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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Električni_vodiči_i_električni_izolatori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Električni_vodiči_i_električni_izolatori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Električni vodiči i električni izolatori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Električni_vodiči_i_električni_izolatori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifična_vodljivost_tehničkih_materijala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifična_vodljivost_tehničkih_materijala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Specifična vodljivost tehničkih materijala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifična_vodljivost_tehničkih_materijala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vodiči" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vodiči"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vodiči</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vodiči-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Vodiči</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vodiči-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boje_kod_višežilnih_izoliranih_vodova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boje_kod_višežilnih_izoliranih_vodova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Boje kod višežilnih izoliranih vodova</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boje_kod_višežilnih_izoliranih_vodova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strujna_opteretivost_vodiča" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strujna_opteretivost_vodiča"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Strujna opteretivost vodiča</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strujna_opteretivost_vodiča-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Električni provodnik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 82 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriese_geleier" title="Elektriese geleier — Afrikanerski" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektriese geleier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikanerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="موصل كهربائي — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موصل كهربائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductor_ll%C3%A9tricu" title="Conductor llétricu — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Conductor llétricu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C3%A7irici_materiallar" title="Keçirici materiallar — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Keçirici materiallar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A6%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="کئچیریجی ماده‌لر — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کئچیریجی ماده‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Электрычныя праваднікі — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электрычныя праваднікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Проводник — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Проводник" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80" title="তড়িৎ পরিবাহী — Bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তড়িৎ পরিবাহী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik" title="Električni provodnik — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Električni provodnik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductor_el%C3%A8ctric" title="Conductor elèctric — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Conductor elèctric" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%95%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="گەیەنەری کارەبایی — centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەیەنەری کارەبایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_vodi%C4%8D" title="Elektrický vodič — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektrický vodič" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%C4%83%D1%88" title="Ярăш — Čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ярăш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dargludydd_trydanol" title="Dargludydd trydanol — Velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dargludydd trydanol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_leder" title="Elektrisk leder — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektrisk leder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αγωγός — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγωγός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductor" title="Electrical conductor — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electrical conductor" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktilo" title="Konduktilo — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konduktilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductor_el%C3%A9ctrico" title="Conductor eléctrico — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Conductor eléctrico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrijuht" title="Elektrijuht — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektrijuht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroale_elektriko" title="Eroale elektriko — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eroale elektriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="رسانای الکتریکی — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رسانای الکتریکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4hk%C3%B6njohde" title="Sähkönjohde — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sähkönjohde" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conducteur_(%C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9)" title="Conducteur (électricité) — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conducteur (électricité)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seolt%C3%B3ir_leictreach" title="Seoltóir leictreach — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seoltóir leictreach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condutor_el%C3%A9ctrico" title="Condutor eléctrico — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Condutor eléctrico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghantar_listrik" title="Penghantar listrik — Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Penghantar listrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95" title="विद्युत चालक — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विद्युत चालक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_vodi%C4%8D" title="Električni vodič — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Električni vodič" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondikt%C3%A8_(elektrisite)" title="Kondiktè (elektrisite) — Haićanski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kondiktè (elektrisite)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haićanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromos_vezet%C3%A9s" title="Elektromos vezetés — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elektromos vezetés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Էլեկտրական հաղորդիչներ — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրական հաղորդիչներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghantar_listrik" title="Penghantar listrik — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penghantar listrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raflei%C3%B0ari" title="Rafleiðari — Islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafleiðari" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conduttore_elettrico" title="Conduttore elettrico — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Conduttore elettrico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E4%BC%9D%E5%B0%8E%E4%BD%93" title="電気伝導体 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電気伝導体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="გამტარი — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გამტარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%96%D1%88" title="Сілтеуіш — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сілтеуіш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%95" title="ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ವಾಹಕ — Kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ವಾಹಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0_%EC%A0%84%EB%8F%84%EC%B2%B4" title="전기 전도체 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전기 전도체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragihbar" title="Ragihbar — Kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ragihbar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%82%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%87" title="Өткөргүч — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Өткөргүч" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductrum" title="Conductrum — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Conductrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektros_laidininkas" title="Elektros laidininkas — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elektros laidininkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriskais_vad%C4%ABt%C4%81js" title="Elektriskais vadītājs — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elektriskais vadītājs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Електроспроводник — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електроспроводник" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="വൈദ്യുത ചാലകം — Malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൈദ്യുത ചാലകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Цахилгаан дамжуулагч — Mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цахилгаан дамжуулагч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%95_(%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE)" title="वाहक (उर्जा) — Marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वाहक (उर्जा)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengalir_elektrik" title="Pengalir elektrik — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengalir elektrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%85%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="လျှပ်ကူးပစ္စည်း — Burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လျှပ်ကူးပစ္စည်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geleider" title="Geleider — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geleider" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_leiar" title="Elektrisk leiar — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektrisk leiar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_leder" title="Elektrisk leder — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektrisk leder" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%95" title="ਬਿਜਲਈ ਚਾਲਕ — Pandžabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਿਜਲਈ ਚਾਲਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandžabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przewodnik_elektryczny" title="Przewodnik elektryczny — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przewodnik elektryczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condutor" title="Condutor — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Condutor" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="الیکٹریکل کنڈیکٹر — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الیکٹریکل کنڈیکٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condutor_el%C3%A9trico" title="Condutor elétrico — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Condutor elétrico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinchikilla_pusaq" title="Pinchikilla pusaq — Kvenča" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pinchikilla pusaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kvenča" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Проводник (физика) — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Проводник (физика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductor" title="Electrical conductor — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electrical conductor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_vodi%C4%8D" title="Elektrický vodič — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektrický vodič" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_prevodnik" title="Električni prevodnik — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Električni prevodnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrcjell%C3%ABsit_elektrik" title="Përcjellësit elektrik — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Përcjellësit elektrik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Електрични проводник — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Електрични