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lining applied RC segment</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: secondary lining applied RC segment"> <meta name="keywords" content="secondary lining applied RC segment"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research 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method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="secondary lining applied RC segment"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 11715</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: secondary lining applied RC segment</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11715</span> A Numerical Investigation of Segmental Lining Joints Interactions in Tunnels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Ahmadi">M. H. Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mortazavi"> A. Mortazavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Zarei"> H. Zarei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several authors have described the main mechanism of formation of cracks in the segment lining during the construction of tunnels with tunnel boring machines. A comprehensive analysis of segmental lining joints may help to guarantee a safe construction during Tunneling and serviceable stages. The most frequent types of segment damage are caused by a condition of uneven segment matching due to contact deficiencies. This paper investigated the interaction mechanism of precast concrete lining joints in tunnels. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) was used to analyze a typical segmental lining model consisting of six segment rings. In the analyses, typical segmental lining design parameters of the Ghomrood water conveyance tunnel, Iran were employed in the study. In the conducted analysis, the worst-case scenario of loading faced during the boring of Ghomrood tunnel was considered. This was associated with the existence of a crushed zone dipping at 75 degree at the location of the key segment. In the analysis, moreover, the effect of changes in horizontal stress ratio on the loads on the segment was assessed. The boundary condition associated with K (ratio of the horizontal to the vertical stress) values of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 were applied to the model and separate analysis was conducted for each case. Important parameters such as stress, moments, and displacements were measured at joint locations and the surrounding rock. Accordingly, the segment joint interactions were assessed and analyzed. Moreover, rock mass properties of the Ghomrood in Ghom were adopted. In this study, the load acting on segments joints are included a crushed zone stratum force that intersect tunnel with 75 slopes in the location of the key segment, gravity force of segments and earth pressures. A numerical investigation was used for different coefficients of stress concentration of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and different geological conditions of saturated crushed zone under the critical scenario. The numerical results also demonstrate that maximum bending moments in longitudinal joints occurred for crushed zone with the weaken strengths (Sandstone). Besides that, increasing the load in segment-stratum interfaces affected radial stress in longitudinal joints and finally the opening of joints occurred. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint" title="joint">joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface" title=" interface"> interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segment" title=" segment"> segment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact" title=" contact"> contact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38469/a-numerical-investigation-of-segmental-lining-joints-interactions-in-tunnels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11714</span> Non-Destructive Inspection for Tunnel Lining Concrete with Small Void by Using Ultrasonic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasuyuki%20Nabeshima">Yasuyuki Nabeshima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many tunnels which have been constructed since more than 50 years were existing in Japan. Lining concrete in these tunnels have many problems such as crack, flacking and void. Inner void between lining concrete and rock was very hard to find by outside visual check and hammering test. In this paper, non-destructive inspection by using ultrasonic was applied to investigate inner void. A model concrete with inner void was used as specimen and ultrasonic inspection was applied to specify the location and the size of void. As a result, ultrasonic inspection could accurately find the inner void. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel" title="tunnel">tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lining%20concrete" title=" lining concrete"> lining concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=void" title=" void"> void</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destructive%20inspection" title=" non-destructive inspection"> non-destructive inspection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic" title=" ultrasonic"> ultrasonic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74615/non-destructive-inspection-for-tunnel-lining-concrete-with-small-void-by-using-ultrasonic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11713</span> Modelling of Damage as Hinges in Segmented Tunnels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gelacio%20Ju%C3%A1Rez-Luna">Gelacio JuáRez-Luna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Enrique%20Gonz%C3%A1Lez-Ram%C3%ADRez"> Daniel Enrique GonzáLez-RamíRez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enrique%20Tenorio-Montero"> Enrique Tenorio-Montero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Frame elements coupled with springs elements are used for modelling the development of hinges in segmented tunnels, the spring elements modelled the rotational, transversal and axial failure. These spring elements are equipped with constitutive models to include independently the moment, shear force and axial force, respectively. These constitutive models are formulated based on damage mechanics and experimental test reported in the literature review. The mesh of the segmented tunnels was discretized in the software GID, and the nonlinear analyses were carried out in the finite element software ANSYS. These analyses provide the capacity curve of the primary and secondary lining of a segmented tunnel. Two numerical examples of segmented tunnels show the capability of the spring elements to release energy by the development of hinges. The first example is a segmental concrete lining discretized with frame elements loaded until hinges occurred in the lining. The second example is a tunnel with primary and secondary lining, discretized with a double ring frame model. The outer ring simulates the segmental concrete lining and the inner ring simulates the secondary cast-in-place concrete lining. Spring elements also modelled the joints between the segments in the circumferential direction and the ring joints, which connect parallel adjacent rings. The computed load vs displacement curves are congruent with numerical and experimental results reported in the literature review. It is shown that the modelling of a tunnel with primary and secondary lining with frame elements and springs provides reasonable results and save computational cost, comparing with 2D or 3D models equipped with smeared crack models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title="damage">damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hinges" title=" hinges"> hinges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lining" title=" lining"> lining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel" title=" tunnel"> tunnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56714/modelling-of-damage-as-hinges-in-segmented-tunnels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11712</span> Study of the Effect of Seismic Behavior of Twin Tunnels Position on Each Other</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Azadi">M. Azadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kalhor"> M. Kalhor </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Excavation of shallow tunnels such as subways in urban areas plays a significant role as a life line and investigation of the soil behavior against tunnel construction is one of the vital subjects studied in the geotechnical scope. Nowadays, urban tunnels are mostly drilled by T.B.Ms and changing the applied forces to tunnel lining is one of the most risky matters while drilling tunnels by these machines. Variation of soil cementation can change the behavior of these forces in the tunnel lining. Therefore, this article is designed to assess the impact of tunnel excavation in different soils