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<span>First Temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Second Temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Al-Aqsa_and_the_Third_Temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Al-Aqsa_and_the_Third_Temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Al-Aqsa and the Third Temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Al-Aqsa_and_the_Third_Temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeological_evidence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_evidence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Archaeological evidence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_evidence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_layout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_layout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Physical layout</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Physical_layout-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Physical layout subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Physical_layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Temple_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Temple_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>First Temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Temple_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Temple_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Temple_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Second Temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Temple_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temple_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temple_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Temple services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temple_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_Talmud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Talmud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In the Talmud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Talmud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_contemporary_Jewish_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_contemporary_Jewish_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Role in contemporary Jewish services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_contemporary_Jewish_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_other_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_other_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>In other religions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_other_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In other religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_other_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_a_Third_Temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_a_Third_Temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Building a Third Temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_a_Third_Temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>In media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Temple in Jerusalem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemer_Tempel" title="Jerusalemer Tempel – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jerusalemer Tempel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="معبد القدس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معبد القدس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%97%DC%9D%DC%9F%DC%A0%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%AB%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%A2" title="ܗܝܟܠܐ ܕܫܠܝܡܘܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܗܝܟܠܐ ܕܫܠܝܡܘܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="বাইতুল মাকদিস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাইতুল মাকদিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Іерусалімскі Храм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іерусалімскі Храм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Йерусалимски храм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йерусалимски храм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templ_Jeruzalem" title="Templ Jeruzalem – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Templ Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_de_Jerusalem" title="Temple de Jerusalem – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Temple de Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzal%C3%A9msk%C3%BD_chr%C3%A1m" title="Jeruzalémský chrám – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jeruzalémský chrám" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Deml_yn_Jeriwsalem" title="Y Deml yn Jeriwsalem – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Deml yn Jeriwsalem" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templet_i_Jerusalem" title="Templet i Jerusalem – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Templet i Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemer_Tempel" title="Jerusalemer Tempel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jerusalemer Tempel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruusalemma_tempel" title="Jeruusalemma tempel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jeruusalemma tempel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n" title="Templo de Jerusalén – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Templo de Jerusalén" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_de_Jerusalemo" title="Templo de Jerusalemo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Templo de Jerusalemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemgo_tenplua" title="Jerusalemgo tenplua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jerusalemgo tenplua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پرستش‌گاه اورشلیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرستش‌گاه اورشلیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_de_J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Temple de Jérusalem – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Temple de Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templi_di_Jerusalem" title="Templi di Jerusalem – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Templi di Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_de_Xerusal%C3%A9n" title="Templo de Xerusalén – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Templo de Xerusalén" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%88%EB%A3%A8%EC%82%B4%EB%A0%98_%EC%84%B1%EC%A0%84" title="예루살렘 성전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="예루살렘 성전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Երուսաղեմի տաճար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երուսաղեմի տաճար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalemski_hram" title="Jeruzalemski hram – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jeruzalemski hram" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bait_Allah_(Yerusalem)" title="Bait Allah (Yerusalem) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bait Allah (Yerusalem)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempio_di_Gerusalemme" title="Tempio di Gerusalemme – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tempio di Gerusalemme" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9" title="בית המקדש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית המקדש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hekalu_la_Yerusalemu" title="Hekalu la Yerusalemu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hekalu la Yerusalemu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet_Amikdash" title="Bet Amikdash – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Bet Amikdash" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templum_Hierosolymitanum" title="Templum Hierosolymitanum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Templum Hierosolymitanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalemes_templis" title="Jeruzalemes templis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jeruzalemes templis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzal%C4%97s_%C5%A1ventykla" title="Jeruzalės šventykla – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jeruzalės šventykla" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzs%C3%A1lemi_templom" title="Jeruzsálemi templom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jeruzsálemi templom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ерусалимски храм – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ерусалимски храм" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempolin%27_i_Jerosalema" title="Tempolin' i Jerosalema – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tempolin' i Jerosalema" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="معبد القدس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معبد القدس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پرستش‌گاه اورشلیم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پرستش‌گاه اورشلیم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuil_Suci" title="Kuil Suci – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuil Suci" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A0-l%C3%B4-s%C3%A1k-l%C4%93ng_Si%C3%B4ng-d%C3%A1%CC%A4-d%C3%A2ing" title="Ià-lô-sák-lēng Siông-dá̤-dâing – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ià-lô-sák-lēng Siông-dá̤-dâing" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joodse_tempel" title="Joodse tempel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joodse tempel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A0%E7%A5%9E%E6%AE%BF" title="エルサレム神殿 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エルサレム神殿" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempelet_i_Jerusalem" title="Tempelet i Jerusalem – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tempelet i Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempelet_i_Jerusalem" title="Tempelet i Jerusalem – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tempelet i Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Temple de Jerusalèm – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Temple de Jerusalèm" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF" title="د بیت المقدس معبد – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د بیت المقدس معبد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%85tynia_Jerozolimska" title="Świątynia Jerozolimska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Świątynia Jerozolimska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_de_Jerusal%C3%A9m" title="Templo de Jerusalém – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Templo de Jerusalém" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Иерусалимский храм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иерусалимский храм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempulli_i_Jeruzalemit" title="Tempulli i Jeruzalemit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tempulli i Jeruzalemit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA" title="ජෙරුසෙලෙමෙහි දේවමාළිගය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජෙරුසෙලෙමෙහි දේවමාළිගය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Temple in Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalemsk%C3%BD_chr%C3%A1m" title="Jeruzalemský chrám – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jeruzalemský chrám" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalimski_hram" title="Jerusalimski hram – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Jerusalimski hram" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalemski_Hram" title="Jeruzalemski Hram – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jeruzalemski Hram" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemin_temppeli" title="Jerusalemin temppeli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jerusalemin temppeli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalems_tempel" title="Jerusalems tempel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jerusalems tempel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_sa_Herusalem" title="Templo sa Herusalem – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Templo sa Herusalem" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எருசலேம் கோவில் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எருசலேம் கோவில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1" title="พระวิหารในกรุงเยรูซาเลม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระวิหารในกรุงเยรูซาเลม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kud%C3%BCs_Tap%C4%B1na%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kudüs Tapınağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kudüs Tapınağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Єрусалимський храм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Єрусалимський храм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="بیت المقدس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بیت المقدس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%81n_th%E1%BB%9D_Jerusalem" title="Đền thờ Jerusalem – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đền thờ Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruusalemm%C3%A4_templi" title="Jeruusalemmä templi – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jeruusalemmä templi" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timpe_di_Djeruzalem" title="Timpe di Djeruzalem – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Timpe di Djeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templo_ha_Jerusalen" title="Templo ha Jerusalen – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Templo ha Jerusalen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷圣殿 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="耶路撒冷圣殿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9" title="בית המקדש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בית המקדש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷聖殿 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="耶路撒冷聖殿" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷聖殿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="耶路撒冷聖殿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3906600#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former places of Israelite and Jewish worship</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Jerusalem" title="Category:Jerusalem">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg/200px-%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg/300px-%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg/400px-%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="1410" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem" title="History of Jerusalem">History</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jerusalem" title="Timeline of Jerusalem">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(historic)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of David (historic)">City of David</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1000 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_during_the_Second_Temple_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period">Second Temple Period</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 538 BCE–70 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Aelia_Capitolina" title="Aelia Capitolina">Aelia Capitolina</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 130–325 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_during_the_Byzantine_period" title="Jerusalem during the Byzantine period">Byzantine</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 325–638 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Early_Muslim_period" title="History of Jerusalem during the Early Muslim period">Early Muslim</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 638–1099</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem">Crusader</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1099–1187</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Jerusalem" title="Medieval Jerusalem">Late Medieval</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1187–1517</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem" title="Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem">Ottoman</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1517–1917</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1917–1948</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Modern period <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_annexation_of_East_Jerusalem" title="Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem">Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem</a>)</li></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1948-</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Sieges</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Before Common Era</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_siege_of_Jerusalem" title="Assyrian siege of Jerusalem">701 BCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(597_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC)">597 BCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">587 BCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(63_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC)">63 BCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(37_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (37 BC)">37 BCE</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Common Era</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_conquest_of_Jerusalem" title="Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem">614</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(636%E2%80%93637)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)">637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1099)">1099</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">1187</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1244)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1244)">1244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1834)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1834)">1834</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jerusalem" title="Battle of Jerusalem">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Jerusalem" title="Battle for Jerusalem">1948</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Jerusalem" title="List of places in Jerusalem">Places</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogues_of_Jerusalem" title="Synagogues of Jerusalem">Synagogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Jerusalem" title="List of mosques in Jerusalem">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Biblical_Zoo" title="Jerusalem Biblical Zoo">Biblical Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Lazarus" title="Tomb of Lazarus">Tomb of Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_University" title="Al-Quds University">Al-Quds University</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Jerusalem" title="List of people from Jerusalem">People</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Jerusalem" title="Demographic history of Jerusalem">Demographic history</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Jerusalem" title="Mayor of Jerusalem">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbi_of_Jerusalem" title="Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem">Chief Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti_of_Jerusalem" title="Grand Mufti of Jerusalem">Grand Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" title="King of Jerusalem">Crusader kings</a></li></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Political status</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_significance_of_Jerusalem" title="Religious significance of Jerusalem">Religious significance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem in Islam">Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Day" title="Jerusalem Day">Jerusalem Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quds_Day" title="Quds Day">Quds Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaization_of_Jerusalem" title="Judaization of Jerusalem">Judaization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Jerusalem" title="Islamization of Jerusalem">Islamization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">US recognition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Other topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Jerusalem" title="Names of Jerusalem">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of Jerusalem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Municipality" title="Jerusalem Municipality">Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Jerusalem" title="Greater Jerusalem">Greater Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Jerusalem" title="Cuisine of Jerusalem">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Line_(Jerusalem)" title="City Line (Jerusalem)">City Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Jerusalem" title="Transport in Jerusalem">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Jerusalem" title="List of songs about Jerusalem">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartography_of_Jerusalem" title="Cartography of Jerusalem">Historical maps</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jerusalem_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jerusalem sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Judaism" title="Outline of Judaism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:180%;"><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jew_(word)" title="Jew (word)">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_is_a_Jew%3F" title="Who is a Jew?">Who is a Jew?