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mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Drury" title="Charles Drury – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charles Drury" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B2" title="چارلز میلز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چارلز میلز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Mills_Drury" title="Charles Mills Drury – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charles Mills Drury" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="تشارلز درورى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشارلز درورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Mills_Drury" title="Charles Mills Drury – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Charles Mills Drury" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q524290#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Charles Drury, see <a href="/wiki/Charles_Drury_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Charles Drury (disambiguation)">Charles Drury (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general#Canada" title="Brigadier general">Brigadier-General</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">the Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Charles Drury</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">OC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">DSO</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Counsel">QC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Mills_Drury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Charles_Mills_Drury.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Works_(Canada)" title="Minister of Public Works (Canada)">Minister of Public Works</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />8 August 1974 – 14 September 1976</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Eudes_Dub%C3%A9" title="Jean-Eudes Dubé">Jean-Eudes Dubé</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J._Judd_Buchanan" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Judd Buchanan">J. Judd Buchanan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Canada)" title="Minister of Finance (Canada)">Minister of Finance</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Acting</b></span><br />10 September 1975 – 25 September 1975</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Pierre Trudeau</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Turner" title="John Turner">John Turner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Stovel_Macdonald" title="Donald Stovel Macdonald">Donald Stovel Macdonald</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Treasury_Board" title="President of the Treasury Board">President of the Treasury Board</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 July 1968 – 7 August 1974</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Pierre Trudeau</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Benson" title="Edgar Benson">Edgar Benson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">Minister of National Defence</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Acting</b></span><br />7 September 1972 – 26 November 1972</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Pierre Trudeau</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jean-Eudes Dubé (acting)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Armstrong_Richardson" title="James Armstrong Richardson">James Armstrong Richardson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Acting</b></span><br />17 September 1970 – 23 September 1970</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Pierre Trudeau</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Cadieux" title="Léo Cadieux">Léo Cadieux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Donald Stovel Macdonald</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Saint-Henri%E2%80%94Westmount" title="Saint-Henri—Westmount">Westmount</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 June 1968 – 26 January 1978</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Riding created</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Don_Johnston" title="Don Johnston">Don Johnston</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Saint-Antoine%E2%80%94Westmount" title="Saint-Antoine—Westmount">Saint-Antoine—Westmount</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 June 1962 – 24 June 1968</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/A._Ross_Webster" title="A. Ross Webster">A. Ross Webster</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Riding dissolved</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Charles Mills Drury</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1912-05-17</span>)</span>17 May 1912<br /><a href="/wiki/Westmount,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmount, Quebec">Westmount, Quebec</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">12 January 1991<span style="display:none">(1991-01-12)</span> (aged 78)<br /><a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Jane Ferrier Counsell</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1939; died 1971)<wbr /></div> <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_L._Gordon" title="Walter L. Gordon">Walter L. Gordon</a> (brother-in-law)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1933–1970</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general#Canada" title="Brigadier general">Brigadier-General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Regiment_of_Canadian_Artillery" title="Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery">Royal Canadian Artillery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data">4th Field Regiment, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Regiment_of_Canadian_Artillery" title="Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery">Royal Canadian Artillery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">Distinguished Service Order</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general#Canada" title="Brigadier general">Brigadier-General</a> <b>Charles Mills</b> "<b>Bud</b>" <b>Drury</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">OC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">DSO</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Counsel">QC</a></span></span> (17 May 1912 – 12 January 1991) was a <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> military officer, lawyer, civil servant, businessman and politician.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Drury&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Westmount,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmount, Quebec">Westmount, Quebec</a>, he was the elder son of Victor Montague Drury (1884–1962), a prominent businessman who was the son of Major-General <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Drury" title="Charles William Drury">Charles William Drury</a> (1856–1913) and the brother-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Max_Aitken,_1st_Baron_Beaverbrook" title="Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook">Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fong2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fong2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was educated at <a href="/wiki/Selwyn_House_School" title="Selwyn House School">Selwyn House School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_College_School" title="Bishop's College School">Bishop's College School</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he later attended the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada" title="Royal Military College of Canada">Royal Military College of Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Civil_Law" title="Bachelor of Civil Law">B.C.L.