and several amounts of cementation on applied loads to tunnel lining under static and dynamic loads. According to the obtained results, changing the cementation of soil will affect the applied loadings to the tunnel envelope significantly. It can be determined that axial force in tunnel lining decreases considerably when soil cementation increases. Also, bending moment and shear force in tunnel lining decreases as the soil cementation increases and causes bending and shear behavior of the segments to improve. Based on the dynamic analyses, as cohesion factor in soil increases, bending moment, axial and shear forces of segments decrease but lining behavior of the tunnel is the same as static state. The results show that decreasing the overburden applied to lining caused by cementation is different in two static and dynamic states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20behavior" title="seismic behavior">seismic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twin%20tunnels" title=" twin tunnels"> twin tunnels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel%20positions" title=" tunnel positions"> tunnel positions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TBM" title=" TBM"> TBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20distance" title=" optimum distance"> optimum distance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5228/study-of-the-effect-of-seismic-behavior-of-twin-tunnels-position-on-each-other" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11711</span> Ground-Structure Interaction Analysis of Aged Tunnels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behrang%20Dadfar">Behrang Dadfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Bidhendi"> Hossein Bidhendi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimmy%20Susetyo"> Jimmy Susetyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Paul%20Abbatangelo"> John Paul Abbatangelo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Finding structural demand under various conditions that a structure may experience during its service life is an important step towards structural life-cycle analysis. In this paper, structural demand for the precast concrete tunnel lining (PCTL) segments of Toronto’s 60-year-old subway tunnels is investigated. Numerical modelling was conducted using FLAC3D, a finite difference-based software capable of simulating ground-structure interaction and ground material’s flow in three dimensions. The specific structural details of the segmental tunnel lining, such as the convex shape of the PCTL segments at radial joints and the PCTL segment pockets, were considered in the numerical modelling. Also, the model was developed in a way to accommodate the flexibility required for the simulation of various deterioration scenarios, shapes, and patterns that have been observed over more than 20 years. The soil behavior was simulated by using plastic-hardening constitutive model of FLAC3D. The effect of the depth of the tunnel, the coefficient of lateral earth pressure as well as the patterns of deterioration of the segments were studied. The structural capacity under various deterioration patterns and the existing loading conditions was evaluated using axial-flexural interaction curves that were developed for each deterioration pattern. The results were used to provide recommendations for the next phase of tunnel lining rehabilitation program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precast%20concrete%20tunnel%20lining" title="precast concrete tunnel lining">precast concrete tunnel lining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground-structure%20interaction" title=" ground-structure interaction"> ground-structure interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modelling" title=" numerical modelling"> numerical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterioration" title=" deterioration"> deterioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnels" title=" tunnels"> tunnels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144339/ground-structure-interaction-analysis-of-aged-tunnels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11710</span> Sewer Culvert Installation Method to Accommodate Underground Construction in an Urban Area with Narrow Streets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osamu%20Igawa">Osamu Igawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Kouchiwa"> Hiroshi Kouchiwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Ito"> Yuji Ito</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, a reconstruction project for sewer pipelines has been progressing in Japan with the aim of renewing old sewer culverts. However, it is difficult to secure a sufficient base area for shafts in an urban area because many streets are narrow with a complex layout. As a result, construction in such urban areas is generally very demanding. In urban areas, there is a strong requirement for a safe, reliable and economical construction method that does not disturb the public’s daily life and urban activities. With this in mind, we developed a new construction method called the 'shield switching type micro-tunneling method' which integrates the micro-tunneling method and shield method. In this method, pipeline is constructed first for sections that are gently curved or straight using the economical micro-tunneling method, and then the method is switched to the shield method for sections with a sharp curve or a series of curves without establishing an intermediate shaft. This paper provides the information, features and construction examples of this newly developed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-tunneling%20method" title="micro-tunneling method">micro-tunneling method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20lining%20applied%20RC%20segment" title=" secondary lining applied RC segment"> secondary lining applied RC segment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharp%20curve" title=" sharp curve"> sharp curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shield%20method" title=" shield method"> shield method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20type" title=" switching type"> switching type</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4418/sewer-culvert-installation-method-to-accommodate-underground-construction-in-an-urban-area-with-narrow-streets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11709</span> Acid Injection PTFE Internal Lining in Raw Water System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fikri%20Suwaileh">Fikri Suwaileh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the reverse osmosis (RO) water treatment plant, operation was suffering from several leaks on the acid injection point spool and downstream spools, due to insufficient injection monitoring and the coating failure leading to pin holes. The paper will go over the background of the leaks in the acid injection point, the process in the RO plant, the material, and coating used in the existing spools, the impact of these repeated leaks, the type of damage mechanism that occurred in the system due to the manner of acid injection and the heat in the spools, which lead to coating failure, leaks and water release. This paper will also look at the analysis, both the short- and long-term recommendations, and the utilization of Teflon internal lining to stop the leaks. Sharing this case study will enhance the knowledge of the importance of taking all factors that will lead to leaks in the acid injection points, along with the importance of utilizing the appropriate coating material lining to enhance the full system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title="corrosion">corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title=" coating"> coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raw%20water" title=" raw water"> raw water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lining" title=" lining"> lining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191947/acid-injection-ptfe-internal-lining-in-raw-water-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11708</span> Parametric Study for Obtaining the Structural Response of Segmental Tunnels in Soft Soil by Using No-Linear Numerical Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arturo%20Galv%C3%A1n">Arturo Galván</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jatziri%20Y.