</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God in Judaism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">names</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_principles_of_faith" title="Jewish principles of faith">Principles of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">Mitzvot</a> (<a href="/wiki/613_commandments" title="613 commandments">613</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_and_customs_of_the_Land_of_Israel_in_Judaism" title="Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism"><span class="wrap">Land of Israel</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">Brit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Bar and bat mitzvah"><span class="wrap">Bar and bat mitzvah</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism" title="Bereavement in Judaism">Bereavement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal_teshuva_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Baal teshuva movement">Baal teshuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhag" title="Minhag">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusach_(Jewish_custom)" title="Nusach (Jewish custom)">Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sifrei_Kodesh" title="Sifrei Kodesh">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemara" title="Gemara">Gemara</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Yosef_(book)" title="Beit Yosef (book)">Beit Yosef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Tur</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> General</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jewish_history" title="Timeline of Jewish history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_name_Judea" title="Timeline of the name Judea">Name "Judea"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_antisemitism" title="History of antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">Anti-Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Jewish_historiography" title="Modern Jewish historiography">Modern historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jewish_population" title="Historical Jewish population">Historical population comparisons</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Ancient Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel" title="Twelve Tribes of Israel">Twelve Tribes of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah"><span class="wrap">Kingdom of Judah</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">in Judaism</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jerusalem" title="Timeline of Jerusalem">timeline</a>)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">Temple in Jerusalem</span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_captivity" title="Assyrian captivity"><span class="wrap">Assyrian captivity</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity"><span class="wrap">Babylonian captivity</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yehud_Medinata" title="Yehud Medinata">Yehud Medinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maccabean_Revolt" title="Maccabean Revolt">Maccabean Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty"><span class="wrap">Hasmonean dynasty</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_schisms" title="Jewish schisms">Schisms</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essenes" title="Essenes">Essenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zealots" title="Zealots">Zealots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicarii" title="Sicarii">Sicarii</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_Judaism" title="Second Temple Judaism">Second Temple Judaism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic Judaism</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_wars" title="Jewish–Roman wars">Jewish–Roman wars</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/First_Jewish-Roman_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Jewish-Roman War">Great Revolt</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaspora revolt">Diaspora</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba</a></span>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_period" title="Rabbinic period">Rabbinic period</a> and Middle Ages</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire">History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Christianity and Judaism"><span class="wrap">Christianity and Judaism</span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism"><span class="wrap">Hinduism and Judaism</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Islamic–Jewish</span> relations</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_European_Jews_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="History of European Jews in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_Jewish_culture_in_Spain" title="Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain">Golden Age</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Modern era</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haskalah" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbateans" title="Sabbateans">Sabbateans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_atheism" title="Jewish atheism">Jewish atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_emancipation" title="Jewish emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv" title="Old Yishuv">Old Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zionism" title="History of Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="History of the Jews in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel" title="History of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Arab–Israeli</span> conflict</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethnic_divisions" title="Jewish ethnic divisions">Communities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Jews" title="Galician Jews">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvaks" title="Litvaks">Litvak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Teimanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Gruzinim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Juhurim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Jews" title="Italian Jews">Italkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romaniote_Jews" title="Romaniote Jews">Romanyotim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Cochinim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Jews" title="Berber Jews">Berber</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related groups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Bnei_Anusim" title="Sephardic Bnei Anusim">Bnei Anusim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Jews" title="Igbo Jews">Igbo Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-Judaism" title="Crypto-Judaism">Crypto-Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anusim" title="Anusim">Anusim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh" title="Dönmeh">Dönmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrano" title="Marrano">Marranos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofiti" title="Neofiti">Neofiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueta" title="Xueta">Xueta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_tribes_of_Arabia" title="Jewish tribes of Arabia">Mosaic Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subbotniks" title="Subbotniks">Subbotniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noahidism" title="Noahidism">Noahides</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_population_by_country" title="Jewish population by country">Population</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_by_country" title="Judaism by country">Judaism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Jews" title="Lists of Jews">Lists of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jewish_population_by_country" title="Historical Jewish population by country">Historical population by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_of_Jews" title="Genetic studies of Jews">Genetic studies</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv" title="Old Yishuv">Old Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">New Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Israeli Jews</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Africa" title="History of the Jews in Africa">Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Algeria" title="History of the Jews in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Angola" title="History of the Jews in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_of_Bilad_el-Sudan" title="Jews of Bilad el-Sudan">Bilad-el-Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Botswana" title="History of the Jews in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cameroon" title="History of the Jews in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cape_Verde" title="History of the Jews in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Benin" title="History of the Jews in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="History of the Jews in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Djibouti" title="History of the Jews in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Egypt" title="History of the Jews in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ethiopia" title="History of the Jews in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Eritrea" title="History of the Jews in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Eswatini" title="History of the Jews in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gabon" title="History of the Jews in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Gambia" title="History of the Jews in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ghana" title="History of the Jews in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guinea" title="History of the Jews in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="History of the Jews in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ivory_Coast" title="History of the Jews in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kenya" title="History of the Jews in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Libya" title="History of the Jews in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Malawi" title="History of the Jews in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mali" title="History of the Jews in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mauritius" title="History of the Jews in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Moroccan_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Moroccan Jews">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mozambique" title="History of the Jews in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Namibia" title="History of the Jews in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Nigeria" title="History of the Jews in Nigeria">Nigeria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Igbo_Jews" title="Igbo Jews">Igbo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="History of the Jews in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="History of the Jews in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sierra_Leone" title="History of the Jews in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jews_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jews in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Africa" title="History of the Jews in South Africa"><span class="wrap">South Africa</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sudan" title="History of the Jews in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tanzania" title="History of the Jews in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tunisia" title="History of the Jews in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uganda" title="History of the Jews in Uganda">Uganda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abayudaya" title="Abayudaya">Abayudaya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Zambia" title="History of the Jews in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Zimbabwe" title="History of the Jews in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Asia</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Afghanistan" title="History of the Jews in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bahrain" title="History of the Jews in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cambodia" title="History of the Jews in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_India" title="History of the Jews in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Indonesia" title="History of the Jews in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iran" title="History of the Jews in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iraq" title="History of the Jews in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Japan" title="History of the Jews in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Jordan" title="History of the Jews in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kazakhstan" title="History of the Jews in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kurdistan" title="History of the Jews in Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kuwait" title="History of the Jews in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="History of the Jews in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lebanon" title="History of the Jews in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Malaysia" title="History of the Jews in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mongolia" title="History of the Jews in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Myanmar" title="History of the Jews in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Nepal" title="Judaism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Oman" title="History of the Jews in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Pakistan" title="History of the Jews in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Philippines" title="History of the Jews in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Qatar" title="History of the Jews in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="History of the Jews in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Korea" title="History of the Jews in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Singapore" title="History of the Jews in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sri_Lanka" title="History of the Jews in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Syria" title="History of the Jews in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tajikistan" title="History of the Jews in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Thailand" title="History of the Jews in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Turkey" title="History of the Jews in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="History of the Jews in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uzbekistan" title="History of the Jews in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Vietnam" title="History of the Jews in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemen</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Europe" title="History of the Jews in Europe">Europe</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Armenia" title="History of the Jews in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Austria" title="History of the Jews in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Azerbaijan" title="History of the Jews in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Belarus" title="History of the Jews in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bulgaria" title="History of the Jews in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cyprus" title="History of the Jews in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Czech_lands" title="History of the Jews in the Czech lands">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Denmark" title="History of the Jews in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Estonia" title="History of the Jews in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Finland" title="History of the Jews in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France" title="History of the Jews in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany" title="History of the Jews in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Greece" title="History of the Jews in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hungary" title="History of the Jews in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latvia" title="History of the Jews in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lithuania" title="History of the Jews in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Moldova" title="History of the Jews in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Netherlands" title="History of the Jews in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Norway" title="History of the Jews in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland" title="History of the Jews in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Portugal" title="History of the Jews in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Serbia" title="History of the Jews in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Spain" title="History of the Jews in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sweden" title="History of the Jews in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine" title="History of the Jews in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the Jews in the United Kingdom"><span class="wrap">United Kingdom</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Northern America</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Canada" title="History of the Jews in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States" title="History of the Jews in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Greenland" title="Jews in Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and Caribbean</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Argentina" title="History of the Jews in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bolivia" title="History of the Jews in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Brazil" title="History of the Jews in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Chile" title="History of the Jews in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Colombia" title="History of the Jews in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cuba" title="History of the Jews in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="History of the Jews in the Dominican Republic"><span class="wrap">Dominican Republic</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ecuador" title="History of the Jews in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_El_Salvador" title="History of the Jews in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guyana" title="History of the Jews in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Haiti" title="History of the Jews in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Jamaica" title="History of the Jews in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mexico" title="History of the Jews in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay" title="History of the Jews in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Peru" title="History of the Jews in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Puerto_Rico" title="History of the Jews in Puerto Rico"><span class="wrap">Puerto Rico</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Suriname" title="History of the Jews in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uruguay" title="History of the Jews in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Venezuela" title="History of the Jews in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Oceania" title="History of the Jews in Oceania">Oceania</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Australia" title="History of the Jews in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Fiji" title="History of the Jews in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guam" title="History of the Jews in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand" title="History of the Jews in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Palau" title="History of the Jews in Palau">Palau</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">Denominations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism"><span class="wrap">Reform</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Science" title="Jewish Science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Customs</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">Minyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing" title="Jewish religious clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Pidyon haben</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shidduch" title="Shidduch">Shidduch</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Zeved_habat" title="Zeved habat">Zeved habat</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Judaism" title="Conversion to Judaism"><span class="wrap">Conversion to Judaism</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiloni" title="Hiloni">Hiloni</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Jewish_music" title="Religious Jewish music">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Jewish_music" title="Secular Jewish music">Secular</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Art</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Jewish_art" title="Ancient Jewish art">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_theatre" title="Yiddish theatre">Yiddish theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_dance" title="Jewish dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_humor" title="Jewish humor">Humour</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine#Ashkenazi" title="Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_literature" title="Jewish literature">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_literature" title="Israeli literature">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_literature" title="Yiddish literature">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_American_literature" title="Jewish American literature">American</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_languages" title="Jewish languages">Languages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Koine_Greek" title="Jewish Koine Greek">Jewish Koine Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Yevanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tat" title="Judeo-Tat">Judeo-Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Shassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iranian_languages" title="Judeo-Iranian languages">Judaeo-Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Gascon" title="Judeo-Gascon">Judeo-Gascon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Jewish_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Jewish Sign Language">Ghardaïa Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharian_(Judeo-Tajik_dialect)" title="Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)">Bukharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knaanic_language" title="Knaanic