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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-定义" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定义"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>定义</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定义-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>地理</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>宗教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-艺术" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#艺术"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>艺术</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-艺术-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-国情简介" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#国情简介"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>国情简介</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-国情简介-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关国情简介子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-国情简介-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-傳統中亞地區" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#傳統中亞地區"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>傳統中亞地區</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-傳統中亞地區-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-擴展中亞地區（廣義）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#擴展中亞地區（廣義）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>擴展中亞地區（廣義）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-擴展中亞地區（廣義）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>政治</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>人文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">中亚</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。151种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-151" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">151种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Teung%C3%B6h" title="Asia Teungöh – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Asia Teungöh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentraal-Asi%C3%AB" title="Sentraal-Asië – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sentraal-Asië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%A8%E1%88%88%E1%8A%9B_%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%AB" title="መካከለኛ እስያ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መካከለኛ እስያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Central" title="Asia Central – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Asia Central" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelasia" title="Middelasia – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Middelasia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%89" title="آسيا الوسطى – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آسيا الوسطى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%89" title="اسيا الوسطى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسيا الوسطى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Central" title="Asia Central – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Asia Central" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istefa_Asia" title="Istefa Asia – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Istefa Asia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99rk%C9%99zi_Asiya" title="Mərkəzi Asiya – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mərkəzi Asiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اورتا آسیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اورتا آسیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D2%99%D3%99%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Үҙәк Азия – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Үҙәк Азия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Asia Tengah" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%97dor%C4%97_Az%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Vėdorė Azėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vėdorė Azėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Цэнтральная Азія – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цэнтральная Азія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Цэнтральная Азія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цэнтральная Азія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Централна Азия – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Централна Азия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सेंट्रल एशिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सेंट्रल एशिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="মধ্য এশিয়া – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মধ্য এশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azia_ar_C%27hreiz" title="Azia ar C'hreiz – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Azia ar C'hreiz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srednja_Azija" title="Srednja Azija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Srednja Azija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80sia_central" title="Àsia central – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àsia central" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-%C4%81" title="Dṳ̆ng-ā – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dṳ̆ng-ā" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Йуккъера Ази – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Йуккъера Ази" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ئاسیای ناوەندی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاسیای ناوەندی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orta_Asiya" title="Orta Asiya – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Orta Asiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C5%99edn%C3%AD_Asie" title="Střední Asie – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Střední Asie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%83%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Вăта Ази – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вăта Ази" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canolbarth_Asia" title="Canolbarth Asia – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Canolbarth Asia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralasien" title="Centralasien – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Centralasien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentralasien" title="Zentralasien – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zentralasien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asya_Miyan%C3%AAne" title="Asya Miyanêne – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Asya Miyanêne" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%89_%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B" title="༉ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ – 宗卡语" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="༉ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱ་མཚོ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="宗卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κεντρική Ασία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κεντρική Ασία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Central Asia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centra_Azio" title="Centra Azio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Centra Azio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Central" title="Asia Central – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asia Central" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesk-Aasia" title="Kesk-Aasia – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kesk-Aasia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdialdeko_Asia" title="Erdialdeko Asia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erdialdeko Asia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="آسیای مرکزی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آسیای مرکزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keski-Aasia" title="Keski-Aasia – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Keski-Aasia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asie_centrale" title="Asie centrale – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Asie centrale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_centr%C3%A2la" title="Asia centrâla – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Asia centrâla" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madelaasien" title="Madelaasien – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Madelaasien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintraal-Aazje" title="Sintraal-Aazje – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sintraal-Aazje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Central" title="Asia Central – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Asia Central" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbyte_%C3%81sia" title="Mbyte Ásia – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbyte Ásia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsakiyar_Asiya" title="Tsakiyar Asiya – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tsakiyar Asiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-%C3%82" title="Chûng-Â – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chûng-Â" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="מרכז אסיה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרכז אסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मध्य एशिया – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मध्य एशिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srednja_Azija" title="Srednja Azija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Srednja Azija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srjed%C5%BAna_Azija" title="Srjedźna Azija – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Srjedźna Azija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6z%C3%A9p-%C3%81zsia" title="Közép-Ázsia – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Közép-Ázsia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կենտրոնական Ասիա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենտրոնական Ասիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կեդրոնական Ասիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կեդրոնական Ասիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asia Tengah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengnga_nga_Asia" title="Tengnga nga Asia – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tengnga nga Asia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Azia" title="Central Azia – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Central Azia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B0-As%C3%ADa" title="Mið-Asía – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mið-Asía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_centrale" title="Asia centrale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Asia centrale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2" title="中央アジア – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中央アジア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Asia Tengah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ცენტრალური აზია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცენტრალური აზია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asya_talemmast" title="Asya talemmast – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asya talemmast" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiya_Tongah" title="Asiya Tongah – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Asiya Tongah" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орталық Азия – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орталық Азия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B" title="អាស៊ីកណ្ដាល – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាស៊ីកណ្ដាល" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%8F%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ಮಧ್ಯ ಏಶಿಯಾ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಧ್ಯ ಏಶಿಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="중앙아시아 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중앙아시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asyaya_Navend%C3%AE" title="Asyaya Navendî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Asyaya Navendî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asi_Gres" title="Asi Gres – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Asi Gres" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Asia" title="Media Asia – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Media Asia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asya_Sentrala" title="Asya Sentrala – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Asya Sentrala" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentralasien" title="Zentralasien – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zentralasien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Юкьван Азия – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Юкьван Азия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_sentral" title="Asia sentral – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Asia sentral" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centraal-Azi%C3%AB" title="Centraal-Azië – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Centraal-Azië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Centrala" title="Asia Centrala – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Asia Centrala" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C3%ADa_ya_Katik%C3%A1ti" title="Azía ya Katikáti – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Azía ya Katikáti" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ອາຊີກາງ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອາຊີກາງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidurin%C4%97_Azija" title="Vidurinė