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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaén, Spain</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li 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id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Spain. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Jaén (disambiguation)">Jaén (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><p><b>Jaén</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[xaˈen]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c4\/Pronunciation_of_Ja%C3%A9n_in_Spanish.ogg\/Pronunciation_of_Ja%C3%A9n_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pronunciation of Ja\u00e9n in Spanish.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Pronunciation_of_Ja%C3%A9n_in_Spanish.ogg/Pronunciation_of_Ja%C3%A9n_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pronunciation_of_Ja%C3%A9n_in_Spanish.ogg" title="File:Pronunciation of Jaén in Spanish.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities in Spain">municipality of Spain</a> and the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_Province,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaén Province, Spain">province of Jaén</a>, in the autonomous community of <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>. </p><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Jaén</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Castillo_de_Ja%C3%A9n_III_retouched.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Castillo_de_Ja%C3%A9n_III_retouched.JPG/268px-Castillo_de_Ja%C3%A9n_III_retouched.JPG" decoding="async" width="268" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Castillo_de_Ja%C3%A9n_III_retouched.JPG/402px-Castillo_de_Ja%C3%A9n_III_retouched.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Castillo_de_Ja%C3%A9n_III_retouched.JPG/536px-Castillo_de_Ja%C3%A9n_III_retouched.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1300"></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Santa_Catalina_(Ja%C3%A9n)" title="Castle of Santa Catalina (Jaén)">Castle of Santa Catalina</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaen_Cathedral_2023_-_west_fa%C3%A7ade_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Jaen_Cathedral_2023_-_west_fa%C3%A7ade_2.jpg/90px-Jaen_Cathedral_2023_-_west_fa%C3%A7ade_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Jaen_Cathedral_2023_-_west_fa%C3%A7ade_2.jpg/135px-Jaen_Cathedral_2023_-_west_fa%C3%A7ade_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Jaen_Cathedral_2023_-_west_fa%C3%A7ade_2.jpg/180px-Jaen_Cathedral_2023_-_west_fa%C3%A7ade_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3076" data-file-height="3845"></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_Cathedral" title="Jaén Cathedral">Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:87px;max-width:87px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ja%C3%A9n_-_Cruz_del_Castillo_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Cruz_del_Castillo_edited.jpg/85px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Cruz_del_Castillo_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Cruz_del_Castillo_edited.jpg/128px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Cruz_del_Castillo_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Cruz_del_Castillo_edited.jpg/170px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Cruz_del_Castillo_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="1023"></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Cruz del Castillo</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:87px;max-width:87px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ba%C3%B1os_%C3%81rabes_de_Ja%C3%A9n_(Hamman_al-Walad)._Sala_fr%C3%ADa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ba%C3%B1os_%C3%81rabes_de_Ja%C3%A9n_%28Hamman_al-Walad%29._Sala_fr%C3%ADa.jpg/85px-Ba%C3%B1os_%C3%81rabes_de_Ja%C3%A9n_%28Hamman_al-Walad%29._Sala_fr%C3%ADa.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ba%C3%B1os_%C3%81rabes_de_Ja%C3%A9n_%28Hamman_al-Walad%29._Sala_fr%C3%ADa.jpg/128px-Ba%C3%B1os_%C3%81rabes_de_Ja%C3%A9n_%28Hamman_al-Walad%29._Sala_fr%C3%ADa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ba%C3%B1os_%C3%81rabes_de_Ja%C3%A9n_%28Hamman_al-Walad%29._Sala_fr%C3%ADa.jpg/170px-Ba%C3%B1os_%C3%81rabes_de_Ja%C3%A9n_%28Hamman_al-Walad%29._Sala_fr%C3%ADa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2648" data-file-height="3530"></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Baths_of_Ja%C3%A9n" title="Arab Baths of Jaén">Arab Baths</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ja%C3%A9n_-_Palacio_de_Villardompardo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Palacio_de_Villardompardo.jpg/132px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Palacio_de_Villardompardo.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Palacio_de_Villardompardo.jpg/198px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Palacio_de_Villardompardo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Palacio_de_Villardompardo.jpg/264px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Palacio_de_Villardompardo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112"></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Palacio de Villardompardo</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ja%C3%A9n_-_Palacio_de_la_Diputaci%C3%B3n_Provincial_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Palacio_de_la_Diputaci%C3%B3n_Provincial_2.jpg/132px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Palacio_de_la_Diputaci%C3%B3n_Provincial_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Palacio_de_la_Diputaci%C3%B3n_Provincial_2.jpg/198px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Palacio_de_la_Diputaci%C3%B3n_Provincial_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Palacio_de_la_Diputaci%C3%B3n_Provincial_2.jpg/264px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Palacio_de_la_Diputaci%C3%B3n_Provincial_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112"></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Provincial Palace</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandera_de_Ja%C3%A9n.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Jaén"><img alt="Flag of Jaén" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bandera_de_Ja%C3%A9n.svg/100px-Bandera_de_Ja%C3%A9n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bandera_de_Ja%C3%A9n.svg/150px-Bandera_de_Ja%C3%A9n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Bandera_de_Ja%C3%A9n.svg/200px-Bandera_de_Ja%C3%A9n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1561" data-file-height="1041"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_ciudad_de_Ja%C3%A9n.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Jaén"><img alt="Coat of arms of Jaén" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Escudo_de_la_ciudad_de_Ja%C3%A9n.svg/83px-Escudo_de_la_ciudad_de_Ja%C3%A9n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="83" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Escudo_de_la_ciudad_de_Ja%C3%A9n.svg/125px-Escudo_de_la_ciudad_de_Ja%C3%A9n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Escudo_de_la_ciudad_de_Ja%C3%A9n.svg/167px-Escudo_de_la_ciudad_de_Ja%C3%A9n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="1046"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>Capital del Santo Reino</i> <a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 285px; height: 180px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="285" data-height="180" data-zoom="4" data-lat="39.5" data-lon="-3.7" data-overlays='["_d989024004a58456dd731ce95e7e32b4f36fae02"]' href="/wiki/Special:Map/4/39.5/-3.7/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,39.5,-3.7,285x180.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ja%C3%A9n%2C_Spain&revid=1257560528&groups=_d989024004a58456dd731ce95e7e32b4f36fae02" width="285" height="180" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,39.5,-3.7,285x180@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ja%C3%A9n%2C_Spain&revid=1257560528&groups=_d989024004a58456dd731ce95e7e32b4f36fae02 2x" alt="Map"></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="37.766666666667" data-lon="-3.7711111111111" data-overlays='["_a88ea8147ce0c77f97b049dd04177bc4ce8986f2"]' href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/37.766666666667/-3.7711111111111/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,37.766666666667,-3.7711111111111,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ja%C3%A9n%2C_Spain&revid=1257560528&groups=_a88ea8147ce0c77f97b049dd04177bc4ce8986f2" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,37.766666666667,-3.7711111111111,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ja%C3%A9n%2C_Spain&revid=1257560528&groups=_a88ea8147ce0c77f97b049dd04177bc4ce8986f2 2x" alt="Map"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&params=37_46_0_N_3_46_16_W_region:ES_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°46′0″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°46′16″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.76667°N 