%20Moreno-Mart%C3%ADnez"> Jatziri Y. Moreno-Martínez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Israel%20Enrique%20Herrera%20D%C3%ADaz"> Israel Enrique Herrera Díaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Ram%C3%B3n%20Gasca%20Tirado"> José Ramón Gasca Tirado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, one of the methods most used for the construction of tunnels in soft soil is the shield-driven tunneling. The advantage of this construction technique is that it allows excavating the tunnel while at the same time a primary lining is placed, which consists of precast segments. There are joints between segments, also called longitudinal joints, and joints between rings (called as circumferential joints). This is the reason because of this type of constructions cannot be considered as a continuous structure. The effect of these joints influences in the rigidity of the segmental lining and therefore in its structural response. A parametric study was performed to take into account the effect of different parameters in the structural response of typical segmental tunnels built in soft soil by using non-linear numerical models based on Finite Element Method by means of the software package ANSYS v. 11.0. In the first part of this study, two types of numerical models were performed. In the first one, the segments were modeled by using beam elements based on Timoshenko beam theory whilst the segment joints were modeled by using inelastic rotational springs considering the constitutive moment-rotation relation proposed by Gladwell. In this way, the mechanical behavior of longitudinal joints was simulated. On the other hand for simulating the mechanical behavior of circumferential joints elastic springs were considered. As well as, the stability given by the soil was modeled by means of elastic-linear springs. In the second type of models, the segments were modeled by means of three-dimensional solid elements and the joints with contact elements. In these models, the zone of the joints is modeled as a discontinuous (increasing the computational effort) therefore a discrete model is obtained. With these contact elements the mechanical behavior of joints is simulated considering that when the joint is closed, there is transmission of compressive and shear stresses but not of tensile stresses and when the joint is opened, there is no transmission of stresses. This type of models can detect changes in the geometry because of the relative movement of the elements that form the joints. A comparison between the numerical results with two types of models was carried out. In this way, the hypothesis considered in the simplified models were validated. In addition, the numerical models were calibrated with (Lab-based) experimental results obtained from the literature of a typical tunnel built in Europe. In the second part of this work, a parametric study was performed by using the simplified models due to less used computational effort compared to complex models. In the parametric study, the effect of material properties, the geometry of the tunnel, the arrangement of the longitudinal joints and the coupling of the rings were studied. Finally, it was concluded that the mechanical behavior of segment and ring joints and the arrangement of the segment joints affect the global behavior of the lining. As well as, the effect of the coupling between rings modifies the structural capacity of the lining. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20models" title="numerical models">numerical models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20study" title=" parametric study"> parametric study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmental%20tunnels" title=" segmental tunnels"> segmental tunnels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20response" title=" structural response"> structural response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43376/parametric-study-for-obtaining-the-structural-response-of-segmental-tunnels-in-soft-soil-by-using-no-linear-numerical-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11707</span> 3D Numerical Analysis of Stone Columns Reinforced with Horizontal and Vertical Geosynthetic Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ziaie%20Moayed">R. Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khalili"> A. Khalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Improvement and reinforcement of soils with poor strength and engineering properties for constructing low height structures or structures such as liquid storage tanks, bridge columns, and heavy structures have necessitated applying particular techniques. Stone columns are among the well-known methods applied in such soils. This method provides an economically justified way for improving engineering properties of soft clay and loose sandy soils. Stone column implementation in these soils increases their bearing capacity and reduces the settlement of foundation build on them. In the present study, the finite difference based FLAC3D software was used to investigate the performance and effect of soil reinforcement through stone columns without lining and those with geosynthetic lining with different levels of stiffness in horizontal and vertical modes in clayey soils. The results showed that soil improvement using stone columns with lining in vertical and horizontal modes results in improvement of bearing capacity and foundation settlement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title="bearing capacity">bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLAC3D" title=" FLAC3D"> FLAC3D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geosynthetic" title=" geosynthetic"> geosynthetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20column" title=" stone column"> stone column</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79453/3d-numerical-analysis-of-stone-columns-reinforced-with-horizontal-and-vertical-geosynthetic-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11706</span> Epididymis in the Agouti (Dasyprocta azarae): Light Microscope Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20C.%20Schimming">Bruno C. Schimming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leandro%20L.%20Martins"> Leandro L. Martins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patr%C3%ADCia%20F.%20F.%20Pinheiro"> PatríCia F. F. Pinheiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raquel%20F.%20%20Domeniconi"> Raquel F. Domeniconi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabr%C3%ADCio%20S.%20%20Oliveira"> FabríCio S. Oliveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The agouti is a wildlife rodent that can be used as an alternative source of animal protein and this species has been raised in captivity in Brazil with the aim of providing meat. Thus, the knowledge of their reproductive biology and morphology of the reproductive organs is important. The objective of this study was to describe the morphology of epididymis in the Azara’s agouti, by light microscopy. Samples of epididymis were obtained from five adult Azara’s agouti (Dasyprocta azarae) during castration surgery performed at the Municipal Zoo of Catanduva, Brazil. Fragments of the epididymal regions (initial segment, caput, corpus and cauda) were collected. The biological samples were immediately fixed in paraformaldehyde for 24 hours, followed by histologic procedures comprising embedding in ParaplastTM (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), sections of 5 µm, and staining with HE and Masson’s trichrome. The epididymis was a highly convoluted tubule that links the testis to the vas deferens. The epithelium lining was pseudostratified columnar surrounded by a periductal stroma. The epithelium contains several cell types: principal, basal, apical, clear, and hallo cells. Principal cells were the most abundant cell type. There were observed also migratory cells named halo cells. The caput epididymis was divided into two different regions: initial segment and caput. The initial segment has a very wide lumen, a high epithelium with conspicuous microvilli and the lumen was wide with exfoliated material. The other region of the caput epididymis, showed a lower epithelium when compared with the initial segment, large amounts of spermatozoa in the lumen, and a cytoplasmic vacuolization. This region presented many narrows cells. Many spermatozoa appeared in the lumen of corpus epididymis. The cauda region had a lower epithelium than the other epididymal regions in the agouti. The cauda epithelium presented plicae protruding into the lumen. Large amounts of spermatozoa are also present in the lumen. Small microvilli uniformly arranged so as to form a kind of “brush border” are observed on the apical surface of the cauda epithelium. The pattern of the epithelium lining the duct of the agouti epididymis does not differ greatly from that reported to other mammals, such as domestic and wildlife animals. These findings can cooperate with future investigations especially those related to rational exploration of these animals. All experimental procedures were approved by the institutional ethics committee (CEUA 796/2015). This study was supported by FAPESP (Grants 2015/23822-1). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wildlife" title="wildlife">wildlife</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testis%20excurrent%20ducts" title=" testis excurrent ducts"> testis excurrent ducts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epididymis" title=" epididymis"> epididymis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59605/epididymis-in-the-agouti-dasyprocta-azarae-light-microscope-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11705</span> Dynamic Analysis of Double Deck Tunnel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20W.%20Kwak">C. W. Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20J.%20Park"> I. J. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20I.%20Jang"> D. I. Jang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The importance of cost-wise effective application and construction is getting increase due to the surge of traffic volume in the metropolitan cities. Accordingly, the necessity of the tunnel has large section becomes more critical. Double deck tunnel can be one of the most appropriate solutions to the necessity. The dynamic stability of double deck tunnel is essential against seismic load since it has large section and connection between perimeter lining and interim slab. In this study, 3-dimensional dynamic numerical analysis was conducted based on the Finite Difference Method to investigate the seismic behavior of double deck tunnel. Seismic joint for dynamic stability and the mitigation of seismic impact on the lining was considered in the modeling and analysis. Consequently, the mitigation of acceleration, lining displacement and stress were verified successfully. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20deck%20tunnel" title="double deck tunnel">double deck tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interim%20slab" title=" interim slab"> interim slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-dimensional%20dynamic%20numerical%20analysis" title=" 3-dimensional dynamic numerical analysis"> 3-dimensional dynamic numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20joint" title=" seismic joint "> seismic joint </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33999/dynamic-analysis-of-double-deck-tunnel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11704</span> An Empirical Study Comparing Industry Segments as Regards Organisation Management in Open Innovation - Based on a Questionnaire of the Pharmaceutical Industry and IT Component Industry Segment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fumihiko%20Isada">Fumihiko Isada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuriko%20Isada"> Yuriko Isada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this research is to clarify the difference by industry segment or product characteristics as regards organisation management for an open innovation to raise R&D performance. In particular, the trait of the pharmaceutical industry is defined in comparison with IT component industry segment. In considering open innovation, both inter-organisational relation and the management in an organisation are important issues. As methodology, a questionnaire was conducted. In conclusion, suitable organisation management according to the difference in industry segment or product characteristics became clear. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20study" title="empirical study">empirical study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%20segment" title=" industry segment"> industry segment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20innovation" title=" open innovation"> open innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product-development%20organisation%20pattern" title=" product-development organisation pattern "> product-development organisation pattern </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34117/an-empirical-study-comparing-industry-segments-as-regards-organisation-management-in-open-innovation-based-on-a-questionnaire-of-the-pharmaceutical-industry-and-it-component-industry-segment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11703</span> Utilization of Treated Spend Pot Lining by Product from the Primary Aluminum Production in Cement and Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hang%20Tran">Hang Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Brial"> Victor Brial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luca%20Sorelli"> Luca Sorelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudiane%20Ouellet-Plamondon"> Claudiane Ouellet-Plamondon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Conciatori"> David Conciatori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurent%20Birry"> Laurent Birry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spend pot lining (SPL) is a by-product generated from primary aluminum production. SPL consists of two parts, the first cut is rich in carbonaceous materials, and the second cut is rich in aluminum and silicon oxides. After treating by the hydrometallurgical Low Caustic Leaching and Liming process, the refractory part of SPL becomes an inert material, called LCLL ash in this project. LCLL ash was calcined at different temperatures (800 and 1000°C) and Calcined LCLL ash ground as fines of cement and replacement a part of cement in concrete production. The effect of LCLL ash on the chemical properties, mechanical properties and fresh behavior of concrete was evaluated by isothermal calorimetry, compressive test, and slump test. These results were compared to the reference mixture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spend%20pot%20lining" title="spend pot lining">spend pot lining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calorimetry" title=" calorimetry"> calorimetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141690/utilization-of-treated-spend-pot-lining-by-product-from-the-primary-aluminum-production-in-cement-and-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11702</span> Analysis of the Spatial Distribution of Public Girls’ and Boys’ Secondary Schools in Riyadh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Marshad%20Alzeer">Nasser Marshad Alzeer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the spatial distribution of secondary schools in Riyadh. It considers both public girls and boys sector provision and assesses the efficiency of the spatial distribution of secondary schools. Since the establishment of the Ministry of Education (MOE) in 1953 and General Presidency for Female Education, (GPFE) in 1960, there has been a great expansion of education services in Saudi Arabia, particularly during the 1980s. However, recent years have seen much slower rates of increase in the public education sector but the population continues to grow rapidly. This study investigates the spatial distribution of schools through the use of questionnaire surveys and applied GIS. Overall, the results indicate a shortage of public secondary schools, especially in the north of the city. It is clear that there is overcrowding in the majority of secondary schools. The establishment of new schools has been suggested to solve the problem of overcrowding. A number of socio-economic and demographic factors are associated with differences in the utilization of the public secondary schools. A GIS was applied in this study in order to assess the spatial distribution of secondary schools including the modification of existing catchment area boundaries and locating new schools. This modification could also reduce the pupil pressure on certain schools and further benefits could probably be gained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title="analysis">analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution" title=" distribution"> distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi" title=" Saudi"> Saudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schools" title=" schools "> schools </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23938/analysis-of-the-spatial-distribution-of-public-girls-and-boys-secondary-schools-in-riyadh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11701</span> Quality Evaluation of Backfill Grout in Tunnel Boring Machine Tail Void Using Impact-Echo (IE): Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) Numerical Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Young%20Choi">Ju-Young Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Il%20Song"> Ki-Il Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoung-Yul%20Kim"> Kyoung-Yul Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) tunnel excavation, backfill grout should be injected after the installation of segment lining to ensure the stability of the tunnel and to minimize ground deformation. If grouting is not sufficient to fill the gap between the segments and rock mass, hydraulic pressures occur in the void, which can negatively influence the stability of the tunnel. Recently the tendency to use TBM tunnelling method to replace the drill and blast(NATM) method is increasing. However, there are only a few studies of evaluation of backfill grout. This study evaluates the TBM tunnel backfill state using Impact-Echo(IE). 