Azija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vidurinė Azija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centr%C4%81l%C4%81zija" title="Centrālāzija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Centrālāzija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मध्य एसिया – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मध्य एसिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Asia Tengah" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azia_Afovoany" title="Azia Afovoany – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Azia Afovoany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tangah" title="Asia Tangah – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Asia Tangah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Средна Азија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Средна Азија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="മദ്ധ്യേഷ്യ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മദ്ധ്യേഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Төв Ази – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төв Ази" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मध्य आशिया – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मध्य आशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Asia Tengah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE" title="အလယ်အာရှ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အလယ်အာရှ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मध्य एसिया – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मध्य एसिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centraal-Azi%C3%AB" title="Centraal-Azië – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Centraal-Azië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentral-Asia" title="Sentral-Asia – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sentral-Asia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentral-Asia" title="Sentral-Asia – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sentral-Asia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82sie_du_Mitan" title="Âsie du Mitan – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Âsie du Mitan" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Centrala" title="Asia Centrala – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Asia Centrala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giddu-galeessa_Eeshiyaa" title="Giddu-galeessa Eeshiyaa – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Giddu-galeessa Eeshiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ମଧ୍ୟ ଏସିଆ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମଧ୍ୟ ଏସିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Центрон Ази – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Центрон Ази" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Sentral" title="Asia Sentral – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Asia Sentral" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azja_%C5%9Arodkowa" title="Azja Środkowa – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azja Środkowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="وچکارلا ایشیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وچکارلا ایشیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%81%D9%86%DB%8D_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="منځنۍ آسيا – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="منځنۍ آسيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81sia_Central" title="Ásia Central – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ásia Central" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Central%C4%83" title="Asia Centrală – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Asia Centrală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Центральная Азия – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Центральная Азия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Середня Азія – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Середня Азія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Киин Азия – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Киин Азия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81sia_tzentrale" title="Ásia tzentrale – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ásia tzentrale" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_cintrali" title="Asia cintrali – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Asia cintrali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%86_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="وچ ايشيا – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وچ ايشيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srednja_Azija" title="Srednja Azija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Srednja Azija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%86%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="මධ්‍යම ආසියාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මධ්‍යම ආසියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Central Asia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stredn%C3%A1_%C3%81zia" title="Stredná Ázia – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stredná Ázia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srednja_Azija" title="Srednja Azija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Srednja Azija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aasiyada_Dhexe" title="Aasiyada Dhexe – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Aasiyada Dhexe" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azia_Qendrore" title="Azia Qendrore – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Azia Qendrore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Средња Азија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Средња Азија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Asia Tengah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralasien" title="Centralasien – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Centralasien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_ya_Kati" title="Asia ya Kati – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Asia ya Kati" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="நடு ஆசியா – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நடு ஆசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="మధ్య ఆసియా – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మధ్య ఆసియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D3%A3" title="Осиёи Марказӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Осиёи Марказӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="เอเชียกลาง – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอเชียกลาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkezi_Azi%C3%BDa" title="Merkezi Aziýa – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Merkezi Aziýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitnang_Asya" title="Gitnang Asya – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gitnang Asya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orta_Asya" title="Orta Asya – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Orta Asya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D3%99%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Үзәк Азия – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үзәк Азия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ئوتتۇرا ئاسىيا – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئوتتۇرا ئاسىيا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Центральна Азія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Центральна Азія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="وسط ایشیا – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وسط ایشیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markaziy_Osiyo" title="Markaziy Osiyo – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Markaziy Osiyo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_%C3%81" title="Trung Á – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trung Á" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centroal-Azi%C3%AB" title="Centroal-Azië – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Centroal-Azië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AEtrinne_Azeye" title="Mîtrinne Azeye – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mîtrinne Azeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butnga_nga_Asya" title="Butnga nga Asya – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Butnga nga Asya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diggu_Asi" title="Diggu Asi – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Diggu Asi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="中亞 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="中亞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ცენტრალური აზია – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ცენტრალური აზია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80rin_%C3%81s%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Àrin Ásíà – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àrin Ásíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="中亞 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="中亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong_A-chiu" title="Tiong A-chiu – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong A-chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="中亞 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27275#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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geogra"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">中亚</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="中亚在世界地图上的位置"><img alt="中亚在世界地图上的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/300px-Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/400px-Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">面积</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4,003,451平方公里（1,545,741平方英里）<sup id="cite_ref-中亚五国的面积之和_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中亚五国的面积之和-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">人口</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">74,177,200 （2020年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">人口密度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">18.53 人/平方千米</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">国家</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克斯坦</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">国内生产总值（2019）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">293,903百萬美元</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">人均国内生产总值（2019）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">3,962美元</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Asia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Central_Asia.svg/275px-Central_Asia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Central_Asia.svg/413px-Central_Asia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Central_Asia.svg/550px-Central_Asia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>中亚国家</figcaption></figure> <p><b>中亚</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Central Asia</span>；俄语：<span lang="ru">Средняя Азия / Центральная Азия</span>），即<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a>中部，在地理上是指西至<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="里海">里海</a>，东到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a>新疆，南到<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>，北到<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>的广大区域。而根据长期占据这片区域大部分领土的前<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>官方定义，中亚仅指其五个加盟共和国：<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国">哈萨克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="吉尔吉斯苏维埃社会主义共和国">吉尔吉斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="塔吉克苏维埃社会主义共和国">塔吉克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="土库曼苏维埃社会主义共和国">土库曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="乌兹别克苏维埃社会主义共和国">乌兹别克</a>。 </p><p>苏联解体后，中亚成了亚洲中部现已独立的五个前<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>加盟共和国——<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克</a>（1878万人）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯</a>（652万人）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克</a>（954万人）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼</a>（603万人）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克</a>（3347万人）以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>等国的总称。虽然关于<b>中亚</b>的定义没有得到全世界范围的认可，但这一地区有着一些显著特征。例如，在历史上，中亚地区的主要居民属于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E7%89%A7%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="游牧民族">游牧民族</a>，而这块区域也是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="丝绸之路">丝绸之路</a>的重要组成部分。因为这个原因，这一区域成了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">东亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="南亚">南亚</a>、和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="北亚">北亚</a>各个民族、各种宗教以及各种思想的交汇之地；到了近现代，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西欧">西欧</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="殖民者">殖民者</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="冷戰">美苏争霸</a>又在此区域兴起各种霸权争夺，产生了古老与现代的思想交汇。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>中亚最早的民族已经不可考，因为缺少文字和聚落的遗存物，许多零星遗迹也无法得到有效断代与确认。自公元前2世纪起，从<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%8E%9B%E5%B9%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="塔克拉玛干">塔克拉玛干</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="绿洲">绿洲</a>越过<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%B1%E5%B2%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="葱岭">葱岭</a>西迁而来的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%8F" title="大月氏">大月氏</a>人征服了本地民族<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%8F_(%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD)" title="大夏 (中亚古国)">大夏</a>人，逐渐融合成了新的民族。