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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Exodus 22:3 But if it happens after sunrise, there is guilt for his bloodshed. A thief must make full restitution; if he has nothing, he himself shall be sold for his theft.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/exodus/22-3.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/12/02_Exo_22_03.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Exodus 22:3 - Property Laws" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="But if it happens after sunrise, there is guilt for his bloodshed. 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If he cannot pay, he must be sold as a slave to pay for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/exodus/22.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />but if the sun has risen on him, there shall be bloodguilt for him. He shall surely pay. If he has nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/exodus/22.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />But if it happens after sunrise, there is guilt for his bloodshed. A thief must make full restitution; if he has nothing, he himself shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/exodus/22.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />If the sun be risen upon him, <i>there shall be</i> blood <i>shed</i> for him; <i>for</i> he should make full restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/exodus/22.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />If the sun has risen on him, <i>there shall be</i> guilt for his bloodshed. He should make full restitution; if he has nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/exodus/22.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />If the sun has risen on him, <i>there will be</i> guilt for bloodshed on his account—<i>A thief</i> shall certainly make restitution; if he owns nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/exodus/22.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />&#8220But if the sun has risen on him, there will be bloodguiltiness on his account. He shall surely make restitution; if he owns nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/exodus/22.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />“<i>But</i> if the sun has risen on him, there will be bloodguiltiness on his account. He shall surely make restitution; if he owns nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/exodus/22.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br /><i>But</i> if the sun has risen on him, there will be bloodguiltiness on his account. He shall surely make restitution; if he owns nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/exodus/22.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />But if the sun has risen, there will be bloodguilt for him. The thief [if he lives] must make [full] restitution; if he has nothing, then he shall be sold [as a slave to make restitution] for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/exodus/22.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />But if this happens after sunrise, the householder is guilty of bloodshed. A thief must make full restitution. If he is unable, he is to be sold because of his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/exodus/22.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />But if this happens after sunrise, there is guilt of bloodshed. A thief must make full restitution. If he is unable, he is to be sold because of his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/exodus/22.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />If the sun be risen upon him, there shall be bloodguiltiness for him; he shall make restitution: if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/exodus/22.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />If the sun be risen upon him, there shall be bloodguiltiness for him: he should make restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/exodus/22.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />But if it happens after sunrise, he is guilty of murder. "A thief must make up for what he has stolen. If he is unable to do so, he must be sold [as a slave] to pay for what he stole.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/exodus/22.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />but if the sun has risen on him, then it is a capital crime in that case. A thief shall certainly make restitution, but if he has nothing, he is to be sold for his theft. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/exodus/22.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />But if it happens after sunrise, there is guilt for his bloodshed. A thief must make full restitution; if he has nothing, he himself shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/exodus/22.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />If the sun has risen on him, then there is blood guilt for him. A thief must surely make full restitution; if he has nothing, then he will be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/exodus/22.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />If the sun has risen on him, there shall be guilt of bloodshed for him; he shall make restitution. If he has nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/exodus/22.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />If the sun shall have risen upon him, there shall be blood shed for him: for he should make full restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/exodus/22.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />If the sun has risen on him, he is guilty of bloodshed. He shall make restitution. If he has nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/exodus/22.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />if the sun has risen on him, blood [is] for him, he certainly repays; if he has nothing, then he has been sold for his theft;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/exodus/22.