3.77111°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.76667; -3.77111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">County</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous community</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(Spain)" title="Province of Jaén (Spain)">Jaén</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde">Alcalde</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Agustín González Romo (2023) (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">424.30 km<sup>2</sup> (163.82 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">573 m (1,880 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">815 m (2,674 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">330 m (1,080 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">113,457</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">270/km<sup>2</sup> (690/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">jiennense<br>giennense<br>jienense<br>jaenés, -sa<br>jaenero, -a<br>aurgitano, -a</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_codes_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of postal codes in Spain">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">23001–23009</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Spain" title="Telephone numbers in Spain">Dialing code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0034 953</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aytojaen.es/">www<wbr></wbr>.aytojaen<wbr></wbr>.es</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The city of Jaén is the administrative and industrial centre for the province. Industrial establishments in the city include chemical works, <a href="/wiki/Tanneries" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanneries">tanneries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distilleries" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilleries">distilleries</a>, cookie factories, textile factories, as well as agricultural and <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a> processing machinery industry. </p><p>The layout of Jaén is determined by its position on the foothills of the Cerro de Santa Catalina, with steep, narrow streets, in the historic core. </p><p>Its population is 112,757 (2020), about one-sixth of the population of the province. Recently Jaén has had a great increase in cultural tourism, having received 604,523 tourists along the year 2015, 10% more than in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Intitulation"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Intitulation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Location"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Location</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Culture"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Culture</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Landmarks"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Landmarks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Music"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Music</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Language"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Language</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Leisure_and_entertainment"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Leisure and entertainment</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Festivals"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Festivals</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Gastronomy"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Gastronomy</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Transport"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Transport</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Public_transport"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Public transport</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Bus"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bus</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Tram"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Tram</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Train"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Train</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Airport"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Airport</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Sports"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Sports</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The name is most likely derived from the Roman name <i>Villa Gaiena</i> (<a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">Villa</a> of Gaius). It was called <b>Jayyān</b> during the time of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The inhabitants of the city are known as <i>Jienenses</i>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" title="Timeline of Jaén, Spain">Timeline of Jaén, Spain</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ja%C3%A9n_-_Muralla_calcol%C3%ADtica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Muralla_calcol%C3%ADtica.jpg/220px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Muralla_calcol%C3%ADtica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Muralla_calcol%C3%ADtica.jpg/220px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Muralla_calcol%C3%ADtica.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Muralla_calcol%C3%ADtica.jpg/330px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Muralla_calcol%C3%ADtica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Muralla_calcol%C3%ADtica.jpg/440px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Muralla_calcol%C3%ADtica.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Remains of the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a> walls in Marroquíes Bajos</figcaption></figure> <p>The area was populated since ancient times, with remains of city walls in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marroqu%C3%ADes_Bajos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marroquíes Bajos (page does not exist)">Marroquíes Bajos</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marroqu%C3%ADes_Bajos" class="extiw" title="es:Marroquíes Bajos">es</a>]</span> site in the north of the city reportedly dating back in time to the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a>, roughly four millennia ago.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Known by Roman sources as <i>Aurgi</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">avrgi</span>), similar names such as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">avringi</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">oringi</span>, are also identified as referring to the same place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPestaña_Parras20114_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPesta%C3%B1a_Parras20114-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was seized by <a href="/wiki/Scipio_Africanus" title="Scipio Africanus">Scipio Africanus</a> away from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a> by 207 BC, in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPestaña_Parras20111_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPesta%C3%B1a_Parras20111-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the Roman conquest, as former allies of the Punics, the city had the status of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Civitas_stipendaria" title="Civitas stipendaria">civitas stipendaria</a></i></span> (required to pay tribute and under military rule), probably enduring harsh conditions in this period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPestaña_Parras20117_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPesta%C3%B1a_Parras20117-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, in the time of the <a href="/wiki/Flavian_dynasty" title="Flavian dynasty">Flavian dynasty</a>, <i>Aurgi</i> became a <i><a href="/wiki/Municipium" title="Municipium">municipium</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPestaña_Parras20111_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPesta%C3%B1a_Parras20111-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">avrgi mvnicipivm flavivm</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPestaña_Parras20119_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPesta%C3%B1a_Parras20119-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_conquest_of_Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad conquest of Hispania">Umayyad conquest of the Iberian Peninsula</a>, the name of <i>Ŷaīyyān</i> (of unclear origin) was mentioned in Hispano-Arab sources already in the 8th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallvé_Bermejo196955_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallv%C3%A9_Bermejo196955-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Close to <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a>, the city became the head of an important <a href="/wiki/Kura_(demarcation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kura (demarcation)"><i>kūra</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cora_(divisi%C3%B3n_territorial)" class="extiw" title="es:Cora (división territorial)">es</a>]</span> in the emiral/caliphal period of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>, extending across a territory with some similarities to the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(Spain)" title="Province of Jaén (Spain)">current province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutiérrez_Pérez201935–36_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuti%C3%A9rrez_P%C3%A9rez201935%E2%80%9336-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the turbulent 11th century, in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Fitna_of_al-Andalus" title="Fitna of al-Andalus">Fitna of al-Andalus</a>, the wider <i>kūra</i> was territory in dispute between the most powerful neighbouring taifas, such as Córdoba, Granada or Toledo, splitting up its territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartos_Quesada201389_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartos_Quesada201389-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jaén was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Habbus_al-Muzaffar" title="Habbus al-Muzaffar">Habbus al-Muzaffar</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Zirid_dynasty" title="Zirid dynasty">Zirid</a> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Granada" title="Taifa of Granada">Taifa of Granada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEspinar_Moreno200060,_160_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEspinar_Moreno200060,_160-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Decades after the final demise of the caliphate of Córdoba, Jaén was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Almoravid" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravid">Almoravids</a> in 1091.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVidal_Castro200377_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVidal_Castro200377-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taken in 1159 by <a href="/wiki/Abu_%CA%BFAbd_All%C4%81h_Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_Sa%CA%BFd_ibn_Mardan%C4%AB%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīš">Ibn Mardanīš</a> (the <i>Rey Lobo</i>, ruler of Valencia opposed to the spread of the <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohad Empire">Almohad Empire</a>), his collaborator (and father-in-law) <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hamu%C5%A1k" title="Ibn Hamušk">Ibn Hamušk</a> surrendered and yielded Jaén to the almohads in 1169.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVidal_Castro2009–201165_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVidal_Castro2009%E2%80%93201165-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alhamar,_rey_de_Granada,_rinde_vasallaje_al_rey_de_Castilla,_Fernando_III_el_Santo_(Museo_del_Prado).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Alhamar%2C_rey_de_Granada%2C_rinde_vasallaje_al_rey_de_Castilla%2C_Fernando_III_el_Santo_%28Museo_del_Prado%29.jpg/220px-Alhamar%2C_rey_de_Granada%2C_rinde_vasallaje_al_rey_de_Castilla%2C_Fernando_III_el_Santo_%28Museo_del_Prado%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1886" data-file-height="1461"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Alhamar%2C_rey_de_Granada%2C_rinde_vasallaje_al_rey_de_Castilla%2C_Fernando_III_el_Santo_%28Museo_del_Prado%29.jpg/220px-Alhamar%2C_rey_de_Granada%2C_rinde_vasallaje_al_rey_de_Castilla%2C_Fernando_III_el_Santo_%28Museo_del_Prado%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Alhamar%2C_rey_de_Granada%2C_rinde_vasallaje_al_rey_de_Castilla%2C_Fernando_III_el_Santo_%28Museo_del_Prado%29.jpg/330px-Alhamar%2C_rey_de_Granada%2C_rinde_vasallaje_al_rey_de_Castilla%2C_Fernando_III_el_Santo_%28Museo_del_Prado%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Alhamar%2C_rey_de_Granada%2C_rinde_vasallaje_al_rey_de_Castilla%2C_Fernando_III_el_Santo_%28Museo_del_Prado%29.jpg/440px-Alhamar%2C_rey_de_Granada%2C_rinde_vasallaje_al_rey_de_Castilla%2C_Fernando_III_el_Santo_%28Museo_del_Prado%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>19th century historicist painting illustrating the surrendering of Jaén by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_of_Granada" title="Muhammad I of Granada">Muhammad I</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand III of Castile">Ferdinand III</a> in 1246.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1225, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand III of Castile">Ferdinand III of Castile</a> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(1225)" title="Siege of Jaén (1225)">unsuccessfully laid siege to the city</a> (defended by strong walls built during the Almoravid period) with help from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Bayyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Bayyasi (page does not exist)">Al-Bayyasi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bayyasi" class="extiw" title="es:Al-Bayyasi">es</a>]</span>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Baeza" title="Taifa of Baeza">Taifa of Baeza</a>, that had just become a vassal state of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEslava_Galán198725–26_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEslava_Gal%C3%A1n198725%E2%80%9326-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(1230)" title="Siege of Jaén (1230)">The city was besieged again in 1230</a> by Ferdinand,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEslava_Galán198713_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEslava_Gal%C3%A1n198713-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who lifted the siege after the news of the death of his father, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX of León</a>. Depleted from its defences and surrounding fields, the city was surrendered by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_of_Granada" title="Muhammad I of Granada">Muhammad I of Granada</a> to Ferdinand III on 28 February 1246.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1246, the city was granted a <i><a href="/wiki/Fuero" title="Fuero">fuero</a></i> (charter) similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>, becoming in turn the model for the fueros granted to <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3dar" title="Jódar">Jódar</a> (1272), <a href="/wiki/Arjona,_Spain" title="Arjona, Spain">Arjona</a> (1284), <a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_la_Real" title="Alcalá la Real">Alcalá la Real</a> (1341) and <a href="/wiki/Priego_de_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Priego de Córdoba">Priego</a> (1341).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChamocho_Cantudo201716–17_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChamocho_Cantudo201716%E2%80%9317-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the conquest, by 1248–49, the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Baeza" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Baeza">Diocese of Baeza</a> was moved to Jaén.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlcázar_Hernández2003266_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlc%C3%A1zar_Hern%C3%A1ndez2003266-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the rest of the Middle Ages, the <i>concejo</i> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comunidad_de_Villa_y_Tierra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comunidad de Villa y Tierra (page does not exist)"><i>comunidad de villa y tierra</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunidad_de_Villa_y_Tierra" class="extiw" title="es:Comunidad de Villa y Tierra">es</a>]</span> of Jaén controlled a land that ranged from 1000 to 1600 km<sup>2</sup>, roughly delimited by the <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir" title="Guadalquivir">Guadalquivir</a> to the North, the Arroyovil to the East, the Arroyo Salado de los Villares to the West, and the Sierra Sur de Jaén and <a href="/wiki/Sierra_M%C3%A1gina" title="Sierra Mágina">Sierra Mágina</a> mountain ranges to the South.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlcázar_Hernández2003256_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlc%C3%A1zar_Hern%C3%A1ndez2003256-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite nominally featuring as the head of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ja%C3%A9n" title="Kingdom of Jaén">Kingdom of Jaén</a> since the conquest, the importance of Jaén within the demarcation was balanced by those of the cities of Baeza and <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Abeda" title="Úbeda">Úbeda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollantes_de_Terán_Sánchez200470_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollantes_de_Ter%C3%A1n_S%C3%A1nchez200470-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It only began to stand out in relation to its growing strategic importance closer to the border with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Granada">Kingdom of Granada</a>, consolidating its military and administrative functions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollantes_de_Terán_Sánchez200470_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollantes_de_Ter%C3%A1n_S%C3%A1nchez200470-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike those cities, that developed an important textile craftmanship activity, Jaén's economic activity remained nonetheless largely agricultural well entered the Early Modern period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollantes_de_Terán_Sánchez200471_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollantes_de_Ter%C3%A1n_S%C3%A1nchez200471-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_de_Ja%C3%A9n,_Anton_Vanden_Wyngaerde,_1567.