelons interm\u00e9diaires de la politique, de l'enseignement ou de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-service\/\">fonction publique<\/a> qu'apr\u00e8s la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/elites\/\">\u00c9lites<\/a>).\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Le degr\u00e9 de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et de discrimination \u00e0 l'endroit des immigrants de race blanche n'est \u00e9gal \u00e0 celui dont sont l'objet les minorit\u00e9s non blanches que lors des p\u00e9riodes de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/nationalism\/\">nationalisme<\/a> intense engendr\u00e9es par la guerre. Pendant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale<\/a>, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/german-canadians\/\">Allemands<\/a> et les immigrants originaires de l'Empire austro-hongrois sont victimes de pers\u00e9cutions et de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s. Les \u00ab \u00e9trangers ennemis \u00bb sont cong\u00e9di\u00e9s, certains sont plac\u00e9s sous surveillance polici\u00e8re ou gard\u00e9s \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/internment\/\">camps d'internement<\/a>. Leurs \u00e9coles de langue et beaucoup de leurs \u00e9glises sont ferm\u00e9es. On censure d'abord leurs journaux avant de les supprimer peu \u00e0 peu. Durant la guerre, des soldats et de civils \u00e9meutiers attaquent les locaux de clubs priv\u00e9s et d'entreprises appartenant \u00e0 des Allemands. On pr\u00e9sume que l'all\u00e9geance et l'uniformit\u00e9 culturelle et linguistique sont synonymes.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t L'opposition aux sectes religieuses pacifistes s'intensifie \u00e9galement pendant la guerre, pour aboutir, en 1919, \u00e0 un d\u00e9cret (abrog\u00e9 au cours des ann\u00e9es 1920) qui interdit sp\u00e9cifiquement l'entr\u00e9e au pays aux membres de ces groupes. De 1919 \u00e0 1953, les doukhobors de la Colombie-Britannique sont priv\u00e9s du droit de vote. La m\u00eame mesure est en vigueur au niveau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de 1934 \u00e0 1955. Le retour des anciens combattants de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale et la d\u00e9pression \u00e9conomique qui marque l'apr\u00e8s-guerre poussent l'hostilit\u00e9 contre ces sectes pacifistes \u00e0 son maximum et contribuent \u00e0 r\u00e9pandre l'id\u00e9e que le radicalisme politique des immigrants constitue une menace \u00e0 la vie nationale. On cesse de percevoir les immigrants d'origine slave comme \u00ab d'impassibles paysans \u00bb et on les consid\u00e8re comme de dangereux r\u00e9volutionnaires.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1920, on classe officiellement les immigrants originaires d'Europe centrale, m\u00e9ridionale et orientale \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur des cat\u00e9gories d'immigrants \u00ab non pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentielles \u00bb et \u00ab restreintes \u00bb. Toutefois, au milieu des ann\u00e9es 1920, en r\u00e9action aux pressions publiques, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral assouplit les restrictions sur l'immigration en provenance d'Europe de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 favoriser le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique. \u00c0 la fin de la d\u00e9cennie, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral permet \u00e0 plus de 185 000 immigrants originaires de l'Europe orientale et centrale et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/mennonites\/\">mennonites<\/a> de s'installer au Canada pour travailler comme agriculteurs, ouvriers agricoles et domestiques.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>R\u00e9actions d\u00e9favorables <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Cette nouvelle vague d'immigration ravive les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s. Des organisations telles que le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">Ku Klux Klan<\/a> (KKK), les Fils natifs du Canada et l'<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/orange-order\/\">Ordre d'Orange<\/a> prennent \u00e0 partie les nouveaux immigrants en qui elles voient une menace au caract\u00e8re \u00ab anglo-saxon \u00bb du Canada. Plusieurs de ces organisations, surtout le KKK, s'opposent aussi \u00e0 la venue d'immigrants catholiques.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1920, le Klan commence \u00e0 s'organiser \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, en Ontario, en Colombie-Britannique et au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/manitoba\/\">Manitoba<\/a>. Vers la fin de la d\u00e9cennie, le nombre de ses adh\u00e9rents en Saskatchewan atteint 20 000. Le Klan incite au boycottage des hommes d\u2019affaires catholiques, intimide des politiciens qui paraissent favorables aux int\u00e9r\u00eats fran\u00e7ais ou catholiques, s'oppose \u00e0 la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale sur l'immigration, lutte contre les \u00e9coles catholiques et tente d'emp\u00eacher les mariages interraciaux et ceux entre catholiques et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/protestantism\/\">protestants<\/a>. Le Klan acquiert suffisamment d'autorit\u00e9 en Saskatchewan pour contribuer \u00e0 la d\u00e9faite des lib\u00e9raux lors de l'\u00e9lection provinciale de 1929.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Un cercle vicieux fait de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et de discrimination prend davantage forme durant les ann\u00e9es 1930. La discrimination qui touche les non Anglo-Saxons les incite \u00e0 appuyer des mouvements politiques radicaux, par exemple le communisme (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/communist-party-of-canada\/\">Parti Communiste du Canada<\/a>) et le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fascism\/\">fascisme<\/a>, ce qui a pour effet d'accro\u00eetre la discrimination \u00e0 leur endroit. Entre 1930 et 1935, le premier ministre <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/richard-bedford-viscount-bennett\/\">R.B. Bennett<\/a> a recours \u00e0 la d\u00e9portation pour contrecarrer les appuis dont b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient les communistes. \u00c0 l'occasion de conflits de travail qui s\u00e9vissent dans l'ouest du Canada et en Ontario pendant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/great-depression\/\">grande d\u00e9pression<\/a>, les forces ouvri\u00e8res \u00e0 pr\u00e9dominance non anglo-saxonne sont souvent aux prises avec une administration anglo-canadienne qui s'efforce de d\u00e9truire la solidarit\u00e9 ouvri\u00e8re et de jeter le discr\u00e9dit sur les gr\u00e9vistes en \u00e9voquant leurs origines \u00e9trang\u00e8res.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au cours des ann\u00e9es 1930, les Juifs sont victimes de discrimination sociale. Elle prend la forme de restrictions officieuses en mati\u00e8re de logement, de contingents dans les facult\u00e9s universitaires et d'exclusion des clubs sociaux, des plages et des endroits de vill\u00e9giature r\u00e9serv\u00e9s \u00e0 l'\u00e9lite \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/toronto\/\">Toronto<\/a> et \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/winnipeg\/\">Winnipeg<\/a>. L'antis\u00e9mitisme influence aussi les politiques d'immigration du pays. Le Canada ferme ses portes aux immigrants juifs au moment o\u00f9 ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment \u00e0 la recherche d'un refuge pour fuir la pers\u00e9cution nazie en Europe.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Pendant la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale, les Germano-Canadiens, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">Italo-Canadiens<\/a> et les membres de sectes pacifistes font aussi face \u00e0 de l'hostilit\u00e9 \u00e0 leur \u00e9gard. Dans les r\u00e9gions rurales de la Colombie-Britannique au cours des ann\u00e9es 1920 et 1930, les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s populaires \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des doukhobors sont renforc\u00e9s par les attitudes engendr\u00e9es par la guerre. En 1942, le gouvernement de l'Alberta vote une loi interdisant toute vente de terrain aux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/hutterites\/\">hutt\u00e9rites<\/a> pour la dur\u00e9e de la guerre. De 1947 \u00e0 1972, il promulgue des restrictions relatives \u00e0 la quantit\u00e9 de terrains que peuvent poss\u00e9der les colonies hutt\u00e9rites et aux r\u00e9gions de la province dans lesquelles on leur permet de se d\u00e9velopper.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t L'hostilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des Canadiens d'origine japonaise, tant avant que pendant la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale, est continue, r\u00e9pandue et profonde, particuli\u00e8rement en Colombie-Britannique. Des vagues de sentiments antijaponais d\u00e9ferlent sur la province en 1937-1938, en 1940 et en 1941-1942. L'attaque de Pearl Harbor par le Japon d\u00e9clenche un violent courant d'hostilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'endroit des Canadiens d'origine japonaise. En f\u00e9vrier 1942, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral oblige tous les Japonais \u00e0 quitter la c\u00f4te du Pacifique. Quelque 22 000 Canadiens d'origine japonaise sont relog\u00e9s loin de la c\u00f4te en Colombie-Britannique et dans d'autres provinces, o\u00f9 ils continuent \u00e0 souffrir de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s raciaux. Le gouvernement vend leurs biens pour emp\u00eacher leur retour \u00e0 la fin de la guerre. En 1945, le gouvernement encourage \u00e9galement les Canadiens d'origine japonaise \u00e0 demander leur d\u00e9portation, et apr\u00e8s la guerre, il donne suite \u00e0 ces projets. Des pressions consid\u00e9rables exerc\u00e9es par des groupes de d\u00e9fense des droits civils entra\u00eenent finalement, en 1947, le retrait des ordres de d\u00e9portation, la remise de compensations partielles pour les pertes de biens et, en 1949, l'annulation des restrictions qui emp\u00eachent les Japonais de retourner dans la r\u00e9gion du littoral (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/civil-liberties\/\">Libert\u00e9s civiles<\/a>).\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t N\u00e9anmoins, plusieurs \u00e9v\u00e9nements survenus pendant et apr\u00e8s la guerre \u00e9rodent certains pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des groupes minoritaires. Les Canadiens d'origine chinoise et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\">ukrainienne<\/a> acqui\u00e8rent une nouvelle respectabilit\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur appui \u00e0 l'effort de guerre. La participation de toutes les couches de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 aux industries de guerre \u00e9branle les barri\u00e8res sociales. De plus, la r\u00e9pugnance que suscitent Hitler et le nazisme entra\u00eene finalement une r\u00e9action contre le concept hitl\u00e9rien de sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 raciale et contre les manifestations publiques d'antis\u00e9mitisme.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t L'adh\u00e9sion du Canada \u00e0 la Charte de l'<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/united-nations\/\">Organisation des Nations unies<\/a>, en 1944, et \u00e0 la D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l'homme, en 1948, a pour effet d'\u00e9taler les politiques discriminatoires du Canada au grand jour. \u00c0 la suite de l'action \u00e9nergique de divers groupes de pression asiatiques et d'une opinion publique sans cesse plus favorable, on accorde finalement le droit de vote aux Asiatiques (les Asiatiques du Sud et les Chinois en 1947, les Japonais en 1949). De plus, on fait dispara\u00eetre l'interdiction qui touche l'immigration des Chinois et des Asiatiques du Sud, bien que seuls les enfants et les femmes de citoyens canadiens actuels soient autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 immigrer.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>H\u00e9ritage <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t L'immigration apr\u00e8s 1945 favorise encore les Europ\u00e9ens, m\u00eame si le gouvernement permet un l\u00e9ger contingent d'immigrants en provenance de l'Inde, du Pakistan et de Ceylan (1951). Les immigrants arriv\u00e9s apr\u00e8s la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale sont mieux accept\u00e9s, en partie parce que plusieurs d'entre eux sont plus instruits et poss\u00e8dent un m\u00e9tier. L'\u00e9clatement des postulats intellectuels et de la respectabilit\u00e9 sociale du racisme anglo-saxon est sans doute le facteur le plus important qui entra\u00eene une plus grande tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 l'endroit des immigrants des ann\u00e9es 1950 et 1960, avec pour cons\u00e9quence l'adoption de lois provinciales et de codes relatifs aux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/human-rights\/\">droits de la personne<\/a>, l'adoption par le f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-bill-of-rights\/\">D\u00e9claration canadienne des droits<\/a> (1960) et la cr\u00e9ation de commissions des droits de la personne. Ce changement d'attitude d\u00e9coule du d\u00e9go\u00fbt suscit\u00e9 par le racisme d'Hitler, du d\u00e9clin de la Grande-Bretagne en tant que puissance mondiale et de la mont\u00e9e des mouvements de droits civiques aux \u00c9tats-Unis. La prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 des ann\u00e9es 1950 et 1960 facilite la progression socio-\u00e9conomique des non Anglo-Saxons des deuxi\u00e8me et troisi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9rations et favorise l'affaiblissement du lien jusque-l\u00e0 plut\u00f4t rigide existant entre la classe et l'origine ethnique.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Dans les ann\u00e9es 1960, les recommandations de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/royal-commission-on-bilingualism-and-biculturalism\/\">Commission royale d'enqu\u00eate sur le bilinguisme et le biculturalisme<\/a> et l'instauration d'une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">politique d'immigration<\/a> plus juste, ainsi que la mondialisation croissante dans les ann\u00e9es 1970, entra\u00eenent le passage d'une immigration essentiellement europ\u00e9enne vers un plus grand afflux d'immigrants d'origine asiatique. Le recensement de 1971 d\u00e9montre que pr\u00e8s de 95 % de la population canadienne est d'origine europ\u00e9enne et qu'il est difficile de trouver plus de 5 % de personnes consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme non europ\u00e9ennes. Seulement 25 ans plus tard, en 1996, la population de non Europ\u00e9ens et de groupes de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/minorite-visible\">minorit\u00e9 visible<\/a> a doubl\u00e9 pour atteindre 11 %.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>Exp\u00e9rience autochtone <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au cours des XIX<sup>e<\/sup> et XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cles, les attitudes envers les Autochtones suivent en bonne partie celles \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des immigrants et d'autres groupes ethniques. Toutefois, leur traitement est temp\u00e9r\u00e9 par leur situation unique et leur statut l\u00e9gal particulier, incarn\u00e9s dans les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">trait\u00e9s indiens<\/a> et la <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/indian-act\/\">Loi sur les Indiens<\/a><\/em> qui favorisent une approche paternaliste de la part des gouvernements, approche qui n'a pas encore compl\u00e8tement disparu.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Avant la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration, on consid\u00e8re les Autochtones comme des alli\u00e9s militaires ou des partenaires essentiels \u00e0 la traite des fourrures, mais, peu \u00e0 peu, on les consid\u00e8re comme un obstacle au progr\u00e8s. Les gouvernements les isolent dans des r\u00e9serves et, en accord avec les principales communaut\u00e9s chr\u00e9tiennes, essaient de les assimiler par l'instauration de l'agriculture et de l'\u00e9ducation de type europ\u00e9en ainsi que du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/christianity\/\">christianisme<\/a>. Bien que de nombreux enfants autochtones re\u00e7oivent une \u00e9ducation dans des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/residential-schools\/\">pensionnats<\/a> financ\u00e9s par le gouvernement et dirig\u00e9s par les \u00e9glises, des milliers d'entre eux sont victimes d'abus, parfois physiques et sexuels, et beaucoup plus d'entre eux perdent leur langue et leur culture dans ces \u00e9coles. Comme dans les cas des nouveaux immigrants, on estime qu'il est n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9liminer leur langue et leur culture et de les assimiler \u00e0 un mode de vie sup\u00e9rieur.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t \u00c0 la consternation des agents des Am\u00e9rindiens et des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/missions-and-missionaries\/\">missionnaires<\/a>, on encourage de temps en temps les Autochtones \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter leur culture aux visiteurs de marque ou lors de foires locales, mais ces d\u00e9monstrations sont per\u00e7ues comme des vestiges pittoresques du pass\u00e9 plut\u00f4t que comme une part int\u00e9grante de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne en \u00e9volution. Pendant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, ironiquement, pour faire augmenter le nombre d'engag\u00e9s, le gouvernement commence \u00e0 encourager le sentiment guerrier chez les Autochtones du Canada alors qu'il a tent\u00e9 de l'\u00e9liminer pendant des d\u00e9cennies. Toutefois, cet encouragement s'arr\u00eate rapidement \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, lorsque le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral s'attend \u00e0 ce que les anciens combattants d'origine autochtone retrouvent un statut inf\u00e9rieur sur le plan l\u00e9gal, politique, social et \u00e9conomique, similaire \u00e0 celui qu'ils avaient avant la guerre. Comme la majorit\u00e9 des immigrants qui ne sont pas Blancs, les Autochtones ne peuvent voter, sont rel\u00e9gu\u00e9s au bas de l'\u00e9chelle en mati\u00e8re d'\u00e9conomie et sont stigmatis\u00e9s sur le plan social.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Pendant l'entre-deux-guerres, les Autochtones cessent d'\u00eatre au c\u0153ur du d\u00e9bat public. En raison de leur impuissance, de leur manque de comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et de leur isolement g\u00e9ographique, ils n'attirent pas l'attention du public. \u00c0 la diff\u00e9rence des Asiatiques et des Noirs, qui sont largement exclus de l'immigration vers le Canada durant cette p\u00e9riode, les racistes ne peuvent \u00e9videmment pas exclure les Autochtones du pays. Leur statut de peuple indig\u00e8ne les prot\u00e8ge de certaines formes de nationalisme virulent que d'autres groupes ethniques doivent affronter.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t La p\u00e9riode qui suit la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale am\u00e8ne des am\u00e9liorations dans les relations avec les Autochtones qui vont de pair avec certains changements d'attitude envers les immigrants et les groupes ethniques autres que britanniques ou fran\u00e7ais. Les Autochtones sont de plus en plus instruits et de mieux en mieux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/aboriginal-people-political-organization-and-activism\/\">organis\u00e9s<\/a>. De plus, un certain nombre de porte-parole autochtones commencent \u00e0 d\u00e9fier leur statut de deuxi\u00e8me classe. En 1960, le gouvernement de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/john-diefenbaker\/\">Diefenbaker<\/a> abolit la mesure discriminatoire qui emp\u00eache les Autochtones de voter aux \u00e9lections f\u00e9d\u00e9rales. Le public devient plus sensible aux valeurs des Autochtones et \u00e0 leur culture. Les programmes d'assimilation sont discr\u00e9dit\u00e9s, et les programmes gouvernementaux commencent \u00e0 promouvoir la fiert\u00e9 des racines, le progr\u00e8s \u00e9conomique et social ainsi que le maintien de la langue et de la culture pour les minorit\u00e9s immigr\u00e9es et les Autochtones. La forte opposition au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/white-paper\/\">livre blanc<\/a> de 1969 du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, qui propose de mettre un terme au statut particulier des Autochtones, repr\u00e9sente un tournant. En r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette opposition, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral d\u00e9savoue ses politiques d'assimilation.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Alors qu'ils s'\u00e9tablissent de plus en plus dans les centres urbains dans la p\u00e9riode apr\u00e8s 1950, les Autochtones se heurtent encore \u00e0 des pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et \u00e0 de la discrimination en mati\u00e8re de logement, dans les restaurants et autres lieux publics, mais ils ont des recours pour redresser la situation gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la l\u00e9gislation des droits de la personne. Les gouvernements professent le d\u00e9sir d'instaurer de nouvelles approches \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des Autochtones, et les discussions prolong\u00e9es au sujet des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/land-claims\/\">revendications territoriales<\/a> et d'un nouveau statut constitutionnel s'accompagnent d'un appui du public pour les revendications des Autochtones.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Aujourd'hui, les Autochtones souffrent encore sur le plan psychologique des effets des injustices du pass\u00e9. Bon nombre d'entre eux se heurtent encore aux pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et \u00e0 la discrimination dans leur vie quotidienne, mais moins que par le pass\u00e9. La culture autochtone est maintenant plut\u00f4t largement c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, une commission f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de v\u00e9rit\u00e9 et de r\u00e9conciliation vise \u00e0 corriger les torts caus\u00e9s par les pensionnats, et bon nombre de peuples autochtones, notamment les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/inuit\/\">Inuits<\/a> du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/nunavut\/\">Nunavut<\/a>, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/nisgaa\/\">Nisga'a<\/a> de la Colombie-Britannique et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/gwichin\/\">Gwich'in<\/a> des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/northwest-territories\/\">Territoires du Nord-Ouest<\/a>, jouissent maintenant d'une autonomie gouvernementale au sein du Canada et sont propri\u00e9taires de leurs territoires.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>Diversit\u00e9 ou creuset ethnique? <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne traite ses minorit\u00e9s ethniques en partie selon les attentes qu'elle a envers les minorit\u00e9s et les immigrants. D'un c\u00f4t\u00e9, les personnes en faveur de l'int\u00e9gration souhaitent que toutes les personnes s'int\u00e8grent dans un creuset culturel. De l'autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, les pluralistes estiment que la diff\u00e9rentiation constitue un droit l\u00e9gitime des minorit\u00e9s. Des questions se posent au sujet des droits des membres d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de transformer leur diversit\u00e9 religieuse et politique en un pluralisme ethnique. Au Canada, un tel droit l\u00e9gitime est \u00e9tendu aux deux peuples fondateurs (britannique et fran\u00e7ais). En 1982, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s<\/a> accorde aussi ce droit aux autres groupes.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t En 1991, le groupe Angus Reid entreprend un sondage au niveau national afin de savoir jusqu'\u00e0 quel point les Canadiens sont pour la diversit\u00e9. Il constate qu'une grande majorit\u00e9 de Canadiens sont en faveur d'une politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale qui favorise l'\u00e9galit\u00e9, qui la garantit, qui \u00e9limine la discrimination raciale dans l'\u00e9ducation, dans les soins de sant\u00e9 et le syst\u00e8me judiciaire, qui aide la police \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer ses services ainsi que les nouveaux immigrants \u00e0 acqu\u00e9rir des habilet\u00e9s pour s'int\u00e9grer \u00e0 l'\u00e9conomie et \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t L'Enqu\u00eate sur la diversit\u00e9 ethnique (2003) r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/statistics-canada\/\">Statistique Canada<\/a> porte sur les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents ethniques et culturels de la population canadienne. L'enqu\u00eate r\u00e9v\u00e8le que 93 % des Canadiens n'ont jamais ou rarement \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de discrimination ou de traitements injustes en raison de leurs caract\u00e9ristiques ethnoculturelles. Cependant, les personnes disant avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de discrimination appartenaient habituellement \u00e0 des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/minorite-visible\">minorit\u00e9s visibles<\/a> et \u00e9taient plus souvent des immigrants r\u00e9cents plut\u00f4t que des Canadiens de deuxi\u00e8me ou de troisi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t De nombreuses \u00e9tudes sur l'orientation sexuelle, le sexe, le racisme, les droits de la personne, les droits des Autochtones, l'ethnicit\u00e9 et la justice ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es depuis 2000. Avant les ann\u00e9es 1990, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne \u00e9tait constitu\u00e9e en grande majorit\u00e9 de Blancs de descendance europ\u00e9enne. En 2001, la proportion de gens appartenant \u00e0 une minorit\u00e9 visible s'\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 13,4 %, puis en 2006, les minorit\u00e9s visibles forment 16,2 % de la population. En 2011, l'Enqu\u00eate nationale aupr\u00e8s des m\u00e9nages montre que 19 % des Canadiens sont membres d'une minorit\u00e9 visible. On s'attend \u00e0 ce qu'environ 14,4 millions de personnes soient issues des minorit\u00e9s visibles en 2031.\r\n<\/p>","twitter_summary":null,"pivot":{"model_id":"72064","relatable_id":"87431","relatable_type":"App\\Models\\Article","position":9},"translations":[{"id":"9df9e296-74e2-41d8-8663-fe16d7b4fdb5","article_id":"87431","title":"Prejudice and Discrimination in Canada [Vorurteile und Diskriminierung in Kanada]","summary":"Vorurteile beziehen sich auf eine unbegr\u00fcndete, negative Vorbeurteilung von Einzelpersonen oder Gruppen, in der Regel aufgrund ethnischer Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit, Religion oder Rasse. Diskriminierung ist der Ausschluss von Einzelpersonen oder Gruppen von der vollen Teilhabe an der Gesellschaft aufgrund von Vorurteilen. ","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/53fa1c39-873e-4b13-ad8f-64872464d594.jpg\" title=\"&lt;em>Komagata Maru&lt;\/em>\" alt=\"&lt;em>Komagata Maru&lt;\/em>\">\r\n\t<figcaption>1914 l\u00f6ste die Ankunft der <em>Komagata Maru<\/em> mit ostindischen Einwanderern in Vancouver gewaltt\u00e4tige Demonstrationen in Vancouver aus. Infolgedessen wurde ihnen der Zutritt verweigert (mit freundlicher Genehmigung der Vancouver Public Library).<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">Vorurteile beziehen sich auf eine unbegr\u00fcndete, negative Vorbeurteilung von Einzelpersonen oder Gruppen, in der Regel aufgrund <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ethnic-identity\/\">ethnischer Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/religion\/\">Religion<\/a> oder Rasse (siehe Rassismus).<\/a><\/em> Diskriminierung ist der Ausschluss von Einzelpersonen oder Gruppen von der vollen Teilhabe an der Gesellschaft aufgrund von Vorurteilen. Trotz der langen Geschichte von \r\n Vorurteilen und Diskriminierung in Kanada wurden in den letzten Generationen Anstrengungen unternommen, das Land zu einem Mosaik von V\u00f6lkern und Kulturen zu machen. Gleichheit ist heute durch die <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">Charta der Rechte und Freiheiten<\/a> verfassungsrechtlich gesch\u00fctzt. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>Fr\u00fche Abrechnung <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nVorurteile in Kanada reichen bis in die Anf\u00e4nge ihrer Beilegung zur\u00fcck. Es zeigt sich in den Beziehungen zwischen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">indigenen V\u00f6lkern \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\"><\/a><\/a> und europ\u00e4ischen Kolonisatoren, die im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert entstanden sind (<em>siehe<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/slavery-of-indigenous-people-in-canada\/\">Sklaverei indigener V\u00f6lker in<\/a> Kanada). Die europ\u00e4ische Sichtweise der \r\n indigenen V\u00f6lker war komplex und ambivalent und reichte von der Vorstellung, sie seien \u201eedle Wilde\u201c, bis hin zur Vorstellung, sie seien seelenlose Barbaren. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">Zwar gab es in Kanada vor der <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/confederation\/\">Konf\u00f6deration<\/a> erhebliche Unterschiede in den Beziehungen zwischen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-french-relations\/\">Indigenen, Franzosen und \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\">Briten und Indigenen<\/a>, doch in beiden F\u00e4llen trugen die wirtschaftlichen \r\n Interessen des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fur-trade\/\">Pelzhandels<\/a> dazu bei, ein ertr\u00e4gliches Arbeitsverh\u00e4ltnis zwischen den Kolonisatoren und den indigenen V\u00f6lkern zu festigen (siehe Indigene<\/a> V\u00f6lker: Vertr\u00e4ge).<\/a><\/em> \r\nEine gro\u00dffl\u00e4chige Besiedlung f\u00fchrte jedoch zu einer Verschlechterung der Beziehungen, da indigene V\u00f6lker eher als Hindernis denn als Hilfe f\u00fcr die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung wahrgenommen wurden. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nInfolge der fr\u00fchen europ\u00e4ischen Besiedlung und der anschlie\u00dfenden britischen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">Eroberung<\/a> in den Jahren 1759-60 sowie der geografischen Isolation der indigenen Bev\u00f6lkerungsgruppen verloren die Beziehungen zwischen den Indigenen und Europ\u00e4ern \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\"><\/a> allm\u00e4hlich an Bedeutung als die Beziehungen zwischen den Kolonialm\u00e4chten. Die wirtschaftliche, politische, soziale und religi\u00f6se Zusammenarbeit und die Rivalit\u00e4ten zwischen britischen und franz\u00f6sischen Siedlern pr\u00e4gten einen Gro\u00dfteil der Entwicklung Kanadas von den 1750er Jahren bis heute. \r\n Vorurteile und Diskriminierung gab es auf beiden Seiten. Da die beiden Gruppen eine technologiegest\u00fctzte westliche Kultur teilten, unterschieden sich die Art ihrer Beziehung und die Art der Vorurteile und Diskriminierung, die sie charakterisierten, erheblich von denen, die die Beziehungen zwischen \r\n Indigenen und Siedlern charakterisierten. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Zustrom von Einwanderern <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nDie Zahl der Menschen in Kanada, die nicht britischer, franz\u00f6sischer oder indigener Herkunft waren, blieb bis zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts gering, als gro\u00dfe Einwanderungswellen eintrafen und sich haupts\u00e4chlich im Westen niederlie\u00dfen. Die meisten englischsprachigen Kanadier betrachteten diese \r\n nicht-britische und nicht-franz\u00f6sische Einwanderung in erster Linie als eine M\u00f6glichkeit, die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Kanadas zu beschleunigen. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">Andere wiederum sorgten sich um die sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Einwanderung aus anderen L\u00e4ndern und lehnten eine Einwanderungspolitik der offenen T\u00fcr ab.<\/a> \r\nDie franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Kanadier lehnten sie mit der Begr\u00fcndung ab, dass eine solche Politik den Status Franz\u00f6sisch-Kanadas innerhalb der Konf\u00f6deration weiter untergraben w\u00fcrde. Die meisten englischsprachigen Kanadier teilten Vorurteile, was die relative Erw\u00fcnschtheit von Einwanderergruppen anging. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nIm sp\u00e4ten 19. und fr\u00fchen 20. Jahrhundert wurde der Glaube an Fortschritt und an die wei\u00dfe \u00dcberlegenheit in der gesamten westlichen Welt als selbstverst\u00e4ndlich angesehen. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/imperialism\/\">Viele englischsprachige Kanadier glaubten, dass die angels\u00e4chsischen V\u00f6lker und die britischen Regierungsprinzipien den H\u00f6hepunkt der biologischen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/evolution\/\">Evolution \r\n<\/a> darstellten und dass Kanadas Gr\u00f6\u00dfe von seinem angels\u00e4chsischen Erbe abhing (siehe Imperialismus).<\/a><\/em> \r\nIhre Einsch\u00e4tzung, ob eine Gruppe attraktiv war, variierte daher fast direkt mit dem Grad, in dem ihre Mitglieder der britischen Kultur und ihrem K\u00f6rperbau entsprachen. Britische und amerikanische Einwanderer wurden als die begehrtesten angesehen, gefolgt von Nord- und \r\n Westeurop\u00e4ern, Mittel- und Osteurop\u00e4ern und dann von <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Juden<\/a> und S\u00fcdeurop\u00e4ern. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/doukhobors\/\">Ganz unten in der Hackordnung befanden sich die pazifistischen religi\u00f6sen Sekten wie die deutschsprachigen \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/hutterites\/\">Hutterer und <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/mennonites\/\">Mennoniten<\/a> sowie die russischsprachigen<\/a> Douchobor.<\/a> \r\nDiese Gruppen wurden ausnahmslos von Beamten und der \u00d6ffentlichkeit in einen Topf geworfen. Ihre soziale Isolation erschwerte ihre Assimilation. Ihre Sparsamkeit und ihr Flei\u00df machten sie zu starken wirtschaftlichen Konkurrenten, und ihr <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/pacifism\/\">Pazifismus<\/a> lie\u00df Zweifel an ihrem Engagement in Kanada aufkommen. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Schwarze und asiatische Erfahrung <\/h3>\r\n<p>Schwarze und asiatische Einwanderer \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Chinesen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/japanese-canadians\/\">japanische Kanadier<\/a> und <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/south-asians\/\">S\u00fcdasiaten<\/a> \u2014 galten als minderwertig und konnten nicht in die kanadische Gesellschaft aufgenommen werden. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">Schwarze Kanadier<\/a> stie\u00dfen in der Zeit vor der Konf\u00f6deration auf erhebliche Vorurteile. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/british-north-america\/\">Obwohl es viele gab, die sich dagegen aussprachen, gab es in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/new-france\/\">Neufrankreich und \r\n im britischen Nordamerika<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/slavery\/\">Sklaverei<\/a>.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/upper-canada\/\">In den 1860er Jahren geh\u00f6rten zu den 40.000 Schwarzen in Kanada Nachfahren von Sklaven in Neufrankreich, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/loyalists\/\">Loyalisten<\/a>, \r\n jamaikanische Maroons, amerikanische Fl\u00fcchtlinge aus dem <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/war-of-1812\/\">Krieg von 1812<\/a> und Fl\u00fcchtlinge, die nach Oberkanada kamen, um der Sklaverei zu entkommen.<\/a> \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nViele Kanadier lehnten die Sklaverei aus moralischen Gr\u00fcnden ab und halfen Fl\u00fcchtlingen aus den Vereinigten Staaten. Aber viele andere f\u00fcrchteten den Zustrom schwarzer Siedler und betrachteten sie als r\u00fcckst\u00e4ndig, ignorant, unmoralisch, kriminell und als wirtschaftliche Bedrohung. Schwarze Menschen wurden in erster Linie \r\n als Quelle billiger Arbeitskr\u00e4fte behandelt. Nach der endg\u00fcltigen Abschaffung der Sklaverei im gesamten britischen Empire im Jahr 1833 stie\u00dfen schwarze Kanadier auf weniger rechtliche Hindernisse, waren aber immer noch mit vielen sozialen Vorurteilen konfrontiert. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nEinige der am weitesten verbreiteten legalisierten Diskriminierungsmuster betrafen Asiaten, die sich in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">British Columbia<\/a> niederlie\u00dfen, wo antiasiatische Gef\u00fchle von den 1850er bis 1950er Jahren endemisch waren. \r\n Asiaten galten als fremd und minderwertig. Organisierte Arbeitsgruppen behaupteten, Asiaten h\u00e4tten Jobs von Wei\u00dfen angenommen und den Lebensstandard aller Arbeitnehmer gesenkt, weil sie bereit waren, f\u00fcr weniger Geld als wei\u00dfe Arbeiter zu arbeiten. Asiaten waren \r\n aus den meisten Gewerkschaften ausgeschlossen, und aus politischen Gr\u00fcnden zahlten Arbeitgeber asiatischen Arbeitnehmern weniger als andere.<\/p><p><iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eZyvg_87e6o\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><br><\/iframe><\/p><p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAufgrund diskriminierender Gesetze und sozialer Praktiken in BC durften Chinesen, Japaner und S\u00fcdasiaten nicht w\u00e4hlen, Jura oder Pharmazie praktizieren, in \u00f6ffentliche \u00c4mter gew\u00e4hlt werden, Jurys angeh\u00f6ren oder eine Karriere im \u00f6ffentlichen Dienst, im Bildungswesen oder im \u00f6ffentlichen Dienst einschlagen. \r\nDie \u00f6ffentliche Meinung zur asiatischen Einwanderung kam mehrfach in gewaltsamen antichinesischen und antiasiatischen Unruhen zum Ausdruck. Die schwersten Unruhen ereigneten sich 1887 und 1907 in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">Vancouver<\/a>. \r\nAntiasiatische Gruppen unternahmen auch verschiedene Versuche, Asiaten von <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-school\/\">\u00f6ffentlichen Schulen<\/a> auszuschlie\u00dfen, den Verkauf von Land an Asiaten einzuschr\u00e4nken und die Anzahl der an japanische Fischer ausgestellten Lizenzen \r\n stark zu begrenzen. In den Jahren 1892 und 1907 kam es auch in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\/\">Alberta<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\/\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\/\">Nova Scotia<\/a> und <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/saskatchewan\/\">Saskatchewan<\/a> zu kleineren antichinesischen Unruhen, als Gesetze verabschiedet wurden, die wei\u00dfen Frauen die Arbeit in \r\n Restaurants, W\u00e4schereien und anderen Unternehmen chinesischer oder japanischer Kanadier untersagten. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nSchwarze Kanadier sahen sich Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts und Anfang bis Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts auch einem \u00e4hnlich weit verbreiteten Muster der Diskriminierung in Bezug auf Wohnen, Besch\u00e4ftigung und Zugang zu \u00f6ffentlichen Dienstleistungen ausgesetzt. Sie hatten Schwierigkeiten, in Hotels und Restaurants bedient zu werden und Zugang zu Theatern und \r\n Schwimmb\u00e4dern zu erhalten. Gelegentlich wurden sie gezwungen, getrennte Schulen zu besuchen, insbesondere in Nova Scotia und <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\/\">Ontario<\/a>, wo schwarze Kanadier am meisten lebten. \r\n Die Diskriminierung von Schwarzen m\u00fcndete gelegentlich in Gewalt. In beiden Weltkriegen z\u00f6gerten die Einheiten der Streitkr\u00e4fte, schwarze, chinesische, japanische und s\u00fcdasiatische Soldaten aufzunehmen, obwohl einige aus jeder Gruppe schlie\u00dflich ihren Dienst leisteten.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2SwNa0H4s0s\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nIn der Zwischenzeit wurde die chinesische Einwanderung durch eine \u201eKopfsteuer\u201c einged\u00e4mmt und durch das chinesische Einwanderungsgesetz von 1923 vollst\u00e4ndig gestoppt. 1907 wurde mit Japan ein Gentleman&#39;s Agreement geschlossen, das die Zahl der japanischen Einwanderer einschr\u00e4nkte. Ein <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/order-in-council\/\">Ratsbeschluss verbot 1907<\/a> die Einwanderung aus Indien. Die Regierung f\u00fchrte 1906, 1910 und 1919 auch restriktive Einwanderungsgesetze ein, um die europ\u00e4ische Einwanderung zu kontrollieren. Zwischen 1896 und dem <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Zweiten Weltkrieg warfen<\/a> \r\n franz\u00f6sisch-kanadische Nationalisten vor, dass die gro\u00df angelegte Einwanderung (insbesondere, da kaum franz\u00f6sischsprachig war) eine englisch-kanadische Verschw\u00f6rung gewesen, um den Status Franz\u00f6sisch-Kanadas zu untergraben. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nEinwanderung war in Qu\u00e9bec kein so wichtiges \u00f6ffentliches Thema wie in Ontario und im Westen, weil sich dort so wenige Einwanderer niederlie\u00dfen. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/french-canadian-nationalism\/\">1914 waren die <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Juden<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">Montr\u00e9al<\/a> jedoch Opfer eines starken <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/anti-semitism\/\">Antisemitismus<\/a>, der gr\u00f6\u00dftenteils auf die religi\u00f6sen Vorurteile des franz\u00f6sisch-kanadischen Nationalismus zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren war.<\/a> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/liberalism\/\">Juden wurden als Ausbeuter, als Bedrohung der christlichen Moral und Zivilisation und als Symbole der \u00dcbel des Internationalismus, Liberalismus, Bolschewismus, Materialismus und des st\u00e4dtischen Lebens dargestellt.<\/a> \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nIn Montr\u00e9al kam es zu \u00f6ffentlichen Kontroversen, an denen sowohl die Franzosen als auch die Briten beteiligt waren, \u00fcber den Platz der Juden im konfessionellen Schulsystem und \u00fcber die Gesetzgebung zur Schlie\u00dfung von Sonntagen. Die Feindseligkeit gegen\u00fcber Juden \u00e4u\u00dferte sich in gelegentlichen Friedhofssch\u00e4ndungen und Stra\u00dfenk\u00e4mpfen. \r\n Die franz\u00f6sisch-kanadische Feindseligkeit gegen\u00fcber der j\u00fcdischen Einwanderung ging einher mit der Feindseligkeit der Ultraprotestanten im englischsprachigen Kanada. Diese Gruppe betrachtete <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">katholische<\/a> Einwanderer aus Europa als unterw\u00fcrfige Werkzeuge Roms und als potenzielle politische Verb\u00fcndete der franz\u00f6sisch-kanadischen Katholiken. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nDie ethnischen Stereotypen Kanadas der Jahrhundertwende betonten die b\u00e4uerliche Herkunft der Mittel-, Ost- und S\u00fcdeurop\u00e4er und Asiaten. Es stellte Einwanderer als arm, Analphabeten, krank, moralisch lax, politisch korrupt und religi\u00f6s mangelhaft dar. \r\nDie angebliche Tendenz der Mittel- und S\u00fcdeurop\u00e4er zu Alkohol, Gewalt und <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/crime\/\">Kriminalit\u00e4t<\/a> und die Chinesen zu Drogen, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/gambling\/\">Gl\u00fccksspiel<\/a> und wei\u00dfen Frauen waren in der herrschenden Gesellschaft ein starkes und beliebtes Bild. Ethnische Beleidigungen waren in der Zeit vor den 1950er Jahren weit verbreitet. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Verfolgung in Kriegszeiten <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nDiskriminierung war einer der Faktoren, die in Kanada zu einem <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/vertical-mosaic\/\">vertikalen Mosaik<\/a> von Berufen und Einkommen f\u00fchrten. An der Spitze standen Menschen britischer Abstammung und so weiter bis hin zu Chinesen \r\n und schwarzen Kanadiern, die die untersten Jobs aus\u00fcbten. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/elites\/\">Nicht-britische und nichtfranz\u00f6sische Gruppen verf\u00fcgten \u00fcber sehr wenig wirtschaftliche Macht, und erst nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg begannen sie, nennenswert in die mittleren Ebenen der Politik, des Bildungswesens oder des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-service\/\">\u00f6ffentlichen Dienstes<\/a> vorzudringen (siehe Eliten).<\/a> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nDas Ausma\u00df der Vorurteile und der Diskriminierung gegen\u00fcber nichtwei\u00dfen Minderheiten erreichte f\u00fcr wei\u00dfe Einwanderer nur in Zeiten intensiven, kriegsbedingten <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/nationalism\/\">Nationalismus<\/a> ein vergleichbares Niveau. \r\nW\u00e4hrend des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">Ersten Weltkriegs<\/a> waren <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\">Deutsche<\/a> und Einwanderer aus der \u00f6sterreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie \r\n Opfer von Vorurteilen und Verfolgung. \u201eFeindliche Ausl\u00e4nder\u201c wurden von ihren Arbeitspl\u00e4tzen entlassen. Einige wurden unter polizeiliche \u00dcberwachung oder in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/internment\/\">Internierungslager<\/a> gebracht. Ihre Sprachschulen und \r\n viele ihrer Kirchen wurden geschlossen; ihre Zeitungen wurden zuerst zensiert und dann schrittweise unterdr\u00fcckt; und w\u00e4hrend des Krieges griffen randalierende Soldaten und Zivilisten die R\u00e4umlichkeiten deutscher Clubs und Unternehmen in deutschem Besitz an. Loyalit\u00e4t und kulturelle und sprachliche \r\n Einheitlichkeit galten als Synonyme. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nW\u00e4hrend des Krieges versch\u00e4rfte sich auch der Widerstand gegen pazifistische religi\u00f6se Sekten. Dies f\u00fchrte schlie\u00dflich 1919 zu einem Ratsbeschluss (der in den 1920er Jahren aufgehoben wurde), der Mitgliedern dieser Gruppen ausdr\u00fccklich die Einreise in das Land verbot. Von 1919 bis 1953 wurde den Doukhobors \r\n in BC das Wahlrecht verweigert, und dieses Verbot wurde von 1934 bis 1955 auf Bundesebene ausgedehnt. Die R\u00fcckkehr der Veteranen des Ersten Weltkriegs und die Wirtschaftskrise der Nachkriegszeit brachten die Feindseligkeit gegen\u00fcber pazifistischen Sekten auf einen H\u00f6hepunkt und trugen zu der Annahme bei, dass politische Radikale mit Migrationshintergrund eine Gefahr \r\n f\u00fcr das kanadische Leben darstellten. Slawische Einwanderer wurden nicht mehr als \u201estumpfe Bauern\u201c wahrgenommen, sondern als gef\u00e4hrliche Revolution\u00e4re. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nIn den fr\u00fchen 1920er Jahren wurden mittel-, s\u00fcd- und osteurop\u00e4ische Einwanderer offiziell den \u201enicht bevorzugten\u201c und eingeschr\u00e4nkten Einwandererkategorien zugeordnet. Mitte der 1920er Jahre lockerte die Bundesregierung jedoch auf \u00f6ffentlichen Druck hin die \r\n Beschr\u00e4nkungen f\u00fcr die Einwanderung aus Europa, um die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung zu f\u00f6rdern. In den sp\u00e4ten 1920er Jahren lie\u00df die Bundesregierung mehr als 185.000 Mittel- und Osteurop\u00e4er sowie <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\">Mennoniten als Landwirte, Landarbeiter und Hausangestellte<\/a> nach Kanada einreisen. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Gegenreaktion <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nDiese neue Einwanderungswelle weckte wieder Vorurteile. Organisationen wie der <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">Ku-Klux-Klan<\/a> (KKK), die Native Sons of Canada und der <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/orange-order\/\">Orangenorden<\/a> kritisierten die neuen Einwanderer als Bedrohung f\u00fcr den \u201eangels\u00e4chsischen\u201c Charakter Kanadas. Einige der Organisationen, insbesondere der KKK, lehnten auch katholische Einwanderer ab. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nDer Klan begann in den fr\u00fchen 1920er Jahren mit der Organisation in Montr\u00e9al, Ontario, BC und <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/manitoba\/\">Manitoba<\/a>. Seine Mitgliederzahl in Saskatchewan erreichte Ende der 1920er Jahre 20.000. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">Der Klan organisierte Boykotte \r\n katholischer Gesch\u00e4ftsleute, sch\u00fcchterte Politiker ein, die mit franz\u00f6sischen oder katholischen Interessen sympathisch zu sein schienen, lehnte die Einwanderungspolitik des Bundes ab, lehnte katholische Schulen ab und versuchte, interrassische und katholisch-protestantische Ehen zu verhindern.<\/a> Der Klan war in Saskatchewan m\u00e4chtig genug, um zur Niederlage der Liberalen bei den Provinzwahlen 1929 beizutragen. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nEin Teufelskreis aus Vorurteilen und Diskriminierung versch\u00e4rfte sich in den 1930er Jahren weiter. Die Diskriminierung, der Nicht-Angelsachsen ausgesetzt waren, veranlasste sie, radikale politische Bewegungen wie den Kommunismus (siehe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/communist-party-of-canada\/\">Kommunistische Partei<\/a>) \r\n und den <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fascism\/\">Faschismus<\/a> zu unterst\u00fctzen, was wiederum die Diskriminierung gegen sie verst\u00e4rkte. Zwischen 1930 und 1935 nutzte Premierminister <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/richard-bedford-viscount-bennett\/\">R.B. Bennett<\/a> die Deportation, um die Unterst\u00fctzung der Kommunisten zu vereiteln. In Arbeitskonflikten im Westen Kanadas und in Ontario w\u00e4hrend der <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/great-depression\/\">Gro\u00dfen Depression<\/a> trat eine \u00fcberwiegend nicht angels\u00e4chsische \r\n Belegschaft h\u00e4ufig gegen ein anglo-kanadisches Management an, das versuchte, die Solidarit\u00e4t der Arbeiter zu zerst\u00f6ren und die Streikenden zu diskreditieren, indem es ihre ausl\u00e4ndische Herkunft betonte. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Zweiter Weltkrieg <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">In den 1930er Jahren waren Juden Opfer sozialer Diskriminierung, was durch informelle Aufenthaltsbeschr\u00e4nkungen, Quoten f\u00fcr den Besuch von Berufsschulen an Universit\u00e4ten und den Ausschluss von elit\u00e4ren Clubs, Str\u00e4nden und Resorts in Montr\u00e9al, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">Toronto<\/a> und Winnipeg zum Opfer fiel.<\/a> Antisemitismus beeinflusste auch die Einwanderungspolitik. Kanada schloss seine T\u00fcren f\u00fcr j\u00fcdische Einwanderer zu der Zeit, als sie dringend Zuflucht vor der Verfolgung durch \r\n die Nazis in Europa brauchten. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nW\u00e4hrend des Zweiten Weltkriegs stie\u00dfen auch deutsche und <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">italienische Kanadier<\/a> sowie Mitglieder pazifistischer Sekten auf Feindseligkeit. In den 1920er und 1930er Jahren auf dem Land in BC wurden die Vorurteile der Bev\u00f6lkerung \r\n gegen\u00fcber den Doukhobors durch die Haltung der Bev\u00f6lkerung w\u00e4hrend des Krieges verst\u00e4rkt. 1942 verabschiedete die Regierung von Alberta ein Gesetz, das den Verkauf von Grundst\u00fccken an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hutterites\/\">Hutterer<\/a> f\u00fcr die Dauer des Krieges verbot. \r\n Von 1947 bis 1972 schr\u00e4nkten Gesetze in Alberta die Menge an Land ein, die die Hutter-Kolonien besitzen durften, und die Gebiete der Provinz, in die sie expandieren konnten. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nDie Feindseligkeit gegen\u00fcber japanischen Kanadiern sowohl vor als auch w\u00e4hrend des Zweiten Weltkriegs hielt an, war weit verbreitet und intensiv, insbesondere in BC. In den Jahren 1937-38, 1940 und 1941-42 wurde BC von Wellen antijapanischer Stimmung erfasst. Der Angriff Japans auf Pearl Harbor l\u00f6ste heftige Feindseligkeit gegen\u00fcber japanischen Kanadiern aus. \r\n Im Februar 1942 befahl die Bundesregierung allen Japanern, die Pazifikk\u00fcste zu evakuieren. Etwa 22.000 japanische Kanadier wurden in das Landesinnere von BC und in andere Provinzen umgesiedelt, wo sie weiterhin \r\n mit rassistischen Vorurteilen konfrontiert waren. Die Regierung verkaufte ihr Eigentum, um ihre R\u00fcckkehr am Ende des Krieges zu verhindern. 1945 ermutigte die Regierung auch japanische Kanadier, eine freiwillige Deportation nach Japan anzustreben, und nach dem Krieg wurden diese Deportationspl\u00e4ne fortgesetzt. \r\n Der Druck von B\u00fcrgerrechtsgruppen f\u00fchrte schlie\u00dflich 1947 zur Abschaffung der Deportationsbefehle, zur teilweisen Entsch\u00e4digung f\u00fcr Verm\u00f6gensverluste und 1949 zum Ende der Beschr\u00e4nkungen, die Japaner daran hinderten, an die K\u00fcste zur\u00fcckzukehren. \r\n(Siehe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/civil-liberties\/\">B\u00fcrgerliche Freiheiten<\/a>.) \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nEine Reihe von Entwicklungen w\u00e4hrend und nach dem Krieg untergruben auch bestimmte Vorurteile gegen\u00fcber verschiedenen Minderheitengruppen. Chinesische und <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\">ukrainische<\/a> Kanadier gewannen \r\n durch ihre Unterst\u00fctzung der Kriegsanstrengungen neues Ansehen. Die Beteiligung aller Gesellschaftsschichten an der Kriegsindustrie untergrub soziale Barrieren. Und die Abscheu gegen Hitler und den Nationalsozialismus l\u00f6ste schlie\u00dflich Reaktionen gegen Hitlers Konzept einer \u00fcberlegenen Rasse und \r\n gegen \u00f6ffentliche \u00c4u\u00dferungen des Antisemitismus aus. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nKanadas Unterzeichnung der Charta der <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/united-nations\/\">Vereinten Nationen<\/a> im Jahr 1944 und der Allgemeinen Erkl\u00e4rung der Menschenrechte 1948 r\u00fcckten Kanadas diskriminierende Politik in den Mittelpunkt. Nach \r\n intensiver Lobbyarbeit asiatischer Gruppen und einer zunehmend sympathischen \u00d6ffentlichkeit erhielten Asiaten in Kanada endlich das Wahlrecht (S\u00fcdasiaten und Chinesen 1947, Japaner 1949). Das Verbot der chinesischen und s\u00fcdasiatischen Einwanderung wurde aufgehoben, obwohl nur Ehefrauen \r\n und Kinder kanadischer Staatsb\u00fcrger zur Einwanderung berechtigt waren. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Verm\u00e4chtnis <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nDie Einwanderung nach 1945 war immer noch zugunsten der Europ\u00e4er voreingenommen, obwohl die Regierung eine kleine Quote von Einwanderern aus Indien, Pakistan und Ceylon zulie\u00df (1951). Einwanderer der Nachkriegszeit wurden besser aufgenommen, auch weil viele von ihnen gebildet und qualifiziert waren. \r\nWahrscheinlich war der Hauptgrund f\u00fcr die neue Toleranz gegen\u00fcber Einwanderern in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren \u2014 veranschaulicht durch die Verabschiedung von <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/human-rights\/\">Menschenrechtsgesetzen<\/a> und -kodizes der Provinzen, die \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-bill-of-rights\/\">kanadische Federal Bill of Rights<\/a> (1960) und die Schaffung von Menschenrechtskommissionen \u2014 die Erosion der Annahmen und der Seriosit\u00e4t des angels\u00e4chsischen Rassismus. Dies resultierte \r\n aus der Abscheu gegen Hitlers Rassismus, dem Niedergang Gro\u00dfbritanniens als Weltmacht und dem Wachstum der amerikanischen B\u00fcrgerrechtsbewegung. Der Wohlstand der 1950er und 1960er Jahre erleichterte den sozio\u00f6konomischen Aufstieg der nicht-angels\u00e4chsischen Kanadier der zweiten und dritten Generation. \r\n Es trug auch dazu bei, das ziemlich starre Verh\u00e4ltnis zwischen Klasse und ethnischer Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu schw\u00e4chen. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nDie Empfehlungen der <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/royal-commission-on-bilingualism-and-biculturalism\/\">Kommission f\u00fcr Zweisprachigkeit und Bikulturalismus<\/a> und die Einf\u00fchrung einer gerechteren <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">Einwanderungspolitik<\/a> in den 1960er Jahren \u2014 ebenso wie die zunehmende Globalisierung der 1970er Jahre \u2014 f\u00fchrten zu einer Verlagerung von der \u00fcberwiegend europ\u00e4ischen Einwanderung hin zu einem st\u00e4rkeren Zustrom asiatischer Einwanderer. Die Volksz\u00e4hlung von 1971 ergab, dass etwa 95 Prozent der kanadischen Bev\u00f6lkerung Menschen \r\n europ\u00e4ischer Herkunft waren, und es war schwierig, mehr als f\u00fcnf Prozent zu finden, die als nichteurop\u00e4isch betrachtet werden konnten. Nur 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter, 1996, hatte sich der Anteil der nichteurop\u00e4ischen, nichtwei\u00dfen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">sichtbaren Minderheit<\/a> auf 11 Prozent verdoppelt. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>Indigene Erfahrung <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nDie Einstellungen gegen\u00fcber indigenen V\u00f6lkern im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert entsprachen in vielerlei Hinsicht denen gegen\u00fcber Einwanderern und anderen ethnischen Gruppen. Die Behandlung indigener V\u00f6lker wurde jedoch durch ihre besondere Stellung und ihren rechtlichen Status, die in den \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">Vertr\u00e4gen<\/a> und im <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/indian-act\/\"><em>Indian Act<\/em><\/a> verankert sind, gemildert, was einen paternalistischen Ansatz der Regierungen f\u00f6rderte, der noch nicht \r\n vollst\u00e4ndig beendet ist. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nDie vor der Konf\u00f6deration vorherrschende Vorstellung, dass indigene V\u00f6lker milit\u00e4rische Verb\u00fcndete oder Partner im Pelzhandel waren, wurde allm\u00e4hlich durch die Ansicht verdr\u00e4ngt, sie als r\u00fcckst\u00e4ndige Stolpersteine f\u00fcr den Fortschritt zu betrachten. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/christianity\/\">Die Regierungen isolierten sie in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-reserves\/\">Reservaten<\/a> und versuchten in Zusammenarbeit mit den wichtigsten christlichen Konfessionen, sie durch die Einf\u00fchrung der europ\u00e4ischen Landwirtschaft, Bildung und des Christentums zu assimilieren.<\/a> Obwohl \r\n viele indigene Kinder in staatlich finanzierten, von der Kirche betriebenen Internaten unterrichtet wurden, wurden auch Tausende misshandelt, manchmal k\u00f6rperlich und sexuell, und viele \r\n weitere verloren in den <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/residential-schools\/\">Schulen<\/a> ihre Sprache und Kultur. Wie bei den Neueinwanderern ging man davon aus, dass <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-languages\/\">indigene Sprachen<\/a> und Kulturen ausgerottet und \r\n in eine bessere Lebensweise integriert werden m\u00fcssten. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nZur Best\u00fcrzung der <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indian\/\">indischen<\/a> Regierungsvertreter und <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/missions-and-missionaries\/\">Missionare<\/a> wurden Indigene \r\n gelegentlich ermutigt, ihre Kultur vor W\u00fcrdentr\u00e4gern oder auf lokalen Messen zu zeigen, aber diese Ausstellungen wurden eher als malerische \u00dcberreste der Vergangenheit denn als integraler Bestandteil der sich entwickelnden kanadischen Gesellschaft angesehen. Ironischerweise begann die Regierung w\u00e4hrend des Ersten \r\n Weltkriegs, um die Zahl der Rekrutierungen zu erh\u00f6hen, die Kriegsethik unter den indigenen V\u00f6lkern Kanadas zu f\u00f6rdern, die sie jahrzehntelang zu unterdr\u00fccken versucht hatte (<em>siehe<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-peoples-and-the-world-wars\/\">Indigene V\u00f6lker und die Weltkriege<\/a>). \r\nDies endete schnell bei Kriegsende, da die Bundesbeh\u00f6rden erwarteten, dass indigene Veteranen wieder in denselben niedrigeren rechtlichen, politischen, sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Status zur\u00fcckkehren w\u00fcrden, den sie vor dem Krieg hatten. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-suffrage\/\">Wie die meisten nichtwei\u00dfen Einwanderer \r\n konnten auch indigene V\u00f6lker nicht w\u00e4hlen, wurden in die untersten Stufen der Wirtschaftsordnung verbannt und sozial stigmatisiert (siehe Indigenes Wahlrecht).<\/a><\/em> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nIn der Zwischenkriegszeit waren indigene V\u00f6lker nicht mehr im Mittelpunkt der \u00f6ffentlichen Debatte. Ihre Machtlosigkeit, ihr mangelnder wirtschaftlicher Wettbewerb und ihre geografische Isolation trugen dazu bei, dass sie in der \u00d6ffentlichkeit nicht wahrgenommen wurden. Im Gegensatz zu Asiaten und Schwarzen, die in dieser Zeit \r\n weitgehend von der Einreise nach Kanada ausgeschlossen waren, konnten indigene V\u00f6lker offensichtlich nicht aus dem Land ausgeschlossen werden. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nDie Zeit nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg f\u00fchrte zu neuen Entwicklungen in den Beziehungen der Ureinwohner, die mit einigen der sich \u00e4ndernden Einstellungen gegen\u00fcber Einwanderern und nichtbritischen und nichtfranz\u00f6sischen Volksgruppen einhergingen. Indigene V\u00f6lker wurden allm\u00e4hlich besser ausgebildet und besser \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-political-organization-and-activism\/\">organisiert<\/a>, und eine Reihe indigener Sprecher begannen, ihren Status als zweite Klasse in Frage zu stellen. 1960 beendete die Regierung <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/john-diefenbaker\/\">Diefenbaker<\/a> die diskriminierende Ma\u00dfnahme, die indigene V\u00f6lker daran hinderte, auf Bundesebene zu w\u00e4hlen. Die \u00d6ffentlichkeit wurde sensibler f\u00fcr indigene Werte und Kultur. Assimilationsprogramme gerieten in Verruf und die Regierungen begannen, den Stolz auf ihre \r\n Abstammung, den sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Aufstieg sowie den sprachlichen und kulturellen Erhalt sowohl f\u00fcr eingewanderte Minderheiten als auch f\u00fcr indigene V\u00f6lker zu f\u00f6rdern. Ein Wendepunkt war der starke Widerstand gegen das <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/white-paper\/\">Wei\u00dfbuch<\/a> der Bundesregierung von \r\n 1969, in dem vorgeschlagen wurde, den Sonderstatus indigener V\u00f6lker abzuschaffen. Als Reaktion auf diesen Widerstand lehnte die Bundesregierung ihre Assimilationspolitik ab. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAls die Ureinwohner nach den 1950er Jahren zunehmend in urbane Zentren zogen, stie\u00dfen sie in Wohnungen, Restaurants und anderen \u00f6ffentlichen Einrichtungen immer noch auf Vorurteile und Diskriminierung. Die Menschenrechtsgesetze boten jedoch einige Ausweg. Die Regierungen bekundeten \r\n den Wunsch nach neuen Ans\u00e4tzen im Umgang mit indigenen V\u00f6lkern, und die langwierigen Diskussionen \u00fcber <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/land-claims\/\">Landanspr\u00fcche<\/a> und einen neuen Verfassungsstatus gingen mit der Unterst\u00fctzung \r\n der \u00d6ffentlichkeit f\u00fcr ihre Anspr\u00fcche einher. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nHeute leiden indigene V\u00f6lker immer noch psychisch unter den Auswirkungen historischer Fehler. Viele sto\u00dfen auch in ihrem t\u00e4glichen Leben immer noch auf Vorurteile und Diskriminierung. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-self-government\/\">Die indigene Kultur wird heute in der Gesellschaft relativ hoch gesch\u00e4tzt, eine f\u00f6derale <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/truth-and-reconciliation-commission\/\">Wahrheits- und Vers\u00f6hnungskommission<\/a> arbeitete daran, das Unrecht der Internatsschulen wiedergutzumachen, und viele indigene V\u00f6lker \u2014 darunter die <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/inuit\/\">Inuit<\/a> von <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nunavut\/\">Nunavut<\/a>, \r\n die <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nisgaa\/\">Nisga&#39;a<\/a> von BC und die <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/gwichin\/\">Gwich&#39;in<\/a> der <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/northwest-territories\/\">Nordwest-Territorien<\/a> \u2014 genie\u00dfen heute Selbstverwaltung und territoriales Eigentum innerhalb der kanadischen Nation.<\/a> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<blockquote><p>\r\n<iframe sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-popups\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"185\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.radiopublic.com\/e?if=the-secret-life-of-canada-Ww0QnZ&amp;ge=s1!c5e85b6b1ca74ec97c36fd6d608704fc34d10cd3\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n<\/p><p> <\/p>Viele Kanadier haben vielleicht noch nie von Madhu Verma geh\u00f6rt, aber ihr fast f\u00fcnfzigj\u00e4hriger sozialer Aktivismus hat die aktuelle Landschaft von Fredericton, N.B. und der kanadischen Ostk\u00fcste stark gepr\u00e4gt. <span style=\"font-family: \" gotham=\"\" ssm=\"\" a\",=\"\" \"gotham=\"\" b\",=\"\" \"helvetica=\"\" neue\",=\"\" arial,=\"\" sans-serif;=\"\" font-size:=\"\" 15px;\"=\"\"><\/span><p><b>Hinweis<\/b><i>: <i>The Secret Life of Canada<\/i> wird von Falen Johnson und Leah Simone Bowen moderiert und geschrieben und ist ein CBC-Original-Podcast, der unabh\u00e4ngig von The Canadian Encyclopedia ist.