3-layers, segment-grout-rock mass, are simulated by FLAC 2D, FDM-based software. The signals obtained from numerical analysis and IE test are analyzed by Short-Time Fourier Transform(STFT) in time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain. The result of this study can be used to evaluate the quality of backfill grouting in tail void. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel%20boring%20machine" title="tunnel boring machine">tunnel boring machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backfill%20grout" title=" backfill grout"> backfill grout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact-echo%20method" title=" impact-echo method"> impact-echo method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-frequency%20domain%20analysis" title=" time-frequency domain analysis"> time-frequency domain analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference%20method" title=" finite difference method"> finite difference method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53362/quality-evaluation-of-backfill-grout-in-tunnel-boring-machine-tail-void-using-impact-echo-ie-short-time-fourier-transform-stft-numerical-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11700</span> Investigation of Bird Impact on Tailplane</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Hedayati">Reza Hedayati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meysam%20Jahanbakhshi"> Meysam Jahanbakhshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The typical airplane stabilizer structures consist of two main similar segments (outer and inner parts), one of them a little larger than the other. In this study, bird impact on four different spots of the stabilizer structure: (a) between two ribs of smaller segment, (b) between two ribs of larger segment, (c) on the rib connecting the two segments, and (d) on a middle rib of the smaller segment, is investigated and their results are compared by means of energy absorption, displacement, and bird’s mass diagrams as well as visible damage induced on the stabilizer structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airplane" title="airplane">airplane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bird%20strike" title=" bird strike"> bird strike</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LS-DYNA" title=" LS-DYNA"> LS-DYNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilizer" title=" stabilizer "> stabilizer </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23915/investigation-of-bird-impact-on-tailplane" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11699</span> Analysis Customer Loyalty Characteristic and Segmentation Analysis in Mobile Phone Category in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Robert">A. B. Robert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Pramadia"> Adam Pramadia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Calvin%20Andika"> Calvin Andika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this study is to explore consumer loyalty characteristic of mobile phone category in Indonesia. Second, this research attempts to identify consumer segment and to explore their profile in each segment as the basis of marketing strategy formulation. This study used some tools of multivariate analysis such as discriminant analysis and cluster analysis. Discriminate analysis used to discriminate consumer loyal and not loyal by using particular variables. Cluster analysis used to reveal various segment in mobile phone category. In addition to having better customer understanding in each segment, this study used descriptive analysis and cross tab analysis in each segment defined by cluster analysis. This study expected several findings. First, consumer can be divided into two large group of loyal versus not loyal by set of variables. Second, this study identifies customer segment in mobile phone category. Third, exploring customer profile in each segment that has been identified. This study answer a call for additional empirical research into different product categories. Therefore, a replication research is advisable. By knowing the customer loyalty characteristic, and deep analysis of their consumption behavior and profile for each segment, this study is very advisable for high impact marketing strategy development. This study contributes body of knowledge by adding empirical study of consumer loyalty, segmentation analysis in mobile phone category by multiple brand analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20loyalty" title="customer loyalty">customer loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title=" segmentation"> segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing%20strategy" title=" marketing strategy"> marketing strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discriminant%20analysis" title=" discriminant analysis"> discriminant analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20analysis" title=" cluster analysis"> cluster analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20phone" title=" mobile phone"> mobile phone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18609/analysis-customer-loyalty-characteristic-and-segmentation-analysis-in-mobile-phone-category-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">596</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11698</span> Dry Matter, Moisture, Ash and Crude Fibre Content in Distinct Segments of ‘Durian Kampung’ Husk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhanim%20Nordin">Norhanim Nordin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosnah%20Shamsudin"> Rosnah Shamsudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azrina%20Azlan"> Azrina Azlan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Effendy%20Ya%E2%80%99acob"> Mohammad Effendy Ya’acob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An environmental friendly approach for disposal of voluminous durian husk waste could be implemented by substituting them into various valuable commodities, such as healthcare and biofuel products. Thus, the study of composition value in each segment of durian husk was very crucial to determine the suitable proportions of nutrients that need to be added and mixed in the product. A total of 12 ‘Durian Kampung’ fruits from Sg Ruan, Pahang were selected and each fruit husk was divided into four segments and labelled as P-L (thin neck area of white inner husk), P-B (thick bottom area of white inner husk), H (green and thorny outer husk) and W (whole combination of P-B and H). Four experiments have been carried out to determine the dry matter, moisture, ash and crude fibre content. The results show that the H segment has the highest dry matter content (30.47%), while the P-B segment has the highest percentage in moisture (81.83%) and ash (6.95%) content. It was calculated that the ash content of the P-B segment has a higher rate of moisture level which causes the ash content to increase about 2.89% from the P-L segment. These data have proven that each segment of durian husk has a significant difference in terms of composition value, which might be useful information to fully utilize every part of the durian husk in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durian%20husk" title="durian husk">durian husk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20fibre%20content" title=" crude fibre content"> crude fibre content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20matter%20content" title=" dry matter content"> dry matter content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74287/dry-matter-moisture-ash-and-crude-fibre-content-in-distinct-segments-of-durian-kampung-husk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11697</span> 50+ Customers' Behavior in the Financial Market of the Czech Republic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Matu%C5%A1%C3%ADnsk%C3%A1">K. Matušínská</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Starzyczn%C3%A1"> H. Starzyczná</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Stoklasa"> M. Stoklasa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with behaviour of the segment 50+ in the financial market in the Czech Republic. This segment could be said as the strong market power and it can be a crucial business potential for financial business units. The main defined objective of this paper is analysis of the customers´ behaviour of the segment 50-60 years in the financial market in the Czech Republic and proposal making of the suitable marketing approach to satisfy their demands in the area of product, price, distribution and marketing communication policy. This paper is based on data from one part of primary marketing research. Paper determinates the basic problem areas as well as definition of financial services marketing, defining