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class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wedding invitation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbitasyon_sa_kasal" title="Imbitasyon sa kasal – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Imbitasyon sa kasal" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svatebn%C3%AD_ozn%C3%A1men%C3%AD" title="Svatební oznámení – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svatební oznámení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AA" title="کارت دعوت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارت دعوت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EC%B2%A9%EC%9E%A5" title="청첩장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="청첩장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartu_undangan" title="Kartu undangan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kartu undangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="הזמנה לחתונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הזמנה לחתונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ಲಗ್ನಪತ್ರಿಕೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಗ್ನಪತ್ರಿಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="വിവാഹ ക്ഷണക്കത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിവാഹ ക്ഷണക്കത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kad_kahwin" title="Kad kahwin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kad kahwin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E5%A9%9A%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%9B%E5%BE%85%E7%8A%B6" title="結婚式招待状 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="結婚式招待状" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A2_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE" title="ਗੰਢ ਭੇਜਣਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੰਢ ਭੇਜਣਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="د واده بلنلیک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د واده بلنلیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaproszenia_%C5%9Blubne" title="Zaproszenia ślubne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zaproszenia ślubne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invita%C8%9Bie_la_nunt%C4%83" title="Invitație la nuntă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Invitație la nuntă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Свадебные пригласительные – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Свадебные пригласительные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D" title="திருமண அழைப்பிதழ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திருமண அழைப்பிதழ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" 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0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wedding_invitation&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Wedding_invitation" title="Talk:Wedding invitation">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wedding-invitation-cards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wedding-invitation-cards.jpg/170px-Wedding-invitation-cards.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wedding-invitation-cards.jpg/255px-Wedding-invitation-cards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wedding-invitation-cards.jpg/340px-Wedding-invitation-cards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption>Mix of wedding invitations of Chinese and western styles</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>wedding invitation</b> is a letter asking the recipient to attend a <a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">wedding</a>. It is typically written in the formal, <a href="/wiki/Grammatical" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammatical">third-person</a> language and mailed five to eight weeks before the wedding date. </p><p>Like any other invitation, it is the privilege and duty of the host—historically, for younger brides in <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>, the mother of the bride, on behalf of the bride's family—to issue invitations, either by sending them herself or causing them to be sent, either by enlisting the help of relatives, friends, or her social <a href="/wiki/Secretary" title="Secretary">secretary</a> to select the guest list and address envelopes, or by hiring a service. With computer technology, some are able to print directly on envelopes from a guest list using a <a href="/wiki/Mail_merge" title="Mail merge">mail merge</a> with <a href="/wiki/Word_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Word processing">word processing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spreadsheet" title="Spreadsheet">spreadsheet</a> software. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_invitation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Middle_Ages_and_before">The Middle Ages and before</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_invitation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Middle Ages and before"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the invention of the moveable-type <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a> by <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Johannes Gutenberg</a> in 1447, weddings in England were typically announced by means of a <a href="/wiki/Town_crier" title="Town crier">Town crier</a>: a man who would walk through the streets announcing in a loud voice the news of the day. Traditionally, anyone within earshot became part of the celebration. </p><p>In the Middle Ages, illiteracy was widespread among common people, so the practice of sending written wedding invitations emerged among the nobility. Families of means would commission monks, skilled in the art of <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphy</a>, to hand-craft their notices. </p><p>Such documents often carried the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>, or personal crest, of the individual and were sealed with wax. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_1600_onward">From 1600 onward</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_invitation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: From 1600 onward"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the emergence of the printing press, the ordinary printing techniques of the time, in which ink was simply stamped onto the paper using lead type, produced too poor a result for stylish invitations. However, the tradition of announcing weddings in the newspaper did become established at this time. </p><p>In 1642, the invention of metal-plate engraving (or <a href="/wiki/Mezzotint" title="Mezzotint">Mezzotint</a>) by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Siegen" title="Ludwig von Siegen">Ludwig von Siegen</a> brought higher-quality wedding invitations within the reach of the emerging middle class.