<\/i> <\/p>\r\n <p><\/p><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n<h3> Vielfalt oder Schmelztiegel? <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nWie die kanadische Gesellschaft mit ihren ethnischen Minderheiten umgeht, basiert zum Teil auf Erwartungen dar\u00fcber, was mit Minderheiten oder Einwanderern passieren sollte. Assimilationisten erwarten, dass alle Menschen in einem kulturellen \u201eSchmelztiegel\u201c verschmelzen. Pluralisten hingegen betrachten \r\n Differenzierung als das legitime Recht von Minderheiten. Es stellen sich Fragen zu den Rechten der Mitglieder einer Gesellschaft, ihre politische und religi\u00f6se Vielfalt auf den ethnischen Pluralismus auszudehnen. In Kanada war ein solches gesetzliches Recht urspr\u00fcnglich auf die beiden \r\n Gr\u00fcnderv\u00f6lker (Briten und Franzosen) ausgedehnt worden. 1982 weitete die <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">Charta der Rechte und Freiheiten<\/a> Gleichheit und Freiheiten auch auf andere aus. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n1991 fragte das Meinungsforschungsinstitut Angus Reid Kanadier, inwieweit sie Vielfalt bef\u00fcrworten. Eine Mehrheit gab an, dass sie eine f\u00f6derale Politik bef\u00fcrworten, die Gleichheit f\u00f6rdert und gew\u00e4hrleistet, Rassendiskriminierung in den Bereichen Bildung, Gesundheitswesen und \r\n Justiz beseitigt, die Polizei bei der Verbesserung der Dienstleistungen unterst\u00fctzt und neuen Einwanderern hilft, die F\u00e4higkeiten zu erwerben, um sich in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft zu integrieren. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nDer Ethnic Diversity Survey (2003), durchgef\u00fchrt von <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/statistics-canada\/\">Statistics Canada<\/a>, untersuchte den ethnischen und kulturellen Hintergrund der Menschen in Kanada. Es wurde berichtet, dass 93 Prozent der \r\n Kanadier aufgrund ihrer ethnokulturellen Merkmale nie oder selten diskriminiert oder unfair behandelt wurden. Bei den Befragten, die von Diskriminierung berichteten, handelte es sich jedoch eher um <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">sichtbare Minderheiten<\/a> und es handelte sich eher um Neueinwanderer \r\n als um Kanadier der zweiten und dritten Generation. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nSeit 2000 wurden auch zahlreiche Studien zu sexueller Orientierung, Geschlecht, Rassismus, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-rights\/\">Menschenrechten, indigenen Rechten<\/a>, ethnischer Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit und Gerechtigkeit ver\u00f6ffentlicht. Vor den \r\n 1990er Jahren bestand die kanadische Gesellschaft \u00fcberwiegend aus Personen wei\u00dfer europ\u00e4ischer Abstammung. Im Jahr 2001 war der Anteil sichtbarer Minderheiten auf 13,4 Prozent gestiegen, und 2006 machten sichtbare Minderheiten 16,2 Prozent der Bev\u00f6lkerung aus. Im Jahr 2011 ergab \r\n die National Household Survey, dass 19 Prozent der Kanadier sichtbare Minderheiten waren \u2014 bis 2031 werden es voraussichtlich rund 14,4 Millionen Menschen sein. \r\n<\/p>","slug":"vorurtdeildeundeiskriminiderung","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"de","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-15T18:28:59.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-15T18:28:59.000000Z"},{"id":"22823da1-de22-4933-87f4-d727081ef0ac","article_id":"87431","title":"Prejudice and Discrimination in Canada","summary":"Prejudice refers to an unsubstantiated, negative pre-judgment of individuals or groups, usually because of ethnicity, religion or race. Discrimination is the exclusion of individuals or groups from full participation in society because of prejudice.","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/53fa1c39-873e-4b13-ad8f-64872464d594.jpg\" title=\"<em>Komagata Maru<\/em>\" alt=\"<em>Komagata Maru<\/em>\">\r\n\t<figcaption>In 1914 the arrival of the <em>Komagata Maru<\/em> in Vancouver with East Indian immigrants touched off violent demonstrations in Vancouver. As a result they were refused entry (courtesy Vancouver Public Library).<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n\tPrejudice refers to an unsubstantiated, negative pre-judgment of individuals or groups, usually because of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ethnic-identity\/\">ethnicity<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/religion\/\">religion<\/a>\tor race (<em>see <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">Racism<\/a>). Discrimination is the exclusion of individuals or groups from full participation in society because of prejudice. Despite Canada's long history of\r\n\tprejudice and discrimination, efforts have been made in recent generations to make the country a mosaic of peoples and cultures. Equality is constitutionally protected today by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">Charter of Rights and Freedoms<\/a>.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>Early Settlement <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tPrejudice in Canada dates back to the beginnings of its settlement. It can be seen in the relations between <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">Indigenous peoples<\/a>\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\"><\/a> and European colonizers that arose in the 17th and 18th centuries (<em>see <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/slavery-of-indigenous-people-in-canada\/\">Slavery of Indigenous People in Canada<\/a>). The European view of\r\n\tIndigenous peoples was complex and ambivalent, ranging from seeing them as \"noble savages\" to considering them soulless barbarians. While there were significant differences in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-french-relations\/\">Indigenous-French <\/a>and\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\">British-Indigenous<\/a> relations in pre-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/confederation\/\">Confederation<\/a> Canada, in both cases the economic\r\n\tinterests of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fur-trade\/\">fur trade<\/a> helped to cement a tolerable working relationship between the colonizers and Indigenous peoples (<em>see<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">Indigenous Peoples: Treaties<\/a>).\r\n\tLarge-scale settlement, however, led to deterioration in relations as Indigenous peoples became perceived as an impediment rather than an aid to economic development.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tAs a result of early European settlement and the subsequent British <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">Conquest<\/a> in 1759-60, as well as the geographical isolation of Indigenous populations, Indigenous-European relations\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\"><\/a> gradually became less important than the relations between the colonizing powers. The economic, political, social and religious co-operation and rivalries between British and French settlers shaped much of Canada's development from the 1750s to\r\n\tthe present. Prejudice and discrimination existed on both sides. Because the two groups shared a technologically-based Western culture, the nature of their relationship and the kinds of prejudice and discrimination that characterized it were considerably\r\n\tdifferent from those that characterized Indigenous-settler relations.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Influx of Immigrants <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThe number of people in Canada other than those of British, French or Indigenous origin remained small until the end of the 19th century, when large waves of immigrants arrived, settling primarily in the West. Most English-speaking Canadians saw this\r\n\tnon-British and non-French immigration primarily as a way of speeding Canada's economic development. Others, however, worried about the social and economic impact of non-British immigration and opposed an open-door <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">Immigration Policy<\/a>.\r\n\tFrench-speaking Canadians opposed it on the grounds that such a policy would further erode the status of French Canada within Confederation. Most English-speaking Canadians shared prejudices concerning the comparative desirability of immigrant groups.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tDuring the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the belief in progress and in white superiority was taken for granted throughout the Western world. Many English-speaking Canadians believed that Anglo-Saxon peoples, and British principles of government,\r\n\twere the apex of biological <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/evolution\/\">evolution<\/a> and that Canada's greatness depended on its Anglo-Saxon heritage (<em>see <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/imperialism\/\">Imperialism<\/a>).\r\n\tTheir assessment of a group's desirability therefore varied almost directly with the degree its members conformed to British culture and physical type. British and American immigrants were regarded as the most desirable, followed by northern and western\r\n\tEuropeans, central and eastern Europeans and then by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Jews<\/a> and southern Europeans. Close to the bottom of the pecking order were the pacifist religious sects, such as the German-speaking\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/hutterites\/\">Hutterites<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/mennonites\/\">Mennonites<\/a>, and the Russian-speaking <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/doukhobors\/\">Doukhobors<\/a>.\r\n\tThese groups were invariably lumped together by public officials and the general public. Their social isolation made their assimilation difficult. Their thrift and industry made them strong economic competitors, and their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/pacifism\/\">pacifism<\/a>\traised doubts about their commitment to Canada.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Black and Asian Experience <\/h3>\r\n<p>Black and Asian immigrants \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Chinese<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/japanese-canadians\/\">Japanese Canadians<\/a>\tand <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/south-asians\/\">South Asians<\/a> \u2014 were considered inferior and unable to be assimilated into Canadian society. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">Black Canadians<\/a>\tencountered significant prejudice in the pre-Confederation era. Although there were many who opposed it, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/slavery\/\">slavery<\/a> existed in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/new-france\/\">New France <\/a>and\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/british-north-america\/\">British North America<\/a>. By the 1860s, the 40,000 Black people in Canada included descendants of slaves in New France, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/loyalists\/\"> Loyalists<\/a>,\r\n\tJamaican Maroons, American refugees from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/war-of-1812\/\">War of 1812<\/a>, and fugitives who came to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/upper-canada\/\">Upper Canada <\/a>to escape\r\n\tslavery.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tMany Canadians opposed slavery on moral grounds and assisted refugees from the United States. But many others feared the influx of Black settlers, seeing them as backward, ignorant, immoral, criminal and an economic threat. Black people were treated primarily\r\n\tas a source of cheap labour. Following the final abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire in 1833, Black Canadians encountered fewer legal barriers, but still faced a great deal of social prejudice.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tSome of the most widespread legalized patterns of discrimination occurred against Asians settling in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">British Columbia<\/a>, where anti-Asian sentiment was endemic from the 1850s\r\n\tto the 1950s. Asians were regarded as alien and inferior. Organized labour groups claimed Asians took jobs from whites and lowered living standards for all workers because they were willing to work for less money than white workers. Asians were excluded\r\n\tfrom most unions, and as a matter of policy employers paid Asian workers less than others.<\/p><p><iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eZyvg_87e6o\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><\/iframe><br><\/p><p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tBecause of discriminatory legislation and social practices in BC, Chinese, Japanese and South Asians could not vote, practise law or pharmacy, be elected to public office, serve on juries, or have careers in public works, education or the civil service.\r\n\tPublic opinion on Asian immigration was expressed on several occasions in violent anti-Chinese and anti-Asian riots. The most serious riots were in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">Vancouver<\/a> in 1887 and 1907.\r\n\tVarious attempts were also made by anti-Asian groups to exclude Asians from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-school\/\">public schools<\/a>, to restrict the sale of land to Asians and to severely limit the number of licences\r\n\tissued to Japanese fishermen. In 1892 and 1907 smaller scale anti-Chinese riots also occurred in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\/\">Alberta<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\/\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>,\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\/\">Nova Scotia<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/saskatchewan\/\">Saskatchewan<\/a> when legislation was passed prohibiting white women from working in\r\n\trestaurants, laundries and any other businesses owned by Chinese or Japanese Canadians.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tBlack Canadians also faced a similar widespread pattern of discrimination in housing, employment and access to public services during the late 19th century and early-to-mid-20th century. They had difficulty being served in hotels and restaurants, and\r\n\tin being admitted to theatres and swimming pools. On occasion they were forced into segregated schools, particularly in Nova Scotia and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\/\">Ontario<\/a>, where Black Canadians were most\r\n\tconcentrated. The discrimination against Black people occasionally erupted into violence. In both world wars, armed forces units were reluctant to accept Black, Chinese, Japanese and South Asian enlistees, although some from each group did eventually serve.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2SwNa0H4s0s\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><\/iframe>\r\n\t<br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Early 20th Century <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tMeanwhile, Chinese immigration was curbed by a \"head tax\" and was stopped altogether by the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923. A gentleman's agreement was made with Japan in 1907, restricting the number of Japanese immigrants. An <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/order-in-council\/\">Order-in-Council<\/a>\tbanned immigration from India in 1907. The government also introduced restrictive immigration laws in 1906, 1910 and 1919 to control European immigration. Between 1896 and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Second World War<\/a>,\r\n\tFrench Canadian nationalists charged that large-scale immigration (particularly since little of it was French-speaking) was an English Canadian plot to undermine the status of French Canada.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tImmigration was not as significant a public issue in Qu\u00e9bec as it was in Ontario and the West because so few immigrants settled there. However, by 1914 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Jews<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">Montr\u00e9al<\/a>\twere the victims of strong <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/anti-semitism\/\">anti-Semitism<\/a>, much of it stemming from the religious bias of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/french-canadian-nationalism\/\">French Canadian Nationalism<\/a>.\r\n\tJews were depicted as exploiters, as threats to Christian morality and civilization, and as symbols of the evils of internationalism, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/liberalism\/\">Liberalism<\/a>, bolshevism, materialism and urban\r\n\tlife.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tPublic controversies involving both the French and British in Montr\u00e9al emerged over the Jews' place in the denominationally-based school system and over Sunday-closing legislation. Antagonism toward Jews was expressed by occasional cemetery desecrations\r\n\tand street fights. The French Canadian hostility toward Jewish immigration was paralleled by the hostility of ultra-Protestants in English-speaking Canada. This group regarded <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">Catholic<\/a>\timmigrants from Europe as subservient tools of Rome and potential political allies of French Canadian Catholics.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThe ethnic stereotypes of turn-of-the-century Canada emphasized the peasant origins of central, eastern and southern Europeans and Asians. It depicted immigrants as poor, illiterate, diseased, morally lax, politically corrupt and religiously deficient.\r\n\tThe alleged tendency of central and southern Europeans for drink, violence and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/crime\/\">crime<\/a> and of the Chinese for drugs, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/gambling\/\">gambling<\/a>\tand white women were powerful and popular images with the dominant society. Ethnic slurs were widely used in the pre-1950s era.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Wartime Persecution <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tDiscrimination was one of the factors that led to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/vertical-mosaic\/\">vertical mosaic<\/a> of occupations and incomes in Canada. People of British descent were at the top and so on down to Chinese\r\n\tand Black Canadians who occupied the most menial jobs. Non-British and non-French groups had very little economic power, and they did not begin to make any significant inroads into the middle echelons of politics, education or the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-service\/\">public service<\/a>\tuntil after the Second World War (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/elites\/\">Elites<\/a>).\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThe levels of prejudice and discrimination against non-white minorities reached comparable levels for white immigrants only during periods of intense <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/nationalism\/\">nationalism<\/a> generated by war.\r\n\tDuring the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">First World War<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\">Germans<\/a> and immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian Empire were\r\n\tvictims of prejudice and persecution. \"Enemy aliens\" were dismissed from their jobs. Some were placed under police surveillance or in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/internment\/\">internment camps<\/a>. Their language schools and\r\n\tmany of their churches were closed; their newspapers were first censored and then gradually suppressed; and during the war, rioting soldiers and civilians attacked the premises of German clubs and German-owned businesses. Loyalty and cultural and linguistic\r\n\tuniformity were assumed to be synonymous.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tOpposition to pacifist religious sects also intensified during the war. It eventually led to a 1919 order-in-council (rescinded during the 1920s) that specifically barred the entry of members of these groups into the country. From 1919 to 1953 Doukhobors\r\n\tin BC were denied the right to vote, and this prohibition was extended to the federal level from 1934 to 1955. The return of First World War veterans, and the postwar economic depression, brought hostility toward pacifist sects to a peak and contributed\r\n\tto beliefs that immigrant political radicals posed a threat to Canadian life. Slavic immigrants were no longer perceived as \"stolid peasants\u201d, but as dangerous revolutionaries.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tBy the early 1920s, central, southern and eastern European immigrants were officially classified among the \"non-preferred\" and restricted categories of immigrants. In the mid-1920s, however, in response to public pressure, the federal government loosened\r\n\trestrictions on immigration from Europe as a way of promoting economic development. During the late 1920s the federal government allowed more than 185,000 central and eastern Europeans and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\">Mennonites<\/a>\tinto Canada as farmers, farm labourers and domestics.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Backlash <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThis new wave of immigration re-awakened prejudices. Organizations such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">Ku Klux Klan<\/a> (KKK), the Native Sons of Canada and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/orange-order\/\">Orange Order<\/a>\tcriticized the new immigrants as a threat to Canada's \"Anglo-Saxon\" character. Several of the organizations, particularly the KKK, also opposed Catholic immigrants.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThe Klan began organizing in Montr\u00e9al, Ontario, BC and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/manitoba\/\">Manitoba<\/a> in the early 1920s. Its membership in Saskatchewan in the late 1920s reached 20,000. The Klan organized boycotts\r\n\tof Catholic businessmen, intimidated politicians who seemed sympathetic to French or Catholic interests, opposed federal immigration policy, opposed Catholic schools, and tried to prevent interracial and Catholic-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">Protestant<\/a>\tmarriages. The Klan was sufficiently powerful in Saskatchewan to contribute to the defeat of the Liberals in the 1929 provincial election.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tA vicious cycle of prejudice and discrimination became further entrenched during the 1930s. The discrimination that non-Anglo-Saxons encountered led them to support radical political movements such as communism (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/communist-party-of-canada\/\">Communist Party<\/a>)\r\n\tand <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fascism\/\">Fascism<\/a>, and this in turn reinforced discrimination against them. Between 1930 and 1935, Prime Minister <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/richard-bedford-viscount-bennett\/\">R.B. Bennett<\/a>\tused deportation as a way of thwarting support for the communists. In labour conflicts in western Canada and Ontario during the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/great-depression\/\">Great Depression<\/a>, a predominantly non-Anglo-Saxon\r\n\tworkforce was frequently pitted against an Anglo-Canadian management that attempted to destroy labour solidarity and discredit the strikers by stressing their foreign origins.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Second World War <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tDuring the 1930s Jews were targets of social discrimination, through informal residential restrictions, quotas in university professional schools, and exclusion from elite social clubs, beaches and resorts in Montr\u00e9al, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">Toronto<\/a>\tand <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">Winnipeg<\/a>. Anti-Semitism also influenced immigration policy. Canada closed its doors to Jewish immigrants at the time when they desperately needed refuge from Nazi persecution\r\n\tin Europe.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tDuring the Second World War, German and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">Italian Canadians<\/a>, and members of pacifist sects also encountered hostility. In rural BC during the 1920s and 1930s popular prejudice\r\n\tagainst the Doukhobors was reinforced by wartime attitudes. In 1942 the Alberta government passed a law banning all land sales to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hutterites\/\">Hutterites<\/a> for the duration of the war, and\r\n\tfrom 1947 to 1972 Alberta legislation restricted the amount of land Hutterite colonies could own, and the areas of the province into which they could expand.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tHostility toward Japanese Canadians both before and during the Second World War was sustained, widespread and intense, especially in BC. Waves of anti-Japanese sentiment swept BC in 1937-38, 1940 and 1941-42. The assault by Japan on Pearl Harbour ignited\r\n\tviolent hostility toward Japanese Canadians. In February 1942 the federal government ordered all Japanese to evacuate the Pacific coast area. Some 22,000 Japanese Canadians were relocated to the interior of BC and to other provinces, where they continued\r\n\tto encounter racial prejudice. The government sold their property to preclude their return at the end of the war. By 1945 the government was also encouraging Japanese Canadians to seek voluntary deportation to Japan, and after the war these deportation\r\n\tplans proceeded. Pressure from civil rights groups finally led in 1947 to the elimination of the deportation orders, partial compensation for property losses, and in 1949 an end to the restrictions that prevented Japanese from returning to the coast.\r\n\t(See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/civil-liberties\/\">Civil Liberties<\/a>.)\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tA number of developments during and after the war also undermined certain prejudices against various minority groups. Chinese and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\">Ukrainian<\/a> Canadians won new respectability\r\n\tthrough their support for the war effort. The involvement of all levels of society in wartime industries undermined social barriers. And revulsion against Hitler and Nazism eventually prompted reactions against Hitler's concept of a superior race, and\r\n\tagainst public expressions of anti-Semitism.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tCanada's signing of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/united-nations\/\">United Nations<\/a> charter in 1944 and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 brought Canada's discriminatory policies into glaring focus. Following\r\n\tintense lobbying by Asian groups and an increasingly sympathetic public, Asians were finally given the vote in Canada (South Asians and Chinese in 1947, Japanese in 1949). The ban on Chinese and South Asian immigration was repealed, although only wives\r\n\tand children of existing Canadian citizens were eligible for immigration.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Legacy <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tImmigration after 1945 was still biased in favour of Europeans, although the government allowed a small quota of immigrants from India, Pakistan and Ceylon (1951). Postwar immigrants were better accepted, partly because many were educated and skilled.\r\n\tProbably the main reason behind the new tolerance toward immigrants in the 1950s and 1960s \u2014 exemplified by the passage of provincial <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/human-rights\/\">human rights<\/a> bills and codes, the federal\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-bill-of-rights\/\">Canadian Bill of Rights<\/a> (1960), and the creation of human rights commissions \u2014 was the erosion of the assumptions and respectability of Anglo-Saxon racism. This resulted\r\n\tfrom a revulsion against Hitler's racism, the decline of Britain as a world power, and the growth of the American civil rights movement. The prosperity of the 1950s and 1960s facilitated the upward socio-economic mobility of second- and third-generation\r\n\tnon-Anglo-Saxon Canadians. It also helped weaken the fairly rigid relationship between class and ethnicity.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThe recommendations of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/royal-commission-on-bilingualism-and-biculturalism\/\">Bilingualism and Biculturalism Commission<\/a> and the introduction of a more just <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">Immigration Policy<\/a>\tin the 1960s \u2014 as well as the increasing globalization of the 1970s \u2014 resulted in a shift from largely European immigration to a greater inflow of Asian immigrants. The 1971 census showed that about 95 per cent of the Canadian population comprised those\r\n\tof European heritage, and it was hard to find more than five per cent who could be considered non-European. Only 25 years later in 1996, the non-European, non-white <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">visible minority<\/a> population had doubled to 11 per cent.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>Indigenous Experience <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tAttitudes toward Indigenous peoples in the 19th and 20th centuries paralleled in many ways those toward immigrants and other ethnic groups. Treatment of Indigenous peoples, however, was tempered by their special standing and legal status embodied in the\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">treaties<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/indian-act\/\"><em>Indian Act<\/em><\/a>, which fostered a paternalistic approach by governments that\r\n\thas not yet entirely ended.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThe pre-Confederation notion of Indigenous peoples as military allies or partners in the fur trade was gradually supplanted by the view of them as backward stumbling blocks to progress. Governments isolated them on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-reserves\/\">reserves<\/a>\tand, in conjunction with the major Christian denominations, attempted to assimilate them through the introduction of European agriculture, education and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/christianity\/\">Christianity<\/a>. Although\r\n\tmany Indigenous children received educations in government funded, church-run <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/residential-schools\/\">residential schools<\/a>, thousands were also abused, sometimes physically and sexually, and many\r\n\tmore lost their language and culture in the schools. As with the new immigrants, it was thought that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-languages\/\">Indigenous languages<\/a> and cultures must be eradicated and\r\n\tthat they would have to be assimilated into a superior way of life.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tTo the consternation of government <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indian\/\">Indian<\/a> agents and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/missions-and-missionaries\/\">missionaries<\/a>, Indigenous people were\r\n\toccasionally encouraged to display their culture for visiting dignitaries or at local fairs, but these displays were viewed as quaint remnants of the past rather than as an integral part of the developing Canadian society. Ironically, during the First\r\n\tWorld War the government, in order to increase enlistments, began to encourage the warrior ethic among Indigenous people in Canada which it had been trying for decades to suppress (<em>see <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-peoples-and-the-world-wars\/\">Indigenous Peoples and the World Wars<\/a>).\r\n\tThis ended quickly at war's end, as the federal authorities expected Indigenous veterans to return to the same inferior legal, political, social and economic status that they had endured before the war. Like most non-white immigrants, Indigenous peoples\r\n\tcould not vote, were relegated to the bottom rungs of the economic order and were socially stigmatized (<em>see <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-suffrage\/\">Indigenous Suffrage<\/a>).\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThrough the interwar period, Indigenous people ceased to be major points of public debate. Their powerlessness, lack of economic competition and geographic isolation contributed to their absence from public attention. Unlike Asian and Black people, who were\r\n\tlargely excluded from coming to Canada during this period, Indigenous people could obviously not be excluded from the country.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThe post-Second World War period led to new developments in Indigenous relations that paralleled some of the changing attitudes toward immigrants and non-British and non-French ethnic groups. Indigenous peoples gradually became more educated and better\r\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-political-organization-and-activism\/\">organized<\/a>, and a number of Indigenous spokespeople began to challenge their second-class status. In 1960 the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/john-diefenbaker\/\">Diefenbaker<\/a>\tgovernment ended the discriminatory measure that prevented Indigenous peoples from voting federally. The public became more sensitive to Indigenous values and culture. Assimilation programs came into disrepute and governments began to promote pride of\r\n\tancestry, social and economic advancement, and language and cultural retention for both immigrant minorities and Indigenous peoples. One turning point was the strong opposition to the federal government's <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/white-paper\/\">White Paper <\/a>of\r\n\t1969, which proposed to terminate Indigenous peoples' special status. In response to this opposition, the federal government disavowed its assimilationist policy.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tAs they increasingly moved to urban centres after the 1950s, Indigenous people still encountered prejudice and discrimination in housing, restaurants and other public facilities; however, human rights legislation offered some recourse. Governments professed\r\n\ta desire for new approaches in dealing with Indigenous people, and the protracted discussions over <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/land-claims\/\">land claims<\/a> and a new constitutional status were accompanied by public support\r\n\tfor Indigenous claims.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tToday Indigenous people still suffer psychologically from the effects of historical wrongs. Many also still encounter prejudice and discrimination in their daily lives. Indigenous culture is now celebrated fairly widely in society, a federal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/truth-and-reconciliation-commission\/\">Truth and Reconciliation Commission<\/a>\tworked to redress the wrongs of residential schools, and many Indigenous peoples \u2014 including the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/inuit\/\">Inuit<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nunavut\/\">Nunavut<\/a>,\r\n\tthe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nisgaa\/\">Nisga'a<\/a> of BC and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/gwichin\/\">Gwich'in<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/northwest-territories\/\">Northwest Territories<\/a>\t\u2014 now enjoy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-self-government\/\">self-government<\/a> and territorial ownership within the Canadian nation.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<blockquote><p>\r\n\t<iframe sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-popups\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"185\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.radiopublic.com\/e?if=the-secret-life-of-canada-Ww0QnZ&amp;ge=s1!c5e85b6b1ca74ec97c36fd6d608704fc34d10cd3\"><\/iframe>\r\n<br>\r\n<\/p><p> <\/p>Many Canadians may not have heard of Madhu Verma but her almost fifty years of social activism has greatly shaped the current landscape of Fredericton, N.B. and Canada's East Coast.<span style=\"font-family: \" gotham=\"\" ssm=\"\" a\",=\"\" \"gotham=\"\" b\",=\"\" \"helvetica=\"\" neue\",=\"\" arial,=\"\" sans-serif;=\"\" font-size:=\"\" 15px;\"=\"\"><\/span><p><b>Note<\/b>: <i>The Secret Life of Canada<\/i> is hosted and written by Falen Johnson and Leah Simone Bowen and is a CBC original podcast independent of <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia<\/i>. <\/p>\r\n <p><\/p><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n<h3> Diversity or Melting Pot? <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\tHow Canadian society treats its ethnic minorities is based in part on expectations about what should happen to minorities or immigrants. Assimilationists expect that all people should fuse in a cultural \"melting pot.\" Pluralists, on the other hand, see\r\n\tdifferentiation as the legitimate right of minorities. Questions arise about the rights of members of a society to extend their political and religious diversity to ethnic pluralism. In Canada such a legal right had been originally extended to the two\r\n\tfounding peoples (British and French). By 1982 the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">Charter of Rights and Freedoms<\/a> extended equality and freedoms to others as well.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tIn 1991, the Angus Reid polling organization asked Canadians to what extent they favoured diversity. A majority said they favoured a federal policy that promotes and ensures equality, eliminates racial discrimination in education, health care and the\r\n\tjustice system, helps police improve services and helps new immigrants acquire the skills to integrate into the economy and society.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tThe Ethnic Diversity Survey (2003), conducted by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/statistics-canada\/\">Statistics Canada<\/a>, studied the ethnic and cultural backgrounds of people in Canada. It reported that 93 per cent of Canadians\r\n\thad never, or rarely, experienced discrimination or unfair treatment because of their ethno-cultural characteristics. However, of those who did report discrimination, the respondents were more likely to be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">visible minorities<\/a>, and were more likely to\r\n\tbe recent immigrants rather than second and third generation Canadians.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\tNumerous studies concerning sexual orientation, gender, racism, human rights, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-rights\/\">Indigenous rights<\/a>, ethnicity and justice have also been published since 2000. Before the\r\n\t1990s, Canadian society was overwhelmingly comprised of individuals of white European descent. By 2001 the proportion of visible minorities had increased to 13.4 per cent, and by 2006 visible minorities comprised 16.2 per cent of the population. In 2011,\r\n\tthe National Household Survey showed that 19 per cent of Canadians were visible minorities \u2014 with about 14.4 million people expected to be visible minorities by 2031.\r\n<\/p>","slug":"prejudice-and-discrimination","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"en","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2011-02-11T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-12-12T21:20:53.000000Z"},{"id":"68a291de-b9b6-42cb-9a3e-18e45397f4f7","article_id":"87431","title":"Pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et discrimination au Canada","summary":"Le terme \u00ab pr\u00e9jug\u00e9 \u00bb d\u00e9signe un jugement n\u00e9gatif non confirm\u00e9 port\u00e9 a priori sur des gens ou des groupes en raison notamment de leur ethnicit\u00e9, de leur religion ou de leur race.","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/53fa1c39-873e-4b13-ad8f-64872464d594.jpg\" title=\"Komagata Maru\" alt=\"Komagata Maru\"><br><\/div><div><figcaption>En 1914, l'arriv\u00e9e du \u00ab Komagata Maru \u00bb \u00e0 Vancouver, avec \u00e0 son bord des immigrants des Indes orientales, provoque de violentes manifestations \u00e0 Vancouver. R\u00e9sultat : on leur refuse l'autorisation de s\u00e9jour.<\/figcaption><figcaption class=\"source\">(avec la permission de la Vancouver Public Library)<\/figcaption><\/div><div><br><figcaption>En 1914, l'arriv\u00e9e du \\u00ab Komagata Maru \\u00bb \\u00e0 Vancouver, avec \\u00e0 son bord des immigrants des Indes orientales, provoque de violentes manifestations \\u00e0 Vancouver. R\u00e9sultat : on leur refuse l'autorisation de s\u00e9jour (avec la permission de la Vancouver Public Library).<\/figcaption><\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Le terme \u00ab pr\u00e9jug\u00e9 \u00bb d\u00e9signe un jugement n\u00e9gatif non confirm\u00e9 port\u00e9 a priori sur des gens ou des groupes en raison notamment de leur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ethnic-identity\/\">ethnicit\u00e9<\/a>, de leur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/religion\/\">religion<\/a> ou de leur race (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/racism\/\">Racisme<\/a>). La discrimination est l'exclusion d'individus ou de groupes d'une participation sociale enti\u00e8re en raison de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s. Bien que les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et la discrimination existent depuis fort longtemps au Canada, des efforts ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s au cours des derni\u00e8res g\u00e9n\u00e9rations pour faire du pays une mosa\u00efque de peuples et de cultures. La constitution garantit l'\u00e9galit\u00e9 au moyen de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">Charte des droits et libert\u00e9s<\/a>.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3><strong>D\u00e9but de la colonisation <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au Canada, les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s existent depuis les d\u00e9buts de la colonisation. En effet, les relations entre les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">Autochtones<\/a> et les colonisateurs europ\u00e9ens arriv\u00e9s en Am\u00e9rique du Nord au cours des XVII<sup>e<\/sup> et XVIII<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cles sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 marqu\u00e9es par des pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s. Les Europ\u00e9ens entretiennent une vision complexe et ambivalente \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des Autochtones, certains les consid\u00e9rant comme de \u00ab nobles sauvages \u00bb et d'autres, comme des barbares inhumains. Malgr\u00e9 les diff\u00e9rences importantes qui caract\u00e9risent les relations entre <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-french-relations\/\">Autochtones et Fran\u00e7ais<\/a> et celles entre Autochtones et Britanniques avant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/confederation\/\">conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/a>, dans les deux cas, les int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fur-trade\/\">traite des fourrures<\/a> permettent d'instaurer des relations de travail acceptables entre les colonisateurs et les Autochtones. Cependant, l'expansion de la colonisation entra\u00eene une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de ces liens, car les Autochtones sont peu \u00e0 peu per\u00e7us comme \u00e9tant un obstacle au d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique plut\u00f4t qu'un appui.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t \u00c0 la suite de la cr\u00e9ation des premi\u00e8res colonies europ\u00e9ennes et de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">conqu\u00eate<\/a> britannique de 1759-1760, et en raison de l'isolement g\u00e9ographique des populations autochtones, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\">relations entre les Autochtones et les Blancs<\/a> perdent graduellement de leur importance par rapport \u00e0 celles qui existent entre les puissances coloniales. La coop\u00e9ration et les rivalit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques, politiques, sociales et religieuses entre les colons fran\u00e7ais et britanniques fa\u00e7onnent une grande partie du d\u00e9veloppement du Canada depuis les ann\u00e9es 1750. Il existe des pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et de la discrimination dans les deux camps. Toutefois, puisqu'ils partagent une culture occidentale bas\u00e9e sur la technologie, la nature de leurs relations et les genres de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et de discrimination qui les caract\u00e9risent sont fort diff\u00e9rents de ceux qui marquent les rapports entre les Autochtones et les colons.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3><strong>Arriv\u00e9e d'immigrants<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au Canada, le nombre de personnes d'origine autre que britannique, fran\u00e7aise ou autochtone reste limit\u00e9 jusqu'\u00e0 l'arriv\u00e9e de vagues d'immigrants, surtout dans l'Ouest, \u00e0 la fin du XIX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle. La plupart des Canadiens anglophones consid\u00e8rent cette immigration non britannique et non fran\u00e7aise avant tout comme un moyen d'acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique du pays. Toutefois, d'autres s'inqui\u00e8tent de l'impact social et \u00e9conomique de cette immigration non britannique et s'opposent \u00e0 une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">politique d'immigration<\/a> ouverte. Le Canada fran\u00e7ais s'y oppose en faisant valoir qu'une telle politique minerait davantage son statut \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration. La plupart des Canadiens anglophones partagent les m\u00eames pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s en ce qui a trait aux avantages relatifs qu'apportent les diff\u00e9rents groupes d'immigrants.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t \u00c0 la fin du XIX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et au d\u00e9but du XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, la croyance en l'avancement et en la supr\u00e9matie de la race blanche est prise pour acquis en Occident. Bon nombre de Canadiens anglophones estiment que les peuples anglo-saxons et les principes britanniques de gouvernement constituent le sommet de l'<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/evolution\/\">\u00e9volution<\/a> biologique et que la grandeur du Canada repose sur son h\u00e9ritage anglo-saxon (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/imperialism\/\">Imp\u00e9rialisme<\/a>). Leur \u00e9valuation de la d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 d'un groupe d\u00e9pend donc presque directement du degr\u00e9 de conformit\u00e9 de ses membres par rapport au type physique et \u00e0 la culture britannique. Les immigrants britanniques et am\u00e9ricains sont au sommet de l'\u00e9chelle. Viennent ensuite les immigrants de l'ouest et du nord de l'Europe, ceux de l'Europe centrale et orientale, puis les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Juifs<\/a> et les immigrants du sud de l'Europe. Presque au bas de cette \u00e9chelle hi\u00e9rarchique, on trouve les sectes religieuses pacifistes, notamment les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/hutterites\/\">hutt\u00e9rites<\/a> et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/mennonites\/\">mennonites<\/a> de langue allemande, et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/doukhobors\/\">doukhobors<\/a> parlant le russe. Ces derniers groupes sont regroup\u00e9s sous une m\u00eame \u00e9tiquette, tant par les fonctionnaires que par le grand public. Leur isolation sociale rend leur int\u00e9gration probl\u00e9matique, leur z\u00e8le au travail et leur sens de l'\u00e9conomie en font de redoutables concurrents commerciaux, et leur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/pacifism\/\">pacifisme<\/a> soul\u00e8ve des doutes quant \u00e0 leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le Canada.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>Exp\u00e9rience noire et asiatique <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Tout au bas de l'\u00e9chelle, on trouve les Noirs et les immigrants asiatiques, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Chinois<\/a>, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/japanese-canadians\/\">Canadiens d'origine japonaise<\/a> et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/south-asians\/\">Asiatiques du Sud<\/a>. On les consid\u00e8re comme inf\u00e9rieurs et non assimilables. Les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">Canadiens de race noire<\/a> font l'objet de nombreux pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s avant la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration. Bien que plusieurs s'y opposent, l'<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/slavery\/\">esclavage<\/a> est pratiqu\u00e9 en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/new-france\/\">Nouvelle-France<\/a> et en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/british-north-america\/\">Am\u00e9rique du Nord britannique<\/a>. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1860, on compte 40 000 Noirs au Canada, parmi lesquels on trouve des descendants d'esclaves en Nouvelle-France, des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/loyalists\/\">Loyalistes<\/a>, des Marrons jama\u00efcains, des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s am\u00e9ricains de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/war-of-1812\/\">guerre de 1812<\/a> et des fugitifs venus dans le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/upper-canada\/\">Haut-Canada<\/a> pour \u00e9chapper \u00e0 l'esclavage.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Bon nombre de Canadiens s'opposent \u00e0 l'esclavage pour des raisons d'ordre moral et viennent en aide aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en provenance des \u00c9tats-Unis. Toutefois, beaucoup d'autres craignent l'arriv\u00e9e de colons noirs, car, \u00e0 leur avis, ils sont arri\u00e9r\u00e9s, ignorants, immoraux, criminels et repr\u00e9sentent une menace \u00e9conomique. On les traite avant tout comme une source de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre bon march\u00e9. \u00c0 la suite de l'abolition d\u00e9finitive de l'esclavage dans l'Empire britannique en 1833, les Noirs canadiens rencontrent moins d'obstacles juridiques, mais continuent de se heurter \u00e0 de nombreux pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s sociaux.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Les Asiatiques sont victimes de l'une des formes les plus r\u00e9pandues de discrimination l\u00e9gale alors qu'ils s'\u00e9tablissent en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/british-columbia\/\">Colombie-Britannique<\/a>, o\u00f9 pr\u00e9domine un sentiment antiasiatique entre les ann\u00e9es 1850 et les ann\u00e9es 1950. Ils sont per\u00e7us comme \u00e9tant diff\u00e9rents et inf\u00e9rieurs. Les syndicats pr\u00e9tendent que les Asiatiques prennent les emplois des Blancs et qu'ils abaissent le niveau de vie de tous les travailleurs, car ils acceptent de travailler pour un salaire moindre que les travailleurs blancs. La plupart des syndicats ne permettent pas aux Asiatiques de joindre leurs rangs. De plus, les employeurs ont pour politique de les payer moins que les autres travailleurs.<\/p><p><iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CWJAqxJWY1A\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><\/iframe><br><\/p><p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t En Colombie-Britannique, en raison d'une l\u00e9gislation et de pratiques sociales discriminatoires, les Chinois, les Japonais et les Asiatiques du Sud ne peuvent voter, \u00eatre membres du barreau ou pharmaciens, \u00eatre \u00e9lus \u00e0 des fonctions publiques, \u00eatre jur\u00e9s ou obtenir un poste rattach\u00e9 aux travaux publics, \u00e0 l'enseignement ou \u00e0 la fonction publique. L'opinion publique s'exprime sur la question de l'immigration asiatique \u00e0 l'occasion de plusieurs \u00e9meutes violentes dirig\u00e9es contre les Chinois et les Asiatiques. Les plus s\u00e9rieuses se produisent \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/vancouver\/\">Vancouver<\/a> en 1887 et en 1907. Des groupes antiasiatiques tentent \u00e9galement \u00e0 plusieurs reprises d'exclure les Asiatiques des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-school\/\">\u00e9coles publiques<\/a>, de limiter la vente de terrains \u00e0 des Asiatiques et de restreindre de fa\u00e7on stricte le nombre de permis d\u00e9livr\u00e9s aux p\u00eacheurs japonais. En 1892 et en 1907, des \u00e9meutes antichinoises moins importantes surviennent en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/alberta\/\">Alberta<\/a>, au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/quebec\/\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>, en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/nova-scotia\/\">Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse<\/a> et en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/saskatchewan\/\">Saskatchewan<\/a> au moment o\u00f9 ces provinces adoptent des lois interdisant aux femmes de race blanche de travailler dans des restaurants, des blanchisseries ou toute autre entreprise commerciale appartenant \u00e0 des Canadiens d'origine chinoise ou japonaise.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t \u00c0 la fin du XIX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle et dans la premi\u00e8re partie du XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, les Noirs sont \u00e9galement la cible d'une discrimination largement r\u00e9pandue dans les domaines du logement, de l'emploi et de l'acc\u00e8s aux services publics. Ils ont de la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre servis dans les h\u00f4tels et les restaurants ou \u00e0 \u00eatre accept\u00e9s dans les th\u00e9\u00e2tres et les piscines. En outre, ils sont parfois confin\u00e9s \u00e0 des \u00e9coles s\u00e9par\u00e9es, particuli\u00e8rement en Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse et en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/ontario\/\">Ontario<\/a> o\u00f9 ils sont en plus grand nombre. La discrimination contre les Noirs d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e8re \u00e0 l'occasion en actes de violence. Lors des deux guerres mondiales, les unit\u00e9s des forces arm\u00e9es sont r\u00e9ticentes \u00e0 accepter dans leurs rangs des Noirs, des Chinois, des Japonais et des Asiatiques du Sud,ce qui n'emp\u00eache pas certains membres de ces groupes de servir finalement le pays.<\/p><p><iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/q7epsG2p5Aw\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><\/iframe><br><\/p><p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>D\u00e9but du XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au m\u00eame moment, l'immigration chinoise est ralentie au moyen d'une taxe d'entr\u00e9e, puis interrompue avec la promulgation, en 1923, de la <em>Loi de l'immigration chinoise<\/em>. En 1907, un engagement d'honneur est conclu avec le Japon afin de restreindre l'immigration en provenance de ce pays. La m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/order-in-council\/\">d\u00e9cret<\/a> interdit l'immigration en provenance de l'Inde. Le gouvernement adopte aussi des lois restrictives sur l'immigration en 1906, en 1910 et en 1919 pour limiter l'immigration europ\u00e9enne. De 1896 \u00e0 la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale<\/a>, des nationalistes canadiens-fran\u00e7ais qualifient l'immigration \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle de complot canado-britannique visant \u00e0 \u00e9roder le statut du Canada fran\u00e7ais, surtout parce que l\u2019on compte tr\u00e8s peu de francophones parmi les immigrants.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t L'immigration n'est pas un sujet aussi br\u00fblant au Qu\u00e9bec qu'en Ontario ou dans l'Ouest \u00e0 cause du peu d'immigrants qui s'y \u00e9tablissent. Toutefois, en 1914, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">communaut\u00e9 juive<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/montreal\/\">Montr\u00e9al<\/a> est victime d'un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/anti-semitism\/\">antis\u00e9mitisme<\/a> virulent qui puise sa source en bonne partie dans les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s religieux du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/french-canadian-nationalism\/\">nationalisme canadien-fran\u00e7ais<\/a>. Les Juifs sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des exploiteurs, comme une menace \u00e0 la moralit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la civilisation chr\u00e9tiennes et sont le symbole des maux que repr\u00e9sentent l'internationalisme, le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/liberalism\/\">lib\u00e9ralisme<\/a>, le bolchevisme, le mat\u00e9rialisme et la vie urbaine.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Des controverses publiques impliquant des francophones et des anglophones de Montr\u00e9al \u00e9clatent au sujet de la place \u00e0 accorder aux Juifs \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du syst\u00e8me scolaire confessionnel et de la l\u00e9gislation touchant la fermeture des commerces le dimanche. L'opposition aux Juifs prend la forme de profanations de cimeti\u00e8res et de combats de rue occasionnels. L'hostilit\u00e9 des Canadiens fran\u00e7ais par rapport \u00e0 l'immigration juive fait pendant \u00e0 celle des ultra-protestants du Canada anglais \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des immigrants <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/catholicism\/\">catholiques<\/a> originaires d'Europe, qu'ils consid\u00e8rent comme des supp\u00f4ts de Rome et d'\u00e9ventuels alli\u00e9s politiques des Canadiens fran\u00e7ais catholiques.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au tournant du XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, les st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes ethniques en vogue au Canada font ressortir les origines paysannes des immigrants venus du centre, de l'est et du sud de l'Europe et des Asiatiques. On affirme alors qu'ils sont pauvres, illettr\u00e9s, porteurs de maladies, que leurs m\u0153urs sont rel\u00e2ch\u00e9es, qu'ils sont politiquement corrompus et peu pratiquants. La pr\u00e9dilection suppos\u00e9e des immigrants d'Europe centrale et m\u00e9ridionale pour l'alcool, la violence et le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/crime\/\">crime<\/a> et celle des Chinois pour les drogues, les jeux d'argent et les femmes blanches sont des images profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9es dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dominante. Les insultes \u00e0 caract\u00e8re ethnique sont fort r\u00e9pandues avant les ann\u00e9es 1950.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>Pers\u00e9cution en temps de guerre <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t La discrimination est l'un des facteurs qui engendre une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/vertical-mosaic\/\">mosa\u00efque verticale<\/a> des occupations et des revenus au Canada. Les Britanniques s'y trouvent au sommet alors que l\u2019on confie des emplois subalternes aux Chinois et aux Noirs, au bas des \u00e9chelons. Les groupes non britanniques et non fran\u00e7ais disposent d'une tr\u00e8s faible puissance \u00e9conomique, de sorte qu'ils ne parviennent \u00e0 effectuer de perc\u00e9es importantes au niveau des \u00e9chelons interm\u00e9diaires de la politique, de l'enseignement ou de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-service\/\">fonction publique<\/a> qu'apr\u00e8s la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/elites\/\">\u00c9lites<\/a>).\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Le degr\u00e9 de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et de discrimination \u00e0 l'endroit des immigrants de race blanche n'est \u00e9gal \u00e0 celui dont sont l'objet les minorit\u00e9s non blanches que lors des p\u00e9riodes de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/nationalism\/\">nationalisme<\/a> intense engendr\u00e9es par la guerre. Pendant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale<\/a>, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/german-canadians\/\">Allemands<\/a> et les immigrants originaires de l'Empire austro-hongrois sont victimes de pers\u00e9cutions et de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s. Les \u00ab \u00e9trangers ennemis \u00bb sont cong\u00e9di\u00e9s, certains sont plac\u00e9s sous surveillance polici\u00e8re ou gard\u00e9s \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/internment\/\">camps d'internement<\/a>. Leurs \u00e9coles de langue et beaucoup de leurs \u00e9glises sont ferm\u00e9es. On censure d'abord leurs journaux avant de les supprimer peu \u00e0 peu. Durant la guerre, des soldats et de civils \u00e9meutiers attaquent les locaux de clubs priv\u00e9s et d'entreprises appartenant \u00e0 des Allemands. On pr\u00e9sume que l'all\u00e9geance et l'uniformit\u00e9 culturelle et linguistique sont synonymes.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t L'opposition aux sectes religieuses pacifistes s'intensifie \u00e9galement pendant la guerre, pour aboutir, en 1919, \u00e0 un d\u00e9cret (abrog\u00e9 au cours des ann\u00e9es 1920) qui interdit sp\u00e9cifiquement l'entr\u00e9e au pays aux membres de ces groupes. De 1919 \u00e0 1953, les doukhobors de la Colombie-Britannique sont priv\u00e9s du droit de vote. La m\u00eame mesure est en vigueur au niveau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de 1934 \u00e0 1955. Le retour des anciens combattants de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale et la d\u00e9pression \u00e9conomique qui marque l'apr\u00e8s-guerre poussent l'hostilit\u00e9 contre ces sectes pacifistes \u00e0 son maximum et contribuent \u00e0 r\u00e9pandre l'id\u00e9e que le radicalisme politique des immigrants constitue une menace \u00e0 la vie nationale. On cesse de percevoir les immigrants d'origine slave comme \u00ab d'impassibles paysans \u00bb et on les consid\u00e8re comme de dangereux r\u00e9volutionnaires.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1920, on classe officiellement les immigrants originaires d'Europe centrale, m\u00e9ridionale et orientale \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur des cat\u00e9gories d'immigrants \u00ab non pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentielles \u00bb et \u00ab restreintes \u00bb. Toutefois, au milieu des ann\u00e9es 1920, en r\u00e9action aux pressions publiques, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral assouplit les restrictions sur l'immigration en provenance d'Europe de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 favoriser le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique. \u00c0 la fin de la d\u00e9cennie, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral permet \u00e0 plus de 185 000 immigrants originaires de l'Europe orientale et centrale et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/mennonites\/\">mennonites<\/a> de s'installer au Canada pour travailler comme agriculteurs, ouvriers agricoles et domestiques.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>R\u00e9actions d\u00e9favorables <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Cette nouvelle vague d'immigration ravive les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s. Des organisations telles que le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">Ku Klux Klan<\/a> (KKK), les Fils natifs du Canada et l'<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/orange-order\/\">Ordre d'Orange<\/a> prennent \u00e0 partie les nouveaux immigrants en qui elles voient une menace au caract\u00e8re \u00ab anglo-saxon \u00bb du Canada. Plusieurs de ces organisations, surtout le KKK, s'opposent aussi \u00e0 la venue d'immigrants catholiques.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1920, le Klan commence \u00e0 s'organiser \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, en Ontario, en Colombie-Britannique et au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/manitoba\/\">Manitoba<\/a>. Vers la fin de la d\u00e9cennie, le nombre de ses adh\u00e9rents en Saskatchewan atteint 20 000. Le Klan incite au boycottage des hommes d\u2019affaires catholiques, intimide des politiciens qui paraissent favorables aux int\u00e9r\u00eats fran\u00e7ais ou catholiques, s'oppose \u00e0 la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale sur l'immigration, lutte contre les \u00e9coles catholiques et tente d'emp\u00eacher les mariages interraciaux et ceux entre catholiques et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/protestantism\/\">protestants<\/a>. Le Klan acquiert suffisamment d'autorit\u00e9 en Saskatchewan pour contribuer \u00e0 la d\u00e9faite des lib\u00e9raux lors de l'\u00e9lection provinciale de 1929.