the primary research problem, hypothesis and primary research methodology. Finally suitable marketing approach to selected sub-segment at age of 50-60 years is proposed according to marketing research findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20aging%20in%20the%20Czech%20Republic" title="population aging in the Czech Republic">population aging in the Czech Republic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segment%2050-60%20years" title=" segment 50-60 years"> segment 50-60 years</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20services%20marketing" title=" financial services marketing"> financial services marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing%20research" title=" marketing research"> marketing research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing%20approach" title=" marketing approach"> marketing approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6497/50-customers-behavior-in-the-financial-market-of-the-czech-republic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11696</span> Effective Communication with the Czech Customers 50+ in the Financial Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Matu%C5%A1%C3%ADnsk%C3%A1">K. Matušínská</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Starzyczn%C3%A1"> H. Starzyczná</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Stoklasa"> M. Stoklasa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with finding and describing of the effective marketing communication forms relating to the segment 50+ in the financial market in the Czech Republic. The segment 50+ can be seen as a great marketing potential in the future but unfortunately the Czech financial institutions haven´t still reacted enough to this fact and they haven´t prepared appropriate marketing programs for this customers´ segment. Demographic aging is a fundamental characteristic of the current European population evolution but the perspective of further population aging is more noticeable in the Czech Republic. This paper is based on data from one part of primary marketing research. Paper determinates the basic problem areas as well as definition of marketing communication in the financial market, defining the primary research problem, hypothesis and primary research methodology. Finally suitable marketing communication approach to selected sub-segment at age of 50-60 years is proposed according to marketing research findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20aging%20in%20the%20Czech%20Republic" title="population aging in the Czech Republic">population aging in the Czech Republic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segment%2050%2B" title=" segment 50+"> segment 50+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20services" title=" financial services"> financial services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing%20communication" title=" marketing communication"> marketing communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing%20research" title=" marketing research"> marketing research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing%20communication%20approach" title=" marketing communication approach"> marketing communication approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9438/effective-communication-with-the-czech-customers-50-in-the-financial-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11695</span> Umbilical Cord-Derived Cells in Corneal Epithelial Regeneration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Mahmud%20Reza">Hasan Mahmud Reza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extensive studies of the human umbilical cord, both basic and translational, over the last three decades have unveiled a plethora of information. The cord lining harbors at least two phenotypically different multipotent stem cells: mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cord lining epithelial stem cells (CLECs). These cells exhibit a mixed genetic profiling of both embryonic and adult stem cells, hence display a broader stem features than cells from other sources. We have observed that umbilical cord-derived cells are immunologically privileged and non-tumorigenic by animal study. These cells are ethically acceptable, thus provides a significant advantage over other stem cells. The high proliferative capacity, viability, differentiation potential, and superior harvest of these cells have made them better candidates in comparison to contemporary adult stem cells. Following 30 replication cycles, these cells have been observed to retain their stemness, with their phenotype and karyotype intact. Transplantation of bioengineered CLEC sheets in limbal stem cell-deficient rabbit eyes resulted in regeneration of clear cornea with phenotypic expression of the normal cornea-specific epithelial cytokeratin markers. The striking features of low immunogenicity protecting self along with co-transplanted allografts from rejection largely define the transplantation potential of umbilical cord-derived stem cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cord%20lining%20epithelial%20stem%20cells" title="cord lining epithelial stem cells">cord lining epithelial stem cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesenchymal%20stem%20cell" title=" mesenchymal stem cell"> mesenchymal stem cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regenerative%20medicine" title=" regenerative medicine"> regenerative medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=umbilical%20cord" title=" umbilical cord"> umbilical cord</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117218/umbilical-cord-derived-cells-in-corneal-epithelial-regeneration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11694</span> The Role of Medical Professionals in Imparting Drug Abuse Education to Secondary School Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hana%20Ashique">Hana Ashique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florence%20Onabanjo"> Florence Onabanjo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Research on drug abuse education in secondary schools has highlighted the discrepancy between drug policies and practice. Drug abuse is closely associated with child mental health, and with increasing drug overdose deaths in the UK, approximately doubling in the last 30 years, it becomes important to revolutionise drug abuse education. Medical professionals from the University of Nottingham piloted a drug abuse workshop at a state school in Nottingham for children between the age of 14-15 years. An interactive and educational approach was implemented, which explained addiction from a medical perspective. The workshop aimed to debunk medical beliefs children harboured about drugs and to support children in making informed drug choices. Methods: The sample group consisted of six cohorts of 30 children from year 10. The workshop was delivered in three segments to each cohort. In the first segment, the children were introduced to the physiological mechanisms behind drug dependence and reward pathways. The second segment consisted of interactive discussions between the children and medical professionals. This also involved conversations between the children about their perspectives on drug abuse, thereby co-creating knowledge. The third segment used art to incorporate storytelling from the perspective of a year ten child. This exercise investigated the causes that led children to abuse drugs. A feedback questionnaire was distributed among the children to analyse the impact of the workshop. Results: The children answered eight questions. 56% agreed/strongly agreed that they found being taught by medical professionals effective. 