</a>, 1936) and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gov_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Drury&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drury served in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Armed Forces</a> from 1933 to 1936,<sup id="cite_ref-Parliament_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parliament-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then he practiced law from 1936 to 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-gov_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, he was a <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a> officer and from March−July 1944 commanded the 4th Field Regiment of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Regiment_of_Canadian_Artillery" title="Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery">Royal Canadian Artillery</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Canadian_Division" title="2nd Canadian Division">2nd Canadian Infantry Division</a>, which took part in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a>, before being made the 2nd Division's <a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">General Staff Officer Grade 1</a> (GSO1) and later becoming the <a href="/wiki/Commander,_Royal_Artillery" title="Commander, Royal Artillery">Commander, Royal Artillery</a> (CRA) of the <a href="/wiki/4th_Canadian_Division" title="4th Canadian Division">4th Canadian (Armoured) Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general#Canada" title="Brigadier general">Brigadier-General</a> in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-Parliament_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parliament-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the war, he headed the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Rehabilitation_Administration" title="United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration">United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration</a> mission in Poland from 1945 to 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-gov_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He then entered the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_civil_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian civil service">Canadian civil service</a> and was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Deputy_minister_(Canada)" title="Deputy minister (Canada)">deputy minister</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Department of National Defence (Canada)">Department of National Defence</a> from 1949 to 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-Parliament_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parliament-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spent 1955 to 1962 working on private family business before running for election to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gov_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drury was elected as a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> party <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) for the <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> riding of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Antoine%E2%80%94Westmount" title="Saint-Antoine—Westmount">Saint-Antoine—Westmount</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Westmount_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmount (electoral district)">Westmount</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/1962_Canadian_federal_election" title="1962 Canadian federal election">1962 federal election</a>. He was re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/1963_Canadian_federal_election" title="1963 Canadian federal election">1963</a>, <a href="/wiki/1965_Canadian_federal_election" title="1965 Canadian federal election">1965</a>, <a href="/wiki/1968_Canadian_federal_election" title="1968 Canadian federal election">1968</a>, <a href="/wiki/1972_Canadian_federal_election" title="1972 Canadian federal election">1972</a> and <a href="/wiki/1974_Canadian_federal_election" title="1974 Canadian federal election">1974</a> elections. </p><p>He held many <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Crown" title="Minister of the Crown">ministerial</a> positions in the governments of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">prime ministers</a> <a href="/wiki/Lester_Pearson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lester Pearson">Lester Pearson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a>, including Defence Production, Industry, Trade and Commerce, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Presidents_of_the_Treasury_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian Presidents of the Treasury Board">Treasury Board</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Ministers_of_National_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian Ministers of National Defence">National Defence</a> (acting), <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Ministers_of_Public_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian Ministers of Public Works">Public Works</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Ministers_of_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian Ministers of Finance">Finance</a> (acting).<sup id="cite_ref-Parliament_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parliament-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After leaving politics in 1978, Drury became chairman of the <a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Commission" title="National Capital Commission">National Capital Commission</a> from 1978 to 1984. He was made an Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a> in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_record_(partial)"><span id="Electoral_record_.28partial.29"></span>Electoral record (partial)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Drury&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Electoral record (partial)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:668px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1974_Canadian_federal_election/Westmount" title="Template:1974 Canadian federal election/Westmount"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1974_Canadian_federal_election/Westmount" title="Template talk:1974 Canadian federal election/Westmount"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1974_Canadian_federal_election/Westmount" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1974 Canadian federal election/Westmount"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/1974_Canadian_federal_election" title="1974 Canadian federal election">1974 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Westmount_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmount (electoral district)">Westmount</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Drury</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">20,816</td> <td style="text-align:right;">57.