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Un cercle vicieux fait de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et de discrimination prend davantage forme durant les ann\u00e9es 1930. La discrimination qui touche les non Anglo-Saxons les incite \u00e0 appuyer des mouvements politiques radicaux, par exemple le communisme (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/communist-party-of-canada\/\">Parti Communiste du Canada<\/a>) et le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fascism\/\">fascisme<\/a>, ce qui a pour effet d'accro\u00eetre la discrimination \u00e0 leur endroit. Entre 1930 et 1935, le premier ministre <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/richard-bedford-viscount-bennett\/\">R.B. Bennett<\/a> a recours \u00e0 la d\u00e9portation pour contrecarrer les appuis dont b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient les communistes. \u00c0 l'occasion de conflits de travail qui s\u00e9vissent dans l'ouest du Canada et en Ontario pendant la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/great-depression\/\">grande d\u00e9pression<\/a>, les forces ouvri\u00e8res \u00e0 pr\u00e9dominance non anglo-saxonne sont souvent aux prises avec une administration anglo-canadienne qui s'efforce de d\u00e9truire la solidarit\u00e9 ouvri\u00e8re et de jeter le discr\u00e9dit sur les gr\u00e9vistes en \u00e9voquant leurs origines \u00e9trang\u00e8res.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au cours des ann\u00e9es 1930, les Juifs sont victimes de discrimination sociale. Elle prend la forme de restrictions officieuses en mati\u00e8re de logement, de contingents dans les facult\u00e9s universitaires et d'exclusion des clubs sociaux, des plages et des endroits de vill\u00e9giature r\u00e9serv\u00e9s \u00e0 l'\u00e9lite \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/toronto\/\">Toronto<\/a> et \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/winnipeg\/\">Winnipeg<\/a>. L'antis\u00e9mitisme influence aussi les politiques d'immigration du pays. Le Canada ferme ses portes aux immigrants juifs au moment o\u00f9 ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment \u00e0 la recherche d'un refuge pour fuir la pers\u00e9cution nazie en Europe.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Pendant la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale, les Germano-Canadiens, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">Italo-Canadiens<\/a> et les membres de sectes pacifistes font aussi face \u00e0 de l'hostilit\u00e9 \u00e0 leur \u00e9gard. Dans les r\u00e9gions rurales de la Colombie-Britannique au cours des ann\u00e9es 1920 et 1930, les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s populaires \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des doukhobors sont renforc\u00e9s par les attitudes engendr\u00e9es par la guerre. En 1942, le gouvernement de l'Alberta vote une loi interdisant toute vente de terrain aux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/hutterites\/\">hutt\u00e9rites<\/a> pour la dur\u00e9e de la guerre. De 1947 \u00e0 1972, il promulgue des restrictions relatives \u00e0 la quantit\u00e9 de terrains que peuvent poss\u00e9der les colonies hutt\u00e9rites et aux r\u00e9gions de la province dans lesquelles on leur permet de se d\u00e9velopper.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t L'hostilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des Canadiens d'origine japonaise, tant avant que pendant la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale, est continue, r\u00e9pandue et profonde, particuli\u00e8rement en Colombie-Britannique. Des vagues de sentiments antijaponais d\u00e9ferlent sur la province en 1937-1938, en 1940 et en 1941-1942. L'attaque de Pearl Harbor par le Japon d\u00e9clenche un violent courant d'hostilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'endroit des Canadiens d'origine japonaise. En f\u00e9vrier 1942, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral oblige tous les Japonais \u00e0 quitter la c\u00f4te du Pacifique. Quelque 22 000 Canadiens d'origine japonaise sont relog\u00e9s loin de la c\u00f4te en Colombie-Britannique et dans d'autres provinces, o\u00f9 ils continuent \u00e0 souffrir de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s raciaux. Le gouvernement vend leurs biens pour emp\u00eacher leur retour \u00e0 la fin de la guerre. En 1945, le gouvernement encourage \u00e9galement les Canadiens d'origine japonaise \u00e0 demander leur d\u00e9portation, et apr\u00e8s la guerre, il donne suite \u00e0 ces projets. Des pressions consid\u00e9rables exerc\u00e9es par des groupes de d\u00e9fense des droits civils entra\u00eenent finalement, en 1947, le retrait des ordres de d\u00e9portation, la remise de compensations partielles pour les pertes de biens et, en 1949, l'annulation des restrictions qui emp\u00eachent les Japonais de retourner dans la r\u00e9gion du littoral (<em>voir<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/civil-liberties\/\">Libert\u00e9s civiles<\/a>).\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t N\u00e9anmoins, plusieurs \u00e9v\u00e9nements survenus pendant et apr\u00e8s la guerre \u00e9rodent certains pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des groupes minoritaires. Les Canadiens d'origine chinoise et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\">ukrainienne<\/a> acqui\u00e8rent une nouvelle respectabilit\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur appui \u00e0 l'effort de guerre. La participation de toutes les couches de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 aux industries de guerre \u00e9branle les barri\u00e8res sociales. De plus, la r\u00e9pugnance que suscitent Hitler et le nazisme entra\u00eene finalement une r\u00e9action contre le concept hitl\u00e9rien de sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 raciale et contre les manifestations publiques d'antis\u00e9mitisme.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t L'adh\u00e9sion du Canada \u00e0 la Charte de l'<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/united-nations\/\">Organisation des Nations unies<\/a>, en 1944, et \u00e0 la D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l'homme, en 1948, a pour effet d'\u00e9taler les politiques discriminatoires du Canada au grand jour. \u00c0 la suite de l'action \u00e9nergique de divers groupes de pression asiatiques et d'une opinion publique sans cesse plus favorable, on accorde finalement le droit de vote aux Asiatiques (les Asiatiques du Sud et les Chinois en 1947, les Japonais en 1949). De plus, on fait dispara\u00eetre l'interdiction qui touche l'immigration des Chinois et des Asiatiques du Sud, bien que seuls les enfants et les femmes de citoyens canadiens actuels soient autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 immigrer.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>H\u00e9ritage <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t L'immigration apr\u00e8s 1945 favorise encore les Europ\u00e9ens, m\u00eame si le gouvernement permet un l\u00e9ger contingent d'immigrants en provenance de l'Inde, du Pakistan et de Ceylan (1951). Les immigrants arriv\u00e9s apr\u00e8s la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale sont mieux accept\u00e9s, en partie parce que plusieurs d'entre eux sont plus instruits et poss\u00e8dent un m\u00e9tier. L'\u00e9clatement des postulats intellectuels et de la respectabilit\u00e9 sociale du racisme anglo-saxon est sans doute le facteur le plus important qui entra\u00eene une plus grande tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 l'endroit des immigrants des ann\u00e9es 1950 et 1960, avec pour cons\u00e9quence l'adoption de lois provinciales et de codes relatifs aux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/human-rights\/\">droits de la personne<\/a>, l'adoption par le f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-bill-of-rights\/\">D\u00e9claration canadienne des droits<\/a> (1960) et la cr\u00e9ation de commissions des droits de la personne. Ce changement d'attitude d\u00e9coule du d\u00e9go\u00fbt suscit\u00e9 par le racisme d'Hitler, du d\u00e9clin de la Grande-Bretagne en tant que puissance mondiale et de la mont\u00e9e des mouvements de droits civiques aux \u00c9tats-Unis. La prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 des ann\u00e9es 1950 et 1960 facilite la progression socio-\u00e9conomique des non Anglo-Saxons des deuxi\u00e8me et troisi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9rations et favorise l'affaiblissement du lien jusque-l\u00e0 plut\u00f4t rigide existant entre la classe et l'origine ethnique.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Dans les ann\u00e9es 1960, les recommandations de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/royal-commission-on-bilingualism-and-biculturalism\/\">Commission royale d'enqu\u00eate sur le bilinguisme et le biculturalisme<\/a> et l'instauration d'une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">politique d'immigration<\/a> plus juste, ainsi que la mondialisation croissante dans les ann\u00e9es 1970, entra\u00eenent le passage d'une immigration essentiellement europ\u00e9enne vers un plus grand afflux d'immigrants d'origine asiatique. Le recensement de 1971 d\u00e9montre que pr\u00e8s de 95 % de la population canadienne est d'origine europ\u00e9enne et qu'il est difficile de trouver plus de 5 % de personnes consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme non europ\u00e9ennes. Seulement 25 ans plus tard, en 1996, la population de non Europ\u00e9ens et de groupes de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/minorite-visible\">minorit\u00e9 visible<\/a> a doubl\u00e9 pour atteindre 11 %.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>Exp\u00e9rience autochtone <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Au cours des XIX<sup>e<\/sup> et XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cles, les attitudes envers les Autochtones suivent en bonne partie celles \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des immigrants et d'autres groupes ethniques. Toutefois, leur traitement est temp\u00e9r\u00e9 par leur situation unique et leur statut l\u00e9gal particulier, incarn\u00e9s dans les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">trait\u00e9s indiens<\/a> et la <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/indian-act\/\">Loi sur les Indiens<\/a><\/em> qui favorisent une approche paternaliste de la part des gouvernements, approche qui n'a pas encore compl\u00e8tement disparu.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Avant la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration, on consid\u00e8re les Autochtones comme des alli\u00e9s militaires ou des partenaires essentiels \u00e0 la traite des fourrures, mais, peu \u00e0 peu, on les consid\u00e8re comme un obstacle au progr\u00e8s. Les gouvernements les isolent dans des r\u00e9serves et, en accord avec les principales communaut\u00e9s chr\u00e9tiennes, essaient de les assimiler par l'instauration de l'agriculture et de l'\u00e9ducation de type europ\u00e9en ainsi que du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/christianity\/\">christianisme<\/a>. Bien que de nombreux enfants autochtones re\u00e7oivent une \u00e9ducation dans des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/residential-schools\/\">pensionnats<\/a> financ\u00e9s par le gouvernement et dirig\u00e9s par les \u00e9glises, des milliers d'entre eux sont victimes d'abus, parfois physiques et sexuels, et beaucoup plus d'entre eux perdent leur langue et leur culture dans ces \u00e9coles. Comme dans les cas des nouveaux immigrants, on estime qu'il est n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9liminer leur langue et leur culture et de les assimiler \u00e0 un mode de vie sup\u00e9rieur.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t \u00c0 la consternation des agents des Am\u00e9rindiens et des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/missions-and-missionaries\/\">missionnaires<\/a>, on encourage de temps en temps les Autochtones \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter leur culture aux visiteurs de marque ou lors de foires locales, mais ces d\u00e9monstrations sont per\u00e7ues comme des vestiges pittoresques du pass\u00e9 plut\u00f4t que comme une part int\u00e9grante de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne en \u00e9volution. Pendant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, ironiquement, pour faire augmenter le nombre d'engag\u00e9s, le gouvernement commence \u00e0 encourager le sentiment guerrier chez les Autochtones du Canada alors qu'il a tent\u00e9 de l'\u00e9liminer pendant des d\u00e9cennies. Toutefois, cet encouragement s'arr\u00eate rapidement \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, lorsque le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral s'attend \u00e0 ce que les anciens combattants d'origine autochtone retrouvent un statut inf\u00e9rieur sur le plan l\u00e9gal, politique, social et \u00e9conomique, similaire \u00e0 celui qu'ils avaient avant la guerre. Comme la majorit\u00e9 des immigrants qui ne sont pas Blancs, les Autochtones ne peuvent voter, sont rel\u00e9gu\u00e9s au bas de l'\u00e9chelle en mati\u00e8re d'\u00e9conomie et sont stigmatis\u00e9s sur le plan social.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Pendant l'entre-deux-guerres, les Autochtones cessent d'\u00eatre au c\u0153ur du d\u00e9bat public. En raison de leur impuissance, de leur manque de comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et de leur isolement g\u00e9ographique, ils n'attirent pas l'attention du public. \u00c0 la diff\u00e9rence des Asiatiques et des Noirs, qui sont largement exclus de l'immigration vers le Canada durant cette p\u00e9riode, les racistes ne peuvent \u00e9videmment pas exclure les Autochtones du pays. Leur statut de peuple indig\u00e8ne les prot\u00e8ge de certaines formes de nationalisme virulent que d'autres groupes ethniques doivent affronter.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t La p\u00e9riode qui suit la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre mondiale am\u00e8ne des am\u00e9liorations dans les relations avec les Autochtones qui vont de pair avec certains changements d'attitude envers les immigrants et les groupes ethniques autres que britanniques ou fran\u00e7ais. Les Autochtones sont de plus en plus instruits et de mieux en mieux <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/aboriginal-people-political-organization-and-activism\/\">organis\u00e9s<\/a>. De plus, un certain nombre de porte-parole autochtones commencent \u00e0 d\u00e9fier leur statut de deuxi\u00e8me classe. En 1960, le gouvernement de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/john-diefenbaker\/\">Diefenbaker<\/a> abolit la mesure discriminatoire qui emp\u00eache les Autochtones de voter aux \u00e9lections f\u00e9d\u00e9rales. Le public devient plus sensible aux valeurs des Autochtones et \u00e0 leur culture. Les programmes d'assimilation sont discr\u00e9dit\u00e9s, et les programmes gouvernementaux commencent \u00e0 promouvoir la fiert\u00e9 des racines, le progr\u00e8s \u00e9conomique et social ainsi que le maintien de la langue et de la culture pour les minorit\u00e9s immigr\u00e9es et les Autochtones. La forte opposition au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/white-paper\/\">livre blanc<\/a> de 1969 du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, qui propose de mettre un terme au statut particulier des Autochtones, repr\u00e9sente un tournant. En r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette opposition, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral d\u00e9savoue ses politiques d'assimilation.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Alors qu'ils s'\u00e9tablissent de plus en plus dans les centres urbains dans la p\u00e9riode apr\u00e8s 1950, les Autochtones se heurtent encore \u00e0 des pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et \u00e0 de la discrimination en mati\u00e8re de logement, dans les restaurants et autres lieux publics, mais ils ont des recours pour redresser la situation gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la l\u00e9gislation des droits de la personne. Les gouvernements professent le d\u00e9sir d'instaurer de nouvelles approches \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des Autochtones, et les discussions prolong\u00e9es au sujet des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/land-claims\/\">revendications territoriales<\/a> et d'un nouveau statut constitutionnel s'accompagnent d'un appui du public pour les revendications des Autochtones.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Aujourd'hui, les Autochtones souffrent encore sur le plan psychologique des effets des injustices du pass\u00e9. Bon nombre d'entre eux se heurtent encore aux pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et \u00e0 la discrimination dans leur vie quotidienne, mais moins que par le pass\u00e9. La culture autochtone est maintenant plut\u00f4t largement c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, une commission f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de v\u00e9rit\u00e9 et de r\u00e9conciliation vise \u00e0 corriger les torts caus\u00e9s par les pensionnats, et bon nombre de peuples autochtones, notamment les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/inuit\/\">Inuits<\/a> du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/nunavut\/\">Nunavut<\/a>, les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/nisgaa\/\">Nisga'a<\/a> de la Colombie-Britannique et les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/gwichin\/\">Gwich'in<\/a> des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/northwest-territories\/\">Territoires du Nord-Ouest<\/a>, jouissent maintenant d'une autonomie gouvernementale au sein du Canada et sont propri\u00e9taires de leurs territoires.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> <strong>Diversit\u00e9 ou creuset ethnique? <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\t La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne traite ses minorit\u00e9s ethniques en partie selon les attentes qu'elle a envers les minorit\u00e9s et les immigrants. D'un c\u00f4t\u00e9, les personnes en faveur de l'int\u00e9gration souhaitent que toutes les personnes s'int\u00e8grent dans un creuset culturel. De l'autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, les pluralistes estiment que la diff\u00e9rentiation constitue un droit l\u00e9gitime des minorit\u00e9s. Des questions se posent au sujet des droits des membres d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de transformer leur diversit\u00e9 religieuse et politique en un pluralisme ethnique. Au Canada, un tel droit l\u00e9gitime est \u00e9tendu aux deux peuples fondateurs (britannique et fran\u00e7ais). En 1982, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">Charte canadienne des droits et libert\u00e9s<\/a> accorde aussi ce droit aux autres groupes.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t En 1991, le groupe Angus Reid entreprend un sondage au niveau national afin de savoir jusqu'\u00e0 quel point les Canadiens sont pour la diversit\u00e9. Il constate qu'une grande majorit\u00e9 de Canadiens sont en faveur d'une politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale qui favorise l'\u00e9galit\u00e9, qui la garantit, qui \u00e9limine la discrimination raciale dans l'\u00e9ducation, dans les soins de sant\u00e9 et le syst\u00e8me judiciaire, qui aide la police \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer ses services ainsi que les nouveaux immigrants \u00e0 acqu\u00e9rir des habilet\u00e9s pour s'int\u00e9grer \u00e0 l'\u00e9conomie et \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t L'Enqu\u00eate sur la diversit\u00e9 ethnique (2003) r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/statistics-canada\/\">Statistique Canada<\/a> porte sur les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents ethniques et culturels de la population canadienne. L'enqu\u00eate r\u00e9v\u00e8le que 93 % des Canadiens n'ont jamais ou rarement \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de discrimination ou de traitements injustes en raison de leurs caract\u00e9ristiques ethnoculturelles. Cependant, les personnes disant avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de discrimination appartenaient habituellement \u00e0 des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/minorite-visible\">minorit\u00e9s visibles<\/a> et \u00e9taient plus souvent des immigrants r\u00e9cents plut\u00f4t que des Canadiens de deuxi\u00e8me ou de troisi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t De nombreuses \u00e9tudes sur l'orientation sexuelle, le sexe, le racisme, les droits de la personne, les droits des Autochtones, l'ethnicit\u00e9 et la justice ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es depuis 2000. Avant les ann\u00e9es 1990, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne \u00e9tait constitu\u00e9e en grande majorit\u00e9 de Blancs de descendance europ\u00e9enne. En 2001, la proportion de gens appartenant \u00e0 une minorit\u00e9 visible s'\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 13,4 %, puis en 2006, les minorit\u00e9s visibles forment 16,2 % de la population. En 2011, l'Enqu\u00eate nationale aupr\u00e8s des m\u00e9nages montre que 19 % des Canadiens sont membres d'une minorit\u00e9 visible. On s'attend \u00e0 ce qu'environ 14,4 millions de personnes soient issues des minorit\u00e9s visibles en 2031.\r\n<\/p>","slug":"prejuges-et-discrimination","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"fr","automated":false,"hidden":0,"views":0,"created_at":"2011-02-11T00:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-12-12T21:20:53.000000Z"},{"id":"9db35543-3797-4a70-851b-49a828f86197","article_id":"87431","title":"Prejudice and Discrimination in Canada [\u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ab9 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aad\u0ac7\u0aa6\u0aad\u0abe\u0ab5]","summary":"\u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ab9 \u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0a95\u0acd\u0aa4\u0abf\u0a93 \u0a85\u0aa5\u0ab5\u0abe \u0a9c\u0ac2\u0aa5\u0acb\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aac\u0abf\u0aa8\u0a86\u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aa4, \u0aa8\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abe\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aae\u0a95 \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5-\u0a9a\u0ac1\u0a95\u0abe\u0aa6\u0abe\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a89\u0ab2\u0acd\u0ab2\u0ac7\u0a96 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0a9b\u0ac7, \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8\u0acd\u0aaf \u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0a82\u0ab6\u0ac0\u0aaf\u0aa4\u0abe, \u0aa7\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aae \u0a85\u0aa5\u0ab5\u0abe \u0a9c\u0abe\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0ac7. \u0aad\u0ac7\u0aa6\u0aad\u0abe\u0ab5 \u0a8f \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ab9\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0a95\u0acd\u0aa4\u0abf\u0a93 \u0a95\u0ac7 \u0a9c\u0ac2\u0aa5\u0acb\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0aae\u0abe\u0a9c\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab8\u0a82\u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa3 \u0aad\u0abe\u0a97\u0ac0\u0aa6\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0aac\u0abe\u0a95\u0abe\u0aa4 \u0ab0\u0abe\u0a96\u0ab5\u0acb \u0a9b\u0ac7. ","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/53fa1c39-873e-4b13-ad8f-64872464d594.jpg\" title=\"&lt;em>\u0a95\u0acb\u0aae\u0abe\u0a97\u0abe\u0aa4\u0abe \u0aae\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac1&lt;\/em>\" alt=\"&lt;em>\u0a95\u0acb\u0aae\u0abe\u0a97\u0abe\u0aa4\u0abe \u0aae\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac1&lt;\/em>\">\r\n\t<figcaption>1914 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5 \u0aad\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0aaf \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aa5\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0ac7\u0aa8 <em>\u0a95\u0ac1\u0ab5\u0ab0\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a95\u0acb\u0aae\u0abe\u0a97\u0abe\u0a9f\u0abe \u0aae\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac1<\/em> \u0a86\u0a97\u0aae\u0aa8 \u0ab5\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0a95\u0ac1\u0ab5\u0ab0\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab9\u0abf\u0a82\u0ab8\u0a95 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa6\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab6\u0aa8\u0acb \u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7 \u0ab8\u0acd\u0aaa\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab6 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb. \u0aaa\u0ab0\u0abf\u0aa3\u0abe\u0aae\u0ac7 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a87\u0aa8\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb (\u0ab8\u0acc\u0a9c\u0aa8\u0acd\u0aaf\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0ab5\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0a95\u0ac1\u0ab5\u0ab0 \u0aaa\u0aac\u0acd\u0ab2\u0abf\u0a95 \u0ab2\u0abe\u0a87\u0aac\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab0\u0ac0).<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ethnic-identity\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ab9 \u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0a95\u0acd\u0aa4\u0abf\u0a93 \u0a85\u0aa5\u0ab5\u0abe \u0a9c\u0ac2\u0aa5\u0acb\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aac\u0abf\u0aa8\u0a86\u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aa4, \u0aa8\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abe\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aae\u0a95 \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5-\u0a9a\u0ac1\u0a95\u0abe\u0aa6\u0abe\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a89\u0ab2\u0acd\u0ab2\u0ac7\u0a96 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0a9b\u0ac7, \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8\u0acd\u0aaf \u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0a82\u0ab6\u0ac0\u0aaf\u0aa4\u0abe, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/religion\/\">\u0aa7\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aae<\/a> \u0a85\u0aa5\u0ab5\u0abe \u0a9c\u0abe\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0ac7 (<em>\u0a9c\u0ac1\u0a93<\/em> \u0a9c\u0abe\u0aa4\u0abf\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa6).<\/a><\/a> \u0aad\u0ac7\u0aa6\u0aad\u0abe\u0ab5 \u0a8f \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ab9\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0a95\u0acd\u0aa4\u0abf\u0a93 \u0a95\u0ac7 \u0a9c\u0ac2\u0aa5\u0acb\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0aae\u0abe\u0a9c\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab8\u0a82\u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa3 \u0aad\u0abe\u0a97\u0ac0\u0aa6\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0aac\u0abe\u0a95\u0abe\u0aa4 \u0ab0\u0abe\u0a96\u0ab5\u0acb \u0a9b\u0ac7. \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ab9 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aad\u0ac7\u0aa6\u0aad\u0abe\u0ab5\u0aa8\u0abe \r\n \u0ab2\u0abe\u0a82\u0aac\u0abe \u0a87\u0aa4\u0abf\u0ab9\u0abe\u0ab8 \u0ab9\u0acb\u0ab5\u0abe \u0a9b\u0aa4\u0abe\u0a82, \u0aa6\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0acb \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0a82\u0ab8\u0acd\u0a95\u0ac3\u0aa4\u0abf\u0a93\u0aa8\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0aae\u0acb\u0a9d\u0ac7\u0a95 \u0aac\u0aa8\u0abe\u0ab5\u0ab5\u0abe \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0aa4\u0abe\u0a9c\u0ac7\u0aa4\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aaa\u0ac7\u0aa2\u0ac0\u0a93\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aaf\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe \u0a9b\u0ac7. \u0a85\u0aa7\u0abf\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0acd\u0ab5\u0aa4\u0a82\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abe\u0a93\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a9a\u0abe\u0ab0\u0acd\u0a9f\u0ab0 \u0aa6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abe \u0ab8\u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8\u0aa4\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a86\u0a9c\u0ac7 \u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">\u0aa3\u0ac0\u0aaf \u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab7\u0abf\u0aa4 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0ac7 \u0a9b\u0ac7.<\/a> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>\u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abe\u0ab0\u0a82\u0aad\u0abf\u0a95 \u0aaa\u0aa4\u0abe\u0ab5\u0a9f <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ab9 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aaa\u0aa4\u0abe\u0ab5\u0a9f\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab6\u0ab0\u0ac2\u0a86\u0aa4\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a9b\u0ac7. \u0aa4\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0acd\u0ab5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">\u0aa6\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0ac0 \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0acb \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aaa\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0ab5\u0ab8\u0abe\u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0a93 \u0ab5\u0a9a\u0acd\u0a9a\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0abe<\/a> \u0ab8\u0a82\u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7\u0acb\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a9c\u0acb\u0a88 \u0ab6\u0a95\u0abe\u0aaf \u0a9b\u0ac7 \u0a9c\u0ac7 17 \u0aae\u0ac0 \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\"><\/a> \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 18 \u0aae\u0ac0 \u0ab8\u0aa6\u0ac0\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a89\u0aad\u0acb \u0aa5\u0aaf\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb (<em>\u0a9c\u0ac1\u0a93<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/slavery-of-indigenous-people-in-canada\/\">\u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab8\u0acd\u0ab5\u0aa6\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0ac0 \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0acb\u0aa8\u0ac0<\/a> \u0a97\u0ac1\u0ab2\u0abe\u0aae\u0ac0). \u0ab8\u0acd\u0ab5 \r\n \u0aa6\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0ac0 \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0acb \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0acb \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aaa\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0aa6\u0ac3\u0ab7\u0acd\u0a9f\u0abf\u0a95\u0acb\u0aa3 \u0a9c\u0a9f\u0abf\u0ab2 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0abf\u0aa7\u0abe\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a95\u0acd\u0aa4 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb, \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u201c\u0a89\u0aae\u0aa6\u0abe \u0ab5\u0ab0\u0abe\u0aaf\u0acb\u201d \u0aa4\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0a95\u0ac7 \u0a9c\u0acb\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa1\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a86\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aae\u0abe\u0ab9\u0ac0\u0aa8 \u0aac\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aac\u0ab0 \u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ab5\u0abe \u0ab8\u0ac1\u0aa7\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/confederation\/\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">\u0a9c\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5-\u0a95\u0aa8\u0acd\u0aab\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab8\u0acd\u0ab5 <a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/evolution\/\">\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abe<\/a> \u0a82\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aa8\u0abe \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0acb\u0a9a\u0acd\u0a9a \r\n \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0aae\u0ab9\u0abe\u0aa8\u0aa4\u0abe \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a8f\u0a82\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab2\u0acb-\u0ab8\u0ac7\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8 \u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ab8\u0acb \u0aaa\u0ab0 \u0aa8\u0abf\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aad\u0ab0 \u0a9b\u0ac7 (\u0a9c\u0ac1\u0a93 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abe\u0a9c\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa6).<\/a><\/em> \r\n\u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0a9c\u0ac2\u0aa5\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0a87\u0a9a\u0acd\u0a9b\u0abe\u0ab6\u0a95\u0acd\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aa8\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0aae\u0ac2\u0ab2\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe\u0a82\u0a95\u0aa8 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0abe \u0ab8\u0aad\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb\u0a8f \u0aac\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a9f\u0abf\u0ab6 \u0ab8\u0a82\u0ab8\u0acd\u0a95\u0ac3\u0aa4\u0abf 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\u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0ac0\u0aaf \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aaa\u0ac0\u0aaf\u0aa8\u0acb \u0aa6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0a9b\u0ac0 \u0aaf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u0ab9<\/a> \u0ac2\u0aa6\u0ac0\u0a93 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa6\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab7\u0abf\u0aa3 \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0acb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/mennonites\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/doukhobors\/\">\u0aaa\u0ac7\u0a95\u0abf\u0a82\u0a97 \u0a93\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa1\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa4\u0ab3\u0abf\u0aaf\u0ac7 \u0aa8\u0a9c\u0ac0\u0a95 \u0ab6\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa4\u0abf\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa6\u0ac0 \u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aae\u0abf\u0a95 \u0ab8\u0a82\u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa6\u0abe\u0aaf\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0abe, \u0a9c\u0ac7\u0aae \u0a95\u0ac7 \u0a9c\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aae\u0aa8 \u0aac\u0acb\u0ab2\u0aa4\u0abe \u0ab9\u0a9f\u0ac7\u0ab0\u0abe\u0a87\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aae\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0acd\u0aa8\u0acb\u0aa8\u0abe\u0a87\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8, \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab0\u0ab6\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0aac\u0acb\u0ab2 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/hutterites\/\">\u0aa4\u0abe \u0aa1\u0acc\u0a96\u0acb\u0aac\u0acb<\/a> \u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab8.<\/a><\/a> \r\n\u0a86 \u0a9c\u0ac2\u0aa5\u0acb \u0ab8\u0abe\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0a9c\u0aa8\u0abf\u0a95 \u0a85\u0aa7\u0abf\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0a93 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8\u0acd\u0aaf \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0acb \u0aa6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abe \u0a85\u0a9a\u0ac2\u0a95 \u0aad\u0ac7\u0a97\u0abe \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0abe. \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a9c\u0abf\u0a95 \u0a85\u0ab2\u0a97\u0aa4\u0abe\u0a8f \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0a8f\u0ab8\u0abf\u0aae\u0abf\u0ab2\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aae\u0ac1\u0ab6\u0acd\u0a95\u0ac7\u0ab2 \u0aac\u0aa8\u0abe\u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a82. \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa5\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aab\u0acd\u0a9f \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a89\u0aa6\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb\u0a97\u0a8f \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aae\u0a9c\u0aac\u0ac2\u0aa4 \u0a86\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa5\u0abf\u0a95 \u0ab8\u0acd\u0aaa\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa7\u0a95\u0acb \u0aac\u0aa8\u0abe\u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe, \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0abe \u0ab6\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa4\u0abf\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa6\u0a8f \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/pacifism\/\">\u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abf<\/a> \u0aac\u0aa6\u0acd\u0aa7\u0aa4\u0abe \u0ab5\u0abf\u0ab6\u0ac7 \u0ab6\u0a82\u0a95\u0abe \u0a89\u0aad\u0ac0 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ac0 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac0. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u0aac\u0acd\u0ab2\u0ac7\u0a95 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a8f\u0ab6\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac1\u0aad\u0ab5 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab3\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a8f\u0ab6\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8 - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u0a9a\u0abe\u0a87\u0aa8\u0ac0<\/a> \u0a9d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/japanese-canadians\/\">\u0a9c\u0abe\u0aaa\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0\u0a9d \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1<\/a> \u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/south-asians\/\">\u0aa6\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab7\u0abf\u0aa3 \u0a8f\u0ab6\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8\u0acb -<\/a> \u0ab9\u0ab2\u0a95\u0ac0 \u0a97\u0ac1\u0aa3\u0ab5\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aa4\u0abe\u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab3\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0ab8\u0aae\u0abe\u0a9c\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aae\u0ab8\u0abe\u0aa4 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a85\u0ab8\u0aae\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa5 \u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0aa4\u0abe \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0abe. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab3\u0abe \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8\u0acb\u0a8f \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5<\/a> -\u0a95\u0acb\u0aa8\u0acd\u0aab\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a97\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aa8\u0acb\u0a82\u0aa7\u0aaa\u0abe\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0 \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ab9\u0aa8\u0acb \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb. \u0a9c\u0acb\u0a95\u0ac7 \u0a98\u0aa3\u0abe \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0abe \u0a9c\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa3\u0ac7 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0acb \u0ab5\u0abf\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aa7 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb, \u0aa8\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac2 \u0aab\u0acd\u0ab0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/slavery\/\">\u0abe\u0aa8\u0acd\u0ab8<\/a> \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/british-north-america\/\">\u0aac\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a9f\u0abf\u0ab6 \u0a89\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aa4\u0ab0 \u0a85\u0aae\u0ac7\u0ab0\u0abf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/new-france\/\">\u0a95\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82<\/a> \u0a97\u0ac1\u0ab2\u0abe\u0aae\u0ac0 \u0a85\u0ab8\u0acd\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab5\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82<\/a> \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac0. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/loyalists\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/upper-canada\/\">1860 \u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa6\u0abe\u0aaf\u0a95\u0abe \u0ab8\u0ac1\u0aa7\u0ac0\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82, \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 40,000 \u0aac\u0acd\u0ab2\u0ac7\u0a95 \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0acb\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aa8\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac2 \u0aab\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abe\u0aa8\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a97\u0ac1\u0ab2\u0abe\u0aae\u0acb\u0aa8\u0abe 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\u0a9a\u0abf\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0a8f\u0a95\u0acd\u0a9f \u0aa6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abe \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a8f\u0a95\u0ab8\u0abe\u0aa5\u0ac7 \u0ab0\u0acb\u0a95\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac1\u0a82. \u0a9c\u0abe\u0aaa\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab8\u0a82\u0a96\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe \u0aaa\u0ab0 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7 \u0aae\u0ac2\u0a95\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0ac7 1907 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a9c\u0abe\u0aaa\u0abe\u0aa8 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aa5\u0ac7 \u0a8f\u0a95 \u0ab8\u0a9c\u0acd\u0a9c\u0aa8 \u0ab8\u0aae\u0a9c\u0ac2\u0aa4\u0ac0 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0ac0 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac0. \u0a93\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa1\u0ab0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/order-in-council\/\">-\u0a87\u0aa8-\u0a95\u0abe\u0a89\u0aa8\u0acd\u0ab8\u0abf\u0ab2\u0ac7 1907 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82<\/a> \u0aad\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aaa\u0ab0 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7 \u0aae\u0ac2\u0a95\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb. \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aaa\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa8\u0abf\u0aaf\u0a82\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abf\u0aa4 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 1906, 1910 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 1919 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7\u0abf\u0aa4 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0a95\u0abe\u0aaf\u0aa6\u0abe\u0a93 \u0aaa\u0aa3 \u0ab0\u0a9c\u0ac2 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0abe. 1896 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u0aac\u0ac0\u0a9c\u0abe \u0ab5\u0abf\u0ab6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0aaf\u0ac1<\/a> 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/elites\/\">\u0aac\u0abf\u0aa8-\u0aac\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a9f\u0abf\u0ab6 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aac\u0abf\u0aa8-\u0aab\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9a \u0a9c\u0ac2\u0aa5\u0acb\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a96\u0ac2\u0aac \u0a93\u0a9b\u0ac0 \u0a86\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa5\u0abf\u0a95 \u0ab6\u0a95\u0acd\u0aa4\u0abf \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac0, \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0a93 \u0aac\u0ac0\u0a9c\u0abe \u0ab5\u0abf\u0ab6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0aa6\u0acd\u0aa7 \u0aaa\u0a9b\u0ac0 \u0ab8\u0ac1\u0aa7\u0ac0 \u0ab0\u0abe\u0a9c\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3, \u0ab6\u0abf\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab7\u0aa3 \u0a85\u0aa5\u0ab5\u0abe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-service\/\">\u0a9c\u0abe\u0ab9\u0ac7\u0ab0 \u0ab8\u0ac7<\/a> \u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aae\u0aa7\u0acd\u0aaf \u0a87\u0ab6\u0ac7\u0ab2\u0acb\u0aa8\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a95\u0acb\u0a88 \u0aa8\u0acb\u0a82\u0aa7\u0aaa\u0abe\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0 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\u0ab8\u0ab0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac7 185,000 \u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0ab5\u0aa7\u0ac1 \u0aae\u0aa7\u0acd\u0aaf \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0ac0\u0aaf \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aaa\u0ac0\u0aaf\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\">\u0aae\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0acb\u0aa8\u0abe\u0a87\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a96\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0ac2\u0aa4\u0acb, \u0a96\u0ac7\u0aa4 \u0aae\u0a9c\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acb \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a98\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab2\u0ac1<\/a> \u0aa4\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0a95\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0aae\u0a82\u0a9c\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0ac0 \u0a86\u0aaa\u0ac0 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac0. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u0aac\u0ac7\u0a95\u0ab2\u0ac7\u0ab6 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0a86 \u0aa8\u0ab5\u0ac0 \u0ab2\u0ab9\u0ac7\u0ab0 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/manitoba\/\">\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0aaf\u0acb\u0a9c\u0aa8 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0ab6\u0ab0\u0ac2<\/a> \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a82. 1920 \u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa6\u0abe\u0aaf\u0a95\u0abe\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a85\u0a82\u0aa4\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab8\u0ab8\u0acd\u0a95\u0abe\u0a9a\u0ac7\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa8\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0ab8\u0aad\u0acd\u0aaf\u0aaa\u0aa6 20,000 \u0ab8\u0ac1\u0aa7\u0ac0 \u0aaa\u0ab9\u0acb\u0a82\u0a9a\u0ac0 \u0a97\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a82. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab2\u0abe\u0aa8 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa5\u0acb\u0ab2\u0abf\u0a95 \u0a89\u0aa6\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb\u0a97\u0aaa\u0aa4\u0abf\u0a93\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aac\u0acb\u0aaf\u0a95\u0acb\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8 \r\n \u0aa8\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0a86\u0aaf\u0acb\u0a9c\u0aa8 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a82, \u0aa1\u0ab0\u0abe\u0ab5\u0aa4\u0abe 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\u0aac\u0abf\u0aa8-\u0a8f\u0a82\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab2\u0acb-\u0ab8\u0ac7\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a9c\u0ac7 \u0aad\u0ac7\u0aa6\u0aad\u0abe\u0ab5\u0aa8\u0acb \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0acb \u0aaa\u0aa1\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb \u0aa4\u0ac7 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa6 (\u0a9c\u0ac1\u0a93 \u0a95\u0acb\u0aae\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0aa8\u0abf\u0ab8\u0acd\u0a9f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/communist-party-of-canada\/\">\u0aaa\u0abe\u0ab0\u0acd<\/a> \u0a9f\u0ac0) \r\n \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aab\u0abe\u0ab8\u0ac0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa6 \u0a9c\u0ac7\u0ab5\u0abe \u0a86\u0aae\u0ac2\u0ab2 \u0ab0\u0abe\u0a9c\u0a95\u0ac0\u0aaf \u0a9a\u0ab3\u0ab5\u0ab3\u0acb\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a9f\u0ac7\u0a95\u0acb \u0a86\u0aaa\u0ab5\u0abe \u0aa4\u0ab0\u0aab \u0aa6\u0acb\u0ab0\u0ac0 \u0a97\u0aaf\u0abe<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fascism\/\">,<\/a> \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a86\u0aa8\u0abe\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0aac\u0aa6\u0ab2\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0ac7 \u0aad\u0ac7\u0aa6\u0aad\u0abe\u0ab5\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aae\u0a9c\u0aac\u0ac2\u0aa4 \u0aac\u0aa8\u0abe\u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb. 1930 \u0aa5\u0ac0 1935 \u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab5\u0a9a\u0acd\u0a9a\u0ac7, \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa7\u0abe\u0aa8\u0aae\u0a82\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac0 \u0a86\u0ab0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/richard-bedford-viscount-bennett\/\">\u0aac\u0ac0 \u0aac\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa6\u0ac0\u0a93 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0aae\u0ab0\u0acd<\/a> \u0aa5\u0aa8 \u0aa8\u0abe\u0aac\u0ac2\u0aa6 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aae\u0abe\u0ab0\u0acd\u0a97 \u0aa4\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0a95\u0ac7 \u0aa8\u0abf\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab2\u0aa8\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a89\u0aaa\u0aaf\u0acb\u0a97 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/great-depression\/\">\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0a9f \u0aa1\u0abf\u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7<\/a> \u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aa6\u0ab0\u0aae\u0abf\u0aaf\u0abe\u0aa8 \u0aaa\u0ab6\u0acd\u0a9a\u0abf\u0aae \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a93\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abf\u0aaf\u0acb\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aae\u0a9c\u0ac2\u0ab0 \u0ab8\u0a82\u0a98\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab7\u0acb\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82, \u0aae\u0ac1\u0a96\u0acd\u0aaf\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab5\u0ac7 \u0aac\u0abf\u0aa8-\u0a8f\u0a82\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab2\u0acb-\u0ab8\u0ac7\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8 \u0ab5\u0ab0\u0acd\u0a95\u0aab\u0acb\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a8f\u0a82\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab2\u0acb-\u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0aae\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0a9c\u0aae\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab0\u0a82\u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0aae\u0a9c\u0ac2\u0ab0 \u0a8f\u0a95\u0aa4\u0abe\u0aa8\u0acb \u0aa8\u0abe\u0ab6 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\u0ab0\u0ab9\u0ac7\u0aa3\u0abe\u0a82\u0a95 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7\u0acb \u0aa6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abe, \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0aa8\u0abf\u0ab5\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab8\u0abf\u0a9f\u0ac0 \u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe\u0ab5\u0ab8\u0abe\u0aaf\u0abf\u0a95 \u0ab6\u0abe\u0ab3\u0abe\u0a93\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a95\u0acd\u0ab5\u0acb\u0a9f\u0abe, \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aae\u0acb\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aaf\u0ab2, \u0a9f\u0acb\u0ab0\u0acb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f<\/a> \u0acb \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0abf\u0aa8\u0ac0\u0aaa\u0ac7\u0a97\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aad\u0aa6\u0acd\u0ab0 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a9c\u0abf\u0a95 \u0a95\u0acd\u0ab2\u0aac\u0acb, \u0aa6\u0ab0\u0abf\u0aaf\u0abe\u0a95\u0abf\u0aa8\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab0\u0abf\u0ab8\u0acb\u0ab0\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0aac\u0abe\u0a95\u0abe\u0aa4.<\/a> \u0ab5\u0abf\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aa7\u0ac0 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\u0aa6\u0ab0\u0aae\u0abf\u0aaf\u0abe\u0aa8, \u0a9c\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aae\u0aa8 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a87\u0a9f\u0abe\u0ab2\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8, \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">\u0ab6\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa4\u0abf\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa6\u0ac0 \u0ab8\u0a82\u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0<\/a> \u0aa6\u0abe\u0aaf\u0acb\u0aa8\u0abe \u0ab8\u0aad\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0aa3 \u0aa6\u0ac1\u0ab6\u0acd\u0aae\u0aa8\u0abe\u0ab5\u0a9f\u0aa8\u0acb \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0acb \u0aaa\u0aa1\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb. 1920 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 1930 \u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa6\u0abe\u0aaf\u0a95\u0abe \u0aa6\u0ab0\u0aae\u0abf\u0aaf\u0abe\u0aa8 \u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abe\u0aae\u0ac0\u0aa3 \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0ac7 \u0aa1\u0acc\u0a96\u0acb\u0aac\u0acb\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab8 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0ac7 \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abf\u0aaf 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\u0a8f\u0ab6\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 1947 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a9a\u0abe\u0a87\u0aa8\u0ac0\u0a9d, 1949 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a9c\u0abe\u0aaa\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0\u0a9d). \u0a9a\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa6\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab7\u0abf\u0aa3 \u0a8f\u0ab6\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aaa\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acb \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0abf\u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7 \u0ab0\u0aa6 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb, \u0a9c\u0acb \u0a95\u0ac7 \u0ab9\u0abe\u0ab2\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0aa8\u0abe\u0a97\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a95\u0acb\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0aae\u0abe\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0 \u0aaa\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aa8\u0ac0\u0a93 \r\n \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aac\u0abe\u0ab3\u0a95\u0acb \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0abe\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0abe. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ab8\u0acb <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n1945 \u0aaa\u0a9b\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0ab9\u0a9c\u0ac0 \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aaa\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8\u0acb\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0aa4\u0ab0\u0aab\u0ac7\u0aa3\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aaa\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab7\u0aaa\u0abe\u0aa4\u0ac0 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac0, \u0a9c\u0acb\u0a95\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0aad\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa4, \u0aaa\u0abe\u0a95\u0abf\u0ab8\u0acd\u0aa4\u0abe\u0aa8 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0abf\u0ab2\u0acb\u0aa8 (1951) \u0aa8\u0abe \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa8\u0abe\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a95\u0acd\u0ab5\u0acb\u0a9f\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aae\u0a82\u0a9c\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0ac0 \u0a86\u0aaa\u0ac0 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac0. \u0aaa\u0acb\u0ab8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0ab5\u0acb\u0ab0 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0aa7\u0ac1 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ac0 \u0ab0\u0ac0\u0aa4\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0acd\u0ab5\u0ac0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0abe, \u0a85\u0a82\u0ab6\u0aa4\u0a83 \u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3 \u0a95\u0ac7 \u0a98\u0aa3\u0abe \u0ab6\u0abf\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab7\u0abf\u0aa4 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ac1\u0ab6\u0ab3 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0abe \r\n\u0ab8\u0a82\u0aad\u0ab5\u0aa4\u0a83 1950 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 1960 \u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa6\u0abe\u0aaf\u0a95\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac7 \u0aa8\u0ab5\u0ac0 \u0ab8\u0ab9\u0abf\u0ab7\u0acd\u0aa3\u0ac1\u0aa4\u0abe \u0aaa\u0abe\u0a9b\u0ab3\u0aa8\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0aae\u0ac1\u0a96\u0acd\u0aaf \u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3 - \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0aaf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/human-rights\/\">\u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ab5 \u0a85\u0aa7\u0abf<\/a> \u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0aac\u0abf\u0ab2 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0acb\u0aa1\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aaa\u0ab8\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0aa6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab0\u0abe \u0a89\u0aa6\u0abe\u0ab9\u0ab0\u0aa3, \u0aab\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0ab0\u0ab2 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-bill-of-rights\/\">\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0aac\u0abf\u0ab2 \u0a93\u0aab \u0ab0\u0abe\u0a87\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8 (1960), \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ab5 \u0a85\u0aa7\u0abf<\/a> \u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0a95\u0aae\u0abf\u0ab6\u0aa8\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab0\u0a9a\u0aa8\u0abe - \u0a8f\u0a82\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab2\u0acb-\u0ab8\u0ac7\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8 \u0a9c\u0abe\u0aa4\u0abf\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa6\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0abe\u0a93 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a86\u0aa6\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0aa7\u0acb\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa3 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac1\u0a82. \u0a86 \u0ab9\u0abf\u0a9f\u0ab2 \r\n \u0ab0\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a9c\u0abe\u0aa4\u0abf\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa6, \u0ab5\u0abf\u0ab6\u0acd\u0ab5 \u0ab6\u0a95\u0acd\u0aa4\u0abf \u0aa4\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0a95\u0ac7 \u0aac\u0acd\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a9f\u0aa8\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aaa\u0aa4\u0aa8 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a85\u0aae\u0ac7\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a95\u0aa8 \u0aa8\u0abe\u0a97\u0ab0\u0abf\u0a95 \u0a85\u0aa7\u0abf\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0 \u0a9a\u0ab3\u0ab5\u0ab3\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab5\u0ac3\u0aa6\u0acd\u0aa7\u0abf\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab5\u0abf\u0ab0\u0ac1\u0aa6\u0acd\u0aa7\u0aa8\u0abe \u0ab5\u0abf\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aa7\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aaa\u0ab0\u0abf\u0aa3\u0abe\u0aae\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0ab0\u0abf\u0aa3\u0aae\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a82. 1950 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 1960 \u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa6\u0abe\u0aaf\u0a95\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab8\u0aae\u0ac3\u0aa6\u0acd\u0aa7\u0abf\u0a8f \u0aac\u0ac0\u0a9c\u0ac0- \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0a9c\u0ac0 \u0aaa\u0ac7\u0aa2\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0abe \r\n \u0aac\u0abf\u0aa8-\u0a8f\u0a82\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab2\u0acb-\u0ab8\u0ac7\u0a95\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8\u0acb\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0a89\u0aaa\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab8\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a9c\u0abf\u0a95-\u0a86\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aa5\u0abf\u0a95 \u0a97\u0aa4\u0abf\u0ab6\u0ac0\u0ab2\u0aa4\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0ab3 \u0aac\u0aa8\u0abe\u0ab5\u0ac0. \u0aa4\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0ab0\u0acd\u0a97 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab5\u0a82\u0ab6\u0ac0\u0aaf\u0aa4\u0abe \u0ab5\u0a9a\u0acd\u0a9a\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a8f\u0a95\u0aa6\u0aae \u0a95\u0aa0\u0acb\u0ab0 \u0ab8\u0a82\u0aac\u0a82\u0aa7\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa8\u0aac\u0ab3\u0abe \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aaa\u0aa3 \u0aae\u0aa6\u0aa6 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ac0. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0aa6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0abf\u0aad\u0abe\u0ab7\u0ac0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/royal-commission-on-bilingualism-and-biculturalism\/\">\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa6 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aac\u0abe\u0aaf\u0a95\u0ab2\u0acd\u0a9a\u0ab0\u0ab2\u0abf\u0a9d\u0aae \u0a95\u0aae\u0abf\u0ab6\u0aa8\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0aad\u0ab2\u0abe\u0aae\u0aa3\u0acb \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7<\/a> 1960 \u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa6\u0abe\u0aaf\u0a95\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab5\u0aa7\u0ac1 \u0aa8\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe\u0aaf\u0ac0 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8 \u0aaa\u0acb\u0ab2\u0abf<\/a> \u0ab8\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab0\u0a9c\u0ac2\u0a86\u0aa4 - \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0a9c 1970 \u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa6\u0abe\u0aaf\u0a95\u0abe\u0aa8\u0abe \u0ab5\u0aa7\u0aa4\u0abe \u0ab5\u0ac8\u0ab6\u0acd\u0ab5\u0abf\u0a95\u0ac0\u0a95\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0aa5\u0ac0 - \u0aae\u0acb\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0aad\u0abe\u0a97\u0ac7 \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aaa\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0a8f\u0ab6\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8\u0aa8\u0abe \u0ab5\u0aa7\u0ac1 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab9\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab6\u0abf\u0aab\u0acd\u0a9f\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aaa\u0ab0\u0abf\u0aa3\u0aae\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe. 1971 \u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0a9c\u0aa8\u0ab8\u0a82\u0a96\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe \u0aa6\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab6\u0abe\u0ab5\u0ac7 \u0a9b\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0ab5\u0ab8\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0abe \u0ab2\u0a97\u0aad\u0a97 95 \u0a9f\u0a95\u0abe \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aaa\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab0\u0ab8\u0abe \r\n \u0aa8\u0abe \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0acb\u0aa8\u0acb \u0ab8\u0aae\u0abe\u0ab5\u0ac7\u0ab6 \u0aa5\u0abe\u0aaf \u0a9b\u0ac7, \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aaa\u0abe\u0a82\u0a9a \u0a9f\u0a95\u0abe\u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0ab5\u0aa7\u0ac1 \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0acb\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0ab6\u0acb\u0aa7\u0ab5\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0aae\u0ac1\u0ab6\u0acd\u0a95\u0ac7\u0ab2 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0a9c\u0ac7\u0aae\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aac\u0abf\u0aa8-\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aaa\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0a97\u0aa3\u0ac0 \u0ab6\u0a95\u0abe\u0aaf. \u0aae\u0abe\u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0 25 \u0ab5\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab7 \u0aaa\u0a9b\u0ac0 1996\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82, \u0aac\u0abf\u0aa8-\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aaa\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8, \u0aac\u0abf\u0aa8-\u0ab8\u0aab\u0ac7\u0aa6 \u0aa6\u0ac3\u0ab6\u0acd\u0aaf\u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8 \u0ab2 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">\u0a98\u0ac1\u0aae\u0aa4\u0ac0 \u0ab5<\/a> \u0ab8\u0acd\u0aa4\u0ac0 \u0aac\u0aae\u0aa3\u0ac0 \u0aa5\u0a88 \u0a97\u0a88 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac0 11 \u0a9f\u0a95\u0abe. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>\u0ab8\u0acd\u0ab5\u0aa6\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0ac0 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac1\u0aad\u0ab5 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n19 \u0aae\u0ac0 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 20 \u0aae\u0ac0 \u0ab8\u0aa6\u0ac0\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab8\u0acd\u0ab5\u0aa6\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0ac0 \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0acb \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0acb \u0ab5\u0ab2\u0aa3 \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0acd\u0aaf \u0ab5\u0a82\u0ab6\u0ac0\u0aaf \u0a9c\u0ac2\u0aa5\u0acb \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0a98\u0aa3\u0ac0 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nisgaa\/\">\u0aa8\u0abf\u0ab5\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a9f\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0abe\u0aae \u0a95\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac1\u0a82, \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a98\u0aa3\u0abe \u0ab8\u0acd\u0ab5\u0aa6\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0ac0 \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0acb - \u0aa8\u0ac1\u0aa8\u0abe\u0ab5\u0ac1\u0a9f\u0aa8\u0abe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/inuit\/\">\u0a87<\/a> \u0aa8\u0ac1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nunavut\/\">\u0a9f<\/a>, \r\n \u0aaa\u0ac2\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa8\u0abf\u0ab8\u0acd\u0a97\u0abe\u0a86 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0a89\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aa4\u0ab0\u0aaa\u0ab6\u0acd\u0a9a\u0abf\u0aae \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa6\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0acb\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a97\u0acd\u0ab5\u0abf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/gwichin\/\">\u0a9a<\/a> &#39;<\/a>\u0a87\u0aa8 \u0ab8\u0ab9\u0abf\u0aa4 - \u0ab9\u0ab5\u0ac7 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\u0aad\u0ac7\u0aa6\u0aad\u0abe\u0ab5\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0a9c\u0abe\u0aa3 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ac0 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac0 \u0aa4\u0ac7\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82\u0aa5\u0ac0, \u0a89\u0aa4\u0acd\u0aa4\u0ab0\u0aa6\u0abe\u0aa4\u0abe\u0a93 \u0aa6\u0ac3 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">\u0ab6\u0acd\u0aaf<\/a> \u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8 \u0ab2\u0a98\u0ac1\u0aae\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0a93 \u0ab9\u0acb\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab6\u0a95\u0acd\u0aaf\u0aa4\u0abe \u0ab5\u0aa7\u0ac1 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac0, \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aac\u0ac0\u0a9c\u0ac0 \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa4\u0acd\u0ab0\u0ac0\u0a9c\u0ac0 \u0aaa\u0ac7\u0aa2\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8\u0acb\u0aa8\u0ac7 \r\n \u0aac\u0aa6\u0ab2\u0ac7 \u0aa4\u0abe\u0a9c\u0ac7\u0aa4\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a87\u0aae\u0abf\u0a97\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aa8\u0acd\u0a9f\u0acd\u0ab8 \u0ab9\u0acb\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0ab6\u0a95\u0acd\u0aaf\u0aa4\u0abe \u0ab5\u0aa7\u0ac1 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac0. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0a9c\u0abe\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0aaf \u0a85\u0aad\u0abf\u0a97\u0aae, \u0ab2\u0abf\u0a82\u0a97, \u0a9c\u0abe\u0aa4\u0abf\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa6, \u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa7\u0abf\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0, \u0ab8\u0acd\u0ab5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-rights\/\">\u0aa6\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0ac0 \u0a85\u0aa7\u0abf\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab0<\/a> \u0acb, \u0ab5\u0a82\u0ab6\u0ac0\u0aaf\u0aa4\u0abe \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 \u0aa8\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe\u0aaf \u0a85\u0a82\u0a97\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0abe \u0a85\u0ab8\u0a82\u0a96\u0acd\u0aaf \u0a85\u0aad\u0acd\u0aaf\u0abe\u0ab8\u0acb \u0aaa\u0aa3 2000 \u0aa5\u0ac0 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0a95\u0abe\u0ab6\u0abf\u0aa4 \u0aa5\u0aaf\u0abe \u0a9b\u0ac7. \r\n1990 \u0aa8\u0abe \u0aa6\u0abe\u0aaf\u0a95\u0abe \u0aaa\u0ab9\u0ac7\u0ab2\u0abe\u0a82, \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0ab8\u0aae\u0abe\u0a9c\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab8\u0aab\u0ac7\u0aa6 \u0aaf\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0acb\u0aaa\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0ab5\u0a82\u0ab6\u0aa8\u0abe \u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0a95\u0acd\u0aa4\u0abf\u0a93\u0aa8\u0acb \u0a9c\u0aac\u0ab0\u0a9c\u0ab8\u0acd\u0aa4 \u0ab8\u0aae\u0abe\u0ab5\u0ac7\u0ab6 \u0aa5\u0aa4\u0acb \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0acb. 2001 \u0ab8\u0ac1\u0aa7\u0ac0\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aa6\u0ac3\u0ab6\u0acd\u0aaf\u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8 \u0ab2\u0a98\u0ac1\u0aae\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0a93\u0aa8\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0aaa\u0acd\u0ab0\u0aae\u0abe\u0aa3 \u0ab5\u0aa7\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0ac7 13.4 \u0a9f\u0a95\u0abe \u0aa5\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0ac1\u0a82, \u0a85\u0aa8\u0ac7 2006 \u0ab8\u0ac1\u0aa7\u0ac0\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aa6\u0ac3\u0ab6\u0acd\u0aaf\u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8 \u0ab2\u0a98\u0ac1\u0aae\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0a93 16.2 \u0a9f\u0a95\u0abe \u0ab5\u0ab8\u0acd\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0aa8\u0acb \u0ab8\u0aae\u0abe\u0ab5\u0ac7\u0ab6 \u0a95\u0ab0\u0ac7 \u0a9b\u0ac7. 2011 \u0aae\u0abe\u0a82, \r\n \u0aa8\u0ac7\u0ab6\u0aa8\u0ab2 \u0ab9\u0abe\u0a89\u0ab8\u0ab9\u0acb\u0ab2\u0acd\u0aa1 \u0ab8\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab5\u0ac7\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aa6\u0ab0\u0acd\u0ab6\u0abe\u0ab5\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0a86\u0ab5\u0acd\u0aaf\u0ac1\u0a82 \u0a9b\u0ac7 \u0a95\u0ac7 19 \u0a9f\u0a95\u0abe \u0a95\u0ac7\u0aa8\u0ac7\u0aa1\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0acb \u0aa6\u0ac3\u0ab6\u0acd\u0aaf\u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8 \u0ab2\u0a98\u0ac1\u0aae\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0a93 \u0ab9\u0aa4\u0abe - \u0ab2\u0a97\u0aad\u0a97 14.4 \u0aae\u0abf\u0ab2\u0abf\u0aaf\u0aa8 \u0ab2\u0acb\u0a95\u0acb 2031 \u0ab8\u0ac1\u0aa7\u0ac0\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0aa6\u0ac3\u0ab6\u0acd\u0aaf\u0aae\u0abe\u0aa8 \u0ab2\u0a98\u0ac1\u0aae\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0a93 \u0aac\u0aa8\u0ab5\u0abe\u0aa8\u0ac0 \u0aa7\u0abe\u0ab0\u0aa3\u0abe \u0a9b\u0ac7. \r\n<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"gu","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2024-12-11T16:45:51.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-11T16:45:51.000000Z"},{"id":"9e325adf-c28e-4d0d-9a78-0fd134952a5b","article_id":"87431","title":"Prejudice and Discrimination in Canada [\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935]","summary":"\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e, \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 ","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/53fa1c39-873e-4b13-ad8f-64872464d594.jpg\" title=\"&lt;em>\u0915\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0917\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0942&lt;\/em>\" alt=\"&lt;em>\u0915\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0917\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0942&lt;\/em>\">\r\n\t<figcaption>1914 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u0948\u0902\u0915\u0942\u0935\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <em>\u0915\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0917\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0942<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0902\u0915\u0942\u0935\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e (\u0938\u094c\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0948\u0902\u0915\u0942\u0935\u0930 \u092a\u092c\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0940)\u0964<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/religion\/\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930, \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ethnic-identity\/\">\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e, \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902).<\/a><\/em><\/a> \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 \r\n \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926, \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u094b\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0930<\/a> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u091c \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u091f\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 17 \u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0914\u0930 18 \u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\"><\/a><\/a> \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (<em>\u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/em> \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/slavery-of-indigenous-people-in-canada\/\">\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0940<\/a>)\u0964 \r\n\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u201c\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930\u201d \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u093e\u0964 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/confederation\/\">\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-french-relations\/\">\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940-\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940<\/a> \u0914\u0930 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\">\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936-\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940<\/a> \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0925\u0947, \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fur-trade\/\">\u092b\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \r\n \u0939\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0940 (\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917: \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/a> \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/a><\/em> \r\n\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0906\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n1759-60 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940-\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\"><\/a> \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0947 1750 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0939\u0926 \u0924\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \r\n \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0925\u0940, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0925\u0940, \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940-\u092c\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092e\u0926 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936, \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e 19 \u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u092e \u0930\u0939\u0940, \u091c\u092c \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0938 \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0907\u0938 \r\n \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u0935\u093e\u091c\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/a> \r\n\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940-\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u092b\u0947\u0921\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0902\u091b\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n19\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 20\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/imperialism\/\">\u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b-\u0938\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924, \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/evolution\/\">\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \r\n \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b-\u0938\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0925\u0940 (\u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/a><\/em> \r\n\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0902\u091b\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0902\u091b\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \r\n \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u0942\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/mennonites\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/doukhobors\/\">\u092a\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/hutterites\/\">\u0939\u091f\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0938<\/a> \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0938, \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u0921\u094c\u0916\u094b\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0964<\/a><\/a> \r\n\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092e \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092c\u091a\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/pacifism\/\">\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0939 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0938 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/japanese-canadians\/\">\u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908<\/a> \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/south-asians\/\">\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u2014 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908<\/a> \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u0918 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/a> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/new-france\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/british-north-america\/\">\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0925\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/slavery\/\">\u0917\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0940<\/a> \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \r\n<\/a><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/upper-canada\/\">1860 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0924\u0915, \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 40,000 \u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u0936\u091c, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/loyalists\/\">\u0935\u092b\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930<\/a>, \u091c\u092e\u0948\u0915\u093e \r\n \u092e\u0948\u0930\u0942\u0928, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/war-of-1812\/\">1812 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947<\/a> \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0906\u090f \u092d\u0917\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/a> \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0915\u0908 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u092c\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092e\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u0905\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0905\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915, \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \r\n \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 1833 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u094b\u0932\u0902\u092c\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/a> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u090f, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 1850 \u0938\u0947 1950 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0924\u0915 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \r\n \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u092a\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \r\n \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p><p><iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eZyvg_87e6o\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><br><\/iframe><\/p><p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940, \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u094b\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u092f\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \r\n\u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u094c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u0915 \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940-\u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908-\u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0926\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0926\u0902\u0917\u0947 1887 \u0914\u0930 1907 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">\u0935\u0948\u0902\u0915\u0942\u0935\u0930<\/a> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0925\u0947\u0964 \r\n\u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908-\u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-school\/\">\u092a\u092c\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932\u094b\u0902<\/a> \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u091b\u0941\u0906\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964 \r\n 1892 \u0914\u0930 1907 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\/\">\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093e<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\/\">\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u0947\u0915<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\/\">\u0928\u094b\u0935\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/a> \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/saskatchewan\/\">\u0938\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u091a\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0928<\/a> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0926\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u091c\u092c \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \r\n \u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0902, \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 19 \u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0947 20 \u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938, \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u091f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u093f\u090f\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \r\n \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964 \u0915\u092d\u0940-\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0916\u093c\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u094b\u0935\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\/\">\u0913\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b<\/a> \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \r\n \u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u092d\u0940-\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u0936\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924, \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940, \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u093f\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0915 \u0925\u0940\u0902, \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2SwNa0H4s0s\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> 20 \u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0940\u091a, \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u201c\u0939\u0947\u0921 \u091f\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u201d \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0936 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 1923 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 1907 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/order-in-council\/\">\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930-\u0907\u0928-\u0915\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0932<\/a> \u0928\u0947 1907 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 1906, 1910 \u0914\u0930 1919 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u090f\u0964 1896 \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a, \r\n \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091a \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u0925\u093e) \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u095b\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0937\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0913\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092c\u0938 \u0917\u090f \u0925\u0947\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/french-canadian-nationalism\/\">\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, 1914 \u0924\u0915 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">\u092e\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932<\/a> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u092f\u0939\u0942\u0926\u0940 \u092f\u0939\u0942\u0926\u0940<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/anti-semitism\/\">\u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f \u0925\u0947, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/a> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/liberalism\/\">\u092f\u0939\u0942\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0908\u0938\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0936\u0947\u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u094d\u092e, \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/a> \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u092e\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939\u0942\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0942\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u092d\u0940-\u0915\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \r\n \u092c\u0947\u0905\u0926\u092c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091d\u0917\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0942\u0926\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0936\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u090f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">\u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915<\/a> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u0922\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c, \u0905\u0928\u092a\u0922\u093c, \u0930\u094b\u0917\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924, \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \r\n\u0936\u0930\u093e\u092c, \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/crime\/\">\u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0938, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/gambling\/\">\u091c\u0941\u0906<\/a> \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964 1950 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0917\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0909\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/vertical-mosaic\/\">\u0906\u092f<\/a> \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \r\n \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940\u092a\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/elites\/\">\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0925\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0924\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092f\u093e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-service\/\">\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0948\u0920 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e (\u0915\u0941\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/a> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/nationalism\/\">\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/a> \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b-\u0939\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\">\u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928<\/a> \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \r\n \u201c\u0936\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941 \u090f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0938\u201d \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0916\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/internment\/\">\u0928\u091c\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/a> \u0936\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \r\n \u0915\u0908 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f; \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u092c\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e; \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0926\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u092b\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \r\n \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u090f\u0915\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0935\u093e\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 1919 \u0915\u093e \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930-\u0907\u0928-\u0915\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0932 (1920 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e) \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0926\u0940\u0964 1919 \u0938\u0947 1953 \u0924\u0915 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \r\n \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u094c\u0916\u094b\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094b\u091f \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0927 \u0915\u094b 1934 \u0938\u0947 1955 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0917\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0936\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0930\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930\u092a\u0902\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \r\n \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092c \u201c\u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902\u201d \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n1920 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f, \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u201c\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0940\u0926\u093e\u201d \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 1920 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \r\n \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0922\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 1920 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 185,000 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\">\u092e\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0938<\/a> \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902, \u0916\u0947\u0924\u093f\u0939\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0942 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0940\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u092c\u0948\u0915\u0932\u0948\u0936 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u0908 \u0932\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0917\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">\u0915\u0942 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0928 (KKK<\/a>), \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/orange-order\/\">\u0911\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930<\/a> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u201c\u090f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b-\u0938\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0928\u201d \u091a\u0930\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0915\u0947\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/manitoba\/\">1920 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932, \u0913\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b, \u092c\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u093f\u091f\u094b\u092c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/a> 1920 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u091a\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e 20,000 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0917\u0908\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \r\n \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0909\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/a> 1929 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u091a\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n1930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fascism\/\">\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u090f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b-\u0938\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0926 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/communist-party-of-canada\/\">\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940<\/a> \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902) \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0938\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930\u092a\u0902\u0925\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/a> 1930 \u0914\u0930 1935 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/richard-bedford-viscount-bennett\/\">\u0906\u0930 \u092c\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/great-depression\/\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0921\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0913\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u090f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b-\u0938\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0928 \r\n \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b-\u0915\u0948\u0928\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0916\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u090f\u0915\u091c\u0941\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">1930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u0939\u0942\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094c\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932, \u091f\u094b\u0930\u0902\u091f\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092a\u0947\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u092c\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/a><\/a> \u092f\u0939\u0942\u0926\u0940-\u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0939\u0942\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u0935\u093e\u091c\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u091c\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">\u0907\u0924\u093e\u0932\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908, \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964 1920 \u0914\u0930 1930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0935\u0948\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u094c\u0916\u094b\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \r\n \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f \u0925\u0947\u0964 1942 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hutterites\/\">\u0939\u091f\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 1947 \r\n \u0938\u0947 1972 \u0924\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0939\u091f\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f<\/a> \u0915\u0949\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0936\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0925\u0940, \u0916\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964 1937-38, 1940 \u0914\u0930 1941-42 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940-\u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0939\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932 \u0917\u0908\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0932 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u0915 \u0936\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u094d\u0935\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \r\n \u092b\u0930\u0935\u0930\u0940 1942 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0924\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 22,000 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u0947 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947\r\n\u0964 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0947\u091a \u0926\u0940\u0964 1945 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0948\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0932\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092f\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0902\u0964 \r\n \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 1947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0906\u0935\u091c\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 1949 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \r\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/civil-liberties\/\">\u0938\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0932 \u0932\u093f\u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940\u095b<\/a> \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902.) \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u0908 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\">\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940<\/a> \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \r\n \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u091f\u0932\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0939\u093f\u091f\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u0942\u0926\u0940-\u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n1944 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/united-nations\/\">\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930<\/a> \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0914\u0930 1948 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \r\n \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u0935\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094b\u091f \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e (1947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940, 1949 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940)\u0964 \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \r\n \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u0932\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0938\u0940 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n1945 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u093e, \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924, \u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0928 (1951) \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0908 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \r\n\u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935\u0924: 1950 \u0914\u0930 1960 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0940\u092f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/human-rights\/\">\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/a> \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947, \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-bill-of-rights\/\">\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u093f\u0932 \u0911\u092b\u093c \u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0938 (1960) \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/a> \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u090f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b-\u0938\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0928 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u093f\u091f\u0932\u0930 \r\n \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 1950 \u0914\u0930 1960 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u090f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b-\u0938\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \r\n \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0940\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/royal-commission-on-bilingualism-and-biculturalism\/\">\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 1960 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">\u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/a> \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 - \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 1970 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 - \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0964 1971 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 95 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \r\n \u0915\u094b \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 25 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u0926 1996 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f, \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">\u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915<\/a> \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0917\u0941\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 11 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n19 \u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0914\u0930 20 \u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/a> \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/indian-act\/\"><em>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/em><\/a> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0948\u0924\u0943\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u092b\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/christianity\/\">\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-reserves\/\">\u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930<\/a> \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0925\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0908\u0938\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930, \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0908\u0938\u093e\u0908 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/a> \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f \r\n \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924, \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/residential-schools\/\">\u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932\u094b\u0902<\/a> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0915\u092d\u0940-\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u094c\u0928 \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0916\u094b \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0947\u0964 \r\n \u0928\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-languages\/\">\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/a> \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \r\n \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indian\/\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f<\/a> \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/missions-and-missionaries\/\">\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/a> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \r\n \u0915\u092d\u0940-\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0921\u0902\u092c\u0928\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \r\n \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947, \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092f\u094b\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0939 \u0926\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0925\u0940 (<em>\u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-peoples-and-the-world-wars\/\">\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927<\/a>)\u0964 \r\n\u092f\u0939 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0925\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0917\u091c \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094c\u091f \u0906\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u091d\u0947\u0932\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-suffrage\/\">\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0924\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \r\n \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0932\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e (\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092e\u0924\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/a><\/em> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939 \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \r\n \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0935\u0948\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-political-organization-and-activism\/\">\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924<\/a> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0917\u090f, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0947\u0964 1960 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/john-diefenbaker\/\">\u0921\u093e\u0907\u092b\u093c\u0947\u0928\u092c\u0947\u0915\u0930<\/a> \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0924\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908\u0964 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092c\u0926\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \r\n \u0935\u0902\u0936, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f, \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094c\u0930\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \r\n 1969 \u0915\u0947 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/white-paper\/\">\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/a> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0916\u093e\u0930\u093f\u091c \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n1950 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u090f, \u0924\u092c \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938, \u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e; \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u090f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \r\n \u0915\u0940, \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/land-claims\/\">\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0926\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0932\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/northwest-territories\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-self-government\/\">\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0905\u092c \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/truth-and-reconciliation-commission\/\">\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u0939 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/a> \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0932\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nunavut\/\">\u0928\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/inuit\/\">\u0907\u0928\u0941\u0907\u091f<\/a>, \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nisgaa\/\">\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0917\u093e<\/a> \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/gwichin\/\">\u0917\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0928<\/a> \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u0905\u092c \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0928\u0902\u0926 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \r\n<\/a><\/a> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<blockquote><p>\r\n<iframe sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-popups\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"185\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.radiopublic.com\/e?if=the-secret-life-of-canada-Ww0QnZ&amp;ge=s1!c5e85b6b1ca74ec97c36fd6d608704fc34d10cd3\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n<\/p><p> <\/p>\u0915\u0908 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u0941 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u092a\u091a\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0928, \u090f\u0928\u092c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0908\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <span style=\"font-family: \" gotham=\"\" ssm=\"\" a\",=\"\" \"gotham=\"\" b\",=\"\" \"helvetica=\"\" neue\",=\"\" arial,=\"\" sans-serif;=\"\" font-size:=\"\" 15px;\"=\"\"><\/span><p><b>\u0928\u094b\u091f<\/b><i>: <i>\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928<\/i> \u092b\u0932\u0947\u0928 \u091c\u0949\u0928\u0938\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0906 \u0938\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0928 \u092c\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u090f\u0928\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u0949\u0921\u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/i> <\/p>\r\n <p><\/p><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n<h3> \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0949\u091f? <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u201c\u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u201d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \r\n \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932 \u0909\u0920\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b \r\n \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940) \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 1982 \u0924\u0915 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0911\u092b \u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0921\u092e \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/a> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n1991 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u0902\u0917\u0938 \u0930\u0940\u0921 \u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0939\u0926 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0927\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0927\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \r\n \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/statistics-canada\/\">\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (2003) \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e<\/a> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f 93 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \r\n \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f-\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092f\u0926 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0940, \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947<\/a> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u092f\u094c\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938, \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-rights\/\">\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940<\/a> \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092d\u0940 2000 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \r\n1990 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094b\u0930\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u0947\u0964 2001 \u0924\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0915\u0930 13.4 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0914\u0930 2006 \u0924\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e 16.2 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u093e\u0964 2011 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \r\n \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 19 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0925\u0947 \u2014 2031 \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 14.4 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \r\n<\/p>","slug":"paravagarahiahiourahibhiathiabhiava","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"hi","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-02-12T20:11:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-02-12T20:11:41.000000Z"},{"id":"9dde79d7-4a95-4c0d-b246-bd17dc960e31","article_id":"87431","title":"Prejudice and Discrimination in Canada [\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ud3b8\uacac\uacfc \ucc28\ubcc4]","summary":"\ud3b8\uacac\uc774\ub780 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubbfc\uc871, \uc885\uad50 \ub610\ub294 \uc778\uc885\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uac1c\uc778\uc774\ub098 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadfc\uac70 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubd80\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc804 \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ucc28\ubcc4\uc740 \ud3b8\uacac \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc778\uc774\ub098 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/53fa1c39-873e-4b13-ad8f-64872464d594.jpg\" title=\"&lt;em>\uace0\ub9c8\uac00\ud0c0 \ub9c8\ub8e8&lt;\/em>\" alt=\"&lt;em>\uace0\ub9c8\uac00\ud0c0 \ub9c8\ub8e8&lt;\/em>\">\r\n\t<figcaption>1914\ub144 \ub3d9\uc778\ub3c4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 <em>\uace0\ub9c8\uac00\ud0c0 \ub9c8\ub8e8\uac00<\/em> \ubc34\ucfe0\ubc84\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc790 \ubc34\ucfe0\ubc84\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3ed\ub825\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uc704\uac00 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uc785\uad6d\uc774 \uac70\ubd80\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\ubc34\ucfe0\ubc84 \uacf5\ub9bd \ub3c4\uc11c\uad00 \uc81c\uacf5).<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\ud3b8\uacac\uc774\ub780 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ethnic-identity\/\">\ubbfc\uc871<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/religion\/\">\uc885\uad50<\/a> \ub610\ub294 \uc778\uc885\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uac1c\uc778\uc774\ub098 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadfc\uac70 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubd80\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc804 \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\uc778\uc885\ucc28\ubcc4 \ucc38\uc870).<\/a><\/em>\ucc28\ubcc4\uc740 \ud3b8\uacac \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc778\uc774\ub098 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \uc624\ub79c \r\n \ud3b8\uacac\uacfc \ucc28\ubcc4\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \ucd5c\uadfc \uba87 \uc138\ub300 \ub3d9\uc548 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub97c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubbfc\uc871\uacfc \ubb38\ud654\uac00 \uc5b4\uc6b0\ub7ec\uc9c4 \ub098\ub77c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub178\ub825\ud574 \uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud3c9\ub4f1\uc740 \uad8c\ub9ac \ubc0f \uc790\uc720 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">\ud5cc\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ud638\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/a>.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>\uc870\uae30 \uc815\ucc29 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ud3b8\uacac\uc740 \uc815\ucc29 \ucd08\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac70\uc2ac\ub7ec \uc62c\ub77c\uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/slavery-of-indigenous-people-in-canada\/\">\uc774\ub294 17\uc138\uae30\uc640 18\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\"><\/a>\uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uacfc<\/a> \uc720\ub7fd \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uac1c\ucc99\uc790 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc758 \ub178\uc608 \uc81c\ub3c4 <em>\ucc38\uc870<\/em>).<\/a>\r\n\uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\uc758 \uacac\ud574\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \u201c\uace0\uadc0\ud55c \uc57c\ub9cc\uc778\u201d\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\ubd80\ud130 \uc601\ud63c\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc57c\ub9cc\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uace0 \uc591\uba74\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/confederation\/\">\uc5f0\ubc29<\/a> \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-french-relations\/\">\uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc-\ud504\ub791\uc2a4<\/a> \uad00\uacc4\uc640 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\">\uc601\uad6d-\uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc<\/a> \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub450 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ubaa8\ub450 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fur-trade\/\">\ubaa8\ud53c \ubb34\uc5ed\uc758<\/a> \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \r\n \uc774\uc775\uc740 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uac1c\ucc99\uc790\uc640 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \uac04\uc758 \uacac\ub51c \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud611\ub825 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uacf5\uace0\ud788 \ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">\uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc: \uc870\uc57d<\/a> <em>\ucc38\uc870<\/em>).\r\n\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud1a0\ucc29\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uacbd\uc81c \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \ub3d5\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc7a5\uc560\ubb3c\ub85c \uc778\uc2dd\ub418\uba74\uc11c \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc815\ucc29\uc740 \uad00\uacc4 \uc545\ud654\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\ucd08\uae30 \uc720\ub7fd\uc778 \uc815\ucc29\uacfc \ub4a4\uc774\uc740 1759-60\ub144 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">\uc815\ubcf5<\/a>, \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc758 \uc9c0\ub9ac\uc801 \uace0\ub9bd\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub85c \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc-\uc720\ub7fd \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc138\ub825 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\"><\/a> \uc810\ucc28 \ub35c \uc911\uc694\ud574\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc601\uad6d\uacfc \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc \uac04\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801, \uc815\uce58\uc801, \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801, \uc885\uad50\uc801 \ud611\ub825\uacfc \uacbd\uc7c1\uc740 1750\ub144\ub300\ubd80\ud130 \ud604\uc7ac\uae4c\uc9c0 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ubc1c\uc804\uc758 \ub9ce\uc740 \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc88c\uc6b0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\ud3b8\uacac\uacfc \ucc28\ubcc4\uc740 \uc591\uce21 \ubaa8\ub450\uc5d0\uac8c \uc874\uc7ac\ud588\ub2e4.\ub450 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc740 \uae30\uc220\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\uc744 \ub454 \uc11c\uad6c \ubb38\ud654\ub97c \uacf5\uc720\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uadf8 \uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uacfc \uadf8 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ud3b8\uacac\uacfc \ucc28\ubcc4\uc758 \uc885\ub958\ub294 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc-\uc815\ucc29\ubbfc \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc9d3\ub294 \uac83\uacfc\ub294 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \ub2ec\ub790\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \uc720\uc785 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\uc601\uad6d\uc778, \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc778, \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud55c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uc778\uad6c \uc218\ub294 19\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0\uae4c\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud574\ub3c4 \uc801\uc740 \ud3b8\uc774\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub54c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc5ec \uc8fc\ub85c \uc11c\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc601\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \r\n \ube44 \uc601\uad6d \ubc0f \ube44 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc744 \uc8fc\ub85c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uacbd\uc81c \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uac00\uc18d\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uacbc\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc601\uad6d\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc774\ubbfc\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801, \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce60 \uac83\uc744 \uc6b0\ub824\ud558\uba70 \uac1c\ubc29\ud615 \uc774\ubbfc \uc815\ucc45\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a>\r\n\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc815\ucc45\uc774 \uc5f0\ubc29 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub839 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \ub354\uc6b1 \uc57d\ud654\uc2dc\ud0ac \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ubc18\ub300\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc601\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc774 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\ub78c\uc9c1\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \ud3b8\uacac\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n19\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\uacfc 20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08\ubc18\uc5d0\ub294 \uc11c\uad6c \uc138\uacc4 \uc804\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c4\ubcf4\uc640 \ubc31\uc778 \uc6b0\uc6d4\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubbff\uc74c\uc774 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud558\uac8c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/imperialism\/\">\uc601\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc575\uae00\ub85c\uc0c9\uc2a8 \ubbfc\uc871\uacfc \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc815\ubd80 \uc6d0\uce59\uc774 \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc801 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/evolution\/\">\uc9c4\ud654\uc758<\/a> \uc815\uc810\uc774\uba70 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uc704\ub300\ud568\uc740 \uc575\uae00\ub85c\uc0c9\uc2a8 \uc720\uc0b0\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubbff\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758 \ucc38\uc870). \r\n<\/a><\/em>\r\n\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \uc120\ud638\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ud3c9\uac00\ub294 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc601\uad6d \ubb38\ud654\uc640 \uc2e0\uccb4\uc801 \uc720\ud615\uc5d0 \uc21c\uc751\ud558\ub294 \uc815\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uac70\uc758 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc601\uad6d\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ubc14\ub78c\uc9c1\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8 \ub4a4\ub97c \uc774\uc5b4 \ubd81\uc720\ub7fd\uc778\uacfc \r\n \uc11c\uc720\ub7fd\uc778, \uc911\ubd80 \ubc0f \ub3d9\ubd80 \uc720\ub7fd\uc778, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\uc720\ub300\uc778\uacfc<\/a> \ub0a8\uc720\ub7fd\uc778\uc774 \uadf8 \ub4a4\ub97c \uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/hutterites\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/mennonites\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/doukhobors\/\">\ub3c5\uc77c\uc5b4\uad8c \ud6c4\ud130\ub77c\uc774\ud2b8\uc640 \uba54\ub178\ub098\uc774\ud2b8, \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \r\n \ub450\ud638\ubcf4\ub974 \uac19\uc740 \ud3c9\ud654\uc8fc\uc758 \uc885\uad50 \uc885\ud30c\ub4e4\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ubc11\ubc14\ub2e5\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/a><\/a><\/a>\r\n\uc774\ub4e4 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc740 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uacfc \uc77c\ubc18 \ub300\uc911\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \ubb36\uc600\ub2e4.\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uace0\ub9bd\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ub3d9\ud654\uac00 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc808\uc57d\uacfc \uadfc\uba74\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc790\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uace0, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/pacifism\/\">\ud3c9\ud654\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ud5cc\uc2e0\uc5d0<\/a> \uc758\uad6c\uc2ec\uc744 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \ube14\ub799 \uc564 \uc544\uc2dc\uc548 \uc775\uc2a4\ud53c\ub9ac\uc5b8\uc2a4 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\ud751\uc778\uacfc \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uacc4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\uc911\uad6d\uc778<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/japanese-canadians\/\">\uc77c\ubcf8\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/south-asians\/\">\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778<\/a>) \ub294 \uc5f4\ub4f1\ud55c \uc874\uc7ac\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub418\uc5b4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub3d9\ud654\ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5f0\ubc29 \uc774\uc804 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \ud3b8\uacac\uc5d0 \ubd80\ub52a\ud614\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/a>.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/new-france\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/british-north-america\/\">\ub178\uc608 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub274\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc640 \uc601\uad6d\ub839 \ubd81\ubbf8\uc5d0\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/slavery\/\">\ub178\uc608\uc81c\uac00<\/a> \uc874\uc7ac\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<\/a><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/upper-canada\/\">1860\ub144\ub300\uae4c\uc9c0 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uac70\uc8fc\ud558\ub358 40,000\uba85\uc758 \ud751\uc778\uc5d0\ub294 \ub274\ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ub178\uc608\uc758 \ud6c4\uc190, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/loyalists\/\">\ucda9\uc131\ud30c<\/a>, \r\n \uc790\uba54\uc774\uce74 \ub9c8\ub8ec, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/war-of-1812\/\">1812\ub144 \uc804\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c<\/a> \uc778\ud55c \ubbf8\uad6d \ub09c\ubbfc, \ub178\uc608 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ud53c\ud574 \uc5b4\ud37c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub85c \uc628 \ub3c4\ub9dd\uc790 \ub4f1\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a> \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\ub9ce\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ub3c4\ub355\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ub178\uc608\uc81c\ub97c \ubc18\ub300\ud558\uace0 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \ub09c\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc744 \ub3c4\uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ud751\uc778 \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc720\uc785\uc744 \ub450\ub824\uc6cc\ud588\uace0, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \ub099\ud6c4\uc801\uc774\uace0, \ubb34\uc9c0\ud558\uace0, \ubd80\ub3c4\ub355\ud558\uace0, \ubc94\uc8c4\uc801\uc774\uba70, \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc704\ud611\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uacbc\ub2e4.\ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uac12\uc2fc \ub178\ub3d9\ub825\uc758 \r\n \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc73c\ub85c \ucde8\uae09\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.1833\ub144 \ub300\uc601\uc81c\uad6d \uc804\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ub178\uc608\uc81c\uac00 \ucd5c\uc885\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud3d0\uc9c0\ub41c \uc774\ud6c4, \ud751\uc778 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ubc95\uc801 \uc7a5\ubcbd\uc740 \uc904\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ud3b8\uacac\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uba74\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\uac00\uc7a5 \ub110\ub9ac \ud37c\uc9c4 \ud569\ubc95\ud654\ub41c \ucc28\ubcc4 \ud328\ud134 \uc911 \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 1850\ub144\ub300\ubd80\ud130 1950\ub144\ub300\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubc18\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc815\uc11c\uac00 \ub9cc\uc5f0\ud588\ub358 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">\ube0c\ub9ac\ud2f0\uc2dc \uceec\ub7fc\ube44\uc544\uc5d0<\/a> \uc815\ucc29\ud55c \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778\uc740 \uc678\uacc4\uc778\uc774\uc790 \uc5f4\ub4f1\ud55c \uc874\uc7ac\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc870\uc9c1\ud654\ub41c \ub178\ub3d9 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc31\uc778 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc801\uc740 \ub3c8\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uaebc\uc774 \uc77c\ud560 \uc758\ud5a5\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubc31\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \uc77c\uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \ube7c\uc557\uace0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c \uc218\uc900\uc744 \ub0ae\ucdc4\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4.