50% disagreed, strongly disagreed, or felt neutral that they had received sufficient education about drug abuse previously. Notably, 20% agreed that they feel more likely to ask for help from a medical professional or organisation if they need it. Conclusion: The results highlighted the relevance of medical professionals to function as peer educators in drug abuse education to secondary school children. This would build trust between children and the medical profession within the community. However, a minority proportion of children showed keenness to seek support from medical professionals or organisations for their mental health if they needed it. This exposed the anxiety children have in coming forward to seek professional help. In order to work towards a child-centred approach, educational policies and practices need to align. Similar workshops and research may need to be conducted to expose different perspectives toward drug abuse education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescent%20mental%20health" title="adolescent mental health">adolescent mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evidence-based%20teaching" title=" evidence-based teaching"> evidence-based teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20abuse%20awareness" title=" drug abuse awareness"> drug abuse awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20professional%20led%20workshops" title=" medical professional led workshops"> medical professional led workshops</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192985/the-role-of-medical-professionals-in-imparting-drug-abuse-education-to-secondary-school-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11693</span> Efficacy of Umbilical Cord Lining Stem Cells For Wound Healing in Diabetic Murine Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fui%20Ping%20Lim">Fui Ping Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Choong%20Chua"> Wen Choong Chua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toan%20Thang%20Phan"> Toan Thang Phan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: This study investigates the roles of Cord Lining Stem Cells (CLSCs) as potential therapeutic agents for diabetic wounds. Method: 20 genetically diabetic db/db mice were randomly assigned to two arms; (i) control group received placebo treatment (sham media or cells delivery material), and (ii) active comparator received CLSCs. Two full-thickness wounds, each sized 10mm X 10mm were created, one on each side of the midline on the back of the mice. Digital pictures were taken on day 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28. Wound areas were analyzed with ImageJ TM software and calculated as percentage of the original wound. Time to closure was defined as the day the wound bed was completely epithelized and filled with new tissues. Results: The CLSCs-treated wounds, showed a significant increase in the percentage of wound closure and achieved 100% closure of the wound sooner than the control group by an average of 3.7 days. The mice treated with CLSCs have a shorter wound closure time (mean closure day: 19.8 days) as compared to the control group (mean closure day: 23.5 days). Conclusion: Our preliminary findings inferred that CLSCs treated wound achieved higher percentage of wound closure within a shorter duration of time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cord%20lining%20stem%20cell" title="cord lining stem cell">cord lining stem cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20wound" title=" diabetic wound"> diabetic wound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cell" title=" stem cell"> stem cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound" title=" wound"> wound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53878/efficacy-of-umbilical-cord-lining-stem-cells-for-wound-healing-in-diabetic-murine-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11692</span> Web Page Design Optimisation Based on Segment Analytics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varsha%20V.%20Rohini">Varsha V. Rohini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20R.%20Shreya"> P. R. Shreya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Renukadevi"> B. Renukadevi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the web analytics the information delivery and the web usage is optimized and the analysis of data is done. The analytics is the measurement, collection and analysis of webpage data. Page statistics and user metrics are the important factor in most of the web analytics tool. This is the limitation of the existing tools. It does not provide design inputs for the optimization of information. This paper aims at providing an extension for the scope of web analytics to provide analysis and statistics of each segment of a webpage. The number of click count is calculated and the concentration of links in a web page is obtained. Its user metrics are used to help in proper design of the displayed content in a webpage by Vision Based Page Segmentation (VIPS) algorithm. When the algorithm is applied on the web page it divides the entire web page into the visual block tree. The visual block tree generated will further divide the web page into visual blocks or segments which help us to understand the usage of each segment in a page and its content. The dynamic web pages and deep web pages are used to extend the scope of web page segment analytics. Space optimization concept is used with the help of the output obtained from the Vision Based Page Segmentation (VIPS) algorithm. This technique provides us the visibility of the user interaction with the WebPages and helps us to place the important links in the appropriate segments of the webpage and effectively manage space in a page and the concentration of links. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytics" title="analytics">analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20optimization" title=" design optimization"> design optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20block%20trees" title=" visual block trees"> visual block trees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vision%20based%20technology" title=" vision based technology"> vision based technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56881/web-page-design-optimisation-based-on-segment-analytics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11691</span> Feature Extractions of EMG Signals during a Constant Workload Pedaling Exercise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bing-Wen%20Chen">Bing-Wen Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alvin%20W.%20Y.%20Su"> Alvin W. Y. Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Lin%20Wang"> Yu-Lin Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electromyography (EMG) is one of the important indicators during exercise, as it is closely related to the level of muscle activations. This work quantifies the muscle conditions of the lower limbs in a constant workload exercise. Surface EMG signals of the vastus laterals (VL), vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), gastrocnemius medianus (GM), gastrocnemius lateral (GL) and Soleus (SOL) were recorded from fourteen healthy males. The EMG signals were segmented in two phases: activation segment (AS) and relaxation segment (RS). Period entropy (PE), peak count (PC), zero crossing (ZC), wave length (WL), mean power frequency (MPF), median frequency (MDF) and root mean square (RMS) are calculated to provide the quantitative information of the measured EMG segments. The outcomes reveal that the PE, PC, ZC and RMS have significantly changed (<em>p</em><.001); WL presents moderately changed (<em>p</em><.01); MPF and MDF show no changed (<em>p</em>>.05) during exercise. The results also suggest that the RS is also preferred for performance evaluation, while the results of the extracted features in AS are usually affected directly by the amplitudes. It is further found that the VL exhibits the most significant changes within six muscles during pedaling exercise. The proposed work could be applied to quantify the stamina analysis and to predict the instant muscle status in athletes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyographic%20feature%20extraction" title="electromyographic feature extraction">electromyographic feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20status" title=" muscle status"> muscle status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedaling%20exercise" title=" pedaling exercise"> pedaling exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relaxation%20segment" title=" relaxation segment"> relaxation segment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49255/feature-extractions-of-emg-signals-during-a-constant-workload-pedaling-exercise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11690</span> Application of ICT in the Teaching and Learning of English Language in Nigerian Secondary Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Ayobayowa%20Foyewa">Richard Ayobayowa Foyewa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work examined the application of ICT in the teaching and learning of English language in Nigerian secondary schools. The definition of ICT was given briefly before areas in which the ICT could be applied in teaching and learning of English language were observed. Teachers’ attitudes towards the use of the computer and Internet facilities were also observed. The conclusion drawn was that ICT is very relevant in the teaching and learning of English language in Nigerian secondary schools. It was therefore recommended that teachers who are not computer literate should go for the training without further delay; government should always employ English language teachers who are computer literates. Government should make fund available in schools for the training and re-training of English language teachers in various computer programmes and in making internet facilities available in secondary schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title="ICT">ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigerian%20secondary%20schools" title=" Nigerian