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> if the sun hath risen upon him, blood is for him, he doth certainly repay; if he have nothing, then he hath been sold for his theft;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/exodus/22.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />If the sun was risen upon him, bloods for him: recompensing, he shall recompense; if nothing to him, to be sold for his theft.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/exodus/22.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />But if he did this when the sun is risen, he hath committed murder, and he shall die. If he have not wherewith to make restitution for the theft, he shall be sold. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/exodus/22.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />But if he did this when the sun was risen, he has perpetrated a homicide, and he shall die. If he does not have the means to make restitution for the theft, he shall be sold.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/exodus/22.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />But if after sunrise he is thus beaten, there is bloodguilt.] He must make full restitution. If he has nothing, he shall be sold to pay for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/exodus/22.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />If a thief is found breaking in, and is beaten to death, no bloodguilt is incurred;<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/exodus/22.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />But if the sun be risen upon him, there shall be blood penalty for him; and he should make full restitution; if he has nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/exodus/22.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And if the sun has risen upon him there is vengeance for him, and paying he will pay, and if he has nothing, he shall be sold for his theft.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/exodus/22.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />If the sun be risen upon him, there shall be bloodguiltiness for him--he shall make restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/exodus/22.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />But if the sun be risen upon him, he is guilty, he shall die instead; and if a thief have nothing, let him be sold in compensation for what he has stolen.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/exodus/22-3.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kVae3PiKqhs?start=5472" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/exodus/22.htm">Property Laws</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">2</span>If a thief is caught breaking in and is beaten to death, no one shall be guilty of bloodshed. <span class="reftext">3</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/518.htm" title="518: ’im- (Conj) -- If. A primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!">But if</a> <a href="/hebrew/2224.htm" title="2224: zā·rə·ḥāh (V-Qal-Perf-3fs) -- To rise, come forth. A primitive root; properly, to irradiate, i.e. To rise; specifically, to appear.">it happens after sunrise,</a> <a href="/hebrew/8121.htm" title="8121: haš·še·meš (Art:: N-cs) -- From an unused root meaning to be brilliant; the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e. A notched battlement."></a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘ā·lāw (Prep:: 3ms) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications."></a> <a href="/hebrew/1818.htm" title="1818: dā·mîm (N-mp) -- Blood. From damam; blood of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively bloodshed.">there is guilt for his bloodshed.</a> <a href="/hebrew/lōw (Prep:: 3ms) -- "></a> <a href="/hebrew/7999.htm" title="7999: šal·lêm (V-Piel-InfAbs) -- A primitive root; to be safe; figuratively, to be completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate.">A thief must make full restitution;</a> <a href="/hebrew/7999.htm" title="7999: yə·šal·lêm (V-Piel-Imperf-3ms) -- A primitive root; to be safe; figuratively, to be completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate."></a> <a href="/hebrew/518.htm" title="518: ’im- (Conj) -- If. A primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!">if</a> <a href="/hebrew/369.htm" title="369: ’ên (Adv) -- As if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative particle.">he has nothing,</a> <a href="/hebrew/lōw (Prep:: 3ms) -- "></a> <a href="/hebrew/4376.htm" title="4376: wə·nim·kar (Conj-w:: V-Nifal-ConjPerf-3ms) -- To sell. A primitive root; to sell, literally, or figuratively.">he himself shall be sold</a> <a href="/hebrew/1591.htm" title="1591: biḡ·nê·ḇā·ṯōw (Prep-b:: N-fsc:: 3ms) -- A thing stolen. From ganab; stealing, i.e. something stolen.">for his theft.</a> </span><span class="reftext">4</span>If what was stolen is actually found alive in his possession—whether ox or donkey or sheep—he must pay back double.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/leviticus/6-1.htm">Leviticus 6:1-5</a></span><br />And the LORD said to Moses, / “If someone sins and acts unfaithfully against the LORD by deceiving his neighbor in regard to a deposit or security entrusted to him or stolen, or if he extorts his neighbor / or finds lost property and lies about it and swears falsely, or if he commits any such sin that a man might commit— ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/numbers/5-6.htm">Numbers 5:6-7</a></span><br />“Tell the Israelites that when a man or woman acts unfaithfully against the LORD by committing any sin against another, that person is guilty / and must confess the sin he has committed. He must make full restitution, add a fifth to its value, and give all this to the one he has wronged.