\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778\uc740 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \r\n \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc678\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc815\ucc45\uc0c1 \uace0\uc6a9\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uacc4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc801\uc740 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p><iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eZyvg_87e6o\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><br><\/iframe><\/p><p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nBC \uc8fc\uc758 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc801 \uc785\ubc95\uacfc \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uad00\ud589\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc911\uad6d\uc778, \uc77c\ubcf8\uc778 \ubc0f \ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778\uc740 \ud22c\ud45c\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uace0, \ubc95\ub960 \ub610\ub294 \uc57d\ud559 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uace0, \uacf5\uc9c1\uc5d0 \uc120\ucd9c\ub418\uac70\ub098, \ubc30\uc2ec\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uacf5\uacf5 \uc0ac\uc5c5, \uad50\uc721 \ub610\ub294 \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uacbd\ub825\uc744 \uc313\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5ec\ub860\uc740 \ud3ed\ub825\uc801\uc778 \ubc18\uc911\uad6d \ubc0f \ubc18\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\ub7ec \ucc28\ub840 \ud45c\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uac00\uc7a5 \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc740 1887\ub144\uacfc 1907\ub144\uc5d0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">\ubc34\ucfe0\ubc84\uc5d0\uc11c<\/a> \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n\ub610\ud55c \ubc18\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub294 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778\uc744 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-school\/\">\uacf5\ub9bd\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c<\/a> \ubc30\uc81c\ud558\uace0, \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud1a0\uc9c0 \ud310\ub9e4\ub97c \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\uace0, \uc77c\ubcf8 \uc5b4\ubd80\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc1c\uae09\ub418\ub294 \uba74\ud5c8 \uc218\ub97c \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n1892\ub144\uacfc 1907\ub144\uc5d0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\/\">\uc54c\ubc84\ud0c0<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\/\">\ud018\ubca1<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\/\">\ub178\ubc14\uc2a4\ucf54\uc0e4<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/saskatchewan\/\">\uc11c\uc2a4\uce90\ucc98\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4<\/a> \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \ubc18\uc911\uad6d \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc \ubc31\uc778 \uc5ec\uc131\uc774 \uc911\uad6d\uc778 \ub610\ub294 \uc77c\ubcf8\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc774 \uc18c\uc720\ud55c \r\n \uc2dd\ub2f9, \uc138\ud0c1\uc18c \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uae08\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\uc548\uc774 \ud1b5\uacfc\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\ud751\uc778 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\ub3c4 19\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\uacfc 20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08\uc911\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ud0dd, \uace0\uc6a9 \ubc0f \uacf5\uacf5 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc774\uc6a9 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \ucc28\ubcc4 \ud328\ud134\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uba74\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ud638\ud154\uacfc \uc2dd\ub2f9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub97c \ubc1b\uac70\ub098 \uadf9\uc7a5\uacfc \r\n \uc218\uc601\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc785\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc744 \uacaa\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub54c\ub54c\ub85c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub41c \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uac15\uc81c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc84c\ub294\ub370, \ud2b9\ud788 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc9d1\uc911\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \ub178\ubc14\uc2a4\ucf54\uc0e4\uc640 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\/\">\uc628\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc624\uc8fc\uc758<\/a> \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \r\n\ud751\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc28\ubcc4\uc740 \ub54c\ub54c\ub85c \ud3ed\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub450 \ucc28\ub840\uc758 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804\uc5d0\uc11c \uad70\ub300\ub294 \ud751\uc778, \uc911\uad6d\uc778, \uc77c\ubcf8\uc778, \ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc785\ub300\uc790\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uae30\ub97c \uaebc\ub838\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uac01 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \uacb0\uad6d \ubcf5\ubb34\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2SwNa0H4s0s\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> 20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08\ubc18 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\ud55c\ud3b8 \uc911\uad6d\uc778\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc740 \u201c\uc778\ub450\uc138\u201d\ub85c \uc5b5\uc81c\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 1923\ub144 \uc911\uad6d \uc774\ubbfc\ubc95\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc911\ub2e8\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.1907\ub144 \uc77c\ubcf8\uacfc \uc2e0\uc0ac \ud611\uc815\uc744 \ub9fa\uc5b4 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc758 \uc218\ub97c \uc81c\ud55c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.1907\ub144\uc5d0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/order-in-council\/\">\uc758\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\ub3c4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc744 \uae08\uc9c0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/a>.\ub610\ud55c \uc815\ubd80\ub294 1906\ub144, 1910\ub144, 1919\ub144\uc5d0 \uc720\ub7fd \uc774\ubbfc\uc744 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uc774\ubbfc\ubc95\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.1896\ub144\ubd80\ud130 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\uc81c2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804<\/a> \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \r\n \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc774\ubbfc (\ud2b9\ud788 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uac70\uc758 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0) \uc774 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub839 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \ud6fc\uc190\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc601\uad6d\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc758 \uc74c\ubaa8\ub77c\uace0 \ube44\ub09c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\uc774\ubbfc\uc740 \uc628\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc624\uc640 \uc11c\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc\ud07c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uacf5\uacf5 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud018\ubca1\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud55c \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uac00 \uac70\uc758 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/french-canadian-nationalism\/\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 1914\ub144\uc774 \ub418\uc790 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">\ubaac\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc62c\uc758<\/a> \uc720\ud0dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uac15\ub825\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/anti-semitism\/\">\ubc18\uc720\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc758<\/a><\/a> \ud76c\uc0dd\uc790\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \ud3b8\uacac\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ub86f\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/liberalism\/\">\uc720\ub300\uc778\uc740 \ucc29\ucde8\uc790, \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \ub3c4\ub355\uacfc \ubb38\uba85\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc704\ud611, \uad6d\uc81c\uc8fc\uc758, \uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758, \ubcfc\uc170\ube44\uc998, \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc8fc\uc758, \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc0dd\ud65c\uc758 \uc545\uc758 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc73c\ub85c \ubb18\uc0ac\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a> \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\uad50\ud30c\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\uc744 \ub454 \ud559\uad50 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub300\uc778\uc774 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc704\uce58\uc640 \uc77c\uc694\uc77c \ud734\uad50\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubaac\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc62c\uc758 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc778\uacfc \uc601\uad6d\uc778\uc774 \uc5f0\ub8e8\ub41c \uacf5\uac1c \ub17c\ub780\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4.\uc720\ub300\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \r\n \ubc18\ubaa9\uc740 \uc774\ub530\uae08 \ubb18\uc9c0 \ud6fc\uc190 \ud589\uc704\uc640 \uac70\ub9ac \uc2f8\uc6c0\uc73c\ub85c \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0ac\ub2e4.\uc720\ud0dc\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc758 \uc801\ub300\uac10\uc740 \uc601\uc5b4\uad8c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ucd08\uac1c\uc2e0\uad50\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc801\ub300\uac10\uacfc \ubcd1\ud589\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.\uc774 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">\uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc758 \uad74\uc885\uc801 \ub3c4\uad6c\uc774\uc790 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc758<\/a> \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ub3d9\ub9f9\uc790\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ud588\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n20\uc138\uae30 \uc804\ud658\uae30 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ubbfc\uc871\uc801 \uace0\uc815\uad00\ub150\uc740 \uc911\ubd80, \ub3d9\ubd80, \ub0a8\ubd80 \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\uacfc \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778\uc758 \ub18d\ubbfc \uae30\uc6d0\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774 \ucc45\uc740 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uac00\ub09c\ud558\uace0, \ubb38\ub9f9\uc774\uace0, \ubcd1\ub4e4\uace0, \ub3c4\ub355\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud5c8\uc57d\ud558\uace0, \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\ud328\ud558\uace0, \uc885\uad50\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\uc871\ud55c \uc874\uc7ac\ub85c \ubb18\uc0ac\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/gambling\/\">\uc911\ubd80 \ubc0f \ub0a8\ubd80 \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\uc758 \uc74c\uc8fc, \ud3ed\ub825, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/crime\/\">\ubc94\uc8c4<\/a> \uacbd\ud5a5\uacfc \uc911\uad6d\uc778\uc758 \ub9c8\uc57d, \ub3c4\ubc15, \ubc31\uc778 \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \uc131\ud5a5\uc740 \uc9c0\ubc30\uc801 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac15\ub825\ud558\uace0 \ub300\uc911\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a>\ubbfc\uc871\uc801 \ube44\ubc29\uc740 1950\ub144\ub300 \uc774\uc804 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \ub110\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \uc804\uc2dc \ubc15\ud574 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\ucc28\ubcc4\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c1\uc5c5\uacfc \uc18c\ub4dd\uc774 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/vertical-mosaic\/\">\uc218\uc9c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c<\/a> \uc5c7\uac08\ub9ac\uac8c \ub41c \uc694\uc778 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc601\uad6d\uacc4 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ucd5c\uc0c1\uc704\uad8c\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud588\uace0, \r\n \uc911\uad6d\uc778\uacfc \ud751\uc778 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud615\ud3b8\uc5c6\ub294 \uc9c1\uc5c5\uc744 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/elites\/\">\uc601\uad6d\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uadf8\ub8f9\uacfc \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc740 \uacbd\uc81c\ub825\uc774 \uac70\uc758 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc815\uce58, \uad50\uc721 \ub610\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-service\/\">\uacf5\uacf5 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uc758<\/a> \uc911\uac04 \uacc4\uce35\uc5d0 \ud06c\uac8c \uc9c4\ucd9c\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uac83\uc740 2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804 \uc774\ud6c4\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8 \ucc38\uc870).<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/nationalism\/\">\ubc31\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc18c\uc218 \ubbfc\uc871\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud3b8\uacac\uacfc \ucc28\ubcc4 \uc218\uc900\uc740 \uc804\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uaca9\ub82c\ud588\ub358 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0\ub9cc \ubc31\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">1\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804<\/a> \ub2f9\uc2dc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\">\ub3c5\uc77c\uc778\uacfc<\/a> \uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544-\ud5dd\uac00\ub9ac \uc81c\uad6d \ucd9c\uc2e0 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ud3b8\uacac\uacfc \ubc15\ud574\uc758 \ud53c\ud574\uc790\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\u201c\uc801 \uc678\uacc4\uc778\u201d\uc740 \uc9c1\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\uace0\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \uacbd\ucc30\uc758 \uac10\uc2dc\ub97c \ubc1b\uac70\ub098 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/internment\/\">\uc218\uc6a9\uc18c\uc5d0 \uc218\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/a>.\uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5b4\ud559\uc6d0\uacfc \r\n \ub9ce\uc740 \uad50\ud68c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubb38\uc744 \ub2eb\uc558\uace0, \uc2e0\ubb38\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0\ub294 \uac80\uc5f4\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uac00 \uc810\ucc28 \ud0c4\uc555\uc744 \ub2f9\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc804\uc7c1 \uc911\uc5d0\ub294 \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a8 \uad70\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \ubbfc\uac04\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ub3c5\uc77c \ud074\ub7fd\uacfc \ub3c5\uc77c \uc18c\uc720 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uccb4 \uac74\ubb3c\uc744 \uacf5\uaca9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ucda9\uc131\uc2ec\uacfc \ubb38\ud654\uc801, \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc801 \ud1b5\uc77c\uc131\uc740 \ub3d9\uc758\uc5b4\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc84c\ub2e4. \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\ud3c9\ud654\uc8fc\uc758 \uc885\uad50 \uc885\ud30c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc18\ub300\ub3c4 \uc804\uc7c1 \uc911\uc5d0 \uc2ec\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774\ub294 \uacb0\uad6d 1919\ub144 \ud3c9\uc758\ud68c \uba85\ub839 (1920\ub144\ub300 \ud3d0\uc9c0) \uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc838 \uc774\ub4e4 \ub2e8\uccb4 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\uc758 \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae08\uc9c0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.1919\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1953\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 BC \uc8fc\uc758 \ub450\ud06c\ud638\ubc84 \uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \ud22c\ud45c\uad8c\uc744 \ubc15\ud0c8\ub2f9\ud588\uace0, \r\n \uc774 \uae08\uc9c0\ub839\uc740 1934\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1955\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc5f0\ubc29 \ucc28\uc6d0\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\ub300\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.1\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804 \ucc38\uc804 \uc6a9\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uadc0\ud658\uacfc \uc804\ud6c4 \uacbd\uc81c \ubd88\ud669\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\ud654\uc8fc\uc758 \uc885\ud30c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc801\ub300\uac10\uc774 \uadf9\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud588\uace0 \uae09\uc9c4 \uc815\uce58 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \uc0b6\uc5d0 \uc704\ud611\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \ubbff\uc74c\uc774 \ucee4\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\uc2ac\ub77c\ube0c \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \u201c\uad73\uac74\ud55c \ub18d\ubbfc\u201d\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc704\ud5d8\ud55c \ud601\uba85\uac00\ub85c \uc778\uc2dd\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n1920\ub144\ub300 \ucd08\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc911\ubd80, \ub0a8\ubd80 \ubc0f \ub3d9\ubd80 \uc720\ub7fd \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \u201c\ube44\uc120\ud638\u201d \ubc0f \uc81c\ud55c\ub41c \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \ubc94\uc8fc\ub85c \ubd84\ub958\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 1920\ub144\ub300 \uc911\ubc18, \ub300\uc911\uc758 \uc555\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud558\uc5ec \uc5f0\ubc29 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uacbd\uc81c \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \ucd09\uc9c4\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubc29\uc548\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\ub7fd\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc \r\n \uaddc\uc81c\ub97c \uc644\ud654\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.1920\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ubc29 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 185,000\uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc911\ubd80 \ubc0f \ub3d9\ubd80 \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\uacfc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\">\uba54\ub178\ub098\uc774\ud2b8<\/a> \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \ub18d\ubd80, \ub18d\uc7a5 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790 \ubc0f \uac00\uc0ac\ub3c4\uc6b0\ubbf8\ub85c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc785\uad6d\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \ubc31\ub798\uc2dc <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc758 \ubb3c\uacb0\uc740 \ud3b8\uacac\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc77c\uae68\uc6e0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">\ucfe0 \ud074\ub7ed\uc2a4 \ud074\ub79c (KKK<\/a>), \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \uc120\uc988, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/orange-order\/\">\uc624\ub80c\uc9c0 \uc624\ub354 (Orange Order<\/a>) \uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \u201c\uc575\uae00\ub85c\uc0c9\uc2a8\u201d \uc131\uaca9\uc5d0 \uc704\ud611\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \ube44\ud310\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uba87\uba87 \ub2e8\uccb4, \ud2b9\ud788 KKK\ub294 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubc18\ub300\ud588\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/manitoba\/\">\ud074\ub79c\uc740 1920\ub144\ub300 \ucd08\uc5d0 \ubaac\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc62c, \uc628\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc624, BC, \ub9e4\ub2c8\ud1a0\ubc14\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\uc9c1\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a>1920\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18 \uc11c\uc2a4\uce90\ucc98\uc6d0 \uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud68c\uc6d0 \uc218\uac00 20,000\uba85\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">\ud074\ub79c\uc740 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc0ac\uc5c5\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\uc774\ucf67\uc744 \uc870\uc9c1\ud558\uace0, \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub098 \r\n \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc870\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud611\ud558\uace0, \uc5f0\ubc29 \uc774\ubbfc \uc815\ucc45\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\uace0, \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\uace0, \uc778\uc885 \uac04 \uacb0\ud63c\uacfc \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad-\uac1c\uc2e0\uad50 \uacb0\ud63c\uc744 \ub9c9\uc73c\ub824 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/a>\ud074\ub79c\uc740 \uc11c\uc2a4\uce90\ucc98\uc6d0 \uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uac15\ub825\ud558\uc5ec 1929\ub144 \uc9c0\ubc29 \uc120\uac70\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc720\ub2f9\uc744 \ud328\ubc30\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub370 \uae30\uc5ec\ud588\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\ud3b8\uacac\uacfc \ucc28\ubcc4\uc758 \uc545\uc21c\ud658\uc740 1930\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc2ec\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/communist-party-of-canada\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fascism\/\">\uc575\uae00\ub85c\uc0c9\uc2a8\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uacaa\uc5c8\ub358 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc740 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 (\uacf5\uc0b0\ub2f9 \ucc38\uc870) \ub098 \ud30c\uc2dc\uc998\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uae09\uc9c4\uc801 \uc815\uce58 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc774\ub04c\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc28\ubcc4\uc774 \uac15\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n<\/a><\/a>1930\ub144\uc5d0\uc11c 1935\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/richard-bedford-viscount-bennett\/\">R.B<\/a>. Bennett \uc218\uc0c1\uc740 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \uc88c\uc808\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubc29\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\ubc29\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/great-depression\/\">\ub300\uacf5\ud669<\/a> \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc11c\ubd80\uc640 \uc628\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc624\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ub178\ub3d9 \ubd84\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc575\uae00\ub85c\uc0c9\uc2a8\uc871\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc678\uad6d \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uc5ec \ub178\ub3d9 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \ud30c\uad34\ud558\uace0 \ud30c\uc5c5 \r\n \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\uc6a9\uc744 \ub5a8\uc5b4\ub728\ub9ac\ub824\ub294 \uc575\uae00\ub85c-\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uacbd\uc601\uc9c4\uacfc \uc790\uc8fc \ub9de\uc11c\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \uc81c2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">1930\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uc720\ud0dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ube44\uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc8fc\uac70 \uc81c\ud55c, \ub300\ud559 \uc804\ubb38 \ud559\uad50\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\ub7c9, \ubaac\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc62c, \ud1a0\ub860\ud1a0, \uc704\ub2c8\ud399\uc758 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8 \uc18c\uc15c \ud074\ub7fd, \ud574\ubcc0 \ubc0f \ub9ac\uc870\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubc30\uc81c \ub4f1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a><\/a>\ubc18\uc720\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc774\ubbfc \uc815\ucc45\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\ub2e4.\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uce58\uc758 \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \ud53c\ud574 \ud53c\ub09c\ucc98\uac00 \uc808\uc2e4\ud788 \ud544\uc694\ud588\ub358 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc720\ud0dc\uc778 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubb38\uc744 \ub2eb\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\uc81c2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804 \uc911\uc5d0 \ub3c5\uc77c\uacfc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">\uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778<\/a>, \ud3c9\ud654\uc8fc\uc758 \uc885\ud30c \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc801\ub300\uac10\uc744 \ub290\uaf08\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uae30\uc6d0\uc804 1920\ub144\ub300\uc640 1930\ub144\ub300 \uc2dc\uace8 \uc9c0\ubc29\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub450\ud638\ubcf4\ub974\uc871\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub300\uc911\uc801 \ud3b8\uacac\uc774 \uc804\uc2dc \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n1942\ub144 \uc54c\ubc84\ud0c0 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc804\uc7c1 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \ud6c4\ud130\ub77c\uc774\ud2b8\uc5d0\uac8c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud1a0\uc9c0\ub97c \ud310\ub9e4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uae08\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\ub960\uc744 \ud1b5\uacfc\uc2dc\ucf30\uace0, 1947\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1972\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc54c\ubc84\ud0c0 \ubc95\ub960\uc740 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hutterites\/\">\ud6c4\ud130\ub77c\uc774\ud2b8<\/a> \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0\uac00 \uc18c\uc720\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud1a0\uc9c0\uc758 \uc591\uacfc \r\n \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \ud655\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc8fc\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \uc81c\ud55c\ud588\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\uc81c2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804 \uc774\uc804\uacfc \ub3c4\uc911\uc5d0 \uc77c\ubcf8\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc801\ub300\uac10\uc740 \ud2b9\ud788 BC \uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc18d\ub418\uace0 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\uace0 \uac15\ub82c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ubc18\uc77c \uac10\uc815\uc758 \ubb3c\uacb0\uc774 BC \uc8fc 1937-38\ub144, 1940\ub144, 1941-42\ub144\uc5d0 \ud729\uc4f8\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc9c4\uc8fc\ub9cc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc77c\ubcf8\uc758 \uacf5\uaca9\uc740 \uc77c\ubcf8\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud3ed\ub825\uc801\uc778 \uc801\ub300\uac10\uc744 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n1942\ub144 2\uc6d4, \uc5f0\ubc29 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ud0dc\ud3c9\uc591 \uc5f0\uc548 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ucca0\uc218\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uba85\ub839\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc57d 22,000\uba85\uc758 \uc77c\ubcf8\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc774 BC \uc8fc \ub0b4\ub959\uacfc \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9c0\ubc29\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc8fc\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uc778\uc885\uc801 \ud3b8\uacac\uc5d0 \uc2dc\ub2ec\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ub05d\ub0a0 \ubb34\ub835 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uadc0\ud658\uc744 \ub9c9\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc744 \ud314\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub610\ud55c 1945\ub144\uc774 \ub418\uc790 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc77c\ubcf8\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\ubc1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\ubcf8\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\ubc29\ub418\ub3c4\ub85d \uc7a5\ub824\ud588\uace0, \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ub05d\ub09c \ud6c4 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ucd94\ubc29 \uacc4\ud68d\uc774 \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\uc2dc\ubbfc\uad8c \ub2e8\uccb4\uc758 \uc555\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 1947\ub144\uc5d0 \ucd94\ubc29 \uba85\ub839\uc774 \ucca0\ud68c\ub418\uace0 \uc7ac\uc0b0 \uc190\uc2e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84 \ubcf4\uc0c1\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\uc73c\uba70 1949\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc778\uc774 \ud574\uc548\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac08 \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ud588\ub358 \uaddc\uc81c\uac00 \uc885\uc2dd\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/civil-liberties\/\">(\uc2dc\ubbfc\uc758 \uc790\uc720 \ucc38\uc870)<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\uc804\uc7c1 \uc911\uacfc \uc804\uc7c1 \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \ub9ce\uc740 \ubc1c\uc804\uc740 \ub610\ud55c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc18c\uc218 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud2b9\uc815 \ud3b8\uacac\uc744 \uc57d\ud654\uc2dc\ucf30\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc911\uad6d\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uacfc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\">\uc6b0\ud06c\ub77c\uc774\ub098\uacc4<\/a> \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc740 \uc804\uc7c1 \ub178\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uba85\uc131\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\uc0ac\ud68c \uac01\uacc4\uac01\uce35\uc758 \uc804\uc2dc \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ucc38\uc5ec\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc7a5\ubcbd\uc744 \ud5c8\ubb3c\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud788\ud2c0\ub7ec\uc640 \ub098\uce58\uc998\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud610\uc624\ub294 \uacb0\uad6d \ud788\ud2c0\ub7ec\uc758 \uc6b0\uc6d4\ud55c \uc778\uc885 \uac1c\ub150\uacfc \ubc18\uc720\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacf5\uac1c\uc801 \ud45c\ud604\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uac00 1944\ub144 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/united-nations\/\">\uc720\uc5d4<\/a> \ud5cc\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc11c\uba85\ud558\uace0 1948\ub144 \uc138\uacc4 \uc778\uad8c \uc120\uc5b8\uc5d0 \uc11c\uba85\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc758 \ucc28\ubcc4 \uc815\ucc45\uc774 \uc8fc\ubaa9\uc744 \ubc1b\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \r\n \uaca9\ub82c\ud55c \ub85c\ube44\uc640 \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \ub3d9\uc815\uc801\uc778 \ub300\uc911\uc758 \ud638\uac10 \uc18d\uc5d0 \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778\uc774 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud22c\ud45c\uad8c\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (1947\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778\uacfc \uc911\uad6d\uc778, 1949\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc778).\uc911\uad6d\uc778\uacfc \ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc \uae08\uc9c0\ub294 \ud3d0\uc9c0\ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uae30\uc874 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uad8c\uc790\uc758 \r\n \uc544\ub0b4\uc640 \uc790\ub140\ub9cc \uc774\ubbfc \uc790\uaca9\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \ub808\uac70\uc2dc <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n1945\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc720\ub9ac\ud558\uac8c \ud3b8\ud5a5\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4, \ud30c\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4, \uc2e4\ub860 (1951) \uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \uc18c\uc218\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4.\uc804\ud6c4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub354 \uc798 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc84c\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uc774\uc720 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc219\ub828\ub41c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n1950\ub144\ub300\uc640 1960\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad00\uc6a9\uc774 \uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \ub300\ub450\ub41c \uc8fc\ub41c \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \uc8fc\uc815\ubd80 \uc778\uad8c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-bill-of-rights\/\">\ubc95\uc548 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839, \r\n \uce90\ub098\ub2e4<\/a> \uc5f0\ubc29 \uad8c\ub9ac\uc7a5\uc804 (1960), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/human-rights\/\">\uc778\uad8c<\/a> \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uc124\ub9bd \ub4f1\uc774 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc575\uae00\ub85c\uc0c9\uc2a8 \uc778\uc885\ucc28\ubcc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac00\uc815\uacfc \uc874\uc911 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \uc57d\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc77c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774\ub294 \ud788\ud2c0\ub7ec\uc758 \uc778\uc885\ucc28\ubcc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud610\uc624, \uc138\uacc4 \uac15\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc1e0\ud1f4, \ubbf8\uad6d \uc2dc\ubbfc\uad8c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc131\uc7a5\uc758 \r\n \uacb0\uacfc\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.1950\ub144\ub300\uc640 1960\ub144\ub300\uc758 \ubc88\uc601\uc73c\ub85c \uc575\uae00\ub85c\uc0c9\uc2a8\uacc4 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc 2\uc138\ub300 \ubc0f 3\uc138\ub300 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc774\ub3d9\uc131\uc774 \ud5a5\uc0c1\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\ub610\ud55c \uc774\ub294 \uacc4\uae09\uacfc \ubbfc\uc871 \uac04\uc758 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \uacbd\uc9c1\ub41c \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc57d\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub370\ub3c4 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/royal-commission-on-bilingualism-and-biculturalism\/\">\uc774\uc911 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ubc0f \uc774\uc911\ubb38\ud654\uc8fc\uc758 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758<\/a> \uad8c\uace0, 1960\ub144\ub300 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uacf5\uc815\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">\uc774\ubbfc \uc815\ucc45\uc758<\/a> \ub3c4\uc785, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 1970\ub144\ub300\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\ud654 \uc99d\ub300\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc720\ub7fd \uc774\ubbfc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \uc720\uc785\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.1971\ub144 \uc778\uad6c \uc870\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 \uc57d 95% \uac00 \uc720\ub7fd\uacc4 \ud608\ud1b5\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 5% \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \ucc3e\uae30\uac00 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6e0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\ubd88\uacfc 25\ub144 \ub4a4\uc778 1996\ub144, \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \ubc31\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">\uac00\uc2dc\uc801 \uc18c\uc218\ubbfc\uc871<\/a> \uc778\uad6c\ub294 11% \ub85c \ub450 \ubc30\ub85c \ub298\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>\uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \uccb4\ud5d8 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n19\uc138\uae30\uc640 20\uc138\uae30\uc758 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub294 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc640 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc18c\uc218 \ubbfc\uc871\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud0dc\ub3c4\uc640 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc0ac\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub300\uc6b0\ub294 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">\uc870\uc57d\uacfc \uc778\ub3c4\ubc95\uc5d0 \uad6c\uccb4\ud654\ub41c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc9c0\uc704\uc640 \ubc95\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ub204\uadf8\ub7ec\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/indian-act\/\"><em>\uc778\ub3c4\ubc95\uc740<\/em><\/a> \uc544\uc9c1 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc885\uc2dd\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uac00\ubd80\uc7a5\uc801 \uc811\uadfc \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc870\uc7a5\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/a>. \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc744 \uad70\uc0ac \ub3d9\ub9f9\uc774\ub098 \ubaa8\ud53c \ubb34\uc5ed\uc758 \ud30c\ud2b8\ub108\ub85c \uc5ec\uacbc\ub358 \ub3d9\ub9f9 \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 \uc810\ucc28 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc744 \ubc1c\uc804\uc758 \ud6c4\uc9c4 \uac78\ub9bc\ub3cc\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \uad00\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uccb4\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/christianity\/\">\uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-reserves\/\">\ubcf4\ud638 \uad6c\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c<\/a> \uaca9\ub9ac\uc2dc\ucf30\uace0, \uc8fc\uc694 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uad50\ud30c\ub4e4\uacfc \uc5f0\uacc4\ud558\uc5ec \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \ub18d\uc5c5, \uad50\uc721, \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc758 \ub3c4\uc785\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \ub3d9\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub824 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/a>\r\n\ub9ce\uc740 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/residential-schools\/\">\uae30\uc219\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c<\/a> \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc218\ucc9c \uba85\uc758 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ub54c\ub54c\ub85c \uc2e0\uccb4\uc801, \uc131\uc801 \ud559\ub300\ub97c \ub2f9\ud588\uace0, \ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc640 \ubb38\ud654\ub97c \uc783\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \r\n\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-languages\/\">\uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc640<\/a> \ubb38\ud654\ub294 \uadfc\uc808\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uba70 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6b0\uc218\ud55c \uc0dd\ud65c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub3d9\ud654\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \r\n \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indian\/\">\uc778\ub3c4<\/a> \uc815\ubd80 \uc694\uc6d0\uacfc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/missions-and-missionaries\/\">\uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740<\/a> \r\n \ub54c\ub54c\ub85c \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc29\ubb38 \uadc0\ube48\uc774\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed \ubc15\ub78c\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ubb38\ud654\ub97c \uc804\uc2dc\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uad8c\uc7a5\ubc1b\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc804\uc2dc\ubb3c\uc740 \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \uae30\uc774\ud55c \uc794\uc7ac\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc544\uc774\ub7ec\ub2c8\ud558\uac8c\ub3c4, 1\ucc28 \r\n \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804 \uc911\uc5d0 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc785\ub300\uc218\ub97c \ub298\ub9ac\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc218\uc2ed \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc5b5\uc555\ud558\ub824 \ud588\ub358 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc804\uc0ac \uc724\ub9ac\ub97c \uc7a5\ub824\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-peoples-and-the-world-wars\/\">\uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uacfc \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804<\/a> <em>\ucc38\uc870<\/em>).\r\n\uc5f0\ubc29 \ub2f9\uad6d\uc740 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \ucc38\uc804 \uc6a9\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc804\uc7c1 \uc804\uc5d0 \uacac\ub38c\uc654\ub358 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc5f4\ub4f1\ud55c \ubc95\uc801, \uc815\uce58\uc801, \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801, \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac08 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uc0c1\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ub05d\ub0a0 \ubb34\ub835 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ub05d\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-suffrage\/\">\ubc31\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\ucc98\ub7fc \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \ud22c\ud45c\uad8c\uc744 \r\n \ud589\uc0ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uace0 \uacbd\uc81c \uc9c8\uc11c\uc758 \ucd5c\ud558\uc704\uad8c\uc73c\ub85c \ubc00\ub824\ub0ac\uc73c\uba70 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub099\uc778\uc744 \ucc0d\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \ucc38\uc815\uad8c \ucc38\uc870).<\/a><\/em>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\uc804\ud6c4 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uacf5\uac1c \ud1a0\ub860\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ubb34\ub825\uac10, \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uacbd\uc7c1 \ubd80\uc871, \uc9c0\ub9ac\uc801 \uace0\ub9bd\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ub300\uc911\uc758 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uc624\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub358 \r\n \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778\uc774\ub098 \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac, \ud1a0\ucc29\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc678\ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\uc81c2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804 \uc774\ud6c4, \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc640 \ube44\uc601\uad6d\uc778 \ubc0f \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc18c\uc218 \ubbfc\uc871\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud0dc\ub3c4 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \ub450\ub4dc\ub7ec\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc810\ucc28 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \ub354 \uc798 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-political-organization-and-activism\/\">\uc870\uc9c1\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uace0<\/a>, \ub9ce\uc740 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \ub300\ubcc0\uc778\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 2\ub4f1 \uc9c0\uc704\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc804\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.1960\ub144\uc5d0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/john-diefenbaker\/\">\ub514\ud39c\ubca0\uc774\ucee4<\/a> \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc758 \uc5f0\ubc29 \ud22c\ud45c\ub97c \uae08\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ucc28\ubcc4 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \uc911\ub2e8\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub300\uc911\uc740 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc758 \uac00\uce58\uc640 \ubb38\ud654\uc5d0 \ub354\uc6b1 \ubbfc\uac10\ud574\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub3d9\ud654 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc740 \ud3c9\ud310\uc774 \ub098\ube60\uc84c\uace0 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790 \uc18c\uc218 \ubbfc\uc871\uacfc \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \ubaa8\ub450\uc5d0\uac8c \r\n \ud608\ud1b5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc790\ubd80\uc2ec, \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ubc0f \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ubc1c\uc804, \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ubc0f \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \uc720\uc9c0\ub97c \uc7a5\ub824\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc804\ud658\uc810\uc774 \ub41c \uac83\uc740 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc758 \ud2b9\ubcc4 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/white-paper\/\">\uc885\uc2dd\uc2dc\ud0ac \uac83\uc744 \uc81c\uc548\ud55c \uc5f0\ubc29 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \r\n 1969\ub144 \ubc31\uc11c\uc5d0<\/a> \ub300\ud55c \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ubc18\ub300\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubc18\ub300\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud558\uc5ec \uc5f0\ubc29 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc790\uad6d\uc758 \ub3d9\ud654\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ubd80\uc778\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n1950\ub144\ub300 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \ub3c4\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc8fc\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fc\ud0dd, \uc2dd\ub2f9 \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \uacf5\uacf5 \uc2dc\uc124\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ud3b8\uacac\uacfc \ucc28\ubcc4\uc5d0 \uc2dc\ub2ec\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc778\uad8c\ubc95\uc740 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4 \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc811\uadfc \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5f4\ub9dd\uc744 \ud45c\uba85\ud588\uc73c\uba70, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/land-claims\/\">\ud1a0\uc9c0 \uc18c\uc720\uad8c \uc8fc\uc7a5\uacfc \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud5cc\ubc95 \uc9c0\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub17c\uc758\uac00 \uae38\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74\uc11c \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \uc18c\uc720\uad8c \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc5d0<\/a> \ub300\ud55c \ub300\uc911\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c0\uac00 \r\n \ub4a4\ub530\ub790\ub2e4. \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc798\ubabb\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ud1b5 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub610\ud55c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3b8\uacac\uacfc \ucc28\ubcc4\uc5d0 \uc2dc\ub2ec\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-self-government\/\">\ud1a0\ucc29 \ubb38\ud654\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \ub110\ub9ac <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/truth-and-reconciliation-commission\/\">\uc778\uc815\ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5f0\ubc29 \uc9c4\uc2e4\uacfc \ud654\ud574 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294<\/a> \uae30\uc219\ud559\uad50\uc758 \uc798\ubabb\uc744 \ubc14\ub85c\uc7a1\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub178\ub825\ud588\uc73c\uba70, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nunavut\/\">\ub204\ub098\ubd80\ud2b8\uc758<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/inuit\/\">\uc774\ub204\uc774\ud2b8, BC\uc758 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nisgaa\/\">\ub2c8\uc2a4\uac00\uc544<\/a>, \r\n \ub178\uc2a4\uc6e8\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc900\uc8fc\uc758 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/gwichin\/\">\uadf8\uc704\uce5c\uc744<\/a><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/northwest-territories\/\">\ube44\ub86f\ud55c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc774 \ud604\uc7ac \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uad6d\uac00 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uce58\uc640 \uc601\ud1a0<\/a> \uc18c\uc720\uad8c\uc744 \ub204\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<blockquote><p>\r\n<iframe sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-popups\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"185\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.radiopublic.com\/e?if=the-secret-life-of-canada-Ww0QnZ&amp;ge=s1!c5e85b6b1ca74ec97c36fd6d608704fc34d10cd3\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n<\/p><p> <\/p>\ub9ce\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ub9c8\ub450 \ubca0\ub974\ub9c8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub4e4\uc5b4\ubcf8 \uc801\uc774 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \uac70\uc758 50\ub144\uc5d0 \uac78\uce5c \uc0ac\ud68c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ud604\uc7ac N.B. \ud504\ub808\ub354\ub9ad\ud134\uacfc \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ub3d9\ubd80 \ud574\uc548\uc758 \ud48d\uacbd\uc5d0 \ud070 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<span style=\"font-family: \" gotham=\"\" ssm=\"\" a\",=\"\" \"gotham=\"\" b\",=\"\" \"helvetica=\"\" neue\",=\"\" arial,=\"\" sans-serif;=\"\" font-size:=\"\" 15px;\"=\"\"><\/span><p><b>\ucc38\uace0<\/b><i>: <i>The Secret Life of Canada\ub294 \ud314\ub80c \uc874\uc2a8\uacfc \ub9ac\uc544 \uc2dc\ubaac \ubcf4\uc6ec\uc774 \uc8fc\ucd5c\ud558\uace0 \uc9d1\ud544\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4<\/i> \ubc31\uacfc\uc0ac\uc804\uacfc \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub41c CBC \uc624\ub9ac\uc9c0\ub110 \ud31f\uce90\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/i> <\/p>\r\n <p><\/p><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n<h3> \ub2e4\uc591\uc131\uc778\uac00, \uba5c\ud305 \ud31f\uc778\uac00? <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uac00 \uc18c\uc218 \ubbfc\uc871\uc744 \ub300\ud558\ub294 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc18c\uc218 \ubbfc\uc871\uc774\ub098 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc77c\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub3d9\ud654\ub860\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \u201c\uc6a9\uad11\ub85c\u201d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc735\ud569\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uae30\ub300\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ubc18\uba74 \ub2e4\uc6d0\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \r\n \ucc28\ubcc4\ud654\ub97c \uc18c\uc218 \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uad8c\ub9ac\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc0ac\ud68c \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\uc774 \uc815\uce58\uc801, \uc885\uad50\uc801 \ub2e4\uc591\uc131\uc744 \ubbfc\uc871 \ub2e4\uc6d0\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \ud655\ub300\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uad8c\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc758\ubb38\uc774 \uc81c\uae30\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubc95\uc801 \uad8c\ub9ac\uac00 \uc6d0\ub798 \ub450 \r\n \uac74\uad6d \uad6d\uac00 (\uc601\uad6d\uacfc \ud504\ub791\uc2a4) \uc5d0\uac8c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\ub300\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.1982\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">\uad8c\ub9ac \ubc0f \uc790\uc720 \ud5cc\uc7a5\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub3c4 \ud3c9\ub4f1\uacfc \uc790\uc720\ub97c<\/a> \ud655\ub300\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n1991\ub144 \uc575\uac70\uc2a4 \ub9ac\ub4dc (Angus Reid) \uc5ec\ub860\uc870\uc0ac \uae30\uad00\uc740 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub2e4\uc591\uc131\uc744 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4 \uc120\ud638\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ubb3c\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ub300\ub2e4\uc218\ub294 \ud3c9\ub4f1\uc744 \uc99d\uc9c4 \ubc0f \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\uace0, \uad50\uc721, \uc758\ub8cc \ubc0f \r\n \uc0ac\ubc95 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc778\uc885 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \uc5c6\uc560\uace0, \uacbd\ucc30\uc758 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uac1c\uc120\uc744 \ub3d5\uace0, \uc2e0\uaddc \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uacbd\uc81c\uc640 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ud1b5\ud569\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uc2b5\ub4dd\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ub3d5\ub294 \uc5f0\ubc29 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \uc120\ud638\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ub2f5\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/statistics-canada\/\">\uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \ud1b5\uacc4\uccad\uc774 \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud55c \uc778\uc885 \ub2e4\uc591\uc131 \uc870\uc0ac (2003) \uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4<\/a> \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \ubbfc\uc871\uc801, \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \ubc30\uacbd\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc870\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc758 93% \ub294 \ubbfc\uc871\ubb38\ud654\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc774\ub098 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud55c \ub300\uc6b0\ub97c \r\n \ubc1b\uc740 \uc801\uc774 \uc5c6\uac70\ub098 \uac70\uc758 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \uc2e0\uace0\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4 \uc911 \uc751\ub2f5\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">\ub208\uc5d0 \ub744\ub294 \uc18c\uc218\uc790\uc77c<\/a> \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ub354 \ub192\uc558\uc73c\uba70, 2\uc138\ub300 \ubc0f 3\uc138\ub300 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \ucd5c\uadfc \r\n \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\uc77c \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ub354 \ub192\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\uc131\uc801 \uc9c0\ud5a5, \uc131\ubcc4, \uc778\uc885\ucc28\ubcc4, \uc778\uad8c, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-rights\/\">\uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \uad8c\ub9ac<\/a>, \ubbfc\uc871 \ubc0f \uc815\uc758\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub3c4 2000\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 \ubc1c\ud45c\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n1990\ub144\ub300 \uc774\uc804, \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\uacc4 \ubc31\uc778 \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \uc555\ub3c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9ce\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.2001\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ub208\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uc18c\uc218 \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \ube44\uc728\uc774 13.4% \ub85c \uc99d\uac00\ud588\uace0, 2006\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uac00\uc2dc\uc801 \uc18c\uc218\ubbfc\uc871\uc774 \uc804\uccb4 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 16.2% \ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.2011\ub144 \uc804\uad6d \uac00\uad6c \uc870\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uce90\ub098\ub2e4\uc778\uc758 19% \uac00 \uac00\uc2dc\uc801 \uc18c\uc218\ubbfc\uc871\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \r\n 2031\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc57d 1,440\ub9cc \uba85\uc774 \uac00\uc2dc\uc801 \uc18c\uc218\uc790\uac00 \ub420 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uc0c1\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\r\n<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"ko","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2025-01-02T03:28:44.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-02T03:28:44.000000Z"},{"id":"9da94c76-c82c-4fea-b5c4-1f74d0e005a4","article_id":"87431","title":"Prejudice and Discrimination in Canada [Paghuhulog at Diskriminasyon sa Canada]","summary":"Ang paghuhukom ay tumutukoy sa isang hindi pinatatunayan, negatibong paunang paghatol ng mga indibidwal o grupo, karaniwang dahil sa etniko, relihiyon o lahi. Ang diskriminasyon ay ang pagbubukod ng mga indibidwal o grupo mula sa buong pakikilahok sa lipunan dahil sa pagtatak ","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/53fa1c39-873e-4b13-ad8f-64872464d594.jpg\" title=\"&lt;em>Comagata Maru&lt;\/em>\" alt=\"&lt;em>Comagata Maru&lt;\/em>\">\r\n\t<figcaption>Noong 1914 ang pagdating ng <em>Komagata Maru<\/em> sa Vancouver kasama ang mga imigrante sa Silangang India ay huminto sa marahas na demonstrasyon sa Vancouver. Dahil dito tinanggihan sila sa pagpasok (kagandahang-loob ng Vancouver Public Library).<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">Ang paghuhukom ay tumutukoy sa isang hindi mapatunayan, negatibong paunang paghatol ng mga indibidwal o grupo, karaniwang dahil sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ethnic-identity\/\">etniko,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/religion\/\">relihiyon o lahi<\/a> (tingnan sa Rasismo)<em>.<\/em><\/a> Ang diskriminasyon ay ang pagbubukod ng mga indibidwal o grupo mula sa buong pakikilahok sa lipunan dahil sa pagtatak Sa \r\n kabila ng mahabang kasaysayan ng pagkiling at diskriminasyon ng Canada, ang mga pagsisikap ay ginawa sa mga nakaraang henerasyon upang gawing isang mosaic ng mga tao at kultura ang bansa. Ang pagkakapantay-pantay ay protektado sa konstitusyon ngayon <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">ng Charter of Rights at Kalayaan.<\/a> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>Maagang Pagsasaayos <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nAng pagtatanggol sa Canada ay nagsimula sa pagsisimula ng pag-aayos nito. <em>Makikita ito sa mga relasyon sa pagitan ng mga katut <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">ubong tao \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\"><\/a><\/a> at mga kolonisador ng Europa na lumitaw noong ika-17 at ika-18 siglo (tingnan sa Pag-aalin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/slavery-of-indigenous-people-in-canada\/\">ng mga Katutubong Tao sa Canada<\/a>).<\/em> Ang pananaw sa Europa sa mga katut \r\n ubong tao ay kumplikado at maliliw, mula sa pagtingin sa kanila bilang \u201cmarangal na mga karatigas\u201d hanggang sa itinuturing silang mga walang kaluluwa na barbaro. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fur-trade\/\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">Bagama&#39;t mayroong makabuluhang pagkakaiba sa mga relasyon ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-french-relations\/\">Indigenous-Pran<\/a> ses at \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\">Brit<\/a> ano-Katutubong sa pre- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/confederation\/\">Confederation<\/a> Canada, sa parehong mga kaso ang mga \r\n interes sa ekonomiya ng kalakalan ng balahibo ay nakatulong upang matiyak ang isang mapapayagan na relasyon sa pagtatrabaho sa pagitan ng mga kolonisador at mga katutubong tao (tingnan ang mga Katutubong tao: Mga Kasunduan).<\/a><\/em><\/a> \r\nGayunpaman, ang malalaking pag-aayos ay humantong sa pagkasira sa mga relasyon habang ang mga katutubong tao ay naging isang hadlang sa halip na tulong sa pag-unlad ng ekonomiya. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nBilang resulta ng maagang pag-ayos sa Europa at kasunod na pananakop ng Britanya noong 1759-60, pati na rin ng heograpikal na paghihiwalay ng mga kat <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">ut<\/a> ubong populasyon, unti-unting naging hindi ga \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\"><\/a> anong mahalaga ang mga relasyon sa pagitan ng mga kapangyarihang kolonisasyon. Ang pang-ekonomiyang, pampulitika, panlipunan at relihiyosong pakikipagtulungan at pagitan ng mga naninirahan ng Britanya at Pranses ang hugis sa karamihan sa pag-unlad ng Canada mula 1750s hanggang kasaluku \r\n yan. Ang pagtatakma at diskriminasyon ay umiiral sa magkabilang panig Dahil ang dalawang grupo ay nagbahagi ng isang teknolohikal na nakabatay sa kultura ng Kanluran, ang likas na katangian ng kanilang relasyon at ang mga uri ng pagkiling at diskriminasyon na nailalarawan nito ay lubos na naiiba mula sa mga naglalarawan sa mga re \r\n lasyon ng Indigenous-setter. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Pag-flow ng mga imigrante <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nAng bilang ng mga tao sa Canada maliban sa mga nagmula sa British, Pranses o Katutubong pinagmulan ay nanatiling maliit hanggang sa katapusan ng ika-19 na siglo, nang dumating ang malalaking alon ng mga imigrante, na nanirahan lalo sa Kanluran. Nakita ng karamihan sa mga taga-Canada na nagsasalita ng Ingles ang imigr \r\n asyong hindi Britanya at hindi Pranses na ito pangunahing bilang isang paraan ng pagpapabilis ng pag-unlad ng ekonomiya ng Canada. Gayunpaman, ang iba ay nag-aalala tungkol sa epekto sa lipunan at pang-ekonomiya ng imigrasyon na hindi Britanya at sumasalungat sa isang open-door <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">Immigration Policy<\/a>. \r\nTinutulan ito ng mga taga-Canada na nagsasalita ng Pranses sa batayan na ang naturang patakaran ay higit na magpapabagsak sa katayuan ng French Canada sa loob ng Konfederasyon. Karamihan sa mga taga-Canada na nagsasalita ng Ingles ay nagbabahagi ng mga paghihintay tungkol sa paghahambing na pagnanais \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nNoong huling bahagi ng ika-19 at unang bahagi ng ika-20 siglo, ang paniniwala sa pag-unlad at sa puting kahusayan ay kinuha bilang pinagkakatiwalaan sa buong mundo ng Kanluran. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/evolution\/\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/imperialism\/\">Maraming mga taga-Canada na nagsasalita ng Ingles ang naniniwala na ang mga taong Anglo-Saxon, at mga prinsipyo ng pamahalaan ng Britanya, \r\n ang tuktok ng biolohikal na ebolusyon at na ang kadakilaan ng Canada ay nakasalalay sa pamana ng Anglo-Saxon nito (tingnan sa Imperialismo).<\/a><\/em><\/a> \r\nSamakatuwid ang kanilang pagtatasa sa pagnanais ng isang grupo ay nag-iiba halos nang direkta sa antas na naaayon ang mga miyembro nito sa kultura at pisikal na uri ng Britanya. Ang mga imigrante ng Britanya at Amerikano ay itinuturing na pinaka-kanais-nais, na sinundan ng mga hilaga at kanlurang \r\n Europeo, gitnang at silangang Europeo at pagkatapos ng mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Hud<\/a> yo at timog na Europeo. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/mennonites\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/doukhobors\/\">Malapit sa ilalim ng orden ng pagpipit ay ang mga sekta na relihiyosong pasipikista, tulad ng mga \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/hutterites\/\">Hutterite at Mennonita na nagsasalita ng Aleman, at ang mga Doukhobor na nagsasalita ng Rus<\/a> o.<\/a><\/a> \r\nAng mga pangkat na ito ay palaging pinagsama ng mga opisyal ng publiko at pangkalahatang publiko. Ang kanilang paghihihiwalay sa lipunan ay ginagawang mahirap Ang kanilang pagtitipid at industriya ay ginawa silang malakas na mga kakumpitensya sa ekonomiya, at ang kanilang pasi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/pacifism\/\">fismo ay nagdudulot ng mga<\/a> pagdududa tungkol sa kanilang pangako sa Canada. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Karanasan sa Itim at Asyano <\/h3>\r\n<p>Ang mga imigrante ng mga itim at Asy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">ano \u2014 mga Tsino<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/japanese-canadians\/\">, mga Hapones na mga Can<\/a> adi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/south-asians\/\">ano at Timog A<\/a> syano \u2014 ay itinuturing na mas mababa at hindi maaaring makasama sa lipunan ng Canada. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">Ang mga itim na Canadiano ay<\/a> nakatagpo ng makabuluhang pagkilala sa panahon ng pre-confeder Bagaman marami ang sumasalungat dito, umi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/slavery\/\">ir<\/a> al ang pag <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/new-france\/\">kaalipin sa New France<\/a> at \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/british-north-america\/\">British North America<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/upper-canada\/\">Noong 1860s, kasama sa 40,000 mga Itim na tao sa Canada <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/war-of-1812\/\">ang mga inapo ng mga alipin sa New France, Mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/loyalists\/\">Loyalista<\/a>, mga Maroon ng \r\n Jamaica, mga Amerikanong mga refugiados mula sa Digmaan ng 1812<\/a>, at mga takas na dumating sa Upper Canada upang makatakas sa pagkaalipin.<\/a> \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nMaraming mga taga-Canada ang sumali sa pagkaalipin sa mga batayan sa moral at tumulong sa mga refugi mula sa Estados Unidos. Ngunit marami pang iba ang natatakot sa pagdaloy ng mga Itim na naninirahan, na nakikita silang pabalik, ignorante, immoral, kriminal at isang banta sa ekonomiya. Ang mga itim na tao ay itinuring lalo na \r\n bilang isang mapagkukunan ng murang paggawa. Kasunod ng huling pag-aalis ng pagkaalipin sa buong Imperyo ng Britanya noong 1833, ang mga Black Canadian ay nakatagpo ng mas kaunting mga ligal na hadlang, ngunit nahaharap pa rin sa maraming pagkilalang panlipunan. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAng ilan sa mga pinaka-malawak na legalisadong pattern ng diskriminasyon ay naganap laban sa mga Asyano na naninirahan sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">British Columbia<\/a>, kung saan ang anti-Asian sentimento ay endemiko mula 18 \r\n 50s hanggang 1950. Ang mga Asyano ay itinuturing na dayuhan at mas mababa. Sinabi ng mga organisadong grupo ng paggawa ang mga Asyano ay kumuha ng trabaho mula sa mga puti at binaba ang pamantayan sa pamumuhay para sa lahat ng mga manggagawa dahil handa silang magtrabaho nang mas kaunting pera kay Ang mga Asyano ay hindi kasama \r\n mula sa karamihan ng mga unyon, at bilang isang bagay ng patakaran ang mga employer ay binayaran ng mga manggagawa sa Asya nang mas mababa kaysa<\/p><p><iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eZyvg_87e6o\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><br><\/iframe><\/p><p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nDahil sa diskriminasyong batas at kasanayan sa panlipunan sa BC, hindi maaaring bumoto ang mga Tsino, Hapones at Timog Asyano, magsagawa sa batas o parmasya, nahalal sa pampublikong tanggapan, maglingkod sa mga hurie, o magkaroon ng karera sa mga gawaing pampubliko, edukasyon o serbisyong sibil. \r\nAng opinyon ng publiko tungkol sa imigrasyon sa Asya ay ipinahayag sa maraming okasyon sa marahas na mga kagulong anti-Tsino at anti-Asya. Ang pinaka-malubhang kaguluhan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">ay nasa Vancouver<\/a> noong 1887 at 1907. \r\nIba&#39;t ibang mga pagtatangka din ang ginawa ng mga grupo na anti-Asyano upang ibukod ang mga Asyano mula sa mga pam <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-school\/\">publi<\/a> kong paaralan, upang limitahan ang pagbebenta ng lupa sa mga Asyano at lubos na limitahan ang bilang ng mga lisensya na ibinigay sa mga mangingisda ng H \r\n apon. Noong 1892 at 1907 ay nag \r\n anap din ng mas maliit na sukat na antiChinese na mga kaguluhan sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\/\">Alberta<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\/\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\/\">Nova Scotia<\/a> at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/saskatchewan\/\">Saskatchewan<\/a> nang naipasa ang batas na nagbabawal sa mga puting kababaihan na magtrabaho sa mga restawran, lababo at anumang iba pang mga negosyo na pagmamay-ari ng mga Chinese o Hapones Canadian. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nNakaharap din ang mga itim na Canadiano sa isang katulad na malawak na pattern ng diskriminasyon sa pabahay, trabaho at pag-access sa mga serbisyong pampubliko noong huling bahagi ng ika-19 na siglo at unang hanggang kalagitnaan ng ika-20 siglo Nahihirapan sila sa paghahain sa mga hotel at restawran, \r\n at sa pagpasok sa mga teatro at swimming pool. Minsan ay napilitan sila sa mga nakahiwalay na paaralan, partikular na sa Nova Scotia at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\/\">Ontario, kung saan pinaka nak<\/a> atuon ang mga Black Canadian. \r\n Ang diskriminasyon laban sa mga taong Itim paminsan-minsan ay lumalabag sa karahasan. Sa parehong digmaang pandaigdig, ang mga yunit ng armadong pwersa ay nag-aatubili na tanggapin ang mga enlistahan ng Itim, Tsino, Hapon at Timog Asya, bagaman ang ilan mula sa bawat grupo ay naglingkod sa kalaunan.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2SwNa0H4s0s\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Unang bahagi ng ika-20 siglo <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nSamantala, ang imigrasyon ng Tsino ay pinaghigpitan ng isang \u201chead tax\u201d at ipinagtigil sa kabuuan ng Chinese Immigration Act noong 1923. Ang kasunduan ng isang ginoo ay ginawa sa Japan noong 1907, na naghihigpit sa bilang ng mga imigrante sa Hapon. Ipinag <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/order-in-council\/\">bawal ng isang Order-in-Council<\/a> ang imigrasyon mula sa India noong 1907. Ipinakilala rin ng gobyerno ang mga mahigpit na batas sa imigrasyon noong 1906, 1910 at 1919 upang makontrol ang imigrasyon sa Europa. Sa pagitan ng 1896 at ng Ikal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">awang Digmaang<\/a> Pandaigdig, sinisingil ng mga nasyonalista ng \r\n Pranses na ang malalaking imigrasyon (partikular dahil kaunti dito ay nagsasalita ng Pranses) ay isang balangkas ng Ingles na Canada upang pahina ang katayuan ng Pranses Canada. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAng imigrasyon ay hindi kasing makabuluhang isyu sa publiko sa Qu\u00e9bec tulad ng sa Ontario at sa Kanluran dahil napakakaunting mga imigrante ang nanirahan doon. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/french-canadian-nationalism\/\">Gayunpaman, noong 1914 ang mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">Hud<\/a> yo sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">Montr\u00e9al<\/a> ay naging biktima ng malakas na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/anti-semitism\/\">anti-Semiti<\/a> smo, karamihan dito ay nagmula sa relihiyosong bias ng French Canadian Nationalism.<\/a> \r\nAng mga Hudyo ay inilalarawan bilang mga nagsasamantala, bilang mga banta sa moralidad at sibilisasyon ng Kristiyano, at bilang mga simbolo ng kasamaan ng internasyonalismo, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/liberalism\/\">Liberalismo, bolshevism, materialismo<\/a> at buhay sa lunsod. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nLumitaw ang mga kontrobersya sa publiko na kinasasangkutan ng parehong Pranses at Britanya sa Montr\u00e9al tungkol sa lugar ng mga Hudyo sa sistema ng paaralan na nakabatay sa denominasyonal at sa batas sa pagsasara ng Linggo. Ang pagkaaway sa mga Hudyo ay ipinahayag sa pamamagitan ng paminsan-minsang pagkasagay ng sementeryo at mga laban sa kalye \r\n Ang pagkaaway ng French Canada sa imigrasyon ng mga Hudyo ay katulad ng pagkaaway ng mga ultra-Protestant sa Canada na nagsasalita ng Ingles. Itinuturing ng pangkat na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">ito ang mga imigrante na Katoli<\/a> ko mula sa Europa bilang mga kasangkapan sa paglilingkod ng Roma at mga potensyal na kaalyado sa pampulitika ng mga Pranses \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nBinigyang-diin ng mga etnikong stereotype ng paglipat ng siglo ng Canada ang pinagmulan ng magsasaka ng gitnang, silangan at timog na mga Europeo at Asyano. Inilalarawan nito ang mga imigrante bilang mahihirap, walang kabuluhan, may sakit, moralidad na malakas, tiwali sa politika at may kakulangan sa relihiyon. \r\nAng umano&#39;y ugali ng gitnang at timog na mga Europeo para sa inumin, karahasan at kri <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/crime\/\">men<\/a> at ng mga Tsino para sa droga, pagsusugal at mga put <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/gambling\/\">ing<\/a> kababaihan ay makapangyarihan at tanyag na mga imahe sa dominanteng lipunan. Malawakang ginagamit ang mga etnikong pamumuhay sa panahon bago ang 1950. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Pag-uusig sa panahon ng <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nAng diskriminasyon ay isa sa mga kadahilanan na humantong <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/vertical-mosaic\/\">sa isang vertical mosaic<\/a> ng mga trabaho at kita sa Canada. Ang mga tao na nagmula sa Britanya ay nasa tuktok at iba pa hanggang sa mga Tsino \r\n at Itim na Canadians na sumakop ang pinaka-maliit na trabaho. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/elites\/\">Ang mga grupo na hindi Britanya at di-Pranses ay may napakaliit na kapangyarihan sa ekonomiya, at hindi sila nagsimulang gumawa ng anumang makabuluhang pagpasok sa gitnang echelon ng politika, edukasyon o serbis <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-service\/\">yong pampubli<\/a> ko hanggang pagkatapos ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig (tingnan sa mga Elite).<\/a> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAng mga antas ng pagkiling at diskriminasyon laban sa mga hindi puting minorya ay umabot sa mga maihahambing na antas para sa mga puting imigrante lamang sa mga panahon ng matin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/nationalism\/\">ding nas<\/a> yonalismo na nabuo \r\nSa panahon ng Unang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">Digmaang Pandaigdig, ang<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\">mga Al<\/a> eman at mga imigrante mula sa Imperyong Austro-Hungarian ay biktima ng pagkiling \r\n at pag-uusig. Ang \u201cmga dayuhan na kaaway\u201d ay pinaalis mula sa kanilang mga trabaho. Ang ilan ay inilagay sa ilalim ng pagsubaybay ng pulisya o sa mga kampo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/internment\/\">ng internment.<\/a> Ang kanilang mga paaralan sa wika at \r\n marami sa kanilang mga simbahan ay sarado; ang kanilang mga pahayagan ay unang sinisensura at pagkatapos ay unti-unting pinipigilan; at sa panahon ng digmaan, sinalakay ng mga sundalo at sibilyan ng mga lugar ng mga club ng Aleman at mga negosyong pag-aari ng Aleman. Ang katapatan at pagkakapareho sa kultura at wika \r\n ay ipinapalagay na magkasingkahulugan. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAng pagsalungat sa mga sekta na relihiyosong pasipikista ay tumindi din sa panahon ng digmaan. Sa kalaunan ay humantong ito sa isang 1919 order-in-council (binawi noong 1920s) na partikular na ipinagpigilan ang pagpasok ng mga miyembro ng mga pangkat na ito sa bansa. Mula 1919 hanggang 1953 ang mga Doukhobors sa BC ay \r\n tinanggihan ng karapatang bumoto, at ang pagbabawal na ito ay pinalawak sa antas ng pederal mula 1934 hanggang 1955. Ang pagbabalik ng mga beterano ng Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig, at ang pagkalungkot sa ekonomiya pagkatapos ng digmaan, ay nagdulot ng pagkaaway sa mga sekta ng pasipikista sa isang tuktok at nag-ambag sa mga paniniwala na ang mga radikal \r\n na pampulitika na imigrante ay nagdulot ng banta Ang mga imigrante ng Slavic ay hindi na itinuturing bilang \u201cmga magsasaka\u201d, ngunit bilang mapanganib na mga rebolusyonaryo. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nSa unang bahagi ng 1920s, ang mga imigrante sa gitnang, timog at silangang Europa ay opisyal na naiuri sa mga \u201chindi ginustong\u201d at limitadong kategorya ng mga imigrante. Noong kalagitnaan ng 1920s, gayunpaman, bilang tugon sa presyon ng publiko, pinalaya ng pamahalaang pederal na mga paghihig \r\n pit sa imigrasyon mula sa Europa bilang isang paraan ng pagtataguyod ng pag-unlad ng ekonomiya. Noong huling bahagi ng 1920s pinapayagan ng pamahalaan ng pederal ang higit sa 185,000 mga gitnang at silangang Europeo at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\">Mennonita<\/a> na pumasok sa Canada bilang magsasaka, manggagawa sa bukid at mga tahanan. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Backlash <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nAng bagong alon ng imigrasyon na ito ay muling nagising na mga pagkilala. Pinuna ng mga organisasyon tulad ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">Ku Klux Klan<\/a> (KKK), ng Native Sons of Canada at ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/orange-order\/\">Orange Or<\/a> der ang mga bagong imigrante bilang isang banta sa karakter na \u201cAnglo-Saxon\u201d ng Canada. Marami sa mga samahan, partikular na ang KKK, ay tumungat din sa mga imigrante ng Katoliko. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAng Klan ay nagsimulang mag-organisa sa Montr\u00e9al, Ontario, BC at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/manitoba\/\">Manitoba noong unang bahagi ng 1920s<\/a>. Ang pagiging kasapi nito sa Saskatchewan noong huling bahagi ng 1920s ay umabot sa 20,000. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">Ang Klan ay nag-organisa ng mga boy \r\n cott ng mga negosyanteng Katoliko, natatakot ang mga pulitiko na tila nakikiramay sa mga interes ng Pranses o Katoliko, sumasalungat sa pederal na patakaran sa imigrasyon, sumasalungat sa mga paaralan ng Katoliko, at sinubukang pigilan ang mga kasal na<\/a> Ang Klan ay sapat na makapangyarihan sa Saskatchewan upang mag-ambag sa pagkatalo ng mga Liberal sa halalan ng lalawigan ng 1929. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAng isang masamang siklo ng pagkiling at diskriminasyon ay naging mas nakatago noong dekada 1930. Ang diskriminasyon na natagpuan ng mga hindi Anglo-Saxon ay humantong sa kanila upang suportahan ang mga radikal na kilusang pampulitika tulad ng komunismo (tingnan sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/communist-party-of-canada\/\">Partido Komun<\/a> ista) \r\n at P <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fascism\/\">asismo<\/a>, at pinalakas nito ang diskriminasyon laban sa kanila. Sa pagitan ng 1930 at 1935, ginamit ng Punong Minist <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/richard-bedford-viscount-bennett\/\">ro RB Bennett ang<\/a> deportasyon bilang isang paraan ng pagpigilan ng suporta para sa mga komunista. Sa mga salungatan sa paggawa sa kanlurang Canada at Ontario noong <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/great-depression\/\">Great Depression<\/a>, ang isang pangunahing hindi Anglo-Saxon na manggagawa ay madalas na \r\n nakikipaglaban sa isang pamamahala ng Anglo-Canadian na nagtatangkang sirain ang pagkakaisa ng paggawa at discredit ang mga manggagawa sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay diin sa kanilang dayuhang pinagmul \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">Noong 1930 ang mga Hudyo ay mga target ng diskriminasyon sa lipunan, sa pamamagitan ng mga hindi pormal na paghihigpit sa tirahan, kwota sa mga propesyonal na paaralan sa unibersidad, at pagbubukod mula sa mga elite social club, beach at resort sa Montr\u00e9al, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">Toronto<\/a> at Winnipeg.<\/a> Naimpluwensyahan din ang anti-Semitism sa patakaran sa imigrasyon. Isinara ng Canada ang mga pintuan nito sa mga imigrante na Hudyo sa oras na lubos nilang nangangailangan ng kanlungan mula sa pag-uusig ng Nazi \r\n sa Europa. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nSa panahon ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, ang mga taga-Aleman at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">Italyano na mga Canadiano<\/a>, at mga miyembro ng mga sekta na pasipikista ay nakatagpo din ng kaaway. Sa kanayunan BC noong 1920s at 1930 ang tanyag na pagkilala laban sa Doukhobors ay \r\n pinalakas ng mga saloobin sa panahon ng digmaan. Noong 1942 ipinasa ang pamahalaan ng Alberta ng isang batas na nagbabawal sa lahat ng pagbebenta ng lupa sa mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hutterites\/\">Hutter<\/a> ite sa panahon ng digmaan, at \r\n mula 1947 hanggang 1972 nilimitahan ng batas ng Alberta ang dami ng lupa na maaaring pagmamay-ari ng mga kolonya ng Hutterite, at ang mga lugar ng lalawigan kung saan maaari silang palawakin. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAng pagkaaway sa mga Hapon Canadian bago at sa panahon ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig ay napapanatili, laganap at matindi, lalo na noong BC. Ang mga alon ng damdaming anti-Hapon ay lumakas sa BC noong 1937-38, 1940 at 1941-42. Ang pag-atake ng Japan sa Pearl Harbour ay nagdulot ng marahas na \r\n pagkaaway sa mga Hapon Canada. Noong Pebrero 1942 iniutos ng pamahalaang pederal ang lahat ng mga Hapones na lumakas ang lugar ng baybayin ng Pasipiko. Humigit-kumulang 22,000 mga Hapones na mga Canadiano ang lumipat sa loob ng BC at sa iba pang mga lalawigan, kung saan patuloy silang nakatagpo sa pagtatag \r\n po ng lahi. Ibinenta ng gobyerno ang kanilang pag-aari upang maiwasan ang kanilang pagbabalik sa pagtatapos ng digmaan. Noong 1945 hinikayat din ng gobyerno ang mga Hapon Canada na humingi ng boluntaryong deportasyon sa Japan, at pagkatapos ng digmaan nagpatuloy ang mga plano sa deportasyon \r\n na ito. Ang presyon mula sa mga grupo ng karapatang sibil sa wakas ay humantong noong 1947 sa pag-aalis ng mga utos ng deportasyon, bahagyang kabayaran para sa mga pagkawala ng ari-arian, at noong 1949 isang wakasan sa mga paghihigpit na pumigil sa mga Hapones na bumalik sa baybayin. \r\n(Tingnan ang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/civil-liberties\/\">Mga Kalayaan Sibil<\/a>.) \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAng isang bilang ng mga pag-unlad sa panahon at pagkatapos ng digmaan ay nagpapahina din sa ilang mga pagkilungkot laban sa iba&#39;t ibang mga gru Ang mga Chinese at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\">Ukrainian<\/a> Canadian ay nanalo ng bagong paggalang sa \r\n pamamagitan ng kanilang suporta sa pagsisikap sa digmaan. Ang paglahok ng lahat ng antas ng lipunan sa mga industriya sa panahon ng digmaan ay pinapina sa mga hadlang sa lipun At ang pagkalungkot laban kay Hitler at Nazismo sa kalaunan ay nagdulot ng mga reaksyon laban sa konsepto ni Hitler ng isang higit na lahi, at laban sa mga pampublikong pagpapahayag \r\n ng anti-Semitismo. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAng paglagda ng Canada sa charter ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/united-nations\/\">United Nations<\/a> noong 1944 at ang Universal Declaration of Human Rights noong 1948 ay nagdala ng malinaw na nakatuon sa mga diskriminasyong patakaran ng Canada. Kasunod \r\n ng matinding paglobbying ng mga grupo ng Asyano at isang lalong nakikiramay na publiko, sa wakas ay binigyan ang mga Asyano ng boto sa Canada (Timog Asyano at Tsino noong 1947, Hapones noong 1949). Ang pagbabawal sa imigrasyon ng Tsino at Timog Asya ay binabawi, bagaman ang mga asawa at anak lamang ng \r\n mga umiiral na mamamayan ng Canada ang karapat-dapat para sa imigrasyon. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Pamana <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nAng imigrasyon pagkatapos ng 1945 ay pinaghintay pa rin sa pabor sa mga Europeo, bagaman pinapayagan ng gobyerno ang isang maliit na quota ng mga imigrante mula sa India, Pakistan at Ceylon (1951). Mas mahusay na tinanggap ang mga imigrante pagkatapos ng digmaan, bahagyang dahil marami ang edukasyon at kasanayan \r\nMarahil ang pangunahing dahilan sa likod ng bagong pagpaparaya sa mga imigrante noong 1950 at 1960 - na halimbawa ng pagpasa ng mga batas at code ng karapatang pan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/human-rights\/\">tao<\/a> ng lalawigan, ang pederal na \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-bill-of-rights\/\">Canadian Bill of Rights<\/a> (1960), at paglikha ng mga komisyon sa karapatang pantao - ay ang pagguho ng mga pagpapalagay at paggalang ng Anglo-Saxon Racism. Nagresulta ito \r\n mula sa isang pagkalungkot laban sa rasismo ni Hitler, ang pagbagsak ng Britanya bilang isang kapangyarihan sa mundo, at ang paglago ng kilusang karapatang sibil ng Amerika. Pinapadali ng kasaganaan ng mga dekada 1950 at 1960 ang pataas na kadaliang sosyo-ekonomiko ng pangalawang at ikatlong henerasyong mga hindi \r\n Anglo-Saxon Canadian. Nakatulong din ito na mapahina ang medyo matigas na relasyon sa pagitan ng klase at etnidad. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAng mga rekomendasyon ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/royal-commission-on-bilingualism-and-biculturalism\/\">Bilingualism at Biculturalism Commission at<\/a> ang pagpapakilala ng isang mas makatarungan na Pat <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">akaran sa Imigr<\/a> asyon noong 1960 - pati na rin ang pagtaas ng globalisasyon noong dekada 1970 - ay nagresulta sa isang paglipat mula sa higit na imigrasyon sa Europa patungo sa isang mas malaking pagpasok ng mga imigrante sa Asya. Ipinakita ng senso noong 1971 na humigit-kumulang 95 porsyento ng populasyon ng Canada ang binubuo \r\n ng mga pamana sa Europa, at mahirap makahanap ng higit sa limang porsyento na maaaring ituring na hindi Europeo. Pagkalipas lamang ng 25 taon noong 1996, ang populasyon ng hindi Europa at hindi puti na nakik <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">itang minor<\/a> ya ay dobleng hanggang 11 porsyento. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>Katutubong Karanasan <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nAng mga saloobin sa mga katutubong tao noong ika-19 at ika-20 siglo ay pareho sa maraming paraan sa mga imigrante at iba pang mga pangkat etniko. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">Gayunpaman, ang paggamot sa mga katutubong tao ay pinalaan ng kanilang espesyal na katayuan at ligal na katayuan na nakasama sa mga kasunduan \r\n at sa Batas ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/indian-act\/\"><em>India<\/em><\/a>, na nagtataguyod ng isang paternalistikong diskarte ng mga pamahalaan na hindi pa ganap na natapos. \r\n<\/a> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAng unti-unting paunang konfederasyon ng mga katutubong tao bilang mga kaalyado ng militar o kasosyo sa kalakalan ng balahibo ay unti-unting pinalitan ng pananaw sa kanila bilang mga pabalik na hadlang sa pag-unlad. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/christianity\/\">Pinaghiwalay sila ng mga pamahalaan sa mga <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-reserves\/\">reser<\/a> ba at, kasabay ng mga pangunahing denominasyong Kristiyano, sinubukan na isama ang mga ito sa pamamagitan ng pagpapakilala ng agrikultura, edukasyon at Kristiyanismo sa Europa.<\/a> Bag <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/residential-schools\/\">aman \r\n<\/a> maraming mga katutubong bata ang nakatanggap ng edukasyon sa mga paaralan ng tirahan na pinondohan ng gobyerno, na pinamamamahalaan ng simbahan, libu-libo rin ang naabuso, kung minsan pisikal at sekswal, at mar \r\n ami pa ang nawala ng kanilang wika at kultura Tulad ng mga bagong imigrante, naisip na dapat alisin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-languages\/\">ang mga kat<\/a> utubong wika at kultura at \r\n kakailanganin silang isama sa isang mas mahusay na paraan ng pamumuhay. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nSa pagkabalisa ng mga ahente at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/missions-and-missionaries\/\">missionary<\/a> ng gobyerno ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indian\/\">India<\/a>, paminsan \r\n -minsan hinihikayat ang mga katutubong tao na ipakita ang kanilang kultura para sa pagbisita sa mga dignataryo o sa mga lokal na fair, ngunit ang mga pagpapakita na ito ay tinitingnan bilang mga kakaibang labi ng nakaraan sa halip na isang mahalagang bahagi ng umuunlad na lipunan ng Canada. Nakakatawa, sa panahon ng Unang \r\n Digmaang Pandaigdig ang gobyerno, upang madagdagan ang mga pagpaparehistro, ay nagsimulang hikayatin ang etika ng mandirigma sa mga katutubong tao sa Canada na sinusubukan nitong loob ng maraming dekada upang pigil <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-peoples-and-the-world-wars\/\">in (tingnan sa Mga Katutubong tao at <em>ang<\/em> Digmaang Pand<\/a> aigdig). \r\nMabilis itong natapos sa pagtatapos ng digmaan, dahil inaasahan ng mga pederal na awtoridad na babalik ang mga katutubong beterano sa parehong mas mababang katayuan ng ligal, pampulitika, panlipunan at pang-ekonomiya na kanilang tiisin bago ang digmaan. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-suffrage\/\">Tulad ng karamihan sa mga hindi puting imigrante, hindi maaaring \r\n bumoto ang mga katutubong tao, nahulog sa ibaba ng kaayusan ng pang-ekonomiya at napag-istigmatiko sa lipunan (tingnan sa Katutubong Suffrage).<\/a><\/em> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nSa panahon ng interwar, tumigil ang mga katutubong tao na maging pangunahing punto ng pampublikong debate. Ang kanilang kawalan ng lakas, kakulangan ng kompetisyon sa ekonomiya at heograpikong paghihiwalay ay nag-ambag sa kanilang kawalan mula sa pansin ng publi Hindi tulad ng mga taong Asyano at Itim, na \r\n karamihang hindi kasama mula sa pagdating sa Canada sa panahong ito, malinaw na hindi maaaring isama ang mga katutubong tao mula sa bansa. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAng panahon ng pagkatapos ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig ay humantong sa mga bagong pag-unlad sa mga relasyon ng Katutubo na katumbas ng ilan sa mga nagbabagong saloobin sa mga imigrante at mga pangkat etniko na hindi Ang mga katutubong tao ay unti-unting naging mas edukado at mas mahusay na \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-political-organization-and-activism\/\">organis<\/a> a, at isang bilang ng mga katutubong tagapagsalita ang nagsimulang hamunin ang kanilang katayuan ng pangal Noong 1960 natapos ng goby <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/john-diefenbaker\/\">erno ng Diefenbaker ang<\/a> diskriminasyong hakbang na pumipigil sa mga katutubong tao na bumoto nang pederal. Ang publiko ay naging mas sensitibo sa mga katutubong halaga at kultura. Ang mga programa sa asimilasyon ay naging kasalanan at nagsimulang itaguyod ng mga pamahalaan ang pagmamalaki sa \r\n ninuno, pagsulong sa lipunan at ekonomiya, at pagpapanatili ng wika at kultura para sa parehong mga minorya ng imigrante at mga katut Ang isang punto ng paglilibot ay ang malakas na oposisyon sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/white-paper\/\">White Paper<\/a> ng pamahalaan ng pederal noong \r\n 1969, na iminungkahi na wakasan ang espesyal na katayuan ng mga katayuan ng mga katutubong tao. Bilang tugon sa oposisyon na ito, tinanggihan ng pamahalaan ng pederal ang patakaran nitong assimilationist. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nHabang lalo silang lumipat sa mga sentro ng lunsod pagkatapos ng dekada 1950, ang mga katutubong tao ay nakatagpo pa rin ng paghihihirap at diskriminasyon sa pabahay, restawran at iba pang pampublikong pasilidad; gayunpaman, nag-aalok ng ilang paglilibot Ipinakikilala ng mga pamahalaan ang pagnanais para sa mga bagong diskarte sa pakikitungo sa mga katutubong tao, at ang matagal na talakayan tungkol sa mga pag-aangkin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/land-claims\/\">sa lupa<\/a> at \r\n isang bagong katayuan sa konstitusyon ay sinamahan ng suporta ng publiko \r\n para sa \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nNgayon ang mga katutubong tao ay nagdurusa pa rin sa sikolohikal mula sa mga epekto ng kasaysay Marami rin ang nakakatagpo pa rin ng pagtatakma at diskriminasyon sa kanilang pang-araw-araw <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-self-government\/\">Ang katutubong kultura ay ip <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/inuit\/\">inagdiriwang ngayon nang malawak sa lipunan, isang federal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/truth-and-reconciliation-commission\/\">Truth and Reconciliation Commission ang nagsisikap upang ayusin<\/a> ang mga pagkakamali ng mga paaralan ng tirahan, at maraming mga katutubong tao - kabilang ang mga Inuit<\/a> ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nunavut\/\">Nunavut<\/a>, \r\n ang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nisgaa\/\">Nisga&#39;a<\/a> ng BC at ang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/gwichin\/\">Gwich&#39;in<\/a> ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/northwest-territories\/\">Northwest Territ<\/a> ories - ay nagtatamasa ngayon sa pamamahalaan at teritoryo sa bansang Canada.<\/a> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<blockquote><p>\r\n<iframe sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-popups\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"185\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.radiopublic.com\/e?if=the-secret-life-of-canada-Ww0QnZ&amp;ge=s1!c5e85b6b1ca74ec97c36fd6d608704fc34d10cd3\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n<\/p><p> <\/p>Maraming mga taga-Canada ang maaaring hindi narinig tungkol kay Madhu Verma ngunit ang kanyang halos limampung taon ng aktibismo sa lipunan ay lubos na hugis sa kasalukuyang tanawin ng Fredericton, N.B. at East Coast ng Canada. <span style=\"font-family: \" gotham=\"\" ssm=\"\" a\",=\"\" \"gotham=\"\" b\",=\"\" \"helvetica=\"\" neue\",=\"\" arial,=\"\" sans-serif;=\"\" font-size:=\"\" 15px;\"=\"\"><\/span><p><b>Tand<\/b> <i>aan: <i>Ang Lihim na Buhay ng Canada<\/i> ay naka-host at isinulat nina Falen Johnson at Leah Simone Bowen at ito ay isang orihinal na podcast ng CBC independiyente sa The Canadian Encyclopedia.<\/i> <\/p>\r\n <p><\/p><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n<h3> Pagkakaiba-iba o Pagkatunaw? <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nAng kung paano tinatrato ng lipunan ng Canada ang mga etnikong minorya nito ay bahagyang batay sa mga inaasahan tungkol sa kung ano ang dapat mangyari sa mga minorya o Inaasahan ng mga assimilationista na ang lahat ng tao ay dapat magisa sa isang kulturang \u201cpagkatunaw na palayok.\u201d Sa kabilang banda, nakikita ng mga pluralista ang pagkakaiba bilang le \r\n hitimong karapatan ng mga minorya. Lumilitaw ang mga katanungan tungkol sa mga karapatan ng mga miyembro ng isang lipunan upang palawakin ang kanilang pagkakaiba-iba sa pampulitika at relihiyon sa etniko na pluralis Sa Canada ang gayong ligal na karapatan ay orihinal na pinalawak sa dalawang \r\n nagtatag na mga tao (British at Pranses). Noong 1982, pinal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">awak ng Charter of Rights at Kal<\/a> ayaan ang pagkakapantay-pantay at kalayaan sa iba din. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nNoong 1991, tinanong ng organisasyon ng botohan ng Angus Reid sa mga Canadian kung saan sila pinapaboran ang pagkakaiba-iba. Sinabi ng karamihan na pinaboran nila ang isang federal policy na nagtataguyod at tinitiyak ng pagkakapantay-pantay, inaalis ang diskriminasyon sa lahi sa edukasyon, pangangalagang pangkalusugan at sistema ng hustisya, tumutulong sa pulisya na mapabuti ang mga serbisyo at tumutulong sa mga bagong imigrante na makakuha ng mga kasanayan \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nAng Ethnic Diversity Survey (2003), na isinagawa ng St <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/statistics-canada\/\">atistics Canada<\/a>, ay pinag-aralan ang mga etniko at kultura na background ng mga tao sa Canada. Iniulat nito na 93 porsyento ng mga taga-Canada ay hindi kailanman, \r\n o bihira, nakaranas ng diskriminasyon o hindi patas na paggamot dahil sa kanilang mga katangian ng etno-kultura. Gayunpaman, sa mga nag-ulat ng diskriminasyon, ang mga respondente ay mas malamang na maging nakikitang minorya<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">, at<\/a> mas malamang na maging mga kamakailang imigrante \r\n sa halip na pangalawa at ikatlong henerasyon ng mga Canadian. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nMaraming mga pag-aaral tungkol sa oryentasyong sekswal, kasarian, rasismo, karapatang pantao<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-rights\/\">, mga kar<\/a> apatang katutubong, etnidad at hustisya ay nai-publish din mula noong 2000. Bago noong dekada \r\n 1990, ang lipunan ng Canada ay napakalaking binubuo ng mga indibidwal na may puting nagmula sa Europa. Noong 2001 ang proporsyon ng mga nakikitang minorya ay tumaas sa 13.4 porsyento, at noong 2006 ang mga nakikitang minorya ay binubuo ng 16.2 porsyento ng populasyon. Noong 2011, \r\n ipinakita ng National Household Survey na 19 porsyento ng mga Canadian ay nakikitang minorya - na may halos 14.4 milyong katao na inaasahang magiging nakikitang minorya sa 2031. \r\n<\/p>","slug":"paghuhutlotlatldiskriminasyon","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"tl","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":1,"created_at":"2024-12-06T17:02:58.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-06T17:02:58.000000Z"},{"id":"9d7f155f-2d57-45ee-a2dd-990c7913cdc0","article_id":"87431","title":"Prejudice and Discrimination in Canada [\u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u1edf Canada]","summary":"\u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tham gia \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn. ","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/53fa1c39-873e-4b13-ad8f-64872464d594.jpg\" title=\"&lt;em>Komagata Maru&lt;\/em>\" alt=\"&lt;em>Komagata Maru&lt;\/em>\">\r\n\t<figcaption>N\u0103m 1914, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a <em>Komagata Maru<\/em> \u1edf Vancouver v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u1ea4n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u1edf Vancouver. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh (v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng Vancouver).<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do s\u1eafc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ethnic-identity\/\">t\u1ed9c, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/religion\/\">t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/a> ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/a> (<em>xem<\/em> Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c).<\/a> Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tham gia \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \r\n x\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Canada, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y nay b\u1edfi Hi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 do.<\/a> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1edbm <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn \u1edf Canada b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\"><\/a><\/a> v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 18 (<em>xem<\/em> Ch\u1ebf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/slavery-of-indigenous-people-in-canada\/\">\u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf Canada<\/a>). Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \r\n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c coi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng k\u1ebb man r\u1ee3 cao qu\u00fd\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn coi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb man r\u1ee3 v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong quan h\u1ec7 B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-french-relations\/\">- Ph\u00e1p<\/a> v\u00e0 Anh-B\u1ea3n \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\">\u0111\u1ecba<\/a> \u1edf Canada tr\u01b0\u1edbc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/confederation\/\">Li\u00ean<\/a> minh, trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \r\n l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fur-trade\/\">bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u00f4ng<\/a> th\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba (xem Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba: Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc).<\/a><\/em> \r\nTuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy tho\u00e1i trong quan h\u1ec7 khi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nDo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c<\/a> Anh sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1759-60, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n-ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\"><\/a> d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Canada t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1750 \u0111\u1ebfn nay\r\n. \u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean. B\u1edfi v\u00ec hai nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho n\u00f3 \r\n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba - ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> D\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nS\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Canada ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Anh, Ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, khi l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh coi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \r\n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Canada. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Nh\u1eadp <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">c\u01b0<\/a> m\u1edf c\u1eeda. \r\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi Canada n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Canada thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p trong Li\u00ean bang. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 mong mu\u1ed1n so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1eadp c\u01b0. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nTrong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/imperialism\/\">Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Anglo-Saxon, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Anh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 \r\n tr\u00ecnh <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/evolution\/\">ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1<\/a> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Canada ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o di s\u1ea3n Anglo-Saxon c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (xem Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c).<\/a><\/em> \r\nDo \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Anh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Anh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \r\n \u00c2u, Trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i<\/a> v\u00e0 Nam \u00c2u. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/mennonites\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/doukhobors\/\">G\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 m\u1ed5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/hutterites\/\">Hutterites v\u00e0 Mennonites n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Doukhobors<\/a> n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Nga.<\/a><\/a> \r\nC\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang n\u00f3i chung. S\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/pacifism\/\">ngh\u0129a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y<\/a> l\u00ean nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Canada. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 <\/h3>\r\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 da \u0111en v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 - ng\u01b0\u1eddi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/japanese-canadians\/\">ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/south-asians\/\">ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam \u00c1<\/a> - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Canada. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada da \u0111en<\/a> g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n Li\u00ean minh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00f3, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/slavery\/\">ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/a> v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/new-france\/\">New France<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/british-north-america\/\">B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 thu\u1ed9c \r\n Anh<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/upper-canada\/\">\u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1860, 40.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Da \u0111en \u1edf Canada bao g\u1ed3m h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u1edf New France, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/loyalists\/\">trung th\u00e0nh<\/a>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maroon \r\n Jamaica, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n M\u1ef9 t\u1eeb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/war-of-1812\/\">Chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u0103m 1812<\/a> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Canada \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7.<\/a> \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nNhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c lo s\u1ee3 d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Da \u0111en, coi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, ngu d\u1ed1t, v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda kinh t\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \r\n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb. Sau khi b\u00e3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1833, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada da \u0111en g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u00edt r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">British Columbia<\/a>, n\u01a1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1850 \r\n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u00edt h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n da tr\u1eafng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i \r\n kh\u1ecfi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n, v\u00e0 theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u00edt h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p><p><iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eZyvg_87e6o\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><br><\/iframe><\/p><p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nDo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf BC, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Nam \u00c1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu, h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong b\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \r\nD\u01b0 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">Vancouver<\/a> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1887 v\u00e0 1907. \r\nNhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-school\/\">kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng<\/a> l\u1eadp, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n \r\n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. N\u0103m 1892 v\u00e0 1907 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\/\">Alberta<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\/\">Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\/\">Nova Scotia<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/saskatchewan\/\">Saskatchewan<\/a> khi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea5m ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da tr\u1eafng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c \r\n nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, ti\u1ec7m gi\u1eb7t \u1ee7i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada Trung Qu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi Canada da \u0111en c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u1edf, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. H\u1ecd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 \r\n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i. \u0110\u00f4i khi, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf Nova Scotia v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\/\">Ontario<\/a>, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada da \u0111en t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. \r\n S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Da \u0111en th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. Trong c\u1ea3 hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang \u0111\u00e3 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eadp ng\u0169 Da \u0111en, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Nam \u00c1, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2SwNa0H4s0s\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nTrong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u201cthu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1923. M\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1907, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. M\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/order-in-council\/\">Order-in-Council<\/a> c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1907. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra lu\u1eadt nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1906, 1910 v\u00e0 1919 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1896 \u0111\u1ebfn <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u1eefng<\/a> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \r\n theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p Canada c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Canada nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Canada thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nNh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf Qu\u00e9bec nh\u01b0 \u1edf Ontario v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/french-canadian-nationalism\/\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1914, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i<\/a> \u1edf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">Montr\u00e9al l\u00e0<\/a> n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u00e0i Do Th\u00e1i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/anti-semitism\/\">m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/a>, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Canada Ph\u00e1p.<\/a> \r\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/liberalism\/\">do, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a bolshevism, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt<\/a> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nNh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i c\u00f4ng khai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u1edf Montr\u00e9al xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda Ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m ngh\u0129a trang v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng. \r\n S\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada g\u1ed1c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Do Th\u00e1i song song v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Tin l\u00e0nh c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u1edf Canada n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y coi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/a> t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Rome v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p Canada. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nC\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Canada chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung, \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Nam \u00c2u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, m\u00f9 ch\u1eef, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tham nh\u0169ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. \r\nXu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung v\u00e0 Nam \u00c2u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u01b0\u1ee3u, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/crime\/\">t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ma t\u00fay, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/gambling\/\">c\u1edd b\u1ea1c<\/a> v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nPh\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/vertical-mosaic\/\">kh\u1ea3m th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng<\/a> v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp \u1edf Canada. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Anh \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada g\u1ed1c Hoa \r\n v\u00e0 Da \u0111en, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/elites\/\">C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c Anh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-service\/\">d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng<\/a> cho \u0111\u1ebfn sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai (xem Gi\u1edbi tinh hoa).<\/a> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i da tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 da tr\u1eafng ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/nationalism\/\">ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t do<\/a> chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1ea1o ra. \r\nTrong <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\">ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng<\/a> ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u00c1o-Hung l\u00e0 \r\n n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9\u201d \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i kh\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/internment\/\">tr\u1ea1i giam gi\u1eef<\/a>. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \r\n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda; b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p; v\u00e0 trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c. L\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \r\n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nS\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng gia t\u0103ng trong chi\u1ebfn tranh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh trong h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1919 (b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920) \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1919 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1953 Doukhobors \r\n trong BC b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, v\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p li\u00ean bang t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1934 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1955. S\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \r\n c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Canada. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Slav kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u201cn\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ecfi\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Trung, Nam v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u01b0a th\u00edch\u201d v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng c\u00e1c \r\n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u01a1n 185.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Menn <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\">onites v\u00e0o Canada v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0<\/a> n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nL\u00e0n s\u00f3ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">Ku Klux Klan (K<\/a> KK), Native Sons of Canada v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/orange-order\/\">Orange Or<\/a> der ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u201cAnglo-Saxon\u201d c\u1ee7a Canada. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 KKK, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nKlan b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Montr\u00e9al, Ontario, BC v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/manitoba\/\">Manitoba<\/a> v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920. S\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Saskatchewan v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920 \u0111\u1ea1t 20.000. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">Klan t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea9y chay c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch \r\n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 li\u00ean bang, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o- Tin l\u00e0nh.<\/a> Klan \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u1edf Saskatchewan \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng T\u1ef1 do trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ec9nh n\u0103m 1929. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nM\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Anglo-Saxon g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n (xem <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/communist-party-of-canada\/\">\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n<\/a>) \r\n v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fascism\/\">ph\u00e1t x\u00edt, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3 c<\/a> \u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1930 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1935, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/richard-bedford-viscount-bennett\/\">R.B. Bennett \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c<\/a> tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n t\u00e2y Canada v\u00e0 Ontario trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/great-depression\/\">\u0110\u1ea1i suy tho\u00e1i<\/a>, \r\n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anglo-Saxon th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Anh-Canada c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u01b0u t\u00fa, b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf Montr\u00e9al, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">Toronto v\u00e0 Winnipeg<\/a>.<\/a> Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u00e0i Do Th\u00e1i c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0. Canada \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 \r\n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nTrong Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00dd<\/a>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch. \u1ede v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920 v\u00e0 1930, \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \r\n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Doukhobors \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1edfi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn. N\u0103m 1942, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Alberta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hutterites\/\">Hutterites<\/a> trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u00e0 \r\n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1947 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1972 lu\u1eadt Alberta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Hutterite c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nS\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada g\u1ed1c Nh\u1eadt c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e9t qua tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1937-38, 1940 v\u00e0 1941-42. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o Tr\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u C\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \r\n d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1942, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang ra l\u1ec7nh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 t\u00e1n kh\u1ecfi khu v\u1ef1c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kho\u1ea3ng 22.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a BC v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u1eb7p \r\n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada g\u1ed1c Nh\u1eadt t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n sang Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t \r\n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf l\u1ec7nh tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1947, b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1949 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. \r\n(Xem T\u1ef1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/civil-liberties\/\">do D\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/a>) \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn trong v\u00e0 sau chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u0169ng l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\">Ukraine<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng \r\n qua s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh. S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gh\u00ea t\u1edfm ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Hitler v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Hitler v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 \r\n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng khai v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u00e0i Do Th\u00e1i. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nVi\u1ec7c Canada k\u00fd Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/united-nations\/\">Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c<\/a> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1944 v\u00e0 Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n n\u0103m 1948 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u1ee7a Canada v\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Sau khi \r\n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh lang d\u1eef d\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu \u1edf Canada (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1947, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1949). L\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nam \u00c1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 \r\n v\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Canada hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp c\u01b0. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> Di s\u1ea3n <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nNh\u1eadp c\u01b0 sau n\u0103m 1945 v\u1eabn thi\u00ean v\u1ecb c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Pakistan v\u00e0 Ceylon (1951). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 sau chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng. \r\nC\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ef1 khoan dung m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 v\u00e0 1960 - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-bill-of-rights\/\">lu\u1eadt <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/human-rights\/\">nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n<\/a> c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh, Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean bang \r\n Canada<\/a> (1960) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u1ee7y ban nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n - l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c Anglo-Saxon. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft \r\n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gh\u00ea t\u1edfm ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Hitler, s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Anh v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n M\u1ef9. S\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 v\u00e0 1960 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00ean cao c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada \r\n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Anglo-Saxon th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc gi\u1eefa giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nC\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/royal-commission-on-bilingualism-and-biculturalism\/\">song ng\u1eef v\u00e0 song v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c<\/a> \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t Ch\u00ednh <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">s\u00e1ch Nh\u1eadp c\u01b0<\/a> c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 - c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 - d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u sang d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1971 cho th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng 95% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Canada bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \r\n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 di s\u1ea3n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u01a1n 5% ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ch\u1ec9 25 n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1996, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">thi\u1ec3u<\/a> s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i da tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u00ean 11%. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nTh\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 20 song song v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt b\u1edfi v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/indian-act\/\"><em>\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/em><\/a>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1eabn \r\n ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u00fac. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nQuan ni\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n Li\u00ean minh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c trong bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u00f4ng th\u00fa d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/christianity\/\">C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp h\u1ecd tr\u00ean <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-reserves\/\">c\u00e1c<\/a> khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a ch\u00fang th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/a> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \r\n nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb em B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/residential-schools\/\">c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a> n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa do nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n tr\u1ebb em c\u0169ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 \r\n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 m\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-languages\/\">ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/a> ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf v\u00e0 \r\n h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nTr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/missions-and-missionaries\/\">truy\u1ec1n<\/a> gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indian\/\">\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/a>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \r\n th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u00edch k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Canada \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay, trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh \r\n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadp ng\u0169, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn binh trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf Canada m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 (<em>xem<\/em> D\u00e2n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-peoples-and-the-world-wars\/\">t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0<\/a> Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi). \r\n\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac nhanh ch\u00f3ng khi chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean bang mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf k\u00e9m h\u01a1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-suffrage\/\">Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i da tr\u1eafng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng \r\n th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu, b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng b\u1eadc d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ecb k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (xem Quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba).<\/a><\/em> \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nQua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai. S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, thi\u1ebfu c\u1ea1nh tranh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 da \u0111en, \r\n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi Canada trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nTh\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1eadu Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi trong quan h\u1ec7 B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba song song v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-political-organization-and-activism\/\">t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/a> t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n vi\u00ean B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb h\u1ea1ng hai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u0103m 1960, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/john-diefenbaker\/\">Diefenbaker \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/a> bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu li\u00ean bang. C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \r\n t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/white-paper\/\">S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng<\/a> \r\n n\u0103m 1969 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nKhi h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb sau nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong nh\u00e0 \u1edf, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c; tuy nhi\u00ean, lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 mong mu\u1ed1n \r\n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 y\u00eau s\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/land-claims\/\">\u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \r\n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/a> c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nNg\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/truth-and-reconciliation-commission\/\">\u1ee6y ban S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 H\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i<\/a> li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba - bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/inuit\/\">Inuit<\/a> c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nunavut\/\">Nunavut<\/a>, \r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nisgaa\/\">Nisga&#39;a<\/a> c\u1ee7a BC v\u00e0 Gwich <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/gwichin\/\">&#39;in<\/a> c\u1ee7a L\u00e3nh <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/northwest-territories\/\">th\u1ed5 T\u00e2y B\u1eafc - hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-self-government\/\">t\u1ef1<\/a> tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5<\/a> trong qu\u1ed1c gia Canada. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<blockquote><p>\r\n<iframe sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-popups\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"185\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.radiopublic.com\/e?if=the-secret-life-of-canada-Ww0QnZ&amp;ge=s1!c5e85b6b1ca74ec97c36fd6d608704fc34d10cd3\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n<\/p><p> <\/p>Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Madhu Verma nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh quan hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Fredericton, N.B. v\u00e0 B\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng Canada. <span style=\"font-family: \" gotham=\"\" ssm=\"\" a\",=\"\" \"gotham=\"\" b\",=\"\" \"helvetica=\"\" neue\",=\"\" arial,=\"\" sans-serif;=\"\" font-size:=\"\" 15px;\"=\"\"><\/span><p><b>L\u01b0u \u00fd<\/b><i>: <i>Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Canada<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi Falen Johnson v\u00e0 Leah Simone Bowen v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t podcast g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a CBC \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi The Canadian Encyclopedia.<\/i> <\/p>\r\n <p><\/p><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n<h3> \u0110a d\u1ea1ng hay n\u1ed3i tan ch\u1ea3y? <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\nC\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Canada \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u1ed3i tan ch\u1ea3y\u201d v\u0103n h\u00f3a. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111a nguy\u00ean coi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c \r\n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang \u0111a nguy\u00ean s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c. \u1ede Canada, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \r\n s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp (Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p). \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1982, Hi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 do<\/a> c\u0169ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nN\u0103m 1991, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn Angus Reid \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o. \u0110a s\u1ed1 cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean bang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \r\n \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nKh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0110a d\u1ea1ng D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c (2003), do Th\u1ed1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/statistics-canada\/\">k\u00ea Canada<\/a> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf Canada. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng 93% ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada \r\n ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd, ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ebfm khi, tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 r\u00f5<\/a> r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 \r\n n\u0103ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nNhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-rights\/\">quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/a>, s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \r\n n\u0103m 1990, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Canada ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u da tr\u1eafng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2001, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 13,4%, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2006, c\u00e1c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfm 16,2% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. N\u0103m 2011, Kh \r\n \u1ea3o s\u00e1t h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c gia cho th\u1ea5y 19% ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y - v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 14,4 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2031. \r\n<\/p>","slug":"dvinhvikvienviaviphanvibvietvidovixu","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"vi","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":8,"created_at":"2024-11-15T17:24:09.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-11-15T17:24:09.000000Z"},{"id":"9da94c69-d95f-4847-a76c-edbe0da41c24","article_id":"87431","title":"Prejudice and Discrimination in Canada [\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u6b67\u89c6]","summary":"\u504f\u89c1\u662f\u6307\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u79cd\u65cf\u800c\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u672a\u7ecf\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u6b67\u89c6\u662f\u6307\u7531\u4e8e\u504f\u89c1\u800c\u6392\u65a5\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u5145\u5206\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u3002","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/53fa1c39-873e-4b13-ad8f-64872464d594.jpg\" title=\"&lt;em>\u9a79\u5f62\u4e38&lt;\/em>\" alt=\"&lt;em>\u9a79\u5f62\u4e38&lt;\/em>\">\r\n\t<figcaption>1914\u5e74\uff0c<em>Komagata Maru<\/em> \u4e0e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u79fb\u6c11\u4e00\u8d77\u62b5\u8fbe\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u793a\u5a01\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u5165\u5883\uff08\u7531\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u516c\u5171\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09\u3002<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/racism\/\">\u504f\u89c1\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u672a\u7ecf\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u9884\u5148\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u79cd<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ethnic-identity\/\">\u65cf\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/religion\/\">\u5b97\u6559<\/a>\u6216\u79cd\u65cf<\/a>\uff08<em>\u89c1<\/em>\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u3002<\/a>\u6b67\u89c6\u662f\u6307\u7531\u4e8e\u504f\u89c1\u800c\u6392\u65a5\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u5145\u5206\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\r\n\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd1\u51e0\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u4f7f\u8be5\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9a6c\u8d5b\u514b\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5e73\u7b49\u53d7\u5230\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u7684<\/a>\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>\u63d0\u524d\u7ed3\u7b97 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u548c\u89e3\u4e4b\u521d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece17 \r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\"><\/a> \u548c18\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u73b0\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people\/\">\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11<\/a>\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u770b\u51fa\uff08<em>\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/slavery-of-indigenous-people-in-canada\/\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u5236<\/a>\uff09\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u5bf9\r\n\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u65e2\u590d\u6742\u53c8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4ece\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a \u201c\u9ad8\u8d35\u7684\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\u201d \u5230\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\u4e0d\u7b49\u3002<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/confederation\/\">\u8054\u90a6<\/a>\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e2d\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-french-relations\/\">\u571f\u8457\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd<\/a>\u548c\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\">\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u571f\u8457<\/a>\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c<a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9ed1\u4eba<\/a>\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f46<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/slavery\/\">\u5974\u96b6\u5236<\/a>\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/new-france\/\">\u65b0\u6cd5\u5170\u897f<\/a>\u548c\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/british-north-america\/\">\u82f1\u5c5e\u5317\u7f8e<\/a>\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/upper-canada\/\">\u5230 19 \u4e16\u7eaa 60 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684 40,000 \u540d\u9ed1\u4eba\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/loyalists\/\">\u5fe0\u8bda\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/a>\u3001\r\n\u7259\u4e70\u52a0\u6817\u8272\u4eba\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/war-of-1812\/\">1812 \u5e74\u6218\u4e89<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u96be\u6c11\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u9003\u907f\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u800c\u6765\u5230\u4e0a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u9003\u72af\u3002<\/a> 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/gambling\/\">\u8d4c\u535a<\/a>\u548c\u767d\u4eba\u5987\u5973\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u662f\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u79cd\u65cf\u8bfd\u8c24\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u6218\u65f6\u8feb\u5bb3 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u6b67\u89c6\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u804c\u4e1a\u548c\u6536\u5165<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/vertical-mosaic\/\">\u7eb5\u5411\u9519<\/a>\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u4f4d\u5c45\u699c\u9996\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u4e8b\u6700\u5351\u9119\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u534e\u88d4\r\n\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9ed1\u4eba\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/elites\/\">\u975e\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u975e\u6cd5\u56fd\u56e2\u4f53\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-service\/\">\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u7684<\/a>\u4e2d\u95f4\u9636\u5c42\u53d6\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\uff08\u89c1\u7cbe\u82f1\uff09\u3002<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/nationalism\/\">\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5bf9\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u6b67\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u624d\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0e\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u548c<\/a>\u6765\u81ea\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u662f\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u8feb\r\n\u5bb3\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u201c\u654c\u65b9\u5916\u661f\u4eba\u201d \u88ab\u89e3\u96c7\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8e\u8b66\u5bdf\u76d1\u89c6\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6216\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/internment\/\">\u62d8\u7559\u8425<\/a>\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6821\u548c\r\n\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u5802\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u9996\u5148\u53d7\u5230\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u538b\u5236\uff1b\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u66b4\u4e71\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u5e73\u6c11\u88ad\u51fb\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u548c\u5fb7\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u573a\u6240\u3002\u5fe0\u8bda\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\r\n\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5bf9\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b97\u6559\u6d3e\u522b\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e5f\u6108\u6f14\u6108\u70c8\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e861919\u5e74\u7684\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u4ee4\uff08\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\uff09\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u7981\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u56fd\u3002\u4ece1919\u5e74\u52301953\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7701\u7684\u675c\u514b\u970d\r\n\u535a\u65af\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u6295\u7968\u6743\uff0c\u8be5\u7981\u4ee4\u4ece1934\u5e74\u52301955\u5e74\u6269\u5927\u5230\u8054\u90a6\u4e00\u7ea7\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u4ee5\u53ca\u6218\u540e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8427\u6761\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u654c\u610f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9876\u5cf0\uff0c\u5e76\u4fc3\r\n\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u5bf9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\">\u95e8\u8bfa\u6d3e\u6559\u5f92<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u519c\u573a\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u4f63\u5de5\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u79fb\u6c11\u6d6a\u6f6e\u518d\u6b21\u5524\u8d77\u4e86\u504f\u89c1\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">Ku Klux Klan<\/a>\uff08KKK\uff09\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u672c\u571f\u4e4b\u5b50\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/orange-order\/\">\u6a59\u8272<\/a>\u9a91\u58eb\u56e2\u7b49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6279\u8bc4\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u5bf9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684 \u201c\u76ce\u683c\u9c81\u6492\u514b\u900a\u201d \u6027\u683c\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662fKKK\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u5bf9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nKlan \u4e8e 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 20 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14\u3001\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u7701\u3001\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7701\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/manitoba\/\">\u66fc\u5c3c\u6258<\/a>\u5df4\u7701\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u8428\u65af\u5580\u5f7b\u6e29\u7701\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8fbe\u52302\u4e07\u4eba\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">Klan 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/communist-party-of-canada\/\">\u5171\u4ea7\u515a<\/a>\uff09\r\n\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fascism\/\">\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u30021930\u5e74\u81f31935\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u603b\u7406<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/richard-bedford-viscount-bennett\/\">\u8d1d\u5185\u7279\u5229\u7528\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\u6765\u963b\u6320\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/a>\u5728\u5927<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/great-depression\/\">\u8427\u6761<\/a>\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u897f\u90e8\u548c\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u7701\u7684\u52b3\u8d44\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u975e\u76ce\u683c\u9c81\u6492\u514b\u900a\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\r\n\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u82f1\u52a0\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8c03\u7f62\u5de5\u8005\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u8840\u7edf\u6765\u7834\u574f\u52b3\u5de5\u56e2\u7ed3\uff0c\u62b9\u9ed1\u7f62\u5de5\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u8a89\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u9650\u5236\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u914d\u989d\u4ee5\u53ca\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14\u3001\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u548c\u6e29\u5c3c\u4f2f\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u793e\u4ea4\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u3001\u6d77\u6ee9\u548c\u5ea6\u5047\u6751\u7684\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/a><\/a>\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5f53\u72b9\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u907f\u5f00\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u65f6\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5173\u95ed\r\n\u4e86\u5927\u95e8\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">\u610f\u5927\u5229\u88d4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u6210\u5458\u4e5f\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u654c\u610f\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1930\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7701\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u6218\u65f6\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u52a0\r\n\u5267\u4e86\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u675c\u514b\u970d\u535a\u4eba\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u30021942\u5e74\uff0c\u827e\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u5411<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hutterites\/\">\u54c8\u7279\u91cc\u7279\u4eba\u51fa\u552e\u6240\u6709\u571f\u5730\uff0c\r\n\u4ece1947\u5e74\u52301972\u5e74\uff0c\u827e\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u54c8\u7279\u6d3e<\/a>\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6570\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u7701\u5185\u533a\u57df\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5bf9\u65e5\u88d4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u654c\u610f\u6301\u7eed\u3001\u5e7f\u6cdb\u548c\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7701\u3002\u57281937-38\u5e74\u30011940\u5e74\u548c1941-42\u5e74\uff0c\u53cd\u65e5\u60c5\u7eea\u6d6a\u6f6e\u5e2d\u5377\u4e86\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7701\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5bf9\u73cd\u73e0\u6e2f\u7684\u88ad\u51fb\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u65e5\u88d4\r\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u654c\u610f\u30021942 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/civil-liberties\/\">\u300a\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u300b<\/a>\u3002\uff09\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u548c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u534e\u88d4\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\">\u4e4c\u514b\u5170<\/a>\u88d4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\r\n\u901a\u8fc7\u652f\u6301\u6218\u4e89\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u9636\u5c42\u53c2\u4e0e\u6218\u65f6\u5de5\u4e1a\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u58c1\u5792\u3002\u5bf9\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u538c\u6076\u6700\u7ec8\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4f18\u8d8a\u79cd\u65cf\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u516c\u5f00\r\n\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e8e1944\u5e74\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/united-nations\/\">\u8054\u5408\u56fd<\/a>\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\uff0c1948\u5e74\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6743\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u653f\u7b56\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\r\n\u6fc0\u70c8\u6e38\u8bf4\u548c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u540c\u60c5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u9009\u7968\uff081947\u5e74\u662f\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c1949\u5e74\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ea\u6709\u73b0\u6709\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u5b50\u5973\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\r\n\u548c\u5357\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u9057\u4ea7 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-bill-of-rights\/\">\u6cd5\u6848\u548c\u6cd5\u5178\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u3001\u8054\u90a6\r\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a>\u4eba\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\uff081960\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u4eba\u6743\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\u5c31\u662f\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\r\n\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u538c\u6076\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u5f3a\u56fd\u7684\u8870\u843d\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u30021950\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\r\n\u975e\u76ce\u683c\u9c81\u6492\u514b\u900a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5411\u4e0a\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u524a\u5f31\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u5f53\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u53cc<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/royal-commission-on-bilingualism-and-biculturalism\/\">\u8bed\u548c\u53cc\u6587\u5316\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684<\/a>\u5efa\u8bae\u4ee5\u53ca1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u66f4\u516c\u6b63\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e5\u76ca\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4ece\u4ee5\u6b27\u6d32\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5411\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u6d41\u5165\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u30021971\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7ea6\u670995\uff05\u7684\u4eba\r\n\u53e3\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u627e\u5230\u8d85\u8fc75\uff05\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u975e\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec525\u5e74\u540e\u76841996\u5e74\uff0c\u975e\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u3001\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">\u660e\u663e\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf<\/a>\u4eba\u53e3\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u8fbe\u523011\uff05\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4f53\u9a8c <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n19\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u5bf9\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u4e0e\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u88d4\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">\u6761\u7ea6<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/indian-act\/\"><em>\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6cd5\u300b<\/em><\/a>\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\r\n\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5bb6\u957f\u5f0f\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u8054\u90a6\u524d\u5c06\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u89c6\u4e3a\u6bdb\u76ae\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u76df\u53cb\u6216\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u843d\u540e\u7eca\u811a\u77f3\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/christianity\/\">\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u9694\u79bb\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-reserves\/\">\u4fdd\u7559<\/a>\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u6d3e\u4e00\u9053\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u6b27\u6d32\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6765\u540c\u5316\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/a>\u5c3d\u7ba1\r\n\u8bb8\u591a\u571f\u8457\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u8d44\u52a9\u3001\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u5f00\u529e\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/residential-schools\/\">\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821<\/a>\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u4e5f\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u8650\u5f85\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u6027\u8650\u5f85\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\r\n\u66f4\u591a\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4e0e\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u9664<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-languages\/\">\u571f\u8457\u8bed\u8a00<\/a>\u548c\u6587\u5316\r\n\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u4ee4<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indian\/\">\u5370\u5ea6<\/a>\u653f\u5e9c\u7279\u5de5\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/missions-and-missionaries\/\">\u4f20\u6559\u58eb<\/a>\u5927\u5403\u4e00\u60ca\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\r\n\u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u88ab\u9f13\u52b1\u4e3a\u6765\u8bbf\u7684\u653f\u8981\u6216\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u96c6\u5e02\u4e0a\u5c55\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c55\u89c8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u53e4\u6734\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u9057\u8ff9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5177\u6709\u8bbd\u523a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\r\n\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u5165\u4f0d\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u9f13\u52b1\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6b66\u58eb\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u8bd5\u56fe\u538b\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\uff08<em>\u89c1<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-peoples-and-the-world-wars\/\">\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u548c<\/a>\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\uff09\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8054\u90a6\u5f53\u5c40\u9884\u8ba1\u571f\u8457\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u5230\u6218\u524d\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u540c\u6837\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-suffrage\/\">\u50cf\u5927\u591a\u6570\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\r\n\u65e0\u6cd5\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u88ab\u964d\u7ea7\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u6c61\u540d\u5316\uff08\u89c1\u571f\u8457\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\uff09\u3002<\/a><\/em>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u516c\u4f17\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u5730\u7406\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u4e0e\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\r\n\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4e9a\u88d4\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u571f\u8457\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u975e\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u975e\u6cd5\u56fd\u65cf\u88d4\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9010\u6e10\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-political-organization-and-activism\/\">\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u571f\u8457\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u8d28\u7591\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e8c\u7b49\u5730\u4f4d\u30021960\u5e74\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/john-diefenbaker\/\">\u8fea\u82ac\u8d1d\u514b<\/a>\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u963b\u6b62\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u53c2\u52a0\u8054\u90a6\u6295\u7968\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u571f\u8457\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u654f\u611f\u3002\u540c\u5316\u8ba1\u5212\u58f0\u540d\u72fc\u85c9\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u63d0\u5021\u79fb\u6c11\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u5bf9\r\n\u7956\u5148\u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fdb\u6b65\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u662f\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c \r\n 1969\u5e74\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u906d\u5230\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u8be5<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/white-paper\/\">\u767d\u76ae\u4e66<\/a>\u63d0\u8bae\u7ec8\u6b62\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5426\u8ba4\u4e86\u5176\u540c\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u8fc1\u5f80\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u9910\u9986\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u9047\u5230\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u6b67\u89c6\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u6743\u7acb\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8865\u6551\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8868\u793a\r\n\u5e0c\u671b\u91c7\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u5173\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/land-claims\/\">\u571f\u5730\u4e3b\u5f20\u548c\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u65f7\u65e5\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u571f\u8457\r\n\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20<\/a>\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u4ecd\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u906d\u53d7\u5386\u53f2\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u9047\u5230\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u6b67\u89c6\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-self-government\/\">\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u6587\u5316\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8d5e\u626c\uff0c\u8054\u90a6<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/truth-and-reconciliation-commission\/\">\u771f\u76f8\u4e0e\u548c\u89e3\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/a>\u52aa\u529b\u7ea0\u6b63\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nunavut\/\">\u52aa\u7eb3\u6b66<\/a>\u7279\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/inuit\/\">\u56e0\u7ebd\u7279\u4eba<\/a>\u3001\r\n\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7701\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nisgaa\/\">\u5c3c\u65af\u52a0<\/a>\u4eba\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/northwest-territories\/\">\u897f\u5317\u5730\u533a\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/gwichin\/\">\u683c\u5a01\u94a6\u4eba\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5728<\/a>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u56fd\u5185\u4eab\u6709\u81ea\u6cbb\u548c\u9886\u571f<\/a>\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<blockquote><p>\r\n<iframe sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-popups\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"185\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.radiopublic.com\/e?if=the-secret-life-of-canada-Ww0QnZ&amp;ge=s1!c5e85b6b1ca74ec97c36fd6d608704fc34d10cd3\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n<\/p><p> <\/p>\u8bb8\u591a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u9a6c\u675c\u00b7\u7ef4\u5c14\u739b\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u8fd1\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u4e0d\u4f26\u745e\u514b\u987f\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e1c\u6d77\u5cb8\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u3002<span style=\"font-family: \" gotham=\"\" ssm=\"\" a\",=\"\" \"gotham=\"\" b\",=\"\" \"helvetica=\"\" neue\",=\"\" arial,=\"\" sans-serif;=\"\" font-size:=\"\" 15px;\"=\"\"><\/span><p><b>\u6ce8\u610f<\/b><i>\uff1a<i>\u300a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u751f\u6d3b\u300b<\/i>\u7531\u6cd5\u4f26\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u548c\u5229\u4e9a\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u5a1c\u00b7\u9c8d\u6069\u4e3b\u6301\u548c\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u300a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\u539f\u521b\u64ad\u5ba2\u3002<\/i> <\/p>\r\n <p><\/p><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n<h3> \u591a\u5143\u5316\u8fd8\u662f\u5927\u7194\u7089\uff1f <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5f85\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u6216\u79fb\u6c11\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002\u540c\u5316\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u9884\u8ba1\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u878d\u5165\u6587\u5316 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">\u300a\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b<\/a>\u4e5f\u5c06\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u6269\u5927\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n1991\u5e74\uff0c\u5b89\u683c\u65af\u00b7\u91cc\u5fb7\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8be2\u95ee\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8d5e\u6210\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d5e\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8be5\u653f\u7b56\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u548c\u786e\u4fdd\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u548c\r\n\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8b66\u5bdf\u6539\u5584\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u83b7\u5f97\u878d\u5165\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/statistics-canada\/\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c40\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u591a\u6837\u6027\u8c03\u67e5\uff082003\u5e74\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a>\u4eba\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u5b83\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c93\uff05\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\r\n\u4ece\u672a\u6216\u5f88\u5c11\u56e0\u5176\u65cf\u88d4\u6587\u5316\u7279\u5f81\u800c\u906d\u53d7\u8fc7\u6b67\u89c6\u6216\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u786e\u5b9e\u4e3e\u62a5\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf<\/a>\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u3002\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u81ea2000\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd8\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u4eba\u6743\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-rights\/\">\u571f\u8457\u6743\u5229<\/a>\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u5728 \r\n 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[\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u504f\u898b\u548c\u6b67\u8996]","summary":"\u504f\u898b\u662f\u6307\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u7121\u6839\u64da\u3001\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u9810\u5148\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56e0\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u7a2e\u65cf\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u3002\u6b67\u8996\u662f\u56e0\u504f\u898b\u800c\u6392\u9664\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u53c3\u8207\u793e\u6703\u3002","body":"<div><img src=\"https:\/\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\/media\/media\/53fa1c39-873e-4b13-ad8f-64872464d594.jpg\" title=\"&lt;em>\u99d2\u5f62\u4e38&lt;\/em>\" alt=\"&lt;em>\u99d2\u5f62\u4e38&lt;\/em>\">\r\n\t<figcaption>1914 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">\u96d6\u7136\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u806f\u76df\u524d\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-french-relations\/\">-\u6cd5<\/a>\u570b\u548c\r\n\u82f1\u570b-\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u95dc\u4fc2\u5b58\u5728\u986f\u8457\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c<a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/conquest\/\">\u5f81<\/a>\u670d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u5730\u7406\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8207\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u9010\u6f38\u8b8a\u5f97\u6bd4\u6b96\u6c11\u570b\u4e4b\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-european-relations\/\"><\/a>\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u592a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u6cd5\u570b\u5b9a\u5c45\u6c11\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u7af6\u722d\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5f9e 1750 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href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/a>\r\n\u8aaa\u6cd5\u8a9e\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u53cd\u5c0d\u5b83\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u653f\u7b56\u5c07\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7834\u58de\u6cd5\u570b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5728\u806f\u90a6\u5167\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u8aaa\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u90fd\u5c0d\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u7406\u60f3\u6027\u90fd\u6709\u504f\u898b\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u5728 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u548c 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\uff0c\u5c0d\u9032\u6b65\u548c\u767d\u4eba\u512a\u52e2\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5728\u6574\u500b\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u90fd\u662f\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u3002<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/imperialism\/\">\u8a31\u591a\u8aaa\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5b89\u683c\u9b6f\u85a9\u514b\u905c\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u82f1\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u539f\u5247\u662f\u751f\u7269\u9032\r\n\u5316\u7684\u9802\u9ede\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/evolution\/\">\u5049<\/a>\u5927\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5176\u82f1\u683c\u9b6f\u85a9\u514b\u905c\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\uff08\u898b\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff09\u3002<\/a><\/em>\r\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u67d0\u500b\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u9700\u8981\u6027\u7684\u8a55\u50f9\u5e7e\u4e4e\u76f4\u63a5\u8207\u5176\u6210\u54e1\u7b26\u5408\u82f1\u570b\u6587\u5316\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6700\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u5f8c\u662f\u5317\u6b50\u548c\u897f\r\n\u6b50\u4eba\uff0c\u4e2d\u6b50\u548c\u6771\u6b50\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u7336\u592a<\/a>\u4eba\u548c\u5357\u6b50\u4eba\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/mennonites\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/doukhobors\/\">\u63a5\u8fd1\u5730\u65b9\u6700\u5e95\u7684\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5b97\u6559\u6d3e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8aaa\u5fb7\u8a9e\u7684\u80e1\u7279\u91cc\u4eba\u548c\u9580\u8afe\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc4\u8a9e\u7684\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/hutterites\/\">\u675c\u79d1\u535a\u723e\u4eba<\/a>\u3002<\/a><\/a>\r\n\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u7e3d\u662f\u7531\u516c\u8077\u5b98\u54e1\u548c\u516c\u773e\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b64\u7acb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u540c\u5316\u8b8a\u5f97\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7bc0\u7701\u548c\u5de5\u696d\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u6210\u70ba\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u7af6\u722d\u5c0d\u624b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u7fa9<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/pacifism\/\">\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011<\/a>\u5c0d\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u9ed1\u4eba\u548c\u4e9e\u6d32\u9ad4\u9a57 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\u9ed1\u4eba\u548c\u4e9e\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/chinese-canadians\/\">\u4e2d\u570b<\/a>\u4eba\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/japanese-canadians\/\">\u65e5\u672c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a>\u4eba\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/south-asians\/\">\u5357\u4e9e\u4eba-<\/a> \u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u878d\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/black-canadians\/\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9ed1\u4eba\u5728\u806f<\/a>\u90a6\u524d\u6642\u4ee3\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u504f\u898b\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u53cd\u5c0d\u5b83\uff0c\u4f46\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/new-france\/\">\u65b0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/slavery\/\">\u6cd5<\/a>\u570b\u548c\u82f1\u5c6c\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/british-north-america\/\">\u5b58\r\n\u5728\u4e86\u5974\u96b8\u5236<\/a>\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/upper-canada\/\">\u5230 1860 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684 40,000 \u540d\u9ed1\u4eba\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u5974\u96b8\u7684\u5f8c\u88d4\u3001\u5fe0\u5be6\u8005\u3001\u7259<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/loyalists\/\">\u8cb7<\/a>\u52a0\u9ebb\r\n\u4eba\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/war-of-1812\/\">1812 \u5e74\u6230\u722d<\/a>\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u96e3\u6c11\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f86\u5230\u4e0a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9003\u812b\u5974\u96b8\u5236\u7684\u9003\u72af\u3002<\/a> \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u8a31\u591a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u57fa\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u57fa\u790e\u53cd\u5c0d\u5974\u96b8\u5236\uff0c\u4e26\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f86\u81ea\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u3002\u4f46\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u9ed1\u4eba\u5b9a\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u6e67\u5165\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5f8c\u9000\uff0c\u7121\u77e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u8996\r\n\u70ba\u5ec9\u50f9\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u5728 1833 \u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u5e1d\u570b\u6700\u7d42\u5ee2\u9664\u5974\u96b8\u5236\u5ea6\u5f8c\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9ed1\u4eba\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u8f03\u5c11\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u9762\u81e8\u8457\u5f88\u591a\u793e\u6703\u504f\u898b\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u6b67\u8996\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4e0d\u5217\u985b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/british-columbia\/\">\u54e5<\/a>\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u7701\u7684\u4e9e\u6d32\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u88e1\u5728 1850 \r\n \u5e74\u4ee3\u5230 1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u53cd\u4e9e\u6d32\u60c5\u7dd2\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e9e\u6d32\u4eba\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5916\u661f\u4eba\u548c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u52de\u5de5\u5718\u9ad4\u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u4e9e\u6d32\u4eba\u5f9e\u767d\u4eba\u90a3\u88e1\u7372\u5f97\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e26\u964d\u4f4e\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u9858\u610f\u6bd4\u767d\u4eba\u5de5\u5c11\u7684\u9322\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e9e\u6d32\u4eba\u88ab\u6392\r\n\u9664\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u5de5\u6703\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u653f\u7b56\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u85aa\u916c\u4e9e\u6d32\u5de5\u4eba\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5c11\u3002<\/p><p><iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eZyvg_87e6o\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\"><br><\/iframe><\/p><p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u7531\u65bc\u82f1\u5c6c\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u6cd5\u4f8b\u548c\u793e\u6703\u6163\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u5357\u4e9e\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u6295\u7968\u3001\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u85e5\u5291\u696d\u3001\u88ab\u9078\u70ba\u516c\u8077\u3001\u64d4\u4efb\u966a\u5be9\u5718\uff0c\u6216\u5f9e\u4e8b\u516c\u52d9\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6216\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u5de5\u4f5c\u696d\u3002\r\n\u516c\u773e\u5c0d\u4e9e\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u610f\u898b\u591a\u6b21\u5728\u66b4\u529b\u53cd\u4e2d\u570b\u548c\u53cd\u4e9e\u6d32\u66b4\u52d5\u4e2d\u8868\u9054\u3002\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u66b4\u52d5\u662f\u5728 1887 \u5e74\u548c 1907 \u5e74\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/vancouver\/\">\u6eab\u54e5\u83ef<\/a>\u3002\r\n\u53cd\u4e9e\u6d32\u5718\u9ad4\u4e5f\u591a\u6b21\u8a66\u5716\u6392\u9664\u4e9e\u6d32\u4eba\u5165<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-school\/\">\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\uff0c<\/a>\u9650\u5236\u5411\u4e9e\u6d32\u4eba\u51fa\u552e\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4e26\u56b4\u683c\u9650\u5236\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u6f01\u6c11\r\n\u767c\u51fa\u724c\u7167\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u30021892 \u5e74\u548c 1907 \u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u723e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/alberta\/\">\u4f2f<\/a>\u5854\u7701\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/quebec\/\">\u9b41<\/a>\u5317\u514b\u7701\u3001\u65b0\u65af\u79d1<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nova-scotia\/\">\u820d<\/a>\u7701\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/saskatchewan\/\">\u85a9\u65af\u5580\u5fb9<\/a>\u6eab\u7701\u4e5f\u767c\u751f\u8f03\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u53cd\u4e2d\u570b\u66b4\u52d5\uff0c\r\n\u7576\u6cd5\u4f8b\u88ab\u901a\u904e\u7981\u6b62\u767d\u4eba\u5a66\u5973\u5728\r\n\u9910\u5ef3\u3001\u6d17\u8863\u5e97\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e2d\u570b\u6216\u65e5\u672c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4f01\u696d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u5728 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u548c 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u81f3\u4e2d\u65ec\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5728\u623f\u5c4b\u3001\u5c31\u696d\u548c\u7372\u5f97\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u9762\u81e8\u985e\u4f3c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u9152\u5e97\u548c\u9910\u5ef3\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\r\n\u96e3\u9032\u5165\u5287\u9662\u548c\u6e38\u6cf3\u6c60\u3002\u6709\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u88ab\u8feb\u9032\u5165\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u5b78\u6821\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u65b0\u65af\u79d1\u820d\u7701\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/ontario\/\">\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u7701\uff0c\u90a3\u88e1\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a>\u4eba\u6700\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\r\n\u5c0d\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u5076\u723e\u7206\u767c\u6210\u66b4\u529b\u3002\u5728\u5169\u5834\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b66\u88dd\u90e8\u968a\u4e0d\u9858\u63a5\u53d7\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u5357\u4e9e\u7684\u5165\u8077\u8005\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6bcf\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u7d42\u90fd\u5728\u670d\u5f79\u3002<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2SwNa0H4s0s\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"note-video-clip\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u300c\u982d\u7a05\u300d\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab 1923 \u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u963b\u6b62\u30021907 \u5e74\u8207\u65e5\u672c\u7c3d\u8a02\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u7537\u58eb\u5354\u8b70\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u3002\u4e00\u500b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/order-in-council\/\">\u8b70\u6703\u547d\u4ee4\u65bc 1907 \u5e74\u7981<\/a>\u6b62\u5f9e\u5370\u5ea6\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u9084\u5728 1906 \u5e74\uff0c1910 \u5e74\u548c 1919 \u5e74\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u6b50\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5728 1896 \u5e74\u548c\u7b2c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/second-world-war-wwii\/\">\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4e4b\u9593<\/a>\uff0c\r\n\u6cd5\u570b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6307\u63a7\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u6cd5\u8a9e\uff09\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u9670\u8b00\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u7834\u58de\u6cd5\u570b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u548c\u897f\u90e8\u90a3\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u516c\u5171\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5f88\u5c11\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/french-canadian-nationalism\/\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5230 1914 \u5e74\uff0c\u8499\u7279<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/jewish-canadians\/\">\u5229\u723e\u7684\u7336<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/montreal\/\">\u592a\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u5f37<\/a>\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u7336\u592a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u53d7<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/anti-semitism\/\">\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u5176<\/a>\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6e90\u65bc\u6cd5\u570b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u504f\u898b\u3002<\/a>\r\n\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u525d\u524a\u8005\u3001\u5c0d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u570b\u969b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u535a\u723e\u820d\u7dad\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u57ce\u5e02<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/liberalism\/\">\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u90aa<\/a>\u60e1\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u3002\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u5728\u8499\u7279\u5229\u723e\u6d89\u53ca\u6cd5\u570b\u548c\u82f1\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u516c\u773e\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u5c31\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u6559\u6d3e\u4e0a\u7684\u5b78\u6821\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53ca\u9031\u65e5\u95dc\u9589\u7684\u6cd5\u4f8b\u800c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u722d\u8b70\u3002\u5c0d\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u662f\u5076\u723e\u7684\u5893\u5730\u6c61\u67d3\u548c\u8857\u982d\u6230\u9b25\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u7684\u3002\r\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6cd5\u570b\u5c0d\u7336\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u8207\u6703\u8aaa\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8d85\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5718\u9ad4\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f86<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/catholicism\/\">\u81ea\u6b50<\/a>\u6d32\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u79fb\u6c11\u662f\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u670d\u5f9e\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6cd5\u570b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u76df\u53cb\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u523b\u5370\u8c61\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u4e2d\u6b50\u3001\u6771\u6b50\u548c\u5357\u6b50\u4eba\u548c\u4e9e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u8fb2\u6c11\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u5b83\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u662f\u8ca7\u7aae\uff0c\u7121\u8b80\u6587\uff0c\u75c5\u75c5\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u9b06\u8edf\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u8150\u6557\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7f3a\u4e4f\u529b\u3002\r\n\u4e2d\u6b50\u4eba\u548c\u5357\u6b50\u4eba\u7684\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u98f2\u9152\u3001\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u50be\u5411<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/crime\/\">\uff0c<\/a>\u800c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5c0d\u6bd2\u54c1\u3001\u8ced\u535a\u548c\u767d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/gambling\/\">\u4eba<\/a>\u5a66\u5973\u7684\u50be\u5411\u662f\u4e3b\u5c0e\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u548c\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u5728 1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u524d\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u6c11\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u6230\u671f\u8feb\u5bb3 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u6b67\u8996\u662f\u5c0e\u81f4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8077\u696d\u548c\u6536\u5165<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/vertical-mosaic\/\">\u5782\u76f4<\/a>\u62fc\u63a5\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u88d4\u4eba\u58eb\u4f4d\u65bc\u9802\u5c16\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u570b\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\r\n\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/elites\/\">\u975e\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u975e\u6cd5\u570b\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u529b\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u9032\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/public-service\/\">\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9<\/a>\u4e2d\u5c64\uff08\u898b\u7cbe\u82f1\uff09\u3002<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u5c0d\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u504f\u898b\u548c\u6b67\u8996\u7a0b\u5ea6\u50c5\u5728\u6230\u722d\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u671f\u9593\u624d\u9054\u5230\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/nationalism\/\">\u76f8<\/a>\u4f3c\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\r\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/first-world-war-wwi\/\">\u754c\u5927\u6230\u671f\u9593<\/a>\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/german-canadians\/\">\u4f86\u81ea<\/a>\u5967\u5308\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u662f\u504f\u898b\u548c\u8feb\u5bb3\r\n\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u300c\u6575\u4eba\u5916\u661f\u4eba\u300d\u88ab\u89e3\u50f1\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u8b66\u65b9\u76e3\u8996\u6216\u5728\u56da<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/internment\/\">\u7981\u71df\u3002<\/a>\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u6821\r\n\u548c\u5176\u8a31\u591a\u6559\u5802\u90fd\u88ab\u95dc\u9589\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5831\u7d19\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u5be9\u67e5\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9010\u6f38\u6291\u5236\uff1b\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u66b4\u4e82\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u5e73\u6c11\u8972\u64ca\u4e86\u5fb7\u570b\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\u548c\u5fb7\u570b\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u5834\u6240\u3002\u8a8d\u70ba\u5fe0\u8aa0\u5ea6\u548c\u6587\u5316\r\n\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u7d71\u4e00\u662f\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5c0d\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5b97\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u4e5f\u52a0\u5287\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u7d42\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86 1919 \u5e74\u7684\u7406\u4e8b\u6703\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5728 1920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u64a4\u92b7\uff09\uff0c\u8a72\u547d\u4ee4\u7279\u5225\u7981\u6b62\u9019\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u9032\u5165\u8a72\u570b\u3002\u5f9e 1919 \u5e74\u5230 1953 \u5e74\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d\r\n\u7684\u675c\u79d1\u535a\u723e\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u6295\u7968\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9019\u9805\u7981\u4ee4\u5f9e 1934 \u5e74\u5230 1955 \u5e74\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u806f\u90a6\u7d1a\u5225\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u9000\u4f0d\u8ecd\u4eba\u7684\u56de\u6b78\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u4f7f\u5c0d\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6d3e\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u9ad8\u5cf0\uff0c\u4e26\u4fc3\u4f7f\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u6fc0\r\n\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5c0d\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u751f\u547d\u5a01\u8105\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u300c\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u8fb2\u6c11\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8005\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u5230 1920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u4e2d\u6b50\u3001\u5357\u6b50\u548c\u6771\u6b50\u79fb\u6c11\u88ab\u6b63\u5f0f\u5206\u70ba\u300c\u975e\u9996\u9078\u300d\u548c\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u985e\u5225\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728 1920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u61c9\u5c0d\u516c\u773e\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u653e\u5bec\u5c0d\u6b50\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\r\n\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4fc3\u9032\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728 1920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5141\u8a31\u8d85\u904e 185,000 \u591a\u540d\u4e2d\u6b50\u548c\u6771\u6b50\u4eba\u548c\u9580\u8afe\u4eba\u9032<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/mennonites\/\">\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u4f5c<\/a>\u70ba\u8fb2\u6c11\uff0c\u8fb2\u696d\u52de\u5de5\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u53cd\u61c9 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u9019\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6d6a\u6f6e\u91cd\u65b0\u559a\u9192\u4e86\u504f\u898b\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ku-klux-klan\/\">Ku Klux Klan\uff08KKK\uff09\uff0c<\/a>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5152\u5b50\u548c\u6a59\u8272\u79e9\u5e8f\u7b49\u7d44\u7e54\u6279\u8a55\u65b0\u79fb<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/orange-order\/\">\u6c11\u4f5c\u70ba<\/a>\u5c0d\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u300c\u5b89\u683c\u9b6f\u85a9\u514b\u905c\u300d\u6027\u683c\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f KKK\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u5c0d\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u90e8\u843d\u5728 1920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u958b\u59cb\u5728\u8499\u7279\u5229\u723e\uff0c\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u7701\uff0c\u5351\u8a69\u7701\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/manitoba\/\">\u99ac\u5c3c\u6258\u5df4<\/a>\u7d44\u7e54\u30021920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u85a9\u65af\u5580\u5fb9\u6eab\u7701\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u4eba\u6578\u9054\u5230\u4e86 20,000\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/protestantism\/\">\u90e8\u843d\u7d44\u7e54\u62b5\u5236\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5546\u4eba\r\n\uff0c\u6050\u61fc\u770b\u4f3c\u540c\u60c5\u6cd5\u570b\u6216\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u806f\u90a6\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5b78\u6821\uff0c\u4e26\u8a66\u5716\u9632\u6b62\u8de8\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559-\u65b0\u6559\u5a5a\u59fb\u3002<\/a>\u90e8\u843d\u5728\u85a9\u65af\u5580\u5fb9\u6eab\u64c1\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u9ee8\u5728 1929 \u5e74\u7701\u9078\u4e2d\u64ca\u6557\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u9ee8\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u5728 1930 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u504f\u898b\u548c\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u56fa\u5b9a\u3002\u975e\u5b89\u683c\u6d1b\u85a9\u514b\u68ee\u4eba\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u5011\u652f\u6301\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u898b\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\uff09\u548c\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7b49<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/communist-party-of-canada\/\">\u6fc0\u9032\u653f\u6cbb<\/a>\u904b\r\n\u52d5\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/fascism\/\">\u9019\u53cd<\/a>\u904e\u4f86\u52a0\u5f37\u4e86\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u30021930 \u5e74\u81f3 1935 \u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u7e3d\u7406 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/richard-bedford-viscount-bennett\/\">R.B. Bennett \u4f7f\u7528\u9a45<\/a>\u9010\u4f5c\u963b\u6b62\u5c0d\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u5927\u8870\u9000\u671f\u9593\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u897f\u90e8\u548c\u5b89<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/great-depression\/\">\u5927<\/a>\u7565\u7701\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u885d\u7a81\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u975e\u5b89\u683c\u6d1b\u85a9\u514b\u905c\u7684\r\n\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u5c0d\u6297\u4e00\u540d\u82f1\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a66\u5716\u7834\u58de\u52de\u5de5\u5718\u7d50\uff0c\u4e26\u5f37\u8abf\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5916\u570b\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/winnipeg\/\">\u5728 1930 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u4f4f\u5b85\u9650\u5236\u3001\u5927\u5b78\u5c08\u696d\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u540d\u984d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f9e\u8499\u7279\u5229\u723e\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/toronto\/\">\u591a\u502b\u591a<\/a>\u548c\u6eab\u5c3c\u4f2f\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u793e\u6703\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\u3001\u6d77\u7058\u548c\u5ea6\u5047\u52dd\u5730\u6392\u9664\u3002<\/a>\u53cd\u7336\u592a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u907f\u958b\u6b50\u6d32\u7d0d\u7cb9\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c0d\u7336\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u95dc\u9589\r\n\u4e86\u5927\u9580\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u548c\u610f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/italian-canadians\/\">\u5927\u5229\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u548c\u5e73\u6d3e\u6d3e\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u4e5f\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u6575\u610f\u3002\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d\u7684\u9109\u6751\uff0c\u5728 1920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u548c 1930 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5927\u773e\r\n\u5c0d\u675c\u79d1\u535a\u723e\u4eba\u7684\u504f\u898b\u53d7\u6230\u6642\u671f\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u52a0\u5f37\u4e86\u30021942 \u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u723e\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u9805\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u5411\u8d6b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/hutterites\/\">\u7279\u91cc\u7279\u4eba\u92b7\u552e\u6240\u6709\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4e26\r\n\u5728 1947 \u5e74\u81f3 1972 \u5e74\u963f\u723e\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u6cd5\u4f8b\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u80e1<\/a>\u7279\u5229\u7279\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u8a72\u7701\u7684\u5730\u5340\u57df\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u524d\u548c\u671f\u9593\u5c0d\u65e5\u672c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u6301\u7e8c\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u548c\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d\u3002\u516c\u5143 1937-38 \u5e74\u30011940 \u5e74\u548c 1941-42 \u5e74\u7684\u53cd\u65e5\u60c5\u7dd2\u6ce2\u6d6a\u6e67\u5411\u524d\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5c0d\u73cd\u73e0\u6e2f\u7684\u8972\u64ca\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u5c0d\u65e5\u672c\u52a0\r\n\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u6575\u610f\u30021942 \u5e74 2 \u6708\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u758f\u6563\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6d77\u5cb8\u5730\u5340\u3002\u7d04 22,000 \u540d\u65e5\u672c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u642c\u5230 BC \u5167\u90e8\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7701\u4efd\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u4ed6\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9047\r\n\u5230\u7a2e\u65cf\u504f\u898b\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u51fa\u552e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u6230\u722d\u7d50\u675f\u6642\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u5230 1945 \u5e74\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u9084\u9f13\u52f5\u65e5\u672c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5c0b\u6c42\u81ea\u9858\u9a45\u9010\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u6230\u5f8c\u9019\u4e9b\u9a45\u9010\u8a08\u5283\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9032\u884c\u3002\r\n\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u6700\u7d42\u65bc\u5728 1947 \u5e74\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u89e3\u9664\u9a45\u9010\u4ee4\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u8ca1\u7522\u640d\u5931\u8ce0\u511f\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc 1949 \u5e74\u7d42\u6b62\u963b\u6b62\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u8fd4\u56de\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\r\n\uff08\u898b\u516c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/civil-liberties\/\">\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/a>\uff09\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u548c\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u767c\u5c55\u4e5f\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u504f\u898b\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/ukrainian-canadians\/\">\u70cf\u514b\u862d<\/a>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u6230\u722d\u52aa\u529b\r\n\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8d0f\u5f97\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5c0a\u656c\u3002\u793e\u6703\u5404\u5c64\u6b21\u53c3\u8207\u6230\u671f\u7522\u696d\uff0c\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u969c\u7919\u3002\u5c0d\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u7d0d\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u6700\u7d42\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u53cd\u5c0d\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5c0d\u512a\u8d8a\u7a2e\u65cf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cd\u5c0d\u53cd\u7336\u592a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u516c\r\n\u773e\u8868\u9054\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u65bc 1944 \u5e74\u7c3d\u7f72<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/united-nations\/\">\u806f\u5408\u570b<\/a>\u61b2\u7ae0\u548c 1948 \u5e74\u7c3d\u7f72\u300a\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e16\u754c\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u4f7f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u653f\u7b56\u6210\u70ba\u660e\u986f\u7126\u9ede\u3002\u5728\u4e9e\u6d32\r\n\u5718\u9ad4\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u904a\u8aaa\u548c\u5e02\u6c11\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e9e\u6d32\u4eba\u6700\u7d42\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7372\u5f97\u6295\u7968\uff081947 \u5e74\u5357\u4e9e\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\uff0c1949 \u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u548c\u5357\u4e9e\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\u88ab\u5ee2\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u53ea\u6709\u73fe\u6709\u52a0\u62ff\r\n\u5927\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u5b50\u5973\u624d\u6709\u8cc7\u683c\u9032\u884c\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3> \u907a\u7522 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n1945 \u5e74\u5f8c\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4ecd\u7136\u504f\u5411\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u653f\u5e9c\u5141\u8a31\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f86\u81ea\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u548c\u932b\u862d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6578\u91cf\uff081951 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u3002\r\n\u53ef\u80fd\u662f 1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u548c 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5c0d\u79fb\u6c11\u65b0\u7684\u5bec\u5bb9\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u901a\u904e\u7701\u4efd\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/human-rights\/\">\u4eba\u6b0a<\/a>\u6cd5<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-bill-of-rights\/\">\u6848\u548c\u6cd5\u4f8b\u3001\r\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u806f\u90a6\u6b0a\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\uff081960 \u5e74\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u6b0a<\/a>\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u6210\u7acb \u2014\u2014 \u662f\u82f1\u683c\u9b6f\u85a9\u514b\u905c\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\u6027\u7684\u4fb5\u8755\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\r\n\u70ba\u5c0d\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u570b\u7684\u8870\u9000\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u570b\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6210\u9577\u30021950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u548c 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7e41\u69ae\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\r\n\u975e\u5b89\u683c\u6d1b\u85a9\u514b\u905c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u5411\u4e0a\u3002\u5b83\u9084\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u524a\u5f31\u968e\u7d1a\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e4b\u9593\u76f8\u7576\u525b\u6027\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u96d9\u8a9e\u548c\u96d9\u6587\u5316<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/royal-commission-on-bilingualism-and-biculturalism\/\">\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/a> 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u9805\u66f4\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u79fb<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/immigration-policy\/\">\u6c11\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5f9e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6b50\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e9e\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u6d41\u5165\u30021971 \u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u7d04\u6709 95\uff05 \u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u53e3\r\n\u5305\u62ec\u6b50\u6d32\u907a\u7522\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u627e\u5230\u8d85\u904e 5% \u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u975e\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u53ea\u6709 25 \u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c1996 \u5e74\uff0c\u975e\u6b50\u6d32\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u53ef\u898b\u5c11\u6578\u6c11<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u589e<\/a>\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u500d\uff0c\u9054\u5230 11%\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h3>\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9ad4\u9a57 <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n19 \u4e16\u7d00\u548c 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u8207\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u7fa4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u9ad4\u73fe\u5728\u689d\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/aboriginal-treaties\/\">\u7d04<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/indian-act\/\"><em>\u5370\u5ea6\u6cd5<\/em><\/a>\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u653f\u5e9c\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u7d50\u675f\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u4e3b\u7fa9\r\n\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u4f5c\u70ba\u76ae\u8349\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u8ecd\u4e8b\u76df\u53cb\u6216\u5408\u4f5c\u5925\u4f34\u5728\u806f\u76df\u524d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u9010\u6f38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u5012\u9000\u969c\u7919\u77f3\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/christianity\/\">\u653f\u5e9c\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u9694\u96e2<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-reserves\/\">\u5728<\/a>\u4fdd\u8b77\u5340\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u8207\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u6d3e\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u901a\u904e\u5f15\u5165\u6b50\u6d32\u8fb2\u696d\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f86\u540c\u5316\u5b83\u5011\u3002<\/a>\u5118\u7ba1\r\n\u8a31\u591a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5152\u7ae5\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u52a9\u7684\u6559\u6703\u7d93\u71df\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/residential-schools\/\">\u4f4f\u5bbf\u5b78\u6821<\/a>\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u6578\u5343\u540d\u4e5f\u906d\u53d7\u8650\u5f85\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u662f\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u6027\u8650\u5f85\uff0c\r\n\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u4e2d\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5316\u3002\u8207\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5fc5\u9808\u6d88<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-languages\/\">\u9664\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8a9e\u8a00<\/a>\u548c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5fc5\r\n\u9808\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u540c\u5316\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u512a\u8d8a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indian\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/missions-and-missionaries\/\">\u4ee4\u653f\u5e9c\u5370\u5ea6\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u548c\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u611f\u5230\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\r\n\u5076\u723e\u88ab\u9f13\u52f5\u5728\u8a2a\u554f\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4eba\u58eb\u6216\u7576\u5730\u7684\u535a\u89bd\u6703\u4e0a\u5c55\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u5c55\u89bd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u53e4\u6a38\u907a\u8de1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u767c\u5c55\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/a><\/a>\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\r\n\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u62db\u52df\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u9f13\u52f5\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e2d\u7684\u6230\u58eb\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u5b83\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u8a66\u5716\u58d3\u5236\uff08\u898b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11<em>\u548c\u4e16<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-peoples-and-the-world-wars\/\">\u754c\u5927\u6230\uff09\u3002<\/a>\r\n\u9019\u5728\u6230\u722d\u7d50\u675f\u6642\u8fc5\u901f\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u806f\u90a6\u7576\u5c40\u9810\u8a08\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9000\u4f0d\u8ecd\u4eba\u5c07\u6062\u5fa9\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u6230\u524d\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/indigenous-suffrage\/\">\u8207\u5927\u591a\u6578\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u539f\r\n\u4f4f\u6c11\u7121\u6cd5\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u88ab\u964d\u81f3\u7d93\u6fdf\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u4e0b\u968e\u5c64\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u6b67\u8996\uff08\u898b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6295\u7968\u6b0a\uff09\u3002<\/a><\/em>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u5728\u6230\u722d\u9593\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u516c\u773e\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9ede\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7121\u529b\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7d93\u6fdf\u7af6\u722d\u548c\u5730\u7406\u5b64\u7acb\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u5011\u7f3a\u4e4f\u516c\u773e\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u8207\u4e9e\u6d32\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\r\n\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u986f\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f9e\u8a72\u570b\u6392\u9664\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u6642\u671f\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u65b0\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e26\u8207\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0d\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u975e\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u975e\u6cd5\u570b\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5316\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9010\u6f38\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u66f4\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-people-political-organization-and-activism\/\">\u6709\u7d44\u7e54<\/a>\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u767c\u8a00\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u6311\u6230\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e8c\u7d1a\u5730\u4f4d\u30021960 \u5e74\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/john-diefenbaker\/\">\u8fea\u82ac\u8c9d\u514b\u653f\u5e9c\u7d42\u6b62\u4e86<\/a>\u963b\u6b62\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9032\u884c\u806f\u90a6\u6295\u7968\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u516c\u773e\u5c0d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u654f\u611f\u3002\u540c\u5316\u8a08\u5283\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u8072\u8b7d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u59cb\u70ba\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\r\n\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u63d0\u9ad8\u7956\u5148\u3001\u793e\u6703\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u9a55\u50b2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u8f49\u6298\u9ede\u662f\u5c0d\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c \r\n 1969 \u5e74\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/white-paper\/\">\u767d\u76ae\u66f8\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u5c0d<\/a>\uff0c\u8a72\u767d\u76ae\u66f8\u5efa\u8b70\u7d42\u6b62\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u56de\u61c9\u9019\u7a2e\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u5176\u540c\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u7b56\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u5728 1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u642c\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u9910\u5ef3\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u5171\u8a2d\u65bd\u65b9\u9762\u4ecd\u9047\u5230\u504f\u898b\u548c\u6b67\u8996\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u6b0a\u6cd5\u4f8b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u8868\u793a\u5e0c\r\n\u671b\u5c0d\u5f85\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u571f\u5730\u7d22\u511f\u548c\u65b0\u61b2\u6cd5\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u9577<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/land-claims\/\">\u6642\u9593\u7684<\/a>\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u516c\u773e\u5c0d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8072\u7a31\u7684\r\n\u652f\u6301\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4ecd\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u53d7\u6b77\u53f2\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4ecd\u9047\u5230\u504f\u898b\u548c\u6b67\u8996\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nunavut\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/gwichin\/\">\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u76f8\u7576\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8b9a\u8b7d\uff0c\u806f\u90a6<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/truth-and-reconciliation-commission\/\">\u771f\u7406\u548c\u89e3\u59d4<\/a>\u54e1\u6703\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u7cfe\u6b63\u4f4f\u5bbf\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11-\u5305\u62ec\u52aa\u7d0d\u6b66\u7279\u7684\u4f0a\u52aa<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/inuit\/\">\u4f0a<\/a>\u7279\u4eba\u3001\r\n\u5351\u8a69\u7701\u5c3c\u65af\u52a0\u963f\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/nisgaa\/\">\u897f<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/northwest-territories\/\">\u5317<\/a>\u9818\u5730\u7684\u5409\u6b3d-\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u570b\u5bb6\u5167\u4eab\u6709<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-self-government\/\">\u81ea<\/a>\u6cbb\u548c\u9818\u571f\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u3002<\/a><\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<blockquote><p>\r\n<iframe sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-popups\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"185\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.radiopublic.com\/e?if=the-secret-life-of-canada-Ww0QnZ&amp;ge=s1!c5e85b6b1ca74ec97c36fd6d608704fc34d10cd3\">\r\n<\/iframe><br>\r\n<\/p><p> <\/p>\u8a31\u591a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6709\u807d\u8aaa\u904e Madhu Verma\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u8fd1\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5df2\u7d93\u5927\u5927\u5730\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u5317\u5361\u7f85\u4f86\u7d0d\u5dde\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u9813\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6771\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u7576\u524d\u666f\u89c0\u3002<span style=\"font-family: \" gotham=\"\" ssm=\"\" a\",=\"\" \"gotham=\"\" b\",=\"\" \"helvetica=\"\" neue\",=\"\" arial,=\"\" sans-serif;=\"\" font-size:=\"\" 15px;\"=\"\"><\/span><p><b>\u6ce8\u610f<\/b><i>\uff1a<i>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u751f\u6d3b\u7531\u6cd5\u502b<\/i>\u00b7\u7d04\u7ff0\u905c\u548c\u8389\u4e9e\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u9b91\u6069\u4e3b\u6301\u548c\u64b0\u5beb\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u7368\u7acb\u7684 CBC \u539f\u5275\u64ad\u5ba2\u3002<\/i> <\/p>\r\n <p><\/p><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n<h3> \u591a\u6a23\u6027\u9084\u662f\u7194\u7210\uff1f <\/h3>\r\n<p>\r\n\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u6703\u5982\u4f55\u5c0d\u5f85\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u65bc\u5c0d\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u6216\u79fb\u6c11\u61c9\u8a72\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002\u540c\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5e0c\u671b\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u878d\u5165\u6587\u5316\u7684\u300c\u7194\u7210\u300d\u4e2d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5c07\u5206\u5316\u8996\r\n\u70ba\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u6210\u54e1\u5c07\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u591a\u5143\u5316\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u7a2e\u65cf\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6b0a\u5229\u6700\u521d\u5df2\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u5169\u500b\r\n\u5275\u59cb\u4eba\u6c11\uff08\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u6cd5\u570b\uff09\u3002\u5230 1982 \u5e74\uff0c\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/article\/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms\/\">\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b<\/a>\u4e5f\u5c07\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n1991 \u5e74\uff0c\u5b89\u683c\u65af\u00b7\u91cc\u5fb7\u6295\u7968\u7d44\u7e54\u8a62\u554f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5728\u4f55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u559c\u6b61\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u652f\u6301\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u548c\u78ba\u4fdd\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u8b66\u65b9\u6539\u5584\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4e26\u5e6b\u52a9\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u7372\u5f97\u878d\u5165\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u7531<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/statistics-canada\/\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7d71\u8a08\u5c40\u9032\u884c\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u8abf\u67e5\uff082003\uff09\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a>\u4eba\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u64da\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c93\uff05 \u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5f9e\u672a\uff0c\u6216\r\n\u5f88\u5c11\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u7279\u5fb5\u800c\u906d\u53d7\u6b67\u8996\u6216\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5831\u544a\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5c11<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/minorite-visible\">\u6578\u65cf\u88d4<\/a>\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\r\n\u79fb\u6c11\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u3002\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\u81ea 2000 \u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4e5f\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u95dc\u65bc\u6027\u50be\u5411\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u7a2e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/aboriginal-rights\/\">\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001<\/a>\u4eba\u6b0a\u3001\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6b0a\u5229\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728 \r\n 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6b50\u6d32\u767d\u4eba\u88d4\u7684\u4eba\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u622a\u81f3\u4e8c\u96f6\u96f6\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5df2\u589e\u52a0\u81f3 13.4%\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8c\u96f6\u96f6\u516d\u5e74\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u4f54\u5168\u6e2f\u4eba\u53e3\u7684 16.2%\u30022011 \u5e74\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\r\n\u4f4f\u6236\u8abf\u67e5\u986f\u793a\uff0c19\uff05 \u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u662f\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\uff0c\u9810\u8a08\u5230 2031 \u5e74\uff0c\u7d04 14.4 \u842c\u4eba\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u3002\r\n<\/p>","slug":"","alt_slug":"","twitter_summary":null,"locale":"zh-TW","automated":true,"hidden":0,"views":2,"created_at":"2025-01-15T19:59:09.000000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-15T19:59:09.000000Z"}]},{"id":"26","curated_by":"Maude-Emmanuelle Lambert","status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2015-09-23T14:50:57.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-03-15T18:16:19.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"Immigration et les communaut\u00e9s du Canada","slug":"immigration-et-les-communautes-du-canada","overview":"<p>\r\n\t Le Canada est une nation issue de l\u2019immigration et tiss\u00e9e d\u2019une multitude de communaut\u00e9s. De la colonisation europ\u00e9enne du territoire autochtone \u00e0 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e r\u00e9cente des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019origine syrienne, les r\u00e8glements et les lois qui encadrent l\u2019immigration au pays ont longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 empreints de discrimination. En contrepartie, les Canadiens ont su faire preuve d\u2019humanit\u00e9 en accueillant bras ouverts plusieurs centaines de milliers de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au cours de leur histoire. Des communaut\u00e9s de culture, de religion et de langue diverses se sont donc \u00e9tablies au pays et int\u00e9gr\u00e9es \u2012 certaines avec facilit\u00e9, d\u2019autres avec plus de difficult\u00e9 \u2012 \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne. Par le biais d\u2019articles, d\u2019\u00e9ditoriaux, d\u2019expositions et de lignes du temps, cette collection propose d\u2019explorer cette diversit\u00e9 qui colore la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Image ci-dessus: Quartier chinois de Vancouver, vers 1955. \u00a9 Rolly Ford\/Heritage Vancouver.\r\n<\/p>","pivot":{"model_id":"72064","relatable_id":"26","relatable_type":"App\\Models\\Collection","position":1},"translations":[{"id":"c222dab0-15db-4c2d-b3ba-34943ffa439c","collection_id":"26","title":"Immigration and the Communities of Canada","overview":"<p>\r\n\t Canada has its roots in immigration and remains a nation formed of many different communities. From European colonization of Aboriginal territory to the recent arrival of refugees from Syria, the laws and regulations governing immigration to Canada have long been marked by discrimination. On the other hand, Canadians have shown their humanity by welcoming several hundred thousand refugees with open arms over the course of the country\u2019s history. As a result, diverse cultural, religious and linguistic communities have established themselves here and integrated into Canadian society \u2014 some with relative ease, others with greater difficulty. Through articles, features, exhibits and timelines, this collection explores the diversity that defines Canadian society today.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Image below: Vancouver's Chinatown, ca. 1955. \u00a9 Rolly Ford\/Heritage Vancouver.\r\n<\/p>","slug":"immigration-and-communities-in-canada","locale":"en"},{"id":"6b81903c-eac7-42d5-b573-30381a7b1604","collection_id":"26","title":"Immigration et les communaut\u00e9s du Canada","overview":"<p>\r\n\t Le Canada est une nation issue de l\u2019immigration et tiss\u00e9e d\u2019une multitude de communaut\u00e9s. De la colonisation europ\u00e9enne du territoire autochtone \u00e0 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e r\u00e9cente des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019origine syrienne, les r\u00e8glements et les lois qui encadrent l\u2019immigration au pays ont longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 empreints de discrimination. En contrepartie, les Canadiens ont su faire preuve d\u2019humanit\u00e9 en accueillant bras ouverts plusieurs centaines de milliers de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au cours de leur histoire. Des communaut\u00e9s de culture, de religion et de langue diverses se sont donc \u00e9tablies au pays et int\u00e9gr\u00e9es \u2012 certaines avec facilit\u00e9, d\u2019autres avec plus de difficult\u00e9 \u2012 \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne. Par le biais d\u2019articles, d\u2019\u00e9ditoriaux, d\u2019expositions et de lignes du temps, cette collection propose d\u2019explorer cette diversit\u00e9 qui colore la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Image ci-dessus: Quartier chinois de Vancouver, vers 1955. \u00a9 Rolly Ford\/Heritage Vancouver.\r\n<\/p>","slug":"immigration-et-les-communautes-du-canada","locale":"fr"}]},{"id":"41","zoom_level":"century","status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2015-03-26T14:02:53.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-05-03T15:02:34.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"Immigration","body":"Les mouvements de populations qui quittent leur pays d'origine pour s'\u00e9tablir ailleurs est un aspect essentiel de l'histoire du Canada. Cette chronologie retrace les mouvements migratoires qui ont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 notre pays.","slug":"immigration","pivot":{"model_id":"72064","relatable_id":"41","relatable_type":"App\\Models\\Timeline","position":1},"translations":[{"id":"363212f0-08b1-42af-bac3-ab69b011f56c","timeline_id":"41","title":"Immigration","body":"The movement of nationals of one country into another for the purpose of resettlement is central to Canadian history. This timeline charts significant migrations that have shaped our nation.","slug":"immigration","locale":"en"},{"id":"c898528c-a343-4af8-b750-ed8373d8ae6f","timeline_id":"41","title":"Immigration","body":"Les mouvements de populations qui quittent leur pays d'origine pour s'\u00e9tablir ailleurs est un aspect essentiel de l'histoire du Canada. Cette chronologie retrace les mouvements migratoires qui ont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 notre pays.","slug":"immigration","locale":"fr"}]}],"associated_collections":[{"id":"26","curated_by":"Maude-Emmanuelle Lambert","status":"published","schedule_from":null,"schedule_until":null,"created_at":"2015-09-23T14:50:57.000000Z","updated_at":"2018-03-15T18:16:19.000000Z","deleted_at":null,"title":"Immigration et les communaut\u00e9s du Canada","slug":"immigration-et-les-communautes-du-canada","overview":"<p>\r\n\t Le Canada est une nation issue de l\u2019immigration et tiss\u00e9e d\u2019une multitude de communaut\u00e9s. De la colonisation europ\u00e9enne du territoire autochtone \u00e0 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e r\u00e9cente des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019origine syrienne, les r\u00e8glements et les lois qui encadrent l\u2019immigration au pays ont longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 empreints de discrimination. En contrepartie, les Canadiens ont su faire preuve d\u2019humanit\u00e9 en accueillant bras ouverts plusieurs centaines de milliers de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au cours de leur histoire. Des communaut\u00e9s de culture, de religion et de langue diverses se sont donc \u00e9tablies au pays et int\u00e9gr\u00e9es \u2012 certaines avec facilit\u00e9, d\u2019autres avec plus de difficult\u00e9 \u2012 \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne. Par le biais d\u2019articles, d\u2019\u00e9ditoriaux, d\u2019expositions et de lignes du temps, cette collection propose d\u2019explorer cette diversit\u00e9 qui colore la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Image ci-dessus: Quartier chinois de Vancouver, vers 1955. \u00a9 Rolly Ford\/Heritage Vancouver.\r\n<\/p>","pivot":{"model_id":"72064","relatable_id":"26","relatable_type":"App\\Models\\Collection","position":1},"translations":[{"id":"c222dab0-15db-4c2d-b3ba-34943ffa439c","collection_id":"26","title":"Immigration and the Communities of Canada","overview":"<p>\r\n\t Canada has its roots in immigration and remains a nation formed of many different communities. From European colonization of Aboriginal territory to the recent arrival of refugees from Syria, the laws and regulations governing immigration to Canada have long been marked by discrimination. On the other hand, Canadians have shown their humanity by welcoming several hundred thousand refugees with open arms over the course of the country\u2019s history. As a result, diverse cultural, religious and linguistic communities have established themselves here and integrated into Canadian society \u2014 some with relative ease, others with greater difficulty. Through articles, features, exhibits and timelines, this collection explores the diversity that defines Canadian society today.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Image below: Vancouver's Chinatown, ca. 1955. \u00a9 Rolly Ford\/Heritage Vancouver.\r\n<\/p>","slug":"immigration-and-communities-in-canada","locale":"en"},{"id":"6b81903c-eac7-42d5-b573-30381a7b1604","collection_id":"26","title":"Immigration et les communaut\u00e9s du Canada","overview":"<p>\r\n\t Le Canada est une nation issue de l\u2019immigration et tiss\u00e9e d\u2019une multitude de communaut\u00e9s. De la colonisation europ\u00e9enne du territoire autochtone \u00e0 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e r\u00e9cente des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u2019origine syrienne, les r\u00e8glements et les lois qui encadrent l\u2019immigration au pays ont longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 empreints de discrimination. En contrepartie, les Canadiens ont su faire preuve d\u2019humanit\u00e9 en accueillant bras ouverts plusieurs centaines de milliers de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au cours de leur histoire. Des communaut\u00e9s de culture, de religion et de langue diverses se sont donc \u00e9tablies au pays et int\u00e9gr\u00e9es \u2012 certaines avec facilit\u00e9, d\u2019autres avec plus de difficult\u00e9 \u2012 \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne. Par le biais d\u2019articles, d\u2019\u00e9ditoriaux, d\u2019expositions et de lignes du temps, cette collection propose d\u2019explorer cette diversit\u00e9 qui colore la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n\t Image ci-dessus: Quartier chinois de Vancouver, vers 1955. \u00a9 Rolly Ford\/Heritage Vancouver.\r\n<\/p>","slug":"immigration-et-les-communautes-du-canada","locale":"fr"}]}]}" header="Contenu" ></article-sidebar> </div> <div class="main-content"> <input class="js-picture-information" type="hidden" value="[{"filename":"391e5809-9f40-4c80-b58a-37d72f8c1b72","title":"Immigration irlandaise","alt":"Immigration irlandaise","source":"(Avec la permission de Biblioth\u00e8que et Archives Canada\/1990-560-2)","creator":"","caption":""},{"filename":"5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef","title":"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979","alt":"Accueil des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est \u00e0 la base militaire de Griesbach, ao\u00fbt 1979","source":"Avec la permission de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 historique de l\u2019immigration canadienne. Photo: \u00a9 Murray Mosher","creator":"","caption":"La base militaire de Griesbach \u00e0 Edmonton est l\u2019un des nombreux points d\u2019arriv\u00e9e des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est."},{"filename":"b378b182-e598-4c18-9c63-64a15a547a30","title":"Personnel d'immigration, Qu\u00e9bec","alt":"Personnel d'immigration, Qu\u00e9bec","source":"Office national du film. Biblioth\u00e8que et Archives Canada, PA-048694","creator":"","caption":""},{"filename":"de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55","title":"Des immigrants hollandais arrivent \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec","alt":"Des immigrants hollandais arrivent \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec","source":"(photo par George Hunter, Office national du film du Canada. Phototh\u00e8que \/ Biblioth\u00e8que et Archives Canada \/ PA-129828)","creator":"","caption":"Juin 1947"},{"filename":"fd704360-23a5-4333-9dc4-fed52fcc81b8","title":"Quai 21","alt":"Quai 21","source":"42083831 \u00a9 Aleela | Dreamstime.com","creator":"42083831 \u00a9 Aleela | Dreamstime.com","caption":"Mus\u00e9e canadien de l'immigration du Quai 21 \u00e0 Halifax, Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse. Photo prise le : 11 octobre 2013"}]"> <main class="main-grid"> <article class="article main-grid__content"> <input type="hidden" id="isUserLogin" name="loginuser" value=""> <aside id="articlewidgets" class="article-widgets"> <input type="checkbox" class="menu-open" name="menu-open" id="menu-open"/> <label class="widget-open-button" for="menu-open"> <span class="dot--1"></span> <span class="dot--2"></span> <span class="dot--3"></span> </label> <button data-target="popup-citation" data-toggle="modal" class="widget-item articleNavPopupEvent"> <div class="widget-item__icon--citation"></div> <span class="widget-item__title">Citation</span> </button> <button data-toggle="modal" class="widget-item articleNavPopupEvent js-edit-submit"> <div class="widget-item__icon--edit"></div> <span class="widget-item__title">Suggérer une modification</span> </button> <button data-target="popup-translation" data-toggle="modal" class="widget-item articleNavPopupEvent js-translation"> <div class="widget-item__icon--translate"></div> <span class="widget-item__title">Demander une traduction</span> </button> <button id="popup-translation__original" class="widget-item hide-widget"> <div class="widget-item__icon--revert"></div> <span class="widget-item__title">Revenir au français</span> </button> </aside> <div id="popup-translation" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <div role="heading">Demander une traduction</div> <div> <a class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></a> </div> </div> <div class="g-recaptcha" data-sitekey="'6LeIWwglAAAAANriZBXJ8HgScx2u6jGAx0gY0GKm'" data-callback="onSubmit" data-size="invisible"> </div> <div class="popup-body"> <div id="translation-language-picker"> <translation-select recaptcha-site-key="6LeIWwglAAAAANriZBXJ8HgScx2u6jGAx0gY0GKm" slug=politique-dimmigration-1 locale=fr></translation-select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="translation-rating-snackbar"> <translation-rating show-rating=0 slug=politique-dimmigration-1></translation-rating> </div> <div id="popup-edit" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <div>Suggérer une modification</div> <div> <a class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></a> </div> </div> <div class="popup-body"> <div class="contact-form edit-form"> <div class="form-error-list"> <ul></ul> </div> <form method="POST" action="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/submitArticle" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="form form-submit-edit form-main"><input name="_token" type="hidden" value="20NQwOlACBTVskQ6izM655Fdfh5Tn64kXVghyORQ"> <input name="aid" type="hidden" value="72064"> <input name="edit" type="hidden" value="true"> <div class="input-group "> <label for="description">Entrez les modifications suggérées pour cet article dans le champ de formulaire ci-dessous</label> <textarea id="text-editor" class="form-control input input-fullSpan" placeholder="Écrivez votre message ici..." name="description" cols="50" rows="10"></textarea> </div> <div class="btn-container"> <div> <input class="disabled js-submitedit-submit b b-md b-invert" type="submit" value="Envoyer"> </div> <div> <a href="#" data-dismiss="modal" class="js-popup-close b-link">Annuler</a> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="popup-citation" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <div> Citation </div> <div> <a class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></a> </div> </div> <div class="popup-body"> <ul class="list"> <li> <ul class="citation-reference"> <input id="copy1" type="text" value="MLA 8TH édition | Dirks, Gerald E.. 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Article publié février 07, 2006; Dernière modification juin 18, 2024."> <li class="title">CHICAGO 17TH édition</li> <li class="description">Dirks, Gerald E.. "Politique d’immigration au Canada." <em>l'Encyclopédie Canadienne</em>. Historica Canada. Article publié février 07, 2006; Dernière modification juin 18, 2024.</li> <li class="link"><a data-text="Dirks, Gerald E.. "Politique d’immigration au Canada." <em>l'Encyclopédie Canadienne</em>. Historica Canada. Article publié février 07, 2006; Dernière modification juin 18, 2024." href="#" class="js-copy-clipboard b b-md b-invert b-modal-copy">Copier</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <ul class="citation-reference"> <input id="copy4" type="text" value="TURABIAN 8TH édition | <em>l'Encyclopédie Canadienne</em>, s.v. "Politique d’immigration au Canada," par Gerald E. Dirks, Date consulté: février 17, 2025, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/politique-dimmigration-1"> <li class="title">TURABIAN 8TH édition</li> <li class="description"><em>l'Encyclopédie Canadienne</em>, s.v. "Politique d’immigration au Canada," par Gerald E. Dirks, Date consulté: février 17, 2025, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/politique-dimmigration-1</li> <li class="link"><a data-text="<em>l'Encyclopédie Canadienne</em>, s.v. "Politique d’immigration au Canada," par Gerald E. 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Dirks</a> </span> </p> <p class="info-text">Mis à jour par <span class="info-text__value"> Richard Foot; Clayton Ma </span> </p> </div> <div class="article-info__column--dates"> <p class="info-text">Date de publication en ligne <span class="info-text__value--date"> le 7 février 2006 </span> </p> <p class="info-text">Dernière modification <span class="info-text__value--date"> le 18 juin 2024 </span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="article-toolbar"> <button data-target="popup-share" data-toggle="modal" class="article-toolbar__item articleNavPopupEvent"> <div class="article-toolbar__item__icon--share"></div> <span class="article-toolbar__item__title">Partager</span> </button> <button id="js-print" class="article-toolbar__item"> <div class="article-toolbar__item__icon--print"></div> <span class="article-toolbar__item__title">Imprimer</span> </button> </div> <div class="article-content"> <div class="article-content__summary"> <p>La politique d’immigration est la façon dont le gouvernement contrôle, par des lois et des règlements, qui peut venir s’installer au Canada. Depuis la Confédération, la politique d’immigration a été conçue pour accroître la population, coloniser le pays et fournir de la main-d’œuvre et du capital financier à l’économie. La politique d’immigration a également tendance à refléter les attitudes raciales ou les préoccupations de sécurité nationale de l’époque, ce qui a également conduit à des restrictions discriminatoires à l’égard de certains groupes de migrants. (<em>Voir aussi</em> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/politique-canadienne-sur-les-refugies">Politique canadienne sur les réfugiés</a>.)</p> <p>(Ceci est l'article intégral sur la politique d'immigration au Canada. Si vous souhaitez lire un résumé en langage simple, veuillez consulter <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/politique-d-immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple">Politique d'immigration au Canada (résumé en langage simple)</a>.)</p> </div> <div class="article-content-body"> <div id="article-content-def"> <div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/de0c0ce7-4ef7-499c-948e-5c1584de6f55.jpg" title="Des immigrants hollandais arrivent à Québec" alt="Des immigrants hollandais arrivent à Québec"> </div> <h3>Les facteurs qui sous-tendent la politique d’immigration</h3> <p>Historiquement, la politique d’immigration au Canada est principalement motivée par un désir de croissance démographique et de développement économique. Toutefois, le Canada admet également de nombreux <a href="https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/refugees">réfugiés</a> pour des raisons humanitaires.</p> <p>En 1870, juste après la <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/confederation/">Confédération</a>, la population totale du Canada est de 3,6 millions d’habitants. Outre les <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/aboriginal-people/">peuples autochtones</a> (environ 102 000 en 1870), les deux plus grands groupes de colons blancs sont les Canadiens français (1 million) et les Britanniques (2,1 millions). Avec une population aussi peu nombreuse et de vastes étendues de territoire non colonisé, l’<a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/immigration/">immigration</a> est considérée, dans les décennies qui suivent la Confédération, comme un moyen essentiel de développer le pays et son économie.</p> <p>Au cours du siècle et demi suivant, la population du Canada se multiplie, pour atteindre plus de 35 millions d’habitants en 2016, en grande partie grâce à l’immigration. Au cours des dernières décennies, alors que le taux de natalité du Canada a diminué, l’immigration représente la majeure partie de la croissance démographique. Sur les 6 millions d’habitants qui s’ajoutent à la population du Canada entre 1996 et 2016, les deux tiers (4 millions de personnes) – sont des immigrants. (<em>Voir aussi</em> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/immigration-policy/">Immigration au Canada</a>.)</p> <h3>Qui est responsable de l’immigration?</h3> <p>Plusieurs ministères ou agences du <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/federal-government/">gouvernement fédéral</a> ont été responsables de la politique d’immigration depuis la <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/second-world-war-wwii/">Deuxième Guerre mondiale</a> : le ministère des Mines et des Ressources (1936-1949), le ministère de la Citoyenneté et de l’Immigration (1950-1966, 1992-2016), le ministère de la Main-d’œuvre et de l’Immigration (1966-1977) et la Commission de l’emploi et de l’immigration du Canada (1977-1992). Depuis 2016, l’immigration est principalement sous la responsabilité du ministère de l’Immigration, des Réfugiés et de la Citoyenneté (IRCC).</p> <p>En vertu de l’<a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/constitution-act-1867/"><em>Acte de l’Amérique du Nord britannique</em></a>, la responsabilité constitutionnelle de l’immigration est répartie entre les gouvernements <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/provincial-government/">provinciaux</a> et fédéral. Cependant, pendant la plus grande partie de l’histoire du Canada, Ottawa domine ce domaine politique, bien que l’<a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/ontario/">Ontario</a> depuis la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, le <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/quebec/">Québec</a> depuis le milieu des années 1960 et la <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/british-columbia/">Colombie-Britannique</a> depuis 2010, se préoccupent particulièrement de l’immigration. Depuis 2017, toutes les provinces et certains <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/territorial-government/">territoires</a> ont conclu des accords avec Ottawa leur permettant de sélectionner et de recruter des immigrants en fonction de leurs besoins sociaux et économiques. Le Québec est cependant de loin la province qui exerce le plus d’autonomie en matière de politique d’immigration.</p> <div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/b378b182-e598-4c18-9c63-64a15a547a30.jpg" title="Personnel d'immigration, Québec" alt="Personnel d'immigration, Québec"> </div> <p>Le Québec crée son propre ministère de l’immigration en 1968. Ses principales préoccupations sont de recruter le plus grand nombre possible d’immigrants francophones dans la province, et de s’assurer que les immigrants qui s’installent au Québec font partie de la communauté francophone. Le Québec est la première province à conclure un accord spécial en matière d’immigration avec le gouvernement fédéral. Le gouvernement fédéral est également impliqué dans la tâche d’augmenter le nombre d’immigrants francophones au Canada. (<em>Voir aussi</em> <a href="https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/politique-du-quebec-immigration">Politique d’immigration du Québec</a>.)</p> <p>Au cours des dernières années, chaque province (à l’exception du Québec, qui a son propre programme similaire) a mis en place un programme de désignation des candidats des provinces, permettant aux <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/provincial-government/">gouvernements provinciaux</a> de désigner des candidats immigrants spécifiques, avec l’exigence qu’ils résident pendant un certain temps dans cette province. Bien que les programmes varient d’une province à l’autre, ils ont généralement deux objectifs : stimuler la croissance démographique et recruter des immigrants ayant des compétences professionnelles ou linguistiques souhaitables au sein de la population active d’une province. Certains programmes permettent aux immigrants d’accélérer le traitement de leur demande d’entrée au Canada. Environ 51 000 immigrants (sur un total d’environ 300 000) sont devenus résidents permanents au Canada en 2017 grâce aux programmes de désignation des candidats des provinces.</p> <h3>L’immigration au Canada au 19<sup>e</sup> siècle</h3> <p>Au 19<sup>e</sup> siècle, le mouvement des individus et des groupes vers le Canada est largement libre. Cette politique de « portes ouvertes » encourage surtout l’immigration blanche au Canada et notamment la colonisation de l’Ouest canadien. (<em>Voir aussi</em> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/immigration">Immigration au Canada</a>.)</p> <p>Le Canada n’est cependant pas ouvert à tous. La première <em>Loi sur l’immigration</em>, adoptée en 1869, établit une discrimination spécifique à l’égard des personnes en raison de leur classe sociale et de leur handicap. L’immigration est également discriminatoire sur la base de la race. En 1885, sous la pression de la <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/british-columbia/">Colombie-Britannique</a>, le gouvernement fédéral impose des politiques visant à restreindre l’immigration <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/chinese-canadians/">chinoise</a>, comme une <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/chinese-head-tax-in-canada/">taxe d’entrée</a> et, plus tard, la <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/chinese-immigration-act"><em>Loi sur l’immigration chinoise</em> de 1923</a>. Ces mesures explicitement racistes à l’égard des Chinois se poursuivent jusqu’à la fin des années1940.</p> <p>Même les migrants blancs sont discriminés sur la base de leur origine ethnique : les colons anglo-saxons de Grande-Bretagne et des États-Unis sont considérés comme les mieux adaptés, tandis que les Italiens et les Grecs sont vus comme plus difficiles à assimiler et donc moins désirables.</p> <div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/391e5809-9f40-4c80-b58a-37d72f8c1b72.jpg" title="Immigration irlandaise" alt="Immigration irlandaise"></div> <h3>Début du 20<sup>e</sup> siècle : restrictions raciales et nationales</h3> <p>Entre 1903 et 1913, après l’arrivée au Canada d’importantes cohortes d’immigrants principalement européens et une série de bouleversements politiques et de problèmes économiques suivant la <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/first-world-war-wwi/">Première Guerre mondiale</a> (<em>voir </em><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/greve-generale-de-winnipeg">Grève générale de Winnipeg</a>), une politique d’immigration beaucoup plus restrictive est mise en place.</p> <p>En vertu d’une <em>Loi sur l’immigration</em> révisée en 1919, le gouvernement exclut l’entrée au pays à certains groupes, notamment les communistes, les <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/mennonites/">mennonites</a>, les <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/doukhobors/">doukhobors</a> et d’autres groupes ayant des pratiques religieuses particulières, ainsi que les gens originaires de pays ayant combattu le Canada pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, comme les <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/austrians/">Autrichiens</a>, les <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/hungarians/">Hongrois</a> et les <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/turks/">Turcs</a>.</p> <p>Le gouvernement fédéral applique également des restrictions fondées sur la race et la religion. En 1911, le gouvernement envisage d’interdire les immigrants noirs, mais ne donne finalement pas suite à l’idée. Les restrictions à l’immigration sud-asiatique au Canada au début du 20<sup>e</sup> siècle atteignent leur paroxysme lors des événements entourant les passagers du <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/komagata-maru">SS <em>Komagata Maru</em></a> qui contestent ces politiques discriminatoires et exclusives. En 1939, les réfugiés juifs fuyant l’Allemagne nazie à bord du <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/ms-st-louis">MS <em>Saint Louis</em></a> se voient refuser l’entrée au Canada.</p> <p>Nombre de ces politiques et pratiques discriminatoires se poursuivent jusqu’au milieu du 20<sup>e</sup> siècle.</p> <iframe frameborder="0" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/CWJAqxJWY1A" width="640" height="360" class="note-video-clip"></iframe> <br> <h3>L’après-guerre : vers un système de points</h3> <p>Les politiques d’immigration restrictives du Canada commencent à s’assouplir lentement et progressivement après la <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/second-world-war-wwii/">Deuxième Guerre mondiale</a>, en partie grâce à une croissance économique (et une demande de main-d’œuvre) en plein essor et en partie en raison de l’évolution des mœurs sociales.</p> <div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/fd704360-23a5-4333-9dc4-fed52fcc81b8.jpg" title="Quai 21" alt="Quai 21"> </div> <p>En 1947, l’interdiction formelle de l’immigration chinoise est levée. Toutefois, en 1952, une nouvelle <em>Loi sur l’immigration</em> maintient les politiques discriminatoires du Canada à l’égard des immigrants non européens et non américains. Ce n’est qu’en 1962 que le <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/ottawa-ont/">gouvernement fédéral</a> met fin à la discrimination raciale dans le système d’immigration. En 1967, un système de points est mis en place pour classer les immigrants potentiels en fonction de leur admissibilité. La race, la couleur ou la nationalité ne sont pas des facteurs dans le nouveau système; au contraire, les compétences professionnelles, les niveaux d’éducation, les compétences linguistiques (soit le fait de parler le français ou l’anglais) et les liens familiaux deviennent les principales considérations pour décider qui peut immigrer.</p> <p>En 1969, le Canada signe la Convention des <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/united-nations/">Nations Unies</a> de 1951 relative au statut des réfugiés et son protocole de 1967. Bien qu’il reconnaisse les <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/refugees/">réfugiés</a> comme une catégorie spéciale de migrants pour des raisons humanitaires, le Canada ne crée aucune mesure officielle pour l’examen des demandes de statut de réfugié; il continue comme par le passé à n’admettre les réfugiés qu’au cas par cas.</p> <h3>Loi sur l’immigration, 1976</h3> <p>Les politiques d’immigration et de population sont profondément remaniées en 1975. Après une consultation approfondie, le gouvernement <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/liberal-party/">libéral</a> du premier ministre <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/pierre-elliott-trudeau/">Pierre Trudeau</a> adopte une nouvelle <em>Loi sur l’immigration</em> en 1976.</p> <p>Cette Loi, entrée en vigueur en 1978, constitue une rupture radicale avec le passé. Elle établit pour la première fois dans la loi les principaux objectifs de la politique d’immigration du Canada. Ceux-ci comprennent la promotion des objectifs démographiques, économiques, sociaux et culturels du Canada, ainsi que les priorités que sont le <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/regroupement-familial-au-canada">regroupement familial</a>, la diversité et la non-discrimination. La Loi permet également la coopération entre les différents niveaux de gouvernement et le secteur bénévole pour aider les nouveaux arrivants à s’adapter à la société canadienne. Pour la première fois, la Loi définit également les <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/refugees/">réfugiés</a> comme un groupe distinct d’immigrants dans le droit canadien, obligeant le gouvernement à respecter ses obligations envers les réfugiés en vertu des accords internationaux.</p> <div><img src="https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/5d37cd19-6a48-44e6-8200-a731aabb71ef.jpg" title="Accueil des réfugiés de l’Asie du Sud-Est à la base militaire de Griesbach, août 1979" alt="Accueil des réfugiés de l’Asie du Sud-Est à la base militaire de Griesbach, août 1979"></div> <p>En 1979, le Canada se lance dans un programme unique permettant à des groupes privés (le plus souvent des églises et des organisations communautaires ethniques) de parrainer des personnes ou des familles de réfugiés, de les faire venir au Canada en tant que résidents permanents et de les aider à s’installer ici. En 2017, le programme de parrainage privé de réfugiés permet d’installer plus de 275 000 personnes au Canada, en plus des réfugiés pris en charge par le gouvernement. Malgré son succès, le programme est critiqué ces dernières années pour sa lourdeur administrative et ses retards, ainsi que pour les restrictions croissantes concernant les pays d’où les réfugiés peuvent être parrainés.</p> <p>La Loi élargit le nombre de personnes ayant un rôle à jouer dans l’élaboration des politiques et l’établissement des niveaux d’immigration annuels. Elle donne aux gouvernements provinciaux, aux groupes ethniques et aux organisations humanitaires la possibilité, par le biais de consultations avec le gouvernement fédéral, de faire entendre leur point de vue aux responsables fédéraux de l’immigration.</p> <p>La Loi modernise également la façon dont le statut de réfugié est déterminé en fonction de la sécurité nationale et de l’application de la loi. Elle établit également que la Commission d’immigration quasi judiciaire (créée en 1967) doit être un organe totalement indépendant dont les décisions relatives aux demandes d’immigration et aux appels ne peuvent être annulées par le gouvernement, sauf en matière de sécurité.</p> <p>En 1980, cinq catégories d’immigrants sont créées pour l’entrée au Canada: indépendants (personnes présentant leur propre demande); humanitaires (réfugiés et autres personnes persécutées ou déplacées); familiaux (ayant de la famille immédiate vivant déjà au Canada); parents aidés (parents éloignés, parrainés par un membre de la famille au Canada); et économiques (personnes ayant des compétences professionnelles très recherchées, ou celles qui sont prêtes à ouvrir une entreprise ou à investir de manière significative dans l’économie canadienne).</p> <p>Dans les années 1990, après des décennies de réformes juridiques et administratives, la composition raciale des immigrants change également. L’Asie (en particulier la Chine, l’Inde et les Philippines) a remplacé l’Europe comme principale source d’immigrants au Canada.</p> <h3>L’accent mis sur la migration économique</h3> <p>Au cours des années 1980, les décideurs politiques mettent en place un programme visant à encourager les hommes d’affaires et les entrepreneurs à immigrer au Canada, en apportant leurs compétences en matière de gestion et leur capital financier afin de créer des possibilités d’emploi supplémentaires. Depuis, de nombreux immigrants apportent au Canada des capitaux et des emplois substantiels.</p> <p>Sans une immigration accrue, le déclin de la fécondité au Canada au 21<sup>e</sup> poserait de défis sociaux importants. Avec moins de Canadiens en âge de travailler, il serait difficile de couvrir les coûts des programmes de santé et des programmes sociaux destinés au nombre beaucoup plus important de citoyens âgés. Outre la main-d’œuvre supplémentaire, l’immigration répond également aux besoins d’une économie moderne en ce qui concerne l’éducation et les compétences. Ainsi, le Canada continue de favoriser les immigrants hautement qualifiés et instruits. En 2018, les immigrants de la catégorie économique constituent la plus grande catégorie d’immigrants, soit 186 352 des 321 035 immigrants admis cette année-là.</p> <p>La pratique consistant à admettre des personnes hautement qualifiées provenant de pays moins développés continue de susciter la controverse. Les gouvernements des pays en développement, d’où proviennent un nombre croissant d’immigrants au Canada, considèrent avec appréhension l’exode de personnes qu’ils ne peuvent pas se permettre de perdre. Bien que l’opinion a été exprimée que le Canada ne devrait pas encourager l’exode de personnes formées provenant de régions « démunies » du monde, le Canada défend le concept de liberté de circulation pour toutes les personnes.</p> <h3>Changements dans la politique d’immigration moderne</h3> <p>En 2001, après les <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/canada-and-911/">attaques terroristes du 11 septembre</a> sur les États-Unis, le Canada remplace sa <em>Loi sur l’immigration</em> de 1976 par la <em>Loi sur l’immigration et la protection des réfugiés</em>. La nouvelle Loi, entrée en vigueur en 2002, conserve bon nombre des principes et des politiques de la précédente, y compris les différentes catégories d’immigrants. Elle étend également la catégorie « famille » pour inclure les relations homosexuelles et les unions de fait. (<em>Voir</em> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/regroupement-familial-au-canada">Regroupement familial au Canada</a>.)</p> <p>Plus important encore, la Loi de 2001 donne au gouvernement des pouvoirs plus étendus pour détenir et <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/deportation/">expulser</a> les immigrants soupçonnés de constituer une menace pour la sécurité. En 2004, le Canada et les États-Unis interdisent la pratique consistant à permettre aux migrants d’entrer dans un pays avec un visa de voyage et de demander le statut de réfugié à la frontière de l’autre pays via l’<a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/canadaunited-states-safe-third-country-agreement">Accord sur les tiers pays sûrs entre le Canada et les États-Unis (ETPS)</a>. Cette politique est toutefois critiquée par de nombreux détracteurs qui font valoir que les États-Unis ne sont pas un « pays tiers sûr » pour les migrants en raison de leur approche plus hostile de la migration. (<em>Voir</em> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/canadian-refugee-policy">Politique canadienne sur les réfugiés</a>.) Certaines <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/personnes-demandeuses-d-asile">personnes demandeuses d'asile</a> contournent l'ETPS en <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/immigration-irreguliere">traversant la frontière de manière irrégulière</a> pour ensuite faire une demande d'asile au Canada. En 2023, l'accord est renégocié pour limiter cet échapatoire.</p> </div> </div> <div id="def" class="article-content-body hide"></div> </div> <div id="article-definitions"> <definitions route="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/json/define" id="politique-dimmigration-1"></definitions> </div> <div class="article-widget widget-adsense"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:468px;height:60px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3964766461879185" data-ad-slot="1946780682"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </article> </main> <div id="modal-overlay" class="overlay"></div> <div id="article-image" class="article-img-modal" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="article-modal-title"> <button class="article-img-modal__close" aria-label="close image modal"></button> <div id="js-article-modal-image" class="article-img-modal__container"> <div class="image-container"> <img class="article-img-modal__img" src="" alt=""> </div> <div class="text-container"> <span role="heading" aria-level="3" id="article-modal-title" class="article-img-modal__title"></span> <span class="article-img-modal__description"></span> <span class="article-img-modal__creator"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-grid article-related"> <ul class="article-tags-list main-grid__content"> <li class="article-tags-list__item"> <a class="article-tags-list__item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/cherchez?query=immigration&tag=immigration">immigration</a> </li> <li class="article-tags-list__item"> <a class="article-tags-list__item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/cherchez?query=Loi%20de%20l%27immigration%20chinoise&tag=loi-de-l-immigration-chinoise">Loi de l'immigration chinoise</a> </li> <li class="article-tags-list__item"> <a class="article-tags-list__item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/cherchez?query=%C3%A9conomie&tag=economie">économie</a> </li> <li class="article-tags-list__item"> <a class="article-tags-list__item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/cherchez?query=R%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s&tag=refugies">Réfugiés</a> </li> </ul> <div id="external_links" class="article-related-two-column main-grid__content--wide"> <h3 class="article-related-two-column__title">Liens externes</h3> <ul class="article-related-two-column__list"> <li class="article-related-two-column__list__item"><p> <a href="http://passagestocanada.com/fr/?"><strong>PASSAGES VERS LE CANADA</strong>Les immigrants au Canada ont rencontré de nombreuses difficultés, des possibilités et des réussites où ils s'apprêtent à mettre en place une vie meilleure pour eux et leurs familles dans leur pays d'adoption. Écouter certains de leurs histoires personnelles à des «Passages vers le Canada" site web de Historica Canada. </a> </p></li> <li class="article-related-two-column__list__item"><p> <a href="http://www.quai21.ca/accueil/"><strong>Musée canadien de limmigration du Quai 21 </strong>Site Web du Musée canadien de limmigration du Quai 21.</a> </p></li> </ul> </div> <!-- Related Collections --> <div class="callouts-layout main-grid__content--full"> <h3 id="associated_collections" class="callouts-layout__title">Collections associées</h3> <div class="callouts-layout__grid"> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/collection/immigration-et-les-communautes-du-canada" > Immigration et les communautés du Canada </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">collection</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img 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