language">Knaanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarphatic_language" title="Zarphatic language">Zarphatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian languages">Judeo-Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Judaeo-Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Aramaic_languages" title="Judeo-Aramaic languages">Judeo-Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Arabic dialects">Judeo-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Berber_language" title="Judeo-Berber language">Judeo-Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malayalam" title="Judeo-Malayalam">Judeo-Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domari_language" title="Domari language">Domari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_politics" title="Judaism and politics">Politics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomism" title="Jewish Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundism" title="Bundism">Bundism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Territorial_Organization" title="Jewish Territorial Organization">Territorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" title="World Agudath Israel">World Agudath Israel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zionism" title="Green Zionism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Maximalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Zionism" title="Post-Zionism">Post-Zionism</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Category:Jews and Judaism">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Template:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Temple in Jerusalem</b>, or alternatively the <b>Holy Temple</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span style="white-space:nowrap;" lang="he" dir="rtl"><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">בֵּית־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ</span>‎</span></span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern</a>:</small> <i><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Bēt haMīqdaš</i></span></i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Tiberian_vocalization" title="Tiberian vocalization">Tiberian</a>:</small> <i><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Bēṯ hamMīqdāš</i></span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بيت المقدس</span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Bayt al-Maqdis</i></span>), refers to the two religious structures that served as the central places of worship for <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> on the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City of Jerusalem</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First Temple</a> was built in the 10th century BCE, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Kingdom of Israel</a>. It stood until <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 587 BCE</span>, when it was destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">Babylonian siege of Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost a century later, the First Temple was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>, which was built after the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a> was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Persian Empire</a>. While the Second Temple stood for a longer period of time than the First Temple, it was likewise destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">Roman siege of Jerusalem</a> in 70 CE. </p><p>Projects to build the hypothetical "<a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a>" have not come to fruition in the modern era, though the Temple in Jerusalem still features prominently in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an object of longing and a symbol of future redemption, the Temple has been commemorated in Jewish tradition through prayer, liturgical poetry, art, poetry, architecture, and other forms of expression. </p><p>Outside of Judaism, the Temple (and today's Temple Mount) also carries a high level of significance in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. One of the early Arabic names for Jerusalem is Bayt al-Maqdis, which preserves the memory of the Temple. The Temple Mount is home to two monumental Islamic structures, the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a>, which date to the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> period. The site, known to Muslims as the "Al-Aqsa Mosque compound" or <i>Haram al-Sharif,</i> is considered the <a href="/wiki/Holiest_sites_in_Islam#Al-Masjid_al-Aqsa" title="Holiest sites in Islam">third-holiest site in Islam</a>. The Christian New Testament and tradition hold that important events in <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>' life took place in the Temple, and the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusaders</a> attributed the name "<a href="/wiki/Templum_Domini" title="Templum Domini">Templum Domini</a>" ("Temple of the Lord") to the Dome of the Rock. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hebrew name given in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> for the building complex is either <i>Mikdash</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">מקדש</span>), as used in Exodus,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or simply <i>Bayt</i> / <i>Beit Adonai</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">בית</span>), as used in 1 Chronicles.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinic literature</a>, the temple sanctuary is called <i>Beit HaMikdash</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">בית המקדש</span>), meaning, "The Holy House", and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name.<sup id="cite_ref-JVLtemple_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JVLtemple-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In classic English texts, however, the word "Temple" is used interchangeably, sometimes having the strict connotation of the Temple precincts, with its courts (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ἱερὸν</span>), while at other times having the strict connotation of the Temple Sanctuary (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ναός</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Greek and Hebrew texts make this distinction, English texts do not always do so. </p><p>Jewish rabbi and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Moses_Maimonides" class="mw-redirect" title="Moses Maimonides">Maimonides</a> gave the following definition of "Temple" in his <i><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishne Torah</a></i> (Hil. <i>Beit Ha-Bechirah</i>): </p> <blockquote><p>They are enjoined to make, in what concerns it (i.e. the building of the Temple), a holy site and an inner-sanctum,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and where there is positioned in front of the holy site a certain place that is called a 'Hall' (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אולם</span>). The three of these places are called 'Sanctuary' (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">היכל</span>). They are [also] enjoined to make a different partition surrounding the Sanctuary, distant from it, similar to the screen-like hangings of the court that were in the wilderness.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All that which is surrounded by this partition, which, as noted, is like the court of the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a>, is called 'Courtyard' (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">עזרה</span>), whereas all of it together is called 'Temple' (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">מקדש</span>) [<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">the Holy Place</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>].<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Temple">First Temple</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First Temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible,_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_(1922)_(14749899816).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg/400px-Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg/600px-Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg/800px-Bible_manual._Introductory_course_on_the_Bible%2C_for_teachers_training_classes_and_Bible_classes_%281922%29_%2814749899816%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2656" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption>Model of the <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First Temple</a>, included in a Bible manual for teachers (1922)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Hebrew Bible says that the <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First Temple</a> was built by <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">King Solomon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_self_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC_self-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> completed in 957 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Book of Deuteronomy</a>, as the sole place of Israelite <i><a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">korban</a></i> (sacrifice),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Temple replaced the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a> constructed in the <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Exodus" title="Stations of the Exodus">Sinai</a> under the auspices of <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, as well as local sanctuaries, and altars in the hills.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Temple was <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Jerusalem_(10th_century_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sack of Jerusalem (10th century BC)">sacked</a> a few decades later by <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although efforts were made at partial reconstruction, it was only in 835 BCE when <a href="/wiki/Jehoash_of_Judah" title="Jehoash of Judah">Jehoash, King of Judah</a>, in the second year of his reign invested considerable sums in reconstruction, only to have it <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_siege_of_Jerusalem" title="Assyrian siege of Jerusalem">stripped again</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a>, King of Assyria <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 700 BCE</span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The First Temple was totally destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">Siege of Jerusalem</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a> in 586 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_Temple">Second Temple</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Second Temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Second_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Second_Temple.jpg/310px-Second_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Second_Temple.jpg/465px-Second_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Second_Temple.jpg/620px-Second_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Herod%27s_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Herod's Temple">Herod's Temple</a> as imagined in the <a href="/wiki/Holyland_Model_of_Jerusalem" title="Holyland Model of Jerusalem">Holyland Model of Jerusalem</a>. It is currently situated adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Book" title="Shrine of the Book">Shrine of the Book</a> exhibit at the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a> in Jerusalem</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Book of Ezra</a>, construction of the Second Temple was called for by <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a> and began in 538 BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-Rennert97_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rennert97-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a> the year before.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to some 19th-century calculations, work started later, in April 536 BCE<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was completed on 21 February, 515 BCE, 21 years after the start of the construction. This date is obtained by coordinating Ezra 3:8–10<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the third day of <a href="/wiki/Adar" title="Adar">Adar</a>, in the sixth year of the reign of <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius the Great</a>) with historical sources.<sup id="cite_ref-Jamieson_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jamieson-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The accuracy of these dates is contested by some modern researchers, who consider the biblical text to be of later date and based on a combination of historical records and religious considerations, leading to contradictions between different books of the Bible and making the dates unreliable.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new temple was dedicated by the Jewish governor <a href="/wiki/Zerubbabel" title="Zerubbabel">Zerubbabel</a>. However, with a full reading of the Book of Ezra and the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Book of Nehemiah</a>, there were four edicts to build the Second Temple, which were issued by three kings: Cyrus in 536 BCE (Ezra ch. 1), <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> of Persia in 519 BCE (ch. 6), and <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artaxerxes I of Persia">Artaxerxes I of Persia</a> in 457 BCE (ch. 7), and finally by Artaxerxes again in 444 BCE (Nehemiah ch. 2).<sup id="cite_ref-RATIONAL_PROOFS_AND_TRADITIONAL_ARGUMENTS_FROM_THE_SACRED_SCRIPTURES_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RATIONAL_PROOFS_AND_TRADITIONAL_ARGUMENTS_FROM_THE_SACRED_SCRIPTURES-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to classical Jewish sources, another demolition of the Temple was narrowly avoided in 332 BCE when the Jews refused to acknowledge the deification of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> of Macedonia, but Alexander was placated at the last minute by astute diplomacy and flattery.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the death of Alexander on 13 June 323 BCE, and the dismembering of his empire, the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemies</a> came to rule over Judea and the Temple. Under the Ptolemies, the Jews were given many civil liberties and lived content under their rule. However, when the Ptolemaic army was <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Panium" title="Battle of Panium">defeated at Panium</a> by <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_the_Great" title="Antiochus III the Great">Antiochus III</a> of the Seleucids in 200 BCE, this policy changed. Antiochus wanted to <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenise</a> the Jews, attempting to introduce the <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek pantheon</a> into the temple. Moreover, a rebellion ensued and was brutally crushed, but no further action by Antiochus was taken, and when Antiochus died in 187 BCE at <a href="/wiki/Lorestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorestan Province">Luristan</a>, his son <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_IV_Philopator" title="Seleucus IV Philopator">Seleucus IV Philopator</a> succeeded him. However, his policies never took effect in Judea, since he was assassinated the year after his ascension to the throne.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus IV Epiphanes">Antiochus IV Epiphanes</a> succeeded his older brother to the Seleucid throne and immediately adopted his father's previous policy of universal Hellenisation. The Jews rebelled again and Antiochus, in a rage, retaliated in force. Considering the previous episodes of discontent, the Jews became incensed when the religious observances of <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Sabbath" title="Biblical Sabbath">Sabbath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religious_male_circumcision" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious male circumcision">circumcision</a> were officially outlawed. When Antiochus erected a statue of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> in their temple and Hellenic priests began sacrificing <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pigs</a> (the usual sacrifice offered to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek god">Greek gods</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Hellenic religion</a>), their anger began to spiral. When a Greek official ordered a Jewish priest to perform a Hellenic sacrifice, the priest (<a href="/wiki/Mattathias" title="Mattathias">Mattathias</a>) killed him. In 167 BCE, the Jews rose up en masse behind Mattathias and his five sons to fight and won their freedom from Seleucid authority. Mattathias' son <a href="/wiki/Judah_Maccabee" class="mw-redirect" title="Judah Maccabee">Judah Maccabee</a>, now called "The Hammer", re-dedicated the temple in 164 BCE and the Jews celebrate this event to this day as the central theme of the non-biblical festival of <a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_self_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC_self-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Roman era, <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a> entered (and thereby desecrated) the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a> in 63 BCE, but left the Temple intact.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 54 BCE, <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Licinius_Crassus" title="Marcus Licinius Crassus">Crassus</a> looted the Temple treasury.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 20 BCE, the building was renovated and expanded by <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a>, and became known as <a href="/wiki/Herod%27s_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Herod's Temple">Herod's Temple</a>. It was destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a> in 70 CE during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">Siege of Jerusalem</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba revolt</a> against the Romans in 132–135 CE, <a href="/wiki/Simon_bar_Kokhba" title="Simon bar Kokhba">Simon bar Kokhba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Akiva" title="Rabbi Akiva">Rabbi Akiva</a> wanted to rebuild the Temple, but bar Kokhba's revolt failed and the Jews were banned from Jerusalem (except for <a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a>) by the Roman Empire. The emperor <a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a> allowed the Temple to be rebuilt, but the <a href="/wiki/Galilee_earthquake_of_363" class="mw-redirect" title="Galilee earthquake of 363">Galilee earthquake of 363</a> ended all attempts ever since.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Al-Aqsa_and_the_Third_Temple">Al-Aqsa and the Third Temple</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Al-Aqsa and the Third Temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the 7th century, the site had fallen into disrepair under Byzantine rule. After the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem in the 7th century during the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a>, a mosque was built by caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (reigned 634–644 CE) who first cleared the site of debris and then erected a mihrab and simple mosque on the same site as the present mosque. This first mosque construction was known as Masjid al-'Umari. During the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> caliphate, the caliph <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan</a> ordered a renovation of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> mosque, constructing the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>, on the Temple Mount. The mosque has stood on the mount since 691 CE; the <a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Jami Al-Aqsa</a>. It has been renovated several times since, including during the Abbasid, Fatimid, Mamluk, and Ottoman eras.<sup id="cite_ref-ia_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ia-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeological_evidence">Archaeological evidence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Archaeological evidence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_remnants_of_the_Jerusalem_Temple" title="Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple">Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:552px;max-width:552px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg/180px-Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg/270px-Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg/360px-Jerusalem_Temple_Warning_Inscription.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2153" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Jerusalem Temple Warning Inscription</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG/180px-Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG/270px-Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG/360px-Samuel_and_Saidye_Bronfman_Archaeology_WingDSCN5007.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Fragment of the Temple Warning Inscription at the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg/180px-To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg/270px-To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg/360px-To_the_trumpeting_place.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="214" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Trumpeting_Place_inscription" title="Trumpeting Place inscription">Trumpeting Place inscription</a>, a stone (2.43×1 m) with <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> writing <i>"To the Trumpeting Place"</i> uncovered during archaeological excavations by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mazar" title="Benjamin Mazar">Benjamin Mazar</a> at the southern foot of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> is believed to be a part of the complex of the Second Temple.