secondary schools"> Nigerian secondary schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20and%20learning%20of%20English" title=" teaching and learning of English"> teaching and learning of English</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54853/application-of-ict-in-the-teaching-and-learning-of-english-language-in-nigerian-secondary-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11689</span> Observation and Study of Landslides Affecting the Tangier: Oued Rmel Motorway Segment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Houssaini">S. Houssaini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Bahi"> L. Bahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The motorway segment between Tangier and Oued R’mel has experienced, since the beginning of building works, significant instability and landslides linked to a number of geological, hydrogeological and geothermic factors affecting the different formations. The landslides observed are not fully understood, despite many studies conducted on this segment. This study aims at producing new methods to better explain the phenomena behind the landslides, taking into account the geotechnical and geothermic contexts. This analysis builds up on previous studies and geotechnical data collected in the field. The final body of data collected shall be processed through the Plaxis software for a better and customizable view of the landslide problems in the area, which will help to find solutions and stabilize land in the area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslides" title="landslides">landslides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11530/observation-and-study-of-landslides-affecting-the-tangier-oued-rmel-motorway-segment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11688</span> Estimation of Geotechnical Parameters by Comparing Monitoring Data with Numerical Results: Case Study of Arash–Esfandiar-Niayesh Under-Passing Tunnel, Africa Tunnel, Tehran, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliakbar%20Golshani">Aliakbar Golshani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Mehdi%20Poorhashemi"> Seyyed Mehdi Poorhashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahsa%20Gharizadeh"> Mahsa Gharizadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The under passing tunnels are strongly influenced by the soils around. There are some complexities in the specification of real soil behavior, owing to the fact that lots of uncertainties exist in soil properties, and additionally, inappropriate soil constitutive models. Such mentioned factors may cause incompatible settlements in numerical analysis with the obtained values in actual construction. This paper aims to report a case study on a specific tunnel constructed by NATM. The tunnel has a depth of 11.4 m, height of 12.2 m, and width of 14.4 m with 2.5 lanes. The numerical modeling was based on a 2D finite element program. The soil material behavior was modeled by hardening soil model. According to the field observations, the numerical estimated settlement at the ground surface was approximately four times more than the measured one, after the entire installation of the initial lining, indicating that some unknown factors affect the values. Consequently, the geotechnical parameters are accurately revised by a numerical back-analysis using laboratory and field test data and based on the obtained monitoring data. The obtained result confirms that typically, the soil parameters are conservatively low-estimated. And additionally, the constitutive models cannot be applied properly for all soil conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NATM%20tunnel" title="NATM tunnel">NATM tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20lining" title=" initial lining"> initial lining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20test%20data" title=" laboratory test data"> laboratory test data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20back-analysis" title=" numerical back-analysis"> numerical back-analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62883/estimation-of-geotechnical-parameters-by-comparing-monitoring-data-with-numerical-results-case-study-of-arash-esfandiar-niayesh-under-passing-tunnel-africa-tunnel-tehran-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11687</span> Random Forest Classification for Population Segmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Regina%20Chua">Regina Chua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To reduce the costs of re-fielding a large survey, a Random Forest classifier was applied to measure the accuracy of classifying individuals into their assigned segments with the fewest possible questions. Given a long survey, one needed to determine the most predictive ten or fewer questions that would accurately assign new individuals to custom segments. Furthermore, the solution needed to be quick in its classification and usable in non-Python environments. In this paper, a supervised Random Forest classifier was modeled on a dataset with 7,000 individuals, 60 questions, and 254 features. The Random Forest consisted of an iterative collection of individual decision trees that result in a predicted segment with robust precision and recall scores compared to a single tree. A random 70-30 stratified sampling for training the algorithm was used, and accuracy trade-offs at different depths for each segment were identified. Ultimately, the Random Forest classifier performed at 87% accuracy at a depth of 10 with 20 instead of 254 features and 10 instead of 60 questions. With an acceptable accuracy in prioritizing feature selection, new tools were developed for non-Python environments: a worksheet with a formulaic version of the algorithm and an embedded function to predict the segment of an individual in real-time. Random Forest was determined to be an optimal classification model by its feature selection, performance, processing speed, and flexible application in other environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title="machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supervised%20learning" title=" supervised learning"> supervised learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20science" title=" data science"> data science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20forest" title=" random forest"> random forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20modeling" title=" predictive modeling"> predictive modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154919/random-forest-classification-for-population-segmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11686</span> An Improved Method to Eliminate the Distortion of Terrain Relief in DEM Generation Using Contour Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RyongJin%20Ri">RyongJin Ri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SongChol%20Kim"> SongChol Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SungIl%20Jon"> SungIl Jon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KyongIl%20Ji"> KyongIl Ji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> : In this paper, an improved algorithm is proposed to eliminate the distortion of terrain relief when generating DEMs from digitized contour lines in the area bounded by inflectional contour lines such as narrow and long mountain ridges or valleys. To this end, mountain ridge lines (valley lines) are extracted from the area, and the steepest slope segment is detected based on ridge or valley lines. After detecting the steepest slope segment, the elevation of the grid points is interpolated on the profile section using the cubic Hermit function. The experiment shows that the accuracy of the DEM of the terrain-distortionable region generated by the proposed method is improved significantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEM" title="DEM">DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contour%20lines" title=" contour lines"> contour lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ridge%20line" title=" ridge line"> ridge line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steepest%20slope%20segment" title=" steepest slope segment"> steepest slope segment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194164/an-improved-method-to-eliminate-the-distortion-of-terrain-relief-in-dem-generation-using-contour-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194164.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20lining%20applied%20RC%20segment&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20lining%20applied%20RC%20segment&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20lining%20applied%20RC%20segment&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20lining%20applied%20RC%20segment&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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