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Meighen" title="Michael Meighen">Michael Meighen</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,575</td> <td style="text-align:right;">32.03</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Peter P. Berlow</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,140</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.69</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #90EE90; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_of_Canada" title="Social Credit Party of Canada">Social Credit</a></td> <td>Joseph Ranger</td> <td style="text-align:right;">412</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.14</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>Lawrence Tansey</td> <td style="text-align:right;">190</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.53</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white"> <th style="text-align:right;" colspan="3">Total valid votes </th> <th style="text-align:right;">36,133 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">100.00 </th> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white"> <th style="text-align:right;" colspan="3">Total rejected ballots </th> <th style="text-align:right;">994 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> </th> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white"> <th style="text-align:right;" colspan="3">Turnout </th> <th style="text-align:right;">37,127 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">71.96 </th> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white"> <th style="text-align:right;" colspan="3">Electors on the lists </th> <th style="text-align:right;">51,592 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> </th> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/ElectionsRidings/Elections/Profile?election=1974-07-08">lop.parl.ca</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Drury&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadaveteranshallofvalour.com/DruryCM.htm">BGen Charles Drury</a>, The Canada Veterans Hall of Valour.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclopedia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/charles-mills-drury">Charles Mills Drury</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fong2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fong2008_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Fong2008" class="citation book cs1">William Fong (24 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M365j6IRtzgC&pg=PA441"><i>J.W. McConnell: Financier, Philanthropist, Patriot</i></a>. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 441. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7468-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7468-7"><bdi>978-0-7735-7468-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.W.+McConnell%3A+Financier%2C+Philanthropist%2C+Patriot&rft.pages=441&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press+-+MQUP&rft.date=2008-10-24&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-7468-7&rft.au=William+Fong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM365j6IRtzgC%26pg%3DPA441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Drury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/selwynhouseschoo1950selw/page/17/mode/1up">Selwyn House School Yearbook 1950</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gov-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gov_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gov_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gov_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gov_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170123045919/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0001486476.pdf">"Charles M. Drury"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Office of Central Reference. <i>Central Intelligence Agency</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0001486476.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.atitle=Charles+M.+Drury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FDOC_0001486476.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Drury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parliament-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Parliament_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parliament_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parliament_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parliament_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=8581">The Hon. Charles Drury</a>, Parliament of Canada biography. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://generals.dk/general/Drury/Charles_Mills/Canada.html">"Biography of Brigadier Charles Mills Drury (1912 – 1991), Canada"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Brigadier+Charles+Mills+Drury+%281912+%E2%80%93+1991%29%2C+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgenerals.dk%2Fgeneral%2FDrury%2FCharles_Mills%2FCanada.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Drury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Office of the Governor General of Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=458">Order of Canada citation</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Drury&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=8581">Charles Drury – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=458">Order of Canada citation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/charles-mills-drury">Charles Mills Drury</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://generals.dk/general/Drury/Charles_Mills/Canada.html">Generals of World War II</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Unknown</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_minister_(Canada)" title="Deputy minister (Canada)">Deputy Minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Department of National Defence (Canada)">National Defence</a> </b><br />1949–1955 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Robert_Miller" title="Frank Robert Miller">Frank Robert Miller</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministers_of_Finance_of_Canada" title="Template talk:Ministers of Finance of Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers_of_Finance_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers of Finance of Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_finance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Canada)" title="Minister of Finance (Canada)">Ministers of finance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Tilloch_Galt" title="Alexander Tilloch Galt">Galt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Rose,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Rose, 1st Baronet">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hincks" title="Francis Hincks">Hincks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Leonard_Tilley" title="Samuel Leonard Tilley">Tilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Cartwright" title="Richard John Cartwright">Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Leonard_Tilley" title="Samuel Leonard Tilley">Tilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_McLelan" title="Archibald McLelan">McLelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eulas_Foster" title="George Eulas Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Bowell</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Acting)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eulas_Foster" title="George Eulas Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stevens_Fielding" title="William Stevens Fielding">Fielding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_White" title="William Thomas White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lumley_Drayton" title="Henry Lumley Drayton">Drayton</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Acting)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stevens_Fielding" title="William Stevens Fielding">Fielding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">Robb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">Robb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Avery_Dunning" title="Charles Avery Dunning">Dunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Nelson_Rhodes" title="Edgar Nelson Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Avery_Dunning" title="Charles Avery Dunning">Dunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ralston" title="James Ralston">Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lorimer_Ilsley" title="James Lorimer Ilsley">Ilsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Abbott" title="Douglas Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Edward_Harris" title="Walter Edward Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Fleming" title="Donald Fleming">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nowlan" title="George Nowlan">Nowlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_L._Gordon" title="Walter L. Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Sharp" title="Mitchell Sharp">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Benson" title="Edgar Benson">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Turner" title="John Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Drury</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Acting)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Stovel_Macdonald" title="Donald Stovel Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosbie" title="John Crosbie">Crosbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_MacEachen" title="Allan MacEachen">MacEachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Lalonde" title="Marc Lalonde">Lalonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Mazankowski" title="Don Mazankowski">Mazankowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Loiselle" title="Gilles Loiselle">Loiselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Manley" title="John Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Goodale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Flaherty" title="Jim Flaherty">Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Oliver_(politician)" title="Joe Oliver (politician)">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Morneau" title="Bill Morneau">Morneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Freeland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_defence" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Defence" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Defence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Defence" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Defence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Defence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Defence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_defence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">Ministers of defence</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Militia_and_Defence_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Militia and Defence (Canada)">Ministers of militia and defence</a> (1867–1923)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George-%C3%89tienne_Cartier" title="George-Étienne Cartier">Cartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector-Louis_Langevin" title="Hector-Louis Langevin">Langevin</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McDonald_(politician)" title="Hugh McDonald (politician)">McDonald </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ross_(Canadian_politician)" title="William Ross (Canadian politician)">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Berrian_Vail" title="William Berrian Vail">Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gilpin_Jones" title="Alfred Gilpin Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Rodrigue_Masson" title="Louis-Rodrigue Masson">Masson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(Canadian_senator)" title="Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe-Philippe_Caron" title="Adolphe-Philippe Caron">Caron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Colebrooke_Patterson" title="James Colebrooke Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rupert_Dickey" title="Arthur Rupert Dickey">Dickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Desjardins_(politician)" title="Alphonse Desjardins (politician)">Desjardins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Tisdale" title="David Tisdale">Tisdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Borden" title="Frederick William Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hughes" title="Sam Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Edward_Kemp" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Edward Kemp">Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Chilton_Mewburn" title="Sydney Chilton Mewburn">Mewburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_Calder" title="James Alexander Calder">Calder</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Guthrie" title="Hugh Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Perry_Graham" title="George Perry Graham">G. Graham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">Ministers of national defence</a> (1923–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Perry_Graham" title="George Perry Graham">G. Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Mortimer_Macdonald" title="Edward Mortimer Macdonald">E. Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Guthrie" title="Hugh Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">Robb</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ralston" title="James Ralston">Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Matheson_Sutherland" title="Donald Matheson Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grote_Stirling" title="Grote Stirling">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Alistair_Mackenzie" title="Ian Alistair Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_McLeod_Rogers" title="Norman McLeod Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Power" title="Charles Gavan Power">Power</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ralston" title="James Ralston">Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McNaughton" title="Andrew McNaughton">McNaughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Abbott" title="Douglas Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Claxton" title="Brooke Claxton">Claxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Campney" title="Ralph Campney">Campney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pearkes" title="George Pearkes">Pearkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harkness" title="Douglas Harkness">Harkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Churchill" title="Gordon Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hellyer" title="Paul Hellyer">Hellyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Cadieux" title="Léo Cadieux">Cadieux</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Drury</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Stovel_Macdonald" title="Donald Stovel Macdonald">D. Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Benson" title="Edgar Benson">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Eudes_Dub%C3%A9" title="Jean-Eudes Dubé">Dubé</a> (acting)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Drury</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Armstrong_Richardson" title="James Armstrong Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Danson" title="Barney Danson">Danson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_McKinnon" title="Allan McKinnon">McKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Lamontagne" title="Gilles Lamontagne">Lamontagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Blais" title="Jean-Jacques Blais">Blais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Coates_(politician)" title="Robert Coates (politician)">Coates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Nielsen" title="Erik Nielsen">Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin_Beatty" title="Perrin Beatty">Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_McKnight" title="Bill McKnight">McKnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Masse" title="Marcel Masse">Masse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Siddon" title="Tom Siddon">Siddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Collenette" title="David Collenette">Collenette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Young_(politician)" title="Doug Young (politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Eggleton" title="Art Eggleton">Eggleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCallum" title="John McCallum">McCallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pratt_(politician)" title="David Pratt (politician)">Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(Canadian_politician)" title="Bill Graham (Canadian politician)">B. Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_O%27Connor" title="Gordon O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">MacKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenney" title="Jason Kenney">Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Sajjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Blair_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Blair (politician)">Blair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate ministers of national defence (1953–2013, 2015–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Power" title="Charles Gavan Power">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Campney" title="Ralph Campney">Campney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hellyer" title="Paul Hellyer">Hellyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_S%C3%A9vigny_(politician)" title="Pierre Sévigny (politician)">Sévigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Cardin" title="Lucien Cardin">Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Cadieux" title="Léo Cadieux">Cadieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvie_Andre" title="Harvie Andre">Andre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dick" title="Paul Dick">Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Collins_(politician)" title="Mary Collins (politician)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albina_Guarnieri" title="Albina Guarnieri">Guarnieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauril_B%C3%A9langer" title="Mauril Bélanger">Bélanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fantino" title="Julian Fantino">Fantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Valcourt" title="Bernard Valcourt">Valcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry-Lynne_Findlay" title="Kerry-Lynne Findlay">Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fantino" title="Julian Fantino">Fantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Hehr" title="Kent Hehr">Hehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_O%27Regan" title="Seamus O'Regan">O'Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Wilson-Raybould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Sajjan</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">MacAulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginette_Petitpas_Taylor" title="Ginette Petitpas Taylor">Petitpas Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of the naval service (1910–22)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_Brodeur" title="Louis-Philippe Brodeur">Brodeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Lemieux" title="Rodolphe Lemieux">Lemieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Hazen" class="mw-redirect" title="John Douglas Hazen">Hazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ballantyne" title="Charles Ballantyne">Ballantyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Perry_Graham" title="George Perry Graham">G. Graham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World War I</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ministers of the overseas military forces (1916–20)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Halsey_Perley" title="George Halsey Perley">Perley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Edward_Kemp" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Edward Kemp">Kemp</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World War II</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_for_Air_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence for Air (Canada)">Ministers of national defence for air</a> (1940–46)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Power" title="Charles Gavan Power">Power</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angus_Lewis_Macdonald" title="Angus Lewis Macdonald">Macdonald</a> (acting)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Colin_W._G._Gibson" title="Colin W. G. Gibson">Gibson</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_for_Naval_Services_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence for Naval Services (Canada)">Ministers of national defence for naval services</a> (1940–46)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angus_Lewis_Macdonald" title="Angus Lewis Macdonald">Macdonald</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Abbott" title="Douglas Abbott">Abbott</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Ministers of national war services (1940–48)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Garfield_Gardiner" title="James Garfield Gardiner">Gardiner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Thorarinn_Thorson" title="Joseph Thorarinn Thorson">Thorson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Richer_Lafl%C3%A8che" title="Léo Richer Laflèche">Laflèche</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Joseph_McCann" title="James Joseph McCann">McCann</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Treasury_Board" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Presidents_of_the_Treasury_Board" title="Template:CA-Presidents of the Treasury Board"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Presidents_of_the_Treasury_Board" title="Template talk:CA-Presidents of the Treasury Board"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li 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href="/wiki/Don_Johnston" title="Don Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Gray" title="Herb Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Cotret" title="Robert de Cotret">Cotret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Mazankowski" title="Don Mazankowski">Mazankowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Carney" title="Pat Carney">Carney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Lewis_(politician)" title="Doug Lewis (politician)">Lewis</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Cotret" title="Robert de Cotret">Cotret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Loiselle" title="Gilles Loiselle">Loiselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Edwards_(Canadian_politician)" title="Jim Edwards (Canadian politician)">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Eggleton" title="Art Eggleton">Eggleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Mass%C3%A9" title="Marcel Massé">Massé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucienne_Robillard" title="Lucienne Robillard">Robillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reg_Alcock" title="Reg Alcock">Alcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baird_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Baird (Canadian politician)">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Toews" title="Vic