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Archaeological excavations have found remnants of both the First Temple and the Second Temple. Among the artifacts of the First Temple are dozens of <a href="/wiki/Mikvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikvah">ritual immersion pools</a> in this area surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a large square platform identified by architectural archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Leen_Ritmeyer" title="Leen Ritmeyer">Leen Ritmeyer</a> as likely being built by King <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 700 BCE</span> as a gathering area in front of the Temple. </p><p>Concrete finds from the Second Temple include the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Warning_inscription" title="Temple Warning inscription">Temple Warning inscriptions</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Trumpeting_Place_inscription" title="Trumpeting Place inscription">Trumpeting Place inscription</a>, two surviving pieces of the Herodian expansion of the Temple Mount. The Temple Warning inscriptions forbid the entry of pagans to the Temple, a prohibition also mentioned by the 1st century CE historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>. These inscriptions were on the wall that surrounded the Temple and prevented non-Jews from entering the temple's courtyard. The Trumpeting Place inscription was found at the southwest corner of Temple Mount, and is believed to mark the site where the priests used to declare the advent of Shabbat and other Jewish holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ritual objects used in the temple service were carried off and many are likely located in museum collections, and, in popular conspiracy theories, that of the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg/310px-The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="452" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg/465px-The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg/620px-The_rock_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock_Corrected.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2750" data-file-height="4011" /></a><figcaption>The Foundation Stone in the floor of the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> shrine in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. The round hole at upper left penetrates to a small cave, known as the <a href="/wiki/Well_of_Souls" title="Well of Souls">Well of Souls</a>, below. The cage-like structure just beyond the hole covers the stairway entrance to the cave (south is towards the top of the image).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg/310px-Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg/465px-Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg/620px-Bottom_of_the_Foundation_Stone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The bottom of the Foundation Stone, photo taken from the <a href="/wiki/Well_of_Souls" title="Well of Souls">Well of Souls</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are three main theories as to where the Temple stood: where the Dome of the Rock is now located, to the north of the Dome of the Rock (Professor Asher Kaufman), or to the east of the Dome of the Rock (Professor Joseph Patrich of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew University">Hebrew University</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exact location of the Temple is a contentious issue, as questioning the exact placement of the Temple is often associated with <a href="/wiki/Temple_denial" title="Temple denial">Temple denial</a>. Since the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a> lay at the center of the complex as a whole, the Temple's location is dependent on the location of the Holy of Holies. The location of the Holy of Holies was even a question less than 150 years after the Second Temple's destruction, as detailed in the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>. Chapter 54 of the <a href="/wiki/Berakhot_(tractate)" title="Berakhot (tractate)">Tractate Berakhot</a> states that the Holy of Holies was directly aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_(Jerusalem)" title="Golden Gate (Jerusalem)">Golden Gate</a>, which would have placed the Temple slightly to the north of the Dome of the Rock, as Kaufman postulated.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, chapter 54 of the <a href="/wiki/Yoma" title="Yoma">Tractate Yoma</a> and chapter 26 of the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_(tractate)" title="Sanhedrin (tractate)">Tractate Sanhedrin</a> assert that the Holy of Holies stood directly on the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_Stone" title="Foundation Stone">Foundation Stone</a>, which agrees with the traditional view that the Dome of the Rock stands on the Temple's location.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_layout">Physical layout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Physical layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Religious_text_primary plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>uses <a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">texts from within a religion or faith system</a></b> without referring to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PSTS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PSTS">secondary sources</a> that critically analyze them.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit">improve this article</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Temple_2">First Temple</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: First Temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Solomon">Temple of Solomon</a> or First Temple consisted of four main elements: </p> <ul><li>the Great or Outer Court, where people assembled to worship;<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the Inner Court<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Court of the Priests;<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd>and the Temple building itself, with</dd></dl> <ul><li>the larger <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple#Sanctuary_(main_chamber)" title="Solomon's Temple">Holy Place</a> (<i>hekhal</i>), called the "greater house"<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the "temple"<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and</li> <li>the smaller "inner sanctum", known as the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a> or <i>Kodesh HaKodashim</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Temple_2">Second Temple</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Second Temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TempleStepsMay2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/TempleStepsMay2009.JPG/310px-TempleStepsMay2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="310" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/TempleStepsMay2009.JPG/465px-TempleStepsMay2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/TempleStepsMay2009.JPG/620px-TempleStepsMay2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Remnants of the 1st-century Stairs of Ascent in front of <a href="/wiki/The_Double_Gate" title="The Double Gate">the Double Gate</a>, discovered by archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mazar" title="Benjamin Mazar">Benjamin Mazar</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the case of the last and most elaborate structure, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple#Herod's_Temple" title="Second Temple">Herodian Temple</a>, the structure consisted of the wider Temple precinct, the restricted Temple courts, and the Temple building itself: </p> <ul><li>Temple precinct, located on the extended Temple Mount platform, and including the Court of the Gentiles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_the_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of the women">Court of the Women</a> or <i>Ezrat HaNashim</i></li> <li>Court of the Israelites, reserved for ritually pure Jewish men</li> <li>Court of the Priests, whose relation to the Temple Court is interpreted in different ways by scholars</li> <li>Temple Court or <i>Azarah</i>, with the Brazen Laver (<i>kiyor</i>), the Altar of Burnt Offerings (<i>mizbe'ah</i>), the Place of Slaughtering, and the Temple building itself</li></ul> <p>The Temple edifice had three distinct chambers: </p> <ul><li>Temple vestibule or porch (<i>ulam</i>)</li> <li>Temple sanctuary (<a href="/wiki/Second_Temple#Sanctuary_("the_holy")" title="Second Temple"><i>hekhal</i></a> or <i>heikal</i>), the main part of the building</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a> (<i>Kodesh HaKodashim</i> or <i>debir</i>), the innermost chamber</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_sketch2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Temple_sketch2.png/310px-Temple_sketch2.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Temple_sketch2.png/465px-Temple_sketch2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Temple_sketch2.png/620px-Temple_sketch2.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="703" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of the Temple (top of diagram is north)</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, the Women's Court was to the east and the main area of the Temple to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main area contained the butchering area for the sacrifices and the Outer Altar on which portions of most offerings were burned. An edifice contained the <i>ulam</i> (antechamber), the <i><a href="/wiki/Hekhal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hekhal">hekhal</a></i> (the "sanctuary"), and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a>. The sanctuary and the Holy of Holies were separated by a wall in the First Temple and by two curtains in the Second Temple. The sanctuary contained the <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">seven branched candlestick</a>, the table of <a href="/wiki/Showbread" title="Showbread">showbread</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Altar_(Judaism)#Altar_of_Incense" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar (Judaism)">Incense Altar</a>. </p><p>The main courtyard had thirteen gates. On the south side, beginning with the southwest corner, there were four gates: </p> <ul><li>The Upper Gate (<i>Sha'ar HaElyon</i>)</li> <li>The Kindling Gate (<i>Sha'ar HaDelek</i>), where wood was brought in</li> <li>The Gate of Firstborns (<i>Sha'ar HaBechorot</i>), where people with first-born animal offerings entered</li> <li>The Water Gate (<i>Sha'ar HaMayim</i>), where the Water Libation entered on <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a>/the Feast of Tabernacles</li></ul> <p>On the north side, beginning with the northwest corner, there were four gates: </p> <ul><li>The Gate of Jeconiah (<i>Sha'ar Yechonyah</i>), where kings of the Davidic line enter and <a href="/wiki/Jeconiah" title="Jeconiah">Jeconiah</a> left for the last time to captivity after being dethroned by the King of Babylon</li> <li>The Gate of the <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">Offering</a> (<i>Sha'ar HaKorban</i>), where priests entered with <i>kodshei kodashim</i> offerings</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Role_of_women_in_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Role of women in Judaism">Women's</a> Gate (<i>Sha'ar HaNashim</i>), where women entered into the <i>Azara</i> or main courtyard to perform offerings<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Gate of Song (<i>Sha'ar HaShir</i>), where the <a href="/wiki/Levites" class="mw-redirect" title="Levites">Levites</a> entered with their musical instruments.</li></ul> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Hewn_Stones" title="Hall of Hewn Stones">Hall of Hewn Stones</a></b> (Hebrew: לשכת הגזית <i>Lishkat haGazit</i>), also known as the <b>Chamber of Hewn Stone</b>, was the meeting place, or council-chamber, of the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a> (6th century BCE – 1st century CE). The <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> deduces that it was built into the north wall of the Temple in Jerusalem, half inside the sanctuary and half outside, with doors providing access both to the temple and to the outside. The chamber is said to have resembled a <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a> in appearance,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having two entrances: one in the east and one in the west.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the east side was the Gate of Nicanor, between the Women's Courtyard and the main Temple Courtyard, which had two minor doorways, one on its right and one on its left. On the western wall, which was relatively unimportant, there were two gates that did not have any name. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> lists concentric circles of holiness surrounding the Temple: Holy of Holies; Sanctuary; Vestibule; Court of the Priests; Court of the Israelites; Court of the Women; Temple Mount; the walled city of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>; all the walled cities of the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>; and the borders of the Land of Israel. </p><p>The Talmud speaks also of important presents which Queen <a href="/wiki/Helena_of_Adiabene" title="Helena of Adiabene">Helena of Adiabene</a> gave to the Temple at Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Helena had a golden candlestick made over the door of the Temple," to which statement is added that when the sun rose its rays were reflected from the candlestick and everybody knew that it was the time for reading the Shema'.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also made a golden plate on which was written the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which the Kohen read when a wife suspected of infidelity was brought before him.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a>, tractate Yoma iii. 8 the candlestick and the plate are confused. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temple_services">Temple services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Temple services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Religious_text_primary plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>uses <a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">texts from within a religion or faith system</a></b> without referring to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PSTS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PSTS">secondary sources</a> that critically analyze them.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit">improve this article</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg/350px-Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="616" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg/525px-Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg/700px-Model_of_Second_Temple_made_by_Michael_Osnis_from_Kedumim_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1381" data-file-height="2431" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_the_Jewish_Temple" title="Replicas of the Jewish Temple">Model of Second Temple</a> made by Michael Osnis from Kedumim.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:04_2022_Roma_(Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi)_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg/350px-04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg/525px-04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg/700px-04_2022_Roma_%28Arco_di_Trionfo_di_Tito-_Bassorilievi%29_FO228685_bis_Photo_by_Paolo_Villa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9264" data-file-height="6096" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" title="Arch of Titus">Arch of Titus</a> relief showing the Menorah from the Temple as spoils of the Romans</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">Korban</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ketoret" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketoret">Ketoret</a></div> <p>The Temple was the place where <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">offerings</a> described in the course of the Hebrew Bible were carried out, including daily morning and afternoon offerings and special offerings on <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Sabbath" title="Biblical Sabbath">Sabbath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Jewish holidays</a>. <a href="/wiki/Levites" class="mw-redirect" title="Levites">Levites</a> recited <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> at appropriate moments during the offerings, including the Psalm of the Day, special psalms for the <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Chodesh" title="Rosh Chodesh">new month</a>, and other occasions, the <a href="/wiki/Hallel" title="Hallel">Hallel</a> during major Jewish holidays, and psalms for special sacrifices such as the "Psalm for the Thanksgiving Offering" (<a href="/wiki/Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalm">Psalm</a> 100). </p><p>As part of the daily offering, a prayer service was performed in the Temple which was used as the basis of the traditional Jewish <a href="/wiki/Shacharit" title="Shacharit">(morning) service</a> recited to this day, including well-known prayers such as the <a href="/wiki/Shema" title="Shema">Shema</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_Blessing" title="Priestly Blessing">Priestly Blessing</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishna">Mishna</a> describes it as follows: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The superintendent said to them, bless one benediction! and they blessed, and read the Ten Commandments, and the Shema, "And it shall come to pass if you will hearken", and "And [God] spoke...". They pronounced three benedictions with the people present: "True and firm", and the "Avodah" "Accept, Lord our God, the service of your people Israel, and the fire-offerings of Israel and their prayer receive with favor. Blessed is He who receives the service of His people Israel with favor" (similar to what is today the 17th blessing of the Amidah), and the Priestly Blessing, and on the Sabbath they recited one blessing; "May He who causes His name to dwell in this House, cause to dwell among you love and brotherliness, peace and friendship" on behalf of the weekly Priestly Guard that departed.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Mishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishna">Mishna</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamid" title="Tamid">Tamid</a> 5:1</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In addition to the sacrifices, the Temple was considered a special location for prayer to God: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When Your people Israel are smitten down before the enemy, when they sin against You, if they turn again to You, and confess Your name, and pray and make supplication to You <b>in this house</b> - may You hear in heaven, and forgive the sin of Your people Israel, and bring them back to the land which You gave to their fathers. ... If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, if there be blasting or mildew, locust or caterpillar; if their enemy besiege them in the land of their cities; whatever plague, whatever sickness there be; whatever prayer and supplication be made by any person of all Your people Israel, who shall know every man the plague of his own heart, and spread forth his hands <b>toward this house</b> - may You hear in heaven Your dwelling-place, and forgive, and do, and render to every man according to all his ways, whose heart You know.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Talmud">In the Talmud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In the Talmud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seder <a href="/wiki/Kodashim" title="Kodashim">Kodashim</a>, the fifth order, or division, of the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> (compiled between 200 and 220 CE), provides detailed descriptions and discussions of the religious laws connected with <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Temple_services">Temple service</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">sacrifices</a>, the Temple and its furnishings, as well as <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">the priests</a> who carried out the duties and ceremonies of its service. <a href="/wiki/Masekhet" title="Masekhet">Tractates</a> of the order deal with the sacrifices of animals, birds, and <a href="/wiki/Gift_offering" title="Gift offering">meal offerings</a>, the laws of bringing a sacrifice, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sin_offering" title="Sin offering">sin offering</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Guilt_offering" title="Guilt offering">guilt offering</a>, and the laws of misappropriation of sacred property. In addition, the order contains a description of the Second Temple (<a href="/wiki/Masekhet" title="Masekhet">tractate</a> <a href="/wiki/Middot_(Talmud)" title="Middot (Talmud)">Middot</a>), and a description and rules about the daily sacrifice service in the Temple (<a href="/wiki/Masekhet" title="Masekhet">tractate</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamid" title="Tamid">Tamid</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Birnbaum_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birnbaum-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Soncino_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soncino-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EJ_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EJ-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a>, all the tractates have <a href="/wiki/Gemara" title="Gemara">Gemara</a> – rabbinical commentary and analysis – for all their chapters; some chapters of Tamid, and none on Middot and Kinnim. The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a> has no Gemara on any of the tractates of Kodashim.<sup id="cite_ref-Soncino_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soncino-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EJ_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EJ-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Talmud (<a href="/wiki/Yoma" title="Yoma">Yoma</a> 9b) describes traditional theological reasons for the destruction: "Why was the first Temple destroyed? Because the three cardinal sins were rampant in society: idol worship, licentiousness, and murder… And why then was the second Temple – wherein the society was involved in Torah, commandments and acts of kindness – destroyed? Because gratuitous hatred was rampant in society."