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title="Air power">Air power</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Concept of military aviation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Air power" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind power</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Air_Power_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Air Power (disambiguation)">Air Power</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Airpower" title="Special:EditPage/Airpower">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Airpower%22">"Airpower"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Airpower%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Airpower%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Airpower%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Airpower%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Airpower%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22_Raptor_Andrews_Air-force_Base.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/F-22_Raptor_Andrews_Air-force_Base.jpg/220px-F-22_Raptor_Andrews_Air-force_Base.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/F-22_Raptor_Andrews_Air-force_Base.jpg/330px-F-22_Raptor_Andrews_Air-force_Base.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/F-22_Raptor_Andrews_Air-force_Base.jpg/440px-F-22_Raptor_Andrews_Air-force_Base.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2955" data-file-height="1970" /></a><figcaption>The USAF's <a href="/wiki/F-22_Raptor" class="mw-redirect" title="F-22 Raptor">F-22 Raptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_superiority_fighter" title="Air superiority fighter">air superiority fighter</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Airpower</b> or <b>air power</b> consists of the application of <a href="/wiki/Military_aviation" title="Military aviation">military aviation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">military strategy</a> and strategic theory to the realm of <a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">aerial warfare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">close air support</a>. Airpower began in the advent of <a href="/wiki/Powered_flight" class="mw-redirect" title="Powered flight">powered flight</a> early in the 20th century. Airpower represents a "complex operating environment that has been subjected to considerable debate".<sup id="cite_ref-British-definition_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-British-definition-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British doctrine defines airpower as "the ability to project power from <a href="/wiki/Sky" title="Sky">the air</a> and <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">space</a> to influence the behaviour of people or the course of events."<sup id="cite_ref-British-definition_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-British-definition-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Australian Experience of Air Power defines Airpower as being composed of <a href="/wiki/Air_supremacy" title="Air supremacy">Control of the Air</a>, Strike, <a href="/wiki/Intelligence,_surveillance,_target_acquisition,_and_reconnaissance#ISR_(Intelligence,_surveillance_and_reconnaissance)" title="Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance">Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Air_Mobility_Group_RAAF" title="Air Mobility Group RAAF">Air Mobility</a> roles.<sup id="cite_ref-Australian_Air_Power_Manual_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australian_Air_Power_Manual-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airpower&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012%EB%85%84_3%EC%9B%94_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_Pratice_Generation_%ED%9B%88%EB%A0%A8_(8)_(7370263820).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2012%EB%85%84_3%EC%9B%94_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_Pratice_Generation_%ED%9B%88%EB%A0%A8_%288%29_%287370263820%29.jpg/400px-2012%EB%85%84_3%EC%9B%94_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_Pratice_Generation_%ED%9B%88%EB%A0%A8_%288%29_%287370263820%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2012%EB%85%84_3%EC%9B%94_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_Pratice_Generation_%ED%9B%88%EB%A0%A8_%288%29_%287370263820%29.jpg/600px-2012%EB%85%84_3%EC%9B%94_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_Pratice_Generation_%ED%9B%88%EB%A0%A8_%288%29_%287370263820%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2012%EB%85%84_3%EC%9B%94_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_Pratice_Generation_%ED%9B%88%EB%A0%A8_%288%29_%287370263820%29.jpg/800px-2012%EB%85%84_3%EC%9B%94_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_Pratice_Generation_%ED%9B%88%EB%A0%A8_%288%29_%287370263820%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="1412" /></a><figcaption>Numerous <a href="/wiki/ROKAF" class="mw-redirect" title="ROKAF">ROKAF</a>'s <a href="/wiki/F-16_Fighting_Falcon" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16 Fighting Falcon</a> jet fighters on a runway</figcaption></figure> <p>Airpower can be considered a function of air supremacy and numbers. Roughly speaking, a combatant side that has 100% or near 100% control of the skies has air supremacy; an advantage of some 70–90% would indicate <a href="/wiki/Air_superiority" class="mw-redirect" title="Air superiority">air superiority</a>. A 50/50 split is air parity; lower than this, one side may be said to be air denied or air incapable. Because aeroplanes