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">Engraving</a>, as the name implies, requires an artisan to "hand write" the text in reverse onto a metal plate using a carving tool, and the plate was then used to print the invitation. The resulting engraved invitations were protected from smudging by a sheet of tissue paper placed on top, which is a tradition that remains to this day. </p><p>At the time, the wording of wedding invitations was more elaborate than today; typically, the name of each guest was individually printed on the invitation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Industrial_Revolution">The Industrial Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_invitation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Industrial Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the invention of <a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">Lithography</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alois_Senefelder" title="Alois Senefelder">Alois Senefelder</a> in 1798, it became possible to produce very sharp and distinctive inking without the need for engraving.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This paved the way for the emergence of a genuine mass-market in wedding invitations. </p><p>Wedding invitations were still delivered by hand and on horseback, however, due to the unreliability of the nascent postal system. A ‘double envelope’ was used to protect the invitation from damage en route to its recipient. This tradition remains today, despite advances in postal reliability. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_times">Modern times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_invitation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origins of commercially printed 'fine wedding stationery' can be traced to the period immediately following World War II, where a combination of democracy and rapid industrial growth gave the common man the ability to mimic the lifestyles and materialism of society's elite. About this time, prominent society figures, such as <a href="/wiki/Amy_Vanderbilt" title="Amy Vanderbilt">Amy Vanderbilt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emily_Post" title="Emily Post">Emily Post</a>, emerged to advise the ordinary man and woman on appropriate <a href="/wiki/Etiquette" title="Etiquette">etiquette</a>. </p><p>Growth in the use of wedding stationery was also underpinned by the development of <a href="/wiki/Thermographic_printing" title="Thermographic printing">thermography</a>. Although it lacks the fineness and distinctiveness of engraving, thermography is a less expensive method of achieving raised type. This technique often called poor man's engraving, produces shiny, raised lettering without impressing the surface of the paper (in the way traditional engraving does). As such, wedding invitations – either printed or engraved – finally became affordable for all. </p><p>More recently <a href="/wiki/Letterpress_printing" title="Letterpress printing">Letterpress printing</a> has made a strong resurgence in popularity for wedding invitations. It has a certain boutique and <a href="/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">craft</a> appeal due to the deep impression or bite that can be achieved. It was not the original intent of letterpress to bite into the paper in this way, but rather to kiss it creating a flat print. The bite or deep impression is a recent aesthetic that adds the sensory experience of touch to letterpress printed wedding invitations. Many letterpress printers that specialize in wedding invitations are small start-ups or artisan printers, rather than large printing companies. </p><p>Laser engraving has also been making headway in the wedding invitation market over the last few years. Primarily used for engraving wood veneer invitations, it is also used to engrave acrylic or to mark certain types of metal invitations. </p><p>The latest trend in wedding invitations is to order them online. Using the internet has made viewing, organizing and ordering wedding invitations an easy task. There are hundreds of websites that offer wedding invitations and stationery and being online allows the customer to order from anywhere in the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_invitation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etiquette regarding the text on a formal wedding invitation varies according to country, culture and language. In Western countries, a formal invitation is typically written in the formal, third-person language, saying that the <a href="/wiki/Hospitality" title="Hospitality">hosts</a> wish for the recipient to attend the wedding and giving its date, time, and place. In some non-Western countries, such as India, where the concept of wedding invitations was acquired through the British, the language continues to follow Western traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the bride's parents are traditionally the hosts of the wedding, the text commonly begins with the names of the bride's parents as they use them in formal social contexts, e.g., "Mr. and Mrs. John A Smith" or "Dr. Mary Jones and Mr. John Smith". The exact wording varies, but a typical phrasing runs as follows: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RedBumbleBeeInvitations.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/RedBumbleBeeInvitations.JPG/220px-RedBumbleBeeInvitations.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/RedBumbleBeeInvitations.JPG/330px-RedBumbleBeeInvitations.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/RedBumbleBeeInvitations.JPG/440px-RedBumbleBeeInvitations.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption>A modern wedding invitation</figcaption></figure> <blockquote><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <p>Mr. and Mrs. John A Smith<br /> request the honor of your presence<br /> at the wedding of their daughter<br /> Jessica Marie<br /> to<br /> Mr. Michael Francis Miller<br /> on the first of November <br /> at twelve noon <br /> Christchurch Hall<br /> Richmond, Virginia<br /> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Wedding invitations sometimes include the spelling 'honour,' even in the United States, where the 'u' is not correct in any other context regardless of formality. This practice derives from a ruling laid down by <a href="/wiki/Emily_Post" title="Emily Post">Emily Post</a> in the 1920s. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the line "request...presence" is used when the ceremony is held in a house of worship; "pleasure of your company" is used when it is held elsewhere.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>If the groom's parents are also hosts of the wedding, then their names may be added as well. If the parents are not the hosts of the wedding, then the host's name is substituted in the first line, or, especially if the bride and groom are themselves the hosts, it may be written in the passive voice: "The honour of your presence is requested at the wedding of..." </p><p>Formal announcements, sent after the wedding ceremony, omit the time and sometimes the place, but usually retain the same general form. </p><p>Informal invitations, appropriate to less formal weddings, are issued by word of mouth or by hand-written letter. So long as they convey the necessary practical information about the time and place, there is no set form for these invitations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Printing_and_design">Printing and design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_invitation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Printing and design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commercial wedding invitations are typically printed using one of the following methods: <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">lithography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thermography" title="Thermography">thermography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Letterpress_printing" title="Letterpress printing">letterpress printing</a>, sometimes blind <a href="/wiki/Embossing_(paper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Embossing (paper)">embossing</a>, compression plate process, or <a href="/wiki/Offset_printing" title="Offset printing">offset printing</a>. More recently, many brides are printing on their home computers using a <a href="/wiki/Laser_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser printer">laser printer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Inkjet_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkjet printer">inkjet printer</a>. For the artistically inclined, they can be handmade or written in [calligraphy]. </p><p>Historically, wedding invitations were hand-written unless the length of the guest list made this impractical.