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%8F" title="月氏">月氏</a>人与<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="两河流域">两河流域</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="安息帝國">安息</a>人长期在此地区共存，而版图此消彼长。此时中亚的主要民族或政权有原本的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%8F_(%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD)" title="大夏 (中亚古国)">大夏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%9B" title="大宛">大宛</a>，西迁来的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%8F" title="大月氏">大月氏</a>以及更偏北方的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="乌孙">乌孙</a>。由于缺乏历史样本，现在已经很难知道当时这些民族的具体人种，但根据中国史书记载，除了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="乌孙">乌孙</a>明显具有<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%AE" title="高加索人種">高加索人種</a>特征外，本地的土著民族“深目多髯”，即眼窝较深、胡须较多，并没有任何肤色、瞳色、髮色的明显差异；而<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%8F" title="月氏">月氏</a>人与敦煌、祁连山南部的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="羌人">羌人</a>同族，应当属于黄种人。 </p><p>到了公元1~3世纪，大月氏五个翕候部族的一支<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E9%9C%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="贵霜">贵霜</a>翕候攻灭其他四部，取代大月氏建立新的政权。<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E9%9C%9C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="贵霜帝国">贵霜帝国</a>强盛时期南臣<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E9%99%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高附（页面不存在）">高附</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%AB%BA" title="天竺">身毒</a>，西却<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="安息帝國">安息</a>，建立了南到印度洋、东到葱岭、西到里海沿岸的大帝国。此时中国史书中关于人种的相关记载没有出现特别的变化，仍然是”深目、多髯“类似的特征。 </p><p>到了公元5~6世纪，随着<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="北亚">北亚</a>草原民族<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%9B%B6" title="丁零">丁零</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6" title="柔然">柔然</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92" title="敕勒">敕勒</a>等，逐步沿<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="蒙古高原">蒙古高原</a>外围西迁、南迁，与中亚地区的民族发生了更多的交流。此时期本地的各民族特征缺乏史料记载，中国史书没有额外的描写；然而西方史学界将此阶段称为<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E5%8C%96" title="突厥化">突厥化</a>，并认为直到“突厥化”早期以及9世纪伊斯兰化之前，中亚地区的主要居民是”操伊朗语支各语言的、属于<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%A7%8D%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="白种人">白种人</a>的<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>东伊朗人（即中国史书中说的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="粟特人">粟特人</a>以及希腊文献中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="斯基特">斯基特</a>人）”、这种观点与本地区长期存在的民族成分不符，在史学上与中亚地区临近的中国记载相冲突，也缺乏可信的实证。 </p><p>总之，从6世纪后期，随着<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>对<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="突厥汗国">突厥汗国</a>的军事行动和对中亚地区的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%81%E7%B8%BB" title="羁縻">羁縻</a>统治，突厥民族和文化在中亚产生了较大的影响，逐渐彼此融合。随着公元840年唐朝与<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a>战争失利，阿拉伯人的祖先建立的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="大食">大食</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">藏族</a>人的祖先建立的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a>政权在此地区展开争夺，直到12世纪<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E6%9C%9D" title="辽朝">辽</a>被<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D" title="金朝">金</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋</a>攻灭以后，<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%BE%8B%E5%A4%A7%E7%9F%B3" title="耶律大石">耶律大石</a>率领2万部众迁徙到这里，建立了强大而短暂的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%BE%BD" title="西辽">西辽</a>，直到13世纪被<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古汗国">蒙古汗国</a>击溃。13世纪开始，和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="突厥語族群">突厥</a>民族一样来自蒙古草原的<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="蒙古族">蒙古人</a>西征中亚，由于两次外交努力的失败，蒙古军队在花剌子模（今天的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼</a>）对当地成年男性進行了报复性屠殺。<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古汗国">蒙古汗国</a>对中亚的西征以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%9F%E5%90%88%E5%8F%B0%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="察合台汗国">察合台汗国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%90%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="金帐汗国">金帐汗国</a>在中亚的建立，直接导致现代中亚人的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B6%E7%B3%BB%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="父系基因（页面不存在）">父系基因</a>有30%左右来自蒙古，8%左右来自于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="汉代">汉代</a>时期的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="西域">西域</a>（今新疆）或8世纪左右的吐蕃，以及2%左右来自于东亚基因群（大概来自<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="唐代">唐代</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%BD%E6%8A%A4%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="安西都护府">安西都护府</a>的汉人官僚和士兵）<sup id="cite_ref-Y_chromosome_sequence_variation_and_the_history_of_human_populations“。_蒙古征服也使得蒙古人南迁到今天阿富汗一代，形成了以[[哈扎拉人]]为主体的民族。目前[[哈扎拉人]]可能占阿富汗总人口的9%。_从17世纪开始到20世纪，中亚大部分地区成了[[俄罗斯帝国]]以及随后的[[苏联]]的领土，大量的斯拉夫人开始迁移到哈萨克和吉尔吉斯。苏联解体后，哈萨克和吉尔吉斯的斯拉夫人开始大规模迁移回俄罗斯，导致哈萨克和吉尔吉斯的俄罗斯族人口比例大大下滑。比如说中亚最大的国家哈萨克斯坦，在苏联解体前，哈萨克的民族人口比例为俄罗斯族占哈萨克总人口的37%，哈萨克族占哈萨克斯坦总人口的39%。但是自从苏联解体后，由于哈萨克斯坦的俄罗斯族大量迁移到俄罗斯以及哈萨克斯坦的俄罗斯族的生育率低下，加上海外很多哈萨克族迁移到哈萨克，导致今天哈萨克的民族人口比例为俄罗斯族占哈萨克总人口的21%，而哈萨克族则占哈萨克总人口的65%。<ref_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Y_chromosome_sequence_variation_and_the_history_of_human_populations“。_蒙古征服也使得蒙古人南迁到今天阿富汗一代，形成了以[[哈扎拉人]]为主体的民族。目前[[哈扎拉人]]可能占阿富汗总人口的9%。_从17世纪开始到20世纪，中亚大部分地区成了[[俄罗斯帝国]]以及随后的[[苏联]]的领土，大量的斯拉夫人开始迁移到哈萨克和吉尔吉斯。苏联解体后，哈萨克和吉尔吉斯的斯拉夫人开始大规模迁移回俄罗斯，导致哈萨克和吉尔吉斯的俄罗斯族人口比例大大下滑。比如说中亚最大的国家哈萨克斯坦，在苏联解体前，哈萨克的民族人口比例为俄罗斯族占哈萨克总人口的37%，哈萨克族占哈萨克斯坦总人口的39%。但是自从苏联解体后，由于哈萨克斯坦的俄罗斯族大量迁移到俄罗斯以及哈萨克斯坦的俄罗斯族的生育率低下，加上海外很多哈萨克族迁移到哈萨克，导致今天哈萨克的民族人口比例为俄罗斯族占哈萨克总人口的21%，而哈萨克族则占哈萨克总人口的65%。<ref-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定义"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E4.B9.89"></span>定义</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：定义"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Big_Central_Asia_UNESCO.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Big_Central_Asia_UNESCO.png/220px-Big_Central_Asia_UNESCO.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Big_Central_Asia_UNESCO.png/330px-Big_Central_Asia_UNESCO.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Big_Central_Asia_UNESCO.png/440px-Big_Central_Asia_UNESCO.png 2x" data-file-width="1298" data-file-height="897" /></a><figcaption>Big Central Asia. Cultural region of UNESCO</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Asia_borders.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Central_Asia_borders.png" decoding="async" width="326" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>三種不同說法的中亞地區定義地圖<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B08127; color:black;"> </span> （左）蘇聯官方定義</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DBA63F; color:black;"> </span> （中）目前普遍的定義</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F8C768; color:black;"> </span> （右）联合国教育科学文化组织的定義</div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>中亚</b>这个概念最早由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="地理學家">地理学家</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%B4%AA%E5%A0%A1" title="亚历山大·冯·洪堡">亚历山大·冯·洪堡</a>于1843年提出，其所包含的范围存在多种界定。 </p><p>范围最狭窄的界定来自<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>官方的定义，即仅指其下属的四个加盟共和国<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="吉尔吉斯苏维埃社会主义共和国">吉尔吉斯苏维埃社会主义共和国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="乌兹别克苏维埃社会主义共和国">乌兹别克苏维埃社会主义共和国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="塔吉克苏维埃社会主义共和国">塔吉克苏维埃社会主义共和国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="土库曼苏维埃社会主义共和国">土库曼苏维埃社会主义共和国</a>。苏联时期，这一界定在国际上也广泛使用。 </p><p>然而在俄罗斯文化中，关于<b>中亚</b>有两个概念：一个是Средняя Азия（英语可译成Middle Asia），是较为狭窄的概念，是指历史上曾经为俄罗斯所统治的位于亚洲中部的非斯拉夫人居住的地区；另一个是Центральная Азия（英语可译成Central Asia），范围较为广泛，即指亚洲中部地区而不论这些地区是否曾受俄罗斯统治。 </p><p>在苏联解体后，已经独立的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼</a>的领导人在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E4%BB%80%E5%B9%B2" title="塔什干">塔什干</a>举行会议，宣布中亚地区应当包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克</a>在内。从此之后，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%94%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中亚五国">中亚五国</a>成了中亚最为普遍接受的界定。 </p><p>另一个变通的界定方法是根据种族划分，即东<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="突厥人">突厥人</a>、东<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E4%BA%BA" title="伊朗人">伊朗人</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="蒙古族">蒙古人</a>居住的地区。这些区域包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆维吾尔族自治区">新疆维吾尔族自治区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="西伯利亚">西伯利亚</a>南部生活着<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="突厥人">突厥民族</a>的区域、从<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="前苏联">前苏联</a>独立的五个中亞国家以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="阿富汗突厥斯坦">阿富汗</a>。此外还包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a>北部和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E5%B1%B1%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="克什米尔山谷">克什米尔山谷</a>，以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏">西藏</a>和印度的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="拉达克">拉达克</a>。在这一概念下，上述地区的绝大部分居民都属于当地原住民。 </p><p>有一些地方宣称在地理上位于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a>的中心位置，例如<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E7%93%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="图瓦共和国">图瓦共和国</a>的首府<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C%E5%8B%92" title="克孜勒">克孜勒</a>，以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆维吾尔族自治区">新疆</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E9%B2%81%E6%9C%A8%E9%BD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="乌鲁木齐">乌鲁木齐</a>以北320公里的一个小村庄（见下文）<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86"></span>地理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：地理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Location-Asia-UNsubregions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Location-Asia-UNsubregions.png/225px-Location-Asia-UNsubregions.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Location-Asia-UNsubregions.png/338px-Location-Asia-UNsubregions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Location-Asia-UNsubregions.png/450px-Location-Asia-UNsubregions.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>亚洲分区: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0000E0; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="北亚">北亚</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E000E0; color:black;"> </span> 中亚</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00E000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E00000; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="南亚">南亚</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFF20; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">东亚</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFC000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a></div></figcaption></figure> <p>中亚地区地域辽阔，地貌复杂。既有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%B1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="天山山脉">天山山脉</a>这样的高山，也有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%93%E5%A7%86%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="卡拉库姆沙漠">卡拉库姆沙漠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%93%E5%A7%86%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0" title="克孜勒库姆沙漠">克孜勒库姆沙漠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%8E%9B%E5%B9%B2%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0" title="塔克拉玛干沙漠">塔克拉玛干沙漠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%A3%81%E6%BB%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="戈壁滩">戈壁滩</a>等廣大的沙漠。但最具中亚特征的地形无疑是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%A0%91%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="稀树草原">稀树草原</a>。中亚地区的草原和东欧草原一起构成了横贯<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" class="mw-redirect" title="欧亚大陆">欧亚大陆</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F" title="欧亚大草原">欧亚大草原</a>。 </p><p>中亚的大部分区域都异常干燥，难以种植作物，大部分中亚地区的居民以放牧为生，工业则集中在该地区的城市之中。 </p><p>中亚地区的主要河流包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%B2%B3" title="阿姆河">阿姆河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3" title="锡尔河">锡尔河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E6%B2%B3" title="哈里河">哈里河</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%83%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="穆爾加布河">穆尔加布河</a>，湖泊则有<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="咸海">咸海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E6%B9%96" title="巴尔喀什湖">巴尔喀什湖</a>以及世界上最大的湖泊<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="里海">里海</a>，这些河流和湖泊构成了中亚地区庞大的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E6%B5%81%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="內流區">内流区</a>。由于近几十年来工业和灌溉用水量的急剧提升，上述水体均应水流量减少而发生了水体收缩现象。考虑到水对于干旱的中亚地区的重要性，水流量减少很有可能导致地区冲突。 </p><p>中亚地区有以下地理极端： </p> <ul><li>世界上最北端的沙漠，位于北纬50度18分，<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E5%B8%83%E6%B1%97%E7%9C%81" title="扎布汗省">扎布汗省</a>的 Buurug Deliin Els 沙漠。