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/24-7.htm">Deuteronomy 24:7</a></span><br />If a man is caught kidnapping one of his Israelite brothers, whether he treats him as a slave or sells him, the kidnapper must die. So you must purge the evil from among you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/proverbs/6-30.htm">Proverbs 6:30-31</a></span><br />Men do not despise the thief if he steals to satisfy his hunger. / Yet if caught, he must pay sevenfold; he must give up all the wealth of his house.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/33-15.htm">Ezekiel 33:15</a></span><br />if he restores a pledge, makes restitution for what he has stolen, and walks in the statutes of life without practicing iniquity—then he will surely live; he will not die.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/5-25.htm">Matthew 5:25-26</a></span><br />Reconcile quickly with your adversary, while you are still on the way to court. Otherwise, he may hand you over to the judge, and the judge may hand you over to the officer, and you may be thrown into prison. / Truly I tell you, you will not get out until you have paid the last penny.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/luke/12-58.htm">Luke 12:58-59</a></span><br />Make every effort to reconcile with your adversary while you are on your way to the magistrate. Otherwise, he may drag you off to the judge, and the judge may hand you over to the officer, and the officer may throw you into prison. / I tell you, you will not get out until you have paid the very last penny.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/romans/13-8.htm">Romans 13:8-10</a></span><br />Be indebted to no one, except to one another in love. For he who loves his neighbor has fulfilled the law. / The commandments “Do not commit adultery,” “Do not murder,” “Do not steal,” “Do not covet,” and any other commandments, are summed up in this one decree: “Love your neighbor as yourself.” / Love does no wrong to its neighbor. Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_corinthians/6-7.htm">1 Corinthians 6:7-8</a></span><br />The very fact that you have lawsuits among you means that you are thoroughly defeated already. Why not rather be wronged? Why not rather be cheated? / Instead, you yourselves cheat and do wrong, even against your own brothers!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ephesians/4-28.htm">Ephesians 4:28</a></span><br />He who has been stealing must steal no longer, but must work, doing good with his own hands, that he may have something to share with the one in need.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/colossians/3-25.htm">Colossians 3:25</a></span><br />Whoever does wrong will be repaid for his wrong, and there is no favoritism.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_timothy/1-9.htm">1 Timothy 1:9-10</a></span><br />We realize that law is not enacted for the righteous, but for the lawless and rebellious, for the ungodly and sinful, for the unholy and profane, for killers of father or mother, for murderers, / for the sexually immoral, for homosexuals, for slave traders and liars and perjurers, and for anyone else who is averse to sound teaching<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/hebrews/10-28.htm">Hebrews 10:28-29</a></span><br />Anyone who rejected the law of Moses died without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses. / How much more severely do you think one deserves to be punished who has trampled on the Son of God, profaned the blood of the covenant that sanctified him, and insulted the Spirit of grace?<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/james/2-8.htm">James 2:8-9</a></span><br />If you really fulfill the royal law stated in Scripture, “Love your neighbor as yourself,” you are doing well. / But if you show favoritism, you sin and are convicted by the law as transgressors.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_peter/4-15.htm">1 Peter 4:15</a></span><br />Indeed, none of you should suffer as a murderer or thief or wrongdoer, or even as a meddler.</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">If the sun be risen on him, there shall be blood shed for him; for he should make full restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.</p><p class="hdg">then he shall</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/21-2.htm">Exodus 21:2</a></b></br> If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/judges/2-14.htm">Judges 2:14</a></b></br> And the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he delivered them into the hands of spoilers that spoiled them, and he sold them into the hands of their enemies round about, so that they could not any longer stand before their enemies.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/judges/10-7.htm">Judges 10:7</a></b></br> And the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he sold them into the hands of the Philistines, and into the hands of the children of Ammon.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/exodus/22-2.htm">Account</a> <a href="/exodus/22-2.htm">Blood</a> <a href="/joel/3-21.htm">Bloodguilt</a> <a href="/exodus/22-2.htm">Bloodguiltiness</a> <a href="/exodus/22-2.htm">Blood-Guiltiness</a> <a href="/exodus/22-2.htm">Bloodshed</a> <a href="/exodus/22-2.htm">Breaking</a> <a href="/exodus/14-27.htm">Dawn</a> <a href="/exodus/22-2.htm">Dies</a> <a href="/exodus/22-2.htm">Found</a> <a href="/exodus/16-33.htm">Full</a> <a href="/exodus/22-2.htm">Guilt</a> <a href="/exodus/22-2.htm">Guilty</a> <a href="/genesis/44-29.htm">Happens</a> <a href="/genesis/39-8.htm">Owns</a> <a href="/exodus/21-34.htm">Repay</a> <a href="/exodus/21-34.htm">Responsible</a> <a href="/exodus/22-1.htm">Restitution</a> <a href="/genesis/19-23.htm">Risen</a> <a href="/exodus/22-2.htm">Shed</a> <a href="/exodus/22-1.htm">Sold</a> <a href="/exodus/22-2.htm">Struck</a> <a href="/exodus/17-12.htm">Sun</a> <a href="/revelation/16-12.htm">Sunrise</a> <a href="/exodus/21-36.htm">Surely</a> <a href="/exodus/22-1.htm">Theft</a> <a