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_contemporary_Jewish_services">Role in contemporary Jewish services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Role in contemporary Jewish services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Special:EditPage/Temple in Jerusalem">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish services">Jewish services</a></div> <p>Part of the traditional Jewish <a href="/wiki/Shacharit" title="Shacharit">morning</a> service, the part surrounding the Shema prayer, is essentially unchanged from the daily worship service performed in the Temple. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a> prayer traditionally replaces the Temple's daily <i>tamid</i> and special-occasion <i>Mussaf</i> (additional) offerings (there are separate versions for the different types of <a href="/wiki/Sacrifices" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacrifices">sacrifices</a>). They are recited during the times their corresponding offerings were performed in the Temple. </p><p>The Temple is mentioned extensively in <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish services">services</a>. <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a> retains mentions of the Temple and its restoration, but removes references to the <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">sacrifices</a>. References to sacrifices on holidays are made in the past tense, and petitions for their restoration are removed. Mentions in Orthodox Jewish services include: </p> <ul><li>A daily recital of Biblical and Talmudic passages related to the <a href="/wiki/Korbanot" class="mw-redirect" title="Korbanot">korbanot</a> (sacrifices) performed in the Temple <i>(See korbanot in <a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">siddur</a>)</i>.</li> <li>References to the restoration of the Temple and sacrificial worships in the daily <a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a> prayer, the central prayer in Judaism.</li> <li>A traditional personal plea for the restoration of the Temple at the end of private recitation of the Amidah.</li> <li>A prayer for the restoration of the "house of our lives" and the <a href="/wiki/Shekhinah" title="Shekhinah">shekhinah</a> (divine presence) "to dwell among us" is recited during the Amidah prayer.</li> <li>Recitation of the Psalm of the day; the <a href="/wiki/Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalm">psalm</a> sung by the <a href="/wiki/Levite" title="Levite">Levites</a> in the Temple for that day during the daily morning service.</li> <li>Numerous psalms sung as part of the ordinary service make extensive references to the Temple and Temple worship.</li> <li>Recitation of the special <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Jewish holiday</a> prayers for the restoration of the Temple and their offering, during the <a href="/wiki/Mussaf" title="Mussaf">Mussaf</a> services on Jewish holidays.</li> <li>An extensive recitation of the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_Temple_service" title="Yom Kippur Temple service">special Temple service</a> for <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a> during the service for that holiday.</li> <li>Special services for <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a> (Hakafot) contain extensive (but generally obscure) references to the special Temple service performed on that day.</li></ul> <p>The destruction of the Temple is mourned on the Jewish fast day of <a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a>. Three other minor fasts (Tenth of <a href="/wiki/Tevet" title="Tevet">Tevet</a>, 17th of <a href="/wiki/Tammuz_(Hebrew_month)" title="Tammuz (Hebrew month)">Tammuz</a>, and Third of <a href="/wiki/Tishrei" title="Tishrei">Tishrei</a>), also mourn events leading to or following the destruction of the Temple. There are also mourning practices which are observed at all times, for example, the requirement to leave part of the house unplastered. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Temple Mount, along with the entire Old City of Jerusalem, was captured from Jordan by Israel in 1967 during the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, allowing Jews once again to visit the holy site.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jordan had occupied East Jerusalem and the Temple Mount immediately following Israel's declaration of independence on May 14, 1948. Israel officially unified <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, including the Temple Mount, with the rest of Jerusalem in 1980 under the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a>, though <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">United Nations Security Council Resolution 478</a> declared the Jerusalem Law to be in violation of international law.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Islamic Waqf">Jerusalem Islamic Waqf</a>, based in Jordan, has administrative control of the Temple Mount. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_other_religions">In other religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In other religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem in Christianity</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis,_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae,_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach,_delin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An imaginary view of the Temple, on a huge base in the foreground. 1721" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis%2C_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae%2C_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach%2C_delin.jpg/310px-Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis%2C_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae%2C_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach%2C_delin.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis%2C_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae%2C_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach%2C_delin.jpg/465px-Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis%2C_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae%2C_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach%2C_delin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis%2C_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae%2C_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach%2C_delin.jpg/620px-Prospect_des_Temples_Salomonis%2C_wie_er_von_der_Seiten_des_Berges_Moriae%2C_anzusehen_gewesen_-_nach..._R.P.Villalpandi_-_Joh._Bernh-_Fischers_v.Erlach%2C_delin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2177" /></a><figcaption>An imaginary view of the Temple, on a huge base in the foreground, 1721</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Matthew 24:2,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus predicts the destruction of the Second Temple. This idea, of the Temple as the <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">body of Christ</a>, became a rich and multi-layered theme in medieval Christian thought (where Temple/body can be the heavenly body of Christ, the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ecclesial" class="extiw" title="wikt:ecclesial">ecclesial</a> body of the Church, and the Eucharistic body on the altar).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Temple Mount bears significance in Islam as it acted as a sanctuary for the Hebrew prophets and the <a href="/wiki/Children_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of Israel">Israelites</a>. Islamic tradition says that a temple was first built on the Temple Mount by <a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic view of Solomon">Solomon</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic view of David">David</a>. After the destruction of the second temple, it was rebuilt by the second <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omar" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar">Omar</a>, which stands until today as <a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a>. Traditionally referred to as the "Farthest Mosque" (<i>al-masjid al-aqṣa' </i>literally "utmost site of bowing (in worship)" though the term now refers specifically to <a href="/wiki/Al-Qibli_Chapel" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qibli Chapel">the mosque in the southern wall</a> of the compound which today is known simply as <i>al-haram ash-sharīf</i> "the noble sanctuary"), the site is seen as the destination of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Isra_and_Mi%27raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra and Mi'raj">Night Journey</a>, one of the most significant events recounted in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and the place of his ascent <a href="/wiki/Seven_Heavens" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Heavens">heavenwards</a> thereafter (<i><a href="/wiki/Mi%27raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi'raj">Mi'raj</a></i>). Muslims view the Temple in Jerusalem as their inheritance, being the followers of the last prophet of God and believers in every prophet sent, including the prophets Moses and Solomon. To Muslims, <a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a> is not built on top of the temple, rather, it is the Third Temple, and they are the true believers who worship in it, whereas Jews and Christians are disbelievers who do not believe in God's final prophets <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rts_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rts-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-halaqa_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-halaqa-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Islam, Muslims are encouraged to visit Jerusalem and pray at Al-Aqsa Mosque. There are over forty <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> about Al-Aqsa Mosque and the virtue of visiting and praying in it, or at least sending oil to light its lamps. In a hadith compiled by <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabarani" title="Al-Tabarani">Al-Tabarani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayhaqi" title="Bayhaqi">Bayhaqi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suyuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Suyuti">Suyuti</a>, the Prophet Muhammad said, "A prayer in <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Makkah (Ka’bah)</a> is worth 1,000,000 times (reward), a prayer in <a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">my mosque (Madinah)</a> is worth 1,000 times and a prayer in Al-Aqsa Sanctuary is worth 500 times more reward than anywhere else." Another hadith compiled by imams <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari" title="Muhammad al-Bukhari">Muhammad al-Bukhari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslim_ibn_al-Hajjaj" title="Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj">Muslim</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dawud_al-Sijistani" title="Abu Dawud al-Sijistani">Abu Dawud</a> expounds on the importance of visiting the holy site. In another hadith the prophet Muhammad said, "You should not undertake a special journey to visit any place other than the following three Masjids with the expectations of getting greater reward: the Sacred Masjid of Makkah (Ka’bah), this Masjid of mine (the Prophet’s Masjid in Madinah), and Masjid Al-Aqsa (of Jerusalem)."<sup id="cite_ref-sabeel_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabeel-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Nasr" class="mw-redirect" title="Hossein Nasr">Seyyed Hossein Nasr</a>, professor of Islamic Studies at George Washington University, Jerusalem (i.e., the Temple Mount) has the significance as a holy site/sanctuary ("<a href="/wiki/Haram_(site)" title="Haram (site)">haram</a>") for Muslims primarily in three ways, the first two being connected to the Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First, Muhammad (and his companions) prayed facing the Temple in Jerusalem (referred to as "<i>Bayt Al-Maqdis</i>", in the <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadiths</a>) similar to the Jews before changing it to the <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a> in Mecca sixteen months after arriving in <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> following the verses revealed (Sura 2:144, 149–150). Secondly, during the Meccan part of his life, he reported to have been to Jerusalem by night and prayed in the Temple, as the first part of his otherworldly journey (<a href="/wiki/Isra_and_Mi%27raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra and Mi'raj">Isra and Mi'raj</a>). </p><p>Imam <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hadi_Palazzi" title="Abdul Hadi Palazzi">Abdul Hadi Palazzi</a>, leader of Italian Muslim Assembly, quotes the Quran to support Judaism's special connection to the Temple Mount. According to Palazzi, "The most authoritative Islamic sources affirm the Temples". He adds that Jerusalem is sacred to Muslims because of its prior holiness to Jews and its standing as home to the biblical prophets and kings David and Solomon, all of whom he says are sacred figures in Islam. He claims that the Quran "expressly recognizes that Jerusalem plays the same role for Jews that Mecca has for Muslims".<sup id="cite_ref-margolis_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-margolis-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building_a_Third_Temple">Building a Third Temple</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Building a Third Temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Visionary_Ezekiel_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Visionary_Ezekiel_Temple.jpg/400px-Visionary_Ezekiel_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Visionary_Ezekiel_Temple.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Ezekiel's Temple as imagined by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Chipiez" title="Charles Chipiez">Charles Chipiez</a> in the 19th century.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png/310px-Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png/465px-Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png/620px-Ground_Plan_of_Ezekiel%27s_Temple.png 2x" data-file-width="1532" data-file-height="1448" /></a><figcaption>"Ground Plan of Ezekiel's Temple" by dispensationalist author <a href="/wiki/Arno_Clemens_Gaebelein" class="mw-redirect" title="Arno Clemens Gaebelein">A. C. Gaebelein</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ever since the Second Temple's destruction, a prayer for the construction of a Third Temple has been a formal and mandatory part of the thrice-daily <a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Jewish prayer</a> services. However, the question of whether and when to construct the Third Temple is disputed both within the Jewish community and without; groups within Judaism argue both for and against construction of a new Temple, while the expansion of <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religion</a> since the 1st century CE has made the issue <a href="/wiki/Religious_significance_of_Jerusalem" title="Religious significance of Jerusalem">contentious</a> within <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> thought as well. Furthermore, the complicated <a href="/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Positions on Jerusalem">political status of Jerusalem</a> makes reconstruction difficult, while Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock have been constructed at the traditional physical location of the Temple. </p><p>In 363 CE, the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Julian_the_Apostate" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian the Apostate">Julian</a> had ordered <a href="/wiki/Alypius_of_Antioch" title="Alypius of Antioch">Alypius of Antioch</a> to rebuild the Temple as part of his campaign to strengthen non-Christian religions.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attempt failed, with contemporary accounts mentioning divine fire falling from Heaven but also perhaps due to sabotage, an accidental fire, or an <a href="/wiki/Galilee_earthquake_of_363" class="mw-redirect" title="Galilee earthquake of 363">earthquake in Galilee</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Book of Ezekiel</a> prophesies what would be the Third Temple, noting it as an eternal house of prayer and describing it in detail. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_media">In media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: In media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A journalistic depiction of the controversies around the Jerusalem Temple was presented in the 2010 documentary <i>Lost Temple</i> by Serge Grankin. The film contains interviews with religious and academic authorities involved in the issue. German journalist Dirk-Martin Heinzelmann, featured in the film, presents the point of view of Prof. Joseph Patrich (the Hebrew University), stemming from the underground cistern mapping made by <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Wilson" title="Charles William Wilson">Charles William Wilson</a> (1836–1905).<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/48px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/64px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/36px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/48px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Temple_at_Elephantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Temple at Elephantine">Jewish Temple at Elephantine</a> (7th? 6th? – mid-4th century BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Temple_of_Leontopolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Temple of Leontopolis">Jewish Temple of Leontopolis</a> (c. 170 BCE – 73 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Solomon_(S%C3%A3o_Paulo)" title="Temple of Solomon (São Paulo)">Temple of Solomon (São Paulo)</a>, a replica built by a Brazil-based church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd> <dd><b>Similar Iron Age temples from the region</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Dara_(archaeological_site)" title="Ain Dara (archaeological site)">'Ain Dara</a> temple<sup id="cite_ref-Hess1999_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebla" title="Ebla">Ebla</a> (Temple D)<sup id="cite_ref-Hess1999_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emar" title="Emar">Emar</a> temple<sup id="cite_ref-Hess1999_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbaqat" title="Mumbaqat">Mumbaqat</a> temple<sup id="cite_ref-Hess1999_68-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Tayinat" title="Tell Tayinat">Tell Tayinat</a> temple (8th century BCE)<sup id="cite_ref-Hess1999_68-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hess1999-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lit. "holy of holies"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> echoes this same theme, when he writes <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_War" title="The Jewish War">The Jewish War</a></i> 5.5.2. (5.193–194): "When one proceeds through the cloisters to the second court of the temple, there was a stone partition all round, whose height was three cubits and of most elegant construction. Upon it stood pillars, at equal distances from one another, declaring the law of purity, some in Greek and some in Roman letters, that 'no foreigner should go within the Holy Place,' for that second [court of the] temple was called 'the Holy Place,' and was ascended to by fourteen steps from the first court."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>New American Oxford Dictionary</i>: "Temple".</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMillerHayes2006" class="citation book cs1">Miller, J. Maxwell; Hayes, John H. (2006). <i>A History of Ancient Israel and Judah</i> (2nd ed.). Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 478ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0664223588" title="Special:BookSources/978-0664223588"><bdi>978-0664223588</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Israel+and+Judah&rft.place=Louisville%2C+Kentucky&rft.pages=478ff&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0664223588&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=J.+Maxwell&rft.au=Hayes%2C+John+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2014-08-11/ty-article/.premium/history-of-the-temple-in-jerusalem/0000017f-dc6e-db5a-a57f-dc6e83360000">"The History of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Jewish+Temple+in+Jerusalem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fjewish%2F2014-08-11%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fhistory-of-the-temple-in-jerusalem%2F0000017f-dc6e-db5a-a57f-dc6e83360000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0225.htm#8">Exodus 25:8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt25a22.htm#11">1 Chronicles 22:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JVLtemple-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JVLtemple_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-jewish-temple-beit-hamikdash">"The Jewish Temple (Beit HaMikdash)"</a>. <i>www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124071514/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-jewish-temple-beit-hamikdash">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+Temple+%28Beit+HaMikdash%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fthe-jewish-temple-beit-hamikdash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._A._Williamson" title="G. A. Williamson">Williamson, G. A.</a>, ed. (1980). <i>Josephus – The Jewish War</i>. Middlesex, U.K.: The Penguin Classics. p. 290 (note 2). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/633813720">633813720</a>. <q>Throughout this translation 'Sanctuary' represents Greek <i>naos</i> and denotes the central shrine, while 'Temple' represents <i>hieron</i> and includes the courts, colonnades, etc. surrounding the shrine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Josephus+%E2%80%93+The+Jewish+War&rft.place=Middlesex%2C+U.K.