проводник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laitere_un_Isolatore" title="Laitere un Isolatore — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Laitere un Isolatore" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktor_listrik" title="Konduktor listrik — Sudanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Konduktor listrik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sudanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_ledare" title="Elektrisk ledare — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektrisk ledare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="மின்கடத்தி — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்கடத்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="విద్యుత్ వాహకం — Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విద్యుత్ వాహకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="ตัวนำไฟฟ้า — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตัวนำไฟฟ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktor_na_elektrikal" title="Konduktor na elektrikal — Tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Konduktor na elektrikal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriksel_iletken" title="Elektriksel iletken — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektriksel iletken" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Провідник — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Провідник" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84" title="برقی موصل — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برقی موصل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr_o%CA%BBtkazgichlar" title="Elektr oʻtkazgichlar — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektr oʻtkazgichlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_d%E1%BA%ABn_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n" title="Chất dẫn điện — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chất dẫn điện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Preusmjereno sa stranice <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_vodi%C4%8D&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Električni vodič">Električni vodič</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Color_wire_blue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/220px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/330px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/440px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption>Pune <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDica" title="Žica">žice</a> od mekanoga <a href="/wiki/Bakar_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakar (element)">bakra</a> danas se upotrebljavaju za vodiče samo u unutrašnjim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Instalacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instalacija (stranica ne postoji)">instalacijama</a> zgrada, jer se mogu lako savijati.</figcaption></figure> <table class="infobox" style="width:190px; float: right; clear: right; text-align:center; margin-top:1em;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:90%; background:#DCF0FF"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetizam" title="Elektromagnetizam">Elektromagnetizam</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg/160px-VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg/240px-VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg/320px-VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; background:#DCF0FF"> <td><i>Ključne stavke</i> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 80%; line-height: 160%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektricitet" title="Elektricitet">Elektricitet</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Magnetizam" title="Magnetizam">Magnetizam</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; background:#DCF0FF"> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Elektrostatika" title="Elektrostatika">Elektrostatika</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 80%;line-height: 155%;"> <td><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">Električni naboj</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Coulombov_zakon" title="Coulombov zakon">Coulombov zakon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje">Električno polje</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_fluks" class="mw-redirect" title="Električni fluks">Električni fluks</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Gaussov_zakon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaussov zakon">Gaussov zakon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_potencijal" title="Električni potencijal">Električni potencijal</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Elektrostati%C4%8Dna_indukcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektrostatična indukcija">Elektrostatična indukcija</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_dipolni_moment" title="Električni dipolni moment">Električni dipolni moment</a> </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; background:#DCF0FF"> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Magnetostatika" title="Magnetostatika">Magnetostatika</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 80%;line-height: 155%;"> <td><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Amp%C3%A8reov_zakon_strujnog_kola" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampèreov zakon strujnog kola">Ampèreov zakon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">Električna struja</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Magnetno_polje" title="Magnetno polje">Magnetno polje</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Magnetni_fluks" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetni fluks">Magnetni fluks</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Biot%E2%80%93Savartov_zakon" class="mw-redirect" title="Biot–Savartov zakon">Biot–Savartov zakon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Magnetni_moment" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetni moment">Magnetni dipolni moment</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Gaussov_zakon_za_magnetizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaussov zakon za magnetizam">Gaussov zakon za magnetizam</a> </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; background:#DCF0FF"> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Klasi%C4%8Dni_elektromagnetizam" title="Klasični