<sup id="cite_ref-Judith_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Judith-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When mass-production was necessary, engraving was preferred over the only other widely available then option, which was a relatively poor quality of letterpress printing. Hand-written invitations, in the hosts' own handwriting, are still considered most correct whenever feasible; these invitations follow the same formal third-person form as printed ones for formal weddings and take the form of a personal letter for less formal weddings.<sup id="cite_ref-Judith_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Judith-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tissues are often provided by manufacturers to place over the printed text. Originally, the purpose of the tissue was to reduce smudging or blotting, especially on invitations poorly printed or hastily mailed before the ink was fully dried, but improved printing techniques mean they are now simply decorative.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who know that their original purpose has been made irrelevant by dramatic improvements in printing technology usually discard them.<sup id="cite_ref-Martin1990_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin1990-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern invitation design follows fashion trends. Invitations are generally chosen to match the couple's personal preferences, the level of formality of the event, and any color scheme or planned theme. For example, a casual beach wedding may have light, fresh colors and beach-related graphics. A formal church wedding may have more scripty <a href="/wiki/Typefaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Typefaces">typefaces</a> and lots of ornamentation that matches the formal nature of the event. The design of the invitation is becoming less and less traditional and more reflective of the couple's personality. Some web-based print-on-demand companies now allow couples to design or customize their own wedding invitations. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_Foil_Invitation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Rose_Foil_Invitation.jpg/220px-Rose_Foil_Invitation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Rose_Foil_Invitation.jpg/330px-Rose_Foil_Invitation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Rose_Foil_Invitation.jpg/440px-Rose_Foil_Invitation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1827" data-file-height="1267" /></a><figcaption>An example of a foil modern wedding invitation</figcaption></figure> <p>More recently in 2019, foil stamping and foil sleeking invitations have come back into trend. Foil sleeking is applied by applying a thick layer of toner to a paper using all four CMYK colours and a fifth white colour, next the card is fed through a foil heat transfer machine where the foil sticks to the toner and design. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The invitation is typically a note card, folded in half, or perhaps French folded (folded twice, into quarters). Other options include a sheet of paper, a <a href="/wiki/Tri-fold" class="mw-redirect" title="Tri-fold">tri-fold</a>, or a trendy pocket-fold design. The appropriate <a href="/wiki/Paper_density" title="Paper density">paper density</a> depends on the design but typically ranges from heavy paper to very stiff card stock. There are also acrylic invitations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mailing">Mailing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_invitation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mailing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, wedding invitations are mailed in double envelopes. The inner <a href="/wiki/Envelope" title="Envelope">envelope</a> may be lined, is not gummed, and fits into the outer envelope. The outer envelope is gummed for sealing and addressing. More recently, the inner envelope is often left out in the interest of saving money, paper, and postage. In some cases, a pocketfold takes the place of an inner envelope. </p><p>In countries that issue them, the envelope may be <a href="/wiki/Franking" title="Franking">franked</a> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Love_stamp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Love stamp (page does not exist)">love stamps</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States postal service</a> issues a love stamp each year specifically denominated to cover the double weight of the invitation and reply (a rate slightly less than the cost of two regular stamps). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Response">Response</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_invitation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with any invitation, the sole obligation of the recipient person is to respond, as promptly as reasonably possible, to let the hosts know whether or not he will be able to attend.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Receiving a wedding invitation does not obligate the recipient either to attend the wedding or to send a gift. </p><p>A proper response is written on the recipient's normal <a href="/wiki/Stationery" title="Stationery">stationery</a>, following the form of the invitation. For example, if the invitation uses formal, third-person language, then the recipient replies in formal, third-person language, saying either "Mr. Robert Jones accepts with pleasure the kind invitation to the wedding on the first of November", or "Ms. Susan Brown regrets that she is unable to attend the wedding on the first of November." </p><p>Pre-printed, pre-addressed, pre-stamped response cards are frequently sent in the hope of encouraging a greater proportion of invited people to respond to the invitation. Some American etiquette experts consider the practice incorrect and ineffective at increasing response rates.