&rft.pages=290+%28note+2%29&rft.pub=The+Penguin+Classics&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F633813720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1170073907">1170073907</a>) (reprint)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0239.htm#40">Exodus 39:40</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaimonides1974" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> (1974). <i>Sefer Mishneh Torah – HaYad Ha-Chazakah (Maimonides' Code of Jewish Law)</i> (in Hebrew). Vol. 4. Jerusalem: Pe'er HaTorah.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sefer+Mishneh+Torah+%E2%80%93+HaYad+Ha-Chazakah+%28Maimonides%27+Code+of+Jewish+Law%29&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Pe%27er+HaTorah&rft.date=1974&rft.au=Maimonides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span>, s.v. Hil. <i>Beit Ha-Bechirah</i> 1:5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODCC_self-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_self_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_self_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Temple, the." Cross, F. L., ed. <i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church.</i> New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Temple-of-Jerusalem">"Temple of Jerusalem | Description, History, & Significance"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020123151/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Temple-of-Jerusalem">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Temple+of+Jerusalem+%7C+Description%2C+History%2C+%26+Significance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FTemple-of-Jerusalem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Deuteronomy%2012:2–27&version=nrsv">Deuteronomy 12:2–27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Will_Durant" title="Will Durant">Durant, Will</a>. <i>Our Oriental Heritage</i>. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1954. p. 307. See 1 Kings 3:2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford History of Ancient Egypt</i>, p. 335, Oxford 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rennert97-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rennert97_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShalem1997" class="citation web cs1">Shalem, Yisrael (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biu.ac.il/JS/rennert/history_4.html">"Second Temple Period (538 BCE to 70 CE): Persian Rule"</a>. <i>Jerusalem: Life Throughout the Ages in a Holy City</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ramat-Gan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramat-Gan">Ramat-Gan</a>, Israel: Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies, <a href="/wiki/Bar-Ilan_University" title="Bar-Ilan University">Bar-Ilan University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181103074019/https://www.biu.ac.il/js/rennert/history_4.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem%3A+Life+Throughout+the+Ages+in+a+Holy+City&rft.atitle=Second+Temple+Period+%28538+BCE+to+70+CE%29%3A+Persian+Rule.&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Shalem&rft.aufirst=Yisrael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biu.ac.il%2FJS%2Frennert%2Fhistory_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaters2014" class="citation book cs1">Waters, Matt (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EjhEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA212"><i>Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, 550–330 BCE</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-00960-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-00960-8"><bdi>978-1-107-00960-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200309080449/https://books.google.com/books?id=EjhEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA212">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Persia%3A+A+Concise+History+of+the+Achaemenid+Empire%2C+550%E2%80%93330+BCE&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-107-00960-8&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEjhEAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Haggai%201:15&version=nrsv">Haggai 1:15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ezra%203:8–10&version=nrsv">Ezra 3:8–10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jamieson-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jamieson_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamiesonFaussetBrown1882" class="citation web cs1">Jamieson, Robert; <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Robert_Fausset" title="Andrew Robert Fausset">Fausset, A. R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Brown_(Free_Church_of_Scotland)" title="David Brown (Free Church of Scotland)">Brown, David</a> (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/jfb/ezra/6.htm">"Ezra 6:13–15. The Temple Finished"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jamieson-Fausset-Brown_Bible_Commentary" title="Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary">A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191101063026/https://biblehub.com/commentaries/jfb/ezra/6.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2020</span> – via BibleHub.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Commentary%2C+Critical%2C+Practical%2C+and+Explanatory+on+the+Old+and+New+Testaments&rft.atitle=Ezra+6%3A13%E2%80%9315.+The+Temple+Finished.&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Jamieson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Fausset%2C+A.+R.&rft.au=Brown%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fcommentaries%2Fjfb%2Fezra%2F6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdelman2014" class="citation book cs1">Edelman, Diana (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T5zCBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA103">"The Seventy-Year Tradition Revisited"</a>. <i>The Origins of the 'Second' Temple: Persion Imperial Policy and the Rebuilding of Jerusalem</i> (reprint, revised ed.). Routledge. pp. 103–104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84553-016-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84553-016-7"><bdi>978-1-84553-016-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200311114702/https://books.google.com/books?id=T5zCBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA103">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Seventy-Year+Tradition+Revisited&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+%27Second%27+Temple%3A+Persion+Imperial+Policy+and+the+Rebuilding+of+Jerusalem&rft.pages=103-104&rft.edition=reprint%2C+revised&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-84553-016-7&rft.aulast=Edelman&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT5zCBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RATIONAL_PROOFS_AND_TRADITIONAL_ARGUMENTS_FROM_THE_SACRED_SCRIPTURES-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RATIONAL_PROOFS_AND_TRADITIONAL_ARGUMENTS_FROM_THE_SACRED_SCRIPTURES_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF'Abdu'l-Baha" class="citation book cs1">'Abdu'l-Baha (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/abdul-baha/some-answered-questions/#f=f4-151"><i>Some Answered Questions</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211235108/https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/abdul-baha/some-answered-questions/#f=f4-151">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Answered+Questions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bahai.org%2Flibrary%2Fauthoritative-texts%2Fabdul-baha%2Fsome-answered-questions%2F%23f%3Df4-151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ou.org/judaism-101/bios/leaders-in-the-talmudic-period/shimon-hatzaddik/">"Shimon HaTzaddik"</a>. <i>Orthodox Union</i>. 14 June 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814143903/https://www.ou.org/judaism-101/bios/leaders-in-the-talmudic-period/shimon-hatzaddik/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orthodox+Union&rft.atitle=Shimon+HaTzaddik&rft.date=2006-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ou.org%2Fjudaism-101%2Fbios%2Fleaders-in-the-talmudic-period%2Fshimon-hatzaddik%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>The New Complete Works</i>, translated by William Whiston, Kregel Publications, 1999, "Antiquites" Book 14:4, pp. 459–460</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Grant, <i>The Jews in the Roman World</i>, Barnes & Noble, 1973, p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Richardson, <i>Herod: King of the Jews and Friend of the Romans</i>, Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1996, pp. 98–99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>The New Complete Works</i>, translated by William Whiston, <a href="/wiki/Kregel_Publications" title="Kregel Publications">Kregel Publications</a>, 1999, "Antiquites" Book 14:7, p. 463</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Grant, <i>The Jews in the Roman World</i>, Barnes & Noble, 1973, p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ia-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ia_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monument;ISL;pa;Mon01;3;en">"Aqsa Mosque – Discover Islamic Art – Virtual Museum"</a>. <i>islamicart.museumwnf.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=islamicart.museumwnf.org&rft.atitle=Aqsa+Mosque+%E2%80%93+Discover+Islamic+Art+%E2%80%93+Virtual+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamicart.museumwnf.org%2Fdatabase_item.php%3Fid%3Dmonument%3BISL%3Bpa%3BMon01%3B3%3Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.681589">"Were there Jewish Temples on Temple Mount? Yes – Israel News"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025003942/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.681589">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Were+there+Jewish+Temples+on+Temple+Mount%3F+Yes+%E2%80%93+Israel+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F.premium-1.681589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/were-there-jewish-temples-on-temple-mount-yes-1.5411705">"Were There Jewish Temples on Temple Mount? Yes"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025003942/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.681589">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Were+There+Jewish+Temples+on+Temple+Mount%3F+Yes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fwere-there-jewish-temples-on-temple-mount-yes-1.5411705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoskoff2022" class="citation web cs1">Moskoff, Harry H. (10 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/article-696068">"Is there new evidence of Jewish Temple treasures in the Vatican?"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%7C+JPost.com&rft.atitle=Is+there+new+evidence+of+Jewish+Temple+treasures+in+the+Vatican%3F&rft.date=2022-02-10&rft.aulast=Moskoff&rft.aufirst=Harry+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fjerusalem-report%2Farticle-696068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See article in the <i>World Jewish Digest</i>, April 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.54a.7?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi">"Berakhot 54a:7"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608104932/https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.54a.7?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Berakhot+54a%3A7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FBerakhot.54a.7%3Fven%3DWilliam_Davidson_Edition_-_English%26lang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.54b.2?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi">"Yoma 54b:2"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608104940/https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.54b.2?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yoma+54b%3A2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FYoma.54b.2%3Fven%3DWilliam_Davidson_Edition_-_English%26lang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.26b.5?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi">"Sanhedrin 26b:5"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608104936/https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.26b.5?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sanhedrin+26b%3A5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FSanhedrin.26b.5%3Fven%3DWilliam_Davidson_Edition_-_English%26lang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+19:14;+26:2&version=NRSV">Jeremiah 19:14; 26:2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%206:36&version=nrsv">1 Kings 6:36</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%204:9&version=nrsv">2 Chr. 4:9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Chronicles%203:5&version=nrsv">2 Chr. 3:5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%206:17&version=nrsv">1 Kings 6:17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Mishna Tractate Midos</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mishna+Tractate+Midos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ou.org/torah/tt/5764/vayeitzei64/mikdash.htm">Sheyibaneh Beit Hamikdash: Women in the Azara?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060729212719/http://www.ou.org/torah/tt/5764/vayeitzei64/mikdash.htm">Archived</a> 2006-07-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (<i>Yoma</i> 25a)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> <i>Taharoth</i> 6:8, Commentary of Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Hai_Gaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai Gaon">Hai Gaon</a>, s.v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">בסילקי</span>‎</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yoma 37a.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yoma 37b; <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> Yoma 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Numbers%2019–22&version=nrsv">Numbers 19–22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yoma l.c.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09a08.htm#33">1 Kings 8:33–39</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Birnbaum-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Birnbaum_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirnbaum1975" class="citation book cs1">Birnbaum, Philip (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/541">"Kodashim"</a></span>. <i>A Book of Jewish Concepts</i>. New York, New York: Hebrew Publishing Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/541">541–542</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/088482876X" title="Special:BookSources/088482876X"><bdi>088482876X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kodashim&rft.btitle=A+Book+of+Jewish+Concepts&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=541-542&rft.pub=Hebrew+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=088482876X&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofjewishconc00birn%2Fpage%2F541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soncino-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Soncino_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soncino_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpstein1948" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isidore_Epstein" title="Isidore Epstein">Epstein, Isidore</a>, ed. (1948). "Introduction to Seder Kodashim". <i>The Babylonian Talmud</i>. Vol. 5. Singer, M. H. (translator). London: The Soncino Press. pp. xvii–xxi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Seder+Kodashim&rft.btitle=The+Babylonian+Talmud&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xvii-xxi&rft.pub=The+Soncino+Press&rft.date=1948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EJ-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EJ_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EJ_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArzi1978" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Arzi, Abraham (1978). "Kodashim". <i>Encyclopedia Judaica</i>. Vol. 10 (1st ed.). Jerusalem, Israel: Keter Publishing House Ltd. pp. 1126–1127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kodashim&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Judaica&rft.place=Jerusalem%2C+Israel&rft.pages=1126-1127&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Keter+Publishing+House+Ltd.&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Arzi&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.divreinavon.com/pdf/SinatHinam.pdf">"Gratuitous Hatred – What is it and Why is it so bad?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710135056/http://www.divreinavon.com/pdf/SinatHinam.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gratuitous+Hatred+%E2%80%93+What+is+it+and+Why+is+it+so+bad%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.divreinavon.com%2Fpdf%2FSinatHinam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0008_0_08528.html">"Hatred"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092835/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0008_0_08528.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hatred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fjudaica%2Fejud_0002_0008_0_08528.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-liberation-of-the-temple-mount-and-western-wall-june-1967">"The Liberation of the Temple Mount and Western Wall (June 1967)"</a>. <i>www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170330005830/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-liberation-of-the-temple-mount-and-western-wall-june-1967">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft.atitle=The+Liberation+of+the+Temple+Mount+and+Western+Wall+%28June+1967%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fthe-liberation-of-the-temple-mount-and-western-wall-june-1967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sixdaywar.org/content/ReunificationJerusalem.asp">"1967: Reunification of Jerusalem"</a>. <i>www.sixdaywar.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308074552/http://www.sixdaywar.org/content/ReunificationJerusalem.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sixdaywar.org&rft.atitle=1967%3A+Reunification+of+Jerusalem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sixdaywar.org%2Fcontent%2FReunificationJerusalem.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2024:2&version=nrsv">Matthew 24:2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Jennifer A. Harris, "The Body as Temple in the High Middle Ages", in Albert I. Baumgarten ed., <i>Sacrifice in Religious Experience</i>, Leiden, 2002, pp. 233–256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rts-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rts_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2018" class="citation journal cs1">Anderson, James (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/GrubbIslam.pdf">"The Centrality of Covenant Theology to the Islamic Faith"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Reformed Theological Seminary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414132842/https://rts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/GrubbIslam.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reformed+Theological+Seminary&rft.atitle=The+Centrality+of+Covenant+Theology+to+the+Islamic+Faith&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frts.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F01%2FGrubbIslam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-halaqa-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-halaqa_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr2020" class="citation web cs1">Carr, Gregory (18 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halaqa.home.blog/2020/03/18/a-brief-history-of-the-temple-of-jerusalem/">"A Brief History of the Temple of Jerusalem"</a>. <i>Halaqa</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625152838/https://halaqa.home.blog/2020/03/18/a-brief-history-of-the-temple-of-jerusalem/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Halaqa&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Temple+of+Jerusalem&rft.date=2020-03-18&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhalaqa.home.blog%2F2020%2F03%2F18%2Fa-brief-history-of-the-temple-of-jerusalem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sabeel-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sabeel_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabeel-travels.co.uk/40-ahadith-masjid-al-aqsa/">"Masjid Al Aqsa: The Best Place of Residence – 40 Ahadith"</a>. <i>Sabeel Travels</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508085327/https://sabeel-travels.co.uk/40-ahadith-masjid-al-aqsa/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sabeel+Travels&rft.atitle=Masjid+Al+Aqsa%3A+The+Best+Place+of+Residence+%E2%80%93+40+Ahadith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabeel-travels.co.uk%2F40-ahadith-masjid-al-aqsa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Spiritual Significance of Jerusalem: The Islamic Vision. The Islamic Quarterly. 4 (1998): pp. 233–242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-margolis-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-margolis_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargolis2001" class="citation journal cs1">Margolis, David (23 February 2001). "The Muslim Zionist". <i>Los Angeles Jewish Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Jewish+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Muslim+Zionist&rft.date=2001-02-23&rft.aulast=Margolis&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ammianus Marcellinus, <i>Res Gestae</i>, 23.1.2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1633222/">"Lost Temple"</a>. 1 January 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019165923/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1633222/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2018</span> – via IMDb.