Toews">Toews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Clement" title="Tony Clement">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brison" title="Scott Brison">Brison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Philpott" title="Jane Philpott">Philpott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Qualtrough" title="Carla Qualtrough">Qualtrough</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Murray" title="Joyce Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Duclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Fortier" title="Mona Fortier">Fortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_public_works" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Public_Works" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Public Works"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Public_Works" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Public Works"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Public_Works" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Public Works"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_public_works" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Works_(Canada)" title="Minister of Public Works (Canada)">Ministers of public works</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Works_(Canada)" title="Minister of Public Works (Canada)">Ministers of Public Works</a><br />(1867–1996)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_McDougall_(politician,_born_1822)" class="mw-redirect" title="William McDougall (politician, born 1822)">McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector-Louis_Langevin" title="Hector-Louis Langevin">Langevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(politician)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (politician)">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector-Louis_Langevin" title="Hector-Louis Langevin">Langevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Smith_(Canadian_politician)" title="Frank Smith (Canadian politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Aldric_Ouimet" title="Joseph-Aldric Ouimet">Ouimet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Desjardins_(politician)" title="Alphonse Desjardins (politician)">Desjardins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Isra%C3%ABl_Tarte" title="Joseph-Israël Tarte">Tarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sutherland_(Canadian_politician)" title="James Sutherland (Canadian politician)">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._S._Hyman" title="C. S. Hyman">Hyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pugsley" title="William Pugsley">Pugsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Debartzch_Monk" title="Frederick Debartzch Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rogers_(Manitoba_politician)" title="Robert Rogers (Manitoba politician)">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ballantyne" title="Charles Ballantyne">Ballantyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Broadstreet_Carvell" title="Frank Broadstreet Carvell">Carvell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dowsley_Reid" title="John Dowsley Reid">Reid</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sifton" title="Arthur Sifton">Sifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dowsley_Reid" title="John Dowsley Reid">Reid</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleming_Blanchard_McCurdy" title="Fleming Blanchard McCurdy">McCurdy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewitt_Bostock" title="Hewitt Bostock">Bostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Horace_King" title="James Horace King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Halsey_Perley" title="George Halsey Perley">Perley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Baird_Ryckman" title="Edmond Baird Ryckman">Ryckman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_Elliott" title="John Campbell Elliott">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Alexander_Stewart" title="Hugh Alexander Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cardin" title="Arthur Cardin">P. Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Enoil_Michaud" title="Joseph-Enoil Michaud">Michaud</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Fournier" title="Alphonse Fournier">Fournier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Edward_Harris" title="Walter Edward Harris">Harris</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Winters" title="Robert Winters">Winters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Charles_Green" title="Howard Charles Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_James_Walker" title="David James Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Charles_Green" title="Howard Charles Green">Green</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davie_Fulton" title="Davie Fulton">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Deschatelets" title="Jean-Paul Deschatelets">Deschatelets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Cardin" title="Lucien Cardin">L. Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McIlraith" title="George McIlraith">McIlraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laing" title="Arthur Laing">Laing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Eudes_Dub%C3%A9" title="Jean-Eudes Dubé">Dubé</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judd_Buchanan" title="Judd Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ouellet" title="André Ouellet">Ouellet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Nielsen" title="Erik Nielsen">Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cosgrove" title="Paul Cosgrove">Cosgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_LeBlanc" title="Roméo LeBlanc">LeBlanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lapointe" title="Charles Lapointe">Lapointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roch_La_Salle" title="Roch La Salle">La Salle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_McInnes" title="Stewart McInnes">McInnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Jelinek" title="Otto Jelinek">Jelinek</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_MacKay" title="Elmer MacKay">MacKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dick" title="Paul Dick">Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dingwall" title="David Dingwall">Dingwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Marleau" title="Diane Marleau">Marleau</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Services_and_Procurement" title="Minister of Public Services and Procurement">Minister of Public Works and Government Services</a><br />(1996–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Marleau" title="Diane Marleau">Marleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Gagliano" title="Alfonso Gagliano">Gagliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Boudria" title="Don Boudria">Boudria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Goodale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Owen_(politician)" title="Stephen Owen (politician)">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brison" title="Scott Brison">Brison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fortier" title="Michael Fortier">Fortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Paradis" title="Christian Paradis">Paradis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Finley" title="Diane Finley">Finley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Services_and_Procurement" title="Minister of Public Services and Procurement">Minister of Public Services and Procurement</a><br />(2015–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Foote" title="Judy Foote">Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Qualtrough" title="Carla Qualtrough">Qualtrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filomena_Tassi" title="Filomena Tassi">Tassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Jaczek" title="Helena Jaczek">Jaczek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Jean-Yves Duclos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup>As part of substantial governmental reorganization, the position was merged with that of the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Supply_and_Services_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Supply and Services (Canada)">Minister of Supply and Services</a> to create the position of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Works_and_Government_Services_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Public Works and Government Services (Canada)">Minister of Public Works and Government Services</a> on July 12, 1995.