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color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px"> <b></b></td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 编者按：2023年5月起，“学习强国”学习平台与中国科学报社联合发起“科学家回信”活动，邀请广大读者向自己心中向往尊敬的科学家、科技工作者提问、留言。活动启动后，“学习强国”“科学网App”收到了读者的踊跃留言。我们精</p> <section style=";; margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 选了读者李氏的提问，请中国 <span class="errorText">科学院</span>计算技术研究所研究员胡伟武发出第七十七期手书回信。</section> <div class="ueditorOption ueditorOptionModel" contenteditable="true" id="0" style="text-align: center;"> <img data-mce-="" data-wenge-id="131883" id="img-null" opaid="wenge-lwq0rt8mhhf0/" size="1680199" src="https://rmtzx.sciencenet.cn//kxwsprint/67201d1ae4b03b5da6d195c8.jpg" wosname="67201d1ae4b03b5da6d195c8.jpg" /></div> <p class="timeLine_wg" style="height:20px;"> <span style="display:none"><span contenteditable="false" style="height: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; display: block; z-index: 9999; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 0px; 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border-radius: 2px;" title="在这插入段落">?</span></span></span></p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 以求索之问激发科学探讨，以互动回应碰撞科学新知，“学习强国”“科学网App”愿成为公众与科学的信使，欢迎你进入“向科学家提问”小程序提问、留言。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 读者李氏：您好，请问我国的芯片行业被卡脖子，那么要在芯片行业成功自卫，需要我们青少年做些什么？培养些什么能力？我是一名高中理科生，如果将来想要投身于芯片行业的建设，我需要在高中除了完成学业内容以外，还需要做些什么呢？在选科方向需要如何知道哪个是跟芯片有关的专业？在高中阶段，是不是要多读一些相关的书籍，上网查阅一些资料？还是说有其他需要掌握的，还有关于芯片方面的创新与思考，平时要怎么培养？</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 胡伟武：改革开放以来，我国信息产业主要构建在美西方主导的X86体系（以Intel的CPU和微软的Windows操作系统为典型代表）和ARM体系（以ARM的CPU和谷歌的Android操作系统为典型代表），不仅产品发展受制于人，国家安全也面临威胁。就像习<span class="errorText">近平</span><span class="errorText">总<span class="errorText">书记</span></span>指出的：“在别人的墙基上砌房子，再大再漂亮也可能经不起风雨，甚至会不堪一击”。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 党的十八大以来，我国从研发和应用等方面加大了对包括自主CPU和操作系统在内的基础软硬件的投入，在自主指令系统、自主CPU、自主操作系统、自主集成电路生产工艺等方面都取得了显著的进展。自主CPU芯片在我国的国防工业、电子政务、能源、交通、金融、电信等领域得到了广泛应用，独立于X86体系和ARM体系的自主信息技术体系基本建成。</p> <p style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 未来5～10年，我国信息产业仍将处于应用和整机发达、基础软硬件比较薄弱的时期。与之相对应的是我国信息产业应用型人才充足，基础软硬件人才不足。青少年如果有志于投身于国家信息产业的建设，应重点关注包括计算机体系结构、操作系统、编译原理、集成电路、半导体、材料等信息产业基础学科的课程。在高中阶段，要学好数学和物理，甚至大学主修数学和物理，研究生时再转到集成电路、计算机、电子学、半导体等专业比较合适。如果高中阶段还有余力，可以设计一些硬件电路（如电子表、智能门锁电路等），学习C和C++这种比较基础的编程语言，或者在自己的计算机上安装开源的Linux操作系统并在Linux操作系统上完成平时用Windows操作系统做的工作。</p> <p class="lastPadding" style=";; margin: 0px 0px 26px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 做硬科技需要长时间、一步一个脚印地积累，不可能一蹴而就，需要耐得住寂寞，挡得住诱感，受得了委屈。</p> <div> </div><div style="text-indent:2em;color: #587c19;font-size:13px; ">特别声明：本文转载仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网站转载使用，须保留本网站注明的“来源”，并自负版权等法律责任；作者如果不希望被转载或者联系转载稿费等事宜，请与我们接洽。</div> <div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #bfc89d; vertical-align: bottom; width: 100%; height: 20px"> </div> <div style="width: 100%; height: 20px; text-align: center; margin:10px"> <!-- JiaThis Button BEGIN --> <script src="/html/js/share.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- JiaThis Button END --> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="line-height: 10px; 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