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vista_de_Ja%C3%A9n%2C_Anton_Vanden_Wyngaerde%2C_1567.jpg/770px-Vista_de_Ja%C3%A9n%2C_Anton_Vanden_Wyngaerde%2C_1567.jpg" decoding="async" width="770" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="499"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 770px;height: 240px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vista_de_Ja%C3%A9n%2C_Anton_Vanden_Wyngaerde%2C_1567.jpg/770px-Vista_de_Ja%C3%A9n%2C_Anton_Vanden_Wyngaerde%2C_1567.jpg" data-width="770" data-height="240" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vista_de_Ja%C3%A9n%2C_Anton_Vanden_Wyngaerde%2C_1567.jpg/1155px-Vista_de_Ja%C3%A9n%2C_Anton_Vanden_Wyngaerde%2C_1567.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vista_de_Ja%C3%A9n%2C_Anton_Vanden_Wyngaerde%2C_1567.jpg/1540px-Vista_de_Ja%C3%A9n%2C_Anton_Vanden_Wyngaerde%2C_1567.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>View of Jaén by <a href="/wiki/Anton_van_den_Wyngaerde" title="Anton van den Wyngaerde">Anton van den Wyngaerde</a> (1567)</figcaption></figure> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Intitulation">Intitulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Intitulation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The intitulation of the city is: (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>) "La Muy Noble y muy Leal Ciudad de Jaén, Guarda y Defendimiento de los Reynos de Castilla", (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>) "The Very Noble and very Loyal City of Jaén, Guard and Defense of the Kingdoms of Castile," a title that was given to the city by King <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Castile" title="Henry II of Castile">Enrique II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> to the city of Jaén, due to the privileges that the city had, and to the role that the city was playing in the defense of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a> against the Arabs. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Location" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The city lies at the feet of the Sierra de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jabalcuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jabalcuz (page does not exist)">Jabalcuz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalcuz" class="extiw" title="es:Jabalcuz">es</a>]</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the subranges of the <a href="/wiki/Subbaetic_System" title="Subbaetic System">Subbaetic System</a>, the inner system of the <a href="/wiki/Baetic_System" title="Baetic System">Baetic Mountains</a> which leaves the <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalquivir Valley">Guadalquivir Valley</a> to the North. The surroundings of the city are rich in small Mesozoic karstic aquifers.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadalbull%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guadalbullón (page does not exist)">Guadalbullón</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalbull%C3%B3n" class="extiw" title="es:Guadalbullón">es</a>]</span> flows close to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jaén is roughly the antipode of <a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a>, New Zealand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Jaén has a <a href="/wiki/Hot-summer_Mediterranean_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer Mediterranean climate">hot-summer Mediterranean climate</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> closely bordering on a <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid climate</a> with dry, hot summers and mild, moderately wet winters. Jaén has a July high of 33.7 °C (92.7 °F), with a very high average low of 21.4 °C (70.5 °F) with a mean temperature of 27.6 °C (81.7 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is just shy of the daily mean of <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> that has the hottest daily summer mean during summers in Western Europe with 28.2 °C (82.8 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite its very inland location at an altitude around 600 metres (2,000 ft) Jaén barely gets 1 snowy day and just 3 days with lows under 0 °C (32 °F) on average during winters.<sup id="cite_ref-Aemet.es_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aemet.es-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jaén gets around 2800-3000 sunshine hours on average.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:80%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Jaén, 580 metres (1,900 ft) 1981-2010 averages, 1920-present extremes </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br>(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br>(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br>(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br>(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.3<br>(104.5) </td> <td style="background: #F10000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.5<br>(108.5) </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.0<br>(114.8) </td> <td style="background: #D90000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.2<br>(111.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.2<br>(106.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br>(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br>(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br>(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.0<br>(114.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br>(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br>(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br>(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br>(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br>(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br>(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7<br>(92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br>(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br>(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br>(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br>(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br>(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.6<br>(70.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br>(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br>(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br>(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br>(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br>(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br>(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br>(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br>(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br>(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br>(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br>(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br>(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.1<br>(62.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br>(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br>(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br>(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br>(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br>(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br>(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br>(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br>(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br>(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br>(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br>(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br>(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.6<br>(54.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br>(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0<br>(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br>(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br>(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br>(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br>(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br>(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br>(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br>(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br>(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br>(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.0<br>(21.2) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−8.0<br>(17.