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8D%8A%E7%90%83" title="北半球">北半球</a>最南端的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E4%B9%85%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F" title="永久冻土">永久冻土</a>，位于<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%BD%A6%E6%B4%AA%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%E7%9C%81" title="巴彦洪戈尔省">巴彦洪戈尔省</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%99%BB%E5%86%85%E7%B4%A2%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="额尔登内索格">额尔登内索格</a>。</li> <li>世界上最北端的沙漠与永久冻土之间最短的距离：770公里。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E9%9B%A3%E6%8A%B5%E6%A5%B5" title="歐亞大陸難抵極">歐亞大陸難抵極</a>（最难到达的地点）：</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>位于新疆<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E9%B2%81%E6%9C%A8%E9%BD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="乌鲁木齐">乌鲁木齐</a>以北320公里、中国-<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>边界的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B0%94%E7%8F%AD%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%A4%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0" title="古尔班通古特沙漠">古尔班通古特沙漠</a>中（经纬度为：<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&params=46_17_N_86_40_E_&title=Continental+Pole+of+Inaccessibility"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">46°17′N</span> <span class="longitude">86°40′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">46.283°N 86.667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.283; 86.667</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Continental Pole of Inaccessibility</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>），属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%9F%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="塔城地区">塔城地区</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B8%83%E5%85%8B%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF" title="和布克赛尔蒙古自治县">和布克赛尔县</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，距离最近的海岸线有2645公里之遥。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>早期研究认为此地应当就是大陆的最难到达点。然而，上述地点忽视了<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E7%95%A2%E7%81%A3" title="鄂畢灣">鄂毕湾</a>，从该地点到鄂毕湾的距离大大缩短了之前计算的其到海洋的距离。近期的研究提出了两个新的候选地点：一个位于<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&params=44.29_N_82.19_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">44°17′N</span> <span class="longitude">82°11′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">44.29°N 82.19°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.29; 82.19</span></span></span></a></span></span> ，在新疆<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%8A%81%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="伊犁哈萨克自治州">伊犁哈萨克自治州</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%AE%81%E5%B8%82" title="伊宁市">伊宁市</a>东北方约80公里，距离最近的海岸线约2510公里；另一个位于<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&params=45.28_N_88.14_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">45°17′N</span> <span class="longitude">88°08′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">45.28°N 88.14°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.28; 88.14</span></span></span></a></span></span> ，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E9%B2%81%E6%9C%A8%E9%BD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="乌鲁木齐">乌鲁木齐</a>以北约160公里，距离最近的海岸线约2514公里。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>中亚地区远离海洋也造成了整个地区昼夜温差极大。 </p><p>根据<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="世界野生動物基金會">世界野生动物基金会</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%8C%BA" title="生物地理分布区">生物地理分布区</a>体系，中亚地区属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8C%97%E7%95%8C" title="古北界">古北界</a>。该地区最大的生态体系是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F%E3%80%81%E7%A8%80%E6%A0%91%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%92%8C%E7%96%8F%E7%81%8C%E4%B8%9B" title="温带草原、稀树草原和疏灌丛">温带草原、稀树草原和疏灌丛</a>。其他生态体系还包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%92%8C%E7%81%8C%E4%B8%9B" title="山地草原和灌丛">山地草原和灌丛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%92%E6%BC%A0%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B2%E7%87%A5%E7%96%8F%E7%81%8C%E4%B8%9B" title="荒漠和干燥疏灌丛">荒漠和干燥疏灌丛</a>，以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E9%92%88%E5%8F%B6%E6%9E%97" title="温带针叶林">温带针叶林</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="中亚历史">中亚历史</a></div><div id="noteTA-fe69cc4" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scythia-Parthia_100_BC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Scythia-Parthia_100_BC.png/160px-Scythia-Parthia_100_BC.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Scythia-Parthia_100_BC.png/240px-Scythia-Parthia_100_BC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Scythia-Parthia_100_BC.png/320px-Scythia-Parthia_100_BC.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>公元前1世纪<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E4%BA%BA" title="伊朗人">伊朗人</a>的扩张：橙色即为<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%B3%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="斯基泰人">斯基泰人</a>（主要由东伊朗人构成）的疆域</figcaption></figure> <p>影响中亚历史的主要是地理和气候。因为气候的冷暖周期，中亚在近1000年变得更干燥，绿洲消失、降雨减少，不利于农牧业的发展；又因为地处亚洲内陆交通要道、历史上不断处于大国争霸的角逐场。因此，中亚地区城市稀少，近200年来随着附近占支配地位的大国的衰落而衰落。 </p><p>中亚的游牧民族与周边的游牧民族长期冲突不断。游牧民族的生活方式显然更适合战争，草原骑兵可以说是当时世界上最强大的军事单位，但他们的国家形式往往受到生产力不足、低水平手工业和农业的遏制，导致其一旦超出土地承载力，就会展开对周边富庶民族的劫掠，成为动荡之源。历史上，不断有被中国击溃的北亚游牧民族穿越中亚的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="丝绸之路">丝绸之路</a>走向更靠西的草原，也不断有强盛起来的阿拉伯民族、俄罗斯民族、西欧民族试图通过控制中亚地区来控制整个亚洲大陆的贸易利润，直到近现代海洋贸易和金融霸权的崛起，导致”通过战争来改变一个国家，这在现代已经不可能了“<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。也有观点认为，游牧民族彼此间的战争往往会促进游牧民族的内在统一，从而周期性地产生伟大领袖来统一领导所有部落，形成一股强大的近乎不可阻挡的力量，诸如北亚的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6" title="柔然">柔然</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="突厥汗国">突厥汗国</a>以及几乎征服整个<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" class="mw-redirect" title="欧亚大陆">欧亚大陆</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古帝国">蒙古帝国</a>】的<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Men_from_Khiva.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Men_from_Khiva.JPG/154px-Men_from_Khiva.JPG" decoding="async" width="154" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Men_from_Khiva.JPG/231px-Men_from_Khiva.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Men_from_Khiva.JPG/308px-Men_from_Khiva.JPG 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>来自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%93%A6%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="希瓦汗国">希瓦汗国</a>的乌兹别克人</figcaption></figure> <p>在前伊斯兰化时期和突厥化早期，中亚南部主要居住着使用<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="伊朗语">伊朗语</a>的族群<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在这些古代的伊朗定居民族中，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="粟特人">粟特人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%89%8C%E5%AD%90%E6%A8%A1" title="花剌子模">花剌子模人</a>扮演者重要的角色；而<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%B3%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="斯基泰人">斯基泰人</a>和之后兴起的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="阿兰人">阿兰人</a>则过着半游牧的生活。到了公元5世纪，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="突厥人">突厥人</a>开始进入中亚地区，这样的迁徙一直持续到了公元10世纪。而在13世纪到14世纪间，蒙古人入侵中亚，几乎整个中亚都成了<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%9F%E5%90%88%E5%8F%B0%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="察合台汗国">察合台汗国</a>的领土。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle.jpg/190px-SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle.jpg/285px-SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle.jpg/380px-SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2841" data-file-height="1855" /></a><figcaption>一位哈萨克骑手，肩上站着一只金雕</figcaption></figure> <p>到了16世纪，游牧民族在中亚的优势终结了，火器的大规模发展让定居民族取得了支配权。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>以及其他强大的帝国逐步扩张，到19世纪末，已经占领了中亚大部分土地。俄国<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="十月革命">十月革命</a>之后，中亚西部成了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>的一部分；而东部则成了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中华民国">中华民国</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%9C%81_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="新疆省 (中華民國)">新疆省</a>，1949年之后属于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>，1955年建立了<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆维吾尔族自治区">新疆维吾尔族自治区</a>。蒙古独立建国，但却成了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%9B%BD" title="卫星国">卫星国</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>则是一个深受苏联影响的国家，并在1979年遭到苏军<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" class="mw-redirect" title="苏联入侵阿富汗">入侵</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>所控制的中亚地区开展了工业化和城市化的进程，但同时也伴随着对本地文化的压制，并带来环境问题。成百上千的中亚居民在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%9B%86%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96" title="苏联农业集体化">农业集体化运动</a>中丧生，由此造成了长期的民族关系紧张。此外，苏联的<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%BD%89%E7%A7%BB" title="蘇聯的人口轉移">民族安置政策</a>将成百万的人口迁入<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="西伯利亚">西伯利亚</a>和中亚，有时甚至是整个民族的迁移<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。按照 Touraj Atabaki 和 Sanjyot Mehendale 在2005年出版的《Central Asia and the Caucasus: transnationalism and diaspora》一书的说法，在1959年至1970年间，有两百万来自苏联各地的人口被迁入中亚，其中一百万进入<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="苏联解体">苏联解体</a>后，中亚五国获得独立。但在独立后的早期，前<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="共产党">共产党</a>官员依然掌握着权力，其中的任何一个国家都难以称得上是一个民族国家。但是在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古国</a>，官方采取了一些开明政策；而在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克斯坦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a>，政府依然维持着<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83" title="苏维埃">苏维埃</a>体制<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗教"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>宗教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：宗教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>是中亚五国、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆维吾尔族自治区">中国新疆</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="巴什科尔托斯坦共和国">巴什科尔托</a>这样的外围地区都是最主要的宗教。中亚的大部分<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>都属于<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8A%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="逊尼派">逊尼派</a>，但在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦</a>也居住者相当一部分<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派穆斯林</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%90%E7%BD%97%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="琐罗亚斯德教">琐罗亚斯德教</a>大约在公元前6世纪中期，<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%A3%E7%BE%85%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="瑣羅亞斯德">瑣羅亞斯德</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="伊朗高原">伊朗高原</a>西北隅开始了其先知的传道生涯，<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%90%E7%BD%97%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="琐罗亚斯德教">琐罗亚斯德教</a>在伊斯兰化之前是中亚最主要的宗教，至今在中亚仍有重要影响。例如中亚五国都会庆祝的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E5%90%BE%E8%82%89%E5%AD%9C%E8%8A%82" title="纳吾肉孜节">纳吾肉孜节</a>最初即是<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%90%E7%BD%97%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="琐罗亚斯德教">琐罗亚斯德教</a>的节日。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%8C%96" title="伊斯兰化">伊斯兰化</a>之前，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>也在中亚具有很大影响，正是横穿中亚的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="丝绸之路">丝绸之路</a>把<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>带到了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>。而在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="突厥人">突厥人</a>中间，伊斯兰化之前都有<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BE%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C" title="腾格里">腾格里信仰</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏">西藏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古">蒙古</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="拉达克">拉达克</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="藏传佛教">藏传佛教</a>占据主要地位。而在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="西伯利亚">西伯利亚</a>南部仍存在着<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" title="萨满教">萨满教</a>。此外，<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家思想</a>则随着<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">汉族</a>的迁徙而传播。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E6%95%99" title="景教">景教</a>是基督教进入中亚后形成的一个新的教派，其教义是如今的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="俄罗斯正教会">俄罗斯正教会</a>的主要来源，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>信徒众多。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克斯坦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦</a>曾经居住着相当数量的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">布哈拉犹太人</a>，但随着<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="苏联解体">苏联解体</a>几乎已经全部移居国外了。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="艺术"><span id=".E8.89.BA.E6.9C.AF"></span>艺术</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：艺术"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中亞有一種至少一千年歷史的即興口述詩歌。這種詩歌一般是由吉爾吉斯和哈薩克斯坦的即興詩人<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%82%AF" title="阿肯">阿肯</a>配以一種弦樂器唱出，即吉爾吉斯的<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E4%B8%8D%E6%80%9D" title="火不思">火不思</a>或哈薩克斯坦的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E4%B8%8D%E6%8B%89" title="冬不拉">冬不拉</a>。這種傳統源自早期的吟遊詩人和口述史學家。一部分中亞人學習吟唱瑪納斯史詩（Manas）。瑪納斯是吉爾吉斯族的英雄史詩，專門學習瑪納斯但不會即興吟唱的人則稱為 Manaschis。在蘇聯時代，阿肯的演奏受到蘇維埃官方同化為政治宣傳工具，其受歡迎程度曾一度因此而下降。雖然仍然<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Template:Clarify" title="Template:Clarify"><span title="語句需要進一步釐清">為何？</span></a>]</sup>被政治家利用作宣傳工具，阿肯演奏在蘇聯解體<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Template:Clarify" title="Template:Clarify"><span title="語句需要進一步釐清">為何？</span></a>]</sup>後再次受到歡迎。