generally take off from designed airfields on missions typically involving some hours of cruising, the precise state of air superiority is fluid and less defined vis-a-vis <a href="/wiki/Land_warfare" title="Land warfare">land</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sea_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea warfare">sea warfare</a>. For example, a contested <a href="/wiki/Airspace" title="Airspace">airspace</a> directly above a <a href="/wiki/Battlespace" title="Battlespace">battlespace</a> bristling with <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aircraft weapon">anti-aircraft weapons</a> may be denied to the <a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">air forces</a> of both sides. Further, the completely different situations of a technologically advanced airforce with one flight of high-tech planes (air supremacy but low capacity) or a low-tech force of massive numbers of low-tech planes (e.g., <a href="/wiki/An-2" class="mw-redirect" title="An-2">An-2</a>) resulting in high capacity but low long-term survivability demonstrate that 'air power' is multi-faceted and complex. </p><p>Significant contributors to theorizing about air power have been <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Douhet" title="Giulio Douhet">Giulio Douhet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Mitchell" title="Billy Mitchell">Billy Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_(military_strategist)" title="John Boyd (military strategist)">John Boyd</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_A._Warden_III" title="John A. Warden III">John A. Warden III</a>. </p><p>At the start of World War I, opinions differed on the national air forces and the value of airships.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some early strategists/visionaries after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> imagined that airpower alone would suffice to bring nations to their knees. The <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Guernica" title="Bombing of Guernica">Bombing of Guernica</a> was an early trial that revealed both capabilities and limitations. But yet another maxim, "no war was ever won solely by airpower" was challenged by the <a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">NATO victory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>. Airpower has been used to conduct lightning strategic strikes, to <a href="/wiki/Tactical_bombing" title="Tactical bombing">complement land offensives</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing#Enemy_morale" title="Strategic bombing">instill fear and lower morale</a> similarly to a <a href="/wiki/Fleet_in_being" title="Fleet in being">fleet in being</a>, and to <a href="/wiki/Air_interdiction" title="Air interdiction">create broad-based destruction behind enemy lines</a>. With airpower, supplies can be transported by <a href="/wiki/Cargo_planes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargo planes">cargo planes</a>, providing a decisive edge in mobility. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Military_aircraft" title="Military aircraft">Military</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civilian_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian aircraft">civilian aircraft</a> interact in a number of complex ways, including <a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_shootdowns#Civilian_aircraft" title="List of aircraft shootdowns">shootdowns of civilian planes</a>, whether mistaken or not; military escorts of civilian planes; civilian planes being used for military transport, <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">espionage</a>, or other purposes; and/or <a href="/wiki/No-fly_zones" class="mw-redirect" title="No-fly zones">no-fly zones</a> being enforced to punish or sanction a target nation. Airpower also relates to space power, although <a href="/wiki/Militarization_of_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Militarization of space">militarization of space</a> remains regulated by international treaty.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Developed_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Developed nation">Developed nations</a> have enjoyed a consistent advantage in airpower since the beginning of mechanized flight. Airpower has been wielded mostly decisively in the last hundred years by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, with many <a href="/wiki/Client_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Client nation">client nations</a> using <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> developed by one or more of these nations. A mass technological base is considered necessary for the development of airpower. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airpower&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-British-definition-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-British-definition_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-British-definition_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Royal Air Force: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raf.mod.uk/role/airpower.cfm"><i>Role of Air Power</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110316092406/http://www.raf.mod.uk/role/airpower.cfm">Archived</a> 2011-03-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed on March 13, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*Jordan, David: <i>Air and Space Warfare</i>, in: Jordan, David et al.: <i>Understanding Modern Warfare</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2009, p. 