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55<br>(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50<br>(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44<br>(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54<br>(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43<br>(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br>(0.7) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br>(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br>(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br>(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55<br>(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62<br>(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75<br>(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">493<br>(19.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">56.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">58 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/AEMET" class="mw-redirect" title="AEMET">AEMET</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Landmarks" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PHTO0104.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PHTO0104.JPG/170px-PHTO0104.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PHTO0104.JPG/170px-PHTO0104.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PHTO0104.JPG/255px-PHTO0104.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PHTO0104.JPG/340px-PHTO0104.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Santa_Catalina_(Ja%C3%A9n)" title="Castle of Santa Catalina (Jaén)">Saint Catalina's castle</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ja%C3%A9n_Cathedral.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ja%C3%A9n_Cathedral.png/170px-Ja%C3%A9n_Cathedral.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2692" data-file-height="2240"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ja%C3%A9n_Cathedral.png/170px-Ja%C3%A9n_Cathedral.png" data-width="170" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ja%C3%A9n_Cathedral.png/255px-Ja%C3%A9n_Cathedral.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ja%C3%A9n_Cathedral.png/340px-Ja%C3%A9n_Cathedral.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Jaén Cathedral.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Santa_Catalina_(Ja%C3%A9n)" title="Castle of Santa Catalina (Jaén)">Saint Catherine's Castle</a></i> (Castillo de Santa Catalina) sits on the top of a hill overlooking the city. Previously there had existed a fortress of Arabic origin (Abrehui's castle), of which some remains still exist. The current construction is of Christian origin, raised after the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(1245-46)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jaén (1245-46)">conquest of the city</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand III of Castile">Ferdinand III of Castile</a>, called the Saint, in 1246. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_Cathedral" title="Jaén Cathedral">Jaén Cathedral</a> is one of the most important <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>-style <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedrals</a>. Construction began in 1570 and was completed in 1802. It is dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_the_Virgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Assumption of the Virgin">Assumption of the Virgin</a>, and it was built to shelter the <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relic</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Face" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Face">Holy Face</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Veil_of_Veronica" title="Veil of Veronica">Veil of Veronica</a>, lodged at the major chapel and exposed to the public every Friday. Due to the length of time in its construction, different artistic styles can be appreciated, the most prominent being Renaissance; Andrés de Vandelvira the most important architect. He is the greatest exponent of the Andalusian Renaissance. It aspires to be listed as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Arab_Baths_of_Ja%C3%A9n" title="Arab Baths of Jaén">Arab Baths</a> (<i>Baños Arabes</i>) in Jaén are among the largest <a href="/wiki/Turkish_bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish bath">Islamic bathhouses</a> preserved in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. They can be visited under Villardompardo's Palace (another important landmark in the city).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Arab baths had the function in their origins of purifying all the visitors who entered the city of Jaén. However, nowadays they are not in use, being a great tourist and historical attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other important landmarks are the <i>Museum of Arts and Popular Customs</i>, the <i>International Museum of Naïf Art</i>, <i>San Andrés's Chapel</i>, the <i>Provincial Museum of Jaén</i> (which shelters an important collection of archaeological Iberian remains), <i>Saint Ildefonso's church</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Magdalena,_Ja%C3%A9n" title="La Magdalena, Jaén">La Magdalena</a></i> church, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The most important event is the International Piano Competition Premio Jaén (in Spanish: Concurso Internacional de Piano Premio Jaén) that is the oldest and most important piano competition in Spain. It started in 1953 with Pablo Castillo García-Negrete, an architect who began to donate the first cash prizes of only some thousands of pesetas. Nowadays the prize consist of €57,000 and the recording of classical music albums in professional studios. The last winner of this significant competition was the Chinese pianist Yin Yu Qin, in 2008, in the fiftieth competition. </p><p>There are other events such as the Ciclos de Rock and the Lagarto Rock Festival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The language spoken in Jaén is the official language of Spain, Spanish. The variety of Spanish spoken in this province displays some of the characteristics of <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Spanish" title="Andalusian Spanish">Andalusian</a> speech, such as dropping of final -s in plural formation: <i>gafa</i> for gafas (and consequent final vowel opening) in the word "glasses", or dropping of /d/ in intervocalic position in regular participles of verbs: e.g. <i>acabao</i> for <i>acabado</i>. Some of these variants can be consulted in the <i>Diccionario de Vocabulario Andaluz</i> compiled by the local lexicographer Alcalá Venceslada, which was reprinted by the University of Jaén some years ago. This dictionary also compiles some other variants of Andalusian present in other parts of the autonomous community. </p><p>There are different expressions typical of the area, namely the interjection "¡ea!" (also present in other dialectal variants) which has no particular exact meaning or "¡lavística!" /la'vistika/, which is believed to be a contraction of the expression "la <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADrgen_de_T%C3%ADscar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vírgen de Tíscar">Vírgen de Tíscar</a>", a popular virgin of the province, although there are no exact data to confirm the origin of the last expression which is, nevertheless, widespread among speakers of the province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leisure_and_entertainment">Leisure and entertainment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Leisure and entertainment" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Festivals">Festivals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Festivals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Feria de San Lucas: On 18 October Jaén celebrates his biggest festivity. It lasts more than a week where jienenses and visitors can enjoy music, Sevillanas dancing, gastronomy, culture and tradition. </p><p>Romeria de Santa Catalina: Procession in the hill with the same name where the Castle is located to honour the Saint Patron of the City. It is typical to eat sardines and barbecue in the forest around the Castle. </p><p>San Anton: The 16 January it is celebrated the fires of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_the_Great" title="Anthony the Great">San Anton</a>. In the different neighbourhoods there are built bonfires and people eat and sing around them celebrating the beginning of the year. Also the International Urban Race of San Anton takes place that night, the fifth in the Spanish Ranking of Athleticism. </p><p>Virgen de la Capilla: The 11 June Jaén celebrates the appearance of the Virgin Mary in the city. A weekend where there are flower offerings and a Virgin procession, as well as traditional activities to show the culture of the city. </p><p>Holy Week: The tradition of celebrating the Holy Week in the city started in the Middle Ages, and nowadays it has been declared "Bien de Interés Turístico-Cultural Andaluz" since 2006 and "Fiesta de Interés Turístico Nacional de Andalucía". From Palm Sunday until Resurrection Sunday 17 catholic brotherhoods carry out their processions through the streets of Jaén. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomy">Gastronomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gastronomy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estudiantes_Jaen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Estudiantes_Jaen.JPG/220px-Estudiantes_Jaen.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Estudiantes_Jaen.JPG/220px-Estudiantes_Jaen.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Estudiantes_Jaen.JPG/330px-Estudiantes_Jaen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Estudiantes_Jaen.JPG/440px-Estudiantes_Jaen.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Spain" title="Holy Week in Spain">Holy week</a> in Jaén.</figcaption></figure> <p>The gastronomy of Jaén is very varied, emphasizing local dishes such as the <i>pipirrana</i> (tomato, green peppers, breadcrumbs, garlic shoots, olive oil, vinegar, salt and hard-boiled egg); "spinach a la Jaén" (garlic, croûtons, spiced sausage, bayleaf, egg, orange zest and vinegar); "rice a la Jaén" (very weak), "veal with chopped garlic", "trout from the rivers of Jaén" (trout, butter, chunks of ham with bacon, parsley, white wine and salt), "ajo blanco a la Jaén" (raw almond, olive oil, eggs, garlic, salt, vinegar and water). </p><p>Among the most well-known confectioneries of Jaén is "rice pudding", "gachas of Jaén" (a sort of porridge), "pestiños", "gusanillos" and "ochíos". </p><p>In Jaén the eating of <a href="/wiki/Tapas" title="Tapas">tapas</a> is very common; numerous bars exist where, when purchasing a beer, the customer is also given a free snack to accompany the drink. The tapas vary from place to place and in some bars it is even possible to choose from a tapas menu, though this is not normally the case. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ja%C3%A9n_-_Tranv%C3%ADa_Frontal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Tranv%C3%ADa_Frontal.JPG/170px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Tranv%C3%ADa_Frontal.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 302px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Tranv%C3%ADa_Frontal.JPG/170px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Tranv%C3%ADa_Frontal.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="302" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Tranv%C3%ADa_Frontal.JPG/255px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Tranv%C3%ADa_Frontal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ja%C3%A9n_-_Tranv%C3%ADa_Frontal.JPG/340px-Ja%C3%A9n_-_Tranv%C3%ADa_Frontal.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Jaén Tram.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Public transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bus">Bus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Jaén has 26 service lines that connect the various neighbourhoods of the capital, being able to use the metro card consortium. Buses are characterised by their yellow colour. Jaén has frequent connections to <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a> and other Spanish cities from its central bus station, placed in the city centre. Jaén Bus Station has been declared "Bien de Interes Cultural" due to its modern representative arquitecture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tram">Tram</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tram" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_Tram" title="Jaén Tram">tram system in Jaén</a> opened in 2011 and within two weeks was stopped. The tranvía has yet to resume services, although there was talk of reinstalling the service in 2021, it is not yet underway. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Train">Train</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Train" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Jaén is served by the <a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_railway_station" title="Jaén railway station">Jaén railway station</a>, terminal of the <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Spain#Madrid%E2%80%93Ja%C3%A9n" title="High-speed rail in Spain">Madrid–Jaén high speed railway line</a>. Jaén is also connected to Córdoba and Sevilla by train. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airport">Airport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Airport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Jaén does not have an airport. The closest airports to the city are <a href="/wiki/Granada_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Granada Airport">Granada Airport</a> (65 km) and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga_Airport" title="Málaga Airport">Málaga Airport</a> (136 km).<sup id="cite_ref-stations_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stations-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ja%C3%A9n" title="University of Jaén">University of Jaén</a> currently consists of approximately 18,000 students and 27 degree courses. This university is present in the city, in the Campus "Las Lagunillas", and also in <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Abeda" title="Úbeda">Úbeda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linares,_Ja%C3%A9n" title="Linares, Jaén">Linares</a> with some of the degree courses. It is a modern university, founded in 1993, and has large foreign student population. The University has signed international exchanges with The United States of America, Asia, several American countries and a great Erasmus experience within more than 15 European countries. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuevo_Estadio_de_la_Victoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nuevo_Estadio_de_la_Victoria.jpg/220px-Nuevo_Estadio_de_la_Victoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="558"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nuevo_Estadio_de_la_Victoria.jpg/220px-Nuevo_Estadio_de_la_Victoria.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nuevo_Estadio_de_la_Victoria.jpg/330px-Nuevo_Estadio_de_la_Victoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nuevo_Estadio_de_la_Victoria.jpg/440px-Nuevo_Estadio_de_la_Victoria.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Estadio_de_La_Victoria" title="Nuevo Estadio de La Victoria">Nuevo Estadio de La Victoria</a>, home of <a href="/wiki/Real_Ja%C3%A9n" title="Real Jaén">Real Jaén</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city's football team is <a href="/wiki/Real_Ja%C3%A9n" title="Real Jaén">Real Jaén</a>, who play in the <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Estadio_de_La_Victoria" title="Nuevo Estadio de La Victoria">Nuevo Estadio de La Victoria</a>. </p><p>The city has two major sporting facilities: the Fuentezuelas and the Salobreja, together with the university sports facilities. Trekking and climbing associations also exist, such as El Lagarto and Jabalcuz. </p><p>The <i>Vía Verde del Aceite</i> a former railway that ran from Jaén to Puente Genil in the province of Córdoba, is now used for recreational cycling walking and running. </p><p>There are various competitions which have a great international importance, for example, those related to chess and athletics. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The city has a <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a> team, <a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_FS" title="Jaén FS">Jaén FS</a>, and the team plays in the main League <a href="/wiki/Primera_Divisi%C3%B3n_de_Futsal" title="Primera División de Futsal">Primera División de Futsal</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ja%C3%A9n+Climate+Averages&rft.pub=AEMET&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aemet.es%2Fen%2Fserviciosclimaticos%2Fdatosclimatologicos%2Fvaloresclimatologicos%3Fl%3D5270B%26k%3Dand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJa%C3%A9n%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos">"Standard climate values"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AEMET" class="mw-redirect" title="AEMET">AEMET</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Jaén, Instituto (1920–1983)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AEMET" class="mw-redirect" title="AEMET">AEMET</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Jaén (1983–2021)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AEMET" class="mw-redirect" title="AEMET">AEMET</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.xn--baosarabesjaen-rnb.es&rft.atitle=Ba%C3%B1os+%C3%81rabes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xn--baosarabesjaen-rnb.es%2Fwork%2Fbanos-arabes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJa%C3%A9n%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vipealo.com/blog/los-mejores-planes-para-viajar-por-espana-en-familia/">"Los mejores planes para viajar por España en familia"</a>. <i>Vipealo</i>. 29 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vipealo&rft.atitle=Los+mejores+planes+para+viajar+por+Espa%C3%B1a+en+familia&rft.date=2020-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vipealo.com%2Fblog%2Flos-mejores-planes-para-viajar-por-espana-en-familia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJa%C3%A9n%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stations-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stations_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/jaen">"Jaén: Stations"</a>. Travelinho.