2005年華盛頓郵報文章曾指出阿肯即興詩歌與現代西方饒舌的相似之處。<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> </p><p>中亞的攝影在一八八二年<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="俄羅斯門諾派教徒">俄羅斯門諾派教徒</a> Wilhelm Penner 隨門諾派移民潮移居<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%93%A6%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="希瓦汗國">希瓦汗國</a>後開始發展。在 Penner 到達希瓦汗國後他與當地一名學生 Khudaybergen Divanov 分享他的攝影技術。Khudaybergen Divanov 後來成為烏茲別克攝影術的創立者。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="国情简介"><span id=".E5.9B.BD.E6.83.85.E7.AE.80.E4.BB.8B"></span>国情简介</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：国情简介"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦共和国</a></b> </th> <th><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯共和国</a></b> </th> <th><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克斯坦共和国</a></b> </th> <th><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦共和国</a></b> </th> <th><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>国徽</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_(1992-2014).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/130px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/195px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/260px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="2008" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Uzbekistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Emblem_of_Uzbekistan.svg/130px-Emblem_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Emblem_of_Uzbekistan.svg/195px-Emblem_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Emblem_of_Uzbekistan.svg/260px-Emblem_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="519" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Tajikistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emblem_of_Tajikistan.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emblem_of_Tajikistan.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emblem_of_Tajikistan.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="664" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg/130px-Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg/195px-Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg/260px-Emblem_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>国旗</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦"><img alt="哈萨克斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/120px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/180px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/240px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦"><img alt="吉尔吉斯斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/120px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/180px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/240px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦"><img alt="乌兹别克斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/120px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/180px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/240px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦"><img alt="塔吉克斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/120px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/180px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/240px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦"><img alt="土库曼斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/120px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/180px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/240px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>地图</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazakhstan_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kazakhstan_in_its_region.svg/220px-Kazakhstan_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kazakhstan_in_its_region.svg/330px-Kazakhstan_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kazakhstan_in_its_region.svg/440px-Kazakhstan_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyrgyzstan_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kyrgyzstan_in_its_region.svg/220px-Kyrgyzstan_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kyrgyzstan_in_its_region.svg/330px-Kyrgyzstan_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kyrgyzstan_in_its_region.svg/440px-Kyrgyzstan_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="228" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uzbekistan_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Uzbekistan_in_its_region.svg/220px-Uzbekistan_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Uzbekistan_in_its_region.svg/330px-Uzbekistan_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Uzbekistan_in_its_region.svg/440px-Uzbekistan_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="260" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tajikistan_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tajikistan_in_its_region.svg/220px-Tajikistan_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tajikistan_in_its_region.svg/330px-Tajikistan_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tajikistan_in_its_region.svg/440px-Tajikistan_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="233" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkmenistan_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Turkmenistan_in_its_region.svg/220px-Turkmenistan_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Turkmenistan_in_its_region.svg/330px-Turkmenistan_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Turkmenistan_in_its_region.svg/440px-Turkmenistan_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="260" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="国家人口列表">人口</a></b> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7007187767070000000♠</span>18<span style="margin-left:.25em;">776</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">707</span></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7006652419500000000♠</span>6<span style="margin-left:.25em;">524</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">195</span></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7007334692030000000♠</span>33<span style="margin-left:.25em;">469</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">203</span></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7006953764500000000♠</span>9<span style="margin-left:.25em;">537</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">645</span></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7006603120000000000♠</span>6<span style="margin-left:.25em;">031</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">200</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="国家面积列表">面积</a></b> </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">2<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">724</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">900</span></span> km<sup>2</sup>（<span style="white-space: nowrap">1<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">052</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">100</span></span> sq mi） </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">199<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">900</span></span> km<sup>2</sup>（<span style="white-space: nowrap">77<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">200</span></span> sq mi） </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">447<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">400</span></span> km<sup>2</sup>（<span style="white-space: nowrap">172<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">700</span></span> sq mi） </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">143<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">100</span></span> km<sup>2</sup>（<span style="white-space: nowrap">55<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">300</span></span> sq mi） </td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">488<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">100</span></span> km<sup>2</sup>（<span style="white-space: nowrap">188<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">500</span></span> sq mi） </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="国家人口密度列表">人口密度</a></b> </td> <td>6.9/km<sup>2</sup> (17.8/sq mi) </td> <td>32.6/km<sup>2</sup> (84.5/sq mi) </td> <td>74.8/km<sup>2</sup> (193.8/sq mi) </td> <td>66.7/km<sup>2</sup> (172.5/sq mi) </td> <td>12.4/km<sup>2</sup> (32/sq mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="时区列表">时区</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:00" title="UTC+05:00">UTC+05:00</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="哈萨克斯坦标准时间">哈萨克斯坦标准时间</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:00" title="UTC+05:00">UTC+05:00</a><br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="吉尔吉斯斯坦标准时间" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kyrgyzstan Time"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦标准时间（页面不存在）">吉尔吉斯斯坦标准时间</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_Time" class="extiw" title="en:Kyrgyzstan Time"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kyrgyzstan Time</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:00" title="UTC+05:00">UTC+05:00</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="乌兹别克斯坦标准时间">乌兹别克斯坦标准时间</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:00" title="UTC+05:00">UTC+05:00</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="塔吉克斯坦标准时间">塔吉克斯坦标准时间</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:00" title="UTC+05:00">UTC+05:00</a><br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土库曼斯坦标准时间" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Time in Turkmenistan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土库曼斯坦标准时间（页面不存在）">土库曼斯坦标准时间</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Turkmenistan" class="extiw" title="en:Time in Turkmenistan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Time in Turkmenistan</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>首都</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%BA%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="阿斯塔纳">阿斯塔纳</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BB%80%E5%87%AF%E5%85%8B" title="比什凯克">比什凯克</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E4%BB%80%E5%B9%B2" title="塔什干">塔什干</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%B0%9A%E5%88%AB" title="杜尚别">杜尚别</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%80%E5%93%88%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7" title="阿什哈巴德">阿什哈巴德</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>最大城市</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%9C%A8%E5%9B%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉木图">阿拉木图</a> </td> <td>比什凯克 </td> <td>塔什干 </td> <td>杜尚别 </td> <td>阿什哈巴德 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>政体</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" title="单一制">单一制</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="总统制">总统制</a><br />共和国 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" title="单一制">单一制</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="议会制">议会制</a><br />共和国 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" title="单一制">单一制</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="总统制">总统制</a><br />共和国 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" title="单一制">单一制</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="总统制">总统制</a><br />共和国 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" title="单一制">单一制</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="总统制">总统制</a><br />共和国 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="国家元首">国家元首</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="哈萨克斯坦总统">哈萨克斯坦总统</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦总统">吉尔吉斯斯坦总统</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="乌兹别克斯坦总统">乌兹别克斯坦总统</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="塔吉克斯坦总统">塔吉克斯坦总统</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="土库曼斯坦总统">土库曼斯坦总统</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91" title="政府首脑">政府首脑</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="哈萨克斯坦总理">哈萨克斯坦总理</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦总理">吉尔吉斯斯坦总理</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="乌兹别克斯坦总理">乌兹别克斯坦总理</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="塔吉克斯坦总理">塔吉克斯坦总理</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="土库曼斯坦总统">土库曼斯坦总统</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="国会">国会</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="哈萨克斯坦议会">哈萨克斯坦议会</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦议会">吉尔吉斯斯坦议会</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="乌兹别克斯坦议会">乌兹别克斯坦议会</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="塔吉克斯坦议会">塔吉克斯坦议会</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="土库曼斯坦议会">土库曼斯坦议会</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="货币">货币</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9D%9A%E6%88%88" title="哈萨克斯坦坚戈">哈萨克斯坦坚戈</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%B4%A2%E5%A7%86" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦索姆">吉尔吉斯斯坦索姆</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%B4%A2%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="乌兹别克斯坦索姆">乌兹别克斯坦索姆</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%B4%A2%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%BC" title="塔吉克斯坦索莫尼">塔吉克斯坦索莫尼</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%B3%E7%89%B9" title="土库曼斯坦马纳特">土库曼斯坦马纳特</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" class="mw-redirect" title="一级行政区划">一级行政区划</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="哈萨克斯坦行政区划">14个州和3个直辖市</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦行政区划">7个州和1个直辖市</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="乌兹别克斯坦行政区划">12个州、1个自治共和国和1个直辖市</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="塔吉克斯坦行政区划">3个州、1个区和1个首都直辖市</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="土库曼斯坦行政区划">5个州和1个直辖市</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>官方语言</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="哈萨克语">哈萨克语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="吉尔吉斯语">吉尔吉斯语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="乌兹别克语">乌兹别克语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="塔吉克语">塔吉克语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="土库曼语">土库曼语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>主要宗教</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>主体民族</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="哈萨克族">哈萨克族</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%97%8F" title="吉尔吉斯族">吉尔吉斯族</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%AD%9C%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%97%8F" title="乌孜别克族">乌孜别克族</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%97%8F" title="塔吉克族">塔吉克族</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%AB%E6%9B%BC%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="土庫曼族">土库曼族</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="傳統中亞地區"><span