href="/exodus/22-2.htm">Thief</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/exodus/22-17.htm">Account</a> <a href="/exodus/23-18.htm">Blood</a> <a href="/exodus/22-4.htm">Bloodguilt</a> <a href="/leviticus/17-4.htm">Bloodguiltiness</a> <a href="/psalms/51-14.htm">Blood-Guiltiness</a> <a href="/numbers/35-33.htm">Bloodshed</a> <a href="/leviticus/13-42.htm">Breaking</a> <a href="/numbers/2-3.htm">Dawn</a> <a href="/exodus/22-10.htm">Dies</a> <a href="/exodus/22-4.htm">Found</a> <a href="/exodus/22-6.htm">Full</a> <a href="/exodus/28-38.htm">Guilt</a> <a href="/exodus/23-7.htm">Guilty</a> <a href="/numbers/16-29.htm">Happens</a> <a href="/leviticus/14-35.htm">Owns</a> <a href="/exodus/22-12.htm">Repay</a> <a href="/exodus/23-7.htm">Responsible</a> <a href="/exodus/22-5.htm">Restitution</a> <a href="/exodus/22-4.htm">Risen</a> <a href="/exodus/25-37.htm">Shed</a> <a href="/leviticus/25-23.htm">Sold</a> <a href="/exodus/32-35.htm">Struck</a> <a href="/exodus/22-4.htm">Sun</a> <a href="/exodus/27-13.htm">Sunrise</a> <a href="/exodus/22-6.htm">Surely</a> <a href="/exodus/22-4.htm">Theft</a> <a href="/exodus/22-7.htm">Thief</a><div class="vheading2">Exodus 22</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/22-1.htm">Of Theft</a></span><br><span class="reftext">5. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/22-5.htm">Of damage</a></span><br><span class="reftext">7. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/22-7.htm">Of trespasses</a></span><br><span class="reftext">14. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/22-14.htm">Of borrowing</a></span><br><span class="reftext">16. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/22-16.htm">Of fornication</a></span><br><span class="reftext">18. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/22-18.htm">Of witchcraft</a></span><br><span class="reftext">19. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/22-19.htm">Of bestiality</a></span><br><span class="reftext">20. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/22-20.htm">Of idolatry</a></span><br><span class="reftext">21. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/22-21.htm">Of strangers, widows, and fatherless</a></span><br><span class="reftext">25. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/22-25.htm">Of usury</a></span><br><span class="reftext">26. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/22-26.htm">Of pledges</a></span><br><span class="reftext">28. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/22-28.htm">Of reverence to magistrates</a></span><br><span class="reftext">29. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/22-29.htm">Of the first fruits</a></span><br><span class="reftext">31. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/22-31.htm">Of torn flesh</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div 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</td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading"><a href="/study/exodus/22.htm">Berean Study Bible</a></div><b>But if it happens after sunrise</b><br />The phrase "after sunrise" indicates a time distinction in the application of justice. In ancient Hebrew culture, the night was often associated with danger and uncertainty, while daylight brought clarity and safety. The Hebrew word for "sunrise" (שֶׁמֶשׁ, shemesh) signifies the beginning of a new day, a time when actions can be more clearly judged. This distinction underscores the importance of context in justice, emphasizing that actions taken in the light of day are subject to greater scrutiny and accountability.<p><b>there is guilt for his bloodshed</b><br />The term "guilt" (אָשֵׁם, asham) in Hebrew conveys a sense of moral and legal responsibility. The phrase implies that if a thief is killed during the day, the defender bears guilt for the bloodshed, as the threat is less immediate. This reflects the biblical principle of proportional justice, where the response to wrongdoing must be measured and just. It highlights the sanctity of life and the need for restraint, even in the face of wrongdoing.<p><b>He must make full restitution</b><br />Restitution (שִׁלּוּם, shillum) is a key concept in biblical law, emphasizing restoration and reconciliation. The requirement for "full restitution" underscores the importance of making amends for wrongs committed. This principle is rooted in the idea of justice as restoration, not merely punishment. It reflects God's desire for relationships to be healed and for communities to be restored to wholeness.<p><b>if he owns nothing</b><br />This phrase acknowledges the reality of poverty and its impact on justice. The Hebrew culture recognized that not everyone had the means to make restitution. The law provided a way for justice to be served even when the thief was destitute, reflecting a compassionate understanding of human circumstances. It highlights the balance between justice and mercy, a recurring theme in Scripture.<p><b>he must be sold to pay for his theft</b><br />The concept of being "sold" (מָכַר, makar) into servitude as a means of restitution reflects the economic realities of ancient Israel. This was not intended as a permanent state but as a temporary measure to repay the debt. It underscores the seriousness of theft and the importance of personal responsibility. However, it also reflects a system that sought to rehabilitate rather than simply punish, allowing the individual to eventually reintegrate into society. This approach aligns with the biblical theme of redemption and restoration, offering hope for a future beyond one's past mistakes.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/exodus/22.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(3) <span class= "bld">If the sun be risen upon him.</span>--In the daytime no violence is to be feared. The housebreaker seeks to avoid observation, and decamps if discovered. Moreover, assistance is readily obtainable, and thus there is no need of resorting to extreme measures. The English law makes exactly the same distinction as the Mosaic.