elektromagnetizam">Elektrodinamika</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 80%; line-height: 155%;"> <td><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">Vakuum</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Lorentzova_sila" title="Lorentzova sila">Lorentzova sila</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Elektromotorna_sila" title="Elektromotorna sila">EMS</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetska_indukcija" title="Elektromagnetska indukcija">Elektromagnetska indukcija</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Faradayjev_zakon_indukcije" class="mw-redirect" title="Faradayjev zakon indukcije">Faradayjev zakon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Lenzov_zakon" title="Lenzov zakon">Lenzov zakon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Struja_pomaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Struja pomaka (stranica ne postoji)">Struja pomaka</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Maxwellove_jedna%C4%8Dine" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxwellove jednačine">Maxwellove jednačine</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetno_polje" title="Elektromagnetno polje">EM polje</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetna_radijacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetna radijacija">Elektromagnetna radijacija</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Li%C3%A9nard-Wiechertov_potencijal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liénard-Wiechertov potencijal (stranica ne postoji)">Liénard-Wiechertov potencijal</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxwellov_tenzor_napona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxwellov tenzor napona (stranica ne postoji)">Maxwellov tenzor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Vrtlo%C5%BEne_struje" title="Vrtložne struje">Vrtložne struje</a> </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; background:#DCF0FF"> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_mre%C5%BEa" class="mw-redirect" title="Električna mreža">Električna mreža</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 80%; line-height: 155%;"> <td><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_provodljivost" class="mw-redirect" title="Električna provodljivost">Električna provodljivost</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_otpor" class="mw-redirect" title="Električni otpor">Električni otpor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Kapacitivnost" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapacitivnost">Kapacitivnost</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Induktivnost" title="Induktivnost">Induktivnost</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_impedanca" class="mw-redirect" title="Električna impedanca">Impedanca</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Rezonator" title="Rezonator">Resonantne šupljine</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talasovod_(elektromagnetizam)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talasovod (elektromagnetizam) (stranica ne postoji)">Talasovod</a> </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; background:#DCF0FF"> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formulacija_Maxwellovih_jedna%C4%8Dina_u_posebnoj_teoriji_relativnosti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formulacija Maxwellovih jednačina u posebnoj teoriji relativnosti (stranica ne postoji)">Kovarijantna formulacija</a></i> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 80%; line-height: 155%;"> <td><div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektromagnetni_tenzor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektromagnetni tenzor (stranica ne postoji)">Elektromagnetni tenzor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektromagnetni_tenzor_napon-energija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektromagnetni tenzor napon-energija (stranica ne postoji)">EM tenzor napon-energija</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cetiri-tok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Četiri-tok (stranica ne postoji)">Četiri-tok</a> <b>•</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektromagnetni_%C4%8Detiri-potencijal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektromagnetni četiri-potencijal (stranica ne postoji)">Elektromagnetni četiri-potencijal</a> </span></p> </div></td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="NavFrame" style="font-size: 90%; background:#FFFFFF; border-style: none; text-align: center; padding: 0px;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 90%; background:#DCF0FF"><i>Naučnici</i></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background:#FFFFF;font-size: 80%; line-height: 155%; display: none;"> <table align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="André-Marie Ampère">Ampère</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <p><a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Coulomb</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Faraday</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Heaviside</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Henry</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich Hertz">Hertz</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwell</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Tesla</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber" title="Wilhelm Eduard Weber">Weber</a> </p> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zna%C4%8Dajni_doprinosi_iz_oblasti_Elektromagnetizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Značajni doprinosi iz oblasti Elektromagnetizam (stranica ne postoji)"><i>Ostali</i></a> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><center><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; color: #000; white-space:nowrap;">Ova kutijica: <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Elektromagnetizam" title="Šablon:Elektromagnetizam"><span title="Pogledaj ovaj šablon">pogledaj</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Elektromagnetizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Elektromagnetizam (stranica ne postoji)"><span style="color: #002bb8;" title="Razgovor o ovom šablonu">razgovor</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Elektromagnetizam&action=edit"><span style="color: #002bb8;" title="Možete