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_international_trade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_for_International_Trade" title="Template:CA-Ministers for International Trade"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_for_International_Trade" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers for International Trade"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_for_International_Trade" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers for International Trade"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_international_trade" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_International_Trade_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of International Trade (Canada)">Ministers of international trade</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Trade and Commerce (1892–1969)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Mackenzie Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bullock_Ives" title="William Bullock Ives">William Bullock Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costigan" title="John Costigan">John Costigan</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bullock_Ives" title="William Bullock Ives">William Bullock Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Cartwright" title="Richard John Cartwright">Richard John Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eulas_Foster" title="George Eulas Foster">George Eulas Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Henry Herbert Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">James Alexander Robb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Andrew_Low" title="Thomas Andrew Low">Thomas Andrew Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">James Alexander Robb</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Henry Herbert Stevens</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dew_Chaplin" title="James Dew Chaplin">James Dew Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Malcolm_(politician)" title="James Malcolm (politician)">James Malcolm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Henry Herbert Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hanson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Richard Hanson (Canadian politician)">Richard Burpee Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Daum_Euler" title="William Daum Euler">William Daum Euler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Angus_MacKinnon" title="James Angus MacKinnon">James Angus MacKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Howe" title="C. D. Howe">Clarence Decatur Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Churchill" title="Gordon Churchill">Gordon Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hees" title="George Hees">George Harris Hees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Wallace_McCutcheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm Wallace McCutcheon">Malcolm Wallace McCutcheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Sharp" title="Mitchell Sharp">Mitchell William Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Winters" title="Robert Winters">Robert Henry Winters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a> (acting)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Mills Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Industry (1963–69)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Mills Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Industry, Trade and Commerce (1969–83)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastair_Gillespie" title="Alastair Gillespie">Alastair William Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Jamieson_(politician)" title="Don Jamieson (politician)">Donald Campbell Jamieson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Horner_(politician)" title="Jack Horner (politician)">John Henry Horner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Cotret" title="Robert de Cotret">Robert de Cotret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Gray" title="Herb Gray">Herbert Eser Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Lumley" title="Ed Lumley">Edward Lumley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of State for International Trade (1979–80)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)">Michael Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of State (Trade) (1980–82)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Lumley" title="Ed Lumley">Edward Lumley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of State (International Trade) (1982–83)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Lumley" title="Ed Lumley">Edward Lumley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Regan" title="Gerald Regan">Gerald Regan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of International Trade (1983–2018)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Regan" title="Gerald Regan">Gerald Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Fox" title="Francis Fox">Francis Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kelleher" title="James Kelleher">James Francis Kelleher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Carney" title="Pat Carney">Patricia Carney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosbie" title="John Crosbie">John Carnell Crosbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)">Michael Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hockin" title="Tom Hockin">Thomas Hockin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_MacLaren_(politician)" title="Roy MacLaren (politician)">Roy MacLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Eggleton" title="Art Eggleton">Art Eggleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Marchi_(politician)" title="Sergio Marchi (politician)">Sergio Marchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pettigrew" title="Pierre Pettigrew">Pierre Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Peterson" title="Jim Peterson">Jim Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Emerson" title="David Emerson">David Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fortier" title="Michael Fortier">Michael Fortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Fast" title="Ed Fast">Ed Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Philippe_Champagne" title="François-Philippe Champagne">François-Philippe Champagne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of International Trade Diversification (2018–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Carr" title="Jim Carr">Jim Carr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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