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-393-06914-1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-393-06914-1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_items">Other items</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_invitation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other items"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the invitation itself, sellers promote a full panoply of optional printed materials. The ensemble may include an <a href="/wiki/RSVP_(invitations)" class="mw-redirect" title="RSVP (invitations)">RSVP</a> response card, a separate invitation to a <a href="/wiki/Wedding_reception" title="Wedding reception">wedding reception</a>, and information such as maps, directions, childcare options, and hotel accommodations. </p><p>Wedding invitations should be sent out 6–8 weeks prior to a wedding with slightly more time being given for out of town or destination weddings. Guests should be asked to have their reply given between 2 and 3 weeks before the wedding date. Although many couples request RSVPs to be returned up to a month prior to the wedding day. </p><p>These printers also sell matching pieces intended for the day of the wedding, such as programs, menus, table cards, place cards as well as wedding favors and party favors such as napkins, coasters, cocktail stirrers and matchboxes. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern_wedding_invitation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Modern_wedding_invitation.jpg/220px-Modern_wedding_invitation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Modern_wedding_invitation.jpg/330px-Modern_wedding_invitation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Modern_wedding_invitation.jpg/440px-Modern_wedding_invitation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="1718" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_pop_culture">In pop culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_invitation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In pop culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In "<a href="/wiki/The_Invitations_(Seinfeld_episode)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Invitations (Seinfeld episode)">The Invitations</a>" episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Seinfeld" title="Seinfeld">Seinfeld</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/George_Costanza" title="George Costanza">George Costanza</a>'s fiancée Susan is killed by licking toxic wedding invitations that George picked out because they were inexpensive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_invitation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baby_announcement" title="Baby announcement">Baby announcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_wedding_website" title="Personal wedding website">Personal wedding website</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">Monogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_crashing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding crashing">Wedding crashing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_invitation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Griffiths, Antony (ed), <i>Landmarks in Print Collecting – Connoisseurs and Donors at the British Museum since 1753</i>, p. 138, 1996, British Museum Press, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0714126098" title="Special:BookSources/0714126098">0714126098</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPennel_ER1915" class="citation book cs1">Pennel ER, ed. (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lithographylitho00penn"><i>Lithography and Lithographers</i></a>. London: T. Fisher Unwin Publisher.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lithography+and+Lithographers&rft.place=London&rft.pub=T.+Fisher+Unwin+Publisher&rft.date=1915&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flithographylitho00penn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWedding+invitation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgc.bard.edu/news/multimedia/academic/indian-wedding.html">"Bard Graduate Center"</a>. <i>www.bgc.bard.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bgc.bard.edu&rft.atitle=Bard+Graduate+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bgc.bard.edu%2Fnews%2Fmultimedia%2Facademic%2Findian-wedding.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWedding+invitation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Judith-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Judith_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Judith_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin,_Judith2005" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Judith (2005). <i>Miss Manners' Guide to Excruciatingly Correct Behavior</i>. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. pp. 390–391. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-05874-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-05874-3"><bdi>0-393-05874-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miss+Manners%27+Guide+to+Excruciatingly+Correct+Behavior&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=390-391&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Co&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-393-05874-3&rft.au=Martin%2C+Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWedding+invitation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elizabeth Post, <i>Emily Post on Weddings</i>, page 65. 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin1990-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Martin1990_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin, Judith. <i>Miss Manners' Guide for the Turn-of-the-Millennium</i>. Simon and Schuster; 1990-11-15 [cited 17 September 2012]. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780671722289" title="Special:BookSources/9780671722289">9780671722289</a>. p. 662.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin,_Judith1990" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Judith (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/missmannersguide00mart_0/page/436"><i>Miss Manners' guide for the turn-of-the-millennium</i></a></span>. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/missmannersguide00mart_0/page/436">436</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-72228-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-72228-X"><bdi>0-671-72228-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miss+Manners%27+guide+for+the+turn-of-the-millennium&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=436&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-671-72228-X&rft.au=Martin%2C+Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmissmannersguide00mart_0%2Fpage%2F436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWedding+invitation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn0-393-06914-1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-393-06914-1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin,_JudithJacobina_Martin2010" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Judith; Jacobina Martin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/missmannersguide0000mart_a1u6/page/62"><i>Miss Manners' Guide to a Surprisingly Dignified Wedding</i></a>. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/missmannersguide0000mart_a1u6/page/62">62, 80–81, 273–274</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06914-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06914-3"><bdi>978-0-393-06914-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miss+Manners%27+Guide+to+a+Surprisingly+Dignified+Wedding&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=62%2C+80-81%2C+273-274&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-393-06914-3&rft.au=Martin%2C+Judith&rft.au=Jacobina+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmissmannersguide0000mart_a1u6%2Fpage%2F62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWedding+invitation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Weddings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Weddings" title="Template:Weddings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Weddings" title="Template talk:Weddings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Weddings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Weddings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Weddings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">Weddings</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_wedding" title="Collective wedding">Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elopement" title="Elopement">Elopement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handfasting" title="Handfasting">Handfasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wedding" title="White wedding">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-wedding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_proposal_planner" title="Marriage proposal planner">Marriage proposal planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_proposal" title="Marriage proposal">Marriage proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagement" title="Engagement">Engagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banns_of_marriage" title="Banns of marriage">Banns of marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_planner" title="Wedding planner">Wedding planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_registry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridal registry">Bridal registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_shower" title="Bridal shower">Bridal shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagement_party" title="Engagement party">Engagement party</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wedding invitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_party" title="Bachelor party">Bachelor party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelorette_party" title="Bachelorette party">Bachelorette party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_and_doe" title="Stag and doe">Stag and doe party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_license" title="Marriage license">Marriage license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehearsal_dinner" title="Rehearsal dinner">Rehearsal dinner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_chapel" title="Wedding chapel">Wedding chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretna_Green#Marriage" title="Gretna Green">Gretna Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_weddings" title="Las Vegas weddings">Las Vegas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western_dress_codes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">White tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">Morning dress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_tie" title="Black tie">Black tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">Black lounge suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">Wedding dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western_wedding_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary Western wedding dress">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_crown" title="Bridal crown">Bridal crown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">Dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening gown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">Ball gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9butante_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Débutante dress">Debutante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_gloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera gloves">Opera gloves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter_(stockings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garter (stockings)">Garters</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuppah" title="Chuppah">Chuppah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_arras" title="Las arras">Las arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebes_Gamikos" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebes Gamikos">Lebes Gamikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cord" title="Wedding cord">Wedding cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_favors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding favors">Wedding favors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_mandap" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding mandap">Wedding mandap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_ring_cushion" title="Wedding ring cushion">Wedding ring cushion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishing_well_(wedding)" title="Wishing well (wedding)">Wishing well</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wedding_ceremony_participants" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wedding ceremony participants">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride" title="Bride">Bride</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_child_brides" title="List of child brides">child bride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridegroom" title="Bridegroom">Bridegroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_child_bridegrooms" title="List of child bridegrooms">child bridegroom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridesmaid" title="Bridesmaid">Bridesmaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridesman" title="Bridesman">Bridesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_girl" title="Flower girl">Flower girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groomsman" title="Groomsman">Groomsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_boy_(wedding_attendant)" title="Page boy (wedding attendant)">Page boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_officiant" title="Marriage officiant">Officiant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahesta_Bero" title="Ahesta Bero">Ahesta Bero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedding_ceremony" title="Bedding ceremony">Bedding ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_Chorus" title="Bridal Chorus">Bridal Chorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_dance" title="First dance">First dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Wedding_Blessing" title="Indian Wedding Blessing">"Indian" Wedding Blessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumping_the_broom" title="Jumping the broom">Jumping the broom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lychgate#Use_at_weddings" title="Lychgate">Lychgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_dance" title="Money dance">Money dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_music" title="Wedding music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polterabend" title="Polterabend">Polterabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounded_rice_ritual" title="Pounded rice ritual">Pounded rice ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyebaek" title="Pyebaek">Pyebaek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trash_the_dress" title="Trash