da uredite ovaj šablon.">uredi</span></a></div></center> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Električni vodič</b> ili <b>provodnik</b> (lat. <b>konduktor</b>, od <i>conduco</i> - vodim<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; u starijoj terminologiji <b>elektronoša</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) je <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_vodljivost" class="mw-redirect" title="Električna vodljivost">električki vodljiva</a> <a href="/wiki/Tvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tvar">tvar</a>, to jest tvar kroz koju <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">električna struja</a> može kontinuirano teći. Električnim vodičem se smatra tvar kojoj je <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_vodljivost" class="mw-redirect" title="Električna vodljivost">električna provodnost</a> veća od približno 10<sup>7</sup> <a href="/wiki/Simens" class="mw-disambig" title="Simens">S</a>/m. Električna provodnost <a href="/wiki/Kovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Kovina">kovina</a> temelji se na građi njihovih <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoma</a>, odnosno na lakoj pokretljivosti <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a> vanjske <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_ljuska" title="Elektronska ljuska">elektronske ljuske</a>, koji se pod djelovanjem neke <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sile</a> mogu usmjereno <a href="/wiki/Gibanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibanje">gibati</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bakar_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakar (element)">Bakar</a> i <a href="/wiki/Aluminij" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminij">aluminij</a> koriste se najčešće kao <a href="/wiki/Materijal" title="Materijal">materijali</a> električnih vodiča, dok su <a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">srebro</a> i <a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">zlato</a> za to preskupi, ali se, uz druge kovine i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slitine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slitine (stranica ne postoji)">slitine</a>, upotrebljavaju za električne kontakte. U te se svrhe, posebno u obliku <a href="/wiki/Elektroda" title="Elektroda">elektroda</a>, koristi i <a href="/wiki/Ugljik" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugljik">ugljik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>), koji je električki vodljiv zbog svojih delokaliziranih, lakopokretljivih elektrona. Neke tvari (metali, slitine ili keramički <a href="/wiki/Oksidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oksidi">oksidi</a>), ohlađene na ekstremno niske temperature, izgube svoj električni otpor pa postanu idealni vodiči električne struje (<a href="/wiki/Supravodljivost" class="mw-redirect" title="Supravodljivost">supravodljivost</a>). <a href="/wiki/Elektrolit" title="Elektrolit">Elektroliti</a> (otopine <a href="/wiki/Soli" class="mw-redirect" title="Soli">soli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiseline" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiseline">kiseline</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu%C5%BEine_(kemija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lužine (kemija) (stranica ne postoji)">lužine</a>), koji vode električnu struju zahvaljujući pokretljivosti svojih <a href="/wiki/Ion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion">iona</a>, se u užem smislu ne ubrajaju u električne vodiče. </p><p>Električnim vodičem smatra se i tijelo građeno od električki vodljive tvari. To je ponajprije <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDica" title="Žica">žica</a>, najčešće od istoga materijala (homogeni vodič) ili od dvaju različitih materijala (kombinirani vodič), gola ili izolirana, uglavnom kružna presjeka, koja u okviru <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_vod" title="Električni vod">električnog voda</a> služi za provođenje električne struje predviđenim putem. Osim žice, kao vodič služi i traka, šipka ili ploča, kao što je to na primjer u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gromobranska_za%C5%A1tita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gromobranska zaštita (stranica ne postoji)">gromobranskoj zaštiti</a>. U terminologiji <a href="/wiki/Elektroenergetski_sustav" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektroenergetski sustav">elektroenergetskoga sustava</a>, vodič je naziv za dio (komponentu) električnoga voda koja tijekom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pogon (stranica ne postoji)">pogona</a> trajno vodi struju <a href="/wiki/Optere%C4%87enje" title="Opterećenje">opterećenja</a> voda (fazni vodič u <a href="/wiki/Trofazna_struja" title="Trofazna struja">trofaznim vodovima izmjenične struje</a> i polni vodič u vodovima <a href="/wiki/Istosmjerna_struja" class="mw-redirect" title="Istosmjerna struja">istosmjerne struje</a>). Materijali za električne vodiče uglavnom su tvrdovučeni bakar ili aluminij, te neke slitine na njihovoj osnovi. U prvom razdoblju razvoja javne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrifikacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrifikacija (stranica ne postoji)">elektrifikacije</a>, za vodiče nadzemnih vodova za prijenos i razdiobu <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_energija" title="Električna energija">električne energije</a> upotrebljavao se uglavnom bakar. Danas se najviše rabi sam aluminij ili se kombinira s <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Celik" title="Čelik">čelikom</a>, kako bi se vodič mehanički pojačao (aluminijsko-čelični vodič poznat kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alu%C4%8Del&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alučel (stranica ne postoji)">alučel</a>), odnosno katkada čvršća slitina aluminija (na primjer Aldrey). Za razliku od nadzemnih vodova, za vodiče podzemnih vodova (kabela) uzima se, osim aluminija, razmjerno često i bakar. Pune žice od mekanoga bakra (iznimno od aluminija) danas se upotrebljavaju za vodiče samo u unutrašnjim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Instalacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instalacija (stranica ne postoji)">instalacijama</a> zgrada, jer se mogu lako savijati, što je za te instalacije bitno. Vodiči položeni pod <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDbuka" class="mw-redirect" title="Žbuka">žbuku</a> ili u <a href="/wiki/Beton" title="Beton">beton</a> u <a href="/wiki/Zgrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Zgrada">zgradama</a> izolirani su uglavnom <a href="/wiki/Polimer" title="Polimer">polimernim</a> materijalima. Vodiči se nalaze u mnogim električnim uređajima, kao što su to žice namota <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_strojevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Električni strojevi">električnih strojeva</a> i <a href="/wiki/Transformator" title="Transformator">transformatora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnet" title="Elektromagnet">elektromagneta</a>, prigušnica, služe kao <a href="/wiki/Cijev" title="Cijev">cijevne</a> i druge sabirnice u rasklopnim energetskim postrojenjima, vodiči su i kontaktne žice električnih <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljeznica" title="Željeznica">željeznica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trolejbus" title="Trolejbus">trolejbusa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tramvaj" title="Tramvaj">tramvaja</a>, pa čak i tramvajske <a href="/wiki/Tra%C4%8Dnice" class="mw-redirect" title="Tračnice">tračnice</a>. U <a href="/wiki/Telekomunikacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Telekomunikacija">telekomunikacijskim</a> vodovima, vodiči se koriste za prijenos <a href="/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk">zvuka</a>, slike i <a href="/wiki/Informacija" title="Informacija">informacija</a> na velike udaljenosti, a osnovna su komponenta i u signalnim instalacijskim mrežama. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Električni_vodiči_i_električni_izolatori"><span id="Elektri.C4.8Dni_vodi.C4.8Di_i_elektri.C4.8Dni_izolatori"></span>Električni vodiči i električni izolatori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Električni vodiči i električni izolatori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Električni vodiči i električni izolatori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_izolator" title="Električni izolator">Električni izolator</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Prijeđemo li rukom preko elektriziranog <a href="/wiki/Staklo" title="Staklo">staklenog</a> štapa i približimo li ga zatim papirićima, vidjet ćemo da ih više neće privlačiti. Štap više nije električan jer je izgubio svoj <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">električni naboj</a>. <a href="/wiki/Elektricitet" title="Elektricitet">Elektricitet</a> je prešao preko ruke u zemlju. Natarimo ponovo štap, dodirnimo ga na primjer komadom <a href="/wiki/Vosak" title="Vosak">voska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smola" title="Smola">smole</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Drvo_(materijal)" title="Drvo (materijal)">drva</a>, i on će nakon toga opet privlačiti <a href="/wiki/Papir" title="Papir">papiriće</a>. Elektricitet se sada nije izgubio kao prije dodirom štapa rukom ili bilo kojom <a href="/wiki/Kovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Kovina">kovinom</a>. Znači, sve tvari ne provode jednako elektricitet, a prema tome ni <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">električnu struju</a>. </p><p>Zbog toga tvari dijelimo na električne vodiče i električne izolatore, koji se također nazivaju i <a href="/wiki/Dielektrik" title="Dielektrik">dielektrici</a>. Vodiči su tvari koje dobro provode električnu struju, dok je izolatori ne provode. Vodiči su svi <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metali</a>, razrijeđeni <a href="/wiki/Plin" class="mw-redirect" title="Plin">plinovi</a>, nečista <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">voda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiseline" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiseline">kiseline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otopine" class="mw-redirect" title="Otopine">otopine</a> <a href="/wiki/Soli" class="mw-redirect" title="Soli">soli</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baze_(kemija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baze (kemija) (stranica ne postoji)">baza (lužina)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ugljen" title="Ugljen">ugljen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staklo" title="Staklo">staklo</a> u tekućem stanju i tako dalje. Ali ni svi metali nisu jednako dobri vodiči. Među njima je najbolji vodič <a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">srebro</a>, a zatim <a href="/wiki/Bakar_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakar (element)">bakar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aluminij" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminij">Aluminij</a> je također dobar vodič, pa se mnogo upotrebljava za <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_vod" title="Električni vod">električne vodove</a> visokog <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon" title="Električni napon">električnog napona</a>. Izolatori su <a href="/wiki/Staklo" title="Staklo">staklo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porculan" class="mw-redirect" title="Porculan">porculan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc">kvarc</a>, tinjac (tinjci ili liskuni su slojeviti <a href="/wiki/Silikati" title="Silikati">silikati</a> ili filosilikati), <a href="/wiki/Guma" title="Guma">guma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svila" title="Svila">svila</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parafin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parafin (stranica ne postoji)">parafin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulje" class="mw-disambig" title="Ulje">ulje</a>, čista voda i tako dalje. </p><p>Vodiči i izolatori su jednako važni u svakodnevnom životu, jer prve upotrebljavamo za vođenje električne struje, dok drugi služe za sprečavanje prolaza struje. Tako na primjer čašice od porculana služe za vezivanje žica na električnim stupovima: to su izolatori. Isto tako ovijamo električne <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDica" title="Žica">žice</a> slojem gume, plastikom, svilom ili papirom koji je namočen u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parafin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parafin (stranica ne postoji)">parafin</a> da ne bi struja prešla sa žice na druge predmete. