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Economic trends – Istat
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46.332l-36.085-17.123v-0.044c-6.583-7.94-13.202-18.838-18.915-32.208-15.254-35.694-24.086-87.91-24.086-139.959s8.832-104.265 24.086-139.957c5.712-13.371 12.332-24.27 18.915-32.208v-0.042l36.085-17.125zM452.476 370.688c-11.436 39.768-16.669 84.498-16.669 129.331 0 44.837 5.233 89.563 16.669 129.335l-272.668-129.335 272.668-129.331z"></path></svg></span> <h2 class="mb-0 white">Economic trends</h2> </div> </section><div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row with-sidebar"> <div class="sidebar col-12 col-lg-3 px-0 order-2 order-lg-1 ps-lg-3 "> <div class="sidebar-inner px-3 pt-0 mt-0 pt-md-5 ps-md-0 ps-lg-4"> <!-- subpages menu --> <nav class="sidebar-navigation pt-0 pt-lg-5 mt-1 nav-popup white-bg" aria-labelledby="side-navigation"> <button class="btn btn-danger popup-button close-popup d-block mx-auto w-100 d-lg-none"><i class="icon-close" aria-hidden="true"></i> In this section</button> <h2 class="titolo-menu my-3 mt-lg-0 mb-lg-4 pb-lg-2" id="side-navigation">Economic trends</h2> <ul 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