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ja%C3%A9n%3A+Stations&rft.pub=Travelinho.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelinho.com%2Fen%2Ftravel%2Fjaen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJa%C3%A9n%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Bibliography</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlcázar_Hernández2003" class="citation journal cs1">Alcázar Hernández, Eva Mª (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistaselectronicas.ujaen.es/index.php/ATM/article/view/1561/1340">"Formación y articulación de un concejo fronterizo: Jaén en el Siglo XIII"</a>. <i>Arqueología y Territorio Medieval</i>. <b>10</b> (2). 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Seville: <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Sevillana_de_Buenas_Letras" title="Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas Letras">Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas Letras</a>: 31–124. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0214-4395">0214-4395</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+de+la+Real+academia+Sevillana+de+Buenas+Letras%3A+Minervae+Baeticae&rft.atitle=Las+ciudades+andaluzas+en+la+transici%C3%B3n+de+la+edad+media+a+la+moderna&rft.issue=32&rft.pages=31-124&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=0214-4395&rft.aulast=Collantes+de+Ter%C3%A1n+S%C3%A1nchez&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finstitucional.us.es%2Frevistas%2Frasbl%2F32%2Fart_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJa%C3%A9n%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEslava_Galán1987" class="citation journal cs1">Eslava Galán, Juan (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/1197211.pdf">"La campaña de 1225 y el primer cerco de Jaén por Fernando III"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Boletín del Instituto de Estudios Giennenses</i> (132): 23–38. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0561-3590">0561-3590</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Dialnet_(bibliographic_database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialnet (bibliographic database)">Dialnet</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+del+Instituto+de+Estudios+Giennenses&rft.atitle=La+campa%C3%B1a+de+1225+y+el+primer+cerco+de+Ja%C3%A9n+por+Fernando+III&rft.issue=132&rft.pages=23-38&rft.date=1987&rft.issn=0561-3590&rft.aulast=Eslava+Gal%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F1197211.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJa%C3%A9n%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEspinar_Moreno2000" class="citation book cs1">Espinar Moreno, Manuel (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/handle/10481/48028/EspinarMoreno_GranadaSigloXI.pdf?sequence=1"><i>Granada en el siglo XI. 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Granada: Método Ediciones. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7933-152-6" title="Special:BookSources/84-7933-152-6"><bdi>84-7933-152-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Granada+en+el+siglo+XI.+Zir%C3%ADes+y+almor%C3%A1vides.+Antolog%C3%ADa+de+textos+para+el+estudio+de+la+%C3%A9poca&rft.place=Granada&rft.pub=M%C3%A9todo+Ediciones&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=84-7933-152-6&rft.aulast=Espinar+Moreno&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigibug.ugr.es%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10481%2F48028%2FEspinarMoreno_GranadaSigloXI.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJa%C3%A9n%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutiérrez_Pérez2019" class="citation journal cs1">Gutiérrez Pérez, José Carlos (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7464019&orden=0&info=link">"La organización del territorio andalusí: el ejemplo de la cora de Jaén"</a>. <i>Argentaria</i> (19): 34–37. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2255-226X">2255-226X</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Dialnet_(bibliographic_database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialnet (bibliographic database)">Dialnet</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Argentaria&rft.atitle=La+organizaci%C3%B3n+del+territorio+andalus%C3%AD%3A+el+ejemplo+de+la+cora+de+Ja%C3%A9n&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=34-37&rft.date=2019&rft.issn=2255-226X&rft.aulast=Guti%C3%A9rrez+P%C3%A9rez&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fservlet%2Farticulo%3Fcodigo%3D7464019%26orden%3D0%26info%3Dlink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJa%C3%A9n%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartos_Quesada2013" class="citation journal cs1">Martos Quesada, Juan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181008143516/http://institutoegipcio.es/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Revista-XLI-1.pdf">"El ejercicio de la consulta jurídica en Al-Andalus: los muftíes de la cora de Jaén"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Revista del Instituto Egipcio de Estudios Islámicos</i> (41): 87–108. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1132-3485">1132-3485</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://institutoegipcio.es/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Revista-XLI-1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+del+Instituto+Egipcio+de+Estudios+Isl%C3%A1micos&rft.atitle=El+ejercicio+de+la+consulta+jur%C3%ADdica+en+Al-Andalus%3A+los+muft%C3%ADes+de+la+cora+de+Ja%C3%A9n&rft.issue=41&rft.pages=87-108&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=1132-3485&rft.aulast=Martos+Quesada&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finstitutoegipcio.es%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F09%2FRevista-XLI-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJa%C3%A9n%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPestaña_Parras2011" class="citation journal cs1">Pestaña Parras, Manuel (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5170386.pdf">"Jaén romano"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Revista de Claseshistoria</i> (260). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1989-4988">1989-4988</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Dialnet_(bibliographic_database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialnet (bibliographic database)">Dialnet</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+de+Claseshistoria&rft.atitle=Ja%C3%A9n+romano&rft.issue=260&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1989-4988&rft.aulast=Pesta%C3%B1a+Parras&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F5170386.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJa%C3%A9n%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVallvé_Bermejo1969" class="citation journal cs1">Vallvé Bermejo, Joaquín (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/d0b9af422e53705eef382e87c88b2857/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1817256">"La división territorial en la España Musulmana. La Cora de Jaén"</a>. <i>Al-Andalus</i>. <b>34</b> (1). Madrid: 55–82. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0304-4335">0304-4335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Andalus&rft.atitle=La+divisi%C3%B3n+territorial+en+la+Espa%C3%B1a+Musulmana.+La+Cora+de+Ja%C3%A9n&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=55-82&rft.date=1969&rft.issn=0304-4335&rft.aulast=Vallv%C3%A9+Bermejo&rft.aufirst=Joaqu%C3%ADn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fopenview%2Fd0b9af422e53705eef382e87c88b2857%2F1%3Fpq-origsite%3Dgscholar%26cbl%3D1817256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJa%C3%A9n%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVidal_Castro2003" class="citation book cs1">Vidal Castro, Francisco (2003). "Almorávides y almohades en al-Andalus y el Magreb". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190410151450/http://www.africafundacion.org/africaI%2BD2009/documentos/Vidal-AlmoravidesyAlmohades_gr.pdf"><i>Triángulo de al-Andalus: Rabat, Alcazaba de los Udaya</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Granada: Fundación el Legado Andalusí. pp. 75–87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-932923-3-8" title="Special:BookSources/84-932923-3-8"><bdi>84-932923-3-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africafundacion.org/africaI+D2009/documentos/Vidal-AlmoravidesyAlmohades_gr.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Almor%C3%A1vides+y+almohades+en+al-Andalus+y+el+Magreb&rft.btitle=Tri%C3%A1ngulo+de+al-Andalus%3A+Rabat%2C+Alcazaba+de+los+Udaya&rft.place=Granada&rft.pages=75-87&rft.pub=Fundaci%C3%B3n+el+Legado+Andalus%C3%AD&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=84-932923-3-8&rft.aulast=Vidal+Castro&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africafundacion.org%2FafricaI%2BD2009%2Fdocumentos%2FVidal-AlmoravidesyAlmohades_gr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJa%C3%A9n%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVidal_Castro2009–2011" class="citation journal cs1">Vidal Castro, Francisco (2009–2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5381072.pdf">"El imperio almohade: historia y repercusión en la provincia de Jaén"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Alcazaba</i> (9–11): 59–90. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1886-1180">1886-1180</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Dialnet_(bibliographic_database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialnet (bibliographic database)">Dialnet</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcazaba&rft.atitle=El+imperio+almohade%3A+historia+y+repercusi%C3%B3n+en+la+provincia+de+Ja%C3%A9n&rft.issue=9%E2%80%9311&rft.pages=59-90&rft.date=2009%2F2011&rft.issn=1886-1180&rft.aulast=Vidal+Castro&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F5381072.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJa%C3%A9n%2C+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060522235413/http://www.bicentenariobailen.com/">Guía documental del Bicentenario de la Batalla de Bailén</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webjaen.es/">Portal of tourism, leisure and culture of the province of Jaén</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100125041614/http://jaenfotos.orgfree.com/">Jaén en Fotografías</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100209050123/http://jaenmusica.orgfree.com/">Jaén y su Música</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://policialocaljaen.orgfree.com/">Biblioteca de la Policía Local de Jaén</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deporjaen.orgfree.com/">Peña del Deportivo de la Coruña de Jaén</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090728172044/http://www.robotjaen.es/">Gastromonía, 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaén,_Spain&oldid=1257560528">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaén,_Spain&oldid=1257560528</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Asqueladd" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731684642"> <span>Last edited on 15 November 2024, at 15:30</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)" title="جيان (مدينة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيان (مدينة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C3%A9n" title="Chaén – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chaén" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xaen" title="Xaen – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xaen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="خائن (ایسپانیا) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خائن (ایسپانیا)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_(Se-pan-g%C3%A2)" title="Jaén (Se-pan-gâ) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jaén (Se-pan-gâ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Хаэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хаэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хаен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хаен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_(Spagn)" title="Jaén (Spagn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jaén (Spagn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_(munisipyo)" title="Jaén (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Jaén (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%AD%CE%BD" title="Χαέν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαέν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4aeno" title="Ĥaeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥaeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="خائن (اسپانیا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خائن (اسپانیا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_(Espagne)" title="Jaén (Espagne) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jaén (Espagne)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_(baile)" title="Jaén (baile) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Jaén (baile)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xa%C3%A9n" title="Xaén – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xaén" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%97%94_(%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8)" title="하엔 (스페인) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하엔 (스페인)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%A5%D5%B6_(%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84)" title="Խաեն (քաղաք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խաեն (քաղաք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaen" title="Jaen – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Jaen" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Хаэн – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хаэн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_(borg_%C3%AD_Andal%C3%BAs%C3%ADu)" title="Jaén (borg í Andalúsíu) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jaén (borg í Andalúsíu)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%90%D7%90%D7%9F" title="חאאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חאאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ხაენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხაენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_(Ja%C3%A9n)" title="Jaén (Jaén) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jaén (Jaén)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaen" title="Jaen – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Jaen" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haena" title="Haena – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Haena" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaenas" title="Chaenas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chaenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_(Spanyolorsz%C3%A1g)" title="Jaén (Spanyolország) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jaén (Spanyolország)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="خاين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خاين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Sepanyol" title="Jaén, Sepanyol – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jaén, Sepanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_(Spanje)" title="Jaén (Spanje) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jaén (Spanje)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3" title="ハエン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハエン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Хаэн – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хаэн" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جیان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_(Hiszpania)" title="Jaén (Hiszpania) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jaén (Hiszpania)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Хаэн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хаэн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spanj%C3%AB" title="Jaén, Spanjë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jaén, Spanjë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" title="Jaén, Spain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jaén, Spain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_(Szpa%C5%84ijo)" title="Jaén (Szpańijo) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jaén (Szpańijo)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хаен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хаен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хаен – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хаен" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ฆาเอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฆาเอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хаен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хаен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%8C_%DB%81%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81" title="خائن، ہسپانیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خائن، ہسپانیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n" title="Jaén – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jaén" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Espanya" title="Jaén, Espanya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jaén, Espanya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%81%A9%EF%BC%88%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%EF%BC%89" title="哈恩（西班牙） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈恩（西班牙）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%81%A9" title="哈恩 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哈恩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xaen" title="Xaen – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Xaen" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%81%A9_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99)" title="哈恩 (西班牙) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈恩 (西班牙)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 15:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless 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