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lost+Temple&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt1633222%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hess1999-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_68-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hess1999_68-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonson1999" class="citation book cs1">Monson, John M. (June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lk_xLfQ_SRAC&pg=PA16">"The Temple of Solomon: Heart of Jerusalem"</a>. In Hess, Richard S.; Wenham, Gordon J. (eds.). <i>Zion, city of our God</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 12–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4426-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4426-2"><bdi>978-0-8028-4426-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629020614/http://books.google.com/books?id=Lk_xLfQ_SRAC&pg=PA16">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Temple+of+Solomon%3A+Heart+of+Jerusalem&rft.btitle=Zion%2C+city+of+our+God&rft.pages=12-19&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1999-06&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4426-2&rft.aulast=Monson&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLk_xLfQ_SRAC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemple+in+Jerusalem" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Archaeology_Review" title="Biblical Archaeology Review">Biblical Archaeology Review</a></i>, issues: July/August 1983, November/December 1989, March/April 1992, July/August 1999, September/October 1999, March/April 2000, September/October 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leen_Ritmeyer" title="Leen Ritmeyer">Ritmeyer, Leen</a>. <i>The Quest: Revealing the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.</i> Jerusalem:, Israel Carta, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-220-628-8" title="Special:BookSources/965-220-628-8">965-220-628-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Hamblin" title="William J. Hamblin">Hamblin, William</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Seely" class="mw-redirect" title="David Seely">David Seely</a>, <i>Solomon's Temple: Myth and History</i> (Thames and Hudson, 2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-25133-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-25133-9">0-500-25133-9</a></li> <li>Yaron Eliav, <i>God's Mountain: The Temple Mount in Time, Place and Memory</i> (Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005)</li> <li>Rachel Elior, <i>The Jerusalem Temple: The Representation of the Imperceptible</i>, <i>Studies in Spirituality</i> 11 (2001), pp. 126–143</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_in_Jerusalem&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jerusalem.livetourism.tv/video.php?video_id=9629">Visit of the Temple Institute Museum in Jerusalem conducted by Rav Israel Ariel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.ag/ezekiel.htm">Video tour of a model of the future temple described in Ezekiel chapters 40–49 from a Christian perspective</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529140203/http://bible.ag/ezekiel.htm">Archived</a> 2008-05-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Elior" title="Rachel Elior">Rachel Elior</a>, "The Jerusalem Temple – The Representation of the Imperceptible", Studies in Spirituality 11 (2001): 126–143</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/GrubbIslam.pdf">The Centrality of Covenant Theology to the Islamic Faith</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halaqa.home.blog/2020/03/18/a-brief-history-of-the-temple-of-jerusalem/">A Brief History of the Temple of Jerusalem</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Temple_in_Jerusalem&params=31_46_40_N_35_14_08_E_region:IL_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°46′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°14′08″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.77778°N 35.23556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.77778; 35.23556</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Temple_Mount_/_Al-Aqsa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Temple_Mount_and_Al-Aqsa" title="Template:Temple Mount and Al-Aqsa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Temple_Mount_and_Al-Aqsa" title="Template talk:Temple Mount and Al-Aqsa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Temple_Mount_and_Al-Aqsa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Temple Mount and Al-Aqsa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Temple_Mount_/_Al-Aqsa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> / <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayer halls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Stables" title="Solomon's Stables">Marwani Prayer Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Ascension" title="Dome of the Ascension">Dome of the Ascension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Chain" title="Dome of the Chain">Dome of the Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_al-Khidr" title="Dome of al-Khidr">Dome of al-Khidr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_al-Khalili" title="Dome of al-Khalili">Dome of al-Khalili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Prophet" title="Dome of the Prophet">Dome of the Prophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Spirits" title="Dome of the Spirits">Dome of the Spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_Yusuf" title="Dome of Yusuf">Dome of Yusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_Yusuf_Agha" title="Dome of Yusuf Agha">Dome of Yusuf Agha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Qasim_Pasha" title="Fountain of Qasim Pasha">Fountain of Qasim Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Qayt_Bay" title="Fountain of Qayt Bay">Fountain of Qayt Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-N%C4%81ranj_Pool" title="An-Nāranj Pool">An-Nāranj Pool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Museum,_Jerusalem" title="Islamic Museum, Jerusalem">Islamic Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Library" title="Al-Aqsa Library">Library</a></li> <li>Madrasas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa_al-Ashrafiyya" title="Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya">Ashrafiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tankiziyya" title="Tankiziyya">Tankiziyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthmaniyya_Madrasa_(Jerusalem)" title="Al-Uthmaniyya Madrasa (Jerusalem)">Uthmaniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatuniyya_Madrasa_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatuniyya Madrasa (Jerusalem)">Khatuniyya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Walls and entries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minarets_of_the_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Minarets of the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound">Minarets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mawazin" title="Al-Mawazin">Al-Mawazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount" title="Gates of the Temple Mount">Gates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspector%27s_Gate" title="Inspector's Gate">Inspector's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Merchants%27_Gate" title="Cotton Merchants' Gate">Cotton Merchants'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_Gate_(Jerusalem)" title="Chain Gate (Jerusalem)">Chain</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Islamic Waqf">Jerusalem Islamic Waqf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_is_in_danger" title="Al-Aqsa is in danger">Al-Aqsa is in danger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabitat" title="Murabitat">Murabitat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Aqsa_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Aqsa massacre (page does not exist)">Al-Aqsa massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Flood">Al-Aqsa Flood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jewish elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Temple</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Bible)" title="Altar (Bible)">Altar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hekhal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hekhal">Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molten_Sea" title="Molten Sea">Molten Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Porch" title="Solomon's Porch">Solomon's Porch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_menorah" title="Temple menorah">Temple menorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_treasury" title="Temple treasury">Temple treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren%27s_Gate" title="Warren's Gate">Warren's Gate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_denial" title="Temple denial">Temple denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_the_Jewish_Temple" title="Replicas of the Jewish Temple">Replicas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holyland_Model_of_Jerusalem" title="Holyland Model of Jerusalem">Holyland Model of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schick_models_of_Jerusalem" title="Schick models of Jerusalem">Schick models of Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Western_Wall" title="Little Western Wall">Little Western Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dung_Gate" title="Dung Gate">Dung Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Wall_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Western Wall Heritage Foundation">The Western Wall Heritage Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughrabi_Bridge" title="Mughrabi Bridge">Mughrabi Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placing_notes_in_the_Western_Wall" title="Placing notes in the Western Wall">Placing notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Stone" title="Western Stone">Western Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_Arch_(Jerusalem)" title="Wilson's Arch (Jerusalem)">Wilson's Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Stone" title="Western Stone">Western Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall_Tunnel" title="Western Wall Tunnel">Western Wall Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kotel_compromise" title="Kotel compromise">Kotel compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Western_Wall_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="1930 Western Wall Commission">Western Wall Commission</a></li> <li>Advocacy groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HaLiba" title="HaLiba">HaLiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Temple_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="The Temple Institute">The Temple Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_Faithful" title="Temple Mount Faithful">Temple Mount Faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon_of_the_Wall" title="Platoon of the Wall">Platoon of the Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro%E2%80%93Wailing_Wall_Committee" title="Pro–Wailing Wall Committee">Pro–Wailing Wall Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_for_the_Wall" title="Women for the Wall">Women for the Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_the_Wall" title="Women of the Wall">Women of the Wall</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shekhinah" title="Shekhinah">Shekhinah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_seat" title="Mercy seat">Mercy seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boaz_and_Jachin" title="Boaz and Jachin">Boaz and Jachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinson%27s_Arch" title="Robinson's Arch">Robinson's Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallal" title="Kallal">Urn for ashes of the Red Heifer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Walls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wall" title="Eastern Wall">Eastern Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Wall" title="Southern Wall">Southern Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Hewn_Stones" title="Hall of Hewn Stones">Hall of Hewn Stones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Stone" title="Foundation Stone">Foundation Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acra_(fortress)" title="Acra (fortress)">Acra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fortress" title="Antonia Fortress">Antonia Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birket_Israel" title="Birket Israel">Birket Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_Baris" title="Hasmonean Baris">Hasmonean Baris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_the_Virgins" title="Monastery of the Virgins">Monastery of the Virgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_of_Raranj" class="mw-redirect" title="Pool of Raranj">Pool of Raranj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Baris" title="Ptolemaic Baris">Ptolemaic Baris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Stoa_(Jerusalem)" title="Royal Stoa (Jerusalem)">Royal Stoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Stables" title="Solomon's Stables">Solomon's Stables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struthion_Pool" title="Struthion Pool">Struthion Pool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount" title="Gates of the Temple Mount">Gates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mawazin" title="Al-Mawazin">Al-Mawazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_(Jerusalem)" title="Golden Gate (Jerusalem)">Golden Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huldah_Gates" title="Huldah Gates">Huldah Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lions%27_Gate" title="Lions' Gate">Lions' Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren%27s_Gate" title="Warren's Gate">Warren's Gate</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Gate" title="Beautiful Gate">Beautiful Gate</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Excavations_at_the_Temple_Mount" title="Excavations at the Temple Mount">Excavations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_remnants_of_the_Jerusalem_Temple" title="Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple">Archaeological remnants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_Sifting_Project" title="Temple Mount Sifting Project">Temple Mount Sifting Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Prevention_of_Destruction_of_Antiquities_on_the_Temple_Mount" title="Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount">Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan#Assassination" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Assassination of Abdullah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_mosque_fire" title="Al-Aqsa mosque fire">1969 arson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque clashes">Al-Aqsa Mosque clashes</a> (<a href="/wiki/1990_Temple_Mount_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Temple Mount riots">1990 riots</a>, <a href="/wiki/2009_Temple_Mount_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Temple Mount clashes">2009 clashes</a>, <a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">2015–2016 wave of violence</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_Temple_Mount_crisis" title="2017 Temple Mount crisis">2017 crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_Temple_Mount_shooting" title="2017 Temple Mount shooting">2017 shooting</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">2021 crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2022 Al-Aqsa clashes">2022 clashes</a>, <a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2023 Al-Aqsa clashes">2023 clashes</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Status_Quo_(Jerusalem_and_Bethlehem)" title="Status Quo (Jerusalem and Bethlehem)">Status quo of Holy Land sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashemite_custodianship_of_Jerusalem_holy_sites" title="Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites">Hashemite custodianship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount_entry_restrictions" title="Temple Mount entry restrictions">Entry restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templum_Domini" title="Templum Domini">Templum Domini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_of_Souls" title="Well of Souls">Well of Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navel_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Navel of the World">Navel of the World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Temple_Mount" title="Category:Temple Mount">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jews_and_Judaism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Template:Jews and Judaism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Template talk:Jews and Judaism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jews and Judaism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jews_and_Judaism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Judaism" title="Outline of Judaism">Outline of Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Jewish_history-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Jewish history-related articles">Index of Jewish history-related articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jewish_history" title="Timeline of Jewish history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Judaism" title="Origins of Judaism">Origins of Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Ancient Israel and Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogal_Judaism" title="Synagogal Judaism">Synagogal Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_population_by_country" title="Jewish population by country">Population</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_assimilation" title="Jewish assimilation">Assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_atheism" title="Jewish atheism">Atheists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Buddhist" title="Jewish Buddhist">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Israeli Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Jews" title="Lists of Jews">Lists of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueta_Christianity" title="Xueta Christianity">Xueta Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism,_race_and_genetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionism, race and genetics">Zionism, race and genetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentile" title="Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groups_claiming_affiliation_with_Israelites" title="Groups claiming affiliation with Israelites">Groups claiming affiliation with Israelites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Diaspora" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner-Jews" title="Afrikaner-Jews">Afrikaner-Jode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuts" title="Chuts">Chuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Jews" title="Galician Jews">Galitzianers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvaks" title="Litvaks">Lita'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlander_Jews" title="Oberlander Jews">Oberlander Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Udmurtia_and_Tatarstan" title="History of the Jews in Udmurtia and Tatarstan">Udmurt and Tatar Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterlander_Jews" title="Unterlander Jews">Unterlander Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekke" title="Yekke">Yekkes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Abraham" title="Beta Abraham">Beta Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falash_Mura" title="Falash Mura">Falash Mura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_Jews" title="Desi Jews">Desi Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Kochinim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh" title="Dönmeh">Dönmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Gruzínim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Jews" title="Italian Jews">Italkim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neofiti" title="Neofiti">Neofiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinopolitan_Karaites" title="Constantinopolitan Karaites">Constantinopolitan Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kurdistan" title="History of the Jews in Kurdistan">Kurdish Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_Jews" title="Maghrebi Jews">Maghrebi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Jews" title="Berber Jews">Berber Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Afghanistan" title="History of the Jews in Afghanistan">Afghan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Alexandria" title="History of the Jews in Alexandria">Alexandrian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdadi_Jews" title="Baghdadi Jews">Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Egypt" title="History of the Jews in Egypt">Egyptian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Mountain Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Palestinian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Jews">Persian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfalim" title="Urfalim">Urfalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Teimanim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adeni_Jews" title="Adeni Jews">Adeni Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habbani_Jews" title="Habbani Jews">Ḥabbanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hadramaut" title="History of the Jews in Hadramaut">Hadhrami Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saada" title="History of the Jews in Saada">Saada Jews</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musta%27arabi_Jews" title="Musta'arabi Jews">Mustaʿravim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_tribes_of_Arabia" title="Jewish tribes of Arabia">Jewish tribes of Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romaniote_Jews" title="Romaniote Jews">Romaniote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews" title="Spanish and Portuguese Jews">Eastern Sephardim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Livorno" title="History of the Jews in Livorno">Livornese Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_African_Sephardim" title="North African Sephardim">North African Sephardim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradesi_Jews" title="Paradesi Jews">Paradesi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meshuchrarim" title="Meshuchrarim">Meshuchrarim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Bnei_Anusim" title="Sephardic Bnei Anusim">Sephardic Bnei Anusim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xueta" title="Xueta">Xuetes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_languages" title="Jewish languages">Languages</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_diaspora_languages" title="List of Jewish diaspora languages">Diasporic</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Hebrew" title="Ashkenazi Hebrew">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Hebrew" title="Sephardi