id=".E5.82.B3.E7.B5.B1.E4.B8.AD.E4.BA.9E.E5.9C.B0.E5.8D.80"></span>傳統中亞地區</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：傳統中亞地區"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><dl><dd><small>注：哈萨克斯坦的部分地区也可划入东欧</small></dd></dl></dd></dl> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ececec;"> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國家">國家</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="国家面积列表">面積</a><br />km² </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="国家人口列表">人口</a><br />（2020年） </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="国家人口密度列表">人口密度</a><br />per km² </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E7%B8%BD%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8C%AF%E7%8E%87)" class="mw-redirect" title="各國國內生產總值列表 (國際匯率)">GDP</a><br />百萬<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>（2019年） </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%B1%87%E7%8E%87)" class="mw-redirect" title="各国人均国内生产总值列表 (国际汇率)">人均GDP</a><br />（2019年） </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都">首都</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">官方语言</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2,724,900 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">18,776,707 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6.90 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">170,326 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">$9,071 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D" title="阿斯塔納">阿斯塔納</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="哈萨克语">哈萨克语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">199,951 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6,524,195 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">32.63 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8,261 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">$1,266 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BB%80%E5%87%AF%E5%85%8B" title="比什凯克">比什凯克</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="吉尔吉斯语">吉尔吉斯语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">143,100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9,537,645 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">66.7 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8,152 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">$855 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%B0%9A%E5%88%AB" title="杜尚别">杜尚别</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="塔吉克语">塔吉克语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">488,100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6,031,200 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12.4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">46,674 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">$7,739 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%80%E5%93%88%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7" title="阿什哈巴德">阿什哈巴德</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="土库曼语">土库曼语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克斯坦</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">447,400 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">33,469,203 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.8 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">60,490 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">$1,807 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E4%BB%80%E5%B9%B2" title="塔什干">塔什干</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="乌兹别克语">乌兹别克语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="擴展中亞地區（廣義）"><span id=".E6.93.B4.E5.B1.95.E4.B8.AD.E4.BA.9E.E5.9C.B0.E5.8D.80.EF.BC.88.E5.BB.A3.E7.BE.A9.EF.BC.89"></span>擴展中亞地區（廣義）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：擴展中亞地區（廣義）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><dl><dd><small>注：以下国家的面积和人口均为全国</small></dd></dl></dd></dl> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ececec;"> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國家">國家</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="地區">地區</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="国家面积列表">面積</a><br />km² </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="国家人口列表">人口</a><br />（2020年） </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="国家人口密度列表">人口密度</a><br />per km² </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都">首都</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">官方语言</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,648,195 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">83,204,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">48 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%BB%91%E5%85%B0" title="德黑兰">德黑兰</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯语">波斯语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">647,500 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">38,928,346 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">60.1 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="喀布尔">喀布尔</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯语">波斯语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中國</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9,596,961 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,439,323,776 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">150 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古国</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,564,116 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3,278,290 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2.10 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%B4%E6%89%98" title="乌兰巴托">乌兰巴托</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="蒙古语">蒙古语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left,"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">796,095 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">220,892,340 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">277.5 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%A0%A1" title="伊斯兰堡">伊斯兰堡</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="乌尔都语">乌尔都语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄羅斯</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">17,098,242 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">145,926,116 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8.53 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科">莫斯科</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a> <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">3,287,263 </td> <td align="center">1,380,004,385 </td> <td align="center">420 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="新德里">新德里</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="乌尔都语">乌尔都语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="印地语">印地语</a>等 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB"></span>政治</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：政治"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>自1991年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="苏联解体">苏联解体</a>后，中亚五国并没有很好的完成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%8C%96" title="民主化">民主转型</a>，特别是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a>更是被称为“中亚北韩”。根据<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="经济学人">经济学人</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="民主指数">民主指数</a>近10年的数据，中亚五国仅<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a>为<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="混合政权" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hybrid regime"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="混合政权（页面不存在）">混合政权</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_regime" class="extiw" title="en:Hybrid regime"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hybrid regime</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>，其余均为专制政权。同样根据<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="自由之家">自由之家</a>各国自由程度近10年的数据，中亚五国仅<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a>为部分自由以上。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人文"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E6.96.87"></span>人文</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：人文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>請參見<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF" title="中亚美术">中亞美術</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-中亚五国的面积之和-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-中亚五国的面积之和_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">该数值为中亚五国的面积之和。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">和布克赛尔县的<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E4%BB%80%E6%89%98%E6%B4%9B%E7%9B%96%E9%95%87" title="和什托洛盖镇">和什托洛盖镇</a>（<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&params=46_34_N_85_58_E_&title=Hoxtolgay"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">46°34′N</span> <span class="longitude">85°58′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">46.567°N 85.967°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.567; 85.967</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Hoxtolgay</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>）在其西北方50公里，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%9C%E7%9B%96%E4%B9%A1" title="夏孜盖乡">夏孜盖乡</a>（<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&params=46_20_N_86_22_E_&title=Xazgat"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">46°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">86°22′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">46.333°N 86.367°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.333; 86.367</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Xazgat</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>）在其西方20公里处，最近的居民点 <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Suluk" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Suluk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suluk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suluk（页面不存在）">Suluk</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suluk" class="extiw" title="en:Suluk"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Suluk</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&params=46_15_N_86_50_E_&title=Suluk"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">46°15′N</span> <span class="longitude">86°50′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">46.250°N 86.833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.250; 86.833</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Suluk</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>）则在其东方10公里处。</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525113916/http://www.silk-road.com/artl/srtravelmain.shtml">Travelers on the Silk Road</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-04-18</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silk-road.com/artl/srtravelmain.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2017-05-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=Travelers+on+the+Silk+Road&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.silk-road.com%2Fartl%2Fsrtravelmain.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Iranica, "CENTRAL ASIA: The Islamic period up to the Mongols", C. Edmund Bosworth: "In early Islamic times Persians tended to identify all the lands to the northeast of Khorasan and lying beyond the Oxus with the region of Turan, which in the Shahnama of Ferdowsi is regarded as the land allotted to Fereydun's son Tur. The denizens of Turan were held to include the Turks, in the first four centuries of Islam essentially those nomadizing beyond the Jaxartes, and behind them the Chinese (see Kowalski; Minorsky, "Turan"). Turan thus became both an ethnic and a diareeah term, but always containing ambiguities and contradictions, arising from the fact that all through Islamic times the lands immediately beyond the Oxus and along its lower reaches were the homes not of Turks but of Iranian peoples, such as the Sogdians and Khwarezmians."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich; Harmatta, János; Litvinsky, B. A.; Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lodSckjlNuMC&pg=PA23">History of Civilizations of Central Asia</a>. Motilal Banarsidass. 1992: 23. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-81-208-1409-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-81-208-1409-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-81-208-1409-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>. <q>The Appearance of the Arabs in Central Asia under the Umayyads and the establishment of Islam", in History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV: The Age of Achievement: AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Part One: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting, edited by M. S. Asimov and C. E. Bosworth. Multiple History Series. Paris: Motilal Banarsidass Publ./UNESCO Publishing, 1999. excerpt from page 23: "Central Asia in the early seventh century, was ethnically, still largely an Iranian land whose people used various Middle Iranian languages.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+Clifford+Edmund&rft.au=Harmatta%2C+J%C3%A1nos&rft.au=Litvinsky%2C+B.+A.&rft.au=Masson%2C+Vadim+Mikha%C4%ADlovich&rft.aufirst=Ahmad+Hasan&rft.aulast=Dani&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1409-7&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlodSckjlNuMC%26pg%3DPA23&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Y_chromosome_sequence_variation_and_the_history_of_human_populations“。_蒙古征服也使得蒙古人南迁到今天阿富汗一代，形成了以[[哈扎拉人]]为主体的民族。目前[[哈扎拉人]]可能占阿富汗总人口的9%。_从17世纪开始到20世纪，中亚大部分地区成了[[俄罗斯帝国]]以及随后的[[苏联]]的领土，大量的斯拉夫人开始迁移到哈萨克和吉尔吉斯。苏联解体后，哈萨克和吉尔吉斯的斯拉夫人开始大规模迁移回俄罗斯，导致哈萨克和吉尔吉斯的俄罗斯族人口比例大大下滑。比如说中亚最大的国家哈萨克斯坦，在苏联解体前，哈萨克的民族人口比例为俄罗斯族占哈萨克总人口的37%，哈萨克族占哈萨克斯坦总人口的39%。但是自从苏联解体后，由于哈萨克斯坦的俄罗斯族大量迁移到俄罗斯以及哈萨克斯坦的俄罗斯族的生育率低下，加上海外很多哈萨克族迁移到哈萨克，导致今天哈萨克的民族人口比例为俄罗斯族占哈萨克总人口的21%，而哈萨克族则占哈萨克总人口的65%。<ref-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Y_chromosome_sequence_variation_and_the_history_of_human_populations“。_蒙古征服也使得蒙古人南迁到今天阿富汗一代，形成了以[[哈扎拉人]]为主体的民族。目前[[哈扎拉人]]可能占阿富汗总人口的9%。_从17世纪开始到20世纪，中亚大部分地区成了[[俄罗斯帝国]]以及随后的[[苏联]]的领土，大量的斯拉夫人开始迁移到哈萨克和吉尔吉斯。苏联解体后，哈萨克和吉尔吉斯的斯拉夫人开始大规模迁移回俄罗斯，导致哈萨克和吉尔吉斯的俄罗斯族人口比例大大下滑。比如说中亚最大的国家哈萨克斯坦，在苏联解体前，哈萨克的民族人口比例为俄罗斯族占哈萨克总人口的37%，哈萨克族占哈萨克斯坦总人口的39%。但是自从苏联解体后，由于哈萨克斯坦的俄罗斯族大量迁移到俄罗斯以及哈萨克斯坦的俄罗斯族的生育率低下，加上海外很多哈萨克族迁移到哈萨克，导致今天哈萨克的民族人口比例为俄罗斯族占哈萨克总人口的21%，而哈萨克族则占哈萨克总人口的65%。<ref_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php">Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей.</a>. www.demoscope.ru. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215055302/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php">存档</a>于2020-02-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF+Weekly+-+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.+%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9.&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.demoscope.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Fsng_nac_89.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090206105009/http://www.stat.kg/stat.files/din.files/census/5010003.pdf">存档副本</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-01-17</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.kg/stat.files/din.files/census/5010003.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2009-02-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.kg%2Fstat.files%2Fdin.files%2Fcensus%2F5010003.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0191/analit05.php">Итоги переписи населения Таджикистана 2000 года: национальный, возрастной, половой, семейный и образовательный составы</a>. www.demoscope.ru. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807010258/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0191/analit05.php">存档</a>于2011-08-07）.</cite><span 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.msn.com/map.aspx?&lats1=46.283333&lons1=86.666667&alts1=200&regn1=2">Map of the region around the Continental Pole of Inaccessibility, showing relative locations of Hoxtolgay, Xazgat and Suluk, from MSN Maps</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2019年11月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Garcia-Castellanos, Daniel; Lombardo, Umberto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14702540801897809">Poles of inaccessibility: A calculation algorithm for the remotest places on earth</a>. Scottish Geographical Journal. 2007-09, <b>123</b> (3) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-02</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1470-2541"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1470-2541</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14702540801897809"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1080/14702540801897809</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220808113205/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14702540801897809">存档</a>于2022-08-08） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Poles+of+inaccessibility%3A+A+calculation+algorithm+for+the+remotest+places+on+earth&rft.au=Lombardo%2C+Umberto&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.aulast=Garcia-Castellanos&rft.date=2007-09&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1470-2541&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Scottish+Geographical+Journal&rft.volume=123&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F14702540801897809&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14702540801897809&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">美国总统拜登2022年5月评论关于”阿富汗撤军“</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080423014420/http://www.sfusd.k12.ca.us/schwww/sch618/Ibn_Battuta/Battuta%27s_Trip_Three.html">A Land Conquered by the Mongols</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-04-24</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfusd.k12.ca.us/schwww/sch618/Ibn_Battuta/Battuta's_Trip_Three.html">原始内容</a>存档于2008-04-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=A+Land+Conquered+by+the+Mongols&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfusd.k12.ca.us%2Fschwww%2Fsch618%2FIbn_Battuta%2FBattuta%27s_Trip_Three.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.E. 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Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 1998. excerpt from page 23: "Central Asia in the early seventh century, was ethnically, still largely an Iranian land whose people used various Middle Iranian languages.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819192346/http://www.faqs.org/minorities/USSR/Deported-Nationalities.html">Deported Nationalities</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-04-25</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faqs.org/minorities/USSR/Deported-Nationalities.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-08-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=Deported+Nationalities&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faqs.org%2Fminorities%2FUSSR%2FDeported-Nationalities.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013124127/http://anneapplebaum.com/gulag/intro.html">Anne Applebaum – Gulag: A History Intro</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-04-25</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anneapplebaum.com/gulag/intro.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-10-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=Anne+Applebaum+%E2%80%93+Gulag%3A+A+History+Intro&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anneapplebaum.com%2Fgulag%2Fintro.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Atabaki, Touraj; Mehendale, Sanjyot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zwKBZmpBo5YC&pg=PA66">Central Asia and the Caucasus: Transnationalism and Diaspora</a>. Routledge. 2005: 66 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-02</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-33260-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-33260-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-415-33260-6</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410131014/https://books.google.com/books?id=zwKBZmpBo5YC&pg=PA66">存档</a>于2023-04-10） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&rft.au=Mehendale%2C+Sanjyot&rft.aufirst=Touraj&rft.aulast=Atabaki&rft.btitle=Central+Asia+and+the+Caucasus%3A+Transnationalism+and+Diaspora&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-415-33260-6&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzwKBZmpBo5YC%26pg%3DPA66&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eiu.com//public/topical_report.aspx?campaignid=DemocracyIndex2011">Democracy Index 2011</a>. Economist Intelligence Unit. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-05-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307135720/http://www.eiu.com/public/topical_report.aspx?campaignid=DemocracyIndex2011">存档</a>于2012-03-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Democracy+Index+2011&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Economist+Intelligence+Unit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eiu.com%2F%2Fpublic%2Ftopical_report.aspx%3Fcampaignid%3DDemocracyIndex2011&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">«In Central Asia, a Revival of an Ancient Form of Rap - Art of Ad-Libbing Oral History Draws New Devotees in Post-Communist Era» by Peter Finn, Washington Post Foreign Service, Sunday, March 6, 2005, p. A20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ihcn.in/leh/leh/242-historical-context.html">UNESCO IHCN</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-04-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320081715/http://www.ihcn.in/leh/leh/242-historical-context.html">存档</a>于2012-03-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=UNESCO+IHCN&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihcn.in%2Fleh%2Fleh%2F242-historical-context.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>期刊文章</dt></dl> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Klein, Igor; Gessner, Ursula; Kuenzer, Claudia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143622812000720">Regional land cover mapping and change detection in Central Asia using MODIS time-series</a>. Applied Geography. 2012-11-01, <b>35</b> (1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0143-6228"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0143-6228</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.apgeog.2012.06.016"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.06.016</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Regional+land+cover+mapping+and+change+detection+in+Central+Asia+using+MODIS+time-series&rft.au=Gessner%2C+Ursula&rft.au=Kuenzer%2C+Claudia&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0143-6228&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geography&rft.volume=35&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0143622812000720&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.apgeog.2012.06.016&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/zh/item/11743/">中亚总地图：一</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201108114015/http://www.wdl.org/zh/item/11743/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="西域">西域</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E2%80%94%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A%E5%B3%B0%E4%BC%9A" title="中国—中亚峰会">中国—中亚峰会</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韩国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝">老挝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8" title="缅甸">缅甸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%8E%B1" title="汶莱">文莱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律宾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6" title="东帝汶">东帝汶</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="南亚">南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD" title="孟加拉国">孟加拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里蘭卡">斯里蘭卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹">不丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AB" title="马尔代夫">马尔代夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">中亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="亞美尼亞">亞美尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF" title="南奥塞梯">南奥塞梯</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E8%8C%B2" title="阿布哈茲">阿布哈茲</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯">沙特阿拉伯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97" title="巴林">巴林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="卡塔尔">卡塔尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯联合酋长国">阿拉伯联合酋长国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC" title="阿曼">阿曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8" title="也门">也门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9" title="科威特">科威特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="伊拉克">伊拉克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="巴勒斯坦國">巴勒斯坦</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="北賽普勒斯">北賽普勒斯</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="北亚">北亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">海外<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" title="属地">屬地</a>與<br />其他特殊政區</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E6%8F%90%E5%88%A9%E8%88%87%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%B1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="亞克羅提利與德凱利亞">阿克罗蒂里和泽凯利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="英屬印度洋領地">英屬印度洋領地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%AF%9E%E5%B2%9B" title="圣诞岛">圣诞岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%EF%BC%88%E5%9F%BA%E6%9E%97%EF%BC%89%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="科科斯（基林）群島">科科斯（基林）群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">註1：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="有限承认国家">未受国际普遍承认国家</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="世界政區索引">世界政區索引</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" title="南极洲">南极洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首都列表">各国首都列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="世界分區" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: khaki;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="Template:世界分区"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="Template talk:世界分区"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:世界分区"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="世界分區" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="世界">世界</a>分區</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EEEEEE"><div>参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="联合国地理区划列表">联合国地理区划</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"><div> <table align="center" style="padding-left: 6%; padding-right: 2%; background: transparent;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <td width="56px"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationAsia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/60px-LocationAsia.