<p><span class= "bld">For he should make full </span>restitution.--Heb., <span class= "ital">restoring, he shall restore. </span>It is not quite clear whether he is to restore <span class= "ital">double; </span>but so most commentators understand the passage.<p><span class= "bld">If he have nothing.</span>--Rather, <span class= "ital">if he have not enough. </span>If he cannot make the <span class= "ital">full </span>restitution of the preceding verse, then "he shall be sold for his theft." He shall become the slave for the term of six years of the man whom he has robbed, and in that way pay his debt.<p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/exodus/22.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 3.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">If the sun be risen upon him</span>. If the entry is attempted after daybreak. In this case it is charitably assumed that the thief does not contemplate murder. <span class="cmt_word">There shall be blood shed for him</span>. Or, "the blood-feud shall hold good in his case" - <span class="accented">i.e.</span>, his slayer shall be liable to be put to death by the next of kin. <span class="cmt_word">For he should make full restitution</span>. Rather, "He shall make full restitution." The punishment of the housebreaker, who enters a house by day, shall be like that of other thieves - to restore <span class="accented">double</span>. <span class="cmt_word">If he have nothing</span>. Rather, "if he have not enough" - <span class="accented">i.e.</span>, if he cannot make the restitution required, <span class="cmt_word">then he shall be sold for his theft.</span> It is somewhat fanciful to suppose, that this punishment aimed at enforcing labour on those who preferred stealing to working for their own living (Kalisch). Probably the idea was simply the compensation of the injured party, who no doubt received the proceeds of the man's sale. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/exodus/22-3.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">But if</span><br /><span class="heb">אִם־</span> <span class="translit">(’im-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunction<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_518.htm">Strong's 518: </a> </span><span class="str2">Lo!, whether?, if, although, Oh that!, when, not</span><br /><br /><span class="word">it happens after sunrise,</span><br /><span class="heb">זָרְחָ֥ה</span> <span class="translit">(zā·rə·ḥāh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2224.htm">Strong's 2224: </a> </span><span class="str2">To irradiate, to rise, to appear</span><br /><br /><span class="word">there is guilt for his bloodshed.</span><br /><span class="heb">דָּמִ֣ים</span> <span class="translit">(dā·mîm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1818.htm">Strong's 1818: </a> </span><span class="str2">Blood, of man, an animal, the juice of the grape, bloodshed</span><br /><br /><span class="word">A thief must make full restitution;</span><br /><span class="heb">שַׁלֵּ֣ם</span> <span class="translit">(šal·lêm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Piel - Infinitive absolute<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7999.htm">Strong's 7999: </a> </span><span class="str2">To be safe, to be, completed, to be friendly, to reciprocate</span><br /><br /><span class="word">if</span><br /><span class="heb">אִם־</span> <span class="translit">(’im-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunction<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_518.htm">Strong's 518: </a> </span><span class="str2">Lo!, whether?, if, although, Oh that!, when, not</span><br /><br /><span class="word">he has nothing,</span><br /><span class="heb">אֵ֣ין</span> <span class="translit">(’ên)</span><br /><span class="parse">Adverb<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_369.htm">Strong's 369: </a> </span><span class="str2">A non-entity, a negative particle</span><br /><br /><span class="word">he himself shall be sold</span><br /><span class="heb">וְנִמְכַּ֖ר</span> <span class="translit">(wə·nim·kar)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4376.htm">Strong's 4376: </a> </span><span class="str2">To sell</span><br /><br /><span class="word">for his theft.</span><br /><span class="heb">בִּגְנֵבָתֽוֹ׃</span> <span class="translit">(biḡ·nê·ḇā·ṯōw)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1591.htm">Strong's 1591: </a> </span><span class="str2">Stealing, something stolen</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/exodus/22-3.htm">Exodus 22:3 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/exodus/22-3.htm">Exodus 22:3 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/exodus/22-3.htm">Exodus 22:3 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/exodus/22-3.htm">Exodus 22:3 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/exodus/22-3.htm">Exodus 22:3 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/exodus/22-3.htm">Exodus 22:3 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/exodus/22-3.htm">Exodus 22:3 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/exodus/22-3.htm">Exodus 22:3 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/exodus/22-3.htm">Exodus 22:3 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/exodus/22-3.htm">Exodus 22:3 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/exodus/22-3.htm">OT Law: Exodus 22:3 If the sun has risen on him (Exo. Ex) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/exodus/22-2.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Exodus 22:2"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Exodus 22:2" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/exodus/22-4.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Exodus 22:4"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Exodus 22:4" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>