Hebrew">Sephardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Hebrew" title="Mizrahi Hebrew">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Hebrew" title="Yemenite Hebrew">Yemenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberian_Hebrew" title="Tiberian Hebrew">Tiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manually_coded_language#List_of_signed_languages" title="Manually coded language">Signed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Hebrew" title="Medieval Hebrew">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnaic_Hebrew" title="Mishnaic Hebrew">Mishnaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_vocalization" title="Babylonian vocalization">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_vocalization" title="Palestinian vocalization">Palestinian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Catalan" title="Judaeo-Catalan">Catalanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Berber_language" title="Judeo-Berber language">Judeo-Amazigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Arabic languages">Judeo-Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iraqi_Arabic" title="Judeo-Iraqi Arabic">Yahudic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Jewish_Arabic" title="Baghdad Jewish Arabic">Judeo-Baghdadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Moroccan_Arabic" title="Judeo-Moroccan Arabic">Judeo-Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tripolitanian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic">Judeo-Tripolitanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tunisian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tunisian Arabic">Judeo-Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Yemeni_Arabic" title="Judeo-Yemeni Arabic">Judeo-Yemeni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Aramaic_languages" title="Judeo-Aramaic languages">Judaeo-Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Targum_(Aramaic_dialects)" title="Targum (Aramaic dialects)">Targum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Barzani" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Barzani">Barzani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Betanure" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Betanure">Betanure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Zab_Jewish_Neo-Aramaic" title="Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic">Hulaulá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Zakho" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho">Lishana Deni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Urmia" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Urmia">Lishán Didán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Zab_Jewish_Neo-Aramaic" title="Inter-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic">Lishanid Noshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Aramaic" title="Biblical Aramaic">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Babylonian_Aramaic" title="Jewish Babylonian Aramaic">Talmudic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Palestinian_Aramaic" title="Jewish Palestinian Aramaic">Palestinian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galilean_dialect" title="Galilean dialect">Galilean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Aragonese" title="Judaeo-Aragonese">Judeo-Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_English_varieties" title="Jewish English varieties">Jewish English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinglish" class="mw-redirect" title="Yinglish">Yinglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heblish" class="mw-redirect" title="Heblish">Heblish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Gascon" title="Judeo-Gascon">Judeo-Gascon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Judaeo-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian languages">Judeo-Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Piedmontese" title="Judaeo-Piedmontese">Judaeo-Piedmontese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Latin" title="Judeo-Latin">Judeo-Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malayalam" title="Judeo-Malayalam">Judeo-Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Marathi" title="Judeo-Marathi">Judeo-Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Judeo-Provençal">Judaeo-Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Persian" title="Judeo-Persian">Judeo-Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukharian_(Judeo-Tajik_dialect)" title="Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)">Bukhori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Borujerdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Borujerdi">Judeo-Borujerdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Golpaygani" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Golpaygani">Judeo-Golpaygani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Hamedani" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Hamedani">Judeo-Hamedani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Shirazi" title="Judeo-Shirazi">Judeo-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tat" title="Judeo-Tat">Juhuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Portuguese" title="Judaeo-Portuguese">Judaeo-Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Urdu" title="Judeo-Urdu">Judeo-Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayla_dialect" title="Kayla dialect">Kayliñña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Kivruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knaanic_language" title="Knaanic language">Knaanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Koine_Greek" title="Jewish Koine Greek">Koiné Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachoudisch" title="Lachoudisch">Lachoudisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Ladino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetuani_Ladino" title="Tetuani Ladino">Tetuani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotegorisch" title="Lotegorisch">Lotegorisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qwara_dialect" title="Qwara dialect">Qwareña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Jewish_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Jewish Sign Language">Shassagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Shassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Judeo-Provençal">Shuadit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" title="Yiddish dialects">dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Yiddish">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galitzish" class="mw-redirect" title="Galitzish">Galitzish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Yiddish">Litvish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poylish" class="mw-redirect" title="Poylish">Poylish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Klezmer-loshn" title="Klezmer-loshn">Klezmer-loshn</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Yiddish">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Alsatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Alsatian">Judeo-Alsatian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lachoudisch" title="Lachoudisch">Lachoudisch</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots-Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Yiddish">Scots-Yiddish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarphatic_language" title="Zarphatic language">Zarphatic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_principles_of_faith" title="Jewish principles of faith">Beliefs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">Mitzvah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_authority" title="Rabbinic authority">Rabbinic authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_as_the_chosen_people" title="Jews as the chosen people">Chosen people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Judaism" title="Conversion to Judaism">Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Eschatology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_in_Judaism" title="Holiness in Judaism">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">Names of God</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskalah" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sefirot" title="Sefirot">Sefirot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_is_a_Jew%3F" title="Who is a Jew?">Who is a Jew?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Branches_of_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Branches of Judaism">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">Religious movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvishe" class="mw-redirect" title="Litvishe">Litvaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Hasidism" title="Neo-Hasidism">Neo-Hasidism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolog_Judaism" title="Neolog Judaism">Neolog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationships_between_Jewish_religious_movements" title="Relationships between Jewish religious movements">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Science" title="Jewish Science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_schisms" title="Jewish schisms">Schisms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_literature" title="Jewish literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sifrei_Kodesh" title="Sifrei Kodesh">Sifrei Kodesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a>/Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_texts_of_Kabbalah" title="Primary texts of Kabbalah">Kabbalah texts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hekhalot_literature" title="Hekhalot literature">Hekhalot literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardes_Rimonim" title="Pardes Rimonim">Pardes Rimonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_HaBahir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer HaBahir">Sefer HaBahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etz_Chaim_(book)" title="Etz Chaim (book)">Sefer HaEtz Chaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Raziel_HaMalakh" title="Sefer Raziel HaMalakh">Sefer Raziel HaMalakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Yetzirah" title="Sefer Yetzirah">Sefer Yetzirah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">Siddur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_literature" title="Hebrew literature">Hebrew literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_astrology" title="Jewish astrology">Astrology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_astrology" title="Jewish views on astrology">perspectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monen" title="Monen">Monen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_astronomy" title="Hebrew astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_education" title="Jewish education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Leadership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe">Rebbe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Divorce in Judaism">Divorce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_mythology" title="Jewish mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazzan" title="Hazzan">Hazzan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_symbolism" title="Jewish symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_studies" title="Jewish studies">Studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Jewish_History" title="Center for Jewish History">Center for Jewish History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Historical_Society" title="American Jewish Historical Society">American Jewish Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sephardi_Federation" title="American Sephardi Federation">American Sephardi Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Baeck_Institute_New_York" title="Leo Baeck Institute New York">Leo Baeck Institute New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University_Museum" title="Yeshiva University Museum">Yeshiva University Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIVO" title="YIVO">YIVO Institute for Jewish Research</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_of_Contemporary_Jewish_Documentation" title="Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation">Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Judaica" title="Encyclopaedia Judaica">Encyclopaedia Judaica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic studies on Jews">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew_(word)" title="Jew (word)">Jew (word)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel">National Library of Israel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_YIVO_Encyclopedia_of_Jews_in_Eastern_Europe" title="The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe">YIVO Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_the_Holocaust" title="Encyclopedia of the Holocaust">Encyclopedia of the Holocaust</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust Encyclopedia">Holocaust Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_other_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism and other religions">Relations with other religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Christianity and Judaism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Anabaptist–Jewish relations">Anabaptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Judaism" title="Catholic Church and Judaism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_Mormonism" title="Judaism and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_and_Judaism" title="Protestantism and Judaism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Halloween" title="Jews and Halloween">Jews and Halloween</a></li></ul></li> <li>non-Christian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism and Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">Hinduism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Category:Jews and Judaism">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/14px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/21px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/28px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></b></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hanukkahחֲנֻכָּה" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanukkah" title="Template:Hanukkah"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hanukkah" title="Template talk:Hanukkah"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hanukkah" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hanukkah"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hanukkahחֲנֻכָּה" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Hanukkah</li><li>חֲנֻכָּה</li></ul></div></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Hanukkah_traditions" title="Category:Hanukkah traditions">Traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_menorah" title="Hanukkah menorah">Hanukkah menorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreidel" title="Dreidel">Dreidel (Sevivon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_gelt" title="Hanukkah gelt">Gelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_menorah" title="Public menorah">Public menorah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biscochos" title="Biscochos">Biscochos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrniki" title="Syrniki">Syrniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritas_de_prasa" title="Fritas de prasa">Fritas de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latke" title="Latke">Latke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noodle_latkes" title="Noodle latkes">Noodle latkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfenj" title="Sfenj">Sfenj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufganiyah" title="Sufganiyah">Sufganiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B1uelo" title="Buñuelo">Buñuelos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_music" title="Hanukkah music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ma%27oz_Tzur" title="Ma'oz Tzur">Ma'oz Tzur</a> (Rock of Ages)"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Haneirot_Halalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haneirot Halalu (page does not exist)">Haneirot Halalu</a> (These lights)"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Odecha_Ki_Tovot_Gamalta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odecha Ki Tovot Gamalta (page does not exist)">Odecha Ki Tovot Gamalta</a> (I will Thank You)"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ichlu_Mashmanim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ichlu Mashmanim (page does not exist)">Ichlu Mashmanim</a> (Eat Fattened Animals)"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Little_Dreidel" title="I Have a Little Dreidel">I Have a Little Dreidel</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oh_Chanukah" title="Oh Chanukah">Oh Chanukah</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Chanukah_Song" title="The Chanukah Song">The Chanukah Song</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Erran_Baron_Cohen_Presents:_Songs_in_the_Key_of_Hanukkah" title="Erran Baron Cohen Presents: Songs in the Key of Hanukkah">Erran Baron Cohen Presents: Songs in the Key of Hanukkah</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Light_One_Candle" title="Light One Candle">Light One Candle</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Puppy_for_Hanukkah" class="mw-redirect" title="Puppy for Hanukkah">Puppy for Hanukkah</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hanukkah_Sessions" title="The Hanukkah Sessions">The Hanukkah Sessions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_film" title="Hanukkah film">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eight_Crazy_Nights" title="Eight Crazy Nights">Eight Crazy Nights</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Full-Court_Miracle" title="Full-Court Miracle">Full-Court Miracle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hebrew_Hammer_(film)" title="The Hebrew Hammer (film)">The Hebrew Hammer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_in_television" title="Hanukkah in television">In television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_One_with_the_Holiday_Armadillo" class="mw-redirect" title="The One with the Holiday Armadillo">The One with the Holiday Armadillo</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Rugrats_Chanukah" title="A Rugrats Chanukah">A Rugrats Chanukah</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festigal" title="Festigal">Festigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latke%E2%80%93Hamantash_Debate" title="Latke–Hamantash Debate">Latke–Hamantash Debate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgivukkah" title="Thanksgivukkah">Thanksgivukkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallel" title="Hallel">Hallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_bush" title="Hanukkah bush">Hanukkah bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_Harry" title="Hanukkah Harry">Hanukkah Harry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elf_on_the_Shelf#Mensch_on_a_Bench" title="The Elf on the Shelf">Mensch on a Bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrismukkah" title="Chrismukkah">Chrismukkah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chanukia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hanukkah"><img alt="Hanukkah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chanukia.jpg/100px-Chanukia.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chanukia.jpg/150px-Chanukia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chanukia.jpg/200px-Chanukia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maccabean_Revolt" title="Maccabean Revolt">Maccabean <br />Revolt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Temple in Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maccabees" title="Maccabees">Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical accounts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Maccabees" class="mw-redirect" title="Books of Maccabees">Books of Maccabees</a> (1 and 2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The War of the Jews">The War of the Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_of_the_cruse_of_oil" title="Miracle of the cruse of oil">Miracle of the cruse of oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mattathias" title="Mattathias">Mattathias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gaddi" title="John Gaddi">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Thassi" title="Simon Thassi">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Maccabeus" title="Judas Maccabeus">Judas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_Avaran" title="Eleazar Avaran">Eleazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Apphus" title="Jonathan Apphus">Jonathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus IV Epiphanes">Antiochus IV Epiphanes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ma%27aleh_Levona" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ma'aleh Levona">Ma'aleh Levona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beth_Horon_(166_BC)" title="Battle of Beth Horon (166 BC)">Beth Horon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Emmaus" title="Battle of Emmaus">Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beth_Zur" title="Battle of Beth Zur">Beth Zur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maccabee_campaigns_of_163_BC" title="Maccabee campaigns of 163 BC">Campaigns of 163 BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beth_Zechariah" title="Battle of Beth Zechariah">Beth Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adasa" title="Battle of Adasa">Adasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elasa" title="Battle of Elasa">Elasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3906600#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3906600#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3906600#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/249028635">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4199822-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jeruzalémský chrám"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko20191033469&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000176749&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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