219</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Australian_Air_Power_Manual-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Australian_Air_Power_Manual_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Royal Australian Air Force: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/APDC/media/PDF-Files/Doctrine/AAP1000-H-The-Australian-Experience-of-Air-Power-2nd-Edition.pdf"><i>AAP1000-D The Air Power Manual </i></a>. Accessed on March 13, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aerosociety.com/News/Insight-Blog/2357/How-powers-are-prepared-for-the-First-Aero-War-the-NAL-reviews-contemporary-press-reports-at-the-outbreak-of-WWI">"How powers are prepared for the First Aero War" – the NAL reviews contemporary press reports at the outbreak of WWI</a>" <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Aeronautical_Society" title="Royal Aeronautical Society">Royal Aeronautical Society</a></i>, 11 August 2014. Accessed: 5 September 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noel, Percy. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aerosociety.com/Assets/Docs/NAL/NAL_WW1_Aero.pdf">How powers are prepared for first aero war</a>" <i>Aero and hydro</i>, 8 August 1914. Accessed: 5 September 2014.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airpower&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Baner, Carl. "Defining Aerospace Power", <i><a href="/wiki/Air_and_Space_Power_Journal" title="Air and Space Power Journal">Air and Space Power Journal</a></i>, March 11, 1999 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010620151715/http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/airchronicles/cc/baner.html">online</a></li> <li>Black, Jeremy. <i>Air Power: A Global History </i> (2016), by leading scholar</li> <li>Budiansky, Stephen. <i>Air Power: The Men, Machines & Ideas That Revolutionized War, from Kitty Hawk to Gulf War II </i> (2004) 495p. scholarly history 1900 to 1999.</li> <li>Daso, Dik Alan. <i>Hap Arnold and the Evolution of American Airpower</i> (2001) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Hap-Arnold-Evolution-American-Airpower/dp/1560989491/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Higham, Robin and Mark Parillo, eds. <i>The Influence of Airpower Upon History: Statesmanship, Diplomacy, and Foreign Policy Since 1903</i> (University Press of Kentucky; 2013) 137 pages; essays on the use of airpower by Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and other countries. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Influence-Airpower-upon-History-Statesmanship/dp/0813136741/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Gray, Colin Spencer. <i>Understanding Airpower</i>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Research_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Research Institute">AFRI</a>: Maxwell, March 2009.</li> <li>Jordan, David. "Air and Space Warfare", in: Jordan, David et al.: <i>Understanding Modern Warfare</i> (Cambridge University Press 2009), pp. 182–223, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-70038-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-70038-2">978-0-521-70038-2</a>.</li> <li>Meilinger, Philip S. <i>Ten Propositions Regarding Airpower</i> (1993) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629002626/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA332447&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Meilinger, Philip S. ed. <i>The Paths of Heaven: The Evolution of Airpower Theory</i> (2012)</li> <li>Mueller, Karl P. <i>Air Power</i> (RAND Corporation, 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reprints/2010/RAND_RP1412.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Neocleous, Mark. "Air power as police power." <i>Environment and Planning D: Society and Space</i> 31.4 (2013): 578–593.</li> <li>Stokesbury, James L. <i>A Short History of Air Power</i> (1986)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiography">Historiography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airpower&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Capra, James L. "Fighting with the air: airpower, violence, and public sentiment in irregular warfare" (MA thesis, Naval Postgraduate School Monterey United States, 2016) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728151635/http://www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD=AD1030735">online</a></li> <li>Clodfelter, Mark. <i>The Limits of Air Power: The American Bombing of North Vietnam</i> (2006)</li> <li>Faber, Peter. "Competing Theories of Airpower: A Language for Analysis" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070426075921/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/au/faber.htm">online</a></li> <li>Hoffman, Bruce. <i>British Air Power in Peripheral Conflict, 1919-1976</i> (RAND, 1989) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728115956/http://www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD=ADA221996">online</a>.</li> <li>Meilinger, Phillip. "Military Theory: Airpower" in Charles Messenger, ed. <i>Reader's Guide to Military History</i> (2001) pp. 376–79 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VT7fAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA376">online</a></li> <li>Vallance, Andrew G.B. <i>The air weapon: doctrines of air power strategy and operational art</i> (1996).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airpower&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/MSFRIC/">US Air University online resources</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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