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/90px-LocationAsia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/120px-LocationAsia.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="64px"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">东亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="南亚">南亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">中亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚／西南亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="北亚">北亚／西伯利亞</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东北亚">东北亚</a><br /> <b>其他</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東">近東</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C" title="中东">中东</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E6%9D%B1" title="遠東">遠東</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E5%B3%B6%E5%BC%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞島弧">東亞島弧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="東印度">東印度</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%AC%A1%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="印度次大陸">印度次大陸</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationAfrica.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/60px-LocationAfrica.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/90px-LocationAfrica.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/120px-LocationAfrica.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b>文化地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">阿拉伯非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="撒哈拉以南非洲">漠南非洲</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁非洲">拉丁非洲</a>）<br /> <b>自然地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">北部非洲／撒哈拉以北非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="撒哈拉以南非洲">撒哈拉以南非洲</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E" title="东非">东部非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="中部非洲">中部非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E" title="西非">西部非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="南部非洲">南部非洲</a>）<br /> <b>其他</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E4%B9%8B%E8%A7%92" title="非洲之角">东北非洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="西北非洲">西北非洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="大中东地区">大中东地区</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationEurope.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/60px-LocationEurope.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/90px-LocationEurope.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/120px-LocationEurope.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b>自然地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">东欧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西欧">西欧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="南欧">南欧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a><br /><b>其他</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="中东欧">中东欧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="东南欧">东南欧</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="巴尔干半岛">巴爾幹地區</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">欧俄</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationAmericas.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LocationAmericas.png/60px-LocationAmericas.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LocationAmericas.png/90px-LocationAmericas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LocationAmericas.png/120px-LocationAmericas.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b>自然地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="南美洲">南美洲</a><br /><b>政治地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="北美地区">北美</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁美洲">拉丁美洲</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="中美 (政治地理学)">中美</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中美洲">中美洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="加勒比地区">加勒比地区</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="南美洲">南美</a>）<br /><b>文化地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="盎格鲁美洲">盎格鲁美洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁美洲">拉丁美洲</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法蘭西美洲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French America"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法蘭西美洲（页面不存在）">法蘭西美洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_America" class="extiw" title="en:French America"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French America</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="伊比利亚美洲">伊比利亚美洲</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="西班牙美洲">西班牙美洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葡萄牙美洲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Portuguese America"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡萄牙美洲（页面不存在）">葡萄牙美洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_America" class="extiw" title="en:Portuguese America"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Portuguese America</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>））<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中部美洲">中部美洲</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationOceania.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/LocationOceania.png/60px-LocationOceania.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/LocationOceania.png/90px-LocationOceania.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/LocationOceania.png/120px-LocationOceania.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="澳大利亞洲">澳洲</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="澳大拉西亞">澳大拉西亞</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="美拉尼西亚">美拉尼西亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B2%9B%E7%BE%A4" title="密克罗尼西亚岛群">密克罗尼西亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="玻里尼西亞">波利尼西亚</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"><div> <table align="center" style="padding-right:4%; background:transparent;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <td width="56px"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationPolarRegions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LocationPolarRegions.png/60px-LocationPolarRegions.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LocationPolarRegions.png/90px-LocationPolarRegions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LocationPolarRegions.png/120px-LocationPolarRegions.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="64px"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%B0" title="極地">極地</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="北极地区">北极地方</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" title="南极洲">南极洲／南极地方</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p><b>其他</b><br />  </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="環太平洋地區">環太平洋地區</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%AA%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="亚太地区">亚太地区</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%A4%AA%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="印太地区">印太地区</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="獨立國家聯合體">獨立國家國協地區</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="阿拉伯世界">阿拉伯地區</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="Template:地中海">環地中海地區</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索">高加索地區</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationOceans.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/60px-LocationOceans.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/90px-LocationOceans.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/120px-LocationOceans.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B" title="洋">大洋</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%B4%8B" title="世界洋">世界洋</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B" title="印度洋">印度洋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋">北冰洋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="南冰洋">南冰洋</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MonthlyMeanT.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif/60px-MonthlyMeanT.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif/90px-MonthlyMeanT.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif/120px-MonthlyMeanT.gif 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候">氣候區</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6" title="热带">热带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%97%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="熱帶雨林氣候">熱帶雨林</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E4%B9%BE%E6%BF%95%E5%AD%A3%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="熱帶乾濕季氣候">熱帶莽原</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E4%B9%BE%E6%BF%95%E5%AD%A3%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="熱帶乾濕季氣候">熱帶草原</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="热带干旱半干旱气候">熱帶沙漠</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="热带季风气候">熱帶季風</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6" title="亚热带">亚热带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E6%B9%BF%E6%B6%A6%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="副热带湿润气候">副熱帶濕潤／夏雨型暖濕</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="亚热带季风气候">副熱帶季風</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%BC%8F%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="地中海式气候">地中海</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6" title="温带">温带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带海洋性气候">溫帶海洋性</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="温带大陆性气候">溫帶大陸性</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带干旱半干旱气候">溫帶草原</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带干旱半干旱气候">溫帶沙漠</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带季风气候">溫帶季風</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="副极地气候">亚寒带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="副极地气候">副極地氣候</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E5%B8%A6" title="寒带">寒带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E5%B8%A6" title="寒带">極地氣候</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%94%E5%8E%9F%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="苔原气候">苔原气候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E5%86%B0%E5%8E%9F%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="极地冰原气候">冰原氣候</a>） <br /> <b>其他</b>： <a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="高原山地气候">高山气候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丘陵氣候（页面不存在）">丘陵氣候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平原氣候（页面不存在）">平原氣候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盆地氣候（页面不存在）">盆地氣候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="臺地氣候（页面不存在）">臺地氣候</a><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecozones.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ecozones.svg/60px-Ecozones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ecozones.svg/90px-Ecozones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ecozones.svg/120px-Ecozones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%8C%BA" title="生物地理分布区">生物分布區</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%97%E7%95%8C" title="新北界">新北界</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8C%97%E7%95%8C" title="古北界">古北界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E7%95%8C" title="舊熱帶界">舊熱帶界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B4%8B%E7%95%8C" title="东洋界">东洋界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%96%B0%E7%95%8C" title="澳新界">澳新界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E7%95%8C" title="新热带界">新热带界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E7%95%8C" title="南极界">南极界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大洋界" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Oceanian realm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大洋界（页面不存在）">大洋界</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanian_realm" class="extiw" title="en:Oceanian realm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Oceanian realm</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: khaki;"><div>另见：<b><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B4%B2" title="Template:洲">世界七大洲</a></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%93%E9%A2%98" title="Template:世界主义和世界政府专题">世界主義和世界政府</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27275#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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