the dress">Trash the dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_candle" title="Unity candle">Unity candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walima" title="Walima">Walima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_March_(Mendelssohn)" title="Wedding March (Mendelssohn)">Wedding March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_photography" title="Wedding photography">Wedding photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_reception" title="Wedding reception">Wedding reception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_videography" title="Wedding videography">Wedding videography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_breakfast" title="Wedding breakfast">Wedding breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cake" title="Wedding cake">Wedding cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cake_topper" title="Wedding cake topper">Wedding cake topper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookie_table" title="Cookie table">Cookie table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groom%27s_cake" title="Groom's cake">Groom's cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochzeitssuppe" title="Hochzeitssuppe">Hochzeitssuppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_almonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan almonds">Jordan almonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolach_(bread)" title="Kolach (bread)">Kolach (bread)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korovai" title="Korovai">Korovai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loving_cup" title="Loving cup">Loving cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_card" title="Place card">Place card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By religion<br />or culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Karaj" title="Anand Karaj">Anand Karaj (Sikh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_wedding" title="Arab wedding">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayie" title="Ayie">Ayie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi_wedding" title="Ayyavazhi wedding">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu_wedding" title="Bengali Hindu wedding">Bengali Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim_wedding" title="Bengali Muslim wedding">Bengali Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Malay_wedding" title="Brunei Malay wedding">Brunei Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese marriage">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_pre-wedding_customs" title="Chinese pre-wedding customs">Pre-wedding customs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_marriage" title="Hajong marriage">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marital_practices" title="Islamic marital practices">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyer_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Iyer wedding">Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabin" title="Qabin">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon wedding">Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_Hindu_wedding" title="Odia Hindu wedding">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian wedding">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poruwa_ceremony" title="Poruwa ceremony">Poruwa ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_wedding_traditions" title="Punjabi wedding traditions">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_wedding" title="Quaker wedding">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasrani_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasrani wedding">Saint Thomas Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_wedding" title="Shinto wedding">Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timorese_wedding_traditions" title="Timorese wedding traditions">Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%91f%C3%A9ly" title="Vőfély">Vőfély (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_wedding" title="Zoroastrian wedding">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wedding_customs_by_country" title="Wedding customs by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_customs_in_Ethiopia" title="Wedding customs in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%91f%C3%A9ly" title="Vőfély">Vőfély (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_weddings" title="Icelandic weddings">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_India" title="Weddings in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_Myanmar" title="Weddings in Myanmar">Myanmar (Burma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines" title="Marriage and wedding customs in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wedding_traditions" title="Russian wedding traditions">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poruwa_ceremony" title="Poruwa ceremony">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_wedding_traditions" title="Ukrainian wedding traditions">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Weddings in the United States and Canada">United States and Canada</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_England_and_Wales" title="Marriage in England and Wales">England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Scotland" title="Marriage in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_marriage_in_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of marriage in Great Britain and Ireland">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_wedding" title="Traditional Vietnamese wedding">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon" title="Honeymoon">Honeymoon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon_registry" title="Honeymoon registry">Honeymoon registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consummation" title="Consummation">Consummation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_wedding" title="Black wedding">Black wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elopement" title="Elopement">Elopement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_vows" title="Marriage vows">Marriage vows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlywed" title="Newlywed">Newlywed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_weddings" title="List of royal weddings">Royal weddings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-uniting_marriage" title="Self-uniting marriage">Self-uniting marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_wedding" title="Shotgun wedding">Shotgun wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knobstick_wedding" title="Knobstick wedding">Knobstick wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_anniversary" title="Wedding anniversary">Wedding anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_crashing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding crashing">Wedding crashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_vow_renewal_ceremony" title="Wedding vow renewal ceremony">Wedding vow renewal ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanless_wedding" title="Womanless wedding">Womanless wedding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>   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