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifična_vodljivost_tehničkih_materijala"><span id="Specifi.C4.8Dna_vodljivost_tehni.C4.8Dkih_materijala"></span>Specifična vodljivost tehničkih materijala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Specifična vodljivost tehničkih materijala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Specifična vodljivost tehničkih materijala"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:T-vodljivost.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/T-vodljivost.jpg/220px-T-vodljivost.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/T-vodljivost.jpg/330px-T-vodljivost.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/T-vodljivost.jpg/440px-T-vodljivost.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Tabela i slika daju usporedbu specifičnih vodljivosti najčešće korištenih materijala u elektrici i elektronici, pri 20°C. </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><b>materijal</b> </td> <td><b>spec.vodljivost</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><b>m/Ω</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>aluminij </td> <td>25-34,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>bakar </td> <td>56-57 </td></tr> <tr> <td>cekas </td> <td>0,89-1,03 </td></tr> <tr> <td>konstantan </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>čelična žica </td> <td>5,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>mesing </td> <td>12,5-14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>platina </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>srebro </td> <td>61 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ugljen </td> <td>oko 0,01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>volfram </td> <td>18,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>zlato </td> <td>43,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>živa </td> <td>1,04 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> Struju najbolje provodi <a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">srebro</a>, a zatim <a href="/wiki/Bakar_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakar (element)">bakar</a> koji je međutim znatno jeftiniji. Kada nije bitan <a href="/wiki/Obujam" class="mw-redirect" title="Obujam">obujam</a>, već samo cijena i <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a> vodiča, kao npr. kod <a href="/wiki/Dalekovod" title="Dalekovod">dalekovoda</a>, koristi se <a href="/wiki/Aluminij" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminij">aluminij</a>. Kako su pored vodljivosti često važna i neka kemijska ili mehanička svojstva vodiča koriste se i mnoge druge kovine i njihove <a href="/wiki/Slitina" class="mw-redirect" title="Slitina">slitine</a>, npr. <a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">zlato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">platina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink">cink</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">živa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mjed" class="mw-redirect" title="Mjed">mjed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronca" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronca">bronca</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Celik" title="Čelik">čelik</a>. </p><p>Dobru provodljivost imaju i neke otopine, no mehanizam prijenosa električnog naboja u otopinama (koje zovemo <b><a href="/wiki/Elektrolit" title="Elektrolit">elektrolitima</a></b>) bitno se razlikuje od mehanizma premještanja elektrona u čvrstim tvarima i može biti vrlo kompliciran. </p><p>Na kraju, postoje materije, koje mijenjaju vodljivost zavisno o raznim uvjetima, a među njima najpoznatiji su tzv. <b><a href="/wiki/Poluvodi%C4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Poluvodič">poluvodiči</a></b>. To su posebne vrste materijala na bazi kemijskih elemenata silicija ili germanija, koji izraženo mijenjaju provodljivost zavisno o temperaturi i količini nečistoća. </p><p>Većina vodiča smanjuje vodljivost (teže dopušta kretanje elektrona) ako se zagrije na više temperature i obratno. Kod vrlo vrlo niskih temperatura, neki materijali postaju <a href="/wiki/Supravodljivost" class="mw-redirect" title="Supravodljivost">supervodljivi</a>, tj. preskakanje elektrona s atoma na atom se dešava bez ikakvog otpora. </p><p>Postoje međutim i materijali koji se ponašaju obrnuto. Tako primjerice ugljenu raste vodljivost pri porastu temperature. Malo je poznato, da jedan od najboljih izolatora pri sobnoj temperaturi - staklo, postaje jako vodljivo kad se ugrije do temperature taljenja. </p><p>Puno su rjeđi materijali, koji u uobičajenim temperaturnim granicama gotovo nimalo ne mijenjaju vodljivost. Takav je primjerice tzv. konstantan. Takvi se koriste za posebne namjene u elektrici i elektronici, najčešće u kolima za automatsku regulaciju i temperaturnu stabilizaciju </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vodiči"><span id="Vodi.C4.8Di"></span>Vodiči</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Vodiči" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vodiči"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sample_cross-section_of_high_tension_power_(pylon)_line.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sample_cross-section_of_high_tension_power_%28pylon%29_line.jpg/220px-Sample_cross-section_of_high_tension_power_%28pylon%29_line.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sample_cross-section_of_high_tension_power_%28pylon%29_line.jpg/330px-Sample_cross-section_of_high_tension_power_%28pylon%29_line.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sample_cross-section_of_high_tension_power_%28pylon%29_line.jpg/440px-Sample_cross-section_of_high_tension_power_%28pylon%29_line.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1636" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alu%C4%8Del&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alučel (stranica ne postoji)">Alučel</a> (skraćeno od aluminij-čelik) ili alučel vodič je naziv za materijal od kojega se izrađuje jedna vrsta kombiniranih električnih vodiča za <a href="/wiki/Dalekovod" title="Dalekovod">dalekovode</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Razne vrste golih ili izoliranih žica i kabela za električne instalacije, trolejvodove i dr. Polažu se kao zračni vodovi (razapeti između nosećih elemenata ili stupova od kojih su izolirani raznim izvedbama izolatora), zatim za polaganje u zemlju, pod more, pod žbuku, u zaštitne cijevi, za rudarske namjene i dr. </p><p>Vodiči se u tehnici javljaju kao: </p> <ul><li>goli vodiči</li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li>trolejvodovi (za oduzimanje energije za pogon lokomotiva, tramvaja, dizalica i dr.) posebno oblikovanog, standardiziranog presjeka za pojedine namjene.