CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91a1cc301855fcf7',cH: 'Ogvld0KbSPU4ex.Y.pDb.3sDn1inA8qbWreXxvG26Gg-1740927982-1.2.1.1-ol.00Jpxdddvw4PrNdYTBjkFA7kOHcUgZ6gG2djMz3KqcejwPSmhTq7uovHTiO81',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=outcome.&__cf_chl_tk=zrYnOfqpsiYv9f9JeVn.zY0WxauCHxPvPykBg7IuI9E-1740927982-1.0.1.1-Zs1Tx9Z10OE_l_On62.XCP2sEcb1nPx2pHuDS1zPNeo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740927982',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=outcome.&__cf_chl_f_tk=zrYnOfqpsiYv9f9JeVn.zY0WxauCHxPvPykBg7IuI9E-1740927982-1.0.1.1-Zs1Tx9Z10OE_l_On62.XCP2sEcb1nPx2pHuDS1zPNeo",md: "VIl2mXP994HVvZutyVRigmpqnP8mZObQP2zoWykBH0M-1740927982-1.2.1.1-aQT9Pswlg5pNLTGJ8a5gWKVrnGpcgi67ayuzQxwEkqz6Hh1pHA4UYR5I._mC7w8nxqWZqjRjOhcgBIrcG2WrvOsPza_DXn0gmnPcbPwj4cbPcnPzVdoSIxYK4S42o6VOJMy6tD4w8wwCv4QvtMUfVESzN6OH8xZY_lBI6uCC3yHN5pvUyH1_uX5_7Ld0lUjerbhkdtNiFUHY__KJTnmD0792dFg5E_jdmuErkhuONFu7KDdODdxCScY1XaoqHIq5SHJscCReouKWKrWU9lG_4Gc8SWFVejcalIE9mvKNdwb1Ju0As6HKiAoioNSRz2O0RYI4CV3a0zkXfQucLejQMZHpW9YJFNbki4cPuyaUPNxcoOtfR3NWOA86Hy0.PvAoAg5ugV8cZsAwYn0Ofx48Vi1iBtO05BTK4aS3RNpT2ubSb7xo0Qz8NJp7yMx1m_JgBYI2Qq5E2LmGKAnzl1KCpo2UXbdHkf9DAaBniYskv0Z.VkvI4GPvs_4F3iqtEBuyGKHiornnQ_sFKuSvylWui8YE0I5FtpWm06X6adqcLT9pKmUe51Tf3WaVDEphoec3ntv.exj3X1_FbR2Ob7M2hVk7WUjshirl7_e6Wx5nwtUAcOkAFvInrVtIzSLYaVi7Gg_4OL7ayqpK9M1wOD8UBX2WKTn0lt_yLZpTF6mt6jwOlbpe_x_zEaHX4fiBrl.Jx5WwqqiLUitLBW9dnyAlKU3sBWCN0gL79G.o5aKFJWgir3MMBR.C_A2sjBH.dxTLiq5vproaMbwEUCZ4vxzPtHN57n016Eaw2nzmWvnIrCRHJVMCFvWWoBU1m9w7J2quCMZAsBLyyL4VE3YFjuNMkWAy5JI2gDMfB_l2mFcL0AgKwdcJhoPDi1EqzD3oKvBVt_JEG2XYlE5hTen9zguQdquR50oaHJYHzYQPtzGXw_Ygco1AtGfKTtxTrb9EkIFv_eZas2Lux5Ix6ClT42cmGRWQkQA4_mF1bzUJVPsHTont5ONQD83HEYi1AtgOCZrIwFuuFDIRV4EH4QFRvunL9vx0AWEm.ikcY0DCsY.ZUskAnQcPDeWz6BHfQjP.FAQNDOBnSrswnZGx7QRYmVmfE0CRHLaf5AOkmpCUFFjq8.wFqM5LMFsOPEqIhhuFYPeAT8VlQhgl_F.R_aS2BIfmGdFEbbv9pqiw.rmPYU1ww4VuuDgcIvw.srf4IgCSD6Z7Trwpk5R0aa6FjPwsGiLbwy.kSXugCyTggeokYjyNn_c",mdrd: "WNbFUnb2jyL_PX7Hf1A0OPvks_HZ_NKnK1u2NO1PM9M-1740927982-1.2.1.1-xsR0OHB.S3YG.rYnsBpmDEI2l4ox3dr.NAZFOTkOBmaGXl4ClqNf8wuw9Eim5dd2NzdeoEJAwwCvp5Cc_IbzDtDOsg3aeqSyGvZY5uPU7rPvn_d71v58_YqZvpJ0lw8F.whXPrhGulCYF8wEFB35M0psUAprCqd9_pjT3Ku57KJOszNHBNcxogHdn9F.IHShs_5bCbm13b5MpMU0.t3R8saPRPJIkSTIYhMDC72DUtau_CfdvqMBIk9XGjcg5C4QdF9ImZh4vWnsIv184sCo533TyIQj1qtKOVicLPKzQzMiM86loXbXDgYtzfc_EfcnKB0yWWPPo9viCAELRXIemuBjwYNAJiwMqnJ2vs1XH60bySimkMLgH5_TTxMUrMR3Z9xXs2_xYC0ubHI27PX_fd0SMnyVavPqiDsON9ePON9XYTIJ9OY4wqDXtyUDFTok3p52VeeJrI8d93Ilo3Hjc8zF.b7C6i9yUr6STGxcFk8LVf88VHMNTsfslt8x_jyBXtxyWIPeaWg08guUQ0Eg2o67SoCPvszUf.S3KrbT3Qpz1Z87bbGs2ff_U4PGfe1wmyV_tvOHXd0csxZsmzPb.R15u5nPXxCMh9OMwgJd7SGdn1j96i0R8_f8ti8SVnsE7ZljJmh8fPaJoqoyUcH8s3NGR0girRWQ6mLbV1aXTr5DJZS_Z1T.P4FKgrK1XfAMwT_wU5Yq1iba6eQJNaeLi5RJ9TlJxsmastxcZFJ0iVFKti6nt9.obQXcfjPzhiDiZgGgfvGYvCEycWpBBeHlsmNqcX_rcNRZOfbUlXumMKMhh7ECFlzXShW_pWL2F2Z7buHVlWhPPGe6phU04XAUfURI4f1Y.GoOikbDyncPDFRr1lF0diE4.ND3D5qz_qM19MF2Q0YjF22KuKhcfEY1UJkgNSFXDvC8tefDWqjd1RImt49b9NUQrAXofoXiddG5VQIRrZJ.U2N8aaguykrtoJawCeOJbLqQXE07DCwDsoRLe8j3AtWnjdL88rCgqgM5Dl_yG1Jjs1wPX3vzBRgAIRJy3srEHjSvmpY8.cllh.GKvJfBXHKGNmcDf.Z.g5AFyepTCqH4Bg7osOWjHXPm8zSJOis5zpWjpkKqNceVGTDebNVkbhN5bHXfZAW9L37wGxrNTWNuJFgtHLoWgHDh5.Rllyys7QdqYLeBMqAq0MTS10vxQyJ5Wc_DocWHfBajBMGDxTI8W2JxYc8ULTMxXHEV3S_e5BteVVh1baCsijZuGMuWtN4j7xpI4wxsXqN9vmKbtm0sWxEP30f_WItUqBWvbxmA5ID_LrJnPYpc7K30cVTXqKRZ_oKLpWJePrHveHWDwQ6YhHZwOe1OZMz_pSPXpl9h7zu4XJ3gec7RI1Op8PKt6FmnGsIZEnoEPQrngbLNggeA61eNB9TSE13RBiIgTp0sj4z8KsG532trrgzVdQ8hMTEIEMRzRt78BOVri7qgw4ihjVfHoNkKIda7Fig4jEclkQyPQRETkOdQP4kJ8.GzKpIOSxu31PdgBhnK.to7Szr9B5w47.j8MJaaorBjHwmIkhkm7UHmL3AAwaexm42mV0faLhomSxcaiaVcYCdmyfEKM4TnlKs0fHx.Z4GKWJsSL7p8r_Zhm7zgiMLgqRNmGH86jTFdMZzF2vbYXo8PJs7p0XZP2ypKRy6N5eyGA9KrcOIlLiy_lGIgjjK1.5eEc_LqD_xgoxJ1oLUpY.SrBHUfyDIQCZlzJ0B9tvX2k9yVMOo9NzoqNr7CaWKZYH73IUC3ZxYtDvRog5oetFUrN4abSmuOfi9fxtgWWnAFyWNBDXsOVxg9qXVKfJ8MFIccMFZUfxUNza5f0VkwXg14M59xOxq6SDedLxvK7RCJJ3SNOWG_JmNJdtrcgmWZTvWUMprXbA88mLy7m4m.OaZ_ToB7n3ztC3jn7QCwB5HuWociHFltBlsxWadcLoS66OUank8Xa1Dl9XEWtzpIzN43uEpHy74pvAT3D3z_Jg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91a1cc301855fcf7';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=outcome.&__cf_chl_rt_tk=zrYnOfqpsiYv9f9JeVn.zY0WxauCHxPvPykBg7IuI9E-1740927982-1.0.1.1-Zs1Tx9Z10OE_l_On62.XCP2sEcb1nPx2pHuDS1zPNeo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>