</li> <li>gola bakrena žica (za razvodne kutije, elektroničke uređaje, električne peći i sl.)</li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>izolirani vodiči (kabeli)</li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li>lak-žica (lakom izolirana bakrena žica) za motanje manjih transformatora, zavojnica i sl.</li> <li>kabeli s gumenom izolacijom (sa ili bez vanjskog zaštitnog opleta od pamuka, čelične žice ili trake, )</li> <li>kabeli s PVC izolacijom (okrugli sa ili bez dodatne vanjske zaštitne obloge, plosnati za pod žbuku raznih izvedbi i dr.)</li> <li>svilom izolirana žica za zavojnice i uređaje slabe struje</li> <li>teške i oklopljene izvedbe za pogonske - radioničke uvjete</li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> Također postoje posebne izvedbe sa nosećim užetom za vješanje na velikim rasponima, otporne na atmosferske uvjete, lake i ojačane izvedbe, mnogožične i finožične izvedbe (pletenica od tankih žica koje podnose vibracije i višestruko savijanja, npr. za automobile, perilice i sl.) </p><p>Posebne su izvedbe za viši i visoki napon. </p><p>Sve izvedbe, kao i sustav označavanja, dopuštena mehanička i strujna opteretivost, maksimalni provjes zračnih vodova i dr., standardizirani su. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boje_kod_višežilnih_izoliranih_vodova"><span id="Boje_kod_vi.C5.A1e.C5.BEilnih_izoliranih_vodova"></span>Boje kod višežilnih izoliranih vodova</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Boje kod višežilnih izoliranih vodova" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Boje kod višežilnih izoliranih vodova"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Crni, smeđi i sivi vod – primjenjuju se za fazne vodove.</li> <li>Svijetloplavi vod – primjenjuje se za neutralni vod, ako nema neutralnog voda može se koristiti za fazni vod.</li> <li>Zeleno-žuti vod – primjenjuje se za vodove sa zaštitnom funkcijom (uzemljenje).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strujna_opteretivost_vodiča"><span id="Strujna_opteretivost_vodi.C4.8Da"></span>Strujna opteretivost vodiča</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Strujna opteretivost vodiča" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Strujna opteretivost vodiča"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zavisi o vrsti provodnika, posebno o svojstvima izolacije i načinu polaganja, te osobito o površini presjeka vodiča. Izražava se kao dopuštena jakost struje po jedinici površine presjeka (A/mm<sup>2</sup>), a za konkretne presjeke kao dopuštena jakost struje u amperima (A) pri definiranoj temperaturi okoliša (0, 20 ili 40 °C). </p><p>Standardizirani su također i presjeci vodiča. Tabela daje površinu presjeka zavisno o promjeru za češće korištene presjeke u domaćinstvima i opteretivost (jednaka je nazivnoj struji osigurača kojim se strujni krug osigurava) za cijevne, oklopljene kabelske ili višežilne vodiče koji nisu položeni u cijevima, te višežilne savitljive priključne vodove pri 25°C  : </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td>promjer [mm]: </td> <td>0,98 </td> <td>1,13 </td> <td>1,78 </td> <td>2,26 </td> <td>2,76 </td> <td>3,57 </td></tr> <tr> <td>presjek [mm<sup>2</sup>]: </td> <td>0,75 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2,5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>opteretivost [A]: </td> <td>-- </td> <td>10 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>35 </td> <td>50 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Detaljniji proračun instalacija u kome se uzimaju u obzir očekivane vrste trošila, temperature okoliša, rezerva za razvoj ili proširenje, vrste i načini polaganja vodova itd. Za svaku konkretnu instalaciju treba biti određen projektom elektroinstalacije, koga izrađuje ovlaštena projektna kuća ili instalaterska tvrtka. Projektom se definiraju i sve sigurnosne mjere (uzemljenja, sustav zaštitnih vodiča i dr.) na koje obvezuju standardi i tehnički propisi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41378145">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conductor#Latin">https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conductor#Latin</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vuk Marinković, Načela fizike (str. 434). Beograd, 1851.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>vodič</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=65134">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Velimir Kruz: "Tehnička fizika za tehničke škole", "Školska knjiga" Zagreb, 1969.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poveznice">Poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Poveznice"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_izolator" title="Električni izolator">Električni izolator</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gra%C4%91a_materije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Građa materije (stranica ne postoji)">Građa materije</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_provodnik&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Electrical_conductors" title="commons:Category:Electrical conductors"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Electrical_conductors" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Electrical conductors">Električni provodnik</a></b></i> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_87xneDGXa8">Eduvizija Video, članak "Električni vodiči i izolatori - 8. razred - Fizika", YouTube</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Električni_provodnik&oldid=41020692">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Električni_provodnik&oldid=41020692</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Elektrotehnika" title="Kategorija